[ { "paper": "1527357315", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2001", "title": "review can democracy take root in post soviet russia explorations in state society relations", "label": [ "555826173", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2395936256" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review: Can Democracy Take Root in Post-Soviet russia? Explorations in State-Society Relations", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2985996968", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2001", "title": "making security social disability insurance and the birth of the social entitlement state in germany", "label": [ "2776398702", "105379811" ], "author": [ "2113604633", "2796459526" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Making Security Social: Disability, Insurance, and the Birth of the Social Entitlement State in Germany", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1494908033", "venue": "45992627", "year": "2001", "title": "review of j wormell the management of the national debt of the united kingdom 1900 1932", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2432469881" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of J. Wormell The management of the national debt of the United Kingdom, 1900-1932", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2006513229", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2001", "title": "the sprawl debate let markets plan", "label": [ "2776129789", "148834064", "2777351106", "2780300103", "533735693", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2265510894", "2486000233" ], "reference": [ "31064985", "147226259", "1484775731", "1497153616", "1538476845", "1539256569", "1544304819", "1584704782", "1588253952", "1608799908", "1998819003", "2010546391", "2011512658", "2019758481", "2057075447", "2089314759", "2101187040", "2147264455", "2153649560", "2164729134", "2206391888", "2267169272", "3124133911", "3196109993" ], "abstract": "sprawl issues ought not be a federal issue because land use control is local americans have been moving to both suburban and private communities for many years an expression of the constitutional right to travel they seek more direct control over their personal property rights both trends are at odds with the desire of planners to impose more controls via land use and growth controls planners base their arguments on the need to control urban sprawl examining their arguments one by one shows that they are empirically weak the controls are ineffective and will do little to slow down these shifts in residential location the logic of the planners position would be to control development everywhere via state and even federal legislation but this is undesirable unattainable and probably unconstitutional sprawl will remain an issue over which state and local jurisdictions will either continue to fight or find an uneasy accommodation in the presidential election campaign of 2000 both candidates responded to a request from an environmental group for a written statement of their position on sprawl al gore s statement was more than double the length of that of george w bush but both took a strong anti sprawl position nevertheless the sprawl issue never took fire in the campaign despite the obviously great interest in the issue among the american public the reason is not difficult to find land use is a local policy problem as demonstrated from constitutional decisions tracing back to the 1920s the federal government moreover cannot address land use directly this explains why the clinton administration s initiatives in this sphere e g the communities reinvestment act focused on the revival of central cities as an indirect approach to controlling sprawl in the case of land use controls the central intergovernmental issue is the role of state versus local governments the federal system gives priority to state rights but local governments do not give up their police power of controlling land use lightly in several states that have passed mandatory statewide growth management legislation some local jurisdictions counties or municipalities have been very recalcitrant another point about the u s presidential election of 2000 is that it confirmed the long term trend of declining voter participation turnouts in 2000", "title_raw": "The Sprawl Debate: Let Markets Plan", "abstract_raw": "Sprawl issues ought not be a federal issue because land-use control is local. Americans have been moving to both suburban and private communities for many years, an expression of the constitutional right to travel. They seek more direct control over their personal property rights. Both trends are at odds with the desire of planners to impose more controls via land-use and growth controls. Planners base their arguments on the need to control urban sprawl. Examining their arguments one-by-one shows that they are empirically weak. The controls are ineffective and will do little to slow down these shifts in residential location. The logic of the planners\u2019 position would be to control development everywhere via state and even federal legislation, but this is undesirable, unattainable, and probably unconstitutional. Sprawl will remain an issue over which state and local jurisdictions will either continue to fight or find an uneasy accommodation. In the presidential election campaign of 2000, both candidates responded to a request from an environmental group for a written statement of their position on sprawl. Al Gore\u2019s statement was more than double the length of that of George W. Bush, but both took a strong anti-sprawl position. Nevertheless, the sprawl issue never took fire in the campaign, despite the obviously great interest in the issue among the American public. The reason is not difficult to find. Land use is a local policy problem as demonstrated from constitutional decisions tracing back to the 1920s. The federal government, moreover cannot address land use directly. This explains why the Clinton administration\u2019s initiatives in this sphere (e.g., the Communities Reinvestment Act) focused on the revival of central cities as an indirect approach to controlling sprawl. In the case of land-use controls, the central intergovernmental issue is the role of state versus local governments. The federal system gives priority to state rights, but local governments do not give up their police power of controlling land use lightly. In several states that have passed mandatory statewide growth-management legislation, some local jurisdictions (counties or municipalities) have been very recalcitrant. Another point about the U.S. presidential election of 2000 is that it confirmed the long-term trend of declining voter participation. Turnouts in 2000" }, { "paper": "2790245406", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2001", "title": "the legacies of the 1964 civil rights act edited by bernard grofman charlottesville university press of virginia 2000 320p 55 00 cloth 16 50 paper", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2793895394" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Legacies of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Edited by Bernard Grofman. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2000. 320p. $55.00 cloth, $16.50 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1966869086", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2001", "title": "cracking monopoly immigrants and employment in finland", "label": [ "100243477", "2778102662", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2527765905" ], "reference": [ "1713921884", "2021925048", "2022341257", "2041830006", "2043156912", "2099391701", "2146882022", "2316354684", "2809109608", "3174554362" ], "abstract": "this paper examines unemployment among immigrants in finland and their difficulties in accessing the labour market the study is based on qualitative data from interviews with immigrant jobseekers and the findings of an exploratory questionnaire that was addressed to representatives of labour unions employers and employers associations findings show that immigrant jobseekers consistently encounter blockage at the outer periphery of the labour market at the stage of first enquiries immigrant unemployment can be understood as an outcome of monopoly like mechanisms of exclusion which are at present being formally articulated in the categorical distinction between jobseekers with an acceptable level of language skill and all those assumed to be deficient in this respect while social citizenship brings immigrants fully into the citizenry as members with developed monopoly rights to welfare their relations to the labour market are precarious recent insertion into the secondary labour market carrie", "title_raw": "Cracking monopoly: Immigrants and employment in Finland", "abstract_raw": "This paper examines unemployment among immigrants in Finland, and their difficulties in accessing the labour market. The study is based on qualitative data from interviews with immigrant jobseekers, and the findings of an exploratory questionnaire that was addressed to representatives of labour unions, employers, and employers' associations. Findings show that immigrant jobseekers consistently encounter blockage at the outer periphery of the labour market at the stage of first enquiries. Immigrant unemployment can be understood as an outcome of 'monopoly'-like mechanisms of exclusion, which are at present being formally articulated in the categorical distinction between jobseekers with an acceptable level of language skill and all those assumed to be deficient in this respect. While social citizenship brings immigrants fully into the citizenry, as members with developed monopoly rights to welfare, their relations to the labour market are precarious. Recent insertion into the secondary labour market carrie..." }, { "paper": "1978596724", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2001", "title": "international refugee law a reader", "label": [ "2777251787", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2344156130" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "International Refugee Law: A Reader", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2061323784", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2001", "title": "peacekeeping in africa edited by oliver furley and roy may aldershot ashgate publishing ltd 1999 pp 319 42 50 pbk", "label": [ "183761623", "151719136" ], "author": [ "2294901658" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Peacekeeping in Africa edited by OLIVER FURLEY and ROY MAY Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 1999. Pp. 319. \u00a342.50 (pbk.).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3124511133", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2001", "title": "federal regulation of state court procedures", "label": [ "2776398702", "533735693", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1968124093" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Federal Regulation of State Court Procedures", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2321726868", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2001", "title": "e h norman canada and japan s postwar constitution", "label": [ "522996594", "2779778547", "2776154427", "555826173", "2778299913", "2777596936", "199539241", "2778428725" ], "author": [ "2656392527" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "t he creation of constitutional research commissions in both the upper and lower houses ofjapan s national diet in 2000 marked a controlled resuscitation of both the historical enquiry and debate regarding the past and future ofjapan s national charter controversy regardingjapan s postwar constitution is nothing new during the 1950s the liberal democratic party ldp established a similar constitutional review process one of the aims of that initiative was to eliminate article ix the peace clause that theoretically forbids japan to wage war or to maintain armed forces faced however with massive and growing popular resistance from a burgeoning peace movement in the 1950s the ldp allowed this first attempt at constitutional revision to fade into oblivion much has changed in the forty years between the two inquiries but one constant impetus to revise the constitution has been the historical recognition that japan s constitution was initially drafted by the staff of general douglas macarthur the supreme commander of the allied powers scap what is less well known is that e herbert norman a historian of japan and canadian diplomat waged a protracted battle to take the constitutional drafting process away from both scap and japan s ruling oligarchy in order to put it into the hands of the japanese people themselves norman was thwarted in this idealistic endeavor by none other than general macarthur despite scap s imperious style in constitution crafting norman in the end supportedjapan s new constitution partially because no alternatives were available but also because it enshrined some of the values which he thought reflected the historical aspirations of the japanese people", "title_raw": "E.H. Norman, Canada and Japan's Postwar Constitution", "abstract_raw": "T he creation of constitutional research commissions in both the upper and lower houses ofJapan's national Diet in 2000 marked a controlled resuscitation of both the historical enquiry and debate regarding the past and future ofJapan's national charter. Controversy regardingJapan's postwar constitution is nothing new. During the 1950s, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) established a similar constitutional review process. One of the aims of that initiative was to eliminate Article IX, the peace clause that theoretically forbids Japan to wage war or to maintain armed forces. Faced, however, with massive and growing popular resistance from a burgeoning peace movement in the 1950s, the LDP allowed this first attempt at constitutional revision to fade into oblivion. Much has changed in the forty years between the two inquiries but one constant impetus to revise the Constitution has been the historical recognition that Japan's constitution was initially drafted by the staff of General Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP). What is less well known is that E. Herbert Norman, a historian of Japan and Canadian diplomat, waged a protracted battle to take the constitutional drafting process away from both SCAP and Japan's ruling oligarchy in order to put it into the hands of the Japanese people themselves. Norman was thwarted in this idealistic endeavor by none other than General MacArthur. Despite SCAP's imperious style in constitution crafting, Norman in the end supportedJapan's new constitution partially because no alternatives were available but also because it enshrined some of the values which he thought reflected the historical aspirations of the Japanese people." }, { "paper": "2149788782", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2001", "title": "canaries in the mines of citizenship indian women in canada", "label": [ "2780597233", "148834064", "2780781376", "139838865", "2777351106", "95691615", "199539241", "2778459495", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2096206532" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article explores the concept of citizenship in relation to certain aboriginal women whose membership in first nations is subject to canadian federal legislation and first nations constitutions and membership codes in the struggle for decolonization aboriginal peoples use the language of rights rights to self determination and claims of fundamental human rights the state has injected its limited policy of self government into this conversation characterized by the federal government s preference for delegating administrative powers to indian act bands since the 1985 indian act revisions bands have been able to control their membership where prior to 1985 the federal government implemented sexist racist legislation determining band membership now some bands have racist sexist membership codes in both cases the full citizenship capacity of affected aboriginal women in either the colonial state or in first nations is impaired the bands in question resist criticism by invoking rights claims and traditional practices the federal government washes its hands in deference to self government the rights claims of affected women are scarcely acknowledged much less addressed meanwhile their citizenship in both dominant and aboriginal communities is negotiated with the realities of colonialism racism and sexism their experience demonstrates the limitations of citizenship theory and of canadian citizenship guarantees", "title_raw": "Canaries in the Mines of Citizenship: Indian Women in Canada", "abstract_raw": "This article explores the concept of citizenship in relation to certain Aboriginal women, whose membership in First Nations is subject to Canadian federal legislation and First Nations constitutions and membership codes. In the struggle for decolonization, Aboriginal peoples use the language of rights - rights to self-determination, and claims of fundamental human rights. The state has injected its limited policy of ''self-government'' into this conversation, characterized by the federal government's preference for delegating administrative powers to Indian Act bands. Since the 1985 Indian Act revisions, bands have been able to control their membership. Where prior to 1985 the federal government implemented sexist, racist legislation determining band membership, now some bands have racist, sexist membership codes. In both cases, the full citizenship capacity of affected Aboriginal women, in either the colonial state or in First Nations, is impaired. The bands in question resist criticism by invoking rights claims and traditional practices; the federal government washes its hands in deference to self-government. The rights claims of affected women are scarcely acknowledged, much less addressed. Meanwhile, their citizenship in both dominant and Aboriginal communities is negotiated with the realities of colonialism, racism and sexism. Their experience demonstrates the limitations of citizenship theory and of Canadian citizenship guarantees." }, { "paper": "2115066074", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2001", "title": "a world war against terrorism", "label": [ "203133693", "203715995" ], "author": [ "2688736785" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A world war against terrorism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2095357023", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2001", "title": "london uk to embrace private sector involvement in nhs", "label": [ "3116431", "2779488927" ], "author": [ "2192524156" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "london UK to embrace private-sector involvement in NHS?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2564215763", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2001", "title": "preparing for the next attack", "label": [ "2781017023", "2780617971", "2777765789", "2779965921", "506469952", "3116431", "2776876785", "59411770" ], "author": [ "2619890400" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in the wake of the attacks on the world trade center and the pentagon america has been mourning its dead and tending to its wounded but the country also has been building up an angry resolve to respond to this outrage against humanity and a pragmatic resolve to reduce its vulnerability to future attacks the world has seen just how terrible the consequences can be when terrorists have the hatred to murder innocent civilians the resources to coordinate and conduct systematic operations and the fanaticism to sacrifice their own lives the evil genius who conceived of using a passenger airplane in kamikaze mode calculated that its 200 000 pounds of jet fuel would make it a weapon of mass destruction and so it was with more than 3 000 deaths resulting from each plane used against the world trade center more than ten times the fatality rate caused by past attacks with truck bombs the united states can take many actions to make this sort of attack more difficult to carry out and it will do so despite the inconvenience and expense but as washington moves to reduce the vulnerabilities exposed by the last strike it should also try to anticipate the next one as deadly as the world trade center disaster was it could have produced a hundredfold more victims if the terrorists had possessed nuclear or biological weapons and the future threat could come from hostile nations as well as terrorists", "title_raw": "Preparing for the Next Attack", "abstract_raw": "In the wake of the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, America has been mourning its dead and tending to its wounded. But the country also has been building up an angry resolve to respond to this outrage against humanity, and a pragmatic resolve to reduce its vulnerability to future attacks. The world has seen just how terrible the consequences can be when terrorists have the hatred to murder innocent civilians, the resources to coordinate and conduct systematic operations, and the fanaticism to sacrifice their own lives. The evil genius who conceived of using a passenger airplane in kamikaze mode calculated that its 200,000 pounds of jet fuel would make it a weapon of mass destruction. And so it was, with more than 3,000 deaths resulting from each plane used against the World Trade Center, more than ten times the fatality rate caused by past attacks with truck bombs. The United States can take many actions to make this sort of attack more difficult to carry out, and it will do so, despite the inconvenience and expense. But as Washington moves to reduce the vulnerabilities exposed by the last strike, it should also try to anticipate the next one. As deadly as the World Trade Center disaster was, it could have produced a hundredfold more victims if the terrorists had possessed nuclear or biological weapons. And the future threat could come from hostile nations as well as terrorists." }, { "paper": "1976631035", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2001", "title": "opinion foreign policy acumen needed by global ceos", "label": [ "93377909", "193257486", "94625758", "2776034101", "557252395" ], "author": [ "2590051936" ], "reference": [ "7171174", "53414368", "93423700", "132993112", "1554207217", "1761796655", "1976677486", "2032899120", "2325221196", "2346722608", "2480340707", "2550906233", "2551524948", "2553419481", "2559654696", "2796771089", "2797336299", "2799326657", "2801846891" ], "abstract": "abstract vulnerability and exposure notwithstanding through the highly diplomatic language of the nacd s commissioners the blue ribbon commission report emphasizes that director participation must be and increasingly become constructively engaged the report further included mr budd s recognition of the absolutely pivotal importance of non financials and the significance of both social and political trends it is in that light we find the role of the ceo being extended into domains considered uncomfortable difficult and decidedly outside the path of the direct pursuit of quarterly profit numbers the emerging diplomatic role of international business leadership will take the duties of senior executives and board governance upward onto a new global platform this platform will likely overlay the realms of commerce finance government affairs integrity credibility and diplomacy above all else it will include a required new sense of common fairness that will become part of year 2001 s soft core values against which business transactions and ceos will be substantively measured and held accountable this shift in public attitude will encompass not just american based ceos but most foreign senior business executives as well ceos in international markets have the opportunity to be perceived as much as ambassadors as business leaders those that do so stand to gain unique competitive advantages in the form of long term trust while perhaps difficult to assimilate under existing business pressures in actuality this development simply continues a pattern of u s policy vulnerability begun after the collapse of the soviet union historically it is with no small irony that ceos return to a role once more publicly held during the latter cold war era of the 1970s by business legends such as leo burnett leo burnett david rockefeller chase manhattan bank walter wriston citibank robert woodruff coca cola walter disney disney tom watson jr ibm reginal jones ge ray kroc mcdonald s armand hammer occidental petroleum david kendall pepsico edwin land polaroid irving shapiro dupont and others who either actively sought out that unique stature or had that status thrust upon them the sole difference today is that this type of mantle is much more broadly forced across the entire business community leadership at large", "title_raw": "Opinion\u2026 foreign policy acumen needed by global CEOs", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Vulnerability and exposure notwithstanding, through the highly diplomatic language of the NACD\u2019s Commissioners, the \u2018Blue Ribbon Commission Report\u2026 \u2019 emphasizes that Director participation must be, and increasingly become, \u2018Constructively Engaged!\u2019 The report further included Mr. Budd\u2019s recognition of the absolutely pivotal importance of \u201cnon-financials\u201d and the significance of both social and political trends. It is in that light we find the role of the CEO being extended into domains considered uncomfortable, difficult and decidedly outside the path of the direct pursuit of Quarterly Profit Numbers. The emerging diplomatic role of international business leadership will take the duties of senior executives and board governance upward onto a new global platform. This platform will likely overlay the realms of Commerce, Finance, Government Affairs, Integrity, Credibility, and Diplomacy. Above all else, it will include a required new sense of common fairness that will become part of Year 2001\u2019s soft core values against which business transactions \u2013 and CEOs \u2013 will be substantively measured and held accountable. This shift in public attitude will encompass not just American-based CEOs, but most foreign senior business executives as well. CEOs in international markets have the opportunity to be perceived as much as ambassadors as business leaders. Those that do so stand to gain unique competitive advantages in the form of long term trust. While perhaps difficult to assimilate under existing business pressures, in actuality, this development simply continues a pattern of U.S. policy vulnerability begun after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Historically, it is with no small irony that CEOs return to a role once more publicly held during the latter Cold War era of the 1970s by business legends such as Leo Burnett (Leo Burnett), David Rockefeller (Chase Manhattan Bank), Walter Wriston (CitiBank), Robert Woodruff (Coca\u223cCola), Walter Disney (Disney]),Tom Watson, Jr. (IBM), Reginal Jones (GE), Ray Kroc (McDonald\u2019s), Armand Hammer (Occidental Petroleum), David Kendall (PepsiCo), Edwin Land (Polaroid), Irving Shapiro (DuPont) and others who either actively sought out that unique stature or had that status thrust upon them. The sole difference today is that this type of mantle is much more broadly forced across the entire business community leadership at large." }, { "paper": "1979360267", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2001", "title": "rescuers of europe s cultural heritage struggle for funding", "label": [ "93371752", "194229684", "60671577" ], "author": [ "2106465385" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rescuers of Europe's cultural heritage struggle for funding.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2061656465", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2001", "title": "the state of the world s refugees fifty years of humanitarian action", "label": [ "13934251", "173145845", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2109788313" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The State of the World's Refugees: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1994332371", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2001", "title": "communicating in crisis a theoretical practical guide to crisis management", "label": [ "2780851881", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2140776424" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Communicating in crisis: a theoretical & practical guide to crisis management", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2274714560", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2001", "title": "the dynamics of economic and political relations between africa and foreign powers a study in international relations by tukumbi lumumba kasongo westport ct praeger 1999 133p 55 00", "label": [ "34355311", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1472637775" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Dynamics of Economic and Political Relations between Africa and Foreign Powers: A Study in International Relations. By Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999. 133p. $55.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2064301498", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2001", "title": "domestic politics and the political use of military force by the united states", "label": [ "197487636", "94625758", "2776663400", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2059781876" ], "reference": [ "1592576206", "1964333827", "1968059489", "1969133544", "1975568438", "2010616166", "2012178612", "2028559917", "2033442982", "2041919235", "2044073085", "2044342930", "2050596968", "2056125536", "2056176140", "2056370346", "2069112079", "2093897757", "2098910318", "2113607642", "2115574315", "2118201783", "2119122609", "2124871592", "2158441614", "2168741590", "2325153857", "2327745105", "2496469216" ], "abstract": "the diversionary hypothesis that leaders use force to distract publics from suffering economies and declining performance has been explored in numerous articles and books despite this attention the empirical evidence is often contradictory some argue there is little evidence of diversionary behavior while others find significant relationships between domestic politics and u s foreign policy behavior i argue that problems with research design and selection effects account for the contradictory evidence and that by addressing these issues we can better model the impact of domestic political conditions on presidential decision making first i hypothesize that domestic politics influence the occurrence of international crises after accounting for this influence i argue we should find that domestic political conditions do not directly influence presidential decision making second i hypothesize that we can best model their impact on the decision to use force as a function of the severity of the int", "title_raw": "Domestic Politics and the Political Use of Military Force by the United States", "abstract_raw": "The diversionary hypothesis, that leaders use force to distract publics from suffering economies and declining performance, has been explored in numerous articles and books. Despite this attention, the empirical evidence is often contradictory Some argue there is little evidence of diversionary behavior, while others find significant relationships between domestic politics and U.S. foreign policy behavior. I argue that problems with research design and selection effects account for the contradictory evidence, and that by addressing these issues we can better model the impact of domestic political conditions on presidential decision-making. First, I hypothesize that domestic politics influence the occurrence of international crises. After accounting for this influence, I argue we should find that domestic political conditions do not directly influence presidential decision-making. Second, I hypothesize that we can best model their impact on the decision to use force as a function of the severity of the int..." }, { "paper": "1510455725", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "restoring faith in the pentagon", "label": [ "178592042", "199539241", "2779965921" ], "author": [ "1621321188" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "medicinequestions about the pentagon s ability to objectively study gulf war illness have dogged the department for years and spawned numerous conspiracy theories removing those doubts has proven difficult just 6 weeks ago an independent panel reported that the pentagon had worked diligently to leave no stone unturned but that conclusion was spoiled by nasty disputes among panel members and staff some of whom charge that its review was flawed and anything but independent", "title_raw": "Restoring Faith in the Pentagon", "abstract_raw": "MEDICINEQuestions about the Pentagon's ability to objectively study Gulf War illness have dogged the department for years and spawned numerous conspiracy theories. Removing those doubts has proven difficult. Just 6 weeks ago, an independent panel reported that the Pentagon had worked \"diligently ... to leave no stone unturned.\" But that conclusion was spoiled by nasty disputes among panel members and staff, some of whom charge that its review was flawed and anything but independent." }, { "paper": "2334389969", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2001", "title": "the presidency and domestic policy comparing leadership styles fdr to clinton william w lammers michael a genovese", "label": [ "197386563", "2781243023", "2779063981", "3116431", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2320199798" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Presidency and Domestic Policy: Comparing Leadership Styles, FDR to Clinton. William W. Lammers , Michael A. Genovese", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1984692413", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2001", "title": "polish public opinion explaining declining support for eu membership", "label": [ "199776023", "199539241", "2779838221", "2781462389", "134698397" ], "author": [ "1226131217" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article examines the changing patterns of support for eu membership in poland the largest of the central and east european applicant states it argues that we should not be surprised that poles have become increasingly cynical about eu membership since accession negotiations began and examines the particular concerns that underpin polish euroscepticism however the overall level of support remains high and it is apathy and low turnout that pose a greater threat than outright rejection in a future referendum on eu accession", "title_raw": "Polish Public Opinion: Explaining Declining Support for EU Membership", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the changing patterns of support for EU membership in Poland, the largest of the central and east European applicant states. It argues that we should not be surprised that Poles have become increasingly cynical about EU membership since accession negotiations began and examines the particular concerns that underpin Polish Euroscepticism. However, the overall level of support remains high, and it is apathy and low turnout that pose a greater threat than outright rejection in a future referendum on EU accession." }, { "paper": "1640031839", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2001", "title": "planned law could put german research at risk", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "288384379" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Planned law could put German research at risk.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2384278625", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2001", "title": "to develop a famous high quality comprehensive university in china an outline of the reform and development goals and strategic measures of qingdao university in the tenth five year period", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2490460175" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "since the combination in 1993 qingdao universitys made great progress at the beginning of the 21th century this university is confronted with precious opportunities and serious challenges in the tenth five year period development becomes its theme thus all the work and strategic measures must be focused on how to develop rapidly and enforce its strength so as to build up a famous comprehensive university with high quality", "title_raw": "To develop a famous high quality comprehensive university in China \u2014\u2014An outline of the reform and development goals and strategic measures of Qingdao university in the tenth Five-year period", "abstract_raw": "Since the combination in 1993, Qingdao universitys made great progress. At the beginning of the 21th century, this university is confronted with precious opportunities and serious challenges. In the tenth Five-year period,development becomes its theme. Thus all the work and strategic measures must be focused on how to develop rapidly and enforce its strength so as to build up a famous comprehensive university with high quality." }, { "paper": "2799489521", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2001", "title": "the politics of retribution in europe world war ii and its aftermath", "label": [ "110928126", "94625758", "137355542" ], "author": [ "2089288517", "2583897899", "2799955424", "2250539022" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Retribution in Europe: World War II and Its Aftermath", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2159507530", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2001", "title": "the political economy of war affected children", "label": [ "2119116", "94625758", "2779872411", "13934251", "173145845" ], "author": [ "2015322256" ], "reference": [ "563918816", "1515277068", "1524984549", "1592495105", "2475223054", "2759513024", "2989906786" ], "abstract": "the nature of armed conflict has changed since the rise of globalization and the end of the cold war now wars predominantly take the lives of civilians over half of whom are children this article examines the effects of armed conflict on children in particular it discusses refugee and internally displaced children child soldiers the sexual assault and exploitation of girls and children traumatized by war how the international community should respond to protect children and prevent war is explored in relation to the political and economic context within which wars occur", "title_raw": "The Political Economy of War-Affected Children:", "abstract_raw": "The nature of armed conflict has changed since the rise of globalization and the end of the Cold War. Now wars predominantly take the lives of civilians, over half of whom are children. This article examines the effects of armed conflict on children. In particular, it discusses refugee and internally displaced children, child soldiers, the sexual assault and exploitation of girls, and children traumatized by war. How the international community should respond to protect children and prevent war is explored in relation to the political and economic context within which wars occur." }, { "paper": "2081839848", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2001", "title": "french government tries to persuade more doctors to work in rural areas", "label": [ "3116431", "129047720", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2312228352" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "French government tries to persuade more doctors to work in rural areas", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2329311485", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2001", "title": "philanthropic foundations new scholarship new possibilities", "label": [ "3116431", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2235985702", "81001656" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Philanthropic Foundations: New Scholarship, New Possibilities", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2076103789", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2001", "title": "leadership and pandering a theory of executive policymaking", "label": [ "2779103253", "2776475305", "2776453310", "2777438064", "2778999518" ], "author": [ "190230075", "2161281498", "2184603816" ], "reference": [ "603344292", "624759513", "1493329463", "1522991516", "1543247094", "1563166670", "1596041279", "1976631032", "1977015532", "1980005370", "1983710568", "1992261466", "1998337595", "2014602527", "2023609939", "2034645929", "2046136988", "2046642512", "2049783607", "2060202786", "2063890925", "2069366645", "2086169037", "2097035272", "2115074743", "2120048532", "2137220237", "2147116195", "2155263310", "2155618614", "2314109119", "2319297565", "2320629804", "2329681022", "2477862942", "2486341589", "2491416459", "2994417300", "3122718599", "3173756956" ], "abstract": "we develop an informational theory that analyzes conditions under which a reelection seeking executive will act in the public interest the theory considers factors such as executive competence challenger quality and the likelihood that voters will learn the consequences of policy decisions before an upcoming election we nd that an executive who has information suggesting that a popular policy is contrary to voters interests may or may not pander to voters by choosing it under certain conditions the executive can actually increase his probability of reelection by choosing an unpopular policy that is in the public interest however we also show that an executive will sometimes face electoral incentives to enact a policy that is both unpopular and contrary to voters interests we illustrate our model with examples involving president abraham lincoln california governor earl warren and president gerald ford for helpful comments we thank steve ansolabehere david austen smith dan carpenter cary covington patricia conley daniel diermeier tim fedderson fred greenstein keith krehbiel dan kryder jim snyder craig volden and seminar participants at berkeley dartmouth harvard mit northwestern nyu law school princeton stanford and suny stony brook yassistant professor of political science mit zassistant professor of political science northwestern university xcorresponding author assistant professor of political science northwestern university 601 university place evanston il 60208 1006 email k shotts nwu edu phone 847 491 2628 fax 847 491 8985 there are some who would be inclined to regard the servile pliancy of the executive to a prevailing current as its best recommendation but such men entertain very crude notions as well of the purposes for which government was instituted as of the true means by which the public happiness may be promoted when occasions present themselves in which the interests of the people are at variance with their inclinations it is the duty of the persons whom they have appointed to be the guardians of those interests alexander hamilton federalist paper 71", "title_raw": "Leadership and Pandering: A Theory of Executive Policymaking", "abstract_raw": "We develop an informational theory that analyzes conditions under which a reelection-seeking executive will act in the public interest. The theory considers factors such as executive competence, challenger quality, and the likelihood that voters will learn the consequences of policy decisions before an upcoming election. We ...nd that an executive who has information suggesting that a popular policy is contrary to voters\u2019 interests may or may not pander to voters by choosing it; under certain conditions, the executive can actually increase his probability of reelection by choosing an unpopular policy that is in the public interest. However, we also show that an executive will sometimes face electoral incentives to enact a policy that is both unpopular and contrary to voters\u2019 interests. We illustrate our model with examples involving President Abraham Lincoln, California Governor Earl Warren, and President Gerald Ford. \u00a4For helpful comments we thank Steve Ansolabehere, David Austen-Smith, Dan Carpenter, Cary Covington, Patricia Conley, Daniel Diermeier, Tim Fedderson, Fred Greenstein, Keith Krehbiel, Dan Kryder, Jim Snyder, Craig Volden, and seminar participants at Berkeley, Dartmouth, Harvard, MIT, Northwestern, NYU Law School, Princeton, Stanford, and SUNY Stony Brook. yAssistant Professor of Political Science, MIT. zAssistant Professor of Political Science, Northwestern University. xCorresponding author. Assistant Professor of Political Science, Northwestern University, 601 University Place, Evanston IL 60208-1006. Email: k-shotts@nwu.edu. Phone: (847) 491-2628. Fax: (847) 491-8985. \u201cThere are some who would be inclined to regard the servile pliancy of the Executive to a prevailing current...as its best recommendation. But such men entertain very crude notions, as well of the purposes for which government was instituted, as of the true means by which the public happiness may be promoted...When occasions present themselves, in which the interests of the people are at variance with their inclinations, it is the duty of the persons whom they have appointed to be the guardians of those interests.\u201d Alexander Hamilton, Federalist Paper 71" }, { "paper": "1984665784", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2001", "title": "women and politics in uganda by aili mari tripp madison university of wisconsin press 2000 277p 55 00 cloth 25 95 paper", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2257130320" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Women and Politics in Uganda. By Aili Mari Tripp. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2000. 277p. $55.00 cloth, $25.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2080597846", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2001", "title": "poll question readability and don t know replies", "label": [ "47344431", "39549134", "2779473830", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2109889822" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Poll Question Readability and \u2018Don't Know\u2019 Replies", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2796745298", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2001", "title": "keeping the constitution s promise an argument for greater judicial scrutiny of federal alienage classifications", "label": [ "2776050585", "2776154427" ], "author": [ "2797754263" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Keeping the Constitution's Promise: An Argument for Greater Judicial Scrutiny of Federal Alienage Classifications", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2022876629", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2001", "title": "japan s funding cuts hit the future of science", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "1646488740" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Japan's funding cuts hit the future of science.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2883284948", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2001", "title": "landon r y storrs civilizing capitalism the national consumers league women s activism and labor standards in the new deal era gender and american culture chapel hill university of north carolina press 2000 pp xiv 392 cloth 49 95 paper 19 95", "label": [ "33285361", "2776732289", "514928085" ], "author": [ "2144280092" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Landon R. Y. Storrs. Civilizing Capitalism: The National Consumers' League, Women's Activism, and Labor Standards in the New Deal Era. (Gender and American Culture.) Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2000. Pp. xiv, 392. Cloth $49.95, paper $19.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2793041467", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2001", "title": "nuclear strategy in the twenty first century by stephen cimbala westport ct and london praeger 2000 211p 65 00 power versus prudence why nations forgo nuclear weapons by t v paul montreal and kingston mcgill queen s university press 2000 227p 60 00 cloth 27 95 paper nuclear monopoly by george quester new brunswick nj and london transaction 2000 234p 44 95", "label": [ "2776051254", "194110935", "2780188227" ], "author": [ "2793601915" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Nuclear Strategy in the Twenty-First Century. By Stephen Cimbala. Westport, CT, and London: Praeger, 2000. 211p. $65.00. - Power versus Prudence: Why Nations Forgo Nuclear Weapons. By T.V. Paul. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000. 227p. $60.00 cloth, $27.95 paper. - Nuclear Monopoly. By George Quester. New Brunswick, NJ, and London: Transaction, 2000. 234p. $44.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2036633756", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2001", "title": "reprieve for smithsonian centre", "label": [ "2777532764" ], "author": [ "2146834351" ], "reference": [ "1645169814" ], "abstract": "the smithsonian institution has abandoned plans to close the national zoo s conservation and research center in front royal virginia see nature 410 727 2001 after an outcry from conservation biologists and local politicians", "title_raw": "Reprieve for Smithsonian centre", "abstract_raw": "The Smithsonian Institution has abandoned plans to close the National Zoo's Conservation and Research Center in Front Royal, Virginia (see Nature\u00a0410, 727; 2001), after an outcry from conservation biologists and local politicians." }, { "paper": "2224170246", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2001", "title": "after the ball was over the british general election of 2001", "label": [ "59742305", "199539241" ], "author": [ "60559122" ], "reference": [ "1982449049", "2012123033", "2477689944" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "After the ball was over \u2026 the British general election of 2001", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2020705942", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2001", "title": "evaluating realist explanations of internal conflict the case of liberia", "label": [ "3116431", "13367683", "79165680" ], "author": [ "1986169673", "2807035799" ], "reference": [ "428159160", "563144448", "596373405", "1487887084", "1502761186", "1526402861", "1531066878", "1540463284", "1566561834", "1676511820", "1965778691", "1966027696", "1966031143", "1967424757", "1985218820", "1986006934", "1986273899", "1986852182", "1987300876", "1989246932", "1996351431", "2001441241", "2010591624", "2012223821", "2013737776", "2013750961", "2013768936", "2014225532", "2022684055", "2027832732", "2028136838", "2036203657", "2039976967", "2040696180", "2041685217", "2044430631", "2047156377", "2047250647", "2050698203", "2059818569", "2064961332", "2065111725", "2079024510", "2085775571", "2093680930", "2098644581", "2100915559", "2107458670", "2109451465", "2121790979", "2124974251", "2125044185", "2131108751", "2146413678", "2148998985", "2149635273", "2150515448", "2153452406", "2158233171", "2163713221", "2163776464", "2166372769", "2166735555", "2172056741", "2325322474", "2611522026", "2798142024", "2800991345", "3123856163", "3138842104", "3182019369" ], "abstract": "2001 evaluating realist explanations of internal conflict the case of liberia security studies vol 10 no 3 pp 186 218", "title_raw": "Evaluating realist explanations of internal conflict : The case of Liberia", "abstract_raw": "(2001). Evaluating realist explanations of internal conflict: The case of Liberia. Security Studies: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 186-218." }, { "paper": "2796061611", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2001", "title": "miranda s mistake", "label": [ "199539241", "111420272", "2777179996", "2781298881" ], "author": [ "1695105097" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Miranda's Mistake", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2099561962", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2001", "title": "chiefly for fear next for honour and lastly for profit an analysis of foreign policy motivation in the peloponnesian war", "label": [ "93377909", "44725695", "158154518", "2780110125", "158071213", "188888794" ], "author": [ "2268546325", "2050558894" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article applies a three dimensional framework for the analysis of the role of motivation in foreign policy decision making to the foreign policy decisions of individuals and cities in thucydides history of the peloponnesian war first the authors briefly introduce their framework for analysis using the speeches in thucydides to explicate the motives and goals of individuals and cities the authors then trace the relationships between the motivational dispositions of foreign policy actors and their foreign policy behaviour in so doing they demonstrate both the relevance of a concern with individual motivation for foreign policy analysis and the usefulness of their analytical framework for studying the impact of the relevant motives the authors also show how ideological statements can be analysed to determine the relative salience of individual motives and collective goals suggesting a relationship between ideological reasoning and motivational imbalance which can adversely affect the policymaking process in conclusion they briefly assess the theoretical and normative as well as practical policy implications of their observations", "title_raw": "\u2018Chiefly for fear, next for honour, and lastly for profit\u2019: an analysis of foreign policy motivation in the Peloponnesian War", "abstract_raw": "This article applies a three-dimensional framework for the analysis of the role of motivation in foreign policy decision-making to the foreign policy decisions of individuals and cities in Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War . First, the authors briefly introduce their framework for analysis. Using the speeches in Thucydides to explicate the motives and goals of individuals and cities, the authors then trace the relationships between the motivational dispositions of foreign policy actors and their foreign policy behaviour. In so doing, they demonstrate both the relevance of a concern with individual motivation for foreign policy analysis and the usefulness of their analytical framework for studying the impact of the relevant motives. The authors also show how ideological statements can be analysed to determine the relative salience of individual motives and collective goals, suggesting a relationship between ideological reasoning and motivational imbalance which can adversely affect the policymaking process. In conclusion, they briefly assess the theoretical and normative as well as practical policy implications of their observations." }, { "paper": "1554402611", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "2002 budget fall fight looms over space science funding", "label": [ "3116431", "83009810" ], "author": [ "1893168251" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "2002 budgetcongressional lawmakers are at odds with each other and with the new administration over which u s space science efforts should be funded or cut in 2002 the high stakes legislative game affects plans for several important space projects from mars exploration to a successor for the hubble space telescope the politicians also want to shunt hundreds of millions of dollars into pork programs a move likely to increase the pressure on nasa s strained budget", "title_raw": "2002 budget. Fall fight looms over space science funding.", "abstract_raw": "2002 BUDGETCongressional lawmakers are at odds with each other and with the new Administration over which U.S. space science efforts should be funded-or cut-in 2002. The high-stakes legislative game affects plans for several important space projects, from Mars exploration to a successor for the Hubble Space Telescope. The politicians also want to shunt hundreds of millions of dollars into pork programs-a move likely to increase the pressure on NASA's strained budget." }, { "paper": "2136861069", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2001", "title": "china and southeast asia s ethnic chinese state and diaspora in contemporary asia by p aul b olt westport ct praeger 2000 184 pp 47 95 isbn 0 275 96647 x", "label": [ "2776398702", "2778611045", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2255880353" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China and Southeast Asia's Ethnic Chinese: State and Diaspora in Contemporary Asia . By P AUL B OLT . [Westport, CT: Praeger, 2000. 184 pp. \u00a347.95. ISBN 0-275-96647-X.]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1984421603", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2001", "title": "meritocracy and economic inequality", "label": [ "189326681", "109986646", "161936438", "38377331" ], "author": [ "290705619", "2155247325", "276709964" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "most americans strongly favor equality of opportunity if not outcome but many are weary of poverty s seeming immunity to public policy this helps to explain the recent attention paid to cultural and genetic explanations of persistent poverty including claims that economic inequality is a function of intellectual ability as well as more subtle depictions of the united states as a meritocracy where barriers to achievement are personal either voluntary or inherited rather than systemic this volume of original essays by luminaries in the economic social and biological sciences however confirms mounting evidence that the connection between intelligence and inequality is surprisingly weak and demonstrates that targeted educational and economic reforms can reduce the income gap and improve the country s aggregate productivity and economic well being it also offers a novel agenda of equal access to valuable associations amartya sen john roemer robert m hauser glenn loury orley ashenfelter and others sift and analyze the latest arguments and quantitative findings on equality in order to explain how merit is and should be defined how economic rewards are distributed and how patterns of economic success persist across generations moving well beyond exploration they draw specific conclusions that are bold yet empirically grounded finding that schooling improves occupational success in ways unrelated to cognitive ability that iq is not a strong independent predictor of economic success and that people s associations their neighborhoods working groups and other social ties significantly explain many of the poverty traps we observe the optimistic message of this beautifully edited book is that important violations of equality of opportunity do exist but can be attenuated by policies that will serve the general economy policy makers will read with interest concrete suggestions for crafting economically beneficial anti discrimination measures enhancing educational and associational opportunity and centering economic reforms in community based institutions here is an example of some of our most brilliant social thinkers using the most advanced techniques that their disciplines have to offer to tackle an issue of great social importance", "title_raw": "Meritocracy and economic inequality", "abstract_raw": "Most Americans strongly favor equality of opportunity if not outcome, but many are weary of poverty's seeming immunity to public policy. This helps to explain the recent attention paid to cultural and genetic explanations of persistent poverty, including claims that economic inequality is a function of intellectual ability, as well as more subtle depictions of the United States as a meritocracy where barriers to achievement are personal--either voluntary or inherited--rather than systemic. This volume of original essays by luminaries in the economic, social, and biological sciences, however, confirms mounting evidence that the connection between intelligence and inequality is surprisingly weak and demonstrates that targeted educational and economic reforms can reduce the income gap and improve the country's aggregate productivity and economic well-being. It also offers a novel agenda of equal access to valuable associations.Amartya Sen, John Roemer, Robert M. Hauser, Glenn Loury, Orley Ashenfelter, and others sift and analyze the latest arguments and quantitative findings on equality in order to explain how merit is and should be defined, how economic rewards are distributed, and how patterns of economic success persist across generations. Moving well beyond exploration, they draw specific conclusions that are bold yet empirically grounded, finding that schooling improves occupational success in ways unrelated to cognitive ability, that IQ is not a strong independent predictor of economic success, and that people's associations--their neighborhoods, working groups, and other social ties--significantly explain many of the poverty traps we observe.The optimistic message of this beautifully edited book is that important violations of equality of opportunity do exist but can be attenuated by policies that will serve the general economy. Policy makers will read with interest concrete suggestions for crafting economically beneficial anti-discrimination measures, enhancing educational and associational opportunity, and centering economic reforms in community-based institutions. Here is an example of some of our most brilliant social thinkers using the most advanced techniques that their disciplines have to offer to tackle an issue of great social importance." }, { "paper": "2800531276", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2001", "title": "the making of chinese foreign and security policy in the era of reform", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2541767122", "2792898322" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy in the Era of Reform", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2337095281", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2001", "title": "small world big challenges a report from the 9th international congress of the world federation of public health associations", "label": [ "2781188222", "185618831", "2119116", "47344431", "113807197", "46578552", "193395930" ], "author": [ "3129723805", "2533219959" ], "reference": [ "41050398", "1693423716", "1995315882", "1999675545", "2061343280", "2092056816", "2096965341", "2108585776", "2112460648", "2164771123" ], "abstract": "in september 2000 the 9th international congress of the world federation of public health associations attended by over 1000 delegates from 51 countries convened in beijing china the meeting participants discussed the crucial aspects of the globalization of public health including global food supply and nutrition and economics moreover speakers emphasized the role of globalization in increasing disparities in disease burdens and access to health services and the impact of investments in public health in terms of economic growth and those whose lives are affected the congress called for action in three key areas which include 1 providing leadership and advocacy for health 2 building partnerships and alliances with others and 3 supporting grassroots movements for public health", "title_raw": "Small world, big challenges: a report from the 9th International Congress of the World Federation of Public Health Associations.", "abstract_raw": "In September 2000 the 9th International Congress of the World Federation of Public Health Associations attended by over 1000 delegates from 51 countries convened in Beijing China. The meeting participants discussed the crucial aspects of the globalization of public health including global food supply and nutrition and economics. Moreover speakers emphasized the role of globalization in increasing disparities in disease burdens and access to health services and the impact of investments in public health in terms of economic growth and those whose lives are affected. The congress called for action in three key areas which include: 1) providing leadership and advocacy for health 2) building partnerships and alliances with others and 3) supporting grassroots movements for public health." }, { "paper": "2032478829", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "japan and china gear up for postgenome research", "label": [ "2778304055", "191935318" ], "author": [ "1817140627", "2106791040" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "tokyo and beijing when the human genome project was first conceived in the late 1980s japan hoped to play a major role funding however proved elusive and the country contributed just 6 to the draft sequence published last february china managed even less but now as the focus moves beyond human sequencing neither country will be content with a bit part", "title_raw": "Japan and China gear up for 'postgenome' research.", "abstract_raw": "TOKYO AND BEIJING-- When the human genome project was first conceived in the late 1980s, Japan hoped to play a major role. Funding, however, proved elusive, and the country contributed just 6% to the draft sequence published last February. China managed even less. But now, as the focus moves beyond human sequencing, neither country will be content with a bit part." }, { "paper": "2035029604", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2001", "title": "whether to strangle the baby in the cradle the united states and the chinese nuclear program 1960 64", "label": [ "44394981", "191935318", "528167355" ], "author": [ "2764015421", "3049309205" ], "reference": [ "346534299", "608061724", "1555183890", "1922747693", "1964757550", "1965980653", "1973770764", "1993329967", "2013052212", "2020579975", "2024191863", "2025769411", "2029392541", "2036227799", "2043884055", "2050253921", "2051689181", "2061292529", "2077699579", "2080644939", "2093323882", "2093530671", "2104925477", "2124803099", "2125459423", "2159746879", "2317600403", "2321265567", "2329477530", "2800164770", "2801328765", "2802951496", "2917458890" ], "abstract": "earlier versions of this article appeared in the bulletin of the atomic scientists as the china puzzle vol 53 no 4 july august 1997 and were presented at the 1999 annual meeting of the society for the historians of american foreign relations the authors thank barton bernstein william bundy gordon chang lynn eden raymond garthoff robert johnson robert norris david painter john prados david rosenberg walt rostow gen william smith ret d j samuel walker and paul wolman for comments and the w alton jones foundation for anancial support to the national security archive george washington university", "title_raw": "Whether to \"Strangle the Baby in the Cradle\": The United States and the Chinese Nuclear Program, 1960-64", "abstract_raw": "Earlier versions of this article appeared in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists as \u201cThe China Puzzle,\u201d Vol. 53, No. 4 (July/August 1997), and were presented at the 1999 annual meeting of the Society for the Historians of American Foreign Relations. The authors thank Barton Bernstein, William Bundy, Gordon Chang, Lynn Eden, Raymond Garthoff, Robert Johnson, Robert Norris, David Painter, John Prados, David Rosenberg, Walt Rostow, Gen. William Smith (ret'd), J. Samuel Walker, and Paul Wolman for comments, and the W. Alton Jones Foundation for anancial support to the National Security Archive, George Washington University." }, { "paper": "2134154284", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2001", "title": "children s rights and the internet", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2015322256", "2044442611" ], "reference": [ "1550954416", "1558090880", "2025803873", "2139799674", "2171494258" ], "abstract": "the internet is having a profound impact on children s rights around the world its impact is both negative such as with the proliferation of child pornography and positive in providing child advocates with new tools to promote and protect the rights of children this article examines how international collaboration and the linking of legal systems are required to combat abuses of children s rights on the internet it also explores how children s rights organizations use the internet to combat abuses of children on the internet and to provide information on all children s rights issues respond quickly to the abuse of children s rights and connect children and youths in different countries to empower them to advocate for their own rights the internet is no substitute for strong and vibrant communities and societies but it does provide a new and effective means for different peoples of the world to connect with one another", "title_raw": "Children's Rights and the Internet", "abstract_raw": "The Internet is having a profound impact on children's rights around the world. Its impact is both negative, such as with the proliferation of child pornography, and positive, in providing child advocates with new tools to promote and protect the rights of children. This article examines how international collaboration and the linking of legal systems are required to combat abuses of children's rights on the Internet. It also explores how children's rights organizations use the Internet to combat abuses of children on the Internet and to provide information on all children's rights issues, respond quickly to the abuse of children's rights, and connect children and youths in different countries to empower them to advocate for their own rights. The Internet is no substitute for strong and vibrant communities and societies, but it does provide a new and effective means for different peoples of the world to connect with one another." }, { "paper": "2327478827", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2001", "title": "congress the president and the federal reserve the politics of american monetary policy making irwin l morris", "label": [ "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2077723898" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Congress, the President, and the Federal Reserve: The Politics of American Monetary Policy-Making. Irwin L. Morris", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2082445087", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2001", "title": "economic adversity and public mobilization in russia", "label": [ "58823610", "94625758", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2572706914", "2054068741" ], "reference": [ "195518202", "357939812", "583014477", "1100708374", "1493066239", "1531229169", "1561172966", "1604050144", "1680934362", "1970550498", "1974305747", "1978158058", "1981993278", "2006523165", "2011011811", "2027824507", "2035534527", "2039429923", "2041047484", "2041434958", "2055565339", "2071488437", "2074561506", "2122090987", "2123103757", "2124923374", "2126007183", "2131732148", "2135692140", "2140935926", "2142835366", "2147148194", "2154285995", "2157035121", "2170455148", "2192778301", "2314463799", "2318207693", "2318835776", "2328936360", "2414855308", "2502376912", "2504952638", "2556619654", "2557141748", "2999901142" ], "abstract": "abstract since the beginning of post communist transitions the challenge for reformers has been how to mobilize winners and demobilize losers of economic transformation accounts of dual transitions suggested that it would be an uphill fight economic crisis hit just when political liberalization offered the losers multiple opportunities to voice their discontent but a reading of the comparative literature on participation implies the reverse hardship would cut into individual resources and thus reduce rather than encourage political activism in this paper we assess the connection between economic hardship and participation in the russian transition we focus on two of the activities that should be closely tied to the expression of discontent voting and protest using data from 1995 we argue that economics matters but not quite in the way predicted by accounts of dual transitions or by the resource model neither objective economic dislocation nor dissatisfaction with economic conditions takes people out of politics in fact it is the relatively well to do who opt out", "title_raw": "Economic adversity and public mobilization in Russia", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Since the beginning of post-communist transitions, the challenge for reformers has been how to mobilize winners and demobilize losers of economic transformation. Accounts of dual transitions suggested that it would be an uphill fight: economic crisis hit just when political liberalization offered the losers multiple opportunities to voice their discontent. But a reading of the comparative literature on participation implies the reverse\u2014hardship would cut into individual resources and thus reduce, rather than encourage, political activism. In this paper, we assess the connection between economic hardship and participation in the Russian transition. We focus on two of the activities that should be closely tied to the expression of discontent, voting and protest. Using data from 1995, we argue that economics matters, but not quite in the way predicted by accounts of dual transitions or by the resource model. Neither objective economic dislocation nor dissatisfaction with economic conditions takes people out of politics. In fact, it is the relatively well-to-do who opt out." }, { "paper": "2027178467", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2001", "title": "health literacy a nonissue in the 2000 presidential election", "label": [ "47344431", "185618831", "193395930", "2776129789", "39549134", "2778843546", "113807197" ], "author": [ "2606553564", "1977782494", "2115836195" ], "reference": [ "87751727", "161249684", "1481128830", "1481281556", "1532520563", "1534215117", "1566237488", "1947951941", "1967649176", "1976961815", "1986778076", "1996024638", "1999061866", "2007074512", "2009413931", "2011053211", "2031946228", "2033019711", "2036314956", "2045933690", "2046935294", "2056036216", "2058620209", "2070161735", "2072117519", "2073469631", "2082082279", "2083965252", "2084499683", "2093861543", "2103275736", "2117334662", "2123781212", "2125682639", "2137430572", "2139095162", "2141435397", "2156895524", "2166858912", "2228548827", "2270070752", "2289836221", "2409190597", "2434589599", "2905409886", "2992870468", "3014478659" ], "abstract": "both candidates in the 2000 presidential campaign focused on issues related to health and education as key components of their platforms yet the campaign failed to address an emerging problem with", "title_raw": "Health Literacy A Nonissue in the 2000 Presidential Election", "abstract_raw": "Both candidates in the 2000 presidential campaign focused on issues related to health and education as key components of their platforms. Yet the campaign failed to address an emerging problem with..." }, { "paper": "2055573719", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2001", "title": "the tension between policy science and politics addressing cancer incidence and environmental contamination in michigan", "label": [ "94625758", "2776398702", "3116431", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2551810002" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the internet and related innovations in information and communications technologies now enable individuals and groups from across a state to easily access and analyze data on public health and environmental contamination in michigan will this improve the policy attention given to rural as well as urban and suburban areas of the state will better informed citizen voices result in policy decisions that take longer term considerations into account and are more representative of the interests of all areas of the state this article suggests not the recent adoption of lifetime legislative term limits in michigan and the complexity of and public misunderstandings about the research process and data analysis likely will make legislative work on environmental policy more difficult and contentious", "title_raw": "The Tension Between Policy Science and Politics: Addressing Cancer Incidence and Environmental Contamination in Michigan", "abstract_raw": "The Internet and related innovations in information and communications technologies now enable individuals and groups from across a state to easily access and analyze data on public health and environmental contamination. In Michigan, will this improve the policy attention given to rural, as well as urban and suburban, areas of the state? Will better-informed citizen voices result in policy decisions that take longer-term considerations into account and are more representative of the interests of all areas of the state? This article suggests not. The recent adoption of lifetime legislative term limits in Michigan and the complexity of and public misunderstandings about the research process and data analysis likely will make legislative work on environmental policy more difficult and contentious." }, { "paper": "1993285967", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2001", "title": "the effects of electoral systems on women s representation in post communist states", "label": [ "3116431", "2776359362", "2778521920", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2170639376" ], "reference": [ "401166033", "1493605452", "1982134363", "1987134971", "2003241911", "2013943527", "2041288792", "2055270742", "2068139814", "2084782067", "2121881827", "2125378284", "2135409175", "2143858135", "2149897917", "2158643882", "2284074967", "2494707969", "3149953018" ], "abstract": "abstract this paper examines the relationship between electoral systems and female representation in four post communist states that use mixed electoral systems mixed electoral systems provide an excellent laboratory to test electoral system effects because voters cast two ballots under very different electoral rules if the pr and smd tiers of mixed elections are treated separately one can study the effect of different electoral systems while holding all other factors constant i find that unlike consolidated democracies post communist states do not experience statistically significant differences in the proportion of women elected to the legislature in the pr and smd tiers of their mixed systems in one case russia the relationship runs counter to expectations women perform better in the smd tier than in the pr tier i propose several reasons for these differences", "title_raw": "The effects of electoral systems on women's representation in post-communist states", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This paper examines the relationship between electoral systems and female representation in four post-communist states that use mixed electoral systems. Mixed electoral systems provide an excellent laboratory to test electoral system effects because voters cast two ballots under very different electoral rules. If the PR and SMD tiers of mixed elections are treated separately, one can study the effect of different electoral systems while holding all other factors constant. I find that unlike consolidated democracies, post-communist states do not experience statistically significant differences in the proportion of women elected to the legislature in the PR and SMD tiers of their mixed systems. In one case, Russia, the relationship runs counter to expectations\u2014women perform better in the SMD tier than in the PR tier. I propose several reasons for these differences." }, { "paper": "3122388486", "venue": "183770981", "year": "2001", "title": "revoking your citizenship minimizing the likelihood of administrative error", "label": [ "7991579", "2779392107", "70036468", "199539241", "2779204856", "2780781376", "95691615" ], "author": [ "2673906738" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Revoking Your Citizenship: Minimizing the Likelihood of Administrative Error", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2038464940", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2001", "title": "confessions a model of officials perspectives on accepting gifts from clients in post communist europe", "label": [ "2776446040", "48057960", "2776398702", "199539241", "39549134", "7991579" ], "author": [ "2122393821", "1968104686", "293106121" ], "reference": [ "84507881", "1969602003", "2012689978", "2021090581", "2105403738", "2131318518" ], "abstract": "there is widespread criticism of the behaviour of junior officials in post communist europe where they are often accused of treating citizens unfairly and soliciting presents or bribes to solve citizens problems to get the perspective of officials themselves we interviewed 1307 junior officials and state employees in ukraine bulgaria slovakia and the czech republic this paper focuses on their willingness to accept gifts from clients their confessions to having done so and the factors that lead some officials to accept gifts while others do not factors such as occupational bargaining power and the related frequency of offers from clients economic pressures national and institutional cultures fear of punishment and moral perspectives on charging clients for favours economic pressures make officials more inclined to feel that they could not afford to refuse gifts but this motivation is only weakly related to actual behaviour occupational bargaining power and the frequency of offers from c", "title_raw": "Confessions: a Model of Officials' Perspectives on Accepting Gifts from Clients in Post-communist Europe", "abstract_raw": "There is widespread criticism of the behaviour of junior officials in post-communist Europe where they are often accused of treating citizens unfairly and soliciting presents or bribes to solve citizens' problems. To get the perspective of officials themselves we interviewed 1307 junior officials and state employees in Ukraine, Bulgaria, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. This paper focuses on their willingness to accept gifts from clients, their confessions to having done so, and the factors that lead some officials to accept gifts while others do not \u2013 factors such as occupational bargaining power and the (related) frequency of offers from clients, economic pressures, national and institutional cultures, fear of punishment, and moral perspectives on charging clients for favours. Economic pressures make officials more inclined to feel that they \u2018could not afford to refuse\u2019 gifts, but this motivation is only weakly related to actual behaviour. Occupational bargaining power and the frequency of offers from c..." }, { "paper": "955692964", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2001", "title": "sovereign immunity accorded to american institute in taiwan", "label": [ "129161804", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2579672349" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sovereign Immunity Accorded to American Institute in Taiwan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2017497899", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2001", "title": "senators call for biodefence boost", "label": [ "3116431", "59411770", "148834064", "203133693" ], "author": [ "2120133679" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a massive increase in public health spending is needed to prepare the united states for a possible terrorist attack with biological weapons two prominent us senators say", "title_raw": "Senators call for biodefence boost.", "abstract_raw": "A massive increase in public-health spending is needed to prepare the United States for a possible terrorist attack with biological weapons, two prominent US senators say." }, { "paper": "2982112141", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2001", "title": "editor s note faces of public health", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2130900390", "2137830257" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Editor's note: Faces of public health", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2030336480", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2001", "title": "federal arrangements as a peacemaking device during south africa s transition to democracy", "label": [ "2775842811", "2776051254", "199539241", "555826173", "2776154427", "81631423", "137403100" ], "author": [ "2646069729", "2663495755" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "federal arrangements are often used as a way of keeping deeply divided societies together in particular where divisions be they ethnic linguistic or religious develop in violent conflict or the threat of civil war constitutional arrangements for self rule and shared rule have been put forward as a key to peace the federal distribution of power is then used to satisfy sectoral demands for self determination", "title_raw": "Federal arrangements as a peacemaking device during South Africa's transition to democracy", "abstract_raw": "Federal arrangements are often used as a way of keeping deeply divided societies together In particular; where divisions, be they ethnic, linguistic, or religious, develop in violent conflict or the threat of civil war, constitutional arrangements for self-rule and shared rule have been put forward as a key to peace. The federal distribution of power is then used to satisfy sectoral demands for self-determination." }, { "paper": "3122745992", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2001", "title": "the paths not taken the supreme court s failures in dickerson", "label": [ "183763965", "2776210200", "2780262971", "111420272", "2781298881", "2780849931", "199539241", "2778272461", "2781316544" ], "author": [ "2392589484" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "release surely i thought some glitch in the transmission had eliminated the pages of discussion on the critical issues in the case yet as it became clear that i had received all of the court s opinion my incredulity grew just six months earlier the court had appointed me to defend my victory in the fourth circuit where i had persuaded that court to hold that 18 u s c 3501 validly replaced the prophylactic miranda requirements as the standard for the admissibility of confessions in federal court my appointment stemmed from the justice department s virtually unprecedented decision to align itself with the criminal defendant it was prosecuting in arguing against admitting his confession the department and dickerson filed briefs urging reversal of the fourth circuit supported by amicus briefs from the aclu and several other civil rights organizations i responded with a brief defending the fourth circuit s decision supported by amicus briefs from the united states house of representatives leading senators seventeen states and many of the nation s law enforcement officials prosecutors", "title_raw": "The paths not taken: The supreme court's failures in Dickerson", "abstract_raw": "release. Surely, I thought, some glitch in the transmission had eliminated the pages of discussion on the critical issues in the case. Yet, as it became clear that I had received all of the Court's opinion, my incredulity grew. Just six months earlier, the Court had appointed me to defend my victory in the Fourth Circuit, where I had persuaded that court to hold that 18 U.S.C. ? 3501 validly replaced the \"prophylactic\" Miranda requirements as the standard for the admissibility of confessions in federal court.' My appointment stemmed from the Justice Department's virtually unprecedented decision to align itself with the criminal defendant it was prosecuting in arguing against admitting his confession. The Department and Dickerson filed briefs urging reversal of the Fourth Circuit, supported by amicus briefs from the ACLU and several other civil rights organizations. I responded with a brief defending the Fourth Circuit's decision, supported by amicus briefs from the United States House of Representatives, leading Senators, seventeen states, and many of the nation's law enforcement officials, prosecutors," }, { "paper": "1628630136", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2001", "title": "bush targets space based missile defence system", "label": [ "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2719702979" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "washingtongeorge w bush s choice of defence secretary shows that his new administration aims to give the united states a missile defence shield confirming the fears of some scientists and of us allies", "title_raw": "Bush targets space-based missile defence system", "abstract_raw": "WashingtonGeorge W. Bush's choice of defence secretary shows that his new administration aims to give the United States a missile defence shield \u2014 confirming the fears of some scientists and of US allies." }, { "paper": "1532682166", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "nsf program targets institutional change", "label": [ "3116431", "2780966255" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "gender equitylast month the national science foundation nsf unveiled plans for a new 20 million a year program aimed at improving career prospects for women scientists and engineers in academia nsf hopes to make five to 10 institutional transformation awards by this fall as part of its new program called advance the program replaces nsf s earlier efforts to tackle the chronic problem of women being underrepresented in science", "title_raw": "NSF Program Targets Institutional Change", "abstract_raw": "GENDER EQUITYLast month, the National Science Foundation (NSF) unveiled plans for a new $20-million-a-year program aimed at improving career prospects for women scientists and engineers in academia. NSF hopes to make five to 10 \"institutional transformation\" awards by this fall as part of its new program, called ADVANCE. The program replaces NSF's earlier efforts to tackle the chronic problem of women being underrepresented in science." }, { "paper": "2035234386", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "getting more out of the classroom", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "how should universities teach science and what should undergraduates know when they leave these questions loom large for the tens of millions of students around the world and their governments which expect this talent pool to be sufficiently techno savvy to propel their 21st century economies", "title_raw": "Getting More Out of The Classroom", "abstract_raw": "How should universities teach science, and what should undergraduates know when they leave? These questions loom large for the tens of millions of students around the world and their governments, which expect this talent pool to be sufficiently techno-savvy to propel their 21st century economies." }, { "paper": "3122493654", "venue": "44706263", "year": "2001", "title": "the ex ante function of the criminal law", "label": [ "2778732403", "202565627", "2777998198", "102587632", "199539241", "2776446040" ], "author": [ "2127356478", "259762886", "1811909885" ], "reference": [ "1725435973", "1730123309", "1992193527", "2024729924", "2037124948", "2041881271", "2107031757", "2155480621", "3122522053" ], "abstract": "criminal legal codes draw clear lines between permissible and illegal conduct and the criminal justice system counts on people knowing these lines and governing their conduct accordingly this is the ex ante function of the law lines are drawn and because citizens fear punishments or believe in the moral validity of the legal codes they do not cross these lines but do people in fact know the lines that legal codes draw the fact that several states have adopted laws that deviate from other state laws enables a field experiment to address this question residents n 203 of states wisconsin texas north dakota and south dakota that had adopted a minority position on some aspect of criminal law reported the relevant law of their state to be no different than did citizens of majoritarian states path analyses using structural equation modeling suggest that people make guesses about what their state law holds by extrapolating from their personal view of whether or not the act in question ought to be criminalized a legal code in a complex society is designed to have several functions first it is designed to announce beforehand the rules by which citizens must conduct themselves on pain of criminal punishment second if a person violates one of these rules of conduct the criminal law must determine whether the violator is to be held criminally liable third another part of its adjudicatory function where liability is imposed the law must determine the general range or grade of punishment to be imposed it is the first function that is of interest to us here the socalled ex ante function of the criminal law the code announces in advance what actions count as criminal thus the citizenry can use the announcement to guide their actions to avoid criminal conduct the law in other words draws bright lines between allowable and unallowable conduct and those lines enable the citizens to regulate their conduct so they do not break the laws to use a familiar metaphor the criminal law specifies what sorts of actions are out of bounds and the penalties for those actions so the players will stay in bounds the criminal justice system relies on people knowing the law and knowing where the boundaries for their conduct lie ignorance does not excuse unlawful conduct a fact summarized in the phrase ignorance of the law is no excuse such a rule is defended as a useful means of creating an incentive for citizens to learn the law citizens need to know these codes if these laws are to function successfully in an ex ante mode if for instance the code requires that a person who is aware of the location of a felon report that location to the police people need to know that the code requires such conduct if the code requires that a person help another person whose life is in danger then for the code to guide the behavior of the potential rescuer he or she has to be aware that the code requires that helping action we have argued elsewhere robinson darley 1995 that to produce law abiding behavior it is important for the citizens to agree that the code drafters generally got things morally right but that is a somewhat separable issue the purpose of this study is primarily to test the first construction that is to determine whether people are aware of the lines drawn by legal codes in the united states do people know what the law says obviously it is important to specify what kinds of laws we are talking about there are many possibilities as john coffee 1991 193 a leading legal commentator points out t he dominant development in substantive federal criminal law over the last decade has been the disappearance of any clearly definable line between civil and criminal law this statement means that many actions that do not fit the prototype of a criminal action have for a number of reasons been criminalized in order that they may be assigned the penalties that are only available within the criminal justice system", "title_raw": "The Ex Ante Function of the Criminal Law", "abstract_raw": "Criminal legal codes draw clear lines between permissible and illegal conduct, and the criminal justice system counts on people knowing these lines and governing their conduct accordingly. This is the \"ex ante\" function of the law; lines are drawn, and because citizens fear punishments or believe in the moral validity of the legal codes they do not cross these lines. But do people in fact know the lines that legal codes draw? The fact that several states have adopted laws that deviate from other state laws enables a field experiment to address this question. Residents (N = 203) of states (Wisconsin, Texas, North Dakota, and South Dakota) that had adopted a minority position on some aspect of criminal law reported the relevant law of their state to be no different than did citizens of \"majoritarian\" states. Path analyses using structural equation modeling suggest that people make guesses about what their state law holds by extrapolating from their personal view of whether or not the act in question ought to be criminalized. A legal code in a complex society is designed to have several functions. First, it is designed to announce beforehand the rules by which citizens must conduct themselves, on pain of criminal punishment. Second, if a person violates one of these rules of conduct, the criminal law must determine whether the violator is to be held criminally liable. Third, another part of its adjudicatory function, where liability is imposed the law must determine the general range, or \"grade,\" of punishment to be imposed. It is the first function that is of interest to us here, the socalled ex ante function of the criminal law. The code announces in advance what actions count as criminal; thus the citizenry can use the announcement to guide their actions to avoid criminal conduct. The law, in other words, draws \"bright lines\" between allowable and unallowable conduct, and those lines enable the citizens to regulate their conduct so they do not break the laws. To use a familiar metaphor, the criminal law specifies what sorts of actions are \"out of bounds,\" and the penalties for those actions, so the players will \"stay in bounds.\" The criminal justice system relies on people knowing the law and knowing where the boundaries for their conduct lie. Ignorance does not excuse unlawful conduct, a fact summarized in the phrase \"ignorance of the law is no excuse.\" Such a rule is defended as a useful means of creating an incentive for citizens to learn the law. Citizens need to know these codes if these laws are to function successfully in an ex ante mode. If, for instance, the code requires that a person who is aware of the location of a felon report that location to the police, people need to know that the code requires such conduct. If the code requires that a person help another person whose life is in danger, then for the code to guide the behavior of the potential rescuer, he or she has to be aware that the code requires that helping action. We have argued elsewhere (Robinson & Darley 1995) that to produce law-abiding behavior it is important for the citizens to agree that the code drafters generally got things morally right, but that is a somewhat separable issue. The purpose of this study is primarily to test the first construction; that is, to determine whether people are aware of the lines drawn by legal codes in the United States. Do people know what the law says? Obviously, it is important to specify what kinds of laws we are talking about. There are many possibilities. As John Coffee (1991:193), a leading legal commentator, points out, \"[T]he dominant development in substantive federal criminal law over the last decade has been the disappearance of any clearly definable line between civil and criminal law.\" This statement means that many actions that do not fit the prototype of a criminal action have, for a number of reasons, been criminalized in order that they may be assigned the penalties that are only available within the criminal justice system. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2943876781", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2001", "title": "renovating politics in contemporary vietnam by zachary abuza boulder co lynne rienner 2001 271p 52 00", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2343427779" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Renovating Politics in Contemporary Vietnam. By Zachary Abuza. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2001. 271p. $52.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2126625100", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2001", "title": "taiwan s informal diplomacy and propaganda by gary d rawnsley london macmillan and new york st martin s press 2000 xiii 182 pp 42 50 isbn 0 333 75119 1", "label": [ "557252395" ], "author": [ "2653537814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Taiwan's Informal Diplomacy and Propaganda . By GARY D. RAWNSLEY . [London: Macmillan and New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000. xiii+182 pp. \u00a342.50. ISBN 0-333-75119-1.]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2571511824", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2001", "title": "the sovereign and his counsellors ritualised consultations in muscovite political culture 1340s 1570s", "label": [ "81307892", "186229450" ], "author": [ "4489740", "2005144295" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Sovereign and His Counsellors: Ritualised Consultations in Muscovite Political Culture, 1340s-1570s", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1551298798", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2001", "title": "organizing immigrants the challenges for unions in contemporary california review", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "90717180" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Organizing Immigrants: The Challenges for Unions in Contemporary California (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2316856170", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2001", "title": "setting the terms of relief explaining state policy choices in the devolution revolution", "label": [ "2776592576", "2775884135", "19185018", "105379811", "3116431", "148834064", "2776398702", "2777351106", "100243477" ], "author": [ "2142536406", "2141079968", "1995350452", "2618844909" ], "reference": [ "138435026", "244881707", "561573006", "566033388", "580887156", "1492973698", "1497119127", "1521275442", "1540474077", "1553676350", "1556478427", "1964676977", "1966814233", "1967946954", "1976137404", "1976616369", "1978622513", "1979001148", "1985501368", "1986503283", "1992604378", "1993161676", "1996859581", "2000684188", "2001594813", "2015958526", "2017677074", "2019922312", "2020833517", "2026017930", "2029150483", "2031645978", "2032720583", "2034096398", "2036887564", "2043755860", "2044336296", "2044658731", "2050219051", "2050693758", "2050895222", "2051190051", "2060908065", "2067544946", "2078646629", "2080298484", "2080917971", "2084269209", "2085260903", "2090813403", "2106643525", "2116560009", "2128253943", "2145049032", "2156846644", "2161942246", "2312510096", "2313563931", "2322070178", "2324187296", "2329978808", "2492383858", "2500148836", "2917035905", "3125554979", "3160117579" ], "abstract": "the landmark welfare legislation of 1996 offers students of politics a unique opportunity to pinpoint the determinants of state level policy choices a case in which the fifty states responded virtually simultaneously to a single policy mandate taking advantage of this opportunity we investigate the factors that led states to make restrictive policy choices after 1996 and use this analysis to evaluate general theories of welfare politics specifically we test six types of explanations for why some states responded by adopting get tough program rules theories that identify welfare policy as a site of ideological conflict as an outcome of electoral politics as a domain of policy innovation as an instrument of social control as an outlet for racial resentments and as an expression of moral values the results of our ordered and binary logit models suggest that state policies have been shaped by a variety of social and political forces but especially by the racial composition of families who rely on program benefits n 1996 the federal government passed legislation that transformed public assistance provision in the united states the personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act of 1996 prwora abolished the federal entitlement to aid that grew out of the social security act of 1935 and reached fruition through legal victories in the 1960s mink 1998 lurie 1997 in its place the federal government created temporary assistance for needy families tanf a system of block grants that gives states more freedom to select among policy tools but also imposes a forceful mandate to promote work reduce welfare usage and change poor people s behaviors albelda and tilly 1997 in this article we present a political analysis of the ways states responded to this new policy environment specifically we investigate the factors that shaped state level policy choices after 1996 and use this analysis as a basis for evaluating general explanations for welfare policy outcomes our study builds on a long tradition of quantitative research that has attempted to illuminate state level politics by asking why states adopt different welfare policies howard 1999 rom 1999 brace and jewitt 1995 peterson and rom 1990 plotnick and winters 1985 the analysis presented here however departs from prior work in two important respects first most state level research has sought to explain interstate differences in benefit levels and spending patterns howard 1999 424 425", "title_raw": "Setting the terms of relief: Explaining state policy choices in the devolution revolution", "abstract_raw": "The landmark welfare legislation of 1996 offers students of politics a unique opportunity to pinpoint the determinants of state-level policy choices-a case in which the fifty states responded virtually simultaneously to a single policy mandate. Taking advantage of this opportunity, we investigate the factors that led states to make restrictive policy choices after 1996 and use this analysis to evaluate general -theories of welfare politics. Specifically, we test six types of explanations for why some states responded by adopting 'get-tough\" program rules: theories that identify welfare policy as a site of ideological conflict, as an outcome of electoral politics, as a domain of policy innovation, as an instrument of social control, as an outlet for racial resentments, and as an expression of moral values. The results of our ordered and binary logit models suggest that state policies have been shaped by a variety of social and political forces, but especially by the racial composition of families who rely on program benefits. n 1996, the federal government passed legislation that transformed public assistance provision in the United States. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) abolished the federal entitlement to aid that grew out of the Social Security Act of 1935 and reached fruition through legal victories in the 1960s (Mink 1998; Lurie 1997). In its place, the federal government created Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), a system of block grants that gives states more freedom to select among policy tools but also imposes a forceful mandate to promote work, reduce welfare usage, and change poor people's behaviors (Albelda and Tilly 1997). In this article, we present a political analysis of the ways states responded to this new policy environment. Specifically, we investigate the factors that shaped state-level policy choices after 1996 and use this analysis as a basis for evaluating general explanations for welfare policy outcomes. Our study builds on a long tradition of quantitative research that has attempted to illuminate state-level politics by asking why states adopt different welfare policies (Howard 1999; Rom 1999; Brace and Jewitt 1995; Peterson and Rom 1990; Plotnick and Winters 1985). The analysis presented here, however, departs from prior work in two important respects. First, most state-level research has sought to explain interstate differences in benefit levels and spending patterns (Howard 1999, 424-425;" }, { "paper": "2159564463", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2001", "title": "chaos in afghanistan famine aid and bombs", "label": [ "173145845", "2778589402" ], "author": [ "2106277962", "2799577766" ], "reference": [ "1963872464", "1985497821", "2079046030" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Chaos in Afghanistan: famine, aid, and bombs.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1979816052", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2001", "title": "the fate of national health insurance in canada and the united states a multiple streams explanation", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2037114837" ], "reference": [ "179189590", "1965557756", "2010188244", "2020767567", "2029332309", "2033643458", "2045265066", "2313986395", "2318888800", "2411985375", "2418185500", "2498215849", "2886487474" ], "abstract": "this article uses the multiple streams lens to describe why canada eventually adopted national health insurance in the 1960s compared with the most recent attempt at adopting national health insurance in the united states the analysis strengthens the lens by paying close attention to the impact of differing institutional frameworks on the streams it is found that the lens provides a useful description of the complexity of policymaking pointing out critical elements in the process that are often overlooked", "title_raw": "The Fate of National Health Insurance in Canada and the United States: A Multiple Streams Explanation", "abstract_raw": "This article uses the multiple streams lens to describe why Canada eventually adopted national health insurance in the 1960s, compared with the most recent attempt at adopting national health insurance in the United States. The analysis strengthens the lens by paying close attention to the impact of differing institutional frameworks on the streams. It is found that the lens provides a useful description of the complexity of policymaking, pointing out critical elements in the process that are often overlooked." }, { "paper": "2171572197", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2001", "title": "inclusion in regeneration a place for disabled people", "label": [ "148592440", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2233072768" ], "reference": [ "619744835", "623650680", "1588631528", "1607947946", "1971233776", "1972938601", "2014323325", "2024408599", "2025023022", "2026474934", "2026505407", "2034178742", "2041830006", "2042467902", "2043156912", "2057446498", "2061546296", "2076733229", "2086675844", "2089783836", "2090835334", "2096936328", "2143484356", "2150528358", "2500695956", "2992888441" ], "abstract": "since 1994 the single regeneration budget srb has been one of the british government s main policy tools in tackling inequality within britain s cities srb partnerships seek collaboration between public private and community sectors but for some minority groups such inclusionary intentions have proved to be more rhetoric than reality drawing on a questionnaire sent to 200 srb partnerships across britain this paper addresses disabled people s involvement in srb partnerships as people who experience multiple forms of exclusion from contemporary society it would seem imperative that they should have a stake in local regeneration initiatives the paper explores the extent form of and barriers to disabled people s involvement and consultation in the srb and challenges the notion that srb partnerships are inclusive to all sectors", "title_raw": "Inclusion in regeneration: a place for disabled people?", "abstract_raw": "Since 1994, the Single Regeneration Budget (SRB) has been one of the British government's main policy tools in tackling inequality within Britain's cities. SRB partnerships seek collaboration between public, private and community sectors but, for some minority groups, such inclusionary intentions have proved to be more rhetoric than reality. Drawing on a questionnaire sent to 200 SRB partnerships across Britain, this paper addresses disabled people's involvement in SRB partnerships. As people who experience multiple forms of exclusion from contemporary society, it would seem imperative that they should have a stake in local regeneration initiatives. The paper explores the extent, form of and barriers to, disabled people's involvement and consultation in the SRB, and challenges the notion that SRB partnerships are inclusive to all sectors." }, { "paper": "2012006240", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2001", "title": "intervening in africa superpower peacemaking in a troubled continent by herman j cohen basingstoke macmillan and new york st martin s press 2000 pp 268 45 00", "label": [ "2775842811", "2780219775" ], "author": [ "2664338954" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Intervening in Africa: superpower peacemaking in a troubled continent by HERMAN J. COHEN Basingstoke: Macmillan, and New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000. Pp. 268. \u00a345.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1938076597", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "u s science policy former advisers fret over ostp vacancy", "label": [ "197487636", "148834064", "3116431", "2776742560", "2780328347" ], "author": [ "1893168251" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "u s science policycambridge massachusetts although billed as a celebration the largest gathering of u s presidential science advisers had more the air of a wake meeting here last week the former government officials were all too aware that a new administration is busy making critical decisions without benefit of the kind of scientific advice that has guided most presidents in the past half century", "title_raw": "U.S. science policy. Former advisers fret over OSTP vacancy.", "abstract_raw": "U.S. SCIENCE POLICYCAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS-- Although billed as a celebration, the largest gathering of U.S. presidential science advisers had more the air of a wake. Meeting here last week, the former government officials were all too aware that a new Administration is busy making critical decisions without benefit of the kind of scientific advice that has guided most presidents in the past half-century." }, { "paper": "2282186662", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2001", "title": "elections in japan korea and taiwan under the single non transferable vote the comparative study of embedded institution edited by bernard grofman sung chull lee edwin a winckler and brian woodall ann arbor university of michigan press 1999 495p 74 50", "label": [ "96316394", "555826173", "2780510313", "2780468282", "137355542", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2697907784" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "under an electoral system of single nontransferable vote sntv with multiple seat districts each voter can cast only one vote and only for one candidate surplus votes cannot be transferred between candidates and seats go to those candi dates with the plurality of votes initially crafted by japanese oligarchs in 1900 this unique system was continuously em ployed for japan s lower house elections till 1995 with a brief interlude during the allied occupation the sntv system has been in use in taiwan since world war ii and was adopted in korea during the fourth and the fifth republic 1973 88 it is ironic that academic interest in this electoral system should increase just when it is being abandoned in its birthplace japan in a fin de siecle political act that also ended political dominance of the ruling liberal democratic party ldp", "title_raw": "Elections in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan under the Single Non-Transferable Vote: The Comparative Study of Embedded Institution. Edited by Bernard Grofman, Sung-Chull Lee, Edwin A. Winckler, and Brian Woodall. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999. 495p. $74.50.", "abstract_raw": "Under an electoral system of single nontransferable vote\n (SNTV) with multiple-seat districts, each voter can cast only\n one vote and only for one candidate, surplus votes cannot be\n transferred between candidates, and seats go to those candi-\n dates with the plurality of votes. Initially crafted by Japanese\n oligarchs in 1900, this unique system was continuously em-\n ployed for Japan's lower house elections till 1995, with a brief\n interlude during the Allied occupation. The SNTV system\n has been in use in Taiwan since World War II and was\n adopted in Korea during the Fourth and the Fifth Republic\n (1973\u00ad88). It is ironic that academic interest in this electoral\n system should increase just when it is being abandoned in its\n birthplace, Japan, in a fin-de-siecle political act that also\n ended political dominance of the ruling Liberal Democratic\n Party (LDP)." }, { "paper": "2029266340", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2001", "title": "sa adu zungur an anthology of the social and political writings of a nigerian nationalist by a m yakubu kaduna nigerian defence academy press 1999 xiv 453pp naira 1600 paperback isbn 978 32929 0 0", "label": [ "521449643", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1973365959" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sa'adu Zungur: An anthology of the social and political writings of a Nigerian nationalist, by A. M. Yakubu. Kaduna: Nigerian Defence Academy Press, 1999. xiv + 453pp. Naira 1600 paperback. ISBN 978\u201032929\u20100\u20100.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2036055047", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2001", "title": "beyond impunity can international criminal justice prevent future atrocities", "label": [ "46295352", "200113983", "2780224667", "199539241", "139621336", "34355311", "102587632", "2776446040", "2778494365" ], "author": [ "2423219759" ], "reference": [ "143490344", "1522342511", "1555823648", "1587502636", "1992218955", "2029509286", "2043162212", "2795914417", "2993443771", "3021246088", "3124543438", "3140831273" ], "abstract": "although still in the early stages of their institutional life die international criminal tribunals for the former yugoslavia icty and for rwanda ictr provide a unique empirical basis for evaluating the impact of international criminaljustice on postconflict peace building the pursuit of justice may be dismissed as a well intentioned but futile ritualistic attempt to restore equilibrium to a moral universe overwhelmed by evil moreover measuring the capacity of punishment to prevent criminal conduct is an elusive undertaking especially when a society is gripped by widespread habitual violence and an inverted morality has elevated otherwise deviant crimes to the highest expression of group loyalty yet an appreciation of die determinate causes of such large scale violence demonstrates that stigmatization of criminal conduct may have far reaching consequences promoting postconflict reconciliation and changing die broader rules of international relations and legitimacy", "title_raw": "Beyond Impunity: Can International Criminal Justice Prevent Future Atrocities?", "abstract_raw": "Although still in the early stages of their institutional life, die International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and for Rwanda (ICTR) provide a unique empirical basis for evaluating the impact of international criminaljustice on postconflict peace building. The pursuit of justice may be dismissed as a well-intentioned, but futile, ritualistic attempt to restore equilibrium to a moral universe overwhelmed by evil. Moreover, measuring the capacity of punishment to prevent criminal conduct is an elusive undertaking, especially when a society is gripped by widespread habitual violence and an inverted morality has elevated otherwise \u201cdeviant\u201d crimes to the highest expression of group loyalty. Yet an appreciation of die determinate causes of such large-scale violence demonstrates that stigmatization of criminal conduct may have far-reaching consequences, promoting postconflict reconciliation and changing die broader rules of international relations and legitimacy." }, { "paper": "2097409310", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2001", "title": "local elites and transition in russia adaptation or competition", "label": [ "555826173", "542948173", "2775987171", "2781046721", "189464175", "94625758", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2149122714", "2229851238" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Local elites and transition in Russia: adaptation or competition?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2086343451", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2001", "title": "uk government pledges support for health workers to tackle health inequalities", "label": [ "185618831", "46578552", "148834064", "193395930", "2250968", "47344431" ], "author": [ "2112639148" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "UK government pledges support for health workers to tackle health inequalities.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1929290373", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2001", "title": "lessons from the study of scholarly communication for the new information era", "label": [ "34974158", "2777462167", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2135733090" ], "reference": [ "288696326", "1502011735", "1518101824", "1527158899", "1983535062", "2002193884", "2062571617", "2077807915", "2082514985", "2094555175", "2103588495", "2113504382", "2124170246", "2145962555", "2441679844", "2506939865" ], "abstract": "the rich body of literature examining communications flow in the research context an area where professor belver griffith made major contributions has very direct relevance to the relatively newly emerging recognition in the business community of the importance of knowledge creation and deployment to the competitive performance of an organization this essay examines and delineates some of those lessons specifically the tension between open and rich communications versus the need to protect intellectual property the importance of environmental awareness and serendipity and achieving the correct balance with efficient use of information searching time the importance of end user training and crafting the balance in knowledge management between codifications and personalization", "title_raw": "Lessons from the study of scholarly communication for the new information era", "abstract_raw": "The rich body of literature examining communications flow in the research context, an area where Professor Belver Griffith made major contributions, has very direct relevance to the relatively newly emerging recognition in the business community of the importance of knowledge creation and deployment to the competitive performance of an organization. This essay examines and delineates some of those lessons, specifically the tension between open and rich communications versus the need to protect intellectual property; the importance of environmental awareness and serendipity, and achieving the correct balance with efficient use of information searching time; the importance of end-user training; and crafting the balance in knowledge management between codifications and personalization." }, { "paper": "2771080964", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2001", "title": "a changing united nations multilateral evolution and the quest for global governance by w andy knight new york palgrave 2000 257p 65 00", "label": [ "2776310101" ], "author": [ "2660240193" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Changing United Nations: Multilateral Evolution and the Quest for Global Governance. By W. Andy Knight. New York: Palgrave, 2000. 257p. $65.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1964575890", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2001", "title": "the end of mexico s one party regime", "label": [ "520049643", "68346564", "197487636", "2778431023", "2780668109", "2779220109", "83009810" ], "author": [ "9198008" ], "reference": [ "1512676718", "2077891690", "2082462266", "2425952164", "2738271627" ], "abstract": "vicente fox s unexpected victory in mexico s july 2 2000 presidential elections put a definitive end to mexico s one party regime until now the longest ruling party in the world the institutional revolutionary party pri failed to turn out those who have traditionally voted for pri in numbers adequate to match the millions of mexicans who voted for change by supporting fox the fox win means that mexico has accomplished the rare feat of ending an authoritarian regime by voting it out of office an event that comes at the end of a process of building an electoral opposition to the former ruling party that stretches back nearly a quarter century however while fox defeated his pri rival francisco labastida by a healthy six point margin 42 5 to 36 1 of votes cast he failed to sweep in a majority of legislators from his alliance for change a coalition of fox s national action party pan and the mexican green party pvem thus fox faces a congress in which he will need constantly to build majorities to support his legislative program and in which the threat of a deadlock will loom continually", "title_raw": "The End of Mexico's One-Party Regime", "abstract_raw": "Vicente Fox's unexpected victory in Mexico's July 2, 2000 presidential elections put a definitive end to Mexico's one-party regime. Until now the longest ruling party in the world, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) failed to turn out those who have traditionally voted for PRI in numbers adequate to match the millions of Mexicans who voted for change by supporting Fox. The Fox win means that Mexico has accomplished the rare feat of ending an authoritarian regime by voting it out of office, an event that comes at the end of a process of building an electoral opposition to the former ruling party that stretches back nearly a quarter century. However, while Fox defeated his PRI rival, Francisco Labastida, by a healthy six-point margin\u201442.5 to 36.1% of votes cast\u2014he failed to sweep in a majority of legislators from his Alliance for Change (a coalition of Fox's National Action Party [PAN] and the Mexican Green Party [PVEM]). Thus, Fox faces a congress in which he will need constantly to build majorities to support his legislative program and in which the threat of a deadlock will loom continually." }, { "paper": "2801556087", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2001", "title": "islam and politics in kenya", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2042686955", "2801584883" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Islam and Politics in Kenya", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2001602671", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "women in science court to hear charges by harvard researcher", "label": [ "107062074", "199539241", "2775987171", "2776119841", "71043370", "2780208285" ], "author": [ "1893168251" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "boston harvard university goes to court next week to defend itself in a sex discrimination suit brought by a researcher at its school of public health barring an unexpected last minute settlement it would be the first such case against harvard brought to trial by a scientist and only the second such case to be heard by a jury it will also shine a spotlight on harvard provost harvey fineberg who attended last month9s meeting on equitable treatment of women at elite u s research universities", "title_raw": "Women in science. Court to hear charges by Harvard researcher.", "abstract_raw": "BOSTON-- Harvard University goes to court next week to defend itself in a sex-discrimination suit brought by a researcher at its school of public health. Barring an unexpected last-minute settlement, it would be the first such case against Harvard brought to trial by a scientist and only the second such case to be heard by a jury. It will also shine a spotlight on Harvard Provost Harvey Fineberg, who attended last month9s meeting on equitable treatment of women at elite U.S. research universities." }, { "paper": "2321962418", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2001", "title": "feminism and citizenship rian voet", "label": [ "2777688943", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2692827162" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Feminism and Citizenship. Rian Voet", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2060376158", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2001", "title": "presidential power in fifth republic france by david s bell", "label": [ "197487636", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2327348213" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Presidential Power in Fifth Republic France by David S. Bell", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2039527823", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2001", "title": "a new approach to neighbourhood renewal in england", "label": [ "148834064", "536738050", "189326681", "134659438" ], "author": [ "2207239847" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this paper summarises the comprehensive approach to tackling the problems of poor neighbourhoods developed by the british government s social exclusion unit seu it analyses neighbourhood decline and why it has occurred and describes the seu s national strategy for neighbourhood renewal which is focused on improving public services in england building inclusive partnerships locally that focus on community needs and using new data to target help where it is most needed it shows how the strategy is based on proven initiatives and underpinned with significant new funding", "title_raw": "A New Approach to Neighbourhood Renewal in England", "abstract_raw": "This paper summarises the comprehensive approach to tackling the problems of poor neighbourhoods developed by the British government's Social Exclusion Unit (SEU). It analyses neighbourhood decline and why it has occurred, and describes the SEU's National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal, which is focused on improving public services in England, building inclusive partnerships locally that focus on community needs and using new data to target help where it is most needed. It shows how the strategy is based on proven initiatives and underpinned with significant new funding." }, { "paper": "2080860766", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2001", "title": "the limits of electoral democracy in ukraine", "label": [ "2779111050", "555826173", "2776847301", "68346564", "522996594", "2781440851", "199539241", "94625758", "513891491" ], "author": [ "1990368082" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in the past two years ukraine has held new elections for both its parliament and president some might claim that these elections are evidence of democratic progress however elections are only a necessary not sufficient component of democracy and to make judgements about democratic consolidation solely on the basis of elections is to fall victim to the fallacy of electoralism while it is true that ukraine does possess an electoral democracy democratic consolidation remains elusive and is susceptible to a variety of problems these include a weak civil society and weak political parties regional divisions unstable political institutions and a lack of the rule of law by some measures ukraine may even have regressed from 1994 as an oligarchy has consolidated itself and authoritarian trends are readily discernible", "title_raw": "The Limits of Electoral Democracy in Ukraine", "abstract_raw": "In the past two years Ukraine has held new elections for both its parliament and president. Some might claim that these elections are evidence of democratic progress. However, elections are only a necessary, not sufficient component of democracy, and to make judgements about democratic consolidation solely on the basis of elections is to fall victim to the fallacy of 'electoralism'. While it is true that Ukraine does possess an electoral democracy, democratic consolidation remains elusive and is susceptible to a variety of problems. These include a weak civil society and weak political parties, regional divisions, unstable political institutions and a lack of the rule of law. By some measures Ukraine may even have regressed from 1994, as an oligarchy has consolidated itself and authoritarian trends are readily discernible." }, { "paper": "2071481019", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2001", "title": "revisiting florida 2000 introduction", "label": [ "2776129789", "3116431", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2151336104", "2091392168" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the controversy over the vote count in the u s presidential election gripped the attention of the world six leading election experts from the united states and abroad discuss the causes of the debacle and offer some remedies", "title_raw": "Revisiting Florida 2000: Introduction", "abstract_raw": "The controversy over the vote count in the U.S. presidential election gripped the attention of the world. Six leading election experts from the United States and abroad discuss the causes of the debacle and offer some remedies." }, { "paper": "1977931453", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2001", "title": "congress the electoral connection reflections on its first quarter century", "label": [ "2778061430", "2778521920" ], "author": [ "2658219497" ], "reference": [ "1497013238", "2094647264", "2164540423" ], "abstract": "david mayhew s two wonderful essays that constitute congress the electoral connection have withstood the test of time admirably well my thoughts will be organized around two quotations taken from his book because they reflect the two most remarkable aspects of the book s success its impact on scholarship over its first quarter century and its durable portrait that suggest it will continue to resonate perhaps with amendment over the coming years and decades", "title_raw": "Congress: The Electoral Connection: Reflections on Its First Quarter-Century", "abstract_raw": "David Mayhew's two wonderful essays that constitute Congress: The Electoral Connection have withstood the test of time admirably well. My thoughts will be organized around two quotations taken from his book, because they reflect the two most remarkable aspects of the book's success: its impact on scholarship over its first quarter-century, and its durable portrait that suggest it will continue to resonate\u2014perhaps with amendment\u2014over the coming years and decades." }, { "paper": "1971433783", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2001", "title": "what motivates bureaucrats politics and administration during the reagan years by marissa martino golden", "label": [ "3116431", "94625758", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2475851292" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "What Motivates Bureaucrats? Politics and Administration During the Reagan Years by Marissa Martino Golden", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2012878431", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "stem cell research needs united support", "label": [ "2776742560", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2663319193" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the controversy over the use of human embryonic stem cells has received renewed public attention as the current administration debates whether to allow federal funds for this biomedical research scientists naturally worry that federal guidelines will be overturned and researchers will be barred from the use of federal money in their editorial disappearing stem cells disappearing science 27 apr p 601 1 irving l weissman and david baltimore address the implications that such a reversal would have and highlight the reasons for scientists concern as the editorial indicates this research has vast potential with regard to human health issues on the policy side however there is room for improvement clear national institutes of health guidelines are crucial to allow scientists to proceed with pluripotent stem cell research which offers hope to millions of u s citizens who suffer from debilitating and deadly diseases such guidelines would provide appropriate public oversight for stem cell research and offer the best assurance that the research will be of the highest quality congresswoman carolyn maloney d ny and i have introduced a resolution expressing the sense of congress that federal funding for pluripotent stem cell research should be allowed to move forward 1 2 as a community scientists have a great deal of influence but only if they choose to wield it both politicians and the public need to hear from the scientific community i urge you to speak out together we can find support for this research and forge policies that recognize the moral ethical and societal concerns without handicapping the science 1 3 h con res 17 107th cong 2001 text available through 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 292 5517 601 2 ref 1 3 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text", "title_raw": "Stem cell research needs united support.", "abstract_raw": "The controversy over the use of human embryonic stem cells has received renewed public attention as the current administration debates whether to allow federal funds for this biomedical research. Scientists naturally worry that federal guidelines will be overturned and researchers will be barred from the use of federal money. In their Editorial \u201cDisappearing stem cells, disappearing science\u201d (27 Apr., p. [601][1]), Irving L. Weissman and David Baltimore address the implications that such a reversal would have and highlight the reasons for scientists' concern.\n\nAs the Editorial indicates, this research has vast potential with regard to human health issues. On the policy side, however, there is room for improvement. Clear National Institutes of Health guidelines are crucial to allow scientists to proceed with pluripotent stem cell research, which offers hope to millions of U.S. citizens who suffer from debilitating and deadly diseases. Such guidelines would provide appropriate public oversight for stem cell research and offer the best assurance that the research will be of the highest quality. Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney (D-NY) and I have introduced a resolution expressing the sense of Congress that federal funding for pluripotent stem cell research should be allowed to move forward ([1][2]).\n\nAs a community, scientists have a great deal of influence, but only if they choose to wield it. Both politicians and the public need to hear from the scientific community: I urge you to speak out. Together, we can find support for this research and forge policies that recognize the moral, ethical, and societal concerns without handicapping the science.\n\n1. [\u21b5][3]H. Con. Res. 17, 107th Cong. (2001). Text available through .\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.292.5517.601\n [2]: #ref-1\n [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1 in text\"" }, { "paper": "1989175674", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2001", "title": "assessing poll performance in the 2000 campaign", "label": [ "59742305", "94625758", "199539241", "2778272461" ], "author": [ "2490815170" ], "reference": [ "1563671767", "1978288528", "2031853586", "2037720779", "2095501550", "2136025253", "2318552107" ], "abstract": "the 2000 election campaign saw more polls and more reporting of polls than ever before even leaving aside the controversy surrounding the election night projections especially the double calls and retractions in florida that prompted congressional hearings social and political critics and commentators found a lot to be concerned about in the use of polls in last year s election coverage harwood and crossen 2000 kohut 2000 2001 perkins 2000 plissner 2000 robertson 2001 severin 2000 but these concerns were more about tracking polls and instant polls than about the final preelection estimates of the outcomes the final outcome of the election was very close decided by 5 percent of the popular vote al gore won the popular vote but george w bush became the forty third president of the united states when he was awarded florida s 25 electoral votes on december 12 by a late night u s supreme court decision in such a tight race estimating the outcome was an especially difficult task most of the final polls did in fact suggest an outcome too close to call although a majority showed bush ahead at the end the collection of final preelection poll estimates differed from the equivalent results in 1996 when all predicted the correct winner of the popular vote but had a larger margin of error from the final vote tally mitofsky 1998 for most of the 2000 general election campaign the national pollsters knew the outcome was going to be close even though journalists often reported statistically insignificant leads or changes in the lead their final preelection", "title_raw": "Assessing poll performance in the 2000 campaign.", "abstract_raw": "The 2000 election campaign saw more polls and more reporting of polls than ever before. Even leaving aside the controversy surrounding the election night projections, especially the double calls and retractions in Florida that prompted congressional hearings, social and political critics and commentators found a lot to be concerned about in the use of polls in last year's election coverage (Harwood and Crossen 2000; Kohut 2000, 2001; Perkins 2000; Plissner 2000; Robertson 2001; Severin 2000). But these concerns were more about tracking polls and instant polls than about the final preelection estimates of the outcomes. The final outcome of the election was very close, decided by .5 percent of the popular vote.' Al Gore won the popular vote, but George W. Bush became the forty-third president of the United States when he was awarded Florida's 25 electoral votes on December 12 by a late-night U.S. Supreme Court decision. In such a tight race, estimating the outcome was an especially difficult task. Most of the final polls did in fact suggest an outcome too close to call, although a majority showed Bush ahead at the end. The collection of final preelection poll estimates differed from the equivalent results in 1996, when all predicted the correct winner of the popular vote but had a larger margin of error from the final vote tally (Mitofsky 1998). For most of the 2000 general election campaign, the national pollsters knew the outcome was going to be close, even though journalists often reported statistically insignificant leads or changes in the lead. Their final preelection" }, { "paper": "3121399938", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2001", "title": "beyond transnational governance", "label": [ "2779407595", "2779777834", "2776398702", "2777838212", "70036468", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2099755627" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "references to world government have long been treated as utopian notions held by a few visionaries this much dismissed vision is re examined here in light of the fact that self determination based on national governments to the extent that it existed a generation ago is increasingly curtailed by transnational developments weapons of mass destruction and the means to build them are traded across national borders hate materials drugs guns and child pornography banned in one country are readily accessed via the internet in others civil war in one country for example yugoslavia threatens others with massive immigration crime is increasingly organized across state lines and is on the rise 1 women and children are sold across borders into slavery for sex and forced labour 2 a currency collapse in russia thailand or indonesia rattles the world s financial markets a computer virus set loose in the philippines causes worldwide disruptions supranational corporations shift capital and jobs from one nation to another circumventing national policies regulations and taxes while these problems and others like them differ greatly from one another they have one common denominator the national institutions that are supposed to express people s preferences in these matters are increasingly ineffective in coping with them this article takes for granted that the old functional approach is properly discredited that the fact that there is a growing need for some different form for managing transnational problems does not mean that a new system will necessarily develop nor does it mean that world government is necessarily the only or the likely response even if some new global architecture does arise rather the discussion focuses on recent changes in global architecture whether they might suffice to deal with the increase in transnational problems and the different types of global architecture that could arise in response to the future escalation of these problems intergovernmental system is overloadedreference was made to the decreasing ability of national governments to cope with rising problems that are increasingly transnational in nature the same holds true for the old international system based on bi or multilateral agreements by national governments and on international organizations composed of national governments largely because the old system is not well suited for a high volume of significant governing activities one major reason for the increasing inadequacy of the old international system is that it is largely an intergovernmental one that draws on formal procedures relies on decision making by representatives of national governments and involves large numbers of actors in this system worldwide policies are formed as is well known through negotiations via accredited diplomats or other national representatives sometimes involving as many as two hundred nations diplomats must consult with and receive instructions from home based authorities the department of state and the white house in the united states or their equivalents in other countries significant parts of these agreements must be ratified by national legislatures which takes years often they are not ratified at all or demand further adaptation which then requires years more of inter national negotiations moreover when agreements finally are reached they are often not honoured or are openly breached frequently the mechanisms for enforcement either do not exist or are themselves cumbersome slow and weak and can handle only a small volume of traffic the argument may be made that the north american free trade association nafta the general agreement on tariffs and trade gatt and the world trade organization wto have worked reasonably well 3 however one should note that trade is different in character from most other transnational issues 4 and it is hence a mistake to generalize from the experience of trade treaties and organizations to other transnational treaties and organizations", "title_raw": "Beyond Transnational Governance", "abstract_raw": "REFERENCES TO WORLD GOVERNMENT have long been treated as utopian notions held by a few visionaries. This much-dismissed vision is re-examined here in light of the fact that self-determination based on national governments, to the extent that it existed a generation ago, is increasingly curtailed by transnational developments. Weapons of mass destruction (and the means to build them) are traded across national borders. Hate materials, drugs, guns, and child pornography banned in one country are readily accessed via the internet in others. Civil war in one country (for example, Yugoslavia) threatens others with massive immigration. Crime is increasingly organized across state lines and is on the rise.(1) Women and children are sold across borders into slavery for sex and forced labour.(2) A currency collapse in Russia, Thailand, or Indonesia rattles the world's financial markets. A computer virus set loose in the Philippines causes worldwide disruptions. Supranational corporations shift capital and jobs from one nation to another, circumventing national policies, regulations, and taxes. While these problems and others like them differ greatly from one another, they have one common denominator: the national institutions that are supposed to express people's preferences in these matters are increasingly ineffective in coping with them.This article takes for granted that the old functional approach is properly discredited, that the fact that there is a growing need for some different form for managing transnational problems does not mean that a new system will necessarily develop. Nor does it mean that world government is necessarily the only or the likely response, even if some new global architecture does arise. Rather, the discussion focuses on recent changes in global architecture, whether they might suffice to deal with the increase in transnational problems, and the different types of global architecture that could arise in response to the future escalation of these problems.INTERGOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM IS OVERLOADEDReference was made to the decreasing ability of national governments to cope with rising problems that are increasingly transnational in nature. The same holds true for the old international system, based on bi- or multilateral agreements by national governments and on international organizations composed of national governments, largely because the old system is not well suited for a high volume of significant governing activities.One major reason for the increasing inadequacy of the old international system is that it is largely an intergovernmental one that draws on formal procedures, relies on decision-making by representatives of national governments, and involves large numbers of actors. In this system, worldwide policies are formed - as is well known - through negotiations, via accredited diplomats or other national representatives, sometimes involving as many as two hundred nations. Diplomats must consult with and receive instructions from home-based authorities (the Department of State and the White House in the United States or their equivalents in other countries). Significant parts of these agreements must be ratified by national legislatures, which takes years. Often they are not ratified at all or demand further adaptation, which then requires years more of inter-national negotiations.Moreover, when agreements finally are reached, they are often not honoured or are openly breached; frequently, the mechanisms for enforcement either do not exist or are themselves cumbersome, slow, and weak and can handle only a small volume of traffic. The argument may be made that the North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the World Trade Organization (WTO) have worked reasonably well.(3) However, one should note that trade is different in character from most other transnational issues,(4) and it is hence a mistake to generalize from the experience of trade treaties and organizations to other transnational treaties and organizations. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2034748530", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2001", "title": "the politics of pension reform institutions and change in western europe by guiliano bonoli", "label": [ "94625758", "2780899237" ], "author": [ "2123116807" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Pension Reform: Institutions and Change in Western Europe by Guiliano Bonoli", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2974852395", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2001", "title": "h w brands editor the foreign policies of lyndon johnson beyond vietnam foreign relations and the presidency number 1 college station texas a m university press 1999 pp 194 29 95", "label": [ "2781243023", "44394981" ], "author": [ "2697734983" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "H. W. Brands, editor. The Foreign Policies of Lyndon Johnson: Beyond Vietnam. (Foreign Relations and the Presidency, number 1.) College Station: Texas A&M University Press. 1999. Pp. 194. $29.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2082125888", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2001", "title": "filled with spirit and power protestant clergy in politics by laura r olson albany state university of new york press 2000 174p 57 50 cloth 18 95 paper", "label": [ "111021475", "2776398702", "94625758", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2614550762" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Filled with Spirit and Power: Protestant Clergy in Politics. By Laura R. Olson. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000. 174p. $57.50 cloth, $18.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1547250434", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2001", "title": "institutional constraints and policy choice an exploration of local governance by j c clingermayer and r c feiock", "label": [ "2778719706", "2778847159", "94625758", "2778061430", "172641521" ], "author": [ "1987059256" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "for more than twenty years urban scholars have debated whether economic determinism and its fiscal implications trump municipal political action in local government policy choices in a very real sense the debate is about whether local politics matters somewhat lost in this discussion although not entirely is an issue that was once at the forefront of urban scholarship the role of institutional structures with the maturing theoretical interest in the new institutionalism the time is ripe to revisit this area and determine whether institutional structures matter according to james clingermayer and richard feiock they do", "title_raw": "Institutional Constraints and Policy Choice: An Exploration of Local Governance, by J.C. Clingermayer and R.C. Feiock", "abstract_raw": "For more than twenty years, urban scholars have debated\n whether economic determinism and its fiscal implications\n trump municipal political action in local government policy\n choices. In a very real sense, the debate is about whether\n local politics matters. Somewhat lost in this discussion,\n although not entirely, is an issue that was once at the\n forefront of urban scholarship: the role of institutional\n structures. With the maturing theoretical interest in the new\n institutionalism, the time is ripe to revisit this area and\n determine whether institutional structures matter. According\n to James Clingermayer and Richard Feiock, they do." }, { "paper": "2945872250", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2001", "title": "richard drayton nature s government science imperial britain and the improvement of the world new haven yale university press 2000 pp xxi 346 40 00", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2503049155" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Richard Drayton. Nature's Government: Science, Imperial Britain, and the Improvement' of the World. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2000. Pp. xxi, 346. $40.00", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2936942437", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2001", "title": "stuart banner legal systems in conflict property and sovereignty in missouri 1750 1860 legal history of north america number 7 norman university of oklahoma press 2000 pp xiii 206 39 95", "label": [ "186229450", "30730545", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2114268867" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Stuart Banner. Legal Systems in Conflict: Property and Sovereignty in Missouri, 1750\u20131860. (Legal History of North America, number 7.) Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 2000. Pp. xiii, 206. $39.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2914177636", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2001", "title": "dilek barlas etatism and diplomacy in turkey economic and foreign policy strategies in an uncertain world 1929 1939 the ottoman empire and its heritage politics society and economy number 14 new york e j brill 1998 pp xix 223", "label": [ "93377909", "557252395", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2507048822" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dilek Barlas. Etatism and Diplomacy in Turkey: Economic and Foreign Policy Strategies in an Uncertain World, 1929\u20131939. (The Ottoman Empire and Its Heritage: Politics, Society and Economy, number 14.) New York: E. J. Brill. 1998. Pp. xix, 223", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1989518312", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2001", "title": "to agree or not to agree leadership bargaining and arms control by lisa a baglione ann arbor university of michigan press 1999 215p 49 50 the politics of verification by nancy w gallagher baltimore md johns hopkins university press 1999 311p 45 00", "label": [ "538168058", "94625758", "196927870" ], "author": [ "2714340613" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "when the soviet union disappeared so did much of aca demic political science s interest in nuclear arms control this is unfortunate first the risk of nuclear war has not gone away and may be increasing because of nuclear proliferation second u s soviet cooperation on arms control was in many ways unexpected and it remains a useful laboratory for testing international relations theory", "title_raw": "To Agree or Not to Agree: Leadership, Bargaining, and Arms Control. By Lisa A. Baglione. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999. 215p. $49.50. The Politics of Verification. By Nancy W. Gallagher. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. 311p. $45.00.", "abstract_raw": "When the Soviet Union disappeared, so did much of aca-\n demic political science's interest in nuclear arms control. This\n is unfortunate. First, the risk of nuclear war has not gone\n away and may be increasing because of nuclear proliferation.\n Second, U.S.-Soviet cooperation on arms control was in\n many ways unexpected, and it remains a useful laboratory for\n testing international relations theory." }, { "paper": "2060299518", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "first bush budget may put science on diet", "label": [ "3116431", "2780966255", "451841" ], "author": [ "2343143953", "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "2002 spendingwhite house officials will release a preliminary spending proposal next week for the 2002 budget year that is expected to boost biomedical and military science but hold down new spending at the national science foundation nasa and the department of energy rumors about the plan which white house officials were still assembling as science went to press have alarmed some science groups and members of congress who were expecting spending hikes for nonbiomedical science as well", "title_raw": "First Bush Budget May Put Science on Diet", "abstract_raw": "2002 SPENDINGWhite House officials will release a preliminary spending proposal next week for the 2002 budget year that is expected to boost biomedical and military science but hold down new spending at the National Science Foundation, NASA, and the Department of Energy. Rumors about the plan, which White House officials were still assembling as Science went to press, have alarmed some science groups and members of Congress, who were expecting spending hikes for nonbiomedical science as well." }, { "paper": "2793298443", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2001", "title": "the political right in postauthoritarian brazil elites institutions and democratization by timothy j power university park pennsylvania state university press 2000 284p 55 00 cloth 19 95 paper", "label": [ "2776398702", "2776051254", "17058734", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2793751831" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Political Right in Postauthoritarian Brazil: Elites, Institutions, and Democratization. By Timothy J. Power. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000. 284p. $55.00 cloth, $19.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2028275946", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2001", "title": "government community relationships extending the relational theory of public relations", "label": [ "2781195187", "148834064", "539944628", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2460283532" ], "reference": [ "562462345", "629843232", "1260765329", "1485977648", "1496695453", "1606578576", "1976688845", "2004973093", "2011708431", "2015652520", "2040722831", "2055942833", "2057683109", "2069076617", "2093804816", "2165608832", "2281549448", "2494607702", "2797953497", "2999099443", "3005327832", "3005455345", "3006385486", "3011074188" ], "abstract": "abstract a study of government citizen relationships found that public relations can contribute to community building the study also found that the bruning ledingham relationship scale is an effective tool for assessing relationship quality and for predicting citizen behavior moreover social exchange was found to serve as a useful concept for explaining human behavior within the broader framework of relationship management further the study demonstrates the usefulness of the relational perspective as a paradigm for public relations", "title_raw": "Government-community relationships: extending the relational theory of public relations", "abstract_raw": "Abstract A study of government-citizen relationships found that public relations can contribute to community building. The study also found that the Bruning-Ledingham Relationship Scale is an effective tool for assessing relationship quality, and for predicting citizen behavior. Moreover, social exchange was found to serve as a useful concept for explaining human behavior within the broader framework of relationship management. Further, the study demonstrates the usefulness of the relational perspective as a paradigm for public relations." }, { "paper": "2002160971", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "nih s list of 64 leaves questions", "label": [ "199539241", "2778223634", "109511149", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2188333814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the national institutes of health has publicly posted the names of 10 companies or research groups in possession of 64 human embryonic stem cell lines that the u s government says meet its new criteria for federal funding but many are in early stages and scientists suspect that far fewer will prove to be of research quality", "title_raw": "NIH's List of 64 Leaves Questions", "abstract_raw": "The National Institutes of Health has publicly posted the names of 10 companies or research groups in possession of 64 human embryonic stem cell lines that the U.S. government says meet its new criteria for federal funding. But many are in early stages, and scientists suspect that far fewer will prove to be of research quality." }, { "paper": "2072302066", "venue": "107737141", "year": "2001", "title": "review essay first amendment law hate speech equality and freedom of expression", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2572437810" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review essay. First amendment law: hate speech, equality, and freedom of expression", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2093636894", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2001", "title": "china s use of force 1950 96 and taiwan", "label": [ "2776729102", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2651473888" ], "reference": [ "200450118", "322478419", "593540062", "636222397", "1572347329", "1974551316", "1992237896", "2007997566", "2029008424", "2039923941", "2051767447", "2072905344", "2073051162", "2077250558", "2107578151", "2122194975", "2133582892", "2133959655", "2138729258", "2149498636", "2153830610", "2155837276", "2242343769", "2319337037", "2499809709", "2800662148", "2801018934", "2801446160" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China's Use of Force, 1950-96, and Taiwan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2139121047", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2001", "title": "measuring power and presence bureaucratic representation in the american states", "label": [ "2776051254", "51575053", "3116431", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2628538016", "1921121334", "2126232965" ], "reference": [ "570775757", "619808496", "1513133905", "1547430151", "1964360161", "1978594020", "1999461840", "2012399762", "2063339550", "2070232536", "2079958939", "2092850956", "2095767191", "2115419400", "2143858135", "2148498618", "2321263465", "2321855036", "2326486230", "2327367102", "2329287526", "2333793036", "2337789440", "2470877707", "2795757525" ], "abstract": "this article introduces a new measure of bureaucratic representation that provides a more complete view of a demographic group s potential to be effectively represented by its members in a bureaucracy it does so by combining information about a group s overall presence in the bureaucracy penetration", "title_raw": "Measuring Power and Presence: Bureaucratic Representation in the American States", "abstract_raw": "This article introduces a new measure of bureaucratic representation that provides a more complete view of a demographic group's potential to be effectively represented by its members in a bureaucracy. It does so by combining information about a group's overall presence in the bureaucracy (penetration)" }, { "paper": "2074548525", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2001", "title": "self organized criticality a new theory of political behaviour and some of its implications", "label": [ "2780565519", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2679259270" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "adopting a particular non linear perspective resolves numerous paradoxes about collective political behaviour self organized criticality occurs if the sensitivity of individuals or groups to each other s actions increases with the passage of time and therefore sudden changes may occur as cascades in this way scandals betrayals miscalculations and other seemingly insignificant actions can sometimes cause cabinet dissolutions strikes riots electoral landslides wars and a multitude of other phenomena that until now have seemed to have had nothing in common", "title_raw": "Self-Organized Criticality: A New Theory of Political Behaviour and Some of Its Implications", "abstract_raw": "Adopting a particular non-linear perspective resolves numerous paradoxes about collective political behaviour. Self-organized criticality occurs if the sensitivity of individuals or groups to each other's actions increases with the passage of time, and, therefore, sudden changes may occur as cascades. In this way scandals, betrayals, miscalculations and other seemingly insignificant actions can sometimes cause cabinet dissolutions, strikes, riots, electoral landslides, wars and a multitude of other phenomena that, until now, have seemed to have had nothing in common." }, { "paper": "1985310603", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2001", "title": "conflict amid consensus in american trade policy by martha gibson", "label": [ "3116431", "140413371" ], "author": [ "2104705880" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Conflict Amid Consensus in American Trade Policy by Martha Gibson", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2062809891", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2001", "title": "the political and social implications of china s accession to the wto", "label": [ "186229450", "191935318", "94625758", "199776023" ], "author": [ "2649247508" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "there is no topic that is more hotly debated in china and more important to the country s future than the anticipated accession to the world trade organization wto after 13 years of efforts to achieve membership in the world trade body the united states and china finally reached agreement in november 1999 shortly thereafter the european union and china came to agreement and negotiations moved on to geneva where a working party is expected to formulate a protocol of accession that will allow china to enter the wto by late 2001 ironically after years of fuming that the west was trying to keep china out of the trade body the prospect of actually joining has set off a flurry of speculation over the impact on china s economy and many have begun questioning the benefits of membership many worry that china s industries will be exposed to crippling competition that farmers will be hurt by the import of cheap and better quality foreign wheat and corn and that china as a nation will become entangled in a global capitalist network that will erode the country s sovereignty and in the worst case scenario reduce china to an appendage of the west particularly the united states", "title_raw": "The Political and Social Implications of China's Accession to the WTO", "abstract_raw": "There is no topic that is more hotly debated in China and more important to the country's future than the anticipated accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). After 13 years of efforts to achieve membership in the world trade body, the United States and China finally reached agreement in November 1999; shortly thereafter the European Union and China came to agreement and negotiations moved on to Geneva where a working party is expected to formulate a protocol of accession that will allow China to enter the WTO by late 2001. Ironically, after years of fuming that the West was trying to keep China out of the trade body, the prospect of actually joining has set off a flurry of speculation over the impact on China's economy and many have begun questioning the benefits of membership. Many worry that China's industries will be exposed to crippling competition, that farmers will be hurt by the import of cheap (and better quality) foreign wheat and corn, and that China as a nation will become entangled in a global capitalist network that will erode the country's sovereignty and, in the worst case scenario, reduce China to an \u201cappendage\u201d of the West, particularly the United States." }, { "paper": "2023271428", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2001", "title": "how does direct democracy matter the impact of referendum votes on politics and policy making", "label": [ "501008422", "171368058", "2781462389", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2276787378" ], "reference": [ "162135371", "234531965", "576279518", "581143461", "584942335", "609961352", "615008908", "619585074", "626827225", "647205883", "652258912", "748771537", "764290220", "1515084217", "1537561353", "1564241113", "1565589301", "1965617381", "1968947038", "1972266942", "1977825494", "1979728805", "1984836217", "2005125545", "2011374191", "2011750252", "2017370561", "2020976621", "2028931358", "2034434183", "2048134870", "2049492949", "2063682722", "2067844392", "2087924388", "2130878881", "2146939041", "2157454557", "2301595275", "2334257163", "2485733171", "2795912174", "2796012129", "2959531397", "3005898555", "3042721652", "3124423022" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How does direct democracy matter? The impact of referendum votes on politics and policy\u2010making", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2023796790", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2001", "title": "drug war heresies learning from other vices times and places", "label": [ "22467394", "199539241", "134698397", "2993791327", "83645499", "2778506969" ], "author": [ "1833628523", "2142745071" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this book provides the first multidisciplinary and nonpartisan analysis of how the united states should decide on the legal status of cocaine heroin and marijuana it draws on data about the experiences of western european nations with less punitive drug policies as well as new analyses of america s experience with legal cocaine and heroin a century ago and of america s efforts to regulate gambling prostitution alcohol and cigarettes it offers projections on the likely consequences of a number of different legalization regimes and shows that the choice about how to regulate drugs involves complicated tradeoffs among goals and conflict among social groups the book presents a sophisticated discussion of how society should deal with the uncertainty about the consequences of legal change finally it explains in terms of individual attitudes toward risk why it is so difficult to accomplish substantial reform of drug policy in america", "title_raw": "Drug war heresies: learning from other vices, times and places.", "abstract_raw": "This book provides the first multidisciplinary and nonpartisan analysis of how the United States should decide on the legal status of cocaine, heroin and marijuana. It draws on data about the experiences of Western European nations with less punitive drug policies as well as new analyses of America's experience with legal cocaine and heroin a century ago, and of America's efforts to regulate gambling, prostitution, alcohol and cigarettes. It offers projections on the likely consequences of a number of different legalization regimes and shows that the choice about how to regulate drugs involves complicated tradeoffs among goals and conflict among social groups. The book presents a sophisticated discussion of how society should deal with the uncertainty about the consequences of legal change. Finally, it explains, in terms of individual attitudes toward risk, why it is so difficult to accomplish substantial reform of drug policy in America." }, { "paper": "2153830610", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2001", "title": "across the taiwan strait mainland china taiwan and the 1995 1996 crisis", "label": [ "107029721" ], "author": [ "2141391987" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Across the Taiwan Strait : Mainland China, Taiwan and the 1995-1996 Crisis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2089463387", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "the soviet legacy hoping software will help keep the peace", "label": [ "2778712577", "203133693", "199539241", "148834064", "2779965921", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2270633014" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "hundreds of russian nuclear scientists may soon find themselves writing commercial software in a novel bid to keep their weapons expertise from falling into the wrong hands the deal in the works for months may herald other initiatives aimed at blocking weapons proliferation in the wake of the 11 september terrorist attacks the arrangement announced in washington d c last week by the u s department of energy doe the kurchatov institute of atomic energy in moscow and their russian corporate partner is salve for a bruised u s nonproliferation effort in april the bush administration proposed cutting 100 million from a raft of doe programs to improve nuclear security in russia from securing plutonium stockpiles against potential smugglers to helping nuclear physicists find peaceful work science 1 june p 1632 1 last month s events however appear to have built stronger support for u s nonproliferation efforts the attacks crystallized the need to intensify cooperation to keep weapons expertise out of terrorists hands says u s representative curt weldon r pa an expert on russia a russian company luxoft along with its u s partner ctg inc will take the lead in retraining the scientists whose salaries will be paid by a 500 000 grant from the doe s initiatives for proliferation prevention ipp program previous projects in the 25 million a year ipp have typically paired u s companies directly with russian defense scientists nevertheless says doe s steven k black turning weapons scientists into computer programmers epitomizes the goal of the ipp figure 2 containment new project will retrain 150 scientists from the kurchatov institute above over the next 2 years credit ivan sekretarev ap the details of the kurchatov project which were being finalized in moscow on 11 september as the world trade center and the pentagon burned may also help stem a decade long decline at the institute its 5000 scientists half the peak number from the 1980s are seriously underpaid says boris stavisski a nuclear physicist who heads the kurchatov technopark which seeks to commercialize the institute s research although fewer than two dozen scientists will be involved in the project s first phase luxoft managing director dmitry loschinin says his firm expects to retrain 150 scientists over the next 2 years and perhaps 500 by 2006 stavisski concedes that it will be difficult to steer some older scientists onto a new path while others worry that such programs may fail to reach the creme of the weaponeers because the russian government isn t ready to have its finest weapons designers shifted to civilian work even so a new day may soon dawn for many other former soviet defense experts the bush administration is expected to propose several initiatives to expand r d collaboration and nonproliferation programs at a summit meeting next month in moscow between president george w bush and russian president vladimir putin it s a new era in our relationship says weldon one that requires a concerted effort to show russian scientists that there are opportunities outside of weapons development 1 lookup volpage 292 1632 2 pending yes", "title_raw": "The Soviet legacy. Hoping software will help keep the peace.", "abstract_raw": "Hundreds of Russian nuclear scientists may soon find themselves writing commercial software in a novel bid to keep their weapons expertise from falling into the wrong hands. The deal, in the works for months, may herald other initiatives aimed at blocking weapons proliferation in the wake of the 11 September terrorist attacks.\n\nThe arrangement\u2014announced in Washington, D.C., last week by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy in Moscow, and their Russian corporate partner\u2014is salve for a bruised U.S. nonproliferation effort. In April, the Bush Administration proposed cutting $100 million from a raft of DOE programs to improve nuclear security in Russia, from securing plutonium stockpiles against potential smugglers to helping nuclear physicists find peaceful work ( Science , 1 June, p. [1632][1]). Last month's events, however, appear to have built stronger support for U.S. nonproliferation efforts. The attacks \u201ccrystallized the need to intensify cooperation\u201d to keep weapons expertise out of terrorists' hands, says U.S. Representative Curt Weldon (R-PA), an expert on Russia.\n\nA Russian company, LUXOFT, along with its U.S. partner CTG Inc., will take the lead in retraining the scientists, whose salaries will be paid by a $500,000 grant from the DOE's Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention (IPP) program. Previous projects in the $25-million-a-year IPP have typically paired U.S. companies directly with Russian defense scientists. Nevertheless, says DOE's Steven K. Black, turning weapons scientists into computer programmers \u201cepitomizes the goal of the IPP.\u201d\n\n![Figure][2] \n\nContainment. \nNew project will retrain 150 scientists from the Kurchatov Institute (above) over the next 2 years.\n\nCREDIT: IVAN SEKRETAREV/AP\n\nThe details of the Kurchatov project, which were being finalized in Moscow on 11 September as the World Trade Center and the Pentagon burned, may also help stem a decade-long decline at the institute. Its 5000 scientists, half the peak number from the 1980s, are seriously underpaid, says Boris Stavisski, a nuclear physicist who heads the Kurchatov Technopark, which seeks to commercialize the institute's research. Although fewer than two dozen scientists will be involved in the project's first phase, LUXOFT managing director Dmitry Loschinin says his firm expects to retrain 150 scientists over the next 2 years and perhaps 500 by 2006. Stavisski concedes that it will be difficult to steer some older scientists onto a new path, while others worry that such programs may fail to reach the creme of the weaponeers because the Russian government isn't ready to have its finest weapons designers shifted to civilian work.\n\nEven so, a new day may soon dawn for many other former Soviet defense experts. The Bush Administration is expected to propose several initiatives to expand R&D collaboration and nonproliferation programs at a summit meeting next month in Moscow between President George W. Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin. \u201cIt's a new era in our relationship,\u201d says Weldon, one that requires \u201ca concerted effort to show Russian scientists that there are opportunities outside of weapons development.\u201d\n\n [1]: /lookup/volpage/292/1632\n [2]: pending:yes" }, { "paper": "1499248913", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2001", "title": "elites masses and the struggle for democracy in mexico a culturalist approach by sara schatz praeger 2000 144 pp cloth 55 00", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2027806243" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Elites, Masses, and the Struggle for Democracy in Mexico: A Culturalist Approach.By Sara Schatz. Praeger, 2000. 144 pp. Cloth, $55.00", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2058452028", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2001", "title": "francophone africa in flux ethnicity and political crisis in cote d ivoire", "label": [ "137403100" ], "author": [ "2663283805" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Francophone Africa in Flux: Ethnicity and Political Crisis in Cote d'Ivoire", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2038835629", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2001", "title": "the 2000 presidential election in historical perspective", "label": [ "2776129789", "2777897930", "2778272461", "2776398702", "2776213154", "199539241", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2422432738" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the year 2000 presidential election was a unique historical event with a very close popular vote the outcome depended on florida where whichever way the votes were counted the outcome was the closest state election in memory closer than if florida voters were deciding by flipping fair coins although al gore won the national popular vote george w bush eventually won the contested electoral college verdict with help from the u s supreme court continuing the political science quarterly tradition of following each presidential election with an early analysis in the spring issue after the election 2 this article attempts to put the 2000 election in perspective to understand the electorate s 2000 verdict within the context of what we know about elections past fortunately several resources are available to help with this task for a start there are the voter news service vns exit polls of voters as they left their polling places on election day both national and state exit polls with their breakdowns of the vote by attitudes and social characteristics became available to all on the web immediately after the election another data source available from the web is the trial heat poll results reported throughout the cam", "title_raw": "The 2000 Presidential Election in Historical Perspective", "abstract_raw": "The year 2000 presidential election was a unique historical event. With a very close popular vote, the outcome depended on Florida, where, whichever way the votes were counted, the outcome was the closest state election in memory, closer than if Florida voters were deciding by flipping fair coins.' Although Al Gore won the national popular vote, George W. Bush eventually won the contested Electoral College verdict with help from the U.S. Supreme Court. Continuing the Political Science Quarterly tradition of following each presidential election with an early analysis in the spring issue after the election,2 this article attempts to put the 2000 election in perspective-to understand the electorate's 2000 verdict within the context of what we know about elections past. Fortunately, several resources are available to help with this task. For a start, there are the Voter News Service (VNS) exit polls of voters as they left their polling places on election day. Both national and state exit polls, with their breakdowns of the vote by attitudes and social characteristics, became available to all on the web immediately after the election. Another data source available from the web is the trial-heat poll results reported throughout the cam-" }, { "paper": "2131160631", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2001", "title": "human rights as a common concern", "label": [ "2778076045", "94625758", "2776211767", "555826173", "169437150", "55447825", "7991579" ], "author": [ "2574765893" ], "reference": [ "198359419", "607742820", "1069548783", "1483312020", "1496730505", "1509913308", "1512288931", "1521274701", "1535803599", "1594561524", "1932641702", "1981364594", "1987166028", "1989077147", "1991508563", "2016826192", "2050094388", "2054848921", "2088191810", "2149676418", "2167644634", "2315081250", "2782592881", "2796647338", "2799004615", "2800913868", "2903671741", "3023599740", "3177243356" ], "abstract": "the doctrine of human rights has come to play a distinctive role in international life this is primarily the role of a moral touchstone a standard of assessment and criticism for domestic institutions a standard of aspiration for their reform and increasingly a standard of evaluation for the policies and practices of international economic and political institutions international practice has followed the controlling documents of international law in taking a broad view of the scope of human rights many political theorists argue however that this view is excessively broad and that genuine human rights if they are to be regarded as a truly common concern of world society must be construed more narrowly i argue against that perspective and in favor of the view implicit in contemporary international practice using the right to democratic institutions as an example", "title_raw": "Human Rights as a Common Concern", "abstract_raw": "The doctrine of human rights has come to play a distinctive role in international life. This is primarily the role of a moral touchstone-a standard of assessment and criticism for domestic institutions, a standard of aspiration for their reform, and increasingly a standard of evaluation for the policies and practices of international economic and political institutions. International practice has followed the controlling documents of international law in taking a broad view of the scope of human rights. Many political theorists argue, however, that this view is excessively broad and that genuine human rights, if they are to be regarded as a truly common concern of world society, must be construed more narrowly. I argue against that perspective and in favor of the view implicit in contemporary international practice, using the right to democratic institutions as an example." }, { "paper": "2017802165", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2001", "title": "book review shirin rai ed international perspectives on gender and democratisation basingstoke macmillan press 2000 207pp 45 00 hbk 16 99 pbk", "label": [ "17058734" ], "author": [ "2682576687" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Shirin Rai (ed.), International Perspectives on Gender and Democratisation (Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 2000, 207pp., \u00a345.00 hbk., \u00a316.99 pbk.):", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1559933943", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "thirty nations pledge to harmonize degrees", "label": [ "3116431", "2780643141", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2270633014" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "european higher educationprague last week the education ministers of 30 european nations agreed to bolster efforts to bring their systems of higher education closer together they endorsed reforms that should make it easier for students and researchers to move freely among europe s sometimes disparate universities", "title_raw": "Thirty Nations Pledge to Harmonize Degrees", "abstract_raw": "EUROPEAN HIGHER EDUCATIONPRAGUE-- Last week, the education ministers of 30 European nations agreed to bolster efforts to bring their systems of higher education closer together. They endorsed reforms that should make it easier for students and researchers to move freely among Europe's sometimes disparate universities." }, { "paper": "2025608093", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2001", "title": "the german empire and britain s pacific dominions 1871 1919 essays on the role of australia and new zealand in world politics in the age of imperialism", "label": [ "2778495208", "94625758" ], "author": [ "3043432729", "3042517322" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The German empire and Britain's Pacific dominions, 1871-1919 : essays on the role of Australia and New Zealand in world politics in the age of imperialism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2122992625", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2001", "title": "double identities aboriginal policy agencies in ontario and british columbia", "label": [ "109986646", "19159745", "148834064", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2121845217" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article argues that provincial government units for aboriginal affairs in ontario and british columbia have double identities stemming from contradictory mandates anchored in two different policy communities aboriginal policy agencies act as crown negotiators with aboriginal nations over land claims and self government but are also responsible for co ordinating government policies affecting aboriginals consequently they interact with two different policy communities one involves economic and resource ministries which engage in a pressure pluralist relationship with aboriginal groups the second involves social policy ministries who engage in more clientele pluralist relationships with aboriginals consequently aboriginal policy agencies display different identities and play different and sometimes contradictory roles these double identities illustrate the complexity and contradictions of provincial aboriginal relations in canada", "title_raw": "Double Identities: Aboriginal Policy Agencies in Ontario and British Columbia", "abstract_raw": "This article argues that provincial government units for Aboriginal affairs in Ontario and British Columbia have ''double identities'' stemming from contradictory mandates anchored in two different policy communities. Aboriginal policy agencies act as Crown negotiators with Aboriginal nations over land claims and self-government, but are also responsible for co-ordinating government policies affecting Aboriginals. Consequently, they interact with two different policy communities. One involves economic and resource ministries, which engage in a pressure pluralist relationship with Aboriginal groups. The second involves social policy ministries who engage in more clientele pluralist relationships with Aboriginals. Consequently, Aboriginal policy agencies display different identities and play different and sometimes contradictory roles. These ''double identities'' illustrate the complexity and contradictions of provincial-Aboriginal relations in Canada." }, { "paper": "2040274821", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2001", "title": "explaining nato enlargement edited by robert w rauchhaus", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2609165891" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Explaining NATO Enlargement edited by Robert W. Rauchhaus", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2327752212", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2001", "title": "equality by design the grand experiment in destratification in socialist hungary szonja szelenyi", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2482526606" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Equality by Design: The Grand Experiment in Destratification in Socialist Hungary. Szonja Szelenyi", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2800305080", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2001", "title": "two strategies for europe de gaulle the u s and the atlantic alliance", "label": [ "2778431023" ], "author": [ "2041493499", "2326393545" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Two Strategies for Europe: De Gaulle, the U.S., and the Atlantic Alliance", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1994260353", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2001", "title": "the making of chinese foreign and security policy in the era of reform", "label": [ "44394981", "188888794" ], "author": [ "1970509932", "2792898322" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy in the Era of Reform", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2357007663", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2001", "title": "studies on early stage private universities in changsha", "label": [ "182566", "2776911728", "3116431", "197487636", "11012388" ], "author": [ "2424179519" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "early stage private universities emerged in a very special historic period and came into being when the society was in great need of talents and when the young people were eager to mature the phenomenon of name borrowing in the operation of those universities was attributed to the history one of the two main organizational structure of those universities was the system of presidential responsibility under the leadership of governing board while the other was under the leadership of school council the early stage private universities were characterized by their initiative to meet the needs of society the spirit of creativity the courage of hard struggle from scratch the early stage private universities have taken a very important role in the history of the development of chinese universities", "title_raw": "Studies on early\\|stage private universities in Changsha", "abstract_raw": "Early\\|stage private universities emerged in a very special historic period and came into being when the society was in great need of talents and when the young people were eager to mature. The phenomenon of name\\|borrowing in the operation of those universities was attributed to the history. One of the two main organizational structure of those universities was the system of presidential responsibility under the leadership of governing board, while the other was under the leadership of school council. The early\\|stage private universities were characterized by their initiative to meet the needs of society, the spirit of creativity, the courage of hard struggle from scratch. The early\\|stage private universities have taken a very important role in the history of the development of Chinese universities." }, { "paper": "2020060853", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2001", "title": "american women and politics in the media a review essay", "label": [ "182566", "135121143", "68643176", "94625758", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2097269278" ], "reference": [ "632845816", "644682570", "1495191141", "1555873965", "1557512564", "1605209132", "1964542093", "1971575865", "1994558117", "2001442493", "2001578423", "2007939081", "2012261071", "2013161412", "2030371286", "2040811790", "2052008854", "2059069336", "2084785404", "2089862621", "2115979755", "2121997444", "2125307812", "2141749969", "2238228592", "2318620271", "2322275987", "2480388651", "2892033655", "2899992689" ], "abstract": "the study of women and politics in the media is a relatively young subfield blessed with scholarship from the fields of communications cultural studies history sociology and political science members of these fields use methodologies such as semiotics qualitative analysis and quantitative content analysis to examine the content of communication about women and politics in news and advertising studies of the impact of messages use polls experiments and focus groups scholars draw primarily upon theories of framing entman 1993 hegemony gramsci 1971 and organizational structures epstein 1973 sigal 1973 to explain why news content looks the way it does although most research focuses on content rather than causes and consequences some studies are putting the pieces together to explain how efforts of groups and individuals influence coverage of women and politics and how audiences react to those messages", "title_raw": "American Women and Politics in the Media: A Review Essay", "abstract_raw": "The study of women and politics in the media is a relatively young subfield, blessed with scholarship from the fields of communications, cultural studies, history, sociology and political science. Members of these fields use methodologies\u2014such as semiotics, qualitative analysis, and quantitative content analysis\u2014to examine the content of communication about women and politics in news and advertising. Studies of the impact of messages use polls, experiments, and focus groups. Scholars draw primarily upon theories of framing (Entman 1993), hegemony (Gramsci 1971), and organizational structures (Epstein 1973; Sigal 1973) to explain why news content looks the way it does. Although most research focuses on content rather than causes and consequences, some studies are putting the pieces together to explain how efforts of groups and individuals influence coverage of women and politics and how audiences react to those messages." }, { "paper": "1694089986", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "shake up in nuclear weapons program", "label": [ "199539241", "2779274809", "194110935", "545171759" ], "author": [ "39168690" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "pakistannew delhi india pakistan has removed its two top nuclear scientists as part of a major reshuffling of the country s nuclear weapons program observers see the move as a signal that the military government is trying to conform to global norms on the management of nuclear material as well as distance itself from a controversial figure regarded as the father of the islamic bomb", "title_raw": "Shake-Up in Nuclear Weapons Program", "abstract_raw": "PAKISTANNEW DELHI, INDIA-- Pakistan has removed its two top nuclear scientists as part of a major reshuffling of the country's nuclear weapons program. Observers see the move as a signal that the military government is trying to conform to global norms on the management of nuclear material as well as distance itself from a controversial figure regarded as the \"father of the Islamic bomb.\"" }, { "paper": "2030694493", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2001", "title": "the alliance under stress governing in a globalizing world", "label": [ "2778431023" ], "author": [ "2575895628" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Alliance Under Stress: Governing in a Globalizing World", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2043596715", "venue": "98137347", "year": "2001", "title": "reply to povilitis another conservation conundrum", "label": [ "2779545187" ], "author": [ "183909533" ], "reference": [ "33722550", "1985093542", "1993954946", "2102200338", "2115857491", "2158081664", "2279888815", "2511653215" ], "abstract": "i am pleased that my essay on naturalness angermeier 2000 inspired additional thinking and writing about conservation imperatives in my view no question is more fundamental to conservation science and policy than what should we conserve povilitis 2001 this issue raises some interesting questions about how conservation decisions should be made and concludes that an imperative based on naturalness is inadequate to unify conservation i agree with his conclusion but not with his rationale which includes flawed logic and false insinuations below i respond to the main issues discussed by povilitis and try to clarify the role of naturalness as a guiding principle in biological conservation before addressing our disagreements it is worth noting that we agree on at least five key points 1 conservationists need clearly defined principles to guide conservation 2 conservationists should distinguish between natural and anthropogenic features of ecosystems 3 the biosphere is becoming increasingly anthropogenic or unnatural 4 to be effective conservation must be integrated into citizens daily lives and 5 responsible stewardship occurs only if people view themselves as parts of ecosystems our disagreements seem to stem from our views on how to achieve points 4 and 5 povilitis promotes the social constructionist notion that the human masses will become conservationists if they are assured that they are part of rather than apart from nature he also insinuates falsely that i espoused the human apart from nature view in fact i argued that technologies not humans are unnatural angermeier 2000 376 povilitis s view overlooks the fact that the biodiversity crisis exists precisely because of human activity especially economic development facilitated by modern industrial scale technology development and application of such technology is socially acceptable even desirable largely because of the prevailing view that humans are superior to apart from the rest of nature", "title_raw": "Reply to Povilitis: Another Conservation Conundrum", "abstract_raw": "I am pleased that my essay on naturalness (Angermeier 2000) inspired additional thinking and writing about conservation imperatives. In my view, no question is more fundamental to conservation science and policy than \"What should we conserve?\" Povilitis (2001 [this issue]) raises some interesting questions about how conservation decisions should be made and concludes that an imperative based on naturalness is inadequate \"to unify conservation.\" I agree with his conclusion but not with his rationale, which includes flawed logic and false insinuations. Below, I respond to the main issues discussed by Povilitis and try to clarify the role of naturalness as a guiding principle in biological conservation. Before addressing our disagreements, it is worth noting that we agree on at least five key points: (1) conservationists need clearly defined principles to guide conservation; (2) conservationists should distinguish between natural and anthropogenic features of ecosystems; (3) the biosphere is becoming increasingly anthropogenic or unnatural; (4) to be effective, conservation must be integrated into citizens' daily lives; and (5) responsible stewardship occurs only if people view themselves as parts of ecosystems. Our disagreements seem to stem from our views on how to achieve points 4 and 5. Povilitis promotes the social constructionist notion that the (human) masses will become conservationists if they are assured that they are \"part of\" rather than \"apart from\" nature. He also insinuates (falsely) that I espoused the human-apart-from-nature view. In fact, I argued that technologies, not humans, are unnatural (Angermeier 2000: 376). Povilitis's view overlooks the fact that the biodiversity crisis exists precisely because of human activity, especially economic development facilitated by modern, industrial-scale technology. Development and application of such technology is socially acceptable (even desirable) largely because of the prevailing view that humans are superior to (apart from) the rest of nature." }, { "paper": "2066314441", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "enclosing the research commons", "label": [ "121017731", "148834064", "3116431", "49427245", "81631423" ], "author": [ "2106076193" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "i t is approaching 60 years since vannevar bush and others persuaded the u s government to do a remarkable thing take resources that had been at the disposal of the war effort and allocate them to the support of basic research most of it in academic institutions it came to be called the", "title_raw": "Enclosing the research commons.", "abstract_raw": "I t is approaching 60 years since Vannevar Bush and others persuaded the U.S. government to do a remarkable thing: take resources that had been at the disposal of the war effort and allocate them to the support of basic research, most of it in academic institutions. It came to be called the \u201c" }, { "paper": "2389311228", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2001", "title": "the cultural mission of construction mission in contemporary curriculum", "label": [ "552535540", "47177190", "162696548", "145129785" ], "author": [ "2641625697" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "with the development of knowledge economy and education reform to raise the independent quality of education and the independent cultural mission in curriculum are becoming the fundamental orientation for the development of contemporary education through the critical analysis to cultural mission and the logic of traditional curriculum the paper discusses the mission of cultural construction in contemporary curriculum", "title_raw": "The cultural mission of construction mission in contemporary curriculum", "abstract_raw": "With the development of knowledge economy and education reform, to raise the independent quality of education and the independent cultural mission in curriculum are becoming the fundamental orientation for the development of contemporary education. Through the critical analysis to cultural mission and the logic of traditional curriculum, the paper discusses the mission of cultural construction in contemporary curriculum." }, { "paper": "2032151650", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2001", "title": "a world war against terrorism", "label": [ "187155963", "203715995", "203133693" ], "author": [ "2582477636" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A world war against terrorism.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1997671718", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2001", "title": "polls indicate american public s acceptance of stem cell research", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2017567413" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Polls indicate American public's acceptance of stem-cell research.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1983132092", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2001", "title": "addressing concerns about applying the democratic peace arguments to interventions", "label": [ "165341840", "65117487", "555826173", "186229450" ], "author": [ "2157628106" ], "reference": [ "1906884771", "2015088153", "2037821770", "2073360779", "2076313235", "2089926907", "2142662663", "2142867211", "2143973420", "2163822206", "2168499279", "3086307878" ], "abstract": "in their research agenda kegley and hermann have made a major contribution by attempting to determine if the democratic peace proposition persists when applied to lower levels of conflict however room exists for improvement in their studies in this response i discuss the strengths of their arguments as well as the shortcomings that need to be addressed the purpose of my study tures 2001 was not to replicate one or all of kegley and hermann s studies but to identify means of improving their measures of states democracy and intervention on the subject of states hermann kegley 2001 note the perplexing subject of identifying states given the increasing number of failed states the erosion of sovereignty and the emergence of many quasi states p 239 they recommend including these non self governing territories and occupied states then comparing the results to cases without them which they do not do in their analyses my concern is where such an ambiguously defined case selection mechanism will lead us without definable criteria for intervention participants any entity could be considered a sovereign state why shouldn t navassa island a", "title_raw": "Addressing Concerns About Applying the Democratic Peace Arguments to Interventions", "abstract_raw": "In their research agenda, Kegley and Hermann have made a major contribution by attempting to determine if the democratic peace proposition persists when applied to lower levels of conflict. However, room exists for improvement in their studies. In this response, I discuss the strengths of their arguments, as well as the shortcomings that need to be addressed. The purpose of my study (Tures, 2001) was not to replicate one or all of Kegley and Hermann's studies, but to identify means of improving their measures of states, democracy, and intervention. On the subject of states, Hermann & Kegley (2001) note the perplexing subject of identifying states, given the 'increasing number of failed states, the erosion of sovereignty, and the emergence of many quasi-states' (p. 239). They recommend including these non-self-governing territories and occupied states, then comparing the results to cases without them (which they do not do in their analyses). My concern is where such an ambiguously defined case selection mechanism will lead us. Without definable criteria for intervention participants, any entity could be considered a sovereign state. Why shouldn't Navassa Island, a" }, { "paper": "2076652142", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "for free access follow the brick red buttons", "label": [ "2780420883", "2780105190", "151719136", "46355384", "2777596936", "82307848", "41458344" ], "author": [ "143706583" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "to add to the dialogue about an online public library of science i wish to share as editor in chief of the proceedings of the national academy of sciences pnas our experiences with pubmed central in order to allay some of the concerns expressed by the editors at science i also offer a compromise position that would expedite formation of a public library while requiring little from publishers the national academy of sciences is passionately committed to broad access to the scientific literature pnas became a charter member of pmc over a year ago and its content is posted at pmc only 4 weeks after the release of the print edition this free availability has not caused us any perceptible economic harm if anything it has been beneficial it may seem paradoxical that giving our content away has helped pnas but it is an experience shared with other enterprises from pop music and book publishing to radio the number of people accessing the pnas online sites at pmc and highwire press has continued to grow exponentially during the time we have been associated with pmc no doubt the brick red button next to pubmed citations to our journal that says free in pmc has provided an incentive for readers to explore pnas the increase in accesses to a free journal naturally leads to increased readership authorship and even subscriptions journals are in that rare position where they can do the right thing and profit at the same time pnas has thrived from giving our content away after 4 weeks so it is hard to see why other journals fear giving away their content after 6 months or a year furthermore the warning by the science editors about the danger of intrusion by big government into scientific publishing is specious pmc seeks to be just one of many independent hosts of the scientific archive pmc is a library not a publisher if the national library of medicine with its history of support for biomedical research were to tell pnas what we could and could not publish we would withdraw our content but the argument is symmetric if highwire press were to institute policies that the national academy found unacceptable pnas would also go elsewhere the risk in either case is small but surely having content on two or more sites makes one less vulnerable not more many publishers are still wary of having their content accessed from a central repository thus at the 21 march meeting of the pmc advisory board an additional means of participation was established that provides an easy transition to full involvement journals would after a delay of preferably up to 6 months but no more than a year send an electronic form of their content to pmc an archive would be created allowing full text searching by all but not access to the articles the publisher s site would instead remain as the sole source of their articles as long as they remained freely available only if public access were withdrawn would the content be released through pmc publishers could thereby determine in an easily reversible fashion the consequences of giving their content away and of participating in pmc this scheme does require a clumsy linking back and forth between sites unlike full participation in pmc and it would limit the creative evolution of the process nonetheless i suggest that this intermediate level of involvement in pmc be seen as a good faith effort that removes the threat of the boycott which would then be focused on the scofflaws who refuse public release the major beneficiary of this compromise proposal is the scientific public who would have free access to the literature while the principals work out details in the background the hope is that the often confrontational tone of the debate thus far would be replaced by a commitment to a reduction in the delay before free release and the full realization of a public library of science", "title_raw": "For Free Access, Follow the Brick Red Buttons", "abstract_raw": "To add to the dialogue about an online Public Library of Science, I wish to share as Editor-in-Chief of The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), our experiences with PubMed Central in order to allay some of the concerns expressed by the editors at Science. I also offer a compromise position that would expedite formation of a public library while requiring little from publishers.\n\nThe National Academy of Sciences is passionately committed to broad access to the scientific literature. PNAS became a charter member of PMC over a year ago, and its content is posted at PMC only 4 weeks after the release of the print edition. This free availability has not caused us any perceptible economic harm. If anything, it has been beneficial. It may seem paradoxical that giving our content away has helped PNAS, but it is an experience shared with other enterprises from pop music and book publishing to radio. The number of people accessing the PNAS online sites at PMC and HighWire Press has continued to grow exponentially during the time we have been associated with PMC. No doubt the brick red button next to PubMed citations to our journal that says \u201cFree in PMC\u201d has provided an incentive for readers to explore PNAS. The increase in accesses to a free journal naturally leads to increased readership, authorship, and even subscriptions. Journals are in that rare position where they can do the right thing and profit at the same time. PNAS has thrived from giving our content away after 4 weeks, so it is hard to see why other journals fear giving away their content after 6 months or a year.\n\nFurthermore, the warning by the Science editors about the danger of intrusion by big government into scientific publishing is specious. PMC seeks to be just one of many independent hosts of the scientific archive. PMC is a library, not a publisher. If the National Library of Medicine, with its history of support for biomedical research, were to tell PNAS what we could and could not publish, we would withdraw our content. But the argument is symmetric. If HighWire Press were to institute policies that the National Academy found unacceptable, PNAS would also go elsewhere. The risk in either case is small, but surely having content on two or more sites makes one less vulnerable, not more.\n\nMany publishers are still wary of having their content accessed from a central repository. Thus, at the 21 March meeting of the PMC Advisory Board, an additional means of participation was established that provides an easy transition to full involvement. Journals would, after a delay of preferably up to 6 months but no more than a year, send an electronic form of their content to PMC. An archive would be created allowing full-text searching by all, but not access to the articles. The publisher's site would instead remain as the sole source of their articles as long as they remained freely available. Only if public access were withdrawn would the content be released through PMC. Publishers could thereby determine, in an easily reversible fashion, the consequences of giving their content away and of participating in PMC. This scheme does require a clumsy linking back and forth between sites, unlike full participation in PMC, and it would limit the creative evolution of the process. Nonetheless, I suggest that this intermediate level of involvement in PMC be seen as a good faith effort that removes the threat of the boycott, which would then be focused on the scofflaws who refuse public release. The major beneficiary of this compromise proposal is the scientific public, who would have free access to the literature while the principals work out details in the background. The hope is that the often-confrontational tone of the debate thus far would be replaced by a commitment to a reduction in the delay before free release and the full realization of a Public Library of Science." }, { "paper": "1978307366", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "patent infringement high court asked to rule on what makes an idea new", "label": [ "115910719", "2776862595", "2777029862", "2778272461", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2343143953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "patent infringementwhen is imitation innovation and when is it piracy the u s supreme court will hear conflicting answers to those questions early next month in a patent infringement case that is being watched closely by academic and industrial groups", "title_raw": "Patent infringement. High court asked to rule on what makes an idea new.", "abstract_raw": "PATENT INFRINGEMENTWhen is imitation innovation--and when is it piracy? The U.S. Supreme Court will hear conflicting answers to those questions early next month in a patent infringement case that is being watched closely by academic and industrial groups." }, { "paper": "2049081629", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2001", "title": "tracing issue definition and policy change an analysis of disability issue images and policy response", "label": [ "2777351106", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2701775356", "47876961" ], "reference": [ "1989910854", "2036987529", "2041721338", "2059184882", "2083968821", "2089783836", "2091923276", "2102882063", "2113232934", "2142500058", "2150957645", "2178225550" ], "abstract": "we examine the role of issue definition in disability policy change based on qualitative and quantitative evidence from media coverage and congressional hearings we conclude that policy change was influenced by the redefinition of disability issues from medical and economic definitions to a new sociopolitical perspective specifically we find evidence that media attention and tone influenced the number of congressional hearings and the tone of these hearings the change in the congressional definition subsequently contributed to the passage of key legislation based on the sociopolitical civil rights definition of disability importantly our research supports previous studies that suggest problem definition helps to explain significant policy change", "title_raw": "Tracing Issue Definition and Policy Change: An Analysis of Disability Issue Images and Policy Response", "abstract_raw": "We examine the role of issue definition in disability policy change. Based on qualitative and quantitative evidence from media coverage and congressional hearings, we conclude that policy change was influenced by the redefinition of disability issues from medical and economic definitions to a new sociopolitical perspective. Specifically, we find evidence that media attention and tone influenced the number of congressional hearings and the tone of these hearings. The change in the congressional definition subsequently contributed to the passage of key legislation based on the sociopolitical/civil rights definition of disability. Importantly, our research supports previous studies that suggest problem definition helps to explain significant policy change." }, { "paper": "2570763627", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2001", "title": "will chavez lose his luster", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2012771599" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Will Chavez Lose His Luster", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2312940020", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2001", "title": "to lead the free world american nationalism and the cultural roots of the cold war cold war constructions the political culture of united states imperialism 1945 1966", "label": [ "81307892", "521449643", "135544838", "199539241", "102029660" ], "author": [ "195593045", "2676653359", "2719749416" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "To Lead the Free World: American Nationalism and the Cultural Roots of the Cold War@@@Cold War Constructions: The Political Culture of United States Imperialism, 1945-1966", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1998464483", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2001", "title": "old parties and new democracies do they bring out the best in one another", "label": [ "555826173", "68346564", "2777359644", "2779111050", "158886217", "17058734", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1971672126" ], "reference": [ "576776656", "1533369859", "1965091828", "1976117896", "1977724175", "1980328403", "1988259178", "2002710567", "2004838156", "2020674779", "2024847495", "2060503750", "2065581933", "2074099762", "2084517130", "2107992979", "2312819395", "2324873297", "2783078308", "2783523586", "2783836833" ], "abstract": "the democratization literature suggests a country s chances of successfully democratizing are improved by having an institutionalized party system that evolved before the recent authoritarian period however the conditions under which old parties established in previous democratic quasi democratic or authoritarian periods will benefit a new democracy have not been explored if a party engaged in undemocratic behavior in the past such as military alliances election rigging or internal procedures that denied rank and file members chances for meaningful participation then it may bring these undemocratic behavior patterns into the new democratic regime the traditional parties in argentina honduras panama peru and uruguay are used to explore when parties bring undemocratic past behavior patterns into a new democratic regime thereby hindering consolidation these cases show that parties which experienced harsh treatment under an authoritarian regime are unlikely to continue authoritarian tactics such", "title_raw": "Old Parties and New Democracies: Do They Bring out the Best in One Another?", "abstract_raw": "The democratization literature suggests a country's chances of successfully democratizing are improved by having an institutionalized party system that evolved before the recent authoritarian period. However, the conditions under which old parties established in previous democratic, quasi-democratic or authoritarian periods will benefit a new democracy have not been explored. If a party engaged in undemocratic behavior in the past, such as military alliances, election rigging or internal procedures that denied rank-and-file members chances for meaningful participation, then it may bring these undemocratic behavior patterns into the new democratic regime. The traditional parties in Argentina, Honduras, Panama, Peru and Uruguay are used to explore when parties bring undemocratic past behavior patterns into a new democratic regime, thereby hindering consolidation. These cases show that parties which experienced harsh treatment under an authoritarian regime are unlikely to continue authoritarian tactics such ..." }, { "paper": "1604859986", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2001", "title": "liberia and sierra leone dead ringers the logic of neopatrimonial rule", "label": [ "2777339001", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2273986979" ], "reference": [ "1522972582", "1605455721", "1965778691", "1967424757", "1983123829", "2011736529", "2018735592", "2035922385", "2064961332", "2255270473", "2979273424" ], "abstract": "there are many different causes behind the two civil wars in liberia and sierra leone some are clearly unique to each country whereas some of the most significant causes of war are shared in both cases this article argues that the most basic reasons for these two wars are to be found in the extreme version of neopatrimonial politics that was developed in liberia and sierra leone neopatrimonialism is not unique to these two countries nor to africa however the historical experience of the two countries suggests that liberia and sierra leone developed an extreme version of neopatrimonial politics built on the need to secure the self through self categorisation into self and other the article therefore suggests that the historical legacy of these interlinkages is so substantial that the fates of liberia and sierra leone are locked together like a pair of dead ringers neither country is likely to achieve sustainable peace if warlike conditions still exist in the other country", "title_raw": "Liberia and Sierra Leone\u2014dead ringers? The logic of neopatrimonial rule", "abstract_raw": "There are many different causes behind the two civil wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Some are clearly unique to each country, whereas some of the most significant causes of war are shared in both cases. This article argues that the most basic reasons for these two wars are to be found in the extreme version of neopatrimonial politics that was developed in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Neopatrimonialism is not unique to these two countries, nor to Africa. However, the historical experience of the two countries suggests that Liberia and Sierra Leone developed an extreme version of neopatrimonial politics built on the need to secure the self through self-categorisation into self and other. The article therefore suggests that the historical legacy of these interlinkages is so substantial that the fates of Liberia and Sierra Leone are locked together like a pair of dead ringers. Neither country is likely to achieve sustainable peace if warlike conditions still exist in the other country." }, { "paper": "2017748765", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2001", "title": "the global ethnopolis chinatown japantown and manilatown in american society", "label": [ "2778950917", "2776153886", "2778988318" ], "author": [ "2112344062", "2608625834" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "acknowledgements introduction little americas the global ethnopolis chinatown the ethnopole as an informal capital city japantown the deglobalization of an ethnopole manilatown global exclusion and global margins the ethnopole as a global city the global space of the ethnopole the global ethnopole in the global city bibliography index", "title_raw": "The global ethnopolis : Chinatown, Japantown, and Manilatown in American society", "abstract_raw": "Acknowledgements Introduction: 'Little Americas' The Global Ethnopolis Chinatown: The Ethnopole as an Informal Capital City Japantown: The Deglobalization of an Ethnopole Manilatown: Global Exclusion and Global Margins The Ethnopole as a Global City The Global Space of the Ethnopole The Global Ethnopole in the Global City Bibliography Index" }, { "paper": "1963923616", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2001", "title": "return to zhenbao island who started shooting and why it matters", "label": [ "34355311", "2778304055", "191935318", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2163333846" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this research reveals a new consensus among scholars in both moscow and beijing that the 1969 sino soviet border crisis was a premeditated act of violence orchestrated by the chinese side international and domestic causes are investigated for their strength in explaining china s belligerence there has been a widespread belief among sinologists that china acted out of desperation against soviet strength and aggressiveness which had been demonstrated most clearly by the 1968 invasion of czechoslovakia and the associated brezhnev doctrine the author presents evidence that challenges this traditional interpretation rather a stronger explanation for china s aggressiveness in march 1969 is mao s need at that particular time for an external threat to unify the country the article additionally explores the implications of these revelations for the study of chinese foreign policy and international relations generally", "title_raw": "Return to Zhenbao Island: Who Started Shooting and Why it Matters", "abstract_raw": "This research reveals a new consensus among scholars in both Moscow and Beijing that the 1969 Sino-Soviet border crisis was a premeditated act of violence orchestrated by the Chinese side. International and domestic causes are investigated for their strength in explaining China's belligerence. There has been a widespread belief among sinologists that China acted out of desperation against Soviet strength and aggressiveness, which had been demonstrated most clearly by the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia and the associated \u201cBrezhnev Doctrine.\u201d The author presents evidence that challenges this traditional interpretation. Rather, a stronger explanation for China's aggressiveness in March 1969 is Mao's need at that particular time for an external threat to unify the country. The article additionally explores the implications of these revelations for the study of Chinese foreign policy and international relations generally." }, { "paper": "1976098590", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2001", "title": "who commission announces bold plan for world s poor", "label": [ "2776034101", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2112639148" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "WHO commission announces bold plan for world's poor.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2047168524", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2001", "title": "values of public relations effects on organization public relationships mediating conflict resolution", "label": [ "21711469", "2781195187", "39549134" ], "author": [ "3207034454" ], "reference": [ "3767694", "646328161", "1482929535", "1485977648", "1491649761", "1716635940", "1964354126", "1968973086", "1970248412", "1972184315", "1978794497", "1979731477", "1981610604", "1981764551", "1993777330", "1994263489", "1999075664", "1999149192", "2004718056", "2006176166", "2008168603", "2015652520", "2015835483", "2018201949", "2019098934", "2019137427", "2019958916", "2026241340", "2032296625", "2032453922", "2033719515", "2034442617", "2039797249", "2039998453", "2041957621", "2046613683", "2048630522", "2057159560", "2062446488", "2065592277", "2067181024", "2068677540", "2071666535", "2083372686", "2089844328", "2096542359", "2100774179", "2102097552", "2133576327", "2137247419", "2148219776", "2150738587", "2154402260", "2313663002", "2323124146", "2478687585", "2499011629", "2766044582", "2908153958", "3011074188", "3028421265", "3033449667", "3086675720", "3126732555" ], "abstract": "this article identified two important measures of public relations effects i e organization public relationships and conflict resolution and investigated how they functionally related to public relations strategies the research hypothesis posited that the effect of public relations strategies on conflict resolution was mediated by organization public relationships two survey data sets were used and incorporated to derive possible answers for the proposed research hypothesis and research question the 1st data set n 301 was used as a starting point for investigating the complex relationships among variables the 2nd data set n 235 was tested and replication procedures were adopted to further cross validate the results obtained from the 1st study the results supported the research hypothesis positing that the effect of public relations on conflict resolution is mediated by organization public relationships theoretically this study makes evident the values of public relations in terms of rel", "title_raw": "Values of Public Relations: Effects on Organization-Public Relationships Mediating Conflict Resolution", "abstract_raw": "This article identified two important measures of public relations effects i.e., organization-public relationships and conflict resolution, and investigated how they functionally related to public relations strategies. The research hypothesis posited that the effect of public relations strategies on conflict resolution was mediated by organization-public relationships. Two survey data sets were used and incorporated to derive possible answers for the proposed research hypothesis and research question. The 1st data set (n = 301) was used as a starting point for investigating the complex relationships among variables. The 2nd data set (n = 235) was tested, and replication procedures were adopted to further cross-validate the results obtained from the 1st study. The results supported the research hypothesis positing that the effect of public relations on conflict resolution is mediated by organization-public relationships. Theoretically, this study makes evident the values of public relations in terms of rel..." }, { "paper": "2054855414", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2001", "title": "a gender gap in publishing women s representation in edited political science books", "label": [ "151719136", "48798503", "2779842240", "41458344", "68151297", "2776359362", "2780090960" ], "author": [ "2202800281", "2126016998" ], "reference": [ "7935536", "1547385362", "1989995392", "1995811670", "1997994799", "2001424891", "2009817444", "2014038922", "2031164290", "2078200213", "2091797780", "2151899756", "2335025348" ], "abstract": "academic publishing is tightly connected to college and university faculty members prospects for promotion tenure salary increases and professional recognition and is often regarded as an index of one s scholarly contribution to a given field blackburn and lawrence 1995 this is problematic because as many researchers have clearly documented women publish less than men because female faculty produce fewer publications on average than their male counterparts they also receive lower pay and are more likely to hold the ranks of assistant and associate professor blackburn and lawrence 1995 creamer 1998 dinauer and ondeck 1999 roland and fontanesi seime 1996 schneider 1998 and although gender differences in publishing have narrowed in most disciplines over the past two decades in most cases men still outpublish women by a ratio of two to one roland and fontanesi seime 1996 among the factors cited as being important to publishing regularly are ambition reputation merit institutional support and resources professional networks and collegial mentoring relationships research topic and methodology and time", "title_raw": "A Gender Gap in Publishing? Women's Representation in Edited Political Science Books", "abstract_raw": "Academic publishing is tightly connected to college and university faculty members' prospects for promotion, tenure, salary increases, and professional recognition, and is often regarded as an index of one's scholarly contribution to a given field (Blackburn and Lawrence 1995). This is problematic because, as many researchers have clearly documented, women publish less than men. Because female faculty produce fewer publications on average than their male counterparts, they also receive lower pay and are more likely to hold the ranks of assistant and associate professor (Blackburn and Lawrence 1995; Creamer 1998; Dinauer and Ondeck 1999; Roland and Fontanesi-Seime 1996; Schneider 1998). And, although gender differences in publishing have narrowed in most disciplines over the past two decades, in most cases, men still outpublish women by a ratio of two to one (Roland and Fontanesi-Seime 1996). Among the factors cited as being important to publishing regularly are ambition, reputation, merit, institutional support and resources, professional networks and collegial/mentoring relationships, research topic and methodology, and time." }, { "paper": "2069025255", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2001", "title": "how important are iowa and new hampshire to winning post reform presidential nominations", "label": [ "2778203169", "197487636", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2163761574", "1215975413" ], "reference": [ "565613966", "570675376", "602329197", "632342598", "1968884891", "1983878267", "1992901971", "2015699077", "2058428373", "2130559796", "2335055435", "2335305137" ], "abstract": "while conventional wisdom holds that the first delegate selection events in iowa and new hampshire are important influences on the outcome of the presidential selection process scholars increasing", "title_raw": "How Important Are Iowa and New Hampshire to Winning Post-Reform Presidential Nominations?", "abstract_raw": "While conventional wisdom holds that the first delegate selection events in Iowa and New Hampshire are important influences on the outcome of the presidential selection process, scholars increasing..." }, { "paper": "1675689500", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "china biochemist wages online war against ethical lapses", "label": [ "191935318", "2778304055", "39549134", "151719136", "558299567" ], "author": [ "2689673957" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "beijing a chinese biochemist working in the united states has launched an investigation into the validity of some questionable scientific claims made in the advertising of some chinese products and the environment that discourages knowledgeable scientists in china from challenging the claims he9s hoping that a web site he set up last year will raise the level of debate in china on questionable practices by academics", "title_raw": "China. Biochemist wages online war against ethical lapses.", "abstract_raw": "BEIJING--\n A Chinese biochemist working in the United States has launched an investigation into the validity of some questionable scientific claims made in the advertising of some Chinese products--and the environment that discourages knowledgeable scientists in China from challenging the claims. He9s hoping that a Web site he set up last year will raise the level of debate in China on questionable practices by academics." }, { "paper": "2154779612", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2001", "title": "the rise of the state system in africa", "label": [ "165341840", "94625758", "531593650", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2166640709" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "africa s relation to the concept and practice of state and states system has been problematic since its first encounters with those who were armed with the concept in observing the collapse of authority and governance in a number of african states some scholars have suggested that africa presented the states system with alternative political organizations others argue that so long as there is a kernel of armed authority in territorially demarcated areas a state exists africa s polities have often responded unconventionally yet strategically to interaction with the sovereign state system first elaborated by the europeans to comprehend the novelty or lack of it in the state system of contemporary africa we need to know something about its pre colonial political structures and organizations and about the imprint of empires the construct which effectively limited the international system of sovereign states to the west on africa did colonialism and the western system of sovereign states rule out alternative structures for the newly independent african states what might alternative structures have looked like what impact did colonial rule have on the development of states in africa does contemporary africa have a state system this article addresses these questions in the context of the special issue s concern with both the structure of the international system and developments among and between the units", "title_raw": "The rise of the state system in Africa", "abstract_raw": "Africa's relation to the concept and practice of \u2018state\u2019 and \u2018states system\u2019 has been problematic since its first encounters with those who were armed with the concept. In observing the collapse of authority and governance in a number of African states, some scholars have suggested that Africa presented the states system with alternative political organizations. Others argue that so long as there is a kernel of armed authority in territorially demarcated areas, a state exists. Africa's polities have often responded unconventionally, yet strategically, to interaction with the sovereign state system first elaborated by the Europeans. To comprehend the novelty, or lack of it, in the \u2018state system\u2019 of contemporary Africa, we need to know something about its pre-colonial political structures and organizations and about the imprint of empires (the construct which effectively limited the \u2018international\u2019 system of sovereign states to the West) on Africa. Did colonialism and the Western system of sovereign states rule out alternative structures for the newly independent African states? What might alternative structures have looked like? What impact did colonial rule have on the development of states in Africa? Does contemporary Africa have a \u2018state system\u2019? This article addresses these questions in the context of the Special Issue's concern with both the structure of the international system and developments among and between the units." }, { "paper": "2907981546", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2001", "title": "martin p c schaad bullying bonn anglo german diplomacy on european integration 1955 61 st anthony s series new york st martin s 2000 pp viii 243 65 00", "label": [ "557252395" ], "author": [ "2006536276" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Martin P. C. Schaad. Bullying Bonn: Anglo-German Diplomacy on European Integration, 1955\u201361. (St Anthony's Series.) New York: St. Martin's. 2000. Pp. viii, 243. $65.00", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2795873872", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2001", "title": "corporations and human rights a theory of legal responsibility", "label": [ "2776398702", "2778760326", "169437150", "111476811", "141261163", "55447825" ], "author": [ "1277923132" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Corporations and Human Rights: A Theory of Legal Responsibility", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2059104207", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2001", "title": "the community justice ideal preventing crime and achieving justice", "label": [ "110928126", "3116431", "139621336", "2778063457", "102587632", "539944628", "509133132", "185052227" ], "author": [ "2175582985", "2098421276" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "introduction the community justice movement crime community and criminal justice a positive view of community life principles of a democratic community justice principles of egalitarian community justice realizing community justice evaluating community justice initiatives", "title_raw": "The Community Justice Ideal : Preventing Crime and Achieving Justice", "abstract_raw": "* Introduction * The Community Justice Movement * Crime, Community, and Criminal Justice * A Positive View of Community Life * Principles of a Democratic Community Justice * Principles of Egalitarian Community Justice * Realizing Community Justice * Evaluating Community Justice Initiatives" }, { "paper": "2382683181", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2001", "title": "the sustainable development mechanism and countermeasures of historic cities", "label": [ "552854447", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2708074364" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "taking the historic town of pingyao as an example the article discusses the sustainable development mechanism and strategies of historic towns from the cutural and economic aspects the essay holds that in order to realize the favorable circle of conservation and development the capital for conservation of the city s historic and cutural traditions should be raised through the market when the government doesn t have adequate financial resources for the conservation", "title_raw": "The sustainable development mechanism and countermeasures of historic cities", "abstract_raw": "Taking the historic town of Pingyao as an example, the article discusses the sustainable development mechanism and strategies of historic towns from the cutural and economic aspects. The essay holds that in order to realize the favorable circle of conservation and development, the capital for conservation of the city's historic and cutural traditions should be raised through the market when the government doesn't have adequate financial resources for the conservation." }, { "paper": "2005368032", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2001", "title": "gridded lives why kazakhstan and montana are nearly the same place", "label": [ "542948173", "514928085", "53844881", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2986619562" ], "reference": [ "576544080", "655429768", "1495688915", "1541577412", "1900061039", "1966043897", "1966335013", "1990480292", "2003314065", "2008244349", "2017592524", "2040954211", "2057150788", "2079854838", "2089029652", "2089621668", "2329126589", "2332086916", "2480286963", "2496833096", "2801473445", "3154739585" ], "abstract": "while the united states and the soviet union are normally conceptualized as polar opposites by comparing karaganda kazakhstan and billings montana this chapter draws significant parallels between the use of the grid in these contrasting political contexts using a comparative approach the author addresses the following questions is it possible to write the history of gridded spaces if so do the gridded spaces of kazakhstan and montana constitute the end point of larger processes that the united states and the soviet union shared the present chapter explores these questions through comparative urban history to illustrate how the grid evolved just as the territories of the u s and soviet union were being swept into larger industrial and agricultural economies the author concludes that in both cases political powers produced gridded spaces often violently to serve economic and political goals", "title_raw": "Gridded Lives: Why Kazakhstan and Montana are Nearly the Same Place", "abstract_raw": "While the United States and the Soviet Union are normally conceptualized as polar opposites, by comparing Karaganda (Kazakhstan) and Billings (Montana), this chapter draws significant parallels between the use of the grid in these contrasting political contexts. Using a comparative approach, the author addresses the following questions: Is it possible to write the history of gridded spaces? If so, do the gridded spaces of Kazakhstan and Montana constitute the end-point of larger processes that the United States and the Soviet Union shared? The present chapter explores these questions through comparative urban history to illustrate how the grid evolved just as the territories of the U.S. and Soviet Union were being swept into larger industrial and agricultural economies. The author concludes that, in both cases, political powers produced gridded spaces, often violently, to serve economic and political goals." }, { "paper": "2085412150", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2001", "title": "uk woman s right to die case fails", "label": [ "2781163912" ], "author": [ "2112639148" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "UK woman's right-to-die case fails.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1575243425", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2001", "title": "why are indian journals impact factors so low", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2510606820", "2017181636" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Why are Indian journals' impact factors so low?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2049550933", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2001", "title": "kenyan government survey reveals poor state of public hospitals", "label": [ "187651312", "148834064", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "82156632" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Kenyan government survey reveals poor state of public hospitals.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2142832146", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2001", "title": "courthouse violence the view from the bench", "label": [ "2777799818", "2780564088", "199539241", "139621336" ], "author": [ "2569263166" ], "reference": [ "585358645" ], "abstract": "courthouse violence can be divided into two broad categories incidents that are opportunistic and unpremeditated and those that are premeditated with planning and adequate security measures opportunistic incidents can be greatly diminished but it is difficult to be secure from premeditated incidents providing sufficient security to make courthouses safe is not a simple matter our justice system rests upon acceptance of the impartiality fairness and independence of our judiciary too much security undermines that image if it appears that our courts are being held hostage by violence and threats of violence too little security however leads to a lack of general respect for the law if order cannot be maintained the challenge is to effect appropriate defenses without compromising the justice system", "title_raw": "Courthouse Violence: The View from the Bench", "abstract_raw": "Courthouse violence can be divided into two broad categories: incidents that are opportunistic and unpremeditated and those that are premeditated. With planning and adequate security measures, opportunistic incidents can be greatly diminished, but it is difficult to be secure from premeditated incidents. Providing sufficient security to make courthouses safe is not a simple matter. Our justice system rests upon acceptance of the impartiality, fairness, and independence of our judiciary. Too much security undermines that image if it appears that our courts are being held hostage by violence and threats of violence. Too little security, however, leads to a lack of general respect for the law if order cannot be maintained. The challenge is to effect appropriate defenses without compromising the justice system." }, { "paper": "2070415297", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2001", "title": "the effect of majority minority mandates on partisan gerrymandering", "label": [ "2779910420", "2778203169", "83009810", "2775884135", "555826173", "2778477362", "94625758", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2184603816" ], "reference": [ "570732880", "1484046691", "1516905924", "2004958743", "2007337721", "2069468135", "2087603541", "2146018788", "2156562029", "2165523715", "2170342636", "2313586014", "2328698704", "2333138248", "3124829556" ], "abstract": "i develop a model of optimal partisan gerrymandering to analyze the claim that majority minority legislative districting helps republicans i first determine the number of democrats elected in states where democrats control redistricting and the number of republicans elected in states where republicans control redistricting i then determine how electoral outcomes change if the federal government requires redistricters to create majority minority districts in states where republicans control redistricting majority minority mandates weakly decrease the number of republicans elected in states where democrats control redistricting a bare majority minority mandate does not affect the number of democrats elected however if democratic redistricters face geographical constraints or supermajority minority mandates some democratic votes are wasted and the number of democrats elected weakly decreases hat are the partisan effects of majority minority districting the conventional wisdom among political scientists is that the v t creation of a majority minority district helps republicans win in neighboring districts this observation if true has three important implications first it suggests that majority minority districting plans have a perverse electoral effect reducing the total number of democrats elected second it suggests that unorthodox political coalitions may form in the redistricting process civil rights groups and republicans allied against white democrats third if the conventional wisdom is true majority minority districting plans may have perverse policy effects decreasing substantive representation of minority voters interests the claim that majority minority districting has perverse effects is based on the logic of the concentration gerrymander erikson 1972 cain 1984 many authors thernstrom 1987 swain 1993 lublin 1997 have argued that majority minority districting plans by concentrating liberal minority voters into a few districts make the other districts in a state more conservative and thereby lead to conservative legislative majorities and conservative policy outcomes this theoretical reasoning has received support from empirical research hill 1995 lublin 1997 that examines district compositions and electoral outcomes before and after the creation of majority minority districts and concludes that post redistricting republican gains can be attributed to racial gerrymandering however this research has been disputed by guinier 1995 and engstrom 1995 who argue that republican gains are primarily due to national electoral tides rather than racial gerrymandering the perverse effects claim has also received support from a second line of empirical research cameron epstein and o halloran 1996 epstein and o halloran 1999 that predicts policy effects of different districting plans and concludes that majority minority districts are not optimal for promoting liberal policy outcomes despite being frequently discussed and debated the perverse effects claim has never been established through a precise theoretical argument", "title_raw": "The Effect of Majority-Minority Mandates on Partisan Gerrymandering", "abstract_raw": "I develop a model of optimal partisan gerrymandering to analyze the claim that majority-minority legislative districting helps Republicans. I first determine the number of Democrats elected in states where Democrats control redistricting and the number of Republicans elected in states where Republicans control redistricting. I then determine how electoral outcomes change if the federal government requires redistricters to create majority-minority districts. In states where Republicans control redistricting, majority-minority mandates weakly decrease the number of Republicans elected. In states where Democrats control redistricting, a bare majority-minority mandate does not affect the number of Democrats elected. However, if Democratic redistricters face geographical constraints or supermajority-minority mandates, some Democratic votes are wasted and the number of Democrats elected weakly decreases. hat are the partisan effects of majority-minority districting? The conventional wisdom among political scientists is that the v T creation of a majority-minority district helps Republicans win in neighboring districts. This observation, if true, has three important implications. First, it suggests that majority-minority districting plans have a perverse electoral effect, reducing the total number of Democrats elected. Second, it suggests that unorthodox political coalitions may form in the redistricting process: civil rights groups and Republicans allied against white Democrats. Third, if the conventional wisdom is true, majority-minority districting plans may have perverse policy effects, decreasing substantive representation of minority voters' interests. The claim that majority-minority districting has perverse effects is based on the logic of the concentration gerrymander (Erikson 1972; Cain 1984). Many authors (Thernstrom 1987; Swain 1993; Lublin 1997) have argued that majority-minority districting plans, by concentrating liberal minority voters into a few districts, make the other districts in a state more conservative and thereby lead to conservative legislative majorities and conservative policy outcomes. This theoretical reasoning has received support from empirical research (Hill 1995; Lublin 1997) that examines district compositions and electoral outcomes before and after the creation of majority-minority districts and concludes that post-redistricting Republican gains can be attributed to racial gerrymandering. However this research has been disputed by Guinier (1995) and Engstrom (1995), who argue that Republican gains are primarily due to national electoral tides rather than racial gerrymandering. The perverse-effects claim has also received support from a second line of empirical research (Cameron, Epstein, and O'Halloran 1996; Epstein and O'Halloran 1999) that predicts policy effects of different districting plans and concludes that majority-minority districts are not optimal for promoting liberal policy outcomes. Despite being frequently discussed and debated, the perverse-effects claim has never been established through a precise theoretical argument." }, { "paper": "2949514336", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2001", "title": "the public library of science and the ongoing revolution in scholarly communication", "label": [ "2777462167" ], "author": [ "2029350574" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Public Library of Science and the ongoing revolution in scholarly communication", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2058199060", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2001", "title": "state monitoring states the united states australia and china s human rights 1990 2001", "label": [ "543595228", "191935318", "2776398702", "169437150", "86615163", "199539241", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2578871650" ], "reference": [ "232377744", "586928478", "1606122847", "1967352007", "1991419981", "1997528770", "2030402059", "2045371085", "2045592243", "2047038035", "2059676924", "2082262234", "2092929936", "2093936453", "2117064485", "2124923856", "2135399545", "2138992672", "2152266089", "2167842302", "2271688301", "2322132931", "2323973517", "2335570078", "2606600071", "2801777445", "3017163375" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "State Monitoring States: The United States, Australia, and China's Human Rights, 1990-2001", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2030479729", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2001", "title": "the re emergence of the cadre party organizational patterns of christian and social democrats in unified germany", "label": [ "199539241", "62760934", "94625758", "2777106239" ], "author": [ "2714852648" ], "reference": [ "561776410", "594629493", "1968419405", "1988039389", "2001506303", "2018972251", "2080225902", "2087964703", "2156545336", "2486579470" ], "abstract": "since unification of the two german states and of the sister organizations of the major german political parties the spd and the cdu party organizers in eastern germany have been engaged in re building their extra parliamentary organization into efficient and organizationally strong political agencies the formally equal political environment since unification and also a massive transfer of material and non material resources from western sister organizations have created conditions conducive to adjustment of the internal structures between east and west german parties based on empirical data from more than 140 local branches and 25 land associations i compare major organizational characteristics of the parties in an east west perspective after an analysis of the development of the party organizations since unification i describe the type of party organization that has emerged in eastern germany in the course of the political and societal transformation i argue that in spite of formally equal politi", "title_raw": "The Re-Emergence of the Cadre Party? Organizational Patterns of Christian and Social Democrats in Unified Germany", "abstract_raw": "Since unification of the two German states and of the sister organizations of the major German political parties, the SPD and the CDU, party organizers in eastern Germany have been engaged in (re)building their extra-parliamentary organization into efficient and organizationally strong political agencies. The formally equal political environment since unification and also a massive transfer of material and non-material resources from western sister organizations have created conditions conducive to adjustment of the internal structures between East and West German parties. Based on empirical data from more than 140 local branches and 25 Land associations I compare major organizational characteristics of the parties in an East-West perspective.After an analysis of the development of the party organizations since unification, I describe the type of party organization that has emerged in eastern Germany in the course of the political and societal transformation. I argue that in spite of formally equal politi..." }, { "paper": "2560309705", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2001", "title": "the mirage of mexican guest workers", "label": [ "199776023", "199539241", "2776051254", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2121630241", "2805647769" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "passionate disagreement on both sides of the border in the past year new presidents have come to power in the two countries and have given priority to addressing the issue president vicente fox who refers to unauthorized mexicans in the united states as heroes has pledged to negotiate both a temporary labor program to bring mexican workers legally to the united states and a large scale regularization of status for some or all of the millions of illegal migrants already living there president george w bush who expresses real interest in mexico and high personal regard for his mexican counterpart has reciprocated fox s willingness to reach an agreement bush sees a potential benefit to u s agricultural employers in a mexico u s guest worker program and his administration has floated the possibility of legalizing millions of mexicans unlawfully resident in the united states in conjunction with such an initiative", "title_raw": "The Mirage of Mexican Guest Workers", "abstract_raw": "passionate disagreement on both sides of the border. In the past year, new presidents have come to power in the two countries and have given priority to addressing the issue. President Vicente Fox, who refers to unauthorized Mexicans in the United States as \"heroes,\" has pledged to negotiate both a temporary labor program to bring Mexican workers legally to the United States and a large-scale \"regularization of status\" for some or all of the millions of illegal migrants already living there. President George W. Bush, who expresses real interest in Mexico and high personal regard for his Mexican counterpart, has reciprocated Fox's willingness to reach an agreement. Bush sees a potential benefit to U.S. agricultural employers in a Mexico-U.S. guest worker program, and his administration has floated the possibility of legalizing millions of Mexicans unlawfully resident in the United States in conjunction with such an initiative." }, { "paper": "139631088", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2001", "title": "world war ii era claims against japanese companies", "label": [ "137355542" ], "author": [ "2579672349" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "World War II Era Claims Against Japanese Companies", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2083715498", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2001", "title": "the politics of human rights in east asia", "label": [ "94625758", "186780021", "169437150", "99000247", "76775654" ], "author": [ "2575989915" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Human Rights in East Asia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122965367", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2001", "title": "keeping tabs on partners the logic of delegation in coalition governments", "label": [ "86532276", "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2104053841" ], "reference": [ "13650810", "51618435", "648859359", "1522977723", "1530409431", "1539510064", "1539633078", "1551230775", "1565589301", "1998912793", "2006784793", "2007829457", "2018400246", "2026283560", "2034645929", "2132024057", "2140689529", "2140937397", "2151848478", "2314218013", "2327775228", "2498056624", "2505799625", "2796237318", "3022708157", "3154385873" ], "abstract": "government in this article i theorize about the conditions under which coalition partners should make efforts to keep tabs on each other s ministers and the ways in which they might do so i show that parties in italian dutch and multiparty japanese coalitions used their allotments of junior ministerial positions to shadow each other s ministers while parties in german coalitions relied instead on institutional devices to tie ministers", "title_raw": "Keeping Tabs on Partners: The Logic of Delegation in Coalition Governments", "abstract_raw": "government? In this article, I theorize about the conditions under which coalition partners should make efforts to keep tabs on each other's ministers and the ways in which they might do so. I show that parties in Italian, Dutch, and multiparty Japanese coalitions used their allotments of junior ministerial positions to shadow each other's ministers, while parties in German coalitions relied instead on institutional devices to tie ministers'" }, { "paper": "2064651397", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2001", "title": "feminists and the courts measuring success in interest group litigation in canada", "label": [ "2776748549", "165786947", "203566152", "2777596936", "199539241", "39549134", "2781301322", "2778449503" ], "author": [ "2167883888", "2438056629" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this study proposes a new model for assessing success in interest group litigation the model is applied to 47 appeal court rulings concerning feminist issues in 21 cases involving the canadian charter of rights and freedoms and 26 non charter cases the study operationalizes the concept of success by including not just outcome who wins but also the effect of the case on the policy status quo psq and the creation of favourable or unfavourable legal resources precedents feminist claims prevailed in 72 per cent of the cases the psq optic reveals that previous studies overstate the significance of feminist losses 13 since only three of these changed the psq in a direction opposed by feminists there were 17 cases that changed the psq in a direction desired by feminists feminist litigation has been most successful in the policy areas of abortion private sector discrimination and pornography success has been lowest in the areas of sexual assault and income tax these findings suggest that interest group litigation can achieve significant policy change and that the scope of policy studies should be expanded to include judge made policy", "title_raw": "Feminists and the Courts: Measuring Success in Interest Group Litigation in Canada", "abstract_raw": "This study proposes a new model for assessing success in interest group litigation. The model is applied to 47 appeal court rulings concerning feminist issues in 21 cases involving the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and 26 non-Charter cases. The study operationalizes the concept of ''success'' by including not just outcome (''who wins''), but also the effect of the case on the ''policy status quo'' (PSQ) and the creation of favourable or unfavourable legal resources (precedents). Feminist claims prevailed in 72 per cent of the cases. The PSQ optic reveals that previous studies overstate the significance of feminist losses (13), since only three of these changed the PSQ in a direction opposed by feminists. There were 17 cases that changed the PSQ in a direction desired by feminists. Feminist litigation has been most successful in the policy areas of abortion, private-sector discrimination and pornography. Success has been lowest in the areas of sexual assault and income tax. These findings suggest that interest group litigation can achieve significant policy change and that the scope of policy studies should be expanded to include judge-made policy." }, { "paper": "2028945552", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2001", "title": "uneasy democratizations pariah regimes political conditionality and reborn transitions in central and eastern europe", "label": [ "111439079", "17058734", "2781316041", "2780093650", "199539241", "2781205572", "94625758", "98383816" ], "author": [ "2713144710" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "with the diversity of regime changes in post communist europe it is important for democratization studies to accommodate cases that do not readily conform to liberal democracy as conventionally defined pariah regimes in transition is one category that needs exploring focusing as it does on the international dimension of regime change a thematic framework is developed for exploring this phenomenon which is now more visible given tighter conditionality demands by international organisations this is applied to four cases in central and eastern europe belarus romania croatia and serbia and then in greater detail to slovakia which became renowned for its flouting of political conditionality it is found that these cases are variable examples of pariah regimes but their commonalities include substantial issues most likely to provoke european opinion a high level of personalisation of pariah status and a significant influence of international pressures also on the one hand these pressures may be", "title_raw": "Uneasy Democratizations--Pariah Regimes, Political Conditionality and Reborn Transitions in Central and Eastern Europe", "abstract_raw": "With the diversity of regime changes in post-Communist Europe, it is important for democratization studies to accommodate cases that do not readily conform to liberal democracy as conventionally defined. Pariah regimes in transition is one category that needs exploring, focusing as it does on the international dimension of regime change. A thematic framework is developed for exploring this phenomenon which is now more visible given tighter conditionality demands by international organisations. This is applied to four cases in Central and Eastern Europe (Belarus, Romania, Croatia and Serbia) and then, in greater detail, to Slovakia which became renowned for its flouting of political conditionality. It is found that these cases are variable examples of pariah regimes, but their commonalities include substantial issues most likely to provoke European opinion, a high level of personalisation of pariah status and a significant influence of international pressures. Also, on the one hand, these pressures may be ..." }, { "paper": "2046617010", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2001", "title": "washington blood politics and the american red cross", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2084685189" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "washington Blood, politics, and the American Red Cross", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2059043809", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2001", "title": "africanists contributions to political science", "label": [ "82834280", "96756911", "31168002", "58805660", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2569826109" ], "reference": [ "112712066", "1582174699", "2024523856", "2070268205", "2078927042", "2101345083", "2138997834", "2160267949", "2796877392", "2802402771" ], "abstract": "in its ability to draw logically valid inferences from the data e g wallerstein 2000 in short all comparative political analysis is inherently conditional and thus provisional the best we can do is to ensure that our analytical instruments are as clearly specified as possible such problems notwithstanding comparative politics has evolved and continues to do so albeit in a different manner than initially anticipated earlier africanist contributions to the field and", "title_raw": "Africanists' Contributions to POlitical Science", "abstract_raw": "in its ability to draw logically valid inferences from the data (e.g., Wallerstein 2000). In short, all comparative political analysis is inherently conditional, and thus provisional. The best we can do is to ensure that our analytical instruments are as clearly specified as possible. Such problems notwithstanding, comparative politics has evolved and continues to do so, albeit in a different manner than initially anticipated. Earlier Africanist contributions to the field and" }, { "paper": "2001885644", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2001", "title": "the norm of consensus on the u s supreme court", "label": [ "94625758", "61192294", "47855350", "2781423480", "199539241", "523173360", "2778272461", "125559964" ], "author": [ "2194569528", "2118822850", "97746067" ], "reference": [ "163235141", "279215054", "1417017564", "1507583862", "1532379651", "1551446008", "1583017948", "1970218085", "1970666564", "2004953097", "2015890179", "2022369960", "2027838407", "2031353342", "2034759332", "2043206553", "2059507723", "2060330781", "2060955231", "2091711000", "2093270449", "2095631758", "2096995795", "2114709930", "2116761677", "2156188944", "2316315526", "2322958593", "2796130245", "2796273636", "2797086012", "2798229270", "2799838514", "2802807550", "3169775285" ], "abstract": "for four decades scholars have sought to explain the rise of dissensus on the u s supreme court while the specific explanations they offer vary virtually all rest on a common story during the nineteenth and into the twentieth century the supreme court followed a norm of consensus that is the justices may have privately disagreed over the outcomes of cases but masked their disagreement from the public by producing consensual opinions the problem with this story is that its underlying assumption lacks an empirical basis simply put there is no systematic evidence to show that a norm of consensus ever existed on the court we attempt to provide such evidence by turning to the docket books of chief justice waite 1874 1888 and making the following argument if a norm of consensus induced unanimity on courts of by gone eras then the norm may have manifested itself through public unanimity in the face of private conference disagreements our investigation which provides systematic support for this argument and thus for the existence of a norm of consensus raises important questions about publicly unified decision making bodies be they courts or other political organizations ver the course of four decades scholars have produced mounds of paper providing explanations for the cause of the dramatic phenomenon depicted in figure 1 the rise of dissensus on the u s supreme court e g caldeira and zorn 1998 halpern and vines 1977 mason 1956 murphy 1964 pritchett 1948 walker epstein and dixon 1988 1 certainly the specific reasons they offer vary compare goldman 1982 and haynie 1992 but the underlying story contemporary scholars tell does not during most of the nineteenth and into the twentieth century dissent rates remained low so the story goes because supreme court justices followed a norm of consensus reflecting their belief that unanimity would greatly strengthen the authority of the court and its rulings rehnquist 1996 58 see also beveridge 1919 goebel 1971 that is the justices may have privately disagreed over the outcomes of cases but they masked their disagreements from the public by producing consensual", "title_raw": "The Norm of Consensus on the U.S. Supreme Court", "abstract_raw": "For four decades scholars have sought to explain the rise of dissensus on the U.S. Supreme Court. While the specific explanations they offer vary, virtually all rest on a common story: during the nineteenth (and into the twentieth) century, the Supreme Court followed a norm of consensus. That is, the justices may have privately disagreed over the outcomes of cases but masked their disagreement from the public by producing consensual opinions. The problem with this story is that its underlying assumption lacks an empirical basis. Simply put, there is no systematic evidence to show that a norm of consensus ever existed on the Court. We attempt to provide such evidence by turning to the docket books of Chief Justice Waite (1874-1888) and making the following argument: if a norm of consensus induced unanimity on Courts of by-gone eras, then the norm may have manifested itself through public unanimity in the face of private conference disagreements. Our investigation, which provides systematic support for this argument and thus for the existence of a norm of consensus, raises important questions about publicly unified decision-making bodies, be they courts or other political organizations. ver the course of four decades, scholars have produced mounds of paper providing explanations for the cause of the dramatic phenomenon depicted in Figure 1: the rise of dissensus on the U.S. Supreme Court (e.g., Caldeira and Zorn 1998; Halpern and Vines 1977; Mason 1956; Murphy 1964; Pritchett 1948; Walker, Epstein, and Dixon 1988).1 Certainly the specific reasons they offer vary (compare Goldman 1982 and Haynie 1992), but the underlying story contemporary scholars tell does not. During most of the nineteenth (and into the twentieth) century dissent rates remained low, so the story goes, because Supreme Court justices followed a norm of consensus, reflecting their belief that unanimity would \"greatly strengthen the authority\" of the Court and its rulings (Rehnquist 1996, 58; see also Beveridge 1919; Goebel 1971). That is, the justices may have privately disagreed over the outcomes of cases but they masked their disagreements from the public by producing consensual" }, { "paper": "2138138013", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2001", "title": "failed crusade america and the tragedy of post communist russia by stephen f cohen new york w w norton 2000 320p 21 95", "label": [ "160842062", "555826173", "513891491", "17058734", "94625758", "206836424" ], "author": [ "2806031591" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "both of these books seek to explain the failure or shortcom ings of russia s postcommunist democratic experiment both are critical of much of the transition literature within political science and both identify certain features that make the prescriptions of that literature problematic within the rus sian and soviet contexts but they anchor their criticisms in contrasting explanations of the current travails one is rooted in the importation of inappropriate models of economic and social development under western prodding the other points to the weakness of russia s nascent civil society and the opportunities lost by political leaders to strengthen it they provide opposing views not only of the causal processes underlying failed or incomplete democratization within rus sia but also to some extent of the purposes of the social scientific enterprise itself", "title_raw": "Failed Crusade: America and the Tragedy of Post-Communist Russia. By Stephen F. Cohen. New York: W. W. Norton, 2000. 320p. $21.95.", "abstract_raw": "Both of these books seek to explain the failure or shortcom-\n ings of Russia's postcommunist democratic experiment. Both\n are critical of much of the transition literature within political\n science, and both identify certain features that make the\n prescriptions of that literature problematic within the Rus-\n sian and Soviet contexts. But they anchor their criticisms in\n contrasting explanations of the current travails. One is rooted\n in the importation of inappropriate models of economic and\n social development under Western prodding; the other\n points to the weakness of Russia's nascent civil society and\n the opportunities lost by political leaders to strengthen it.\n They provide opposing views not only of the causal processes\n underlying failed or incomplete democratization within Rus-\n sia but also to some extent of the purposes of the social\n scientific enterprise itself." }, { "paper": "2088369118", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2001", "title": "how new enlarged borders will reshape the european union", "label": [ "62908951", "165730261", "2778495208", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2018418348" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "debate about the final destination of european integration is again in vogue and it is largely state centric the future eu is usually seen as a new type of westphalian federal state with a central government in charge of a given territory with clear cut borders an overlap between its functional and geographic borders is also envisaged with few complicating opt outs and no variable geometry however this article shows that achieving an overlap between the functional and geographic borders of the eu is very unlikely given the huge degree of divergence that will result from the forthcoming enlargement the article also questions the eu s ability to acquire one of the most fundamental attributes of a westphalian type of state a fixed and relatively hard external border it offers evidence suggesting that an enlarged eu would more closely resemble a neo medieval empire rather than a neo westphalian state with serious practical and conceptual implications", "title_raw": "How New Enlarged Borders Will Reshape the European Union", "abstract_raw": "Debate about the final destination of European integration is again in vogue and it is largely state-centric. The future EU is usually seen as a new type of Westphalian (federal) state with a central government in charge of a given territory with clear-cut borders. An overlap between its functional and geographic borders is also envisaged with few complicating opt-outs, and no variable geometry. However, this article shows that achieving an overlap between the functional and geographic borders of the EU is very unlikely given the huge degree of divergence that will result from the forthcoming enlargement. The article also questions the EU's ability to acquire one of the most fundamental attributes of a Westphalian type of state: a fixed and relatively hard external border. It offers evidence suggesting that an enlarged EU would more closely resemble a neo-medieval empire rather than a neo-Westphalian state with serious practical and conceptual implications." }, { "paper": "2019459043", "venue": "167854760", "year": "2001", "title": "tourism development in bhutan tensions between tradition and modernity", "label": [ "53844881", "151807755", "18918823", "60671577", "75545042" ], "author": [ "2110533082", "2589920007", "2628943485", "2970691626" ], "reference": [ "1526208582", "1536630886", "1542773850", "1591607647", "2002827224", "2064481658", "2149076733", "2944038426" ], "abstract": "the demand for authentic cultural and nature based tourism experiences affects all cultures including the tiny himalayan kingdom of bhutan bhutan s dilemma is represented in its desire to share in global economic development while still retaining its traditional cultural identity in this paper we examine the relationship between tourism development bhutanese culture and environment narratives of cultural identity are considered in an analysis of primary and secondary data participant observation interviews plus electronic and printed texts to demonstrate that key stakeholders in bhutan favour a policy of cautious or middle path modernisation in which the bhutanese maintain control of the type and amount of tourism and its effect on cultural traditions religion and the natural environment bhutan s tourism s policy has been effective to date in limiting environmental and cultural impact from western tourism but as tourism demand is rapidly growing an assessment of the country s carryin", "title_raw": "Tourism development in Bhutan: Tensions between tradition and modernity", "abstract_raw": "The demand for 'authentic' cultural and nature-based tourism experiences affects all cultures, including the tiny Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan. Bhutan's dilemma is represented in its desire to share in global economic development while still retaining its traditional cultural identity. In this paper we examine the relationship between tourism, development, Bhutanese culture and environment. Narratives of cultural identity are considered in an analysis of primary and secondary data \u2013 participant observation, interviews, plus electronic and printed texts \u2013 to demonstrate that: key stakeholders in Bhutan favour a policy of cautious or 'middle path' modernisation in which the Bhutanese maintain control of the type and amount of tourism and its effect on cultural traditions, religion, and the natural environment. Bhutan's tourism's policy has been effective to date in limiting environmental and cultural impact from Western tourism. But as tourism demand is rapidly growing, an assessment of the country's carryin..." }, { "paper": "2083528696", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2001", "title": "the soft law approach commission rule making in the eu s state aid regime", "label": [ "2776398702", "2781019588", "3116431", "2780543919", "2776034101", "2779558720" ], "author": [ "2954659488" ], "reference": [ "65064199", "70159569", "266741243", "603066699", "656043972", "1778219609", "2042259504", "2283407336" ], "abstract": "this article draws attention to the commission s use of soft law within the eu state aid regime and discusses how the application of informal policy instruments by the commission has evolved since the early 1990s it argues that developments over the past decade have led to a hardening of the regulatory approach applied within the state aid regime an evolution which seems to run against a more general eu trend towards soft law and the introduction of softer forms of governance yet this policy development should not be read simply as a trend from hard law to soft law rather the reconfiguration of policy instruments used in the state aid regime reflects the challenges facing and the distinctive characteristics defining this policy area the article thus begins by introducing and defining soft law it then provides an overview of the distinctive characteristics of the eu s state aid regime and of commission rule making on state aid matters the article concludes by pointing to two legal events th", "title_raw": "The soft law approach: Commission rule-making in the EU's state aid regime", "abstract_raw": "This article draws attention to the Commission's use of soft law within the EU state aid regime and discusses how the application of informal policy instruments by the Commission has evolved since the early 1990s. It argues that developments over the past decade have led to a 'hardening' of the regulatory approach applied within the state aid regime, an evolution which seems to run against a more general EU trend towards soft law and the introduction of 'softer' forms of governance. Yet this policy development should not be read simply as a trend from hard law to soft law. Rather, the reconfiguration of policy instruments used in the state aid regime reflects the challenges facing, and the distinctive characteristics defining, this policy area. The article thus begins by introducing and defining soft law. It then provides an overview of the distinctive characteristics of the EU's state aid regime and of Commission rule-making on state aid matters. The article concludes by pointing to two legal 'events' th..." }, { "paper": "1993284950", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2001", "title": "internationalizing the public relations curriculum", "label": [ "120912362", "47177190", "125209646", "169536714", "2777301881", "39549134", "2779536466" ], "author": [ "2124352877" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "abstract this article offers public relations educators guidance on the multiple ways that they can internationalize the public relations curriculum at their schools public relations education currently includes classes that focus on writing and management however with the increasing importance of international communication many educators now see the need to create a course dedicated to international public relations this article provides three proven options that will allow educators to incorporate the topics of culture international practices and culturally sensitive theory development into their public relations programs", "title_raw": "Internationalizing the Public Relations Curriculum.", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This article offers public relations educators guidance on the multiple ways that they can internationalize the public relations curriculum at their schools. Public relations education currently includes classes that focus on writing and management. However, with the increasing importance of international communication, many educators now see the need to create a course dedicated to international public relations. This article provides three proven options that will allow educators to incorporate the topics of culture, international practices, and culturally sensitive theory development into their public relations programs." }, { "paper": "2078612419", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2001", "title": "a silver anniversary retrospective on david mayhew s congress the electoral connection", "label": [ "2776051254", "2776475305", "83009810", "522562087", "2776493517" ], "author": [ "2162378897" ], "reference": [ "1977825494", "2080554424", "2094647264", "2164540423" ], "abstract": "we agree that the analysis in the electoral connection has made an enduring contribution to our understanding of congress and american politics the primary reason for the book s enduring contribution is theory building on the work of anthony downs 1957 mayhew brought the power and parsimony of economic analysis to the study of congress in the process he inspired more rigorous theoretical and scientific study of congress at the same time he showed that economic analysis based on the assumption of purposeful behavior can be rigorous without being technical that is mayhew made his powerful theory accessible to a wide range of scholars we also agree that there are some limitations to mayhew s theory based on the assumption that members of congress are single minded reelection seekers as i have taught and discussed electoral connection over the years two criticisms have come up repeatedly one is that the analysis ignores policy except for the observation that office holders will take pleasing positions on policy issues in order to improve their election chances passing policy is irrelevant no one ever got defeated for failing to pass a bill but they do sometimes lose because they are on the wrong side of an issue mayhew s theory explains well why congress enacts pork and other distributive benefits it does not explain how and why congress occasionally enacts policy to serve a broader public interest in my view r douglas arnold 1990 overcame this limitation by specifying conditions under which members in mayhew s theoretical legislature of single minded reelection seekers will enact policy that serves a broader public interest basically they act to serve the public interest when it is in their electoral self interest to do so", "title_raw": "A Silver Anniversary Retrospective on David Mayhew's Congress: The Electoral Connection", "abstract_raw": "We agree that the analysis in the Electoral Connection has made an enduring contribution to our understanding of Congress and American politics. The primary reason for the book's enduring contribution is theory. Building on the work of Anthony Downs (1957), Mayhew brought the power and parsimony of economic analysis to the study of Congress. In the process, he inspired more rigorous theoretical and scientific study of Congress. At the same time, he showed that economic analysis based on the assumption of purposeful behavior can be rigorous without being technical. That is, Mayhew made his powerful theory accessible to a wide range of scholars. We also agree that there are some limitations to Mayhew's theory based on the assumption that members of Congress are single-minded reelection seekers. As I have taught and discussed Electoral Connection over the years, two criticisms have come up repeatedly. One is that the analysis ignores policy, except for the observation that office holders will take pleasing positions on policy issues in order to improve their election chances. Passing policy is irrelevant; no one ever got defeated for failing to pass a bill, but they do sometimes lose because they are on the wrong side of an issue. Mayhew's theory explains well why Congress enacts \"pork\" and other distributive benefits. It does not explain how and why Congress occasionally enacts policy to serve a broader \"public interest.\" In my view, R. Douglas Arnold (1990) overcame this limitation by specifying conditions under which members in Mayhew's theoretical legislature of single-minded reelection seekers will enact policy that serves a broader public interest. Basically, they act to serve the public interest when it is in their electoral self-interest to do so." }, { "paper": "2129125767", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2001", "title": "united nations refugee agency in kenya probes refugee extortion claims", "label": [ "173145845", "2779066997" ], "author": [ "82156632" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "United Nations refugee agency in Kenya probes refugee extortion claims", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2151446187", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2001", "title": "the 1999 presidential and legislative elections in niger", "label": [ "3116431", "83009810", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2549933065", "2512014305" ], "reference": [ "67130268", "1998342233", "2064588814", "2797558066" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The 1999 presidential and legislative elections in Niger", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "612298709", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2001", "title": "upington a story of trials and reconciliation", "label": [ "199539241", "2778358470" ], "author": [ "1953938128" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the story of 25 people accused of murdering a black policeman during the civil unrest in 1980s and of the white woman who became their lawyer", "title_raw": "Upington : a story of trials and reconciliation", "abstract_raw": "The story of 25 people accused of murdering a black policeman during the civil unrest in 1980s, and of the white woman who became their lawyer." }, { "paper": "1646860568", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "affymetrix settles suit fixes mouse chips", "label": [ "2780208285", "199539241", "2778449503" ], "author": [ "2133102182" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a leading maker of dna arrays affymetrix inc last week made peace with a rival british firm oxford gene technology ogt in a patent fight over fundamental dna array technology the settlement ends a bruising transatlantic battle that pitted affymetrix9s patents against similar patents in europe the companies have agreed to withdraw a string of lawsuits in the united states and europe and ogt is dropping an appeal it had planned to take to the house of lords", "title_raw": "Affymetrix Settles Suit, Fixes Mouse Chips", "abstract_raw": "A leading maker of DNA arrays, Affymetrix Inc., last week made peace with a rival British firm, Oxford Gene Technology (OGT), in a patent fight over fundamental DNA array technology. The settlement ends a bruising transatlantic battle that pitted Affymetrix9s patents against similar patents in Europe. The companies have agreed to withdraw a string of lawsuits in the United States and Europe, and OGT is dropping an appeal it had planned to take to the House of Lords." }, { "paper": "2013147898", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2001", "title": "under new management", "label": [ "203566152", "188888794", "109986646", "3116431", "123587114" ], "author": [ "2288416748" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Under new management.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1522304098", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2001", "title": "public affairs management activities of german multinational corporations in india", "label": [ "193257486", "158016649", "2781206490", "119232533", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2096233995", "298005116" ], "reference": [ "140335938", "366856601", "572148341", "1494840639", "1498387173", "1499467004", "1505888976", "1507539711", "1531564873", "1590553046", "1966412323", "1967662664", "1971477699", "1977638109", "1982895506", "1985288898", "2013020170", "2015860170", "2035943167", "2046926848", "2047735993", "2050969182", "2056312716", "2069401889", "2076415632", "2083551634", "2088508036", "2090359053", "2105000800", "2141951329", "2155804478", "2181456162", "2239997836", "2488739699", "2591900173", "2890495741", "2932440884", "2970763598", "3134939880" ], "abstract": "in this paper the importance of public affairs management in multinational corporations in india will be examined after briefly discussing the state of the art in international business and society literature a conceptual framework for public affairs management in multinational corporations will be developed this framework serves as the theoretical basis for an empirical study among german multinational corporations in india in the main part of this paper the results of this study will be presented and discussed the paper ends with a critical assessment and some major implications for future studies", "title_raw": "Public affairs management activities of German multinational corporations in india", "abstract_raw": "In this paper the importance of public affairs management in multinational corporations in India will be examined. After briefly discussing the state of the art in international business and society literature, a conceptual framework for public affairs management in multinational corporations will be developed. This framework serves as the theoretical basis for an empirical study among German multinational corporations in India. In the main part of this paper the results of this study will be presented and discussed. The paper ends with a critical assessment and some major implications for future studies." }, { "paper": "2011670905", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2001", "title": "the refugee convention at 50 forced migration policy at the turn of the century report of the seventh international research and advisory panel conference of the international association for the study of forced migration january 2001", "label": [ "173145845", "3116431", "541189924", "199539241", "2780608745" ], "author": [ "2660324612" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Refugee Convention at 50: Forced Migration Policy at the Turn of the Century. Report of the Seventh International Research and Advisory Panel Conference of the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration, January 2001", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2013893400", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2001", "title": "geopolitical challenges to the success of democracy in north africa algeria tunisia and morocco", "label": [ "34355311", "199539241", "17058734", "93377909", "2780932887", "68346564", "555826173", "2779655753", "63504599" ], "author": [ "2148215786" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the promotion of democracy in developing countries has been at the top of the foreign policy agenda of most western countries in the last decade this stems from the liberal sentiment that the spread of democracy is the basis for international peace however the continuities of power politics outnumber the novelties of the international environment this article argues that processes of democratization cannot be simply understood in light of the role of new concepts such as international legal norms liberal ideals and economic globalization geopolitical understanding is key to explaining both failures and successes of attempts to democratize the study highlights how western promotion of democracy is in fact the pursuit of selfish interests and democracy is a criterion that powerful countries apply to serve their national interest this can be clearly witnessed when accounting for western policies in the maghreb where the west supports brutal authoritarian regimes for geopolitical benefits the connect", "title_raw": "Geopolitical Challenges to the Success of Democracy in North Africa: Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco", "abstract_raw": "The promotion of democracy in developing countries has been at the top of the foreign policy agenda of most western countries in the last decade. This stems from the liberal sentiment that the spread of democracy is the basis for international peace. However, the continuities of power politics outnumber the novelties of the international environment. This article argues that processes of democratization cannot be simply understood in light of the role of new concepts such as international legal norms, liberal ideals and economic globalization. Geopolitical understanding is key to explaining both failures and successes of attempts to democratize. The study highlights how western promotion of democracy is in fact the pursuit of selfish interests and democracy is a criterion that powerful countries apply to serve their national interest. This can be clearly witnessed when accounting for western policies in the Maghreb where the West supports brutal authoritarian regimes for geopolitical benefits. The connect..." }, { "paper": "2066608814", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "goldin quits top space agency post but his legacy lingers", "label": [ "199539241", "2776742560", "148834064", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "1893168251" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "revolution is an overused term in washington a city always claiming to be reinventing its institutions but when nasa chief dan goldin departs next month after nearly a decade of service he will leave behind a u s civilian space program that even his harshest critics say has been streamlined modernized and made more flexible unfortunately goldin is also walking away from an agency struggling with huge cost overruns on the space station an aging shuttle system and a simmering revolt by life and microgravity scientists and his take no prisoners management style has created a power vacuum within the agency s upper ranks a 30 year veteran of the aerospace industry goldin imposed a faster cheaper better philosophy on an institution that had grown accustomed to multibillion dollar science and human space flight efforts each of which required decades to complete he was somewhat brilliant in technical matters and had the social skills and stamina to get across his message says one veteran agency manager for the most part he succeeded in his revolution and the science program is better for it but the cost of that revolution was high say those who worked with him the change was difficult he was a brutal person to work for recalls wesley huntress who served as goldin s space science chief and who now is a geophysicist at the carnegie institution of washington goldin s resignation came after the white house declined to send a signal that it wanted him to remain even though it has been having trouble finding a successor according to administration sources he went public with his decision on 17 october 1 day after his chief of space flight joseph rothenberg announced his retirement goldin will leave in mid november because the deputy administrator slot has never been filled under goldin s tenure the two vacancies will leave the agency very thin at the top former senator jake garn r ut and thomas moorman an aerospace executive and retired air force general are rumored to be current candidates for the top job figure 1 figure 1 friend of science dan goldin nurtured space science at nasa including a planned europa mission that will search for life on the jovian moon even as funding for human space flight dropped significantly during his tenure credits top to bottom rick kozak source nasa goldin was named administrator in april 1992 after a series of agency embarrassments including the hubble space telescope s faulty vision he wasted no time in revamping mammoth projects under his tenure for example the 15 billion earth observing system was split up into large and small satellites while a series of smaller planetary spacecraft were openly competed the 1993 failure of the 1 billion mars observer gave goldin the chance to apply that philosophy to the agency s mars program but the approach which resulted in the successful landing of the innovative mars pathfinder was called into question after the 1999 failures of the mars polar lander and mars climate orbiter mishaps that many blamed on hasty attempts to cut corners on costs goldin also tried to cancel the 3 billion cassini mission to saturn in favor of less massive approaches but he lost out to congressional and scientific pressure to spare the program despite those defeats goldin is credited with a successful reformulation of nasa s scientific goals he raised the level of space science in the agency says huntress adds john logsdon a political scientist at george washington university he made the science program conceptually interesting and now it has a strategic vision goldin s most ambitious attempt to rethink the agency s scientific mission built upon the discovery of purported evidence of ancient fossil life in a mars meteorite found in antarctica science 16 august 1996 pp 864 2 and 924 3 that announcement although controversial invigorated efforts at nasa to find extrasolar planets and explore bodies within the solar system such as jupiter s moon europa where conditions may be conducive to life the approach using the hubble space telescope and future missions won strong backing from the clinton white house but other pieces of goldin s science legacy shine less brightly he was late in revamping the agency s troubled life and microgravity sciences program which remains stymied by a lack of leadership flight opportunities and respect from the larger biological and physical sciences communities the space station s voracious appetite for construction funds has put planned scientific facilities on the back burner and recent moves to scale back crew size on the station may limit the number and scope of life and microgravity experiments that can be performed there goldin s proclivity to use and discard managers could cause problems for his successor he left no disciples no legacy within the ranks says one senior government official who worked closely with him his abrasiveness and the fact that he was a holdover from the clinton administration left him without support in the new white house placing him in limbo since january aides say but even without friends or a following in the bush administration goldin s revolution may now be so deeply rooted that it cannot be reversed 1 pending yes 2 lookup volpage 273 864 3 lookup volpage 273 924", "title_raw": "Goldin Quits Top Space Agency Post, But His Legacy Lingers", "abstract_raw": "Revolution is an overused term in Washington, a city always claiming to be reinventing its institutions. But when NASA chief Dan Goldin departs next month after nearly a decade of service, he will leave behind a U.S. civilian space program that even his harshest critics say has been streamlined, modernized, and made more flexible. Unfortunately, Goldin is also walking away from an agency struggling with huge cost overruns on the space station, an aging shuttle system, and a simmering revolt by life and microgravity scientists. And his take-no-prisoners management style has created a power vacuum within the agency's upper ranks.\n\nA 30-year veteran of the aerospace industry, Goldin imposed a \u201cfaster, cheaper, better\u201d philosophy on an institution that had grown accustomed to multibillion-dollar science and human space flight efforts, each of which required decades to complete. \u201cHe was somewhat brilliant in technical matters and had the social skills and stamina to get across his message,\u201d says one veteran agency manager. \u201cFor the most part, he succeeded in his revolution\u2014and the science program is better for it.\u201d But the cost of that revolution was high, say those who worked with him. \u201cThe change was difficult: He was a brutal person to work for,\u201d recalls Wesley Huntress, who served as Goldin's space science chief and who now is a geophysicist at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.\n\nGoldin's resignation came after the White House declined to send a signal that it wanted him to remain, even though it has been having trouble finding a successor, according to Administration sources. He went public with his decision on 17 October, 1 day after his chief of space flight, Joseph Rothenberg, announced his retirement. Goldin will leave in mid-November. Because the deputy administrator slot has never been filled under Goldin's tenure, the two vacancies will leave the agency very thin at the top. Former Senator Jake Garn (R-UT) and Thomas Moorman, an aerospace executive and retired Air Force general, are rumored to be current candidates for the top job.\n\n![Figure][1] ![Figure][1] \n\nFriend of science. \nDan Goldin nurtured space science at NASA, including a planned Europa mission that will search for life on the Jovian moon, even as funding for human space flight dropped significantly during his tenure.\n\nCREDITS: (TOP TO BOTTOM) RICK KOZAK; SOURCE: NASA\n\nGoldin was named administrator in April 1992 after a series of agency embarrassments, including the Hubble Space Telescope's faulty vision. He wasted no time in revamping mammoth projects. Under his tenure, for example, the $15 billion Earth Observing System was split up into large and small satellites, while a series of smaller planetary spacecraft were openly competed. The 1993 failure of the $1 billion Mars Observer gave Goldin the chance to apply that philosophy to the agency's Mars program. But the approach\u2014which resulted in the successful landing of the innovative Mars Pathfinder\u2014was called into question after the 1999 failures of the Mars Polar Lander and Mars Climate Orbiter, mishaps that many blamed on hasty attempts to cut corners on costs. Goldin also tried to cancel the $3 billion Cassini mission to Saturn in favor of less massive approaches, but he lost out to congressional and scientific pressure to spare the program.\n\nDespite those defeats, Goldin is credited with a successful reformulation of NASA's scientific goals. \u201cHe raised the level of space science in the agency,\u201d says Huntress. Adds John Logsdon, a political scientist at George Washington University, \u201cHe made the science program conceptually interesting, and now it has a strategic vision.\u201d\n\nGoldin's most ambitious attempt to rethink the agency's scientific mission built upon the discovery of purported evidence of ancient fossil life in a Mars meteorite found in Antarctica ( Science , 16 August 1996, pp. [864][2] and [924][3]). That announcement, although controversial, invigorated efforts at NASA to find extrasolar planets and explore bodies within the solar system, such as Jupiter's moon Europa, where conditions may be conducive to life. The approach, using the Hubble Space Telescope and future missions, won strong backing from the Clinton White House.\n\nBut other pieces of Goldin's science legacy shine less brightly. He was late in revamping the agency's troubled life and microgravity sciences program, which remains stymied by a lack of leadership, flight opportunities, and respect from the larger biological and physical sciences communities. The space station's voracious appetite for construction funds has put planned scientific facilities on the back burner. And recent moves to scale back crew size on the station may limit the number and scope of life and microgravity experiments that can be performed there.\n\nGoldin's proclivity to use and discard managers could cause problems for his successor. \u201cHe left no disciples, no legacy within the ranks,\u201d says one senior government official who worked closely with him. His abrasiveness and the fact that he was a holdover from the Clinton Administration left him without support in the new White House, placing him in limbo since January, aides say. But even without friends or a following in the Bush Administration, Goldin's revolution may now be so deeply rooted that it cannot be reversed.\n\n [1]: pending:yes\n [2]: /lookup/volpage/273/864\n [3]: /lookup/volpage/273/924" }, { "paper": "59772307", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2001", "title": "application of fifth amendment to overseas torture of alien", "label": [ "544040105", "2779184190", "199539241", "200724805" ], "author": [ "2579672349" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Application of Fifth Amendment to Overseas Torture of Alien", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2032684875", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2001", "title": "democratization backwards the problem of third wave democracies", "label": [ "2777522198", "2776847301", "134698397", "555826173", "17058734", "2776398702", "68346564", "513891491" ], "author": [ "2107461743", "2942625836" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "countries in the third wave of democratization have introduced competitive elections before establishing basic institutions of a modern state such as the rule of law institutions of civil society and the accountability of governors by contrast countries in the first wave of democratization became modern states before universal suffrage was introduced because they have democratized backwards most third wave countries are currently incomplete democracies incomplete democracies can develop in three different ways completing democratization repudiating free elections and turning to an undemocratic alternative or falling into a low level equilibrium trap in which the inadequacies of elites are matched by low popular demands and expectations the significance of incomplete democratization is shown by analysing public opinion survey data from three new democracies varying in their predecessor regimes the russian federation a totalitarian past the czech republic both a democratic and a totalitarian past and the republic of korea formerly an authoritarian military regime", "title_raw": "Democratization Backwards: The Problem of Third-Wave Democracies", "abstract_raw": "Countries in the third wave of democratization have introduced competitive elections before establishing basic institutions of a modern state such as the rule of law, institutions of civil society and the accountability of governors. By contrast, countries in the first wave of democratization became modern states before universal suffrage was introduced. Because they have democratized backwards, most third-wave countries are currently incomplete democracies. Incomplete democracies can develop in three different ways: completing democratization; repudiating free elections and turning to an undemocratic alternative; or falling into a low-level equilibrium trap in which the inadequacies of elites are matched by low popular demands and expectations. The significance of incomplete democratization is shown by analysing public opinion survey data from three new democracies varying in their predecessor regimes: the Russian Federation (a totalitarian past); the Czech Republic (both a democratic and a totalitarian past) and the Republic of Korea (formerly an authoritarian military regime)." }, { "paper": "1993886135", "venue": "9731383", "year": "2001", "title": "changing knowledge production and latin american universities", "label": [ "158886217" ], "author": [ "683745433", "3049282570" ], "reference": [ "22159487", "65545027", "561479456", "570269341", "613534365", "636065348", "1583195554", "1878190442", "1981681100", "1988493318", "1998393081", "2035079097", "2050409955", "2065800539", "2071281746", "2073555950", "2746063429", "2800683804", "3014913590", "3186861947" ], "abstract": "abstract this article examines some of the main issues affecting knowledge production in latin america the focus is on universities because they are the principal regional producers of knowledge up to now the paper compares changes and continuities concerning academic values and attitudes governmental policies university industry relations and endogenous knowledge generation analysing also the connection between the structurally unachieved national systems of innovation nsi in latin america and the social loneliness of universities the article finishes by sketching alternative scenarios for the future interaction between knowledge generation and university transformation", "title_raw": "Changing knowledge production and Latin American universities", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This article examines some of the main issues affecting knowledge production in Latin America. The focus is on universities, because they are the principal regional producers of knowledge up to now. The paper compares changes and continuities concerning academic values and attitudes, governmental policies, university\u2013industry relations and endogenous knowledge generation, analysing also the connection between the \u2018structurally unachieved\u2019 National Systems of Innovation (NSI) in Latin America and the social \u2018loneliness\u2019 of universities. The article finishes by sketching alternative scenarios for the future interaction between knowledge generation and university transformation." }, { "paper": "2104772551", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2001", "title": "free online availability substantially increases a paper s impact", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2114878113" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impact.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1973727003", "venue": "48869744", "year": "2001", "title": "legislative politics in authoritarian brazil", "label": [ "2776051254", "555826173", "68346564", "83009810", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "289733848" ], "reference": [ "1240473211", "1977072143", "1981357072", "2018293412", "2035444026", "2053365080", "2060503750", "2092773109", "2109080352", "2137662801", "2317232670", "2323723497", "2325695635", "2331743792", "2626674521", "2729794181", "2943388862", "2993458552" ], "abstract": "this paper provides the first model of legislative behavior in nondemocratic settings many authoritarian regimes have sought to maintain a facade of democracy by creating puppet legislatures these legislatures should always support the regime since uncooperative behavior risks career ending punishments but in spite of potentially high costs legislators do sometimes rebel against military executives i show how legislative rebellion can be a rational strategy even under authoritarian rule when applied to data from brazil the model reveals the durable power of the electoral connection and patronage politics the methods and model could be easily applied to other cases of legislative rebellion against nondemocratic executives", "title_raw": "Legislative Politics in Authoritarian Brazil", "abstract_raw": "This paper provides the first model of legislative behavior in nondemocratic settings. Many authoritarian regimes have sought to maintain a facade of democracy by creating \u201cpuppet\u201d legislatures. These legislatures should always support the regime since uncooperative behavior risks career-ending punishments. But in spite of potentially high costs, legislators do sometimes rebel against military executives. I show how legislative rebellion can be a rational strategy\u2014even under authoritarian rule. When applied to data from Brazil, the model reveals the durable power of the electoral connection and patronage politics. The methods and model could be easily applied to other cases of legislative rebellion against nondemocratic executives." }, { "paper": "2101398538", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2001", "title": "divided government and economic voting", "label": [ "520049643", "87001247", "199539241", "131364728", "148834064", "2781243023", "2776213154" ], "author": [ "109299089" ], "reference": [ "626858470", "1479859493", "1967000664", "1974305747", "1981993278", "1983611588", "1986540218", "1992987457", "2005295938", "2009927633", "2014430074", "2020694618", "2055565339", "2063163557", "2065700246", "2097908050", "2103937568", "2130924472", "2138285599", "2157381595", "2312949963", "2316318579", "2323021782", "2329103711", "2333811651", "2334633004", "3158024119" ], "abstract": "with one party in charge of the presidency and the other one in charge of congress how are american voters supposed to allocate credit and blame for the government s economic performance the following solutions are proposed and tested hung jury where voters refuse to render an economic judgment on either president or congress split verdict where voters reach separate judgments depending on whichever party is in control of a given branch president liable where the electorate solves the responsibility problem by singling out the president and absolving congress and congress liable with the roles of president and congress reversed the results show that the president liable model wins easily under varying configurations of divided government as well as economic conditions divided government poses no noticeable obstacle for retrospective voting on the economy", "title_raw": "Divided Government and Economic Voting", "abstract_raw": "With one party in charge of the presidency and the other one in charge of Congress, how are American voters supposed to allocate credit and blame for the government's economic performance? The following solutions are proposed and tested: Hung Jury, where voters refuse to render an economic judgment on either president or Congress; Split Verdict, where voters reach separate judgments depending on whichever party is in control of a given branch; President Liable, where the electorate solves the responsibility problem by singling out the President and absolving Congress; and Congress Liable, with the roles of president and Congress reversed. The results show that the President Liable model wins easily under varying configurations of divided government as well as economic conditions. Divided government poses no noticeable obstacle for retrospective voting on the economy." }, { "paper": "1664996322", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2001", "title": "government spurns human genome effort", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "1999455310", "248640445" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "russian sciencemoscow as most nations rush to mine the riches of the human genome russia is moving to eviscerate its 12 year old national human genome program nhgp science has learned that the science ministry plans to strip the nhgp of its special funding status and fold the money into a general pot for basic research beyond imposing a 50 cut in direct spending on genome research the move will affect millions of dollars in other research activities that the genome program helped to manage", "title_raw": "Government Spurns Human Genome Effort", "abstract_raw": "RUSSIAN SCIENCEMOSCOW-- As most nations rush to mine the riches of the human genome, Russia is moving to eviscerate its 12-year-old National Human Genome Program (NHGP). Science has learned that the science ministry plans to strip the NHGP of its special funding status and fold the money into a general pot for basic research. Beyond imposing a 50% cut in direct spending on genome research, the move will affect millions of dollars in other research activities that the genome program helped to manage." }, { "paper": "1993605513", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2001", "title": "camouflage and conspiracy the militia movement from ruby ridge to y2k", "label": [ "158071213", "148834064", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2312840181" ], "reference": [ "377140671", "411366104", "577176362", "604637354", "633390615", "1530452877", "1885812005", "2037939684", "2073221031", "2124850472", "2567814103", "3035652694", "3039485141" ], "abstract": "the militia movement is a right wing movement that arose following controversial standoffs in the 1990s it inherited paramilitary traditions of earlier groups especially the conspiratorial antigovernment posse comitatus the militia movement claims that militia movement claims that militia groups are sanctioned by law but uncontrolled by government in fact they are designed to oppose a tyrannical government adherents believe that behind the tyranny is a left wing globalist conspiracy known as the new world order the movement s ideology has led some adherents to commit criminal acts including stockpiling illegal weapons and explosives and plotting to destroy buildings or assassinate public officials as well as lesser confrontations", "title_raw": "Camouflage and Conspiracy: The Militia Movement From Ruby Ridge to Y2K", "abstract_raw": "The militia movement is a right-wing movement that arose following controversial standoffs in the 1990s. It inherited paramilitary traditions of earlier groups, especially the conspiratorial, antigovernment Posse Comitatus. The militia movement claims that militia movement claims that militia groups are sanctioned by law but uncontrolled by government; in fact, they are designed to oppose a tyrannical government. Adherents believe that behind the \u201ctyranny\u201d is a left-wing, globalist conspiracy known as the New World Order. The movement's ideology has led some adherents to commit criminal acts, including stockpiling illegal weapons and explosives and plotting to destroy buildings or assassinate public officials, as well as lesser confrontations." }, { "paper": "1888079120", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2001", "title": "radical media rebellious communication and social movements", "label": [ "123108692" ], "author": [ "2436632859" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Radical Media: Rebellious Communication and Social Movements", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2056778826", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2002", "title": "does cultural diversity affect countries respect for human rights", "label": [ "125209646", "71735400", "136800757", "138147947", "2778745096", "137403100", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2300985188", "1968046019" ], "reference": [ "1570811415", "1778912028", "1925504877", "1988797246", "2009166421", "2026656335", "2037688810", "2064201228", "2081401123", "2097391516", "2138833481", "2315276129", "2321718921", "2322489158", "2326199522", "2557524237", "3122106120" ], "abstract": "in the post world war ii era international human rights standards have evolved establishing in law a set of basic rights designed to guarantee an acceptable level of personal dignity for all people a long list of human rights is presented in the universal declaration of human rights1 and later covenants and conventions increasingly the degree to which these human rights are realized is considered an important standard of a regime s performance in this paper we will examine the relationship between cultural diversity which we also will call ethnic heterogeneity or fractionalization", "title_raw": "Does Cultural Diversity Affect Countries' Respect for Human Rights?", "abstract_raw": "In the post-World War II era, international human rights standards have evolved, establishing in law a set of basic rights designed to guarantee an acceptable level of personal dignity for all people. A long list of human rights is presented in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights1 and later covenants and conventions. Increasingly, the degree to which these human rights are realized is considered an important standard of a regime's performance. In this paper we will examine the relationship between cultural diversity (which we also will call ethnic heterogeneity or fractionalization)" }, { "paper": "1997167030", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2002", "title": "hate crime as a crime category worthy of policy attention", "label": [ "2777363581", "2777351106", "199539241", "83009810", "2776398702", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2687295835" ], "reference": [ "67426952", "631269461", "639156419", "2003997025", "2022748297", "2031837710", "2057108921", "2059962051", "2070111224", "2112479649", "2132036659" ], "abstract": "after more than a decade of legislative activity on hate crimes a growing number of people are challenging the validity of hate crimes as a separate crime category with separate punishments the question that begs to be answered is whether hate crimes are deserving of a separate and unique policy response the author argues that they are by addressing a number of key factors including the long standing existence of crime hierarchies the historical role of the federal government to protect individuals from harm the increased impact of hate crimes on the victim how hate crimes serve to intimidate entire communities are widespread and underreported and not impossible to determine motive the author also provides a historical perspective on hate crimes as a crime category and a summary of federal and state hate crime legislation she lists legitimate concerns of hate crime policy and urges a focus on prevention", "title_raw": "Hate Crime as a Crime Category Worthy of Policy Attention", "abstract_raw": "After more than a decade of legislative activity on hate crimes, a growing number of people are challenging the validity of hate crimes as a separate crime category with separate punishments. The question that begs to be answered is whether hate crimes are deserving of a separate and unique policy response. The author argues that they are by addressing a number of key factors including: the long-standing existence of crime hierarchies; the historical role of the federal government to protect individuals from harm; the increased impact of hate crimes on the victim; how hate crimes serve to intimidate entire communities, are widespread and underreported, and not impossible to determine motive. The author also provides a historical perspective on hate crimes as a crime category and a summary of federal and state hate crime legislation. She lists legitimate concerns of hate crime policy and urges a focus on prevention." }, { "paper": "2099448751", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2002", "title": "justin lewis constructing public opinion how political elites do what they like and why we seem to go along with it", "label": [ "94625758", "39549134", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2681596660" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Justin Lewis, Constructing Public Opinion: How Political Elites Do What They Like and Why We Seem to Go Along with It", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2093080193", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "after politics the rejection of politics in contemporary liberal philosophy by glen newey new york palgrave 2001 253p 68 00", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2933807211" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "After Politics: The Rejection of Politics in Contemporary Liberal Philosophy. By Glen Newey. New York: Palgrave, 2001. 253p. $68.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2922834369", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2002", "title": "sandra f vanburkleo belonging to the world women s rights and american constitutional culture bicentennial essays on the bill of rights new york oxford university press 2001 pp xix 409 24 95", "label": [ "2780169623" ], "author": [ "2752141542" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sandra F. VanBurkleo. \u201cBelonging to the World\u201d Women's Rights and American Constitutional Culture. (Bicentennial Essays on the Bill of Rights.) New York: Oxford University Press. 2001. Pp. xix, 409. $24.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2062226926", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2002", "title": "from guerrillas to government the eritrean people s liberation front by david pool oxford james currey and athens ohio university press 2001 pp 206 14 95 pbk", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "311615556" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "From Guerrillas to Government: the Eritrean People's Liberation Front by DAVID POOL Oxford: James Currey and Athens: Ohio University Press, 2001. Pp. 206. \u00a314.95 (pbk.).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1539344765", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2002", "title": "setting an agenda for local action the limits of expert opinion and community voice", "label": [ "2780966255", "39549134", "148834064", "3116431", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2152697791", "1863566553", "1932690343" ], "reference": [ "26006333", "628657325", "2107012356", "2111791062" ], "abstract": "many social programs funded by government or philanthropy begin with efforts to improve local conditions with strategic planning mandated by funders these processes aim to include the views of community residents and those with technical expertise program leaders are left to reconcile public and expert opinions in determining how to shape their programs the experience of the robert wood johnson foundation s urban health initiative suggests that although consultation with experts and the public failed to reveal a clear assessment of the community s problems or their solutions it did assist in engaging diverse groups despite this engagement however core leaders wielded substantial power in selecting the agenda", "title_raw": "Setting an agenda for local action: The limits of expert opinion and community voice", "abstract_raw": "Many social programs, funded by government or philanthropy, begin with efforts to improve local conditions with strategic planning. Mandated by funders, these processes aim to include the views of community residents and those with technical expertise. Program leaders are left to reconcile public and expert opinions in determining how to shape their programs. The experience of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Urban Health Initiative suggests that although consultation with experts and the public failed to reveal a clear assessment of the community's problems or their solutions, it did assist in engaging diverse groups. Despite this engagement, however, core leaders wielded substantial power in selecting the agenda." }, { "paper": "2034814640", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2002", "title": "changing windows on a changing china the evolving think tank system and the case of the public security sector", "label": [ "2780625559", "3116431", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2169351403" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the entrepreneurial second generation of chinese policy research institutes often called think tanks that emerged during the 1980s played a pivotal role in the policy process of reform since tiananmen china s growing commercialization is spawning a third generation of think tanks characterized by even more ambiguous links to sponsoring leaders and institutions greatly expanded commercial links greater exposure to western theories and techniques and the gradual emergence of wide ranging policy communities the extent of this change varies greatly across policy sectors however generational change is evident in china s previously unstudied network of public security police think tanks though clearly still of the second generation variety these institutes have been in the forefront of importing and incorporating more sophisticated crime fighting techniques and less class based and conspiratorial theories of crime and social unrest", "title_raw": "Changing Windows on a Changing China: The Evolving \u201cThink Tank\u201d System and the Case of the Public Security Sector", "abstract_raw": "The entrepreneurial \u201csecond generation\u201d of Chinese policy research institutes (often called think tanks) that emerged during the 1980s played a pivotal role in the policy process of reform. Since Tiananmen, China's growing commercialization is spawning a \u201cthird generation\u201d of think tanks characterized by even more ambiguous links to sponsoring leaders and institutions, greatly expanded commercial links, greater exposure to Western theories and techniques, and the gradual emergence of wide-ranging \u201cpolicy communities.\u201d The extent of this change varies greatly across policy sectors, however. Generational change is evident in China's previously unstudied network of public security (police) think tanks. Though clearly still of the \u201csecond generation\u201d variety, these institutes have been in the forefront of importing and incorporating more sophisticated crime-fighting techniques and less class-based and conspiratorial theories of crime and social unrest." }, { "paper": "2326315454", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2002", "title": "maneuvers the international politics of militarizing women s lives", "label": [ "3116431", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2163236414", "2030389298" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1623288471", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "planned misconduct surveys meet stiff resistance", "label": [ "148834064", "2780587575", "48798503" ], "author": [ "2188333814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "research ethicsthe government s office of research integrity ori has built its reputation on high profile investigations into alleged fraud attracting both praise and ridicule now ori is trying to blaze a trail in understanding and then preventing scientific misconduct but its new direction seems equally controversial one proposed survey has already been shot down by the white house and another is under fire from two prominent biomedical research groups", "title_raw": "Planned Misconduct Surveys Meet Stiff Resistance", "abstract_raw": "RESEARCH ETHICSThe government's Office of Research Integrity (ORI) has built its reputation on high-profile investigations into alleged fraud, attracting both praise and ridicule. Now ORI is trying to blaze a trail in understanding, and then preventing, scientific misconduct. But its new direction seems equally controversial: One proposed survey has already been shot down by the White House, and another is under fire from two prominent biomedical research groups." }, { "paper": "2944251705", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "democracy in divided societies electoral engineering for conflict management by benjamin reilly cambridge cambridge university press 2001 232p 60 00 cloth 22 00 paper", "label": [ "555826173", "2779683958" ], "author": [ "1941522418" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democracy in Divided Societies: Electoral Engineering for Conflict Management. By Benjamin Reilly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 232p. $60.00 cloth, $22.00 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "260538160", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2002", "title": "in defense of public opinion polling", "label": [ "39549134", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2484014315" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "In Defense of Public Opinion Polling", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3125192838", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2002", "title": "she the people the nineteenth amendment sex equality federalism and the family", "label": [ "2777782604", "2776154427", "2778272461", "2776713681", "2781067243", "533735693", "199539241", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2119513568" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "She the People: The Nineteenth Amendment, Sex Equality, Federalism, and the Family", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2802421943", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2002", "title": "the celtic tiger the myth of social partnership in ireland", "label": [ "2776445660" ], "author": [ "2800377259", "2802015909" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Celtic Tiger: The Myth of Social Partnership in Ireland", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2031632025", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2002", "title": "system structure campaign stimuli and voter falloff in runoff primaries", "label": [ "2779838221", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2110722302", "1752160229", "293135177" ], "reference": [ "1497013238", "1897051556", "1977825494", "1987204889", "1988794876", "1995659523", "1998972803", "2008477779", "2017326478", "2021751490", "2034149444", "2034795151", "2044297556", "2053606735", "2063207532", "2078646629", "2090873117", "2099856122", "2106605967", "2117590443", "2119820089", "2161102606", "2166469903", "2169469303", "2312401014", "2332511867", "2333632593", "2342894228", "2745341799", "2802187462" ], "abstract": "in a model that relies entirely on legal and structural factors wright 1989 seeks to account for changes in voter participation from the initial primary to the runoff this article tests an alternative campaign centered model of voter turnout in 109 congressional runoffs from 1982 through 1996 the analysis indicates that candidate centered factors including the amount of money expended by the candidates in the runoff and the political experience of the primary leader influence turnout in runoff primaries generally when more money is spent during the runoff voter participation declines less relative to the initial primary suggesting that a more stimulated political environment encourages greater participation spending before the initial primary is less influential than spending between the primary and runoff in maintaining voter turnout which indicates that any potential effects from stimulation of the environment in the prior campaign have largely dissipated by the time of the second election", "title_raw": "System Structure, Campaign Stimuli, and Voter Falloff in Runoff Primaries", "abstract_raw": "In a model that relies entirely on legal and structural factors, Wright (1989) seeks to account for changes in voter participation from the initial primary to the runoff. This article tests an alternative, campaign-centered model of voter turnout in 109 congressional runoffs from 1982 through 1996. The analysis indicates that candidate-centered factors, including the amount of money expended by the candidates in the runoff and the political experience of the primary leader, influence turnout in runoff primaries. Generally, when more money is spent during the runoff, voter participation declines less relative to the initial primary, suggesting that a more stimulated political environment encourages greater participation. Spending before the initial primary is less influential than spending between the primary and runoff in maintaining voter turnout, which indicates that any potential effects from stimulation of the environment in the prior campaign have largely dissipated by the time of the second election." }, { "paper": "2029781469", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2002", "title": "fighting terrorism in southern asia the lessons of history", "label": [ "203133693" ], "author": [ "2639838551" ], "reference": [ "95514945", "382747323", "577575538", "587802698", "596563496", "636795147", "640542977", "1585844671", "1603565721", "1973021592", "2038967594", "2065518499", "2069862425", "2080310256", "2252924792", "2546190698", "2546773544", "2573192151", "2800260188", "2802892701", "2883140201", "3013368043" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Fighting Terrorism in Southern Asia: The Lessons of History", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2349941196", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "peacemaking in rwanda the dynamics of failure by bruce d jones boulder co lynne rienner 2001 200p 49 95", "label": [ "2775842811" ], "author": [ "2166923051" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Peacemaking in Rwanda: The Dynamics of Failure. By Bruce D. Jones. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2001. 200p. $49.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2370504823", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2002", "title": "mba education and cultivation of china s professional managers", "label": [ "63504599", "191935318", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2628439447" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "mba is one of the effective means to cultivate and train professional mangers concerning with the economic globalization and the challenges from china s wto entry there exists a great gap in mba education aiming at training professional managers for enterprises we should further deepen the reform to realize a continual and sound development of mba education", "title_raw": "MBA education and cultivation of China's professional managers", "abstract_raw": "MBA is one of the effective means to cultivate and train professional mangers. Concerning with the economic globalization and the challenges from China's WTO entry, there exists a great gap in MBA education. Aiming at training professional managers for enterprises, we should further deepen the reform to realize a continual and sound development of MBA education." }, { "paper": "3048957837", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2002", "title": "aleinikoff t alexander and douglas klusmeyer eds citizenship today global perspectives and practices", "label": [ "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2110092026", "2193259973" ], "reference": [ "137918387" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Aleinikoff, T. Alexander, and Douglas Klusmeyer (eds.). Citizenship Today: Global Perspectives and Practices", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2006108997", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2002", "title": "plant biology goes public", "label": [ "147859227" ], "author": [ "79892936" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "while industrial agrobiotech r d falters opportunities in plant biology in the public sector are growing says virginia gewin", "title_raw": "Plant biology goes public", "abstract_raw": "While industrial agrobiotech R&D falters, opportunities in plant biology in the public sector are growing, says Virginia Gewin." }, { "paper": "1602944094", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2002", "title": "public consultation for sustainable development policy initiatives manitoba approaches", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064", "552854447", "2780402928", "203566152", "44725695", "2777976496" ], "author": [ "2160869528" ], "reference": [ "130228337", "2005577270", "2020436535", "2025832786", "2036512098", "2059590019", "2084944434", "2113619703", "2123281817", "2124866710", "2150872285", "2313439621" ], "abstract": "public involvement in government decisionmaking regarding sustainable development is a complex and difficult problem this paper suggests that weak public consultation occurring at the operational planning level is partly responsible for the lack of policy innovation in this realm a case study technique considers approaches to public consultation in formulating sustainable development policy in manitoba canada using document review and qualitative interviews 2 specific periods of policy development are traced with the outcomes of each being measured against creative consultative approaches established in the literature it is revealed that using more complex consultative approaches at the normative policy planning level has many positive implications such as mutual education and learning participant satisfaction policy innovation that has broad based support and results with lasting implications on consultative processes", "title_raw": "PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY INITIATIVES: MANITOBA APPROACHES", "abstract_raw": "Public involvement in government decisionmaking regarding sustainable development is a complex and difficult problem. This paper suggests that weak public consultation, occurring at the operational planning level, is partly responsible for the lack of policy innovation in this realm. A case study technique considers approaches to public consultation in formulating sustainable development policy in Manitoba, Canada. Using document review and qualitative interviews, 2 specific periods of policy development are traced with the outcomes of each being measured against creative consultative approaches established in the literature. It is revealed that using more complex consultative approaches at the normative policy planning level has many positive implications, such as mutual education and learning, participant satisfaction, policy innovation that has broad-based support, and results with lasting implications on consultative processes." }, { "paper": "1987997643", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2002", "title": "from old thinking to new thinking in qualitative research", "label": [ "2776051254", "94625758", "34355311", "2119116", "101173714" ], "author": [ "2111794975", "719201379" ], "reference": [ "74800840", "147691332", "629529086", "1994619684", "1997662028", "2008919931", "2009424346", "2031940005", "2035062991", "2039406194", "2094736317", "2164136973", "2168414102", "2336080559", "3028486165" ], "abstract": "robert english has provided a strongly written critique of our article power globalization and the end of the cold war 1 unfortunately his reply may have the unintended consequence of reinforcing a pernicious but popular view among political scientists that qualitative research especially on single cases cannot generate progress here we have a case of seminal importance that has attracted the sustained attention of dozens of international relations scholars for more than a decade and yet it appears that scholars are still involved in what looks like an interminable historians debate over causes in this article we show that such a reaction would be utterly unjustiaed we have two basic responses first much of english s critique misses the mark because it is based on a misunderstanding of our research design second his reply is nonetheless a test of our major andings conducted by a skeptical and talented researcher our analysis passes this tough test though english does advance some useful criticisms we proceed in four sections first we show that major progress has been made in explaining the end of the cold war and establishing its theoretical implications the debate now turns mainly on how to assess the causal implications of widely accepted andings which is why issues of qualitative research design are so important in the second section we demonstrate the importance of moving beyond the framework of necessary and sufacient conditions toward a more probabilistic approach because it is constrained by the old framework english s reply cannot directly engage much of our analysis third we explain how we designed our research on this case to assess endogeneity a failure to appreciate why and how we tackled this key issue is the source of english s serious and wrong charge that our research was biased the fourth section addresses english s most central empirical challenge concerning hard line alternatives to soviet retrenchment in this case as in so many others new versus old thinking in qualitative research", "title_raw": "From Old Thinking to New Thinking in Qualitative Research", "abstract_raw": "Robert English has provided a strongly written critique of our article \u201cPower, Globalization, and the End of the Cold War.\u201d1 Unfortunately, his reply may have the unintended consequence of reinforcing a pernicious but popular view among political scientists that qualitative research\u2014especially on single cases\u2014cannot generate progress. Here we have a case of seminal importance that has attracted the sustained attention of dozens of international relations scholars for more than a decade, and yet it appears that scholars are still involved in what looks like an interminable historians\u2019 debate over causes. In this article we show that such a reaction would be utterly unjustiaed. We have two basic responses. First, much of English\u2019s critique misses the mark because it is based on a misunderstanding of our research design. Second, his reply is nonetheless a test of our major andings conducted by a skeptical and talented researcher. Our analysis passes this tough test, though English does advance some useful criticisms. We proceed in four sections. First, we show that major progress has been made in explaining the end of the Cold War and establishing its theoretical implications. The debate now turns mainly on how to assess the causal implications of widely accepted andings, which is why issues of qualitative research design are so important. In the second section, we demonstrate the importance of moving beyond the framework of necessary and sufacient conditions toward a more probabilistic approach. Because it is constrained by the old framework, English\u2019s reply cannot directly engage much of our analysis. Third, we explain how we designed our research on this case to assess endogeneity. A failure to appreciate why and how we tackled this key issue is the source of English\u2019s serious\u2014and wrong\u2014charge that our research was \u201cbiased.\u201d The fourth section addresses English\u2019s most central empirical challenge concerning hard-line alternatives to Soviet retrenchment. In this case, as in so many others, New versus Old Thinking in Qualitative Research" }, { "paper": "2065822134", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2002", "title": "das selbstbestimmungsrecht der sri lanka tamilen zwischen sezession und integration the law of self determination of the sri lankan tamils between secession and integration by frank florian seifert beitrage zur sudasiensforschung band 187 stuttgart franz steiner verlag 2000 394 pp", "label": [ "96572226", "22020750", "2780857596" ], "author": [ "2688457283", "2394853587" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Sri Lanka\u2014Tamilen zwischen Sezession und Integration (The law of self-determination of the Sri Lankan Tamils between secession and integration). By Frank-Florian Seifert. Beitr\u00e4ge zur S\u00fcdasiensforschung, Band 187. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2000. 394 pp.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2111190077", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "the east european gypsies regime change marginality and ethnopolitics by zoltan barany cambridge cambridge university press 2001 384p 70 00 cloth 25 00 paper", "label": [ "2780093650" ], "author": [ "2064473193" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The East European Gypsies: Regime Change, Marginality, and Ethnopolitics. By Zoltan Barany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 384p. $70.00 cloth, $25.00 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2147590467", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2002", "title": "issue attributes and agenda setting by media the public and policymakers in canada", "label": [ "3116431", "39549134" ], "author": [ "1995175055" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Issue Attributes and Agenda\u2010Setting by Media, the Public, and Policymakers in Canada", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2049694721", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "usa bars funds slated for un population fund", "label": [ "148834064", "2776742560", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2461024690" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "on july 22 2002 the state department announced that the bush administration will withhold us 34 million from the un population fund unfpa that congress had allocated charging that the unfpa supports the programs in china that force women to have abortions and to undergo involuntary sterilization in contrast an independent panel which was sent to evaluate unfpa programs in china reported that it found no evidence that unfpa has knowingly supported or participated in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization thus the panel recommended that the us funds be released however the panel did find that government programs still retained coercive elements in law and practice and the panel recommended that no us funds be given directly to the chinese population programs", "title_raw": "USA bars funds slated for UN Population Fund", "abstract_raw": "On July 22 2002 the State Department announced that the Bush administration will withhold US$34 million from the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) that Congress had allocated charging that the UNFPA supports the programs in China that force women to have abortions and to undergo involuntary sterilization. In contrast an independent panel which was sent to evaluate UNFPA programs in China reported that it found no evidence that UNFPA has knowingly supported or participated in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization. Thus the panel recommended that the US funds be released. However the panel did find that government programs still retained coercive elements in law and practice and the panel recommended that no US funds be given directly to the Chinese population programs." }, { "paper": "1968423425", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2002", "title": "book review bonnie honig democracy and the foreigner princeton nj princeton university press 2001 17 95 pbk", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2142901973" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Bonnie Honig, Democracy and the Foreigner (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001, \u00a317.95 pbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2249449988", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2002", "title": "more less or more of the same trends in state level social policy in the 1990s", "label": [ "19159745", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "1948843566", "2627110010", "2307524468" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "More? Less? Or More of the Same? Trends in State Level Social Policy in the 1990s", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2086425025", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2002", "title": "summit vague answers to well known problems", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2121666659", "2301003942" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Summit: vague answers to well-known problems?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2058952821", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "will the global fund help roll back malaria in africa", "label": [ "2779872411", "2776605987" ], "author": [ "175338457", "2287806044" ], "reference": [ "2028626843", "2114269034" ], "abstract": "support per person for antimalaria actions approved by the global fund to fight aids tuberculosis and malaria gfatm remains paltry given the needs of africa many national proposals for prevention and control received no support proposals endorsed for funding by the board will provide on average us 0 17 per person at risk during the first year at this level the targets agreed at abuja have no chance of being met the current cautionary policy of the global fund which impels it to invest mainly in projects that pursue limited goals will impede national roll back malaria efforts malaria cannot afford to remain a poor cousin to the other diseases of poverty within gfatms funding process the international community cannot afford to let the fund become another missed opportunity to make a difference excerpt", "title_raw": "Will the Global Fund help roll back malaria in Africa", "abstract_raw": "Support per person for antimalaria actions approved by the Global Fund to fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) remains paltry given the needs of Africa. Many national proposals for prevention and control received no support. Proposals endorsed for funding by the Board will provide on average US$0.17 per person at risk during the first year. At this level the targets agreed at Abuja have no chance of being met. The current cautionary policy of the Global Fund which impels it to invest mainly in projects that pursue limited goals will impede national Roll Back Malaria efforts. Malaria cannot afford to remain a poor cousin to the other diseases of poverty within GFATMs funding process. The international community cannot afford to let the Fund become another missed opportunity to make a difference. (excerpt)" }, { "paper": "2014304630", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2002", "title": "book review shelley wright international human rights decolonisation andglobalisation becoming human london routledge 2001 274 pp 60 00 hbk", "label": [ "135544838", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2567809596" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Shelley Wright, International Human Rights, Decolonisation andGlobalisation: Becoming Human (London: Routledge, 2001, 274 pp., \u00a360.00 hbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1496375791", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "gruss takes max planck helm", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2257487784", "2014282320" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "halle an der saale germany in his first full day on the job as president of germany9s premier research organization the max planck society mpg peter gruss was spared a possible cut in the organization9s government funding but the threat of future belt tightening could still jeopardize his efforts to forge stronger links with german universities and keep mpg at the forefront of world science", "title_raw": "Gruss Takes Max Planck Helm", "abstract_raw": "HALLE AN DER SAALE, GERMANY--\n In his first full day on the job as president of Germany9s premier research organization, the Max Planck Society (MPG), Peter Gruss was spared a possible cut in the organization9s government funding. But the threat of future belt-tightening could still jeopardize his efforts to forge stronger links with German universities and keep MPG at the forefront of world science." }, { "paper": "2070824564", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2002", "title": "the question of animal rights", "label": [ "538525177" ], "author": [ "3038114501" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The question of animal rights", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1986681605", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2002", "title": "the struggle over eu enlargement a historical materialist analysis of european integration", "label": [ "45237549", "2778431023", "3020650785", "160159729" ], "author": [ "2085845755" ], "reference": [ "54979760", "115014430", "229486677", "561666324", "583756583", "601565866", "612679358", "619086769", "643729052", "654120928", "1497402381", "1503675001", "1514080163", "1517851900", "1524120777", "1530606971", "1531997028", "1580214978", "1828617744", "1857336725", "1967703979", "1973179602", "1975915916", "1984692413", "2025962218", "2038894972", "2074087931", "2080293232", "2080656602", "2167052916", "2469455512", "2501087933", "2502095056", "2506648013", "2607092262", "3023918333" ], "abstract": "this article argues with the help of a neo gramscian perspective that neo liberal restructuring is the social purpose underlying austria s and sweden s accession to the eu in 1995 as well as future enlargements towards central and eastern europe the way in which enlargement has come about has differed however on the one hand class struggle occurred mainly at the austrian and swedish national level while a historical bloc in favour of eu membership was established in austria by internationally oriented capital and labour swedish transnational capital and labour only formed a strong pro eu alliance because transnational capital favoured the eu for its neo liberal restructuring while transnational labour hoped to regain control over capital at a higher level on the other hand neo liberal restructuring in central and eastern europe has to be secured externally via eu membership based on an alliance between central and eastern european state elites and transnational capital represented by the commi", "title_raw": "The struggle over EU enlargement: a historical materialist analysis of European integration", "abstract_raw": "This article argues with the help of a neo-Gramscian perspective that neo-liberal restructuring is the social purpose underlying Austria's and Sweden's accession to the EU in 1995 as well as future enlargements towards Central and Eastern Europe. The way in which enlargement has come about has differed, however. On the one hand, class struggle occurred mainly at the Austrian and Swedish national level. While a historical bloc in favour of EU membership was established in Austria by internationally oriented capital and labour, Swedish transnational capital and labour only formed a strong pro-EU alliance, because transnational capital favoured the EU for its neo-liberal restructuring, while transnational labour hoped to regain control over capital at a higher level. On the other hand, neo-liberal restructuring in Central and Eastern Europe has to be secured externally via EU membership, based on an alliance between Central and Eastern European state elites and transnational capital, represented by the Commi..." }, { "paper": "2115671085", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2002", "title": "china s tibet policy", "label": [ "555826173", "21711469", "191935318", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2667431263" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this major study analyses the traditional modes of sino tibetan relations in order to unearth general patterns beyond partisan points of view it sheds light on contemporary issues in the sino tibetan dialogue and discerns possible future structures for conflict resolution in occupied tibet with its economic reforms china is changing and will change more in the near future thereby expanding the scope for freedom and democracy it is in such a context that several leading chinese intellectuals have since the early 1990s called for a fresh examination of the history of sino tibetan relations in order to determine the actual status of tibet this book is a tibetan s contribution to this great debate tibet is often viewed in isolation from other developments in asia or the west this book for the first time analyses the tibetan question within the context of international politics especially the roles of britain india the usa and russia in paving peaceful ways to conflict resolution in tibet", "title_raw": "China's Tibet Policy", "abstract_raw": "This major study analyses the traditional modes of Sino-Tibetan relations in order to unearth general patterns beyond partisan points of view. It sheds light on contemporary issues in the Sino-Tibetan dialogue, and discerns possible future structures for conflict resolution in occupied Tibet. With its economic reforms, China is changing and will change more in the near future, thereby expanding the scope for freedom and democracy. It is in such a context that several leading Chinese intellectuals have, since the early 1990s, called for a fresh examination of the history of Sino-Tibetan relations in order to determine the actual status of Tibet. This book is a Tibetan's contribution to this great debate. Tibet is often viewed in isolation from other developments in Asia or the West. This book, for the first time, analyses the Tibetan question within the context of international politics, especially the roles of Britain, India, the USA and Russia in paving peaceful ways to conflict resolution in Tibet." }, { "paper": "2023640998", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2002", "title": "arab science is not stifled by censorship", "label": [ "52930066" ], "author": [ "2248774844" ], "reference": [ "2020837338" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Arab science is not stifled by censorship.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2322375509", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2002", "title": "amateur legislators professional politicians the consequences of party centered electoral rules in a federal system", "label": [ "533735693", "2781287902", "94625758", "2778044066", "109986646" ], "author": [ "2119318350", "2240873976", "1348044092", "2180440830" ], "reference": [ "176138310", "913412328", "1543247094", "1592669368", "1978648732", "1981719767", "2018400246", "2035593435", "2055474187", "2074507317", "2079753759", "2132653534", "2146164587", "2164540423", "2317265313", "2942859112", "3021304644" ], "abstract": "the argentine congress plays a limited role in the production of public policy and is a relatively ineffective check on the argentine executive branch we argue this is the combined result of incentives created by several features of argentine political institutions in this article we emphasize the role of the country s electoral rules which place the legislator re election decision not in the hands of the voters but rather in the hands of the provincial govemor party boss es these rules limit legislators ability to develop a professional legis lative career and reduce their incen", "title_raw": "Amateur Legislators -- Professional Politicians: The Consequences of Party-Centered Electoral Rules in a Federal System", "abstract_raw": "The Argentine Congress plays a limited role in the production of public policy and is a relatively ineffective check on the Argentine Executive Branch. We argue this is the combined result of incentives created by several features of Argentine political institutions. In this article we emphasize the role of the country's electoral rules, which place the legislator re? election decision not in the hands of the voters, but rather in the hands of the provincial govemor/party boss(es). These rules limit legislators' ability to develop a professional legis? lative career and reduce their incen?" }, { "paper": "2062291742", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2002", "title": "political party opposition to noncompetitive regimes a cross national analysis", "label": [ "2778814104", "2777162435", "523173360", "94625758", "83009810", "2780668109", "199539241", "169437150", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2150558929" ], "reference": [ "381200745", "588008712", "606862305", "1512244446", "1533369859", "1833042173", "1973526011", "1975809714", "2002371391", "2016014574", "2016382728", "2023263241", "2023777287", "2038631063", "2051733957", "2060001942", "2067731432", "2069652074", "2070899178", "2076855500", "2083277050", "2100085203", "2105085480", "2125353502", "2131770423", "2157391464", "2167835051", "2250357148", "2316354684", "2319065580", "2326788321", "2505545969", "2797299262", "2799700790", "2954428866", "3122731489", "3125087600", "3158546031" ], "abstract": "many competitive parties have witnessed the overthrow of competitive regimes but the activities of political parties under noncompetitive regimes have received very little scholarly attention several authors suggest that parties constrained in their conventional activities will take part in protest or political violence referred to here as contentious political action i first examine the activities of 51 political parties in 24 non competitive regimes and establish that a majority of these parties over 62 percent did take part in contentious political action second i attempt to explain the great variance in the incidence of party led dissent using the theoretical framework of the political process opportunities approach a multivariate analysis suggests that parties will take part in greater levels of contention when the country s government has been criticized for human rights abuses when repression of party organizations is low and when repression of party leaders is at an intermediate level political parties in many developing democracies have faced the imposition of noncompetitive regimes an important but neglected question concerns what parties do in this situation several scholars suggest that political parties facing limits on their ability to compete for power through elections and legislatures will respond with unconventional contentious tactics dahl 1973 blondel 1997 aminzade 1995 in this article i first examine whether or not parties facing noncompetitive regimes actively resist i find that many parties do resist and that there is considerable variance in the incidence frequency and duration of contentious acts in which parties took part some parties organized massive sustained campaigns of resistance against the noncompetitive regime while others took part in protests quite infrequently and several parties never openly resisted the noncompetitive regime at all in the second part of this article i attempt to explain these substantial differences in the incidence of contentious action which parties take part theoretical propositions are derived from the literature on contentious politics these propositions are tested for a sample of 51 political parties in 24 countries the findings show that these differences can best be explained by variances in the levels of repression and by opportunities created by external criticism of the government s human rights record do parties resist several works from the literature on political oppositions suggest that disloyal and unconventional opposition strategies are more likely to occur in regimes that do not allow significant inter party competition dahl 1973 13 asserts that in such noncompetitive regimes opposition that would be loyal if it were tolerated becomes disloyal because it is not tolerated furthermore blondel 1997 473 argues that the fact that the government decrees that no opposition party is allowed does not mean that opposition parties do not exist or even that these bodies are silent indeed opposition may well be or become more radical and indeed probably more violent where it is not overtly tolerated than where it is tolerated aminzade 1995 offers an example in which this principle is applied he shows that the french republican party which had preferred parliamentary tactics under a relatively democratic regime changed its tactics to disruptive unconventional political action after the laws ensuring effective party competition were overturned by the government therefore we can derive the testable assertion that opposition parties will respond to the establishment of noncompetitive regimes by using unconventional political strategies which we can refer to as contentious political action developing the sample while a few authors have studied the contentious activities of political parties in particular countries e g constable and valenzuela 1991 kinzo 1988 valenzuela and valenzuela 1986 i know of no comparative studies", "title_raw": "Political Party Opposition to Noncompetitive Regimes: A Cross-National Analysis", "abstract_raw": "Many competitive parties have witnessed the overthrow of competitive regimes, but the activities of political parties under noncompetitive regimes have received very little scholarly attention. Several authors suggest that parties, constrained in their conventional activities, will take part in protest or political violence (referred to here as contentious political action). I first examine the activities of 51 political parties in 24 non-- competitive regimes and establish that a majority of these parties (over 62 percent) did take part in contentious political action. Second, I attempt to explain the great variance in the incidence of party-led dissent using the theoretical framework of the political process-opportunities approach. A multivariate analysis suggests that parties will take part in greater levels of contention when the country's government has been criticized for human rights abuses, when repression of party organizations is low, and when repression of party leaders is at an intermediate level. Political parties in many developing democracies have faced the imposition of noncompetitive regimes. An important but neglected question concerns what parties do in this situation. Several scholars suggest that political parties, facing limits on their ability to compete for power through elections and legislatures, will respond with unconventional, contentious tactics (Dahl 1973; Blondel 1997; Aminzade 1995). In this article, I first examine whether or not parties facing noncompetitive regimes actively resist. I find that many parties do resist and that there is considerable variance in the incidence (frequency and duration) of contentious acts in which parties took part. Some parties organized massive, sustained campaigns of resistance against the noncompetitive regime, while others took part in protests quite infrequently, and several parties never openly resisted the noncompetitive regime at all. In the second part of this article, I attempt to explain these substantial differences in the incidence of contentious action which parties take part. Theoretical propositions are derived from the literature on contentious politics. These propositions are tested for a sample of 51 political parties in 24 countries. The findings show that these differences can best be explained by variances in the levels of repression and by opportunities created by external criticism of the government's human rights record. DO PARTIES RESIST? Several works from the literature on political oppositions suggest that disloyal and unconventional opposition strategies are more likely to occur in regimes that do not allow significant inter-party competition. Dahl (1973: 13) asserts that in such noncompetitive regimes, \"opposition that would be loyal if it were tolerated becomes disloyal because it is not tolerated.\" Furthermore, Blondel (1997: 473) argues that the fact that \"the government decrees that no opposition party is allowed does not mean that opposition parties do not exist or even that these bodies are silent: indeed opposition may well be (or become) more radical and indeed probably more violent where it is not overtly tolerated than where it is tolerated.\" Aminzade (1995) offers an example in which this principle is applied. He shows that the French Republican Party, which had preferred parliamentary tactics under a relatively democratic regime, changed its tactics to disruptive, unconventional political action after the laws ensuring effective party competition were overturned by the government. Therefore, we can derive the testable assertion that opposition parties will respond to the establishment of noncompetitive regimes by using unconventional political strategies, which we can refer to as contentious political action. Developing the Sample While a few authors have studied the contentious activities of political parties in particular countries (e.g., Constable and Valenzuela 1991; Kinzo 1988; Valenzuela and Valenzuela 1986), I know of no comparative studies. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2066362474", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2002", "title": "review the gentle civilizer of nations the rise and fall of international law 1870 1960 martti koskenniemi the gentle civilizer of nations the rise and fall of international law 1870 1960", "label": [ "199539241", "55447825" ], "author": [ "2338127075" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review: The Gentle Civilizer of Nations: The Rise and Fall of International Law 1870\u20131960 Martti Koskenniemi The Gentle Civilizer of Nations: The Rise and Fall of International Law 1870\u20131960", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1488935054", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "questions swirl over knockout gas used in hostage crisis", "label": [ "187155963", "2780491143" ], "author": [ "1621321188", "2274243332" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "toxicologycambridge u k and washington d c scientists are still speculating about the exact nature of the gas that subdued the chechen terrorists but also killed 118 hostages in a moscow theater on 26 october experts are doubtful about the official russian explanation which is that the gas was a derivative of fentanyl an opiate hopes for a clearer picture are now riding on toxicological analyses on western hostages", "title_raw": "Questions Swirl Over Knockout Gas Used in Hostage Crisis", "abstract_raw": "TOXICOLOGYCAMBRIDGE, U.K., AND WASHINGTON, D.C.-- Scientists are still speculating about the exact nature of the gas that subdued the Chechen terrorists but also killed 118 hostages in a Moscow theater on 26 October. Experts are doubtful about the official Russian explanation, which is that the gas was a derivative of fentanyl, an opiate. Hopes for a clearer picture are now riding on toxicological analyses on Western hostages." }, { "paper": "1979393099", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2002", "title": "reviews of books the political work of northern women writers and the civil war 1850 1872 lyde cullin sizer", "label": [ "94625758", "199539241", "81631423" ], "author": [ "255759365" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reviews of Books:The Political Work of Northern Women Writers and the Civil War, 1850-1872 Lyde Cullin Sizer", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2015615051", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "irish referendum result", "label": [ "199539241", "2781462389", "148834064", "2778272461", "2777351106" ], "author": [ "2252689836" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "on march 6 2002 irish voters rejected the latest abortion referendum thus defeating the governments attempt to negate the x case ruling by the irish supreme court in 1992 that allowed a pregnant woman at risk of committing suicide to end her pregnancy 50 42 voted no and 49 58 voted yes while many voters said they were confused by legislation issues", "title_raw": "Irish referendum result", "abstract_raw": "On March 6 2002 Irish voters rejected the latest abortion referendum thus defeating the governments attempt to negate the X-case ruling by the Irish Supreme Court in 1992 that allowed a pregnant woman at risk of committing suicide to end her pregnancy. 50-42% voted no and 49-58% voted yes while many voters said they were confused by legislation issues." }, { "paper": "2006828074", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "the future of the nyas", "label": [ "148834064", "44877443", "199539241", "161936438", "2780620123", "2777720223" ], "author": [ "2329358422" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "jeffrey mervis s profile of the new york academy of sciences nyas how fast can an old dog learn new tricks news focus 8 march p 1824 1 illustrates the challenges faced by multidisciplinary organizations in serving their members in a rapidly changing world how to fulfill our missions and stay relevant to our members while remaining financially healthy and independent mervis largely excludes what the academy is doing to meet these challenges while searching for a new leader we are already putting in place several strategies that exploit our core strengths such as expanding our program of conferences on interdisciplinary frontier issues under a new initiative on mind brain and society for example we have already scheduled integrative conferences on the cell biology of parkinson s disease and the roots of mental illness in children as well as programs that bring biologists social scientists ethicists and humanities scholars together to discuss the nature of the self the prevention of youth violence and the role of beauty in art and science our meetings in new york have been strengthened by the addition of new series of programs in hot areas and we are exploring academy sponsored lectures and multidisciplinary meetings in different cities on issues of current interest in the united states and abroad to allow more members to participate in activities closer to where they live the academy s science education efforts also are being enhanced by organization of national and international discussions and working groups on specific issues related to how students are taught and learn science and we will continue to serve government business and society at large in an advisory capacity in short the old dog of your headline is well on its way to demonstrating some bright new tricks as it approaches its 200th birthday article title 2 mervis s article does not present a complete picture of a vital and important organization in the scientific community from his article it would seem that everyone on the academy s board of governors is either unhappy about recent events or abandoning the ship altogether as a current board member and former board chair i can assure you that this is not the case i believe that the majority of my colleagues are committed to the organization confident about its ability to withstand the current storms and excited about its future as in any governing body there are differing opinions about particular directions or actions to take but there is strong endorsement of the overall strategies and support for current chairman torsten wiesel two issues before the board repeatedly in recent years were the future of the sciences magazine and declining membership numbers the magazine was a respected publication that many of us loved but it was a terrible financial drain on the academy and it provided virtually no coverage of academy activities or concerns consequently few members of the public even knew that the magazine represented the academy many of our members expressed dismay when the magazine was shut down but the greatest decline in the academy s membership occurred while the magazine was being published in fact the 12 month membership renewal rate has actually improved slightly since the magazine s demise the academy is 15 years away from its 200th anniversary i believe as do many many others that it will reach that milestone in fine shape with an even stronger future ahead article title 3 in his article about the nyas mervis reports several assertions by former academy ceo rodney nichols that seriously distort both the financial circumstances of the academy s erstwhile magazine the sciences and the views of academy members toward it most misleading is the claim in mervis s article that the sciences was losing about 750 000 annually those losses however were a consequence of the way members dues were allocated shortly before the magazine was shut down in may 2001 the allocations of members dues to income for the sciences were reduced to zero that did indeed produce a 750 000 loss another of nichols s misdirections also reported by mervis is the claim that people who dropped their academy membership rarely took out a subscription to the sciences what nichols neglected to mention is that the academy never tried to identify stealth subscribers who had once been members nor did it ever knowingly market subscriptions to lapsed members most members were probably not even aware that stand alone subscriptions were available at about 20 a year in fact member surveys done throughout the 1990s and continuing into 2000 consistently showed that academy members rated the sciences as the most important and most satisfying tangible benefit of their membership members also rated the sciences as the top reason for renewing their memberships perhaps less relevant but nonetheless a matter of justifiable membership pride was that the american society of magazine editors repeatedly honored the editors of the sciences for producing one of the best magazines in america with good will and renewed interest from the academy it is not impossible even at this late date that the sciences could be revived for the reasons amply documented in mervis s article however the time for such a revival is growing short 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 295 5561 1824", "title_raw": "The future of the NYAS.", "abstract_raw": "Jeffrey Mervis's profile of the New York Academy of Sciences (NYAS) (\u201cHow fast can an old dog learn new tricks?\u201d News Focus, 8 March, p. [1824][1]) illustrates the challenges faced by multidisciplinary organizations in serving their members in a rapidly changing world\u2014how to fulfill our missions and stay relevant to our members, while remaining financially healthy and independent.\n\nMervis largely excludes what the Academy is doing to meet these challenges. While searching for a new leader, we are already putting in place several strategies that exploit our core strengths, such as expanding our program of conferences on interdisciplinary frontier issues. Under a new initiative on \u201cmind, brain and society,\u201d for example, we have already scheduled integrative conferences on the cell biology of Parkinson's disease and the roots of mental illness in children, as well as programs that bring biologists, social scientists, ethicists, and humanities scholars together to discuss the nature of the self, the prevention of youth violence, and the role of beauty in art and science.\n\nOur meetings in New York have been strengthened by the addition of new series of programs in \u201chot\u201d areas, and we are exploring Academy-sponsored lectures and multidisciplinary meetings in different cities on issues of current interest in the United States and abroad, to allow more members to participate in activities closer to where they live.\n\nThe Academy's science education efforts also are being enhanced by organization of national and international discussions and working groups on specific issues related to how students are taught and learn science. And we will continue to serve government, business, and society at large in an advisory capacity.\n\nIn short, the \u201cold dog\u201d of your headline is well on its way to demonstrating some bright new tricks as it approaches its 200th birthday.\n\n# {#article-title-2}\n\nMervis's article does not present a complete picture of a vital and important organization in the scientific community. From his article, it would seem that everyone on the Academy's Board of Governors is either unhappy about recent events or abandoning the ship altogether. As a current Board member and former Board chair, I can assure you that this is not the case. I believe that the majority of my colleagues are committed to the organization, confident about its ability to withstand the current storms, and excited about its future. As in any governing body, there are differing opinions about particular directions or actions to take, but there is strong endorsement of the overall strategies and support for current chairman Torsten Wiesel.\n\nTwo issues before the Board repeatedly in recent years were the future of The Sciences magazine and declining membership numbers. The magazine was a respected publication that many of us loved, but it was a terrible financial drain on the Academy and it provided virtually no coverage of Academy activities or concerns. Consequently, few members of the public even knew that the magazine represented the Academy. Many of our members expressed dismay when the magazine was shut down, but the greatest decline in the Academy's membership occurred while the magazine was being published. In fact, the 12-month membership renewal rate has actually improved slightly since the magazine's demise.\n\nThe Academy is 15 years away from its 200th anniversary. I believe\u2014as do many, many others\u2014that it will reach that milestone in fine shape, with an even stronger future ahead.\n\n# {#article-title-3}\n\nIn his article about the NYAS, Mervis reports several assertions by former Academy CEO Rodney Nichols that seriously distort both the financial circumstances of the Academy's erstwhile magazine, The Sciences , and the views of Academy members toward it.\n\nMost misleading is the claim in Mervis's article that The Sciences was \u201closing about $750,000 annually.\u201d Those \u201closses,\u201d however, were a consequence of the way members' dues were allocated. Shortly before the magazine was shut down in May 2001, the allocations of members' dues to income for The Sciences were reduced to zero. That did indeed produce a $750,000 \u201closs.\u201d\n\nAnother of Nichols's misdirections, also reported by Mervis, is the claim that people who dropped their Academy membership rarely took out a subscription to The Sciences . What Nichols neglected to mention is that the Academy never tried to identify \u201cstealth\u201d subscribers who had once been members, nor did it ever knowingly market subscriptions to lapsed members. Most members were probably not even aware that stand-alone subscriptions were available at about $20 a year.\n\nIn fact, member surveys done throughout the 1990s and continuing into 2000 consistently showed that Academy members rated The Sciences as the most important and most satisfying tangible benefit of their membership. Members also rated The Sciences as the top reason for renewing their memberships. Perhaps less relevant\u2014but nonetheless a matter of justifiable membership pride\u2014was that the American Society of Magazine Editors repeatedly honored the editors of The Sciences for producing one of the best magazines in America.\n\nWith good will and renewed interest from the Academy, it is not impossible, even at this late date, that The Sciences could be revived. For the reasons amply documented in Mervis's article, however, the time for such a revival is growing short.\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.295.5561.1824" }, { "paper": "2055746928", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "the retreat of social democracy by john callaghan manchester manchester university press 2000 255p 69 95 cloth 24 95 paper against the third way by alex callinicos oxford polity press 2001 160p 56 95 cloth 21 95 paper social democracy in neoliberal times the left and economic policy since 1980 edited by andrew glyn oxford oxford university press 2001 374p 70 00 cloth 22 95 paper", "label": [ "2779707719", "94625758", "129603779", "121658072" ], "author": [ "2099549126" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "since the 1980s global financial integration and the rise of neoliberalism have significantly changed the terrain on which european social democratic parties operate however fierce debate persists over the evaluation of these changes some observers from widely differing political standpoints insist that social democracy and the free movement of capital across national boundaries are fundamentally incompatible it follows that the only options for social democratic parties are either to embrace neoliberalism and dismantle much of the welfare state or organize concerted action to reshape the global financial architecture an opposing group of analysts are equally adamant that while the terrain has certainly become more difficult it is still possible for social democrats to preserve much of the welfare state and even launch new policy initiatives", "title_raw": "The Retreat of Social Democracy. By John Callaghan. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000. 255p. $69.95 cloth, $24.95 paper. Against the Third Way. By Alex Callinicos. Oxford: Polity Press, 2001. 160p. $56.95 cloth, $21.95 paper. Social Democracy in Neoliberal Times: The Left and Economic Policy since 1980. Edited by Andrew Glyn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. 374p. $70.00 cloth, $22.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "Since the 1980s, global financial integration and the rise of neoliberalism have significantly changed the terrain on which European social democratic parties operate. However, fierce debate persists over the evaluation of these changes. Some observers\u2014from widely differing political standpoints\u2014insist that social democracy and the free movement of capital across national boundaries are fundamentally incompatible. It follows that the only options for social democratic parties are either to embrace neoliberalism and dismantle much of the welfare state or organize concerted action to reshape the global financial architecture. An opposing group of analysts are equally adamant that while the terrain has certainly become more difficult, it is still possible for Social Democrats to preserve much of the welfare state and even launch new policy initiatives." }, { "paper": "1518352956", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "patent law judge casts doubt on scientist s account", "label": [ "59577422", "2777582232", "199539241", "2777134139" ], "author": [ "2343143953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "patent lawa federal judge last month accused prominent materials scientist shuji nakamura of lying in a high stakes patent lawsuit and recommended that he be prosecuted for perjury a charge that he and his lawyer strongly contest the accusation comes just weeks before nakamura is to receive one of his field s highest honors", "title_raw": "Patent law. Judge casts doubt on scientist's account.", "abstract_raw": "PATENT LAWA federal judge last month accused prominent materials scientist Shuji Nakamura of lying in a high-stakes patent lawsuit and recommended that he be prosecuted for perjury, a charge that he and his lawyer strongly contest. The accusation comes just weeks before Nakamura is to receive one of his field's highest honors." }, { "paper": "2049039638", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2002", "title": "a lament for italy s brain drain", "label": [ "2775987171", "19185018", "20555606" ], "author": [ "2629661864" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "only omissions are the importance of private conservation as a stepping stone for devolved wildlife management and why wildlife offers an economic solution in some of africa s agriculturally marginal environments southern africa has collectively grasped the nettle taking a leap that has revolutionary implications for conservation practice deeply committed scholar practitioners attempted to fast track the empowerment of communities but although it was initially highly successful this strategy is now facing the challenge of aborted devolution as politically motivated elite groups try to grab wildlife resources for themselves the book offers the frank and honest observation that although the underlying concepts appear to hold and to offer the best way forward most community conservation initiatives survive only through the efforts of rare individuals or by external financial support there is sufficient evidence that community conservation when properly applied works and can do the greatest good for the greatest number yet proper application remains the exception rather than the norm its weakness lies in the assumption that the concept of the greatest good is a winning formula for bringing about institutional change particularly in non democratic countries there is much evidence to the contrary brian child is a conservationist based in cape town south africa a lament for italy s brain drain", "title_raw": "A lament for Italy's brain drain", "abstract_raw": "only omissions are the importance of private conservation as a stepping-stone for devolved wildlife management, and why wildlife offers an economic solution in some of Africa\u2019s agriculturally marginal environments. Southern Africa has collectively grasped the nettle, taking a leap that has revolutionary implications for conservation practice. Deeply committed scholar practitioners attempted to fast-track the empowerment of communities. But although it was initially highly successful, this strategy is now facing the challenge of \u2018aborted devolution\u2019, as politically motivated elite groups try to grab wildlife resources for themselves. The book offers the frank and honest observation that, although the underlying concepts appear to hold and to offer the best way forward, most community-conservation initiatives survive only through the efforts of rare individuals or by external financial support. There is sufficient evidence that community conservation, when properly applied, works, and can do the greatest good for the greatest number. Yet proper application remains the exception rather than the norm. Its weakness lies in the assumption that the concept of the greatest good is a winning formula for bringing about institutional change. Particularly in non-democratic countries, there is much evidence to the contrary. \u25a0 Brian Child is a conservationist based in Cape Town, South Africa. A lament for Italy\u2019s brain drain" }, { "paper": "3048414334", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2002", "title": "is jihad a just war war peace and human rights under islamic and public international law book", "label": [ "185436325", "167388122", "169437150", "199539241" ], "author": [ "430966625" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Is Jihad a Just War? War, Peace and Human Rights Under Islamic and Public International Law (Book)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2053734670", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2002", "title": "book review military security and strategic peace and conflict studies stephen badsey ed the media and international security london frank cass publishers 2000 264 pp 18 50 pbk", "label": [ "158561935", "183735805", "509929229", "3116431", "21711469", "2775987467", "79165680", "155631102", "451841" ], "author": [ "2699181790" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Military, Security and Strategic, Peace and Conflict Studies: Stephen Badsey (ed.), The Media and International Security (London: Frank Cass Publishers, 2000, 264 pp., \u00a318.50 pbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3123652144", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2002", "title": "the challenge of post modern legality and muslim legal pluralism in england", "label": [ "2778682666", "14042566", "131932780", "42027317", "44725695", "107525826", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2565200944" ], "reference": [ "1819073346", "1976898315", "1989963711", "1990396985", "2050431285", "2050960916", "2055739369", "2067773492", "2093220298", "2115649665", "2144759036", "2326777815", "2327916807", "3123974163" ], "abstract": "this paper endeavours to show that one can speak of legal pluralism in the english context muslim law in britain exists both on an official level where recognition is given by the legal system and on an unofficial level where the official legal system refuses its recognition unofficial muslim law has been applied in non dispute situations of everyday lives of muslims marriages and divorces are arranged according to the rules of muslim law and customs muslim individuals apply relevant law in various contextual situations aiming to meet the demands of different overlapping normative orderings this post modern phenomenon reminds us that legal modernity has limits and that legal post modernity is a reality", "title_raw": "The challenge of post-modern legality and Muslim legal pluralism in England", "abstract_raw": "This paper endeavours to show that one can speak of legal pluralism in the English context. Muslim law in Britain exists both on an official level, where recognition is given by the legal system, and on an unofficial level where the official legal system refuses its recognition. Unofficial Muslim law has been applied in non-dispute situations of everyday lives of Muslims. Marriages and divorces are arranged according to the rules of Muslim law and customs. Muslim individuals apply relevant law in various contextual situations aiming to meet the demands of different overlapping normative orderings. This post-modern phenomenon reminds us that legal modernity has limits and that legal post-modernity is a reality." }, { "paper": "2361562665", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2002", "title": "major features of spanish higher education and the inspirations to china", "label": [ "120912362", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2573540104" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "spain is one of the countries where higher education has been well developed its successful experience could be taken use for the various system reforms in china of higher education entrance examination as well as tuition standards", "title_raw": "Major features of Spanish higher education and the inspirations to China", "abstract_raw": "Spain is one of the countries where higher education has been well developed. Its successful experience could be taken use for the various system reforms in China of higher education, entrance examination as well as tuition standards." }, { "paper": "2944369816", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "the european union in international politics baptism by fire by roy h ginsberg lanham md rowman and littlefield 2001 256p 79 00 cloth 27 95 paper", "label": [ "2777314847", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2944743602" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The European Union in International Politics: Baptism by Fire. By Roy H. Ginsberg. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001. 256p. $79.00 cloth, $27.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2111139425", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2002", "title": "civic awakening in the jury room a test of the connection between jury deliberation and political participation", "label": [ "199539241", "2776213154", "94625758", "520049643", "87001247", "2776119841", "2776946740", "2778521920" ], "author": [ "1218047945", "1235077814", "2006983920" ], "reference": [ "6313805", "61573778", "166467956", "599881529", "764290220", "1491367777", "1513867319", "1515568215", "1532219101", "1564879206", "1594638796", "1968255460", "1968521523", "1979801346", "1995636260", "2013741365", "2023440140", "2031340404", "2037124948", "2054429281", "2059261348", "2075198141", "2082422522", "2147264455", "2157619495", "2161831054", "2164491730", "2164963791", "2166202269", "2170484297", "2171157118", "2330675593", "2331896671", "2333142274", "2502088893", "2888190061" ], "abstract": "deliberative democratic theory posits that civic discussion leads to increased involvement in public affairs to test this claim this study explored the link between jury deliberation and electoral participation it was hypothesized that empanelled jurors who reach verdicts are more likely to vote in subsequent elections than empanelled jurors who fail to reach a verdict or even begin deliberations data collected in thurston county washington supported this hypothesis controlling for other trial features and past voting frequency citizens who served on a criminal jury that reached a verdict were more likely to vote in subsequent elections than were those jurors who deadlocked were dismissed during trial or merely served as alternates", "title_raw": "Civic Awakening in the Jury Room: A Test of the Connection between Jury Deliberation and Political Participation", "abstract_raw": "Deliberative democratic theory posits that civic discussion leads to increased involvement in public affairs. To test this claim, this study explored the link between jury deliberation and electoral participation. It was hypothesized that empanelled jurors who reach verdicts are more likely to vote in subsequent elections than empanelled jurors who fail to reach a verdict or even begin deliberations. Data collected in Thurston County, Washington, supported this hypothesis. Controlling for other trial features and past voting frequency, citizens who served on a criminal jury that reached a verdict were more likely to vote in subsequent elections than were those jurors who deadlocked, were dismissed during trial, or merely served as alternates." }, { "paper": "3125483422", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2002", "title": "to vote or not to vote an analysis of peasants participation in chinese village elections", "label": [ "2776398702", "191935318", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2241013321", "3207328947" ], "reference": [ "145920667", "1001152133", "1971173011", "1971749207", "1992271392", "2029498122", "2035227562", "2047554054", "2048887778", "2052308741", "2057240642", "2097901353", "2118213667", "2121792379", "2130503711", "2140935926", "2142833939", "2143472667", "2148403502", "2318754724", "2318887607", "2321782507", "2324655293", "3121356316", "3121955794", "3124335424", "3124677134", "3125778188" ], "abstract": "village elections have been a much talked about subject both inside and outside china since the 1980s yet there is little agreement on the exact nature of these elections the following study is an empirical effort to study peasants participation in chinese village elections the key question asked in this study is what subjective factors motivate chinese peasants to vote or not vote in village elections the authors main findings are that those who tended to vote in village elections were people with low levels of internal efficacy and democratic values high levels of life satisfaction and interest in state and local public affairs and that anti corruption sentiment does not seem to play any role in village elections peasants with higher levels of internal efficacy and democratic orientation stayed away from village elections due to the institutional constraints on these elections these findings call into question the competitiveness and democratic nature of chinese village elections", "title_raw": "To Vote or Not to Vote: An Analysis of Peasants' Participation in Chinese Village Elections", "abstract_raw": "Village elections have been a much talked about subject both inside and outside China since the 1980s. Yet there is little agreement on the exact nature of these elections. The following study is an empirical effort to study peasants' participation in Chinese village elections. The key question asked in this study is What subjective factors motivate Chinese peasants to vote or not vote in village elections? The authors' main findings are that those who tended to vote in village elections were people with low levels of internal efficacy and democratic values, high levels of life satisfaction and interest in state and local public affairs, and that anti-corruption sentiment does not seem to play any role in village elections. Peasants with higher levels of internal efficacy and democratic orientation stayed away from village elections due to the institutional constraints on these elections. These findings call into question the competitiveness and democratic nature of Chinese village elections." }, { "paper": "2021728244", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2002", "title": "afterword the question of linkage", "label": [ "199539241", "2777831193", "55447825", "94625758", "528626486", "2778223634" ], "author": [ "3147154926", "3145276163" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "commenting on the papers in this symposium is paradoxically a difficult task the authors are remarkably distinguished and one can only learn from what they write indeed i have learned much from them especially from dean david leebron s splendid clarification of several aspects of linkage a paper that shows that he should have been an oxford philosopher if only he had not been such a successful legal scholar yet it is easy for an invited commentator to be overwhelmed by despair because the authors write for the most part as if in a research vacuum there is little attempt at relating what they write to the enormous literature on the problem of linkage nearly a decade ago professor robert hudec and i in fact pioneered the scholarly study of linkage under the auspices of the american society of international law whose flagship journal is carrying this symposium but search the symposium even for references to one or both of the massive and widely reviewed and cited volumes that we edited as a result of this project fair trade and harmonization prerequisitesforfree trade 2 and one finds scarce pickings nor is there serious and integrating reference to the vast literature that has grown up since and can be found in several journal articles and volumes of essays 3 commentary is thus made extremely difficult since the commentator must do the integration herself i suspect that professor john jackson shares my frustration as when he regrets the omission of a paper in the symposium with a developing country perspective that almost none of the papers come to terms with the important north south divide that cuts across the corporations nongovernmental organizations ngos divide that exclusively dominates the perspectives from which a lawyer such as professor robert howse writes 4 that the richest and most active ngos are based in the north and that many of their positions generally tend to ignore the viewpoints of the ngos intellectuals and governments of the south has long been known to anyone who cares to step out into the real world or failing that has bothered to familiarize herself with the legal economic political and policy literature on the subject consequently how is one to address papers that fail to take such critical aspects of the issues at hand into account", "title_raw": "Afterword: The Question of Linkage", "abstract_raw": "Commenting on the papers in this symposium is paradoxically a difficult task. The authors are remarkably distinguished and one can only learn from what they write. Indeed, I have learned much from them (especially from Dean David Leebron's splendid clarification of several aspects of linkage, a paper that shows that he should have been an Oxford philosopher if only he had not been such a successful legal scholar'). Yet it is easy for an invited commentator to be overwhelmed by despair because the authors write for the most part as if in a research vacuum. There is little attempt at relating what they write to the enormous literature on the problem of linkage. Nearly a decade ago, Professor Robert Hudec and I in fact pioneered the scholarly study of linkage, under the auspices of the American Society of International Law, whose flagship journal is carrying this symposium. But search the symposium even for references to one or both of the massive and widely reviewed and cited volumes that we edited as a result of this project, Fair Trade and Harmonization: PrerequisitesforFree Trade?,2 and one finds scarce pickings. Nor is there serious and integrating reference to the vast literature that has grown up since and can be found in several Journal articles and volumes of essays.3 Commentary is thus made extremely difficult since the commentator must do the integration herself. I suspect that Professor John Jackson shares my frustration, as when he regrets the omission of a paper in the symposium with a developing-country perspective, that almost none of the papers come to terms with the important North-South divide that cuts across the corporations-nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) divide that exclusively dominates the perspectives from which a lawyer such as Professor Robert Howse writes.4 That the richest and most active NGOs are based in the North, and that many of their positions generally tend to ignore the viewpoints of the NGOs, intellectuals, and governments of the South, has long been known to anyone who cares to step out into the real world or, failing that, has bothered to familiarize herself with the legal, economic, political, and policy literature on the subject. Consequently, how is one to address papers that fail to take such critical aspects of the issues at hand into account?" }, { "paper": "2056032298", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "the politics of automobile insurance reform ideas institutions and public policy in north america by edward l lascher jr washington dc georgetown university press 1999 160p 69 00", "label": [ "3116431", "109986646", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2668697729" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Automobile Insurance Reform: Ideas, Institutions, and Public Policy in North America. By Edward L. Lascher, Jr. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1999. 160p. $69.00", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2912591502", "venue": "143668711", "year": "2002", "title": "book review organization and management in the embrace of government", "label": [ "148834064", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2159426645" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book review : Organization and management in the embrace of government", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2045318453", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2002", "title": "understanding political contestation in the european union", "label": [ "549326192", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2151017392", "1943200179" ], "reference": [ "89869614", "159907366", "196033876", "1004072055", "1550602253", "1575626990", "1596577349", "1607858544", "1963501390", "1966989238", "1999096165", "2007865189", "2022146198", "2060433779", "2066148183", "2084528250", "2087321963", "2098380371", "2100407467", "2100913312", "2111423706", "2124357337", "2130600069", "2143755459", "2145186724", "2146669825", "2187835150", "2797676887", "3021830481" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Understanding political contestation in the European Union", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2091462735", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2002", "title": "developing indicators for environmental policy data driven and theory driven approaches examined by example", "label": [ "164749845" ], "author": [ "2619064445" ], "reference": [ "1984087381", "2153316607", "2258912717", "2771374476", "2912615433" ], "abstract": "abstract this paper investigates the issues involved with environmental indicator development for policy by looking at three recent examples from data and theory driven approaches the environmental sustainability index 2001 report from world economic forum ycelp and ciesin is taken as an example of the data driven approach whereby data availability is the central criterion for indicator development and data is provided for all selected indicators the other two examples are theory driven whereby the focus is on selecting the best possible indicators from a theoretical point of view and data availability is considered only one of the aspects involved these examples are the heinz center s1999 report on the state of the nation s ecosystems and the us national research council nrc report on ecological indicators for the nation the reports and approaches are discussed and compared in order to determine their strengths and weaknesses from this lessons are drawn for future environmental indicator work as a basis for policymaking in the conclusions four important issues are addressed 1 data availability 2 ecosystem specificity of indicators 3 spatial and conceptual aggregation of indicators and 4 baseline or reference values for indicators for each of these issues recommendations are made", "title_raw": "Developing indicators for environmental policy: data-driven and theory-driven approaches examined by example", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This paper investigates the issues involved with environmental indicator development for policy by looking at three recent examples from data and theory-driven approaches. The \u201cEnvironmental Sustainability Index 2001\u201d report from World Economic Forum, YCELP and CIESIN is taken as an example of the data-driven approach, whereby data availability is the central criterion for indicator development and data is provided for all selected indicators. The other two examples are theory-driven, whereby, the focus is on selecting the best possible indicators from a theoretical point of view and data availability is considered only one of the aspects involved. These examples are the Heinz Center\u2019s1999 report on the \u201cState of the Nation\u2019s Ecosystems\u201d and the US National Research Council (NRC) report on \u201cEcological Indicators for the Nation\u201d. The reports and approaches are discussed and compared in order to determine their strengths and weaknesses. From this lessons are drawn for future environmental indicator work as a basis for policymaking. In the conclusions four important issues are addressed: (1) data availability; (2) ecosystem specificity of indicators; (3) spatial and conceptual aggregation of indicators and (4) baseline or reference values for indicators. For each of these issues recommendations are made." }, { "paper": "2560120103", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2002", "title": "public diplomacy and the war on terrorism", "label": [ "3116431", "2778348171", "148834064", "199539241", "44394981", "197487636", "203133693", "93377909", "2779714988" ], "author": [ "2240855708" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the following article is adapted from the chairman s preliminary summary of the report of the independent task force on public diplomacy sponsored by the council on foreign relations members of the task force chaired by peter g peterson are listed on page 92 the findings discussed in this article are based on discussions and recom mendations reached in task force meetings and have not been reviewed by all members key recommendations include the following issuance of a presidential directive estab lishing a priority commitment and a new course for public diplomacy establishment of a coordinating structure chaired by a principal adviser to the president to harmonize the public diplomacy efforts of govemment agencies allies and private sector partners as part of a broad effort to expand private sector and indigenous development dialogue and debate creation of an independent not for profit corporation for public diplomacy as the centerpiece of expanded public private involvement in public diplomacy and increased training resources and up to date technology for state department and other government officials responsible for public diplomacy", "title_raw": "Public Diplomacy and the War on Terrorism", "abstract_raw": "The following article is adapted from the chairman's preliminary summary of the report of the Independent Task Force on Public Diplomacy sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations. Members of the task force, chaired by Peter G. Peterson, are listed on page 92. The findings discussed in this article are based on discussions and recom mendations reached in task force meetings and have not been reviewed by all members. Key recommendations include the following: issuance of a presidential directive estab lishing a priority commitment and a new course for public diplomacy; establishment of a coordinating structure, chaired by a principal adviser to the president, to harmonize the public diplomacy efforts of govemment agencies, allies, and private-sector partners; as part of a broad effort to expand private-sector and indigenous development, dialogue, and debate, creation of an independent, not-for-profit \"Corporation for Public Diplomacy\" as the centerpiece of expanded public-private involvement in public diplomacy; and increased training, resources, and up-to-date technology for State Department and other government officials responsible for public diplomacy." }, { "paper": "2944073315", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "agency and ethics the politics of military intervention by anthony f lang jr albany state university of new york press 2001 256p 65 50 cloth 21 95 paper", "label": [ "94625758", "2776398702", "65117487", "199539241" ], "author": [ "3125157948" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Agency and Ethics: The Politics of Military Intervention. By Anthony F. Lang, Jr. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. 256p. $65.50 cloth, $21.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2022670812", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2002", "title": "globalization on the ground postbellum guatemalan democracy and development", "label": [ "555826173", "512594552", "206836424", "136810230", "2119116", "17058734" ], "author": [ "641313722", "2807047679", "2110896971" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "part 1 the future of guatemalan development chapter 2 guatemalan development and democratization past present and future chapter 3 development and equity the agenda for the twenty first century part 4 democracy demilitarization and the state chapter 5 global forces and regime change guatemala within the central american context chapter 6 democratization through peace chapter 7 decentralization local government and citizen participation unsolved problems in the guatemalan democratization process chapter 8 demilitarization and security in el salvador and guatemala convergences of success and crisis chapter 9 democracy and the market in guatemala chapter 10 coffee and the guatemalan state part 11 indigenous movements and social change chapter 12 pan mayanism and the guatemalan peace process chapter 13 the development of globalization in the mayan population of guatemala chapter 14 linguistic diversity interculturalism and democracy part 15 globalization on the ground chapter 16 neoliberalism the global elite and the guatemalan transition a critical macrosocial analysis chapter 17 globalization from below in guatemala chapter 18 theories of development and their application to small countries chapter 19 appendix summary of the accord on identity and the rights of indigenous peoples chapter 20 index chapter 21 about the authors", "title_raw": "Globalization on the ground : postbellum Guatemalan democracy and development", "abstract_raw": "Part 1 The Future of Guatemalan Development Chapter 2 Guatemalan Development and Democratization: Past, Present, and Future Chapter 3 Development and Equity: The Agenda for the Twenty-first Century Part 4 Democracy, Demilitarization, and the State Chapter 5 Global Forces and Regime Change: Guatemala within the Central American Context Chapter 6 Democratization through Peace Chapter 7 Decentralization, Local Government, and Citizen Participation: Unsolved Problems in the Guatemalan Democratization Process Chapter 8 Demilitarization and Security in El Salvador and Guatemala: Convergences of Success and Crisis Chapter 9 Democracy and the Market in Guatemala Chapter 10 Coffee and the Guatemalan State Part 11 Indigenous Movements and Social Change Chapter 12 Pan-Mayanism and the Guatemalan Peace Process Chapter 13 The Development of Globalization in the Mayan Population of Guatemala Chapter 14 Linguistic Diversity, Interculturalism, and Democracy Part 15 Globalization on the Ground Chapter 16 Neoliberalism, the Global Elite, and the Guatemalan Transition: A Critical Macrosocial Analysis Chapter 17 Globalization from Below in Guatemala Chapter 18 Theories of Development and their Application to Small Countries Chapter 19 Appendix: Summary of the Accord on Identity and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Chapter 20 Index Chapter 21 About the Authors" }, { "paper": "1536482828", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "science foundation sets priority areas", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a unique grantmaking foundation for arab scientists modeled on the u s national science foundation hopes to award its first research grants next year the private 2 year old arab science and technology foundation is expecting a contribution of almost 20 million from a private donor in the next few months", "title_raw": "Science Foundation Sets Priority Areas", "abstract_raw": "A unique grantmaking foundation for Arab scientists, modeled on the U.S. National Science Foundation, hopes to award its first research grants next year. The private 2-year-old Arab Science and Technology Foundation is expecting a contribution of almost $20 million from a private donor in the next few months." }, { "paper": "1481379474", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2002", "title": "reinventing justice the american drug court movement review", "label": [ "2778295384", "139621336", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2149630124" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reinventing Justice: The American Drug Court Movement (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2039324981", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2002", "title": "the influence of romanian campaign finance laws on party system development and corruption", "label": [ "2780883770", "2779777834", "201342494", "2776398702", "84265765", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2125989406" ], "reference": [ "1541870841", "1547594580", "1913685744", "1965654176", "1968419405", "1982896586", "1993042751", "2006306820", "2013041501", "2018972251", "2019914007", "2058648554", "2071312334", "2089194077", "2107572191", "2107992979", "2116836266", "2121881827", "2140575917", "2146938207", "2156545336", "2160576792", "2322015594", "2487130496" ], "abstract": "while east european party systems have received considerable attention little research has been conducted on the influence of campaign finance laws on party system development it is surprising that this issue receives such little attention given the widespread use of these laws in east europe and that the requirements and especially the enforcement mechanisms of these laws have an influence on corruption this article examines the logic behind public campaign financing and its implementation in romania the first section of the article explores the rationale behind party campaign finance notes some of the criticisms of state campaign subsidies and addresses how party campaign finance generally influences the party system the second section examines the romanian campaign finance system and addresses how party campaign finance has influenced the development of parties the party system and corruption", "title_raw": "The Influence of Romanian Campaign Finance Laws on Party System Development and Corruption", "abstract_raw": "While East European party systems have received considerable attention, little research has been conducted on the influence of campaign finance laws on party system development. It is surprising that this issue receives such little attention given the widespread use of these laws in East Europe and that the requirements and especially the enforcement mechanisms of these laws have an influence on corruption. This article examines the logic behind public campaign financing and its implementation in Romania. The first section of the article explores the rationale behind party campaign finance, notes some of the criticisms of state campaign subsidies and addresses how party campaign finance generally influences the party system. The second section examines the Romanian campaign finance system and addresses how party campaign finance has influenced the development of parties, the party system and corruption." }, { "paper": "1990600064", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2002", "title": "chinese political culture 1989 2000 edited by shiping hua armonk ny m e sharpe 2001 370pp hard cover 68 95 isbn 0 7656 0565 1 paperback 26 95 isbn 0 7656 0566 x", "label": [ "81307892" ], "author": [ "2158724209" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Chinese Political Culture, 1989\u20132000. Edited by Shiping Hua. [Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2001. 370pp. Hard cover $68.95, ISBN 0-7656-0565-1; paperback $26.95, ISBN 0-7656-0566-X.]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2944799093", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "out of the red building capitalism and democracy in postcommunist europe by mitchell a orenstein ann arbor university of michigan press 2001 184p 54 50 cloth 22 95 paper", "label": [ "555826173", "514928085" ], "author": [ "2647890204" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Out of the Red: Building Capitalism and Democracy in Postcommunist Europe. By Mitchell A. Orenstein. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001. 184p. $54.50 cloth, $22.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1995092435", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2002", "title": "from nation building to building identification with political communities consequences of political decentralisation in spain the basque country catalonia and galicia 1978 2001", "label": [ "32558149", "125209646", "136810230", "94625758", "2776398702", "2781046721" ], "author": [ "2715204128" ], "reference": [ "1989859578", "1998347760", "1999625018", "2005616497", "2062851299", "2091017004", "2114201722", "2117656920", "2137087556", "2158700307", "2318988460", "2320413671", "2487801286" ], "abstract": "abstract many multiethnic polities suffer from a deficit of citizens support for their political communities hence their governments may think of political decentralisation as a solution this article analyses the effects of that policy on citizens identification with their political communities in spain on identification with the basque country catalonia or galicia its most conspicuous nationalities once they have become autonomous communities and on identification with the overall spanish political community to study the processes of transformation of such attitudes nation building theories are interpreted from the political socialisation approach and applied to the autonomous institutions it is also suggested that the state strictu senso by contrast may be developing an alternative method of forging identification with its own political community survey time series evidence shows that although those autonomous communities are engaged successfully in a local but standard nation building the whole political system may be fostering its own diffuse support by recognising and institutionalising cultural diversity and self government", "title_raw": "From nation-building to building identification with political communities: Consequences of political decentralisation in Spain, the Basque Country, Catalonia and Galicia, 1978\u20132001", "abstract_raw": "Abstract. Many multiethnic polities suffer from a deficit of citizens' support for their political communities. Hence, their governments may think of political decentralisation as a solution. This article analyses the effects of that policy on citizens\u2019 identification with their political communities in Spain: on identification with the Basque Country, Catalonia or Galicia (its most conspicuous \u2018nationalities\u2019) once they have become \u2018autonomous communities\u2019, and on identification with the overall Spanish political community. To study the processes of transformation of such attitudes, nation-building theories are interpreted from the political socialisation approach and applied to the autonomous institutions. It is also suggested that the state strictu senso, by contrast, may be developing an alternative method of forging identification with its own political community. Survey time-series evidence shows that although those autonomous communities are engaged successfully in a local but standard nation-building, the whole political system may be fostering its own diffuse support by recognising and institutionalising cultural diversity and self-government." }, { "paper": "1617626709", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "few women win new academic chairs", "label": [ "148834064", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "135719026" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "canadaottawa a new report shows that women are seriously underrepresented in a fledgling program to help canada retain its best academic talent in october 1999 the government committed 585 million to create 2000 new posts under the canada research chairs program a report looking at the first four classes shows that women who represent 25 of the total academic pool have received just under 15 of the 532 chairs", "title_raw": "Few Women Win New Academic Chairs", "abstract_raw": "CANADAOTTAWA-- A new report shows that women are seriously underrepresented in a fledgling program to help Canada retain its best academic talent. In October 1999 the government committed $585 million to create 2000 new posts under the Canada Research Chairs program. A report looking at the first four classes shows that women, who represent 25% of the total academic pool, have received just under 15% of the 532 chairs." }, { "paper": "2016608676", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2002", "title": "the pan american health organization s first 100 years reflections of the director", "label": [ "46578552", "185618831", "160735492", "158886217", "94625758" ], "author": [ "598969444" ], "reference": [ "2009760796", "2013889703", "2024257280", "2046117091", "2085246312", "2086192694", "2097894432", "2134342674", "2141390757", "2153767593", "2186196146", "2473302366", "2510486098" ], "abstract": "the pan american health organization paho has responded to changing political times and different health challenges and has played a significant role in some of the recent achievements in health in the region of the americas some of the more remarkable health gains of the past 8 years owe their success to the broad principles of equity and pan americanism that guide paho s work the production and use of scientific technical information is the fundamental underpinning of the technical cooperation that has facilitated the health work of countries the future is bright for paho s next century", "title_raw": "The Pan American Health Organization\u2019s First 100 Years: Reflections of the Director", "abstract_raw": "The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has responded to changing political times and different health challenges and has played a significant role in some of the recent achievements in health in the region of the Americas. Some of the more remarkable health gains of the past 8 years owe their success to the broad principles of equity and Pan-Americanism that guide PAHO's work. The production and use of scientific-technical information is the fundamental underpinning of the technical cooperation that has facilitated the health work of countries. The future is bright for PAHO's next century." }, { "paper": "2279288902", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2002", "title": "a response to bennett", "label": [ "94625758", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2649698531" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "i was distressed by the factual distortion and ad hominem attacks by stephen bennett on my scholarship and the professional competence of david brunori and gregory kasza in the june 2002 issue of ps in bennett s eagerness to discredit the perestroika movement he made inaccurate and personally disparaging comments about particular scholars and writers there are several examples of this the first is his remark that ronald libby and many midcareer political scientists have given up on research and writing 204", "title_raw": "A Response to Bennett", "abstract_raw": "I was distressed by the factual distortion and ad hominem attacks by Stephen Bennett on my scholarship and the professional competence of David Brunori and Gregory Kasza in the June 2002 issue of PS. In Bennett's eagerness to discredit the \u201cPerestroika movement\u201d he made inaccurate and personally disparaging comments about particular scholars and writers. There are several examples of this. The first is his remark that \u201c(Ronald) Libby and \u201cmany midcareer political scientists have given up on research and writing\u201d (204)\u201d" }, { "paper": "2038746406", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2002", "title": "islam and nation building in southeast asia malaysia and indonesia in comparative perspective", "label": [ "32558149", "2776398702", "158071213", "2779175671", "2775910013", "2777799818" ], "author": [ "223183578" ], "reference": [ "1520734368", "1977499835", "2087933684", "2124806338", "2289731570", "2321013413", "2324933658", "2328323138" ], "abstract": "the task of nation building has posed an enormous challenge for postcolonial muslim leaders especially for those committed to the creation of a nation based on islamic rules norms and visions conventional wisdom holds that the discrepancy between a parochial national framework based on religion and the modern reality of a nation state framework is too great to be reconciled the key issue here is how the islamic rules of public organisation and governance can accommodate a multi religious condition one which is widespread in postcolonial nation states however the role islam plays in the nation more specifically in the process of nation building differs strikingly across muslim majority countries a variety of islamic forces across a wide range of ideological spectrums strive for their visions of nationhood both on ideological and institutional fronts some seek the creation of an islamic state a state system based on the islamic canons and tradition others adopt a less dogmatic app roach seeking to establish a moral order inspired by islamic principles yet whether they can do so and to what extent depends not on the irrevocable influence of doctrinal forms but on country specific patterns of civil and state organisation further as hefner suggests most show the strong impact of state society interactions that have evolved over the course of several decades of national independence 1", "title_raw": "Islam and nation building in Southeast Asia: Malaysia and Indonesia in comparative perspective", "abstract_raw": "The task of nation building has posed an enormous challenge for postcolonial Muslim leaders, especially for those committed to the creation of a nation based on Islamic rules, norms and visions. Conventional wisdom holds that the discrepancy between a \"parochial\" national framework -based on religion -and the modern reality of a nation-state framework is too great to be reconciled. The key issue here is how the Islamic rules of public organisation and governance can accommodate a multi-religious condition, one which is widespread in postcolonial nation-states. However, the role Islam plays in the nation -more specifically, in the process of nation building -differs strikingly across Muslim-majority countries. A variety of Islamic forces, across a wide range of ideological spectrums, strive for their visions of nationhood, both on ideological and institutional fronts. Some seek the creation of an \"Islamic state\": a state system based on the Islamic canons and tradition. Others adopt a less dogmatic app roach, seeking to establish a moral order inspired by Islamic principles. Yet whether they can do so, and to what extent, depends not on the irrevocable influence of doctrinal forms, but on country-specific patterns of civil and state organisation. Further, as Hefner suggests, \"most show the strong impact of state-society interactions that have evolved over the course of several decades of national independence.\" (1)" }, { "paper": "2036984472", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2002", "title": "european integration in identity narratives in estonia a quest for security", "label": [ "2778407155", "2776427498", "186229450" ], "author": [ "1826989181" ], "reference": [ "207147620", "1509806934", "1581889095", "1965618196", "1968020664", "1976118230", "2021751042", "2064326778", "2069181548", "2086067004", "2087579473", "2092510210", "2130134290", "2149252003", "2167911813", "2623612008", "3120819345" ], "abstract": "the article situates the estonian discourse of national identity in the country s pursuits of eu and nato membership it first outlines the assumptions concepts and rhetorical devices through which the notion of national identity is constructed in discussions of international integration and then highlights the policy ramifications of the identity discourse the article concentrates on the three closely linked concepts civilizational conflict national territorial sovereignty and security that together constitute a core of identity debates in estonia while national identity in estonia has hitherto been examined in the context of ethnic relations between the estonian and the non estonian populations this article analyzes identity debates including issues of ethnicity in the context of the country s pursuits of international integration as identity is a central concept in estonia s foreign security citizenship and minority rights policies the article exposes the claims that underpin these policies the estonian identity discourse contains strong arguments in favor of eu membership yet several of its fundamental premises discursively construct this membership as harmful to estonia both pro and contra eu arguments pivot particularly on claims about geopolitical and cultural threats on the one hand international integration is constructed as a security measure against the russian threat on the other hand insofar as supranational institutions pressure estonia to naturalize its russian speaking residents who are construed as representatives of the russian threat international integration is also depicted as dangerous to estonian identity estonian identity narratives thereby contradict governmental rhetoric of ethnic and european integration", "title_raw": "European Integration in Identity Narratives in Estonia: A Quest for Security", "abstract_raw": "The article situates the Estonian discourse of national identity in the country's pursuits of EU and NATO membership. It first outlines the assumptions, concepts, and rhetorical devices through which the notion of national identity is constructed in discussions of international integration, and then highlights the policy ramifications of the identity discourse. The article concentrates on the three closely linked concepts - civilizational conflict, national territorial sovereignty, and security - that together constitute a core of identity debates in Estonia. While national identity in Estonia has hitherto been examined in the context of ethnic relations between the Estonian and the non-Estonian populations, this article analyzes identity debates, including issues of ethnicity, in the context of the country's pursuits of international integration. As identity is a central concept in Estonia's foreign, security, citizenship, and minority rights policies, the article exposes the claims that underpin these policies. The Estonian identity discourse contains strong arguments in favor of EU membership, yet several of its fundamental premises discursively construct this membership as harmful to Estonia. Both pro- and contra-EU arguments pivot particularly on claims about geopolitical and cultural threats. On the one hand, international integration is constructed as a security measure against the Russian threat. On the other hand, insofar as supranational institutions pressure Estonia to naturalize its Russian-speaking residents, who are construed as representatives of the Russian threat, international integration is also depicted as dangerous to Estonian identity. Estonian identity narratives thereby contradict governmental rhetoric of ethnic and European integration." }, { "paper": "2166833970", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "varieties of capitalism the institutional foundations of comparative advantage edited by peter a hall and david soskice oxford oxford university press 2001 560p 72 00 cloth 24 95 paper", "label": [ "2778061430", "2776911728", "514928085", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2549781447" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the volume and quality of the scholarship generated of late on the question of the varieties of capitalism has been truly outstanding we now know far more than we ever did about the internal workings of particular national economies and about the determinants of what angus maddison once termed the proximate causes of their competitive strengths and weaknesses that knowledge has come in part from the work of a talented set of comparative political scientists and industrial sociologists many of whom participate in this collection it has also come from the work of a set of economists and economic historians with sufficient professional courage and intellectual integrity to operate at or even beyond the edge of their notoriously narrow and institutionally blind discipline but because that knowledge has come from so many sources and because so much of it has entered the public domain in the form of discrete case studies or collections of relatively disconnected essays what the subfield now needs more than anything else is the consolidation of a set of organizing frameworks and governing concepts designed to go beyond proximate causes to a fuller understanding of the dynamics of competitive advantage this is why peter hall and david soskice s much heralded collection of essays varieties of capitalism is so important a milestone in the development of the subdiscipline of comparative political economy at long last it gives us what pepper d culpepper calls here an analytical tool kit p 303 a collection of essays built around the powerful conceptual devices of comparative institutional advantage and institutional complementarities concepts deployed to explain how the institutions structuring the political economy confer comparative advantages on a nation especially in the sphere of innovation p v", "title_raw": "Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Edited by Peter A. Hall and David Soskice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. 560p. $72.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "The volume and quality of the scholarship generated of late on the question of the \u201cvarieties of capitalism\u201d has been truly outstanding. We now know far more than we ever did about the internal workings of particular national economies, and about the determinants of what Angus Maddison once termed the \u201cproximate\u201d causes of their competitive strengths and weaknesses. That knowledge has come in part from the work of a talented set of comparative political scientists and industrial sociologists, many of whom participate in this collection. It has also come from the work of a set of economists and economic historians with sufficient professional courage and intellectual integrity to operate at (or even beyond) the edge of their notoriously narrow and institutionally blind discipline. But because that knowledge has come from so many sources, and because so much of it has entered the public domain in the form of discrete case studies or collections of relatively disconnected essays, what the subfield now needs, more than anything else, is the consolidation of a set of organizing frameworks and governing concepts designed to go beyond proximate causes to a fuller understanding of the dynamics of competitive advantage. This is why Peter Hall and David Soskice's much-heralded collection of essays, Varieties of Capitalism, is so important a milestone in the development of the subdiscipline of comparative political economy. At long last it gives us what Pepper D. Culpepper calls here an \u201canalytical tool kit\u201d (p. 303): a collection of essays built around the powerful conceptual devices of \u201ccomparative institutional advantage\u201d and \u201cinstitutional complementarities\u201d\u2014concepts deployed to explain \u201chow the institutions structuring the political economy confer comparative advantages on a nation, especially in the sphere of innovation\u201d (p. v)." }, { "paper": "2310348517", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2002", "title": "maritime delimitation and territorial questions between qatar and bahrain international court of justice judgment on sovereignty over disputed territory and delimitation of a single maritime boundary", "label": [ "139621336", "190377246", "186229450", "199539241", "2779871314" ], "author": [ "2628809944" ], "reference": [ "2333498742" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions Between Qatar and Bahrain. International Court of Justice judgment on sovereignty over disputed territory and delimitation of a single maritime boundary", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2141224472", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2002", "title": "color lines affirmative action immigration and civil rights options for america edited by john david skrentny", "label": [ "70036468", "2777732099", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1918587740" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Color Lines: Affirmative Action, Immigration, and Civil Rights Options for America edited by John David Skrentny", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1986018888", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2002", "title": "hiv aids and the changing landscape of war in africa", "label": [ "2779449393", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2159342086" ], "reference": [ "60970725", "1544422294", "1569099152", "1822574384", "1982220379", "2014907942", "2016718806", "2021568404", "2026284900", "2038880013", "2073953789", "2089054890", "2090153616", "2129755491", "2149498238", "2471951642", "2726820308", "2994484408" ], "abstract": "since the discovery of aids more than two decades ago 60 million people have been infected with hiv the virus that causes aids and more than 20 million have died from aids related illnesses the hiv aids pandemic has become a humanitarian and human security issue of almost unimaginable magnitude representing one of the most pervasive challenges to human well being and survival in many parts of the world 1 it has taken a particularly heavy toll on sub saharan africa where aids is now the primary cause of death 2 in light of this magnitude hiv aids is not only having devastating effects on the individuals and families touched by the illness it is also beginning to have much wider social ramiacations in some african countries hiv prevalence rates have reached between 20 and 30 percent of the adult population in these countries hiv aids is giving rise to a vast array of economic social and political problems the changing landscape of war in africa", "title_raw": "HIV/AIDS and the changing landscape of war in Africa", "abstract_raw": "Since the discovery of AIDS more than two decades ago, 60 million people have been infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, and more than 20 million have died from AIDS-related illnesses. The HIV/AIDS pandemic has become a humanitarian and human security issue of almost unimaginable magnitude, representing one of the most pervasive challenges to human well-being and survival in many parts of the world.1 It has taken a particularly heavy toll on sub-Saharan Africa, where AIDS is now the primary cause of death.2 In light of this magnitude, HIV/AIDS is not only having devastating effects on the individuals and families touched by the illness; it is also beginning to have much wider social ramiacations. In some African countries, HIV prevalence rates have reached between 20 and 30 percent of the adult population. In these countries HIV/AIDS is giving rise to a vast array of economic, social, and political problems. The Changing Landscape of War in Africa" }, { "paper": "1964046796", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "christian faith and modern democracy god and politics in the fallen world by robert p kraynak notre dame in university of notre dame press 2001 352p 49 95 cloth 24 95 paper politics theology and history by raymond plant cambridge cambridge university press 2001 380p 69 95 cloth 24 95 paper", "label": [ "513891491", "94625758", "23381644", "96756911", "555826173", "2776398702", "2994117223" ], "author": [ "1916608455" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "religion and politics is a burgeoning subfield liberalism communitarian literature now includes attention to religious communities theorists of civil society recognize that religious organizations implement a considerable range of policies since pluralism entails the presence of multiple voices in public conversation theorists debate how a liberal society should treat religious voices theorists within religious traditions debate the bearing of faith on political action and the extent to which churches should cooperate with state institutions", "title_raw": "Christian Faith and Modern Democracy: God and Politics in the Fallen World. By Robert P. Kraynak. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2001. 352p. $49.95 cloth, $24.95 paper. Politics, Theology and History. By Raymond Plant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 380p. $69.95 cloth, $24.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "Religion and politics is a burgeoning subfield. Liberalism\u2013communitarian literature now includes attention to religious communities. Theorists of civil society recognize that religious organizations implement a considerable range of policies. Since pluralism entails the presence of multiple voices in public conversation, theorists debate how a liberal society should treat religious voices. Theorists within religious traditions debate the bearing of faith on political action and the extent to which churches should cooperate with state institutions." }, { "paper": "2152252098", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2002", "title": "national parliamentary scrutiny over eu issues", "label": [ "46355384", "199539241", "160663922", "3116431", "2779018484", "2781440851", "2780668109", "2776050585" ], "author": [ "2560378418" ], "reference": [ "435586699", "591020279", "611644800", "617928191", "641778712", "1598035905", "1929989229", "1972773943", "1985095019", "2002830633", "2009725860", "2025360122", "2072385746", "2317713367", "2327173723", "2330063139", "2796599699" ], "abstract": "this article compares national parliamentary scrutiny over european union matters in two countries with coalition governments germany and the netherlands based on interviews with members of parliament serving on their european affairs committee while acknowledging that legal powers and institutional structures are important when evaluating parliamentary government relations the examination focuses on the goals and methods of party groups when overseeing government in germany the goal of the governing coalition parties is to protect the government whereas in the netherlands they scrutinize the government s position in order to be sure the compromise in the cabinet sufficiently protects the party s interests although the dutch governing parties normally support the government a floating coalition occasionally emerges with ruling parties working with parts of the opposition to amend a proposal toward their own preferences the study concludes that it is not only the legal powers and institutional structures that determine parliamentary scrutiny in a given member state but also party interactions", "title_raw": "National parliamentary scrutiny over EU issues", "abstract_raw": "This article compares national parliamentary scrutiny over European Union matters in two countries with coalition governments, Germany and the Netherlands, based on interviews with members of parliament serving on their European Affairs Committee. While acknowledging that legal powers and institutional structures are important when evaluating parliamentary-government relations, the examination focuses on the goals and methods of party groups when overseeing government. In Germany, the goal of the governing coalition parties is to protect the government, whereas in the Netherlands they scrutinize the government's position in order to be sure the compromise in the cabinet sufficiently protects the party's interests. Although the Dutch governing parties normally support the government, a `floating coalition' occasionally emerges with ruling parties working with parts of the opposition to amend a proposal toward their own preferences. The study concludes that it is not only the legal powers and institutional structures that determine parliamentary scrutiny in a given member state, but also party interactions." }, { "paper": "2167546973", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2002", "title": "saying maybe to the return to europe elites and the political space for euroscepticism in central and eastern europe", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2149122714", "2015786658", "2114218723" ], "reference": [ "64080545", "205349209", "329697079", "590491758", "601565866", "616609959", "625703680", "1481702263", "1504705384", "1534124928", "1585154432", "1603356773", "1604434549", "1810439637", "1963673025", "1972575083", "1984692413", "2027808765", "2030003053", "2036012566", "2047359831", "2078791095", "2097496054", "2130781778", "2154805101", "2155808722", "2163587464", "2255356433", "2485403905", "2493434815", "2562245948", "2799418917", "3004970608", "3121248382", "3156121090" ], "abstract": "a major challenge for eu enlargement is how to communicate the benefits of membership to electorates given the weak penetration of party systems in the central and east european countries subnati", "title_raw": "Saying 'maybe' to the 'return to Europe': elites and the political space for euroscepticism in Central and Eastern Europe", "abstract_raw": "A major challenge for EU enlargement is how to communicate the benefits of membership to electorates. Given the weak penetration of party systems in the Central and East European countries, subnati..." }, { "paper": "2008428235", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2002", "title": "lightning rods rather than light switches arab economic sanctions against canada in 1979", "label": [ "199539241", "2780105190", "94625758", "2778069335", "2779084495", "148834064" ], "author": [ "8638485", "2493036591" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the literature on economic sanctions consists of a series of studies assessing whether sanctions worked or not very little has been written on the factors that make economic sanctions more effective at achieving their intended purposes this article examines the threatened 1979 arab world boycott of canada after prime minister joe clark announced the government s intention to relocate its embassy in israel from tel aviv to jerusalem after determining that sanctions played a contributing role in motivating a canadian policy reversal it generates hypotheses from this misunderstood case about the political and economic factors that can contribute to the success of economic sanctions", "title_raw": "Lightning Rods Rather Than Light Switches: Arab Economic Sanctions against Canada in 1979", "abstract_raw": "The literature on economic sanctions consists of a series of studies assessing whether sanctions ''worked'' or not. Very little has been written on the factors that make economic sanctions more effective at achieving their intended purposes. This article examines the threatened 1979 Arab world boycott of Canada after Prime Minister Joe Clark announced the government's intention to relocate its embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. After determining that sanctions played a contributing role in motivating a Canadian policy reversal, it generates hypotheses from this misunderstood case about the political and economic factors that can contribute to the success of economic sanctions." }, { "paper": "2134577423", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2002", "title": "ecological modernization governance and globalization epilogue", "label": [ "2119116", "2777946990" ], "author": [ "427492000", "2062346569" ], "reference": [ "1995485900", "2009784906", "2012275303", "2027529454", "2074290489", "2078372761", "2107251666", "2127329485", "2133431405", "2798862961" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ecological Modernization, Governance, and Globalization: Epilogue", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1975519867", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2002", "title": "reshaping the state from above from within from below implications for public health", "label": [ "2776208816", "158016649", "3116431", "136810230", "2776398702", "2776051254", "201342494" ], "author": [ "2142259897" ], "reference": [ "121854017", "1500270474", "1509597436", "1859119060", "1993772947", "1994532225", "1997235874", "2011618788", "2072512922", "2081362669", "2086438699", "2090333211", "2091986457", "2100808782", "2120946983", "2121570040", "2134947891", "2513054283", "2546773544", "2788089295", "3143711794" ], "abstract": "abstract the modern state is being reshaped by multiple forces acting simultaneously from above the state is actively constrained by agreements promoted by international agencies and by the power of multinational corporations from within the state is being reshaped by increasing trends toward marketization and by problems of corruption from below the state s role is being diminished by the expansion of decentralization and by the rising influence of non governmental organizations this article explores these three sets of processes from above from within and from below and suggests some implications for public health public health professionals require an understanding of the changing nature of the state because of the consequences for thinking about the metaphors solutions and strategies for public health", "title_raw": "Reshaping the state from above, from within, from below: implications for public health.", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The modern state is being reshaped by multiple forces acting simultaneously. From above, the state is actively constrained by agreements promoted by international agencies and by the power of multinational corporations. From within, the state is being reshaped by increasing trends toward marketization and by problems of corruption. From below, the state's role is being diminished by the expansion of decentralization and by the rising influence of non-governmental organizations. This article explores these three sets of processes\u2014from above, from within, and from below\u2014and suggests some implications for public health. Public health professionals require an understanding of the changing nature of the state, because of the consequences for thinking about the metaphors, solutions, and strategies for public health." }, { "paper": "2060602708", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "united nations debates human cloning ban", "label": [ "175000728" ], "author": [ "2107953743" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "United Nations debates human cloning ban", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2330637067", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2002", "title": "electoral systems and unimagined consequences partisan effects of districted proportional representation", "label": [ "555826173", "2778061430", "119588120", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2145216639", "2723656402" ], "reference": [ "1509161467", "1533460353", "1969741381", "2029701631", "2045509200", "2056720499", "2063984238", "2114895797", "2141532155", "2145098435", "2312655819", "2316001465", "2796838224", "3121539865", "3121882910" ], "abstract": "correlated interests to convert sup port into parliamentary representation and to obtain unfragmented parlia mentary representation we demon strate with analyses of twenty four elections in sixteen countries that the variance effect operates as theoretically predicted and is surprisingly important electoral systems scholarship has often focused on how electoral systems shape party systems several major works on electoral sys tems e g duverger 1954 rae 1971 taagepera and shugart 1989 lijphart 1994 and cox 1997 and dozens of minor ones can fairly be characterized as interested in this as a central question but in each of these cases the primary output has been increased understanding of how electoral systems shape the number of parties and or the fragmentation of the party system this is extremely important for understanding the nature of governance e g consensual versus majoritarian the nature of both preelectoral and postelectoral coalition formation as well as the overall stability of democratic systems on the other hand we have almost no insight into how if at all electoral systems shape the type of parties that will form and be successful if electoral systems have partisan effects we know very little about them 1 we argue here that the same mechanisms that are known to affect fragmentation of a party system can also be shown to have important and predictable partisan effects at least since rae 1971 such work has focused much attention on the importance of district magnitude the number of seats awarded per elec toral district in shaping party systems the basic relationship that some measure of the number of parties or party system fragmentation increases with some measure of average or effective district magnitude has been", "title_raw": "Electoral Systems and Unimagined Consequences: Partisan Effects of Districted Proportional Representation", "abstract_raw": "correlated interests to convert sup? port into parliamentary representation and to obtain unfragmented parlia? mentary representation. We demon? strate, with analyses of twenty-four elections in sixteen countries, that the variance effect operates as theoretically predicted and is surprisingly important. Electoral systems scholarship has often focused on how electoral systems shape party systems. Several major works on electoral sys? tems?e.g., Duverger (1954), Rae (1971), Taagepera and Shugart (1989), Lijphart (1994), and Cox (1997)?and dozens of minor ones, can fairly be characterized as interested in this as a central question. But in each of these cases, the primary output has been increased understanding of how electoral systems shape the number of parties and/or the fragmentation of the party system. This is extremely important for understanding the nature of governance (e.g., consensual versus majoritarian), the nature of both preelectoral and postelectoral coalition-formation, as well as the overall stability of democratic systems. On the other hand, we have almost no insight into how, if at all, electoral systems shape the type of parties that will form and be successful. If electoral systems have partisan effects, we know very little about them.1 We argue here that the same mechanisms that are known to affect fragmentation of a party system can also be shown to have important and predictable partisan effects. At least since Rae (1971), such work has focused much attention on the importance of district magnitude?the number of seats awarded per elec? toral district?in shaping party systems. The basic relationship?that (some measure of) the number of parties or party system fragmentation increases with (some measure of) average or \"effective\" district magnitude?has been" }, { "paper": "2029416067", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "israel suggests limits on right to die", "label": [ "2781163912" ], "author": [ "2099282782" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Israel suggests limits on right to die.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2159735902", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2002", "title": "modern communications technology in ethnic nationalist hands the case of the kurds", "label": [ "521449643", "2780822507", "137403100", "67363961", "2780292708", "135121143", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2113318825" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article examines the effect of modern media and communications technology on ethnic nationalist resurgence using the kurds as a case example television satellite communications the internet and easy access to publishing technology now facilitate ethnic nationalist challenges to state hegemony and monopoly of information additionally modern media and communications technology can turn a humiliating defeat into a catalyst for a more uni ed stronger ethnic nationalist movement globally broadcast images of such a defeat arouse the passions and indignation of even those people who only nominally identify themselves with the ethnic group in question at the same time communications technology such as telephones faxes and e mail facilitate the channeling of such indignation into immediate group protest and action which in turn strengthens the ethnic identi cation of action participants resume cet article analyse la relation entre les nouvelles technologies de communication et la resurgence des nationalismes ethniques en se basant sur le cas des kurdes aujourd hui la television les communications par satellite l internet et l accessibilite aux vehicules de publication creent des conditions favorables a la remise en question de l hegemonie de l etat sur l information par les mouvements ethniques nationalistes gr ce aux technologies modernes de communication une defaite humiliante peut etre le catalyseur du renforcement et de l uni cation d un mouvement ethnique nationaliste la diffusion des images d un defaite contribue a accroitre les passions et l indignation des gens qui s identi aient uniquement nominalement avec le groupe ethnique en question en favorisant la transmission immediate de cette indignation aux militants de ce groupe ethnique les technologies de communications telles le telephone le telecopieur et le courriel contribuent a forti er la determination de ces derniers a link with a homeland and a sense of solidarity among at least some of its members the kurdish homeland generally lies within the zagros mountain range where the modern day borders of turkey iran iraq and syria intersect kurdish is an indo european language related to persian the two major dialects spoken today and not completely comprehensible to each other are kurmanji and sorani seventy ve per cent of kurds speak kurmanji and practise shaf ite sunni islam while the other 25 per cent are divided between shiite muslims 15 per cent alevi christian jewish yezidi and ahl i haqq faiths a strong tribal element a shared memory of a mountain pastoral nomadic past awareness of the homeland kurdistan roughly speaking the mountainous region described above and distinct social practices combine with language and history to form a kurdish culture and ethnicity this culture has maintained its distinctiveness and integrity throughout the centuries the redrawing of the middle east s political borders after the first wo r l d wa r affected the kurds profoundly the kurdish homeland lay 6 john hutchinson and anthony d smith eds ethnicity oxford oxford university press 1996 6 7 mehrdad izady the kurds a concise handbook washington crane russak 1992 8 mordechai nisan minorities in the middle east jefferson north carolina mcfarland 1991 28 precisely where the borders of turkey iran iraq and syria were intersected thus dividing the kurdish population among these countries and making them an ethnic minority in each state the kurdish population within these four states today numbers between 23 and 28 million with an additional 800 000 expatriate kurds living abroad mostly in europe a very rough estimate 9 they form around 20 per cent of turkey s population 15 per cent of iran s 27 per cent of iraq s and less than 10 per cent of syria s 10 the kurds in all four of these nations found themselves subject in the twentieth century to strongly nationalist centralizing and repressive turkish iranian and arab governments bent on assimilating the respectively non turkish non persian or non arab ethnic minorities because of the large numbers of kurds in each of these countries the governments of the region viewed them as a potential threat to their nation building and modernizing policies 11 factors important to kurdish nationalism s adoption of modern", "title_raw": "Modern Communications Technology in Ethnic Nationalist Hands: The Case of the Kurds", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the effect of modern media and communications technology on ethnic nationalist resurgence, using the Kurds as a case example. Television, satellite communications, the Internet and easy access to publishing technology now facilitate ethnic nationalist challenges to state hegemony and monopoly of information. Additionally, modern media and communications technology can turn a humiliating defeat into a catalyst for a more uni\u008e ed, stronger, ethnic nationalist movement. Globally broadcast images of such a defeat arouse the passions and indignation of even those people who only nominally identify themselves with the ethnic group in question. At the same time, communications technology such as telephones, faxes and e-mail facilitate the channeling of such indignation into immediate group protest and action which, in turn, strengthens the ethnic identi\u008e cation of action participants. Resume. Cet article analyse la relation entre les nouvelles technologies de communication et la resurgence des nationalismes ethniques en se basant sur le cas des Kurdes. Aujourd\u2019hui, la television, les communications par satellite, l\u2019internet et l\u2019accessibilite aux vehicules de publication creent des conditions favorables a la remise en question de l\u2019hegemonie de l\u2019Etat sur l\u2019information par les mouvements ethniques nationalistes. Gr\u00e2ce aux technologies modernes de communication, une defaite humiliante peut etre le catalyseur du renforcement et de l\u2019uni\u008e cation d\u2019un mouvement ethnique nationaliste. La diffusion des images d\u2019un defaite contribue a accroitre les passions et l\u2019indignation des gens qui s\u2019identi\u008e aient uniquement nominalement avec le groupe ethnique en question. En favorisant la transmission immediate de cette indignation aux militants de ce groupe ethnique, les technologies de communications telles le telephone, le telecopieur et le courriel contribuent a forti\u008e er la determination de ces derniers. a link with a homeland and a sense of solidarity among at least some of its members.\u2019\u2019 The Kurdish homeland generally lies within the Zagros mountain range, where the modern-day borders of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria intersect. Kurdish is an Indo-European language related to Persian; the two major dialects spoken today (and not completely comprehensible to each other) are Kurmanji and Sorani. Seventy-\u008e ve per cent of Kurds speak Kurmanji and practise Shaf\u008e ite Sunni Islam, while the other 25 per cent are divided between Shiite Muslims (15 per cent) Alevi, Christian, Jewish, Yezidi and Ahl-i-Haqq faiths. A strong tribal element, a shared memory of a mountain pastoral nomadic past, awareness of the homeland Kurdistan (roughly speaking, the mountainous region described above) and distinct social practices combine with language and history to form a Kurdish culture and ethnicity. This culture has maintained its distinctiveness and integrity throughout the centuries. The redrawing of the Middle East\u2019s political borders after the First Wo r l d Wa r affected the Kurds profoundly. The Kurdish \u2018\u2018homeland\u2019\u2019 lay 6 John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith, eds., Ethnicity (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 6. 7 Mehrdad Izady, The Kurds: A Concise Handbook (Washington: Crane Russak, 1992). 8 Mordechai Nisan, Minorities in the Middle East (Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 1991), 28. precisely where the borders of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria were intersected, thus dividing the Kurdish population among these countries and making them an ethnic minority in each state. The Kurdish population within these four states today numbers between 23 and 28 million, with an additional 800,000 expatriate Kurds living abroad, mostly in Europe (a very rough estimate).9 They form around 20 per cent of Turkey\u2019s population, 15 per cent of Iran\u2019s, 27 per cent of Iraq\u2019s, and less than 10 per cent of Syria\u2019s.10 The Kurds in all four of these nations found themselves subject in the twentieth century to strongly nationalist, centralizing and repressive Turkish, Iranian and Arab governments bent on assimilating the (respectively) non-Turkish, non-Persian or non-Arab ethnic minorities. Because of the large numbers of Kurds in each of these countries, the governments of the region viewed them as a potential threat to their nation-building and modernizing policies.11 Factors Important to Kurdish Nationalism\u2019s Adoption of Modern" }, { "paper": "1991887943", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2002", "title": "political legitimacy in middle africa father family food by michael g schatzberg bloomington in indiana university press 2001 pp 292 us 49 95 us 22 95 pbk", "label": [ "46295352" ], "author": [ "2916227540" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Legitimacy in Middle Africa: father, family, food by MICHAEL G. SCHATZBERG Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2001. Pp. 292. US$49.95; US$22.95 (pbk.).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2948356254", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2002", "title": "frank lorenz muller britain and the german question perceptions of nationalism and political reform 1830 63 new york palgrave 2002 pp xii 268 65 00", "label": [ "521449643", "94625758", "2780090304" ], "author": [ "2630563711" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Frank Lorenz M\u00fcller. Britain and the German Question: Perceptions of Nationalism and Political Reform, 1830\u201363. New York: Palgrave. 2002. Pp. xii, 268. $65.00", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2002255261", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "ethiopia openly appeals for help with looming famine", "label": [ "2778589402" ], "author": [ "2645462402" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ethiopia openly appeals for help with looming famine.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2014140315", "venue": "143668711", "year": "2002", "title": "understanding organizational culture", "label": [ "185654502", "155109394", "129018949", "67674302", "39549134", "83030740", "68001002" ], "author": [ "2065079568" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the concept of organizational culture organizational culture as metaphor and metaphors for culture organizational culture and identity organizational culture and performance organizational culture strategy and marketing organizational culture and leadership work and multiple levels of culture ambiguity of culture culture as constraint an emancipatory approach cultural change conclusions", "title_raw": "Understanding organizational culture", "abstract_raw": "The Concept of Organizational Culture Organizational Culture as Metaphor and Metaphors for Culture Organizational Culture and Identity Organizational Culture and Performance Organizational Culture, Strategy and Marketing Organizational Culture and Leadership Work and Multiple Levels of Culture Ambiguity of Culture Culture as Constraint: An Emancipatory Approach Cultural Change Conclusions" }, { "paper": "1492520969", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "rapid population growth saps development", "label": [ "189326681" ], "author": [ "2163230505" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "population matters demographic change economic growth and poverty in the developing world nancy birdsall allen c kelley and steven w sinding eds oxford university press new york 2001 456 pp 72 45 isbn 0 19 924407 3 relying heavily on data from the 1980s and 1990s the contributors examine the effects of population changes on economic development", "title_raw": "Rapid Population Growth Saps Development", "abstract_raw": "Population Matters Demographic Change, Economic Growth, and Poverty in the Developing World. Nancy Birdsall, Allen C. Kelley, and Steven W. Sinding, Eds. Oxford University Press, New York, 2001. 456 pp. $72, \u00a345. ISBN 0-19-924407-3.\n\nRelying heavily on data from the 1980s and 1990s, the contributors examine the effects of population changes on economic development." }, { "paper": "1968332977", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "minorities in the scientific workforce", "label": [ "68151297", "39549134", "47177190", "2776007630", "2778139618" ], "author": [ "2103092060" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a colleague once said to me that given a choice between a graduate applicant from a historically black institution and an applicant from china with exactly the same credentials he would choose the chinese student every time despite such attitudes there was an impressive increase of nearly 65 in the number of science and engineering s e degrees awarded to minorities between 1990 and 2000 compared to a 13 6 increase in the total number of s e degrees awarded to u s citizens and permanent residents 1 but minorities participate in the scientific labor force at levels far below their representation in the total u s population in the academy minority faculty are far more likely than their white counterparts to be untenured to receive lower salaries and to have fewer publications and less extramural funding 2 why should we be concerned about this situation first in hiring promotion and salary decisions some minority scientists may be the victims of outright racial discrimination second minority scientists serve as role models encouraging future generations of potential science scholars to think seriously about scientific careers third increasing the number of minorities in the scientific labor force will reduce our dependence on international s e talent the availability of international expertise does not justify our failure to invest adequately in the development of the scientific talents of our own citizens fourth trained minority scientists can and should play a significant role in science administration and must first have opportunities to train and function as scientists finally minority scientists may be particularly committed to research areas that are of specific relevance to the minority community up to now the national science foundation national institutes of health department of education and educational institutions have tried to increase the diversity of the scientific workforce and its pipeline with incentive based programs thus fellowships at various levels summer research experiences and k 12 initiatives offer incentives to the participants to consider scientific careers and to institutions to encourage minority entry into the scientific workforce if we are to address the workforce issue effectively we must now seriously consider strategies that use another motivator namely consequences or to use a less threatening term accountability federal funding agencies must begin to reward principal investigators pis and their institutions not only for their scientific successes but also for their commitment to diversity and those agencies must require accountability from those who fail to demonstrate such a commitment one such system of accountability could require that all grant proposals to funding agencies include the following elements i a detailed description of how the proposed projects will involve minorities ii a description of how minority participants will be recruited to the projects and iii a summary of the sponsoring institution s history of recruiting supporting and retaining minority scholars faculty students and postdoctoral students and tangible evidence of its commitment to increase the number of such individuals at that institution thus for example a proposal from a pi in a department that has no minority faculty or graduate students would need to include a detailed description of what the department intends to do about this situation remedies could go beyond departmental recruitment and hiring practices the department might elect to institute a summer research program to attract minority high school students or a program that involves the participation of departmental faculty in the k 12 system training teachers assisting in the development of science curricula working with students and teachers in the classroom etc funding agencies might actually implement new incentive programs to assist investigators departments and institutions in developing workforce related initiatives the proposals submitted by pis and institutions should include a description of the mechanisms to be used to evaluate the proposed programs and over time institutions should be required to report the results of those evaluations proposals that fail to include this information would be at a competitive disadvantage and the consequence would be that only those institutions that demonstrate a substantive commitment to the recruitment development support and retention of minority scholars would continue to receive generous federal funding incentive based programs must not be abandoned in particular we must continue and increase our support for america s minority serving institutions but incentive programs alone will not solve the problem it is now time to hold investigators and institutions accountable in the scientific context at least doing so may well lead to an operational redefinition of affirmative action 3 1 fn 1 2 fn 2 3 fn 3", "title_raw": "Minorities in the Scientific Workforce", "abstract_raw": "A colleague once said to me that given a choice between a graduate applicant from a historically black institution and an applicant from China with exactly the same credentials, he would choose the Chinese student every time. Despite such attitudes, there was an impressive increase of nearly 65% in the number of science and engineering (S&E) degrees awarded to minorities between 1990 and 2000 (compared to a 13.6% increase in the total number of S&E degrees awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents).[*][1] But minorities participate in the scientific labor force at levels far below their representation in the total U.S. population. In the academy, minority faculty are far more likely than their white counterparts to be untenured, to receive lower salaries, and to have fewer publications and less extramural funding.[\u2021][2]\n\nWhy should we be concerned about this situation? First, in hiring, promotion, and salary decisions, some minority scientists may be the victims of outright racial discrimination. Second, minority scientists serve as role models, encouraging future generations of potential science scholars to think seriously about scientific careers. Third, increasing the number of minorities in the scientific labor force will reduce our dependence on international S&E talent. The availability of international expertise does not justify our failure to invest adequately in the development of the scientific talents of our own citizens. Fourth, trained minority scientists can and should play a significant role in science administration and must first have opportunities to train and function as scientists. Finally, minority scientists may be particularly committed to research areas that are of specific relevance to the minority community.\n\nUp to now, the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, Department of Education, and educational institutions have tried to increase the diversity of the scientific workforce and its pipeline with incentive-based programs. Thus, fellowships at various levels, summer research experiences, and K-12 initiatives offer incentives to the participants to consider scientific careers and to institutions to encourage minority entry into the scientific workforce. If we are to address the workforce issue effectively, we must now seriously consider strategies that use another motivator: namely, consequences, or to use a less threatening term, accountability.\n\nFederal funding agencies must begin to reward principal investigators (PIs) and their institutions not only for their scientific successes but also for their commitment to diversity, and those agencies must require accountability from those who fail to demonstrate such a commitment. One such system of accountability could require that all grant proposals to funding agencies include the following elements: (i) a detailed description of how the proposed projects will involve minorities; (ii) a description of how minority participants will be recruited to the projects; and (iii) a summary of the sponsoring institution's history of recruiting, supporting, and retaining minority scholars (faculty, students, and postdoctoral students) and tangible evidence of its commitment to increase the number of such individuals at that institution.\n\nThus, for example, a proposal from a PI in a department that has no minority faculty or graduate students would need to include a detailed description of what the department intends to do about this situation. Remedies could go beyond departmental recruitment and hiring practices. The department might elect to institute a summer research program to attract minority high school students or a program that involves the participation of departmental faculty in the K-12 system: training teachers, assisting in the development of science curricula, working with students and teachers in the classroom, etc. Funding agencies might actually implement new incentive programs to assist investigators, departments, and institutions in developing workforce-related initiatives. The proposals submitted by PIs and institutions should include a description of the mechanisms to be used to evaluate the proposed programs; and over time, institutions should be required to report the results of those evaluations. Proposals that fail to include this information would be at a competitive disadvantage, and the consequence would be that only those institutions that demonstrate a substantive commitment to the recruitment, development, support, and retention of minority scholars would continue to receive generous federal funding.\n\nIncentive-based programs must not be abandoned. In particular, we must continue and increase our support for America's minority-serving institutions. But incentive programs alone will not solve the problem. It is now time to hold investigators and institutions accountable. In the scientific context at least, doing so may well lead to an operational redefinition of affirmative action.[\u2021][3]\n\n [1]: #fn-1\n [2]: #fn-2\n [3]: #fn-3" }, { "paper": "2004598516", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2002", "title": "institutional and individual influences on the president s veto", "label": [ "2777351106", "2781243023", "2776331573", "197487636", "2776051254", "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2138255552" ], "reference": [ "584503590", "624759513", "1501189738", "1783158583", "1964024552", "1975967432", "2009260482", "2012925971", "2023609939", "2031927969", "2057580975", "2071966190", "2087155361", "2121053087", "2147791576", "2316915142", "2331396806", "2335302229", "3043975471" ], "abstract": "this article evaluates and compares president and presidency centered explanations of presidential activity with respect to one important presidential power the veto using individual bill data for nine congresses characterized by divided party government i estimate a logistic regression model of presidential vetoes this contrasts with previous research which has used annual aggregate data using individual bill data allows controls for objectionable legislation passed by congress and enables me to measure and compare the propensity to veto of different presidents i conclude that presidential vetoes are in substantial measure caused by congress passing objectionable bills but that even controlling for congressional behavior presidents exhibit strikingly different veto behavior ford was most prone to using the veto and reagan the least although external factors exert great influence on the president s veto decision the individual choices and strategies of presidents also have an important", "title_raw": "Institutional and Individual Influences on the President's Veto", "abstract_raw": "This article evaluates and compares \"president\" and \"presidency\" centered explanations of presidential activity with respect to one important presidential power, the veto. Using individual bill data for nine congresses characterized by divided party government, I estimate a logistic regression model of presidential vetoes. This contrasts with previous research, which has used annual aggregate data. Using individual bill data allows controls for objectionable legislation passed by Congress and enables me to measure and compare the \"propensity to veto\" of different presidents. I conclude that presidential vetoes are in substantial measure caused by Congress passing objectionable bills, but that even controlling for congressional behavior, presidents exhibit strikingly different veto behavior. Ford was most prone to using the veto, and Reagan, the least. Although external factors exert great influence on the president's veto decision, the individual choices and strategies of presidents also have an important..." }, { "paper": "2056425524", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2002", "title": "outcry greets us plan to test smallpox vaccine on children", "label": [ "2778521920" ], "author": [ "40770122" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Outcry greets US plan to test smallpox vaccine on children", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2054011119", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "designing democracy what constitutions do by cass r sunstein oxford oxford university press 2001 304p 29 95", "label": [ "555826173", "199539241", "2777638717", "177986884", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2478473357" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a venerable question has once again become a dominant issue confronting public law scholars with the collapse of the soviet union and the end of the cold war ostensibly democratic states have emerged throughout the areas formerly designated as the second and third worlds the establishment of these new regimes has invariably been accompanied by the promulgation of written constitutions for public law scholars this sequence has posed the question of the utility of written constitutions what if anything do these documents add to nation state and society", "title_raw": "Designing Democracy: What Constitutions Do. By Cass R. Sunstein. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. 304p. $29.95.", "abstract_raw": "A venerable question has once again become a dominant issue confronting public law scholars. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, ostensibly democratic states have emerged throughout the areas formerly designated as the Second and Third Worlds. The establishment of these new regimes has invariably been accompanied by the promulgation of written constitutions. For public law scholars, this sequence has posed the question of the utility of written constitutions: What, if anything, do these documents add to nation, state, and society?" }, { "paper": "2027902973", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2002", "title": "the presidential election in ukraine october 1999", "label": [ "59742305", "2776129789", "45184978", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2141435862" ], "reference": [ "2017046014", "2043045527", "2056720499", "2061413316", "2078664954" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The presidential election in Ukraine, October 1999", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1998851455", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "what role should the eu have in health care regulation", "label": [ "160735492" ], "author": [ "2472664475" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "What role should the EU have in health-care regulation?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1599849531", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "u s research on sedatives in combat sets off alarms", "label": [ "101216236", "199539241", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2667115662" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "chemical weaponsthe u s government is sponsoring research into the feasibility of combat use of sedatives and other drugs that inhibit the function of the central nervous system the work described in documents obtained by science is part of a broader effort to create an arsenal of nonlethal weapons for soldiers and police but critics say that turning such drugs into tools to subdue hostile forces would run counter to an international treaty that bans the use of chemical weapons", "title_raw": "U.S. Research on Sedatives in Combat Sets Off Alarms", "abstract_raw": "CHEMICAL WEAPONSThe U.S. government is sponsoring research into the feasibility of combat use of sedatives and other drugs that inhibit the function of the central nervous system. The work, described in documents obtained by Science , is part of a broader effort to create an arsenal of nonlethal weapons for soldiers and police. But critics say that turning such drugs into tools to subdue hostile forces would run counter to an international treaty that bans the use of chemical weapons." }, { "paper": "2282437865", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2002", "title": "preparing future faculty symposium preparing future faculty the political science department at howard university", "label": [ "2780510313", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2277268924", "2274067750", "2280285353" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "howard university has been an active participant in the national pff program since its inception in 1994 as the only historically black college or university hbcu within the national pff community it serves as the pff coordinating institution for the washington dc pff cluster of institutions these institutions include bowie state university the catholic university of america marymount university virginia polytechnic institute and howard community college representing a very diverse and unique pff community", "title_raw": "Preparing Future Faculty Symposium: Preparing Future Faculty - The Political Science Department at Howard University", "abstract_raw": "Howard University has been an active participant in the national PFF program since its inception in 1994. As the only historically black college or university (HBCU) within the national PFF community, it serves as the PFF coordinating institution for the Washington, DC, PFF cluster of institutions. These institutions include Bowie State University, The Catholic University of America, Marymount University, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, and Howard Community College, representing a very diverse and unique PFF community." }, { "paper": "1487477972", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "antiterrorism usda closes lab doors to foreign scientists", "label": [ "528167355", "203133693", "3116431" ], "author": [ "1621321188" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "antiterrorismto guard against terrorism the u s department of agriculture usda will no longer apply for visas to permit foreign scientists and students to work in its labs the policy which went into effect last month with little fanfare is prompting an outcry from critics who say it is an overreaction to legitimate concerns about national security that could weaken u s agricultural science it also runs counter to pronouncements by high ranking bush administration officials about the importance of international cooperation in science", "title_raw": "Antiterrorism. USDA closes lab doors to foreign scientists.", "abstract_raw": "ANTITERRORISMTo guard against terrorism, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) will no longer apply for visas to permit foreign scientists and students to work in its labs. The policy, which went into effect last month with little fanfare, is prompting an outcry from critics, who say it is an overreaction to legitimate concerns about national security that could weaken U.S. agricultural science. It also runs counter to pronouncements by high-ranking Bush Administration officials about the importance of international cooperation in science." }, { "paper": "1970521487", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2002", "title": "context and francophone support for the sovereignty of quebec an ecological analysis", "label": [ "520049643", "186229450", "148834064", "2777366252", "59742305", "94625758" ], "author": [ "3176660995", "2162568688" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "new techniques of ecological inference are utilized to estimate with confidence intervals francophone support in each federal electoral district in quebec for the pro sovereignty side in the 1993 and 1997 canadian general elections and the 1992 and 1995 referenda analyzing the link between demographic and political contextual variables and support for the sovereignty of quebec suggests that demographic factors such as the proportion of farmers and government workers influence francophone voting behaviour more often than political factors such as incumbency unlike in many other countries with ethnically based movements francophone support for sovereignty actually rises as the francophone portion of the population rises this finding indicates that the contact hypothesis probably applies to the quebec sovereignty movement", "title_raw": "Context and Francophone Support for the Sovereignty of Quebec: An Ecological Analysis", "abstract_raw": "New techniques of ecological inference are utilized to estimate with confidence intervals francophone support in each federal electoral district in Quebec for the pro-sovereignty side in the 1993 and 1997 Canadian general elections and the 1992 and 1995 referenda. Analyzing the link between demographic and political contextual variables and support for the sovereignty of Quebec suggests that demographic factors, such as the proportion of farmers and government workers, influence francophone voting behaviour more often than political factors such as incumbency. Unlike in many other countries with ethnically based movements, francophone support for sovereignty actually rises as the francophone portion of the population rises. This finding indicates that the contact hypothesis probably applies to the Quebec sovereignty movement." }, { "paper": "2078388204", "venue": "51885707", "year": "2002", "title": "restructuring seaside tourism", "label": [ "45237549", "18918823" ], "author": [ "2148393756" ], "reference": [ "43912230", "78052006", "116669027", "117183803", "194241092", "251610230", "588789110", "625936046", "1513310451", "1515337425", "1516124637", "1535408736", "1543435969", "1560955177", "1574250614", "1574317998", "1590908717", "1966421920", "1968479518", "1968973950", "1970047350", "1978092556", "1983366642", "1984012940", "1985696902", "1992357749", "1994890430", "1994895939", "1996168169", "1996490087", "2002050008", "2010566061", "2010881506", "2014820834", "2016311036", "2024238298", "2029027450", "2029888826", "2034769775", "2036998817", "2037347539", "2042002450", "2043263912", "2045073873", "2050142017", "2052281534", "2057021398", "2058145099", "2060935379", "2062062027", "2062082242", "2063396745", "2064020433", "2065431773", "2079943858", "2080474785", "2087146583", "2101144263", "2111462055", "2120422899", "2121641780", "2127220264", "2129104976", "2129317794", "2157208319", "2164216038", "2249122613", "2312233868", "2588715991", "3145859422", "3149395617" ], "abstract": "abstract this paper evaluates the theoretical insights provided by butler s resort cycle and the restructuring thesis and it explores two theoretical relationships that may be drawn between these two constructs the theme is considered in the context of mass tourism coastal resorts generally and of three english seaside resorts specifically and some important issues are highlighted relating to decline and restructuring these issues include the suggestion that resort decline is not necessarily associated with the course of the lifecycle or a particular capitalist phase but is the outcome of interactions between internal and external forces and that restructuring must incorporate a greater appreciation of place distinctiveness", "title_raw": "Restructuring seaside tourism", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This paper evaluates the theoretical insights provided by Butler's resort cycle and the restructuring thesis, and it explores two theoretical relationships that may be drawn between these two constructs. The theme is considered in the context of mass tourism coastal resorts generally and of three English seaside resorts specifically, and some important issues are highlighted, relating to decline and restructuring. These issues include the suggestion that resort decline is not necessarily associated with the course of the lifecycle or a particular capitalist phase, but is the outcome of interactions between internal and external forces, and that restructuring must incorporate a greater appreciation of place distinctiveness." }, { "paper": "2978804913", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2002", "title": "altering party systems strategic behavior and the emergence of new political parties in western democracies simon hug", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2979224447" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Altering Party Systems: Strategic Behavior and the Emergence of New Political Parties in Western Democracies. Simon Hug", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1510848894", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "nato ordered to cut science program", "label": [ "3116431", "2778431023", "94625758", "135121143" ], "author": [ "2274243332" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "international cooperationcambridge u k two days before last week s first ever grand gathering in brussels of researchers and others connected with nato s science program the alliance s political overseers slashed the program s 24 million budget by 13 the fete quickly turned into a self examination of a program that has struggled to find a suitable mission to replace its former role in helping western nations stand up to soviet hegemony it also spawned a behind the scenes effort to reverse the cuts", "title_raw": "NATO Ordered to Cut Science Program", "abstract_raw": "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONCAMBRIDGE, U.K.-- Two days before last week's first-ever \"Grand Gathering\" in Brussels of researchers and others connected with NATO's science program, the alliance's political overseers slashed the program's $24 million budget by 13%. The fete quickly turned into a self-examination of a program that has struggled to find a suitable mission to replace its former role in helping Western nations stand up to Soviet hegemony. It also spawned a behind-the-scenes effort to reverse the cuts." }, { "paper": "2084540985", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "inequality of international public health", "label": [ "46578552", "113807197", "147859227", "193395930", "2250968", "47344431", "185618831" ], "author": [ "2570221094", "1582180541" ], "reference": [ "2497510747" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Inequality of international public health", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2050461805", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2002", "title": "reorganizing for national security and homeland security", "label": [ "39549134", "509929229", "506469952", "194506181", "114869243", "528167355", "3116431", "20780181", "2777167558", "505623098" ], "author": [ "1981332782" ], "reference": [ "61885275", "85844224", "100746132", "142900229", "430148771", "609438712", "620114094", "651701938", "1488576384", "1499268907", "1562761708", "1974806730", "1989478737", "2012436875", "2026510364", "2037927976", "2038249903", "2048476548", "2058787854", "2067782325", "2128499846", "2139122086", "2139981886", "2166851620", "2324315447", "2328045011", "2335126140", "2347130057", "2401615420", "2478318629", "2545097507", "2796592583", "2796660274", "2797528463", "2798772886", "2889461270", "2890119701", "2944467973", "2970487181", "2980468528" ], "abstract": "this article considers the post september 11 challenges faced by the u s national security machinery and analyzes the relationship between the new threat environment the united states s role in the world and decision making structure homeland security is defined as a subset of national security the threat of foreign terrorist organizations acting on u s soil should be seen in the political context of the pursuit of u s national interests in an ofen anarchic world two models for homeland security organizational structures are considered a departmental model and an interagency model the interagency model embodied in the homeland security council is a better fit given the nature of the threat the crucial need for coordination and the realities of governmental decision making the organizational challenges that may complicate the government s preparations decisions and implementation of a major homeland defense mission stem from three rivalries executive legislative cabinet staff and homeland security councilnational security council", "title_raw": "Reorganizing for National Security and Homeland Security", "abstract_raw": "This article considers the post-September 11 challenges faced by the U.S. national security machinery and analyzes the relationship between the new threat environment, the United States's role in the world, and decision-making structure. Homeland security is defined as a subset of national security. The threat of foreign terrorist organizations acting on U.S. soil should be seen in the political context of the pursuit of U.S. national interests in an ofen anarchic world. Two models for homeland security organizational structures are considered: a departmental model and an interagency model. The interagency model, embodied in the Homeland Security Council, is a better fit given the nature of the threat, the crucial need for coordination, and the realities of governmental decision making. The organizational challenges that may complicate the government's preparations, decisions, and implementation of a major homeland defense mission stem from three rivalries: executive-legislative, cabinet-staff, and Homeland Security CouncilNational Security Council." }, { "paper": "2088879168", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2002", "title": "the general election in belgium june 1999", "label": [ "3116431", "59742305" ], "author": [ "2993040222" ], "reference": [ "847055680", "1728527259", "2523020556", "2523917267" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The general election in Belgium, June 1999", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2327405603", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2002", "title": "the power of tiananmen state society relations and the 1989 beijing student movement", "label": [ "2778304055", "2776051254", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2096071305", "2137980543" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2057474702", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2002", "title": "the second review conference of the 1980 convention on certain conventional weapons", "label": [ "2778573023", "2778227686", "2777363581", "2780608745", "2780652975", "165341840" ], "author": [ "3173500039", "2706532722" ], "reference": [ "2061416201", "2079213118", "2206034852", "2253967581", "2314271845" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "THE SECOND REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THE 1980 CONVENTION ON CERTAIN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2002601866", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "washington bush nominates white house aide as fda chief", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2084685189" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "washington Bush nominates White House aide as FDA chief", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2079255566", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2002", "title": "from chaos to coercion detention and the control of tuberculosis", "label": [ "2776153805" ], "author": [ "45666544" ], "reference": [ "2043093601", "2080220035" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "From chaos to coercion: detention and the control of tuberculosis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2315311560", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2002", "title": "freedom and time a theory of constitutional self government jed rubenfeld", "label": [ "148834064", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1569668266" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Freedom and Time: A Theory of Constitutional Self-Government. Jed Rubenfeld", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1982145255", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2002", "title": "pippa norris ed britain votes 2001 hansard society series in politics and government oxford oxford university press 2001 276 pp isbn 0 19 851049 7", "label": [ "2779599118", "148834064", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2088143501" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Pippa Norris (ed.), Britain Votes 2001, Hansard Society Series in Politics and Government, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001, 276 pp., ISBN 0\u201319\u2013851049\u20137", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2327196301", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2002", "title": "esteemed colleagues civility and deliberation in the u s senate burdett a loomis", "label": [ "2780015519", "2776946740", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2688888969" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Esteemed Colleagues: Civility and Deliberation in the U.S. Senate. Burdett A. Loomis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1975431676", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2002", "title": "evaluating democratic progress inside russia the komi republic and the republic of bashkortostan", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758", "555826173", "17058734", "2776007630" ], "author": [ "2487585897", "2208381676" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article compares and contrasts the political transitions in the two russian republics of komi and bashkortostan it is argued that these republics are among many in russia s weak federation whose behaviour is akin to nation states two critical junctures occurring in the early 1990s profoundly affected the transition paths democratic transitions of the political regime had been completed in both republics by early 1995 since then both have completed regime consolidation but not resulting in democracy political elites have cloaked their true intentions by seeming to want to participate in the spirit of the times namely democratization in post communist europe while in fact promoting undemocratic practices and only superficial accountability the arrival of president putin at the centre may prove to be a third critical juncture that jolts the regimes in the two republics into a period of uncertainty and a new transition", "title_raw": "Evaluating Democratic Progress Inside Russia: The Komi Republic and the Republic of Bashkortostan", "abstract_raw": "This article compares and contrasts the political transitions in the two Russian Republics of Komi and Bashkortostan. It is argued that these republics are among many in Russia's weak federation whose behaviour is akin to nation-states. Two critical junctures occurring in the early 1990s profoundly affected the transition paths. Democratic transitions of the political regime had been completed in both republics by early 1995. Since then both have completed regime consolidation but not resulting in democracy. Political elites have cloaked their true intentions by seeming to want to participate in the 'spirit of the times', namely democratization in post-communist Europe, while in fact promoting undemocratic practices and only superficial accountability. The arrival of President Putin at the centre may prove to be a third critical juncture that jolts the regimes in the two republics into a period of uncertainty and a new transition." }, { "paper": "2075726952", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2002", "title": "welfare and employment in a united europe edited by giuseppe bertola tito boeri and guiseppe nicoletti", "label": [ "100243477" ], "author": [ "2166656415" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Welfare and Employment in a United Europe edited by Giuseppe Bertola, Tito Boeri, and Guiseppe Nicoletti", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2149758946", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2002", "title": "ethnicity political systems and civil wars", "label": [ "137403100", "120302604", "555826173", "94625758", "17058734", "125505783", "189464175", "81631423" ], "author": [ "2344884452" ], "reference": [ "1493573584", "1585487813", "1593325244", "1987332910", "2023522548", "2027231509", "2036518322", "2044739107", "2047665426", "2057238339", "2087204809", "2087933684", "2105223815", "2111467785", "2123260710", "2142013610", "2150148355", "2151848478", "2159191507", "2320171224", "2324440273", "2918102586", "2953485445", "3005898555", "3022337859", "3125610041", "3125744361", "3126105906" ], "abstract": "the effect of ethnic division on civil war and the role of political systems in preventing these conflicts are analyzed using the importance of religious polarization and animist diversity to explain the incidence of ethnic civil war findings show that religious differences are a social cleavage more important than linguistic differences in the development of civil war and being a consociational democracy significantly reduces the incidence of ethnic civil war", "title_raw": "Ethnicity, Political Systems, and Civil Wars", "abstract_raw": "The effect of ethnic division on civil war and the role of political systems in preventing these conflicts are analyzed, using the importance of religious polarization and animist diversity to explain the incidence of ethnic civil war. Findings show that religious differences are a social cleavage more important than linguistic differences in the development of civil war, and being a consociational democracy significantly reduces the incidence of ethnic civil war." }, { "paper": "195167487", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2002", "title": "conventions on the suppression of terrorist bombings and on financing", "label": [ "203133693" ], "author": [ "2579672349" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Conventions on the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings and on Financing", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2007860468", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "issues in amazonian development", "label": [ "2778571376", "552854447", "148834064" ], "author": [ "229857016", "2169027514" ], "reference": [ "1598701952", "1626806761", "1988304095", "2001555756", "2056724844", "2067503897", "2099667461", "2110516276" ], "abstract": "daniel nepstad and colleagues highlight some laudable improvements in environmental protection legislation and public attitudes in brazilian amazonia in their policy forum frontier governance in amazonia 25 jan p 629 1 and they say that such efforts hold the key to sustainable development in the region although the authors provide an important perspective on a complex and contentious issue some of their assertions are misleading and perhaps even dangerous our greatest concern is that by suggesting that many of the planned infrastructure developments in the region including an unprecedented expansion of paved highways and river channelization projects are inevitable nepstad et al could be creating a self fulfilling prophesy many proposed projects are far from inevitable and are likely to have enormous environmental costs for example the two largest river channelization projects the tocantins araguaia and tapajos waterways are the subject of ongoing legal battles and could have severe impacts on aquatic habitats and indigenous peoples 1 2 nepstad et al correctly emphasize that many gains in amazonian environmental protection are fragile but we believe that they go too far in implying that such improvements could realistically control the impacts of massive new infrastructure developments our view is supported by negative trends like the significant acceleration of amazonian deforestation during the past decade 2 3 rampant illegal logging and gold mining 3 4 and a panoply of destructive activities in southern para 4 5 several proposed projects including major highways that would bisect large forest tracts are likely to promote large scale invasions by farmers loggers and hunters and dramatically increase rates of forest loss and fragmentation 5 6 7 6 such projects could easily open a pandora s box of exploitive activities that are beyond the government s capacity to control economic development is indeed needed in amazonia but many proposed megaprojects such as paving the cuiaba santarem highway would mainly benefit wealthy soybean exporters in central brazil not the amazonian poor 1 2 nepstad et al also stretch plausibilty to suggest that much of the us 70 million that the soybean exporters expect to save annually would find its way through highway tolls or taxes to frontier governance in amazonia finally nepstad et al suggest that recent interministerial seminars in the brazilian congress could signal a shift in government attitudes toward amazonian infrastructure development however there is no compelling evidence that the planning process has fundamentally changed 1 2 2 3 and the threats to amazonian ecosystems remain very real 1 7 1 p m fearnside environ conserv 28 23 2001 2 8 1 w f laurance 2 a albernaz 3 c da costa environ conserv 28 305 2001 3 9 1 w f laurance trends ecol evol 13 411 1998 4 10 1 p m fearnside world devel 29 1361 2001 5 11 1 w f laurance 2 et al science 291 438 2001 6 avanca brasil os custos ambientais para a amazonia instituto de pesquisa ambiental da amazonia belem brazil 2000 7 1 g carvalho 2 a barros 3 p moutinho 4 d nepstad nature 409 131 2001 response article title 2 laurance and fearnside are correct in restating the difficulty of regulating land use along new amazon corridors however their comments misrepresent several aspects of this issue and potentially undermine a historical opportunity for science to strengthen brazil s fragile steps toward frontier governance many transportation infrastructure projects are indeed inevitable or complete as we confirmed during recent expeditions along 5000 km of proposed highway corridors for example the manaus caribbean corridor was completed in 1998 and the transamazon highway paving will reach altamira later this year 400 km as will the first corridor linking brazil to the peruvian amazon three paving companies are working on the cuiaba santarem highway and the capim river has already been channelized research is needed to compare the potential costs and benefits of alternative economic corridor investments to help design regional planning approaches that reconcile forest conservation with socioeconomic development and to identify those planned investments that should not be made 1 12 3 13 this opportunity is lost when investments in new economic corridors are condemned generally 3 13 4 14 as a working example of this process the government s railway highway and river channelization proposals for moving soybeans to the amazon port of santarem are economically redundant paving of the existing road along which 170 000 people reside holds the greatest potential to maximize social and economic benefits while minimizing environmental and social costs under a scenario of frontier governance it is the only alternative that has moved beyond the planning stages regarding deforestation trends brazil s satellite based deforestation estimates provide no information on the occurrence of fire which dropped sharply since 1999 or on logging as we reported previously 5 15 moreover to interpret the acceleration of amazonian deforestation during the past decade as evidence that frontier governance is unrealistic seems to ignore the simplest explanation of this trend which is the economic recession that preceded the brazilian economic plan real of 1994 6 16 the highest deforestation was in 1995 the best measure of frontier governance is the enforcement of brazil s ambitious environmental regulations on the active agricultural frontier as mato grosso state has begun to achieve in the target areas of its deforestation regulation program as for laurance and fearnside s comment that the idea of a highway toll on the cuiaba santarem highway does stretch plausibility this idea comes from soy producers themselves we have discussed with them the possibility of using part of such a toll to finance conservation and development activities along the corridor in conclusion the brazilian government has taken historical steps toward frontier governance that must be evaluated and reported by the scientific community even as continuing environmental and social problems are analyzed and documented the scientific challenge is to move beyond sweeping condemnation of infrastructure investments that are already made and being made or risk fostering a self fulfilling prophecy of business as usual forest destruction 1 17 1 d nepstad 2 et al for ecol manag 154 395 2001 2 avanca brasil os custos ambientais para a amazonia instituto de pesquisa ambiental da amazonia belem brazil 2000 http www ipam org br 18 3 19 1 g carvalho 2 et al nature 409 131 2001 4 20 1 d nepstad 2 et al science and the future of amazon policy science debates online 18 july 2001 available at 5 21 1 d nepstad 2 et al nature 398 505 1999 6 22 1 d mcgrath unpublished data 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 1067053 2 ref 1 3 ref 2 4 ref 3 5 ref 4 6 ref 5 7 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 8 xref ref 2 1 view reference 2 in text 9 xref ref 3 1 view reference 3 in text 10 xref ref 4 1 view reference 4 in text 11 xref ref 5 1 view reference 5 in text 12 ref 8 13 ref 10 14 ref 11 15 ref 12 16 ref 13 17 xref ref 8 1 view reference 1 in text 18 http www ipam org br 19 xref ref 10 1 view reference 3 in text 20 xref ref 11 1 view reference 4 in text 21 xref ref 12 1 view reference 5 in text 22 xref ref 13 1 view reference 6 in text", "title_raw": "Issues in Amazonian Development", "abstract_raw": "Daniel Nepstad and colleagues highlight some laudable improvements in environmental protection, legislation, and public attitudes in Brazilian Amazonia in their Policy Forum \u201cFrontier governance in Amazonia\u201d (25 Jan., p. [629][1]), and they say that such efforts hold the key to sustainable development in the region. Although the authors provide an important perspective on a complex and contentious issue, some of their assertions are misleading and perhaps even dangerous.\n\nOur greatest concern is that, by suggesting that many of the planned infrastructure developments in the region\u2014including an unprecedented expansion of paved highways and river channelization projects\u2014are \u201cinevitable,\u201d Nepstad et al. could be creating a self-fulfilling prophesy. Many proposed projects are far from inevitable and are likely to have enormous environmental costs. For example, the two largest river channelization projects (the Tocantins-Araguaia and Tapajos waterways) are the subject of ongoing legal battles and could have severe impacts on aquatic habitats and indigenous peoples ([1][2]).\n\nNepstad et al. correctly emphasize that many gains in Amazonian environmental protection are fragile, but we believe that they go too far in implying that such improvements could realistically control the impacts of massive new infrastructure developments. Our view is supported by negative trends like the significant acceleration of Amazonian deforestation during the past decade ([2][3]), rampant illegal logging and gold mining ([3][4]), and a panoply of destructive activities in southern Para ([4][5]). Several proposed projects, including major highways that would bisect large forest tracts, are likely to promote large-scale invasions by farmers, loggers, and hunters and dramatically increase rates of forest loss and fragmentation ([5][6]\u2013[7][6]). Such projects could easily open a Pandora's box of exploitive activities that are beyond the government's capacity to control.\n\nEconomic development is indeed needed in Amazonia, but many proposed megaprojects, such as paving the Cuiaba-Santarem highway, would mainly benefit wealthy soybean exporters in central Brazil, not the Amazonian poor ([1][2]). Nepstad et al . also stretch plausibilty to suggest that much of the US$70 million that the soybean exporters expect to save annually would find its way, through highway tolls or taxes, to frontier governance in Amazonia.\n\nFinally, Nepstad et al. suggest that recent interministerial seminars in the Brazilian Congress could signal a shift in government attitudes toward Amazonian infrastructure development. However, there is no compelling evidence that the planning process has fundamentally changed ([1][2], [2][3]), and the threats to Amazonian ecosystems remain very real.\n\n1. [\u21b5][7]1. P. M. Fearnside\n , Environ. Conserv. 28, 23 (2001).\n \n\n2. [\u21b5][8]1. W. F. Laurance, 2. A. Albernaz, 3. C. Da Costa\n , Environ. Conserv. 28, 305 (2001).\n \n\n3. [\u21b5][9]1. W. F. Laurance\n , Trends Ecol. Evol. 13, 411 (1998).\n \n\n4. [\u21b5][10]1. P. M. Fearnside\n , World Devel. 29, 1361 (2001).\n \n\n5. [\u21b5][11]1. W. F. Laurance 2. et al.\n , Science 291, 438 (2001).\n \n\n6. Avanca Brasil: Os Custos Ambientais para a Amazonia (Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazonia, Belem, Brazil, 2000 ).\n \n\n7. 1. G. Carvalho, 2. A. Barros, 3. P. Moutinho, 4. D. Nepstad\n , Nature 409, 131 (2001).\n \n\n# Response {#article-title-2}\n\nLaurance and Fearnside are correct in restating the difficulty of regulating land use along new Amazon corridors. However, their comments misrepresent several aspects of this issue and potentially undermine a historical opportunity for science to strengthen Brazil's fragile steps toward frontier governance.\n\nMany transportation infrastructure projects are, indeed, inevitable (or complete), as we confirmed during recent expeditions along 5000 km of proposed highway corridors. For example, the Manaus-Caribbean corridor was completed in 1998, and the Transamazon highway paving will reach Altamira later this year (400 km), as will the first corridor linking Brazil to the Peruvian Amazon. Three paving companies are working on the Cuiaba-Santarem highway, and the Capim River has already been channelized.\n\nResearch is needed to compare the potential costs and benefits of alternative economic corridor investments, to help design regional planning approaches that reconcile forest conservation with socioeconomic development, and to identify those planned investments that should not be made ([1][12]\u2013[3][13]). This opportunity is lost when investments in new economic corridors are condemned generally ([3][13], [4][14]). As a working example of this process, the government's railway, highway, and river channelization proposals for moving soybeans to the Amazon port of Santarem are economically redundant. Paving of the existing road, along which 170,000 people reside, holds the greatest potential to maximize social and economic benefits while minimizing environmental and social costs under a scenario of frontier governance. It is the only alternative that has moved beyond the planning stages.\n\nRegarding deforestation trends, Brazil's satellite-based deforestation estimates provide no information on the occurrence of fire, which dropped sharply since 1999, or on logging, as we reported previously ([5][15]). Moreover, to interpret the \u201cacceleration of Amazonian deforestation during the past decade\u201d as evidence that frontier governance is unrealistic seems to ignore the simplest explanation of this trend, which is the economic recession that preceded the Brazilian economic plan Real of 1994 ([6][16]). The highest deforestation was in 1995. The best measure of frontier governance is the enforcement of Brazil's ambitious environmental regulations on the active agricultural frontier, as Mato Grosso state has begun to achieve in the target areas of its deforestation regulation program.\n\nAs for Laurance and Fearnside's comment that the idea of a highway toll on the Cuiaba-Santarem highway does \u201cstretch plausibility,\u201d this idea comes from soy producers themselves. We have discussed with them the possibility of using part of such a toll to finance conservation and development activities along the corridor.\n\nIn conclusion, the Brazilian government has taken historical steps toward frontier governance that must be evaluated and reported by the scientific community, even as continuing environmental and social problems are analyzed and documented. The scientific challenge is to move beyond sweeping condemnation of infrastructure investments that are already made, and being made, or risk fostering a self-fulfilling prophecy of business-as-usual forest destruction.\n\n1. [\u21b5][17]1. D. Nepstad 2. et al.\n , For. Ecol. Manag. 154, 395 (2001).\n \n\n2. Avanca Brasil: Os Custos Ambientais para a Amazonia (Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazonia, Belem, Brazil, 2000, [http//:www.ipam.org.br/][18]).\n \n\n3. [\u21b5][19]1. G. Carvalho 2. et al.\n , Nature 409, 131 (2001).\n \n\n4. [\u21b5][20]1. D. Nepstad 2. et al.\n , \u201cScience and the future of Amazon policy\u201d, Science dEbates \\[online\\] (18 July 2001), available at .\n \n\n5. [\u21b5][21]1. D. Nepstad 2. et al.\n , Nature 398, 505 (1999).\n \n\n6. [\u21b5][22]1. D. McGrath\n , unpublished data.\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1067053\n [2]: #ref-1\n [3]: #ref-2\n [4]: #ref-3\n [5]: #ref-4\n [6]: #ref-5\n [7]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1 in text\"\n [8]: #xref-ref-2-1 \"View reference 2 in text\"\n [9]: #xref-ref-3-1 \"View reference 3 in text\"\n [10]: #xref-ref-4-1 \"View reference 4 in text\"\n [11]: #xref-ref-5-1 \"View reference 5 in text\"\n [12]: #ref-8\n [13]: #ref-10\n [14]: #ref-11\n [15]: #ref-12\n [16]: #ref-13\n [17]: #xref-ref-8-1 \"View reference 1 in text\"\n [18]: http://www.ipam.org.br/\n [19]: #xref-ref-10-1 \"View reference 3 in text\"\n [20]: #xref-ref-11-1 \"View reference 4 in text\"\n [21]: #xref-ref-12-1 \"View reference 5 in text\"\n [22]: #xref-ref-13-1 \"View reference 6 in text\"" }, { "paper": "2799378814", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2002", "title": "latin america at the end of politics", "label": [ "158886217", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2240306456", "2124298795" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Latin America at the End of Politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1982202749", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2002", "title": "africa s challenge to international relations theory edited by k evin c d unn and t imothy m s haw basingstoke palgrave 2001 pp xvi 242 47 50", "label": [ "196927870" ], "author": [ "2302485484" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Africa's Challenge to International Relations Theory edited by K EVIN C. D UNN and T IMOTHY M. S HAW Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001. Pp. xvi+242. \u00a347.50.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2319200512", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2002", "title": "war transitions and the new civilian security in latin america", "label": [ "2779948991", "544040105", "555826173", "94625758", "169437150", "68346564", "17058734", "2775907854" ], "author": [ "2122872537" ], "reference": [ "3133157113" ], "abstract": "during the 1970s and 1980s latin america and the caribbean experienced some of the most notorious human rights violations of the late twentieth century from the disappearance of thousands in argentina to the arrest and torture of one fifth of uruguay s adult population to the infamous death squads of el salvador and guatemala latin america became synonymous with state violence under military rule the sweeping onset of democracy in the past two decades makes it possible to examine crucial questions about the transformation of repressive security forces does democratization automatically democratize internal security forces that turned on their own citizens can police forces which were brutal powerful and unaccountable under authoritarian rule be supplanted by new security systems rooted in respect for citizen rights elected civilian control accountability and professionalism these questions highlight the importance of internal security forces police forces domestic intelligence agencies and their controlling agents rather than conventional military forces in the quality of political democracy they also reflect important theoretical debates about democratic transitions and their relevance for the quality of citizens everyday lives under democracy some scholars argue that democratization holds little possibility for significant changes in military and political power others argue that democratization leads to a reduction in military power and to more civilian security systems still others believe that outcomes are path dependent reflecting international factors or domestic processes during the transition period these competing views offer very different answers to the question does democratization change how states treat their citizens", "title_raw": "War Transitions and the New Civilian Security in Latin America", "abstract_raw": "During the 1970s and 1980s Latin America and the Caribbean experienced some of the most notorious human rights violations of the late twentieth century. From the \"disappearance\" of thousands in Argentina, to the arrest and torture of one-fifth of Uruguay's adult population, to the infamous death squads of El Salvador and Guatemala, Latin America became synonymous with state violence under military rule. The sweeping onset of democracy in the past two decades makes it possible to examine crucial questions about the transformation of repressive security forces. Does democratization automatically democratize internal security forces that turned on their own citizens? Can police forces which were brutal, powerful, and unaccountable under authoritarian rule be supplanted by new security systems rooted in respect for citizen rights, elected civilian control, accountability, and professionalism? These questions highlight the importance of internal security forces-police forces, domestic intelligence agencies, and their controlling agents-rather than conventional military forces in the quality of political democracy. They also reflect important theoretical debates about democratic transitions and their relevance for the quality of citizens' everyday lives under democracy. Some scholars argue that democratization holds little possibility for significant changes in military and political power. Others argue that democratization leads to a reduction in military power and to more civilian security systems. Still others believe that outcomes are path-dependent, reflecting international factors or domestic processes during the transition period. These competing views offer very different answers to the question: does democratization change how states treat their citizens?" }, { "paper": "2593764805", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "balancing public health and civil liberties 2 multiple letters", "label": [ "199539241", "2775923278" ], "author": [ "1927636742", "1845558891", "1908615014", "2059368302", "2594703602", "2121666351", "1936804731", "2223255211", "2172366357" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Balancing public health and civil liberties [2] (multiple letters)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2799803951", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2002", "title": "fascism and communism book", "label": [ "542948173" ], "author": [ "2041493499" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Fascism and Communism (Book)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2013613875", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2002", "title": "kenneth waltz neorealism and foreign policy", "label": [ "93377909", "2776661704", "79165680" ], "author": [ "2508787662" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "2002 kenneth waltz neorealism and foreign policy security studies vol 11 no 3 pp 158 170", "title_raw": "Kenneth Waltz, Neorealism, and Foreign Policy", "abstract_raw": "(2002). Kenneth Waltz, Neorealism, and Foreign Policy. Security Studies: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 158-170." }, { "paper": "2014636473", "venue": "90857023", "year": "2002", "title": "australian immigration policy the significance of the events of september 11", "label": [ "111141941" ], "author": [ "2147389565" ], "reference": [ "162887582", "1818586884" ], "abstract": "dans cet article l a se penche sur les conditions du durcissement de la politique de l immigration en australie concernant les demandeurs d asile renforcees par les evenements du 11 septembre qui ont contribue au sentiment d insecurite et au renforcement de la part du gouvernement conservateur australien", "title_raw": "Australian Immigration Policy: The Significance of the Events of September 11", "abstract_raw": "Dans cet article, l'A. se penche sur les conditions du durcissement de la politique de l'immigration en Australie concernant les demandeurs d'asile, renforcees par les evenements du 11 septembre, qui ont contribue au sentiment d'insecurite et au renforcement de la part du gouvernement conservateur australien" }, { "paper": "1547977776", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "livermore keeps it all in the family", "label": [ "2778971194", "2777167558" ], "author": [ "1893168251" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "doe weapons labsthe appointment of an insider to head lawrence livermore national laboratory ends a politically charged search that highlighted the sharp tensions between the lab s managers the university of california and its boss the department of energy the new director theoretical physicist michael anastasio takes the job just as president george w bush has assigned the lab a more visible role in u s homeland defense see p 1944 1 1 http www sciencemag org cgi content short 296 5575 1944", "title_raw": "Livermore Keeps It All in the Family", "abstract_raw": "DOE WEAPONS LABSThe appointment of an insider to head Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ends a politically charged search that highlighted the sharp tensions between the lab's managers, the University of California, and its boss, the Department of Energy. The new director, theoretical physicist Michael Anastasio, takes the job just as President George W. Bush has assigned the lab a more visible role in U.S. homeland defense (see p. [1944][1]).\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/296/5575/1944" }, { "paper": "1964090188", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2002", "title": "vigilantes violence and the politics of public order in kenya", "label": [ "94625758", "2780495726", "59742305", "187651312", "27219730", "2779066997" ], "author": [ "2172154259" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article examines recent violence in nairobi in the context of increased vigilante activity throughout kenya and relates this to the broader political context of violence in the run up to the next general election which is expected to take place before the end of 2002 the starting point for the analysis is the conflict between two rival vigilante groups in nairobi s kariobangi north estate mungiki and the taliban it is argued that existing scholarly interpretations of mungiki need to be reassessed in view of recent violent and criminal activities linked to the movement and in light of the shifting political position of its leaders and the ethnocentric posture they have adopted the increasing prevalence of vigilante groups in the city is shown to be partly a reflection of growing criminal activities especially extortion and partly the consequence of struggles for political control in the city where the ruling party kanu has only slender support the new vigilantes of nairobi exploit urban insecurity for materialist gain but they have also merged with the majeshi la wazee armies of the elders that have long been deployed to protect the interests of their political clients in this context heightening urban violence is seen to be both criminal and political in character and it is argued that it is likely that vigilante groups will again be used as political instruments in the electoral struggle for the city on the night of sunday 3 march 2002 a marauding gang of between 200 and 300 men and youths terrorized the residents in a quarter of nairobi s kariobangi north estate rampaging through the busy streets and alleyways adjacent to the market area and main bus junction armed with an assortment of pangas swords iron bars and knives the gangs violently assaulted local residents and passers by the carnage was gruesome by the morning 20 residents of kariobangi were confirmed dead and a further 31 had been admitted to hospital with serious wounds kenyan newspapers carried chilling pictures of the dead and injured during the next week and television and radio news reports were filled with the tearful anguished testimonies of the bereaved the unexpected random horror of the attack had stunned nairobi s citizens as witness accounts began to circulate and were picked up in the press it was evident that the violence had been well planned ruthlessly carried through and premeditated in its david m anderson is university lecturer in african studies university of oxford and a research fellow of st antony s college oxford", "title_raw": "Vigilantes, violence and the politics of public order in Kenya", "abstract_raw": "This article examines recent violence in Nairobi in the context of increased vigilante activity throughout Kenya, and relates this to the broader political context of violence in the run-up to the next general election, which is expected to take place before the end of 2002. The starting point for the analysis is the conflict between two rival vigilante groups in Nairobi's Kariobangi North estate, Mungiki and the Taliban. It is argued that existing scholarly interpretations of Mungiki need to be reassessed in view of recent violent and criminal activities linked to the movement, and in light of the shifting political position of its leaders and the ethnocentric posture they have adopted. The increasing prevalence of vigilante groups in the city is shown to be partly a reflection of.growing criminal activities, especially extortion, and partly the consequence of struggles for political control in the city, where the ruling party KANU has only slender support. The 'New Vigilantes' of Nairobi exploit urban insecurity for materialist gain, but they have also merged with the Majeshi la Wazee ('Armies of the Elders') that have long been deployed to 'protect' the interests of their political clients. In this context, heightening urban violence is seen to be both criminal and political in character, and it is argued that it is likely that vigilante groups will again be used as political instruments in the electoral struggle for the city. ON THE NIGHT OF SUNDAY 3 MARCH 2002, a marauding gang of between 200 and 300 men and youths terrorized the residents in a quarter of Nairobi's Kariobangi North estate. Rampaging through the busy streets and alleyways adjacent to the market area and main bus junction, armed with an assortment of pangas, swords, iron bars and knives, the gangs violently assaulted local residents and passers-by. The carnage was gruesome. By the morning, 20 residents of Kariobangi were confirmed dead, and a further 31 had been admitted to hospital with serious wounds. Kenyan newspapers carried chilling pictures of the dead and injured during the next week, and television and radio news reports were filled with the tearful, anguished testimonies of the bereaved. The unexpected, random horror of the attack had stunned Nairobi's citizens. As witness accounts began to circulate and were picked up in the press, it was evident that the violence had been well planned, ruthlessly carried through and premeditated in its David M. Anderson is University Lecturer in African Studies, University of Oxford, and a Research Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford." }, { "paper": "2900228683", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2002", "title": "karen offen european feminisms 1700 1950 a political history stanford stanford university press 2000 pp xxviii 554 cloth 60 00 paper 19 95", "label": [ "152192407" ], "author": [ "2137771930" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Karen Offen. European Feminisms 1700\u20131950: A Political History. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 2000. Pp. xxviii, 554. Cloth $60.00, paper $19.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "148441287", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2002", "title": "toward a new deal for copyright in an information age", "label": [ "2777582869", "2780672046", "2776254780", "199539241", "2776732289" ], "author": [ "1657786716" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Toward a \"New Deal\" for copyright in an Information Age", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2000914925", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2002", "title": "market reforms and regional differentiation of russian defence industry enterprises", "label": [ "148834064", "30455989", "203133693", "45237549" ], "author": [ "2114650228", "2005832824", "1974515094", "2312347675" ], "reference": [ "595757410", "1528131703", "1992949954", "2002303009", "2019614392", "2037237616", "2045261964", "2047718172", "2050772358", "2052413373", "2062648706", "2064608977", "2083324337", "2331810274" ], "abstract": "in the course of the 1990s the russian defence industry was hit by the triple shock of severe budget cuts radical market reforms and the breakdown of traditional economic ties with partners in the other former soviet republics while the shock of transition has taken its toll by the second part of the decade the defence industry was engaged in the process of adaptation to the market and bottom up restructuring at the same time the change in the macroeconomic situation brought about by the financial crisis of 1998 has helped to reverse the decline of the russian defence industry the deep devaluation of the ruble increased the competitiveness of russian military exports along with the civilian products of the defence industry sold on the domestic market and created conditions for its possible revival the major change in the international situation brought about by the terrorist attacks in the us and the war in afghanistan in 2001 02 has given an additional impetus to the development of the russian defence industry in view of the current situation it is reasonable to expect that in the near future the industry will be receiving more attention and support from the russian government than at any time in the past decade this article analyses new developments in the transformation of the russian defence industrial complex and focuses on the differences in results of defence enterprises adjustment to the market across russian regions in conducting this analysis our main goal was to answer the following questions 1 to what extent have russian defence enterprises benefited from the general economic recovery in russia since the 1998 financial crisis 2 what are the main differences in the economic and social situation of defence enterprises based in different regions and 3 what explains the better economic performance of defence enterprises in the centre defined here as the city of moscow the moscow region and the city of st petersburg than in the provinces regional differences in the performance of defence enterprises were one of the traditionally under researched areas of studies of the soviet and later russian military industrial complex prior to the break up of the ussr the main obstacle to such investigations was secrecy later with partial privatisation of the defence sector", "title_raw": "Market reforms and regional differentiation of Russian defence industry enterprises", "abstract_raw": "IN THE COURSE OF THE 1990S the Russian defence industry was hit by the triple shock of severe budget cuts, radical market reforms and the breakdown of traditional economic ties with partners in the other former Soviet republics. While the shock of transition has taken its toll, by the second part of the decade the defence industry was engaged in the process of adaptation to the market and 'bottom-up' restructuring. At the same time, the change in the macroeconomic situation brought about by the financial crisis of 1998 has helped to reverse the decline of the Russian defence industry. The deep devaluation of the ruble increased the competitiveness of Russian military exports along with the civilian products of the defence industry sold on the domestic market and created conditions for its possible revival. The major change in the international situation brought about by the terrorist attacks in the US and the war in Afghanistan in 2001-02 has given an additional impetus to the development of the Russian defence industry. In view of the current situation, it is reasonable to expect that in the near future the industry will be receiving more attention and support from the Russian government than at any time in the past decade. This article analyses new developments in the transformation of the Russian defence industrial complex and focuses on the differences in results of defence enterprises' adjustment to the market across Russian regions. In conducting this analysis our main goal was to answer the following questions: (1) to what extent have Russian defence enterprises benefited from the general economic recovery in Russia since the 1998 financial crisis? (2) what are the main differences in the economic and social situation of defence enterprises based in different regions? and (3) what explains the better economic performance of defence enterprises in 'the centre', defined here as the city of Moscow, the Moscow region and the city of St Petersburg, than in the provinces? Regional differences in the performance of defence enterprises were one of the traditionally under-researched areas of studies of the Soviet and later Russian military-industrial complex.' Prior to the break-up of the USSR the main obstacle to such investigations was secrecy. Later, with partial privatisation of the defence sector" }, { "paper": "2013739493", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2002", "title": "recasting the proliferation optimism pessimism debate", "label": [ "79165680" ], "author": [ "2714340613" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "2002 recasting the proliferation optimism pessimism debate security studies vol 12 no 1 pp 41 96", "title_raw": "Recasting the proliferation optimism-pessimism debate", "abstract_raw": "(2002). Recasting the proliferation optimism-pessimism debate. Security Studies: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 41-96." }, { "paper": "177382244", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2002", "title": "india s fine balance", "label": [ "2779808665", "94625758", "203133693", "510578393", "2775884135", "2780668109", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2673670841" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the post 9 11 agenda when september 11 came india responded rapidly and deci sively on learning of the terrorist attacks on the united states prime minister atal behari vajpayee convened his key advisers and they quickly decided that india would offer its full support for the u s war on terrorism their decision was driven in part by india s own problems with ter rorism for a decade pakistan s inter services intelligence directorate isi had been orchestrating a nasty proxy war against india in kashmir although the insurgency there was rooted in kashmiri opposition to indian rule the isi helped militant groups train equip and movejihadis or freedom fighters across the line of control which separates indianand pakistani held kashmir in joining with washington new delhi hoped to transform this latest and bloodiest chapter of 50 years of indo pakistani conflict into part of the global war against terrorism with pakistan s isi cast in the role of al qaeda and india as the victim seizing an opportunity to outmaneuver pakistan while improving india s relationship with the united states however is not the only item on vajpayee s post g hl agenda he and his government must also handle domestic political crises and deadly communal violence while recharging india s faltering economy failure to balance these various challenges could risk the government s electoral mandate and slow india s rise to great power status", "title_raw": "India's Fine Balance", "abstract_raw": "THE POST-9/11 AGENDA WHEN SEPTEMBER 11 CAME, India responded rapidly and deci sively. On learning of the terrorist attacks on the United States, Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee convened his key advisers and they quickly decided that India would offer its full support for the U.S. war on terrorism. Their decision was driven in part by India's own problems with ter rorism. For a decade, Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (isi) had been orchestrating a nasty proxy war against India in Kashmir. Although the insurgency there was rooted in Kashmiri opposition to Indian rule, the isi helped militant groups train, equip, and movejihadis, or \"freedom fighters,\" across the Line of Control, which separates Indianand Pakistani-held Kashmir. In joining with Washington, New Delhi hoped to transform this latest and bloodiest chapter of 50 years of Indo-Pakistani conflict into part of the global war against terrorism-with Pakistan's isi cast in the role of al Qaeda and India as the victim. Seizing an opportunity to outmaneuver Pakistan while improving India's relationship with the United States, however, is not the only item on Vajpayee's post-g/hl agenda. He and his government must also handle domestic political crises and deadly communal violence while recharging India's faltering economy. Failure to balance these various challenges could risk the government's electoral mandate and slow India's rise to great-power status." }, { "paper": "2013479193", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2002", "title": "wildlife co management in the benoue national park complex cameroon a bumpy road to institutional development", "label": [ "513891491", "2780608745", "2777351106" ], "author": [ "1994610515" ], "reference": [ "7281596", "12722482", "243653599", "253480867", "268767541", "287075956", "748226396", "1452491942", "1486174845", "1580947406", "1594940698", "1968035803", "1971408302", "1971499219", "1999481540", "2005664974", "2043588050", "2064938415", "2068250211", "2076510353", "2085917429", "2134696755", "2143286669", "2175723801", "2372888557", "2762536986" ], "abstract": "abstract the ongoing efforts to set up wildlife co management in northern cameroon are investigated to this end a situation analysis of legal social economic and organizational factors was performed it thus appeared that participatory management has been slow to institutionalize due to inadequate legislation poor planning and insufficient policy formulation building on the results suggestions are made with reference to the ecosystem approach it is argued that wildlife collaborative management should be a triadic convention involving state agencies the private enterprise professional hunters and the civil society community of local users and facilitating nongovernmental organizations in the sharing of roles and benefits", "title_raw": "Wildlife Co-Management in the B\u00e9nou\u00e9 National Park-Complex, Cameroon: A Bumpy Road to Institutional Development", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The ongoing efforts to set up wildlife co-management in Northern Cameroon are investigated. To this end, a situation analysis of legal, social, economic, and organizational factors was performed. It thus appeared that participatory management has been slow to institutionalize due to inadequate legislation, poor planning, and insufficient policy formulation. Building on the results, suggestions are made with reference to the ecosystem approach. It is argued that wildlife collaborative management should be a triadic convention involving state agencies, the private enterprise (professional hunters), and the civil society (community of local users and facilitating nongovernmental organizations) in the sharing of roles and benefits." }, { "paper": "2002775863", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2002", "title": "clans pacts and politics in central asia", "label": [ "94625758", "52826635" ], "author": [ "2241903570" ], "reference": [ "637014758", "1497398916", "1509383136", "1963692952", "1965217193", "1968655603", "1972280344", "2054750653", "2083199161", "2140971366", "2146610941", "2167155027", "2332700262", "3121147769" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Clans, Pacts, and Politics in Central Asia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1997073003", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2002", "title": "reviews of books the persistence of victorian liberalism the politics of social reform in britain 1879 1900 robert f haggard", "label": [ "3116431", "547727832", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2764829963" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reviews of Books:The Persistence of Victorian Liberalism: The Politics of Social Reform in Britain, 1879-1900 Robert F. Haggard", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "101011575", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2002", "title": "reorganization as a substitute for reform the abolition of the ins", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2096421655" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reorganization as a Substitute for Reform: The Abolition of the INS", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2050713729", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "constitutional self government by christopher l eisgruber cambridge ma harvard university press 2001 260p 45 00", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2679560723" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Constitutional Self Government. By Christopher L. Eisgruber. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001. 260p. $45.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2574693961", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2002", "title": "review africa federalism and ethnic conflict in nigeria ethnicity and sub nationalism in nigeriafederalism and ethnic conflict in nigeriasuberurotimiwashington dc united states institute of peace press 2001 xxvi 247pp 14 95 isbn 1 929223 28 5ethnicity and sub nationalism in nigeriavickersmichaeloxford worldview 2000 xviii 410pp 49 95 cloth isbn 1 872142 43 5 29 95 paper isbn 1 872142 44 3", "label": [ "521449643", "137403100", "533735693", "2777593458" ], "author": [ "2664234290" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review: Africa: Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria, Ethnicity and Sub-Nationalism in NigeriaFEDERALISM AND ETHNIC CONFLICT IN NIGERIASuberuRotimiWashington DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2001, xxvi, 247pp, $14.95, ISBN 1-929223-28-5ETHNICITY AND SUB-NATIONALISM IN NIGERIAVickersMichaelOxford: WorldView, 2000, xviii, 410pp, \u00a349.95 cloth (ISBN 1-872142-43-5), \u00a329.95 paper (ISBN 1-872142-44-3)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "748362816", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2002", "title": "justice frank murphy and american labor law", "label": [ "199539241", "2778272461", "139621336", "10144844" ], "author": [ "2146180054", "2712780485" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "working people and disfavored groups were central concerns of frank murphy the last michigan law school graduate to sit on the united states supreme court in the pages of this review just over a half century ago archibald cox wrote of him it was natural that his judicial work should be most significant in these two fields labor law and civil rights and especially in the areas where they coalesce 1 in this essay after a brief overview of murphy the man his days at the university of michigan and his career prior to the court appointment i shall review some of the major labor and employment decisions analyzed by professor cox and assess their continuing impact on american law", "title_raw": "Justice Frank Murphy and American Labor Law", "abstract_raw": "Working people and disfavored groups were central concerns of Frank Murphy, the last Michigan Law School graduate to sit on the United States Supreme Court. In the pages of this Review, just over a half century ago, Archibald Cox wrote of him: \"It was natural... that his judicial work should be most significant in these two fields [labor law and civil rights] and especially in the areas where they coalesce.\"1 In this Essay, after a brief overview of Murphy the man, his days at the University of Michigan, and his career prior to the Court appointment, I shall review some of the major labor and employment decisions analyzed by Professor Cox and assess their continuing impact on American law." }, { "paper": "1717237806", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2002", "title": "the relationship between international editorial board composition and citation measures in political science business and genetics journals", "label": [ "105345328", "2778805511", "2779455604" ], "author": [ "2705731353" ], "reference": [ "1574962662", "1990668360", "2024356235", "2030552375", "2031276820", "2044742826", "2057778591", "2064700877", "2073910474", "2094193531" ], "abstract": "three measures of international composition on journal editorial boards the number of countries represented on the board the number of international members and the proportion of international board members were correlated with impact factor and total citation data in the 1999 journal citation reportsfor 153 business political science and genetics journals with a few exceptions the relationship between international editorial board composition and citation measures was non linear leading to the conclusion that international membership on the editorial board can not generally be used as a marker of better journal quality yet further investigation is warranted due to positive correlations between some editorial board and citation measures for non u s business and political science journals", "title_raw": "The relationship between international editorial board composition and citation measures in political science, business, and genetics journals", "abstract_raw": "Three measures of international composition on journal editorial boards - the number of countries represented on the board, the number of international members, and the proportion of international board members - were correlated with impact factor and total citation data in the 1999 Journal Citation Reportsfor 153 business, political science, and genetics journals. With a few exceptions the relationship between international editorial board composition and citation measures was non-linear, leading to the conclusion that international membership on the editorial board can not generally be used as a marker of better journal quality. Yet further investigation is warranted due to positive correlations between some editorial board and citation measures for non-U.S. business and political science journals." }, { "paper": "2169067843", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "social democracy and welfare capitalism a century of income security politics by alexander hicks ithaca ny cornell university press 1999 256p 45 00 cloth 18 95 paper", "label": [ "555826173", "196013401", "94625758", "100243477", "109986646", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2254856428" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "alexander hicks has written one of the most important works in the past thirty years on the development of income security policies in democratic capitalist states hicks equates income security policies with welfare states a point i will revisit later if this were not sufficient the book also is the most significant comparative public policy study i have read based on years of reflection scholarship and teaching it covers not merely cites a wide range of literatures it is extremely sensitive to particular historical experiences it is theoretically informed most impressively it is methodologically sophisticated and imaginative and the book is concise and well written in short it is a model of what exciting comparative research can be", "title_raw": "Social Democracy and Welfare Capitalism: A Century of Income Security Politics. By Alexander Hicks. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999. 256p. $45.00 cloth, $18.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "Alexander Hicks has written one of the most important works in the past thirty years on the development of income security policies in democratic capitalist states. (Hicks equates income security policies with \u201cwelfare states\u201d\u2014a point I will revisit later.) If this were not sufficient, the book also is the most significant comparative public policy study I have read. Based on years of reflection, scholarship and teaching, it covers, not merely cites, a wide range of literatures. It is extremely sensitive to particular historical experiences. It is theoretically informed. Most impressively, it is methodologically sophisticated and imaginative. And the book is concise and well\u2013written. In short, it is a model of what exciting comparative research can be." }, { "paper": "2803054653", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2002", "title": "brown footnote eleven in historical context social science and the supreme court s quest for legitimacy", "label": [ "46295352", "2778272461", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2799788600" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Brown Footnote Eleven in Historical Context: Social Science and the Supreme Court's Quest for Legitimacy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1977346936", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "canadian prohibition against immigrants with disabilities is challenged", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "135719026" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Canadian prohibition against immigrants with disabilities is challenged", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2053364481", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2002", "title": "the european union s democratic conditionality and domestic politics in slovakia the me iar and dzurinda governments compared", "label": [ "2779423641", "555826173", "2781205572", "2776427498", "2776398460", "2778159086" ], "author": [ "626606835" ], "reference": [ "1518787637", "2049422431", "2562245948" ], "abstract": "the process of monitoring candidate countries for eu membership has in the past decade become much stricter than ever before compared with previous enlargements in terms not only of the scope but also the specificity of conditionality demands this is evident with respect to both economic and political conditions but it is the latter which is particularly visible and which has a wider significance for european integration for the eu has moved resolutely down the path of high as well as low politics and thereby into areas traditionally regarded as internal to states this is demonstrated most recently by the debate and also controversy over a formal commitment on human rights it is also clear that the eu has moved beyond conditions of formal democracy to those pertaining to substantive democracy or qualitative conditions such as the role of political parties and political participation the independence of the media and an active civil society as well as human and minority rights while there has been a general growth of conditionality on the part of international organisations ios in the 1990s the eu has been at the forefront in pushing both the political and economic versions of this some other ios have been advocates of particular aspects of substantive democracy like the council of europe coe over human rights and the organisation for security and cooperation in europe osce over minority rights as well as fair and free elections while others like nato have remained committed to more formal requirements in its case civilian control over the military and the existence of a constitutional state the eu however has developed an ever more extensive portfolio of conditionality demands and increasingly so in recent years it has elaborated on and added to the original copenhagen criteria set out in 1993 2 the reasons for this trend are several the end of the cold war and hence of the predominance of security concerns over democracy promotion the eu s own political dynamic in a federalising direction and in particular the awareness in brussels of the various problems of accommodating so many still unconsolidated new democracies from central and eastern europe cee with their communist legacies", "title_raw": "The European Union's Democratic Conditionality and Domestic Politics in Slovakia: The Me ) iar and Dzurinda Governments Compared", "abstract_raw": "THE PROCESS OF MONITORING CANDIDATE COUNTRIES for EU membership has in the past decade become much stricter than ever before, compared with previous enlargements, in terms not only of the scope but also the specificity of conditionality demands. This is evident with respect to both economic and political conditions, but it is the latter which is particularly visible and which has a wider significance for European integration. For the EU has moved resolutely down the path of high as well as low politics and, thereby, into areas traditionally regarded as internal to states. This is demonstrated most recently by the debate, and also controversy, over a formal commitment on human rights. It is also clear that the EU has moved beyond conditions of formal democracy to those pertaining to substantive democracy or qualitative conditions such as the role of political parties and political participation, the independence of the media and an active civil society as well as human and minority rights.' While there has been a general growth of conditionality on the part of international organisations (IOs) in the 1990s, the EU has been at the forefront in pushing both the political and economic versions of this. Some other IOs have been advocates of particular aspects of substantive democracy, like the Council of Europe (COE) over human rights and the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) over minority rights as well as fair and free elections, while others, like NATO, have remained committed to more formal requirements (in its case, civilian control over the military and the existence of a constitutional state). The EU, however, has developed an ever more extensive portfolio of conditionality demands and increasingly so in recent years. It has elaborated on and added to the original Copenhagen criteria set out in 1993.2 The reasons for this trend are several-the end of the Cold War and hence of the predominance of security concerns over democracy promotion; the EU's own political dynamic in a federalising direction; and, in particular, the awareness in Brussels of the various problems of accommodating so many still unconsolidated new democracies from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) with their communist legacies." }, { "paper": "1716917875", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2002", "title": "significant mexican research in the health sciences a bibliometric analysis", "label": [ "107645774", "2780224610" ], "author": [ "2144119224", "141527672", "2494995239" ], "reference": [ "17751427", "1983617366", "2006651691", "2008069660", "2031351050", "2038083099", "2043137667", "2063533412", "2072527534", "2151395351", "2164975978", "2412665694", "2460243382", "2464735685", "2481530296" ], "abstract": "in the 1970s mexico started to consolidate its s t system by training human resources and actively preventing brain drain mainly by motivating researchers through economic incentives considering bradford s law an analysis of significant mexican research in the health sciences i e papers published in journals with a high impact factor which grant a degree of credibility and importance was carried out significant papers produced in mexico show a measure of the country s productivity and these papers citations measure the country s international impact", "title_raw": "Significant Mexican research in the health sciences: A bibliometric analysis", "abstract_raw": "In the 1970s Mexico started to consolidate its S&T system by training human resources and actively preventing brain drain, mainly by motivating researchers through economic incentives. Considering Bradford\"s Law, an analysis of significant Mexican research in the health sciences, i.e., papers published in journals with a high-impact factor which grant a degree of credibility and importance was carried out. Significant papers produced in Mexico show a measure of the country\"s productivity, and these papers\" citations measure the country\"s international impact." }, { "paper": "1522320330", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2002", "title": "corporate governance in south africa", "label": [ "201305675", "3116431", "119232533", "523056402" ], "author": [ "2478537834", "2597722698", "2601191431" ], "reference": [ "1594722578", "1973059693", "2145176579", "2495117600", "3124307140" ], "abstract": "the king report on corporate governance 1994 evoked unprecedented interest in corporate governance in south africa this does not mean that corporate governance was not an issue of concern before the release of this historical report to the contrary corporate governance in its broader sense has been at stake since the inception of the first publicly owned companies in south africa this article intends to give an overview of corporate governance in south africa it starts by making a distinction between broad and narrow conceptions of corporate governance before applying this distinction to the practice of corporate governance in south africa a brief overview of the corporate landscape in south africa is provided then the south african situation with regard to broad and narrow corporate governance respectively is analysed the article ends with a discussion of the review of corporate governance that currently is in the making in south africa throughout the article both the financial and ethical dimensions of corporate governance is attended to", "title_raw": "Corporate Governance in South Africa", "abstract_raw": "The King Report on Corporate Governance (1994) evoked unprecedented interest in corporate governance in South Africa. This does not mean that corporate governance was not an issue of concern before the release of this historical report. To the contrary, corporate governance in its broader sense has been at stake since the inception of the first publicly owned companies in South Africa. This article intends to give an overview of corporate governance in South Africa. It starts by making a distinction between broad and narrow conceptions of corporate governance. Before applying this distinction to the practice of corporate governance in South Africa, a brief overview of the corporate landscape in South Africa is provided. Then the South African situation with regard to broad and narrow corporate governance respectively is analysed. The article ends with a discussion of the review of corporate governance that currently is in the making in South Africa. Throughout the article both the financial and ethical dimensions of corporate governance is attended to." }, { "paper": "2080512601", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2002", "title": "the wto as linkage machine", "label": [ "55447825", "34355311", "2776398702", "68151297", "2780423727" ], "author": [ "2101225080" ], "reference": [ "23446619", "89581126", "196112870", "641773454", "1481127657", "1487946112", "1495593927", "1495886451", "1587415987", "1601783340", "1986006934", "1987844342", "2003573179", "2027748783", "2030796074", "2031453128", "2050193581", "2057071149", "2057688108", "2058047543", "2067540598", "2071407255", "2072056263", "2077954804", "2088431685", "2088901591", "2099425277", "2100666645", "2102827369", "2111786487", "2118449256", "2123919043", "2123947423", "2142889348", "2144204119", "2145854197", "2153031274", "2157253041", "2163833037", "2164095277", "2164304100", "2313890631", "2504694668", "2554612672", "2750088329", "2765273299", "2795568359", "3121138247", "3121652086", "3121741204", "3122697665", "3123801280", "3123974885", "3124467954", "3124694287", "3124949339", "3125289194", "3125360370", "3125912874", "3126012089", "3150011024" ], "abstract": "the contributors to this symposium both principal authors and commentators ably demonstrate that there are indeed overarching constructs linking the subdisciplines of international law all of the writers here assume that linkage issues arise for the world trade organization as they have with respect to a number of other intergovernmental organizations precisely because centralized quasi autonomous institutions may be relatively effective vehicles for the promotion of interstate cooperation between rational egoistic state actors 2 all of them assume as scholars of international relations and economists have long recognized that many international regimes are linkage machines by their very nature it is important to recall why this is so in order to consider when or how an organization s attempts at linkage may fail international regimes promote cooperation by promoting iteration reducing transaction costs establishing self enforcing behavior recognizing property rights increasing access to information monitoring behavior mediating disputes and at least in the case of the wto authorizing or imposing sanctions 3 the principal tool used is the negotiation continuing interpretation and enforcement of multilateral treaties under organizational auspices because they are based on a common understanding of pacta sunt servanda backed by ageless principles of honor and the sanctity of contracts 4 treaties are both the products and the instruments of iteration and issue linkage as such they enable parties to escape perennial prisoners dilemmas by replacing short term calculations of interest with long term strategic analysis and mutual reliance on long term reputation encouraging the use of both specific tit for tat reciprocity and more diffuse forms of reciprocity reducing transactions costs and uncertainty imposing sunk costs that promote self enforcing behavior and establishing property rights even if only the property right to standard international legal remedies in case of treaty breach under principles of state responsibility 5 from this perspective the wto s success in linking a regime that initially focused on achieving reciprocal tariff reductions on trade in goods to one that at least to date has encompassed with some success intellectual property services aspects of investment and government procurement is easy to explain successive gatt rounds preceded by ongoing contacts among members in a variety of committees and working groups achieved the benefits of iterated discourse once institutionalized trade became a form of repeated play rather than a single play prisoners dilemma even prior to its full institutionalization as the", "title_raw": "The WTO as Linkage Machine", "abstract_raw": "The contributors to this symposium, both principal authors and commentators, ably demonstrate that there are indeed \"overarching constructs\" linking the subdisciplines of international law.' All of the writers here assume that linkage issues arise for the World Trade Organization, as they have with respect to a number of other intergovernmental organizations, precisely because centralized, quasi-autonomous institutions may be relatively effective vehicles for the promotion of interstate cooperation between rational, egoistic state actors.2 All of them assume, as scholars of international relations and economists have long recognized, that many international regimes are linkage machines by their very nature. It is important to recall why this is so in order to consider when or how an organization's attempts at linkage may fail. International regimes promote cooperation by promoting iteration, reducing transaction costs, establishing self-enforcing behavior, recognizing property rights, increasing access to information, monitoring behavior, mediating disputes, and, at least in the case of the WTO, authorizing or imposing sanctions.3 The principal tool used is the negotiation, continuing interpretation, and enforcement of multilateral treaties under organizational auspices. Because they are based on a common understanding of pacta sunt servanda, backed by ageless principles of honor and the sanctity of contracts,4 treaties are both the products and the instruments of iteration and issue linkage. As such, they enable parties to escape perennial Prisoners' Dilemmas by replacing short-term calculations of interest with long-term strategic analysis and mutual reliance on long-term reputation; encouraging the use of both specific (tit-for-tat) reciprocity and more diffuse forms of reciprocity; reducing transactions costs and uncertainty; imposing \"sunk costs\" that promote self-enforcing behavior; and establishing \"property\" rights (even if only the \"property\" right to standard international legal remedies in case of treaty breach under principles of state responsibility).5 From this perspective, the WTO's success in \"linking\" a regime that initially focused on achieving reciprocal tariff reductions on trade in goods, to one that, at least to date, has encompassed, with some success, intellectual property, services, aspects of investment, and government procurement is easy to explain. Successive GATT rounds, preceded by ongoing contacts among members in a variety of committees and working groups, achieved the benefits of iterated discourse. Once institutionalized, trade became a form of repeated play rather than a single-play Prisoners' Dilemma. Even prior to its full institutionalization as the" }, { "paper": "2601089920", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2002", "title": "business ethics and development in conflict zones the case of talisman oil", "label": [ "555826173", "39549134", "2778348171", "119232533", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2761687123" ], "reference": [ "13366561", "61680777", "124022904", "155305197", "567595028", "621810743", "631682840", "968311445", "1515564019", "1522588346", "1527273462", "1530957179", "1535803599", "1548838799", "1600835709", "2089087592", "2125028107", "2138572220", "2169429209", "2527527549", "2626899218", "2992176321" ], "abstract": "in recent years global corporations especially in the oil and mining sectors have been speaking the language of development while corporations are increasingly being imputed a major development role by multilateral organizations this remains a controversial topic even more controversial is the question of whether corporations make a meaningful contribution to development in conflict situations or the absence of democratic government some firms however such as talisman oil do try to justify their operating in conflict zones such as sudan on this very basis this paper contends that talisman has not contributed to development but rather is a part of the problem the paper also develops a more general argument as to why this situation is not particular to talisman but is likely to hold for any corporation operating under similar circumstances", "title_raw": "Business Ethics and Development in Conflict (Zones): The Case of Talisman Oil", "abstract_raw": "In recent years, global corporations, especially in the oil and mining sectors, have been speaking the language of development. While corporations are increasingly being imputed a major development role by multilateral organizations, this remains a controversial topic. Even more controversial is the question of whether corporations make a meaningful contribution to development in conflict situations or the absence of democratic government. Some firms, however, such as Talisman Oil, do try to justify their operating in conflict zones such as Sudan on this very basis. This paper contends that Talisman has not contributed to development, but rather is a part of the problem. The paper also develops a more general argument as to why this situation is not particular to Talisman, but is likely to hold for any corporation operating under similar circumstances." }, { "paper": "2148798521", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "how political parties can use the courts to advance their agendas federal courts in the united states 1875 1891", "label": [ "2776949292", "3116431", "100270623", "2776051254", "100505606", "94625758", "96640997" ], "author": [ "1986308745" ], "reference": [ "9882351", "411424072", "420059490", "564163200", "567106328", "577058422", "589574032", "622831503", "639288106", "1495071821", "1566127647", "1569025994", "1605174534", "1919343167", "1969356697", "1970218085", "1974405180", "1977448560", "1979038902", "1989390965", "1997316056", "2011232250", "2015890179", "2018041833", "2026870787", "2032120423", "2034602632", "2036457422", "2038524702", "2041783214", "2043206553", "2052115340", "2053040449", "2056358159", "2058551740", "2059507723", "2078969296", "2086838579", "2098234594", "2101583448", "2105643878", "2107815919", "2124072747", "2124651012", "2125328317", "2131329654", "2149604003", "2158324974", "2162868970", "2163236604", "2167316762", "2282583727", "2313526943", "2319588415", "2324500659", "2418640645", "2501458052", "2564752437", "2605889722", "2797946199", "2798194080", "2801424396", "3124579883", "3124707494", "3149022858" ], "abstract": "this case study of late nineteenth century federal courts in the united states sheds light on two seemingly unrelated questions of general interest to political scientists what tools are available to party leaders who seek to institutionalize their policy agendas or insulate those agendas from electoral politics and how do we account for expansions of judicial power using an historical interpretive analysis of partisan agendas party control of national institutions congressional initiatives relating to federal courts the appointment of federal judges judicial decision making and litigation patterns i demonstrate that the increased power jurisdiction and conservatism of federal courts during this period was a by product of republican party efforts to promote and entrench a policy of economic nationalism during a time when that agenda was vulnerable to electoral politics in addition to offering an innovative interpretation of these developments i discuss the implications arising from this case study for our standard accounts of partisan politics political development and the determinants of judicial decision making", "title_raw": "How Political Parties Can Use the Courts to Advance Their Agendas: Federal Courts in the United States, 1875\u20131891", "abstract_raw": "This case study of late-nineteenth century federal courts in the United States sheds light on two seemingly unrelated questions of general interest to political scientists: What tools are available to party leaders who seek to institutionalize their policy agendas or insulate those agendas from electoral politics? and How do we account for expansions of judicial power? Using an historical\u2013interpretive analysis of partisan agendas, party control of national institutions, congressional initiatives relating to federal courts, the appointment of federal judges, judicial decision making, and litigation patterns, I demonstrate that the increased power, jurisdiction, and conservatism of federal courts during this period was a by-product of Republican Party efforts to promote and entrench a policy of economic nationalism during a time when that agenda was vulnerable to electoral politics. In addition to offering an innovative interpretation of these developments, I discuss the implications arising from this case study for our standard accounts of partisan politics, political development, and the determinants of judicial decision making." }, { "paper": "2154396978", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2002", "title": "impact of school voucher research", "label": [ "109986646", "3116431", "2776424047", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2133552913", "2133711491" ], "reference": [ "3124133911" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Impact of School Voucher Research", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1971264355", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2002", "title": "who gets in what s wrong with canada s immigration program and how to fix it", "label": [ "199539241", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2609921524", "2332103351" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Who Gets In: What's Wrong with Canada's Immigration Program - and How to Fix It", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1989805392", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2002", "title": "book review sub saharan africa chris alden mozambique and the construction of the new african state from negotiations to nation building basingstoke palgrave 2001 166 pp 47 50 hbk", "label": [ "32558149", "2776398702", "199776023" ], "author": [ "2005394635" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Sub-Saharan Africa Chris Alden, Mozambique and the Construction of the New African State: From Negotiations to Nation Building (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001, 166 pp., \u00a347.50 hbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1996146536", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "unemployment and government genealogies of the social by william walters cambridge cambridge university press 2000 240p 64 95 cloth 19 95 paper", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2340328424" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Unemployment and Government: Genealogies of the Social By William Walters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 240p. $64.95 cloth, $19.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1990283545", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2002", "title": "cultural relations between china and the member states of the european union", "label": [ "2778375983", "549326192", "2776311744", "557252395", "94625758", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2701472934" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "cultural relations foreign cultural policy and cultural diplomacy are often thought of as synonymous but while cultural relations include foreign policy and diplomacy they in fact go far beyond the scope of purely governmental activities they comprise much more than foreign cultural policy in which culture is used mainly as a tool to promote the interests of one country and frequently reflects the domestic policies of whichever political party happens to be in power cultural relations encompass the mutual influence and exchange of cultures on and between two or more states or nations as well as both private and public initiatives to promote the culture of the individual state or nation and to organize cultural exchanges", "title_raw": "Cultural Relations between China and the Member States of the European Union", "abstract_raw": "Cultural relations, foreign cultural policy and cultural diplomacy are often thought of as synonymous, but while cultural relations include foreign policy and diplomacy, they in fact go far beyond the scope of purely governmental activities. They comprise much more than foreign cultural policy, in which culture is used mainly as a tool to promote the interests of one country and frequently reflects the domestic policies of whichever political party happens to be in power. Cultural relations encompass the mutual influence and exchange of cultures on and between two (or more) states or nations as well as both private and public initiatives to promote the culture of the individual state or nation and to organize cultural exchanges." }, { "paper": "200952421", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2002", "title": "humanitarianism in crisis", "label": [ "2778203169", "186229450", "199539241", "2119116", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2702817561" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the humanitarian world emerged from the 1990s both sad dened and chastened again and again nonprofit and un personnel had been overwhelmed by the magnitude of particular crises as when 2 million people crossed from rwanda into zaire in 1994 or when 8oo ooo kosovar albanians were forcibly deported from the province by serb forces in the spring of 1999 even more unnerving was the sense that often despite the relief groups own best efforts the moral dilemmas attendant on their actions had only grown more acute over the course of the decade even so humanitarians did not give up nongovernmental organizations ngos and un agencies multiplied their efforts to refine their operations in light of the lessons of somalia rwanda bosnia and kosovo still by the beginning of the twenty first century experienced relief workers had come to accept the new conventional wisdom that there are no humanitarian solutions to humanitarian problems from this simple truth however diametrically opposing conclusions can be drawn about what humanitarian action should involve many persistent advocates of humanitarianism including un secretary general kofi annan see it as one of a number of pillars supporting a promising new liberal world order such an order they seem to believe can be constructed to fill the vacuum created by globalization s undermining of the idea of state sovereignty it will also be built on", "title_raw": "Humanitarianism in Crisis", "abstract_raw": "THE HUMANITARIAN WORLD emerged from the 1990S both sad dened and chastened. Again and again nonprofit and UN personnel had been overwhelmed by the magnitude of particular crises-as when 2 million people crossed from Rwanda into Zaire in 1994, or when 8oo,ooo Kosovar Albanians were forcibly deported from the province by Serb forces in the spring of 1999. Even more unnerving was the sense that, often despite the relief groups' own best efforts, the moral dilemmas attendant on their actions had only grown more acute over the course of the decade. Even so, humanitarians did not give up. Nongovernmental organizations (NGos) and UN agencies multiplied their efforts to refine their operations in light of the lessons of Somalia, Rwanda, Bosnia, and Kosovo. Still, by the beginning of the twenty first century, experienced relief workers had come to accept the new conventional wisdom that there are no humanitarian solutions to humanitarian problems. From this simple truth, however, diametrically opposing conclusions can be drawn about what humanitarian action should involve. Many persistent advocates of humanitarianism, including UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, see it as one of a number of \"pillars\" supporting a promising new liberal world order. Such an order, they seem to believe, can be constructed to fill the vacuum created by globalization's undermining of the idea of state sovereignty. It will also be built on" }, { "paper": "2080158590", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2002", "title": "waiting out north korea", "label": [ "76775654" ], "author": [ "2526679574" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Waiting out North Korea", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1647107420", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "the lure of first class science", "label": [ "2777617010", "2780262971", "48798503" ], "author": [ "1817140627" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the tiny city state of singapore is a long way from the scientific mainstream its equatorial climate is no picnic and its reputation as a buttoned up society with draconian law enforcement turns off some researchers yet singapore9s biomedical strategy depends on finding researchers who are willing to relocate there", "title_raw": "The Lure of First-Class Science", "abstract_raw": "The tiny city-state of Singapore is a long way from the scientific mainstream, its equatorial climate is no picnic, and its reputation as a buttoned-up society with draconian law enforcement turns off some researchers. Yet Singapore9s biomedical strategy depends on finding researchers who are willing to relocate there." }, { "paper": "1992568371", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "republicans take control of us congress", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431", "2778584109" ], "author": [ "2461024690" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Republicans take control of US Congress", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2052509084", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2002", "title": "strategic choices and the early bush legislative agenda", "label": [ "3116431", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2139563638" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Strategic Choices and the Early Bush Legislative Agenda", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2079707222", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "the national co ordination of eu policy the domestic level edited by hussein kassim b guy peters and vincent wright oxford oxford university press 2000 269p 72 00", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2624391015" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in recent years scholars of the european union eu have looked increasingly at the impact administrative institutional legal societal of european integration on the member states some of this earlier literature on europeanization viewed the brussels member state relationship in a rather static one way top down dimension for this reason the editors of the national co ordination of eu policy take pains to eschew europeanization as an organizing concept but perhaps the editors doth protest too much the national co ordination of eu policy in fact fits nicely in the current literature on europeanization which views the brussels member state relationship in more dynamic terms indeed the book provides a welcome and valuable addition by examining the domestic coordination processes through which governments arrive at the position that they defend in eu decision making p 235", "title_raw": "The National Co-ordination of EU Policy: The Domestic Level. Edited by Hussein Kassim, B. Guy Peters, and Vincent Wright. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. 269p. $72.00.", "abstract_raw": "In recent years, scholars of the European Union (EU) have looked increasingly at the impact\u2014administrative, institutional, legal, societal\u2014of European integration on the member states. Some of this earlier literature on \u201cEuropeanization\u201d viewed the Brussels\u2013member state relationship in a rather static, one-way, top-down dimension. For this reason, the editors of The National Co-ordination of EU Policy take pains to eschew Europeanization as an organizing concept. But perhaps the editors doth protest too much. The National Co-ordination of EU Policy , in fact, fits nicely in the current literature on Europeanization, which views the Brussels\u2013member state relationship in more dynamic terms. Indeed, the book provides a welcome and valuable addition by examining the domestic coordination processes through which \u201cgovernments arrive at the position that they defend in EU decision making\u201d (p. 235)." }, { "paper": "2129424141", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2002", "title": "the consociational analogy of the european union a rejoinder to crepaz with a comment on kaiser", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "1219205542" ], "reference": [ "2090386616" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Consociational Analogy of the European Union: A Rejoinder to Crepaz with a Comment on Kaiser", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2098317775", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2002", "title": "the transformation and future prospects of europe s defence industry", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "194072396", "2032898294" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "europe s defence industry has evolved by transforming itself from a collection of nationally oriented firms to one dominated by two giants stimuli external and internal to the european union eu are responsible for this development after describing the evolution of this sector since the end of the cold war the authors present four factors that played key roles developments within the united states defence industry the impact of technology and defence economics general economic restructuring within the eu together with nascent defence industrial policy and progress towards the creation of a european security and defence policy while the evolution required all four factors the eu played a critical and under appreciated economic and political role in the changes that have transformed the european defence industry and is now positioned to continue to shape this process", "title_raw": "The transformation and future prospects of Europe\u2019s defence industry", "abstract_raw": "Europe\u2019s defence industry has evolved by transforming itself from a collection of nationally oriented firms to one dominated by two giants. Stimuli external and internal to the European Union (EU) are responsible for this development. After describing the evolution of this sector since the end of the Cold War, the authors present four factors that played key roles: developments within the United States\u2019 defence industry; the impact of technology and defence economics; general economic restructuring within the EU together with nascent defence industrial policy; and progress towards the creation of a European Security and Defence Policy. While the evolution required all four factors, the EU played a critical and under\u2013appreciated economic and political role in the changes that have transformed the European defence industry, and is now positioned to continue to shape this process." }, { "paper": "1967232562", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "european court rejects uk woman s fight for the right to die", "label": [ "199539241", "2781163912" ], "author": [ "2112639148" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "European court rejects UK woman's fight for the right to die", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2020046535", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2002", "title": "agency and ethics the politics of military intervention by anthony f lang jr", "label": [ "65117487", "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2096636529" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Agency and Ethics: The Politics of Military Intervention by Anthony F. Lang, Jr", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2600611425", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2002", "title": "does saudi arabia still matter differing perspectives on the kingdom and its oil", "label": [ "158071213" ], "author": [ "2513762722", "2156674290" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Does Saudi Arabia Still Matter? Differing Perspectives on the Kingdom and Its Oil", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2013791863", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "a south african perspective on 2001", "label": [ "199539241", "197487636", "2776862595", "2778449503", "2779872411", "555826173", "94625758", "126053111", "2776154427" ], "author": [ "2419966712" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "for south africa and hiv aids 2001 was the year of the two court cases in the first 39 members of the pharmaceutical manufacturers association pma challenged the south african government over its medicines and related substances act of 1997 the claim was that sections of the act breached the trade related aspects of intellectual property agreement but faced with unprecedented national and international opposition the pma withdrew their case on 19 april 2001 it seemed that patients would be placed before patents when the pma s case collapsed however so did the united front of government labor nongovernmental organizations and the treatment action campaign tac health minister manto tshabalala msimang indicated that south africa was not planning to implement antiretroviral treatment citing the very argument used by the pma inadequate infrastructure defending the government s practice msimang said it is erroneous to believe that south africa does not give treatment to people with aids 1 1 this intransigence over antiretroviral treatments led directly to the second case filed on 26 november 2001 in which the tac took the government to court over the delay in implementing mother to child transmission prophylaxis the tac called for the government to make nevirapine available throughout the public health sector and not only at 18 pilot sites tac also demanded that the government produce a national treatment plan the government opposed the action but on 14 december judge chris botha of the pretoria high court found in favor of the tac he ruled that state health departments are obliged to make nevirapine available to pregnant women with hiv and to their babies and he also ordered that the state forthwith plan an effective comprehensive national program to prevent or reduce mother to child transmission including the provision of voluntary testing and counseling and formula feed 2 2 within days the government appealed msimang said that the courts were meddling in executive affairs and that this would throw executive policy making into disarray and create confusion about the separation of powers which is a cornerstone of our democracy 3 3 the government has tried to justify their opposition to treatment programs by arguing that resources are scarce costs are prohibitive and further research is needed this last being the motivation behind the testing of nevirapine at 18 pilot sites the day after world aids day 2001 the african national congress anc national executive committee endorsed government s wide ranging strategy to combat hiv aids and insisted that so little is currently known about the longer term effects of nevirapine 4 4 as with the presidential aids panel of may 2000 where the issue of whether hiv causes aids was reopened politics is again meddling in science jerry coovadia a leading pediatrician has said that nothing could be simpler than the nevirapine regimen in mother to child transmission prevention 5 5 yet msimang calls advocates of treatment irresponsible 6 6 presidential spokesperson smuts ngonyama has accused the tac of being in the pockets of the pharmaceutical industry such statements evidence the crisis of truth telling 7 7 that justice edwin cameron has identified as a major impediment to progress against hiv aids in south africa it is chimerical for government spokesperson jo anne collinge to say that south africa s policies are in line with united nations practise 8 8 now to our shame the government is to challenge a ruling based on section 27 of the constitution which guarantees the right of access to health care services including reproductive healthcare services msimang has said it is a crime against humanity for the poor to die because they lack medicines 9 9 yet is it not scandalous that her own people are being denied freely donated nevirapine south africa is party to the commitment of intent that came out of the united nations special session in june 2001 but in december the anc posed the question does an infective agent exist if it does is it a virus 10 10 the real question is how south africa and the concerned international community can rid the country of nonsense that is killing thousands of our people 1 11 government aids drugs still a way off business day 20 april 2001 p 1 2 12 case no 21182 transvaal provincial division judge c botha high court of south africa ruling 14 december 2001 full text of the judgement is available on the tac web site at 3 13 tac news release tac responds to governmnet appeal 19 december 2001 4 14 statement of the anc national executive committee 2 december 2001 available at www anc org za ancdocs pr 2001 pr1202 html 15 5 16 anc still cautious on drugs to safeguard newborns the star 3 december 2001 p 5 6 17 rigorous facts will prove the best antidote to hiv related hysteria sunday times 14 october 2001 p 22 7 18 crisis of truth undermines campaign business day 25 october 2001 p 11 8 19 1 z nkuta sowetan 1 30 november 2001 9 20 cheaper aids drugs must be on trade talks agenda says minister business report 30 october 2001 p 1 10 21 anc hiv aids in south africa challenges obstacles responses briefing document 30 november 2001 available at www anc org za ancdocs anctoday docs aidsbrief htm 22 1 ref 1 2 ref 2 3 ref 3 4 ref 4 5 ref 5 6 ref 6 7 ref 7 8 ref 8 9 ref 9 10 ref 10 11 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 12 xref ref 2 1 view reference 2 in text 13 xref ref 3 1 view reference 3 in text 14 xref ref 4 1 view reference 4 in text 15 http www anc org za ancdocs pr 2001 pr1202 html 16 xref ref 5 1 view reference 5 in text 17 xref ref 6 1 view reference 6 in text 18 xref ref 7 1 view reference 7 in text 19 xref ref 8 1 view reference 8 in text 20 xref ref 9 1 view reference 9 in text 21 xref ref 10 1 view reference 10 in text 22 http www anc org za ancdocs anctoday docs aidsbrief htm", "title_raw": "A South African perspective on 2001.", "abstract_raw": "For South Africa and HIV/AIDS, 2001 was the year of the two court cases. In the first, 39 members of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (PMA) challenged the South African government over its Medicines and Related Substances Act of 1997. The claim was that sections of the Act breached the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property agreement. But faced with unprecedented national and international opposition, the PMA withdrew their case on 19 April 2001. It seemed that patients would be placed before patents.\n\nWhen the PMA's case collapsed, however, so did the united front of government, labor, nongovernmental organizations, and the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC). Health Minister Manto Tshabalala Msimang indicated that South Africa was not planning to implement antiretroviral treatment, citing the very argument used by the PMA: inadequate infrastructure. Defending the government's practice, Msimang said, \u201cit is erroneous to believe that South Africa does not give treatment to people with AIDS\u201d ([1][1]).\n\nThis intransigence over antiretroviral treatments led directly to the second case, filed on 26 November 2001, in which the TAC took the government to court over the delay in implementing mother-to-child transmission prophylaxis. The TAC called for the government to make nevirapine available throughout the public health sector and not only at 18 pilot sites. TAC also demanded that the government produce a national treatment plan.\n\nThe government opposed the action, but on 14 December, Judge Chris Botha of the Pretoria High Court found in favor of the TAC. He ruled that state health departments are \u201cobliged to make nevirapine available to pregnant women with HIV\u2026and to their babies,\u201d and he also ordered that the state \u201cforthwith plan an effective comprehensive national program to prevent or reduce mother to child transmission\u2026including the provision of voluntary testing and counseling\u2026and formula feed\u201d ([2][2]). Within days the government appealed. Msimang said that the courts were meddling in executive affairs and that this would \u201cthrow executive policy making into disarray and create confusion about the separation of powers, which is a cornerstone of our democracy\u201d ([3][3]).\n\nThe government has tried to justify their opposition to treatment programs by arguing that resources are scarce, costs are prohibitive, and further research is needed\u2014this last being the motivation behind the testing of nevirapine at 18 pilot sites. The day after World AIDS Day 2001, the African National Congress (ANC) National Executive Committee \u201cendorsed government's wide-ranging strategy to combat HIV/AIDS\u201d and insisted that \u201cso little is currently known about the longer term effects of [nevirapine]\u201d ([4][4]).\n\nAs with the Presidential AIDS Panel of May 2000, where the issue of whether HIV causes AIDS was reopened, politics is again meddling in science. Jerry Coovadia, a leading pediatrician, has said that \u201cnothing could be simpler\u201d than the nevirapine regimen in mother-to-child transmission prevention ([5][5]), yet Msimang calls advocates of treatment \u201cirresponsible\u201d ([6][6]). Presidential spokesperson Smuts Ngonyama has accused the TAC of being \u201cin the pockets of the pharmaceutical industry.\u201d Such statements evidence the \u201ccrisis of truth-telling\u201d ([7][7]) that Justice Edwin Cameron has identified as a major impediment to progress against HIV/AIDS in South Africa.\n\nIt is chimerical for government spokesperson Jo-Anne Collinge to say that South Africa's policies are \u201cin line with [United Nations] practise\u201d ([8][8]). Now, to our shame, the government is to challenge a ruling based on Section 27 of the constitution, which guarantees the \u201cright of access to health care services, including reproductive healthcare services.\u201d Msimang has said it is a \u201ccrime against humanity\u201d for the poor to die because they lack medicines ([9][9]); yet, is it not scandalous that her own people are being denied freely donated nevirapine? South Africa is party to the Commitment of Intent that came out of the United Nations special session in June 2001; but in December the ANC posed the question, \u201cDoes an infective agent exist? If it does, is it a virus?\u201d ([10][10]).\n\nThe real question is how South Africa and the concerned international community can rid the country of nonsense that is killing thousands of our people.\n\n1. [\u21b5][11]\u201cGovernment AIDS drugs still a way off,\u201d Business Day, 20 April 2001, p. 1.\n \n\n2. [\u21b5][12]Case no. 21182, Transvaal Provincial Division, Judge C. Botha, High Court of South Africa, ruling 14 December 2001. Full text of the judgement is available on the TAC Web site, at .\n \n\n3. [\u21b5][13]TAC news release, \u201cTAC responds to governmnet appeal,\u201d 19 December 2001.\n \n\n4. [\u21b5][14]Statement of the ANC National Executive Committee, 2 December 2001. Available at [www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/pr/2001/pr1202.html][15].\n \n\n5. [\u21b5][16]\u201cANC still cautious on drugs to safeguard newborns,\u201d The Star, 3 December 2001, p. 5.\n \n\n6. [\u21b5][17]\u201cRigorous facts will prove the best antidote to HIV-related hysteria,\u201d Sunday Times, 14 October 2001, p. 22.\n \n\n7. [\u21b5][18]\u201c\u2018Crisis of truth\u2019 undermines campaign,\u201d Business Day, 25 October 2001, p. 11.\n \n\n8. [\u21b5][19]1. Z. Nkuta\n , Sowetan 1 (30 November 2001).\n \n\n9. [\u21b5][20]\u201cCheaper AIDS drugs must be on trade talks agenda, says minister,\u201d Business Report, 30 October 2001, p. 1.\n \n\n10. [\u21b5][21]ANC, \u201cHIV/AIDS in South Africa: challenges, obstacles, responses,\u201d briefing document, 30 November. 2001, Available at [www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/docs/aidsbrief.htm][22].\n\n [1]: #ref-1\n [2]: #ref-2\n [3]: #ref-3\n [4]: #ref-4\n [5]: #ref-5\n [6]: #ref-6\n [7]: #ref-7\n [8]: #ref-8\n [9]: #ref-9\n [10]: #ref-10\n [11]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1 in text\"\n [12]: #xref-ref-2-1 \"View reference 2 in text\"\n [13]: #xref-ref-3-1 \"View reference 3 in text\"\n [14]: #xref-ref-4-1 \"View reference 4 in text\"\n [15]: http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/pr/2001/pr1202.html\n [16]: #xref-ref-5-1 \"View reference 5 in text\"\n [17]: #xref-ref-6-1 \"View reference 6 in text\"\n [18]: #xref-ref-7-1 \"View reference 7 in text\"\n [19]: #xref-ref-8-1 \"View reference 8 in text\"\n [20]: #xref-ref-9-1 \"View reference 9 in text\"\n [21]: #xref-ref-10-1 \"View reference 10 in text\"\n [22]: http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/docs/aidsbrief.htm" }, { "paper": "1973909060", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2002", "title": "modern land claim agreements and northern canadian aboriginal communities", "label": [ "2780208285", "148834064", "53001019", "2777179543" ], "author": [ "2088608381" ], "reference": [ "301075467", "337191009", "1525272597", "1568629211", "2004490637", "2049762447", "2051293932", "2293094055", "2523197566", "2800778935", "3122313510" ], "abstract": "abstract the canadian government s attempt to create a sound economic system within aboriginal communities began more than four decades ago in the mid 1970s the settlement of modern treaties started as a new approach to finding permanent solutions to aboriginal economic and social problems some analysts believe that modern treaties provide a strong foundation for sustainable aboriginal socio economic development others argue that the financial compensations received through the agreements were inadequate to attain a meaningful transformation of aboriginal communities this paper examines the impact of modern treaties on the economic and socio demographic status of aboriginal communities in the northwest territories and northern quebec", "title_raw": "Modern Land Claim Agreements and Northern Canadian Aboriginal Communities", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The Canadian government's attempt to create a sound economic system within Aboriginal communities began more than four decades ago. In the mid-1970s, the settlement of Modern Treaties started as a new approach to finding permanent solutions to Aboriginal economic and social problems. Some analysts believe that Modern Treaties provide a strong foundation for sustainable Aboriginal socio-economic development. Others argue that the financial compensations received through the agreements were inadequate to attain a meaningful transformation of Aboriginal communities. This paper examines the impact of Modern Treaties on the economic and socio-demographic status of Aboriginal communities in the Northwest Territories and Northern Quebec." }, { "paper": "2154049444", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2002", "title": "challenging the mandate of heaven social protest and state power in china by elizabeth j perry armonk m e sharpe 2001 xxxii 343pp 27 95 isbn 0 7665 0445 0", "label": [ "144279594", "2776051254", "2776398702", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2715692499" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Challenging the Mandate of Heaven: Social Protest and State Power in China. By Elizabeth J. Perry. [Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 2001. xxxii+343pp. $27.95. ISBN 0-7665-0445-0.]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "110025806", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2002", "title": "niyonteze v public prosecutor swiss military trial of former rwanda town mayor accused of war crimes for inciting murder of civilians in rwanda", "label": [ "199539241", "195064531" ], "author": [ "2667746805" ], "reference": [ "18976545", "2221431149", "2295734960" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Niyonteze v. Public Prosecutor. Swiss military trial of former Rwanda town mayor accused of war crimes for inciting murder of civilians in Rwanda", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2148341108", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "not whether but when the u s decision to enlarge nato by james m goldgeier washington d c brookings institution press 1999 218p 42 95 cloth 18 95 paper", "label": [ "3116431", "93377909", "2780510313", "94625758", "51575053", "2778431023" ], "author": [ "2098443922" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "james m goldgeier makes a major contribution to the contemporary case study literature concerning american foreign policy formation based on extensive interviews with more than 75 key participants william perry richard holbrooke john shalikashvili leon panetta anthony lake strobe talbott and so forth goldgeier reconstructs a richly detailed account of the policy process that culminated in the decision to expand the nato alliance eastward the study illuminates the complex interplay of political considerations bureaucratic interests and individual preferences and skills even chutzpah that led to the admission of the first tier of new nato member nations in eastern central europe", "title_raw": "Not Whether But When: The U.S. Decision to Enlarge NATO. By James M. Goldgeier. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999. 218p. $42.95 cloth, $18.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "James M. Goldgeier makes a major contribution to the contemporary case study literature concerning American foreign policy formation. Based on extensive interviews with more than 75 key participants (William Perry, Richard Holbrooke, John Shalikashvili, Leon Panetta, Anthony Lake, Strobe Talbott, and so forth), Goldgeier reconstructs a richly detailed account of the policy process that culminated in the decision to expand the NATO alliance eastward. The study illuminates the complex interplay of political considerations, bureaucratic interests, and individual preferences and skills (even chutzpah) that led to the admission of the first tier of new NATO member nations in Eastern/Central Europe." }, { "paper": "3125285837", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2002", "title": "german interests in european monetary integration", "label": [ "2776398702", "93377909", "2776836860" ], "author": [ "1997979609" ], "reference": [ "25318166", "33430200", "585034722", "595354004", "595415974", "616273392", "649874553", "1556965607", "1561558500", "1787229727", "1963557215", "1972349473", "1995017106", "2060433779", "2080060119", "2089530347", "2122108558", "2795435353", "2801402004", "3142767858", "3149476360" ], "abstract": "this article explores the sources of the german govermnent s position on european monetary integration since the first attempt at monetary union i argue that german policy on european monetary integration was until after emu driven by german foreign policy elites perception that integration could be used to achieve their primary geo political goal embedding germany in european institutions to dismantle the security dilemma with its european neighbours particularly with france after the signing of the maastricht treaty this situation was reversed as domestic economic interests and state financial authorities have taken the lead in shaping germany s policy on european monetary integration with foreign policy elites playing a secondary role thus german policy has come to resemble more the policies of other european monetary union member states in that domestic economic concerns have taken precedence over geo political interests in the making of policy on european monetary integration", "title_raw": "German Interests in European Monetary Integration", "abstract_raw": "This article explores the sources of the German govermnent\u2019s position on European monetary integration since the first attempt at monetary union. I argue that German policy on European monetary integration was, until after EMU, driven by German foreign policy elites\u2019 perception that integration could be used to achieve their primary geo-political goal, embedding Germany in European institutions to dismantle the security dilemma with its European neighbours, particularly with France. After the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, this situation was reversed, as domestic economic interests and state financial authorities have taken the lead in shaping Germany\u2019s policy on European monetary integration, with foreign policy elites playing a secondary role. Thus German policy has come to resemble more the policies of other European monetary union member states, in that domestic economic concerns have taken precedence over geo-political interests in the making of policy on European monetary integration." }, { "paper": "1487033194", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2002", "title": "administering the employment relationship the ethics of conflict resolution in relation to justice in the workplace", "label": [ "39549134", "119232533", "21711469", "2775952369" ], "author": [ "2155034952", "1261300320" ], "reference": [ "96925994", "339753408", "385789805", "603928681", "1491464477", "1978143510", "1988027933", "1996658251", "2000416441", "2014174638", "2034288462", "2042775626", "2052124674", "2067094199", "2077526006", "2078835363", "2083962300", "2117659294", "2320071605" ], "abstract": "the purpose of this paper is to provide a historical overview of the ethical concept of organizational due process in relation to contemporary issues in the utilization of company grievance procedures in the rapidly growing nonunion arena another objective of this paper is to appraise the current practices that employers have evolved for resolving issues generated by grievances particularly those of professional white collar employees", "title_raw": "Administering the Employment Relationship: The Ethics of Conflict Resolution in Relation to Justice in the Workplace", "abstract_raw": "The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical overview of the ethical concept of organizational due process in relation to contemporary issues in the utilization of company grievance procedures in the rapidly growing nonunion arena. Another objective of this paper is to appraise the current practices that employers have evolved for resolving issues generated by grievances, particularly those of professional, white collar employees." }, { "paper": "2801322144", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2002", "title": "the nonprofit sector and the new state activism", "label": [ "3116431", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2484335475", "2085620654" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Nonprofit Sector and the New State Activism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2000224114", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2002", "title": "bush plan deepens divide over kyoto protocol", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "98205886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Bush plan deepens divide over Kyoto Protocol", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2111242993", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2002", "title": "new worlds for old the league of nations in the age of electricity", "label": [ "94625758", "2119116", "206836424", "2776211767", "2778682666" ], "author": [ "2780244634" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article examines representations of the league of nations as a creature of early twentieth century modernity in particular it focuses on the propagation of the doctrine of rationalization in that forum from mid 1920s until early 1930s rationalization came to signify not only the scientific organization and control of social development but also world interpenetration in technical industrial cultural and political spheres conjuring images of a globe crisscrossed by streams of electric energy league functionaries and devotees spoke of a bright new dawn industrial flow would meld the minds of men discussions of globalization today have a similar repertoire of arguments and many of the same linguistic items as of rationalization in the inter war period rationalization was held out as the destiny of the world s people promising both harmonious integration and cultural profusion its rapid evaporation from intellectual and public discourse in the face of the crises of the 1930s serves as a warning to those who would weave fantastic tales of globalized tomorrows", "title_raw": "New worlds for old: the League of Nations in the age of electricity", "abstract_raw": "This article examines representations of the League of Nations as a creature of early twentieth century modernity. In particular it focuses on the propagation of the doctrine of rationalization in that forum from mid-1920s until early 1930s. Rationalization came to signify not only the scientific organization and control of social development, but also world interpenetration in technical, industrial, cultural and political spheres. Conjuring images of a globe crisscrossed by streams of electric energy, League functionaries and devotees spoke of a bright new dawn. Industrial flow would meld the \u2018minds of men\u2019. Discussions of globalization today have a similar repertoire of arguments and many of the same linguistic items as of rationalization. In the inter-war period rationalization was held out as the destiny of the world's people, promising both harmonious integration and cultural profusion. Its rapid evaporation from intellectual and public discourse in the face of the crises of the 1930s serves as a warning to those who would weave fantastic tales of globalized tomorrows." }, { "paper": "2083536568", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2002", "title": "the politics of the euro zone stability or breakdown by kenneth dyson", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2467672645" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of the Euro-Zone: Stability or Breakdown? by Kenneth Dyson", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1554566925", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "zerhouni seems headed for nih and new scrap over stem cells", "label": [ "148834064", "2780469804", "2775925287" ], "author": [ "2133102182" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "appointment pendingthe washington rumor mill was humming last week with reports that radiologist elias zerhouni of johns hopkins university school of medicine would be nominated as the next director of the u s national institutes of health although government officials declined to comment publicly as this issue of science went to press leaders of the u s biomedical establishment were taking it as a fait accompli however media reports on the expected nomination also pointed to a potential cloud on the horizon zerhouni s stance on the politically charged issue of using human embryonic stem cells in research", "title_raw": "Zerhouni Seems Headed for NIH, and New Scrap Over Stem Cells", "abstract_raw": "APPOINTMENT PENDINGThe Washington rumor mill was humming last week with reports that radiologist Elias Zerhouni of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine would be nominated as the next director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Although government officials declined to comment publicly as this issue of Science went to press, leaders of the U.S. biomedical establishment were taking it as a fait accompli. However, media reports on the expected nomination also pointed to a potential cloud on the horizon: Zerhouni's stance on the politically charged issue of using human embryonic stem cells in research." }, { "paper": "2591174955", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2002", "title": "the end of class politics class voting in comparative context", "label": [ "520049643", "94625758" ], "author": [ "3181125630" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The end of class politics? Class voting in comparative context", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2047505459", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "biological weapons war crimes and wwi", "label": [ "109511149", "55447825", "101216236", "59411770", "195064531" ], "author": [ "2100713185" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "ambassador thomas graham jr in iis editorial biological weapons and international law 29 march p 2325 1 proposes that saddam hussein could be charged with a war crime for the possession of biological weapons what he does not add is that if this is the only war crime he is charged", "title_raw": "Biological Weapons, War Crimes, and WWI", "abstract_raw": "Ambassador Thomas Graham Jr., in iis editorial \u201cBiological weapons and international law\u201d (29 March, p. [2325][1]), proposes that Saddam Hussein could be charged with a war crime for the possession of biological weapons. What he does not add is that if this is the only war crime he is charged" }, { "paper": "2030114818", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2002", "title": "the united nations compensation commission practical justice not retribution", "label": [ "139621336", "2777930997", "110928126", "199539241", "34355311", "2779908214", "2776446040", "2779084495" ], "author": [ "2511230036", "2344683537" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "over the decade of the united nations compensation commission s work there has been voiced by some a vague sense that the uncc although created to give some justice to those directly injured by iraq s invasion and occupation of kuwait should instead be viewed as a part of the system of international economic sanctions while it is true that any compensatory mechanism may be said to sanction the wrongful actor the uncc is not an economic sanction as that term is understood in international relations and law rather the uncc provides a measure of practical justice to those who suffered damage as a direct result of the crime of aggression in this essay the authors ask when it may be said that that which ostensibly is a compensation procedure partakes more of a scheme of retribution and should be analysed in terms not of the adequacy of compensation to the victims but rather of the extent of the punishment that is indirectly inflicted on the population of the wrongdoing state applying such an analysis it is concluded that the uncc should not be viewed as an economic sanction but rather an institution that has delivered practical justice to millions of victims of iraq s invasion and occupation of kuwait", "title_raw": "The United Nations Compensation Commission: Practical Justice, not Retribution", "abstract_raw": "Over the decade of the United Nations Compensation Commission\u2019s work, there has been voiced by some a vague sense that the UNCC, although created to give some justice to those directly injured by Iraq\u2019s invasion and occupation of Kuwait, should instead be viewed as a part of the system of international economic sanctions. While it is true that any compensatory mechanism may be said to sanction the wrongful actor, the UNCC is not an economic sanction as that term is understood in international relations and law. Rather, the UNCC provides a measure of practical justice to those who suffered damage as a direct result of the crime of aggression. In this essay, the authors ask when it may be said that that which ostensibly is a compensation procedure partakes more of a scheme of retribution, and should be analysed in terms not of the adequacy of compensation to the victims, but rather of the extent of the punishment that is indirectly inflicted on the population of the wrongdoing state. Applying such an analysis, it is concluded that the UNCC should not be viewed as an economic sanction, but rather an institution that has delivered practical justice to millions of victims of Iraq\u2019s invasion and occupation of Kuwait." }, { "paper": "1967223484", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2002", "title": "terror islam and democracy", "label": [ "199539241", "555826173" ], "author": [ "145157121", "2077225988" ], "reference": [ "564616678", "585708155", "602955398", "1485612213", "1495586498", "1497311550", "1518190431", "1581044356", "1980182257", "2023769724", "2056174229", "2119249299", "2169371283", "2548577721", "2580880494", "2968036319" ], "abstract": "although islamist terror groups invoke a host of religious references the real source of their ideas is not the koran but rather leninism fascism and other strains of twentieth century thought that exalt totalitarian violence", "title_raw": "Terror, Islam, and Democracy", "abstract_raw": "Although Islamist terror groups invoke a host of religious references, the real source of their ideas is not the Koran but rather Leninism, fascism,and other strains of twentieth-century thought that exalt totalitarian violence." }, { "paper": "2269414634", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2002", "title": "the last negotiation", "label": [ "3116431", "199776023" ], "author": [ "2156142209", "2096984649" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Last Negotiation", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2087318612", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2002", "title": "collective action under the articles of confederation by keith l dougherty", "label": [ "2777932401", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1272158750" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Collective Action under the Articles of Confederation by Keith L. Dougherty", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2129223909", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2002", "title": "attitudes to europe ideology strategy and the issue of european union membership in hungarian party politics", "label": [ "158071213", "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1686205343" ], "reference": [ "597459004", "601565866", "1963501390", "1976471699", "2049959395", "2051988709", "2052258485", "2064611189", "2087321963", "2098380371", "2159799256", "2165199895", "2187835150" ], "abstract": "the objective of the article is to assess the extent to which party ideology and strategic incentives account for political parties attitudes to european integration in one of the east central european eu applicant countries hungary starting with general propositions regarding the relationship between particular ideological strands and orientations to european integration the main focus of the article is on individual parties policies and rhetoric on the eu as shaped by the dynamic context of the party system the hungarian case suggests that while ideology structures underlying attitudes to integration parties predispositions are not directly translated into a corresponding policy of supporting or rejecting membership per se the parties are constrained by their own early pro european rhetoric as well as short term competitive pressures and the need to be acceptable as coalition partners", "title_raw": "Attitudes to Europe: Ideology, Strategy and the Issue of European Union Membership in Hungarian Party Politics", "abstract_raw": "The objective of the article is to assess the extent to which party ideology and strategic incentives account for political parties' attitudes to European integration in one of the East Central European EU-applicant countries, Hungary. Starting with general propositions regarding the relationship between particular ideological strands and orientations to European integration, the main focus of the article is on individual parties' policies and rhetoric on the EU as shaped by the dynamic context of the party system. The Hungarian case suggests that, while ideology structures underlying attitudes to integration, parties' predispositions are not directly translated into a corresponding policy of supporting or rejecting membership per se: the parties are constrained by their own early pro-European rhetoric as well as short-term competitive pressures and the need to be acceptable as coalition partners." }, { "paper": "2072811755", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2002", "title": "minor parties and protest votes in australia and new zealand locating populist politics", "label": [ "94625758", "2780668109", "70036468", "520049643" ], "author": [ "310851543", "2076422452" ], "reference": [ "375955452", "591631381", "600235022", "600377353", "601657618", "623061524", "623356207", "633902212", "634300809", "635851132", "1533686470", "1606055862", "1968626925", "1970650017", "1978731569", "2004409126", "2010300016", "2011152119", "2015904925", "2024674158", "2038563845", "2040418431", "2045703167", "2093698017", "2124324110", "2146956506", "2487130496", "2488001581", "2622800555", "2743816178", "2801521164", "2801925251", "2802669150", "3195989048" ], "abstract": "abstract the electoral role of populist politics in australia and new zealand is explored within the larger context of minor party protest voting survey data from recent national elections are used to analyse the bases of support for the one nation party and new zealand first we find that the populist parties played two fundamentally distinct roles tapping virtually exclusive support for extremist issue stances such as opposition to immigration and aid for indigenous minorities while sharing their vote gain from economic concerns and political disaffection both roles are constrained by the countries system of partisan competition one nation more likely to attract exclusive support than new zealand first given the latter s need to compete amongst many more small party alternatives", "title_raw": "Minor parties and protest votes in Australia and New Zealand: locating populist politics", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The electoral role of populist politics in Australia and New Zealand is explored within the larger context of minor party protest voting. Survey data from recent national elections are used to analyse the bases of support for the One Nation Party and New Zealand First. We find that the populist parties played two fundamentally distinct roles\u2014tapping virtually exclusive support for extremist issue-stances such as opposition to immigration and aid for indigenous minorities, while sharing their vote gain from economic concerns and political disaffection. Both roles are constrained by the countries' system of partisan competition\u2014One Nation more likely to attract exclusive support than New Zealand First, given the latter's need to compete amongst many more small party alternatives." }, { "paper": "1963662220", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "south african government coming round on aids drugs mandela says", "label": [ "47344431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2078101786" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "South African government \u201ccoming round\u201d on AIDS drugs, Mandela says", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1568378565", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "germany s elite tie knot with big pharma", "label": [ "2775987171", "2777532764" ], "author": [ "2014282320" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "geneticsmunich germany s top research organization the max planck society inked a multimillion dollar deal this week to form a joint institute with one of the world s largest pharmaceutical companies glaxosmithkline will establish a new genetic research center on the campus of the munich based max planck institute of psychiatry dedicated to finding genetic links to common diseases", "title_raw": "Germany's Elite Tie Knot With Big Pharma", "abstract_raw": "GENETICSMUNICH-- Germany's top research organization, the Max Planck Society, inked a multimillion dollar deal this week to form a joint institute with one of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies. GlaxoSmithKline will establish a new Genetic Research Center on the campus of the Munich-based Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, dedicated to finding genetic links to common diseases." }, { "paper": "1482600908", "venue": "9731383", "year": "2002", "title": "governing molecules the discoursive politics of genetic engineering in europe and the united states", "label": [ "94625758", "2779651174" ], "author": [ "2747771574" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Governing Molecules. The Discoursive Politics of Genetic Engineering in Europe and the United States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2052042937", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2002", "title": "european tobacco control reaches a critical phase", "label": [ "2781145028" ], "author": [ "2112639148" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "European tobacco control reaches a critical phase.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2362561783", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2002", "title": "strengthening institutional research a requisite in the reform and development of higher schools", "label": [ "120912362", "65414064", "2776208816", "3116431", "191935318", "2776742560", "2777161012" ], "author": [ "2443346031" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the overall environment of china s higher education in the 21st century is undergoing three grand changes marketization massification and internationalization with the broadening of higher schools administration autonomy and the formation of diversified higher education market which is in favor of the buying party the reform and development of higher schools is in urgent need of the instruction from the scientific institutional research at present china s institutional research should develop itself from three aspects founding a database system of institutional research studying factual questions in the administration and cultivating institutional researchers", "title_raw": "Strengthening institutional research: a requisite in the reform and development of higher schools", "abstract_raw": "The overall environment of China's higher education in the 21st century is undergoing three grand changes: marketization, massification and internationalization. With the broadening of higher schools' administration autonomy and the formation of diversified higher\\|education market, which is in favor of the buying party, the reform and development of higher schools is in urgent need of the instruction from the scientific institutional research. At present, China's institutional research should develop itself from three aspects: founding a database system of institutional research, studying factual questions in the administration and cultivating institutional researchers." }, { "paper": "2000524965", "venue": "167854760", "year": "2002", "title": "tour guide training a model for sustainable capacity building in developing countries", "label": [ "18918823", "184356942", "2778734068", "2779622097" ], "author": [ "2000326940", "3037002436" ], "reference": [ "193580946", "224452677", "283068512", "575891175", "1513813202", "1526208582", "1572222801", "1607052799", "1814179671", "1981818694", "1995094265", "2165406070", "2339444031", "2765301562", "2993564331", "3016430699" ], "abstract": "this paper explains the special role of interpretive tour guide training in the context of sustainable tourism development and management in developing countries it goes on to examine the interpretive guiding component of a six week training programme delivered in april and may 1999 in panama together with two shorter more focused interpretive guiding courses one in patagonia argentina march 2000 and one in galapagos islands ecuador september 2000 the context and process for the development of these courses and the rationale for the selection and development of course content and methods are presented followed by a description of a multi level evaluation of the training including the addition of a training of trainers component these provide the basis for a model approach with recommendations for the design delivery and evaluation of future interpretive guide training in developing countries the work is part of a long term research programme on best practice development in guide training", "title_raw": "Tour Guide Training: A Model for Sustainable Capacity Building in Developing Countries", "abstract_raw": "This paper explains the special role of interpretive tour guide training in the context of sustainable tourism development and management in developing countries. It goes on to examine the interpretive guiding component of a six-week training programme delivered in April and May, 1999 in Panama, together with two shorter, more focused interpretive guiding courses, one in Patagonia, Argentina (March 2000) and one in Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (September 2000). The context and process for the development of these courses and the rationale for the selection and development of course content and methods are presented, followed by a description of a multi-level evaluation of the training, including the addition of a training-of-trainers component. These provide the basis for a model approach with recommendations for the design, delivery and evaluation of future interpretive guide training in developing countries. The work is part of a long-term research programme on best practice development in guide training ..." }, { "paper": "1965029863", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2002", "title": "the protection of morals under the european convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms", "label": [ "199539241", "2780608745", "22299250", "86615163", "95691615", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2253029408" ], "reference": [ "1605281496", "3116665133" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Protection of Morals Under the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2108346175", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2002", "title": "human rights europe and the people s republic of china", "label": [ "107029721", "80370480", "191935318", "169437150", "2776034101", "2777256092" ], "author": [ "2486649850" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article seeks to examine certain aspects of the role of human rights in relations between china and europe specifically the article focuses on the debate whether or not to co sponsor a resolution critical of china at the un commission on human rights chr or alternatively to base policy around a human rights dialogue with china this debate has dominated the discussions of member states of the european union on human rights and china for the past five years at least", "title_raw": "Human Rights, Europe and the People's Republic of China", "abstract_raw": "This article seeks to examine certain aspects of the role of human rights in relations between China and Europe. Specifically, the article focuses on the debate whether or not to co-sponsor a resolution critical of China at the UN Commission on Human Rights (CHR) or alternatively to base policy around a human rights dialogue with China. This debate has dominated the discussions of member states of the European Union on human rights and China for the past five years at least." }, { "paper": "1012344565", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2002", "title": "the wrong war", "label": [ "2780620123", "2780301145", "199539241", "2777799818", "137355542", "2779220109", "203133693" ], "author": [ "2539901992" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "wars have typically been fought against proper nouns germany say for the good reason that proper nouns can surrender and promise not to do it again wars against common nouns poverty crime drugs have been less successftil such opponents never give up the war on terror ism unfortunately falls into the second category victory is possible only if the united states confines itself to fighting individual terrorists rather than the tactic of terrorism itself yet defining who is a terrorist is more complicated than it might seem and even if it were not choosing one s enemies on the basis of their tactics alone has little to recommend it the oxfordenglish dictionary says that a terrorist is someone who attempts to further his views by a system of coercive intimidation the term now usually refers to a member of a clandestine or expatriate organization aiming to coerce an established government by acts of violence against it or its subjects this definition is fine as far as it goes but in practice the use of the term is more problematic the dictionary s citations describe the following terrorists or groups involved in terrorism the russian government of tsar alexander iii the french resistance during world war ii the zionist irgun in palestine the kenyan mau mau independence movement the african na tional congress anc irish nationalists and greek cypriots at least some of these groups are widely admired and it is telling that the citations referring to the greek cypriots and the anc raise questions as to whether the terrorist label was properly applied like beauty it would seem terrorism is in the eye of the beholder", "title_raw": "The Wrong War", "abstract_raw": "WARS have typically been fought against proper nouns (Germany, say) for the good reason that proper nouns can surrender and promise not to do it again. Wars against common nouns (poverty, crime, drugs) have been less successftil. Such opponents never give up. The war on terror ism, unfortunately, falls into the second category. Victory is possible only if the United States confines itself to fighting individual terrorists rather than the tactic of terrorism itself. Yet defining who is a terrorist is more complicated than it might seem-and even if it were not, choosing one's enemies on the basis of their tactics alone has little to recommend it. The OxfordEnglish Dictionary says that a terrorist is someone who \"attempts to further his views by a system of coercive intimidation. ... The term now usually refers to a member of a clandestine or expatriate organization aiming to coerce an established government by acts of violence against it or its subjects.\" This definition is fine as far as it goes, but in practice the use of the term is more problematic. The dictionary's citations describe the following \"terrorists\" or groups involved in \"terrorism\": the Russian government of Tsar Alexander III, the French Resistance during World War II, the Zionist Irgun in Palestine, the Kenyan \"Mau Mau\" independence movement, the African Na tional Congress (ANC), Irish nationalists, and Greek Cypriots. At least some of these groups are widely admired, and it is telling that the citations referring to the Greek Cypriots and the ANC raise questions as to whether the \"terrorist\" label was properly applied. Like beauty, it would seem, terrorism is in the eye of the beholder." }, { "paper": "1998835491", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2002", "title": "the power of the american presidency 1789 2000 by michael a genovese oxford oxford university press 2000 273p 19 95 presidential power forging the presidency for the twenty first century edited by robert y shapiro martha joynt kumar and lawrence r jacobs new york columbia university press 2000 525p 49 50", "label": [ "2781243023", "197487636", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2150426588" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Power of the American Presidency, 1789\u20132000. By Michael A. Genovese. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. 273p. $19.95. Presidential Power: Forging the Presidency for the Twenty-First Century Edited. by Robert Y. Shapiro, Martha Joynt Kumar, and Lawrence R. Jacobs. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. 525p. $49.50", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2031652585", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2002", "title": "counter terrorism armed force and the laws of war", "label": [ "544453697", "158154518", "199539241", "2778573023" ], "author": [ "2140392571" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in military operations involving action against terrorists the relevance of the laws of war often now called international humanitarian law is problematical the us led war on terror especially the use of armed force in afghanistan raises three questions is the law applicable to such operations should it be applied in situations different from what was envisaged in treaties and are detainees prisoners of war a difficulty in applying the law is that governments usually view terrorists like rebels in civil wars as simply criminal in the bombing in afghanistan the us has sought to observe the legal requirement of discrimination but difficult issues are raised by the use of cluster bombs and the continued bombing after the taliban regime s fall as regards prisoners us policy was ill thought out and the perfectly justifiable classification of certain prisoners as unlawful combatants should not mean that they are in a legal limbo treating the law cavalierly causes problems especially fo", "title_raw": "Counter-terrorism, armed force and the laws of war", "abstract_raw": "In military operations involving action against terrorists, the relevance of the laws of war, often now called international humanitarian law, is problematical. The US-led \u2018war on terror\u2019, especially the use of armed force in Afghanistan, raises three questions. Is the law applicable to such operations? Should it be applied in situations different from what was envisaged in treaties? And are detainees \u2018prisoners of war\u2019? A difficulty in applying the law is that governments usually view terrorists, like rebels in civil wars, as simply criminal. In the bombing in Afghanistan, the US has sought to observe the legal requirement of discrimination, but difficult issues are raised by the use of cluster bombs and the continued bombing after the Taliban regime's fall. As regards prisoners, US policy was ill-thought-out; and the perfectly justifiable classification of certain prisoners as \u2018unlawful combatants\u2019 should not mean that they are in a legal limbo. Treating the law cavalierly causes problems, especially fo..." }, { "paper": "2081150376", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2002", "title": "environmental policymaking in congress the role of issue definition in wetlands great lakes and wildlife policies by kelly tzoumis", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "704675497" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Environmental Policymaking in Congress: The Role of Issue Definition in Wetlands, Great Lakes and Wildlife Policies by Kelly Tzoumis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1997547773", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "revisiting the science political mix", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "16161800" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "as donald kennedy points out in his editorial when science and politics don t mix 7 june p 1765 1 the boycotting of israeli scientists by non israeli scientists is in essence anathema to the idea and practice of open science and also engenders anger which is already in surfeit", "title_raw": "Revisiting the science/political mix.", "abstract_raw": "As Donald Kennedy points out in his Editorial \u201cWhen science and politics don't mix\u201d (7 June, p. [1765][1]), the boycotting of Israeli scientists by non-Israeli scientists is in essence anathema to the idea and practice of \u201copen science\u201d and also engenders anger, which is already in surfeit" }, { "paper": "2235691012", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2002", "title": "ethics fair benefits for research in developing countries participants in the 2001 conference on ethical aspects of research in developing countries", "label": [ "160735492" ], "author": [ "2350112190", "2302678854", "2050646516", "2703390530", "1976866563", "2139872893", "2174629930", "2994489664", "2704457839", "2511516804", "3132040676", "1683999706", "2970626529", "2627822442", "2662844695", "2705039652", "2336037543", "2639356528", "2502550973", "2116563765", "2715353690", "2673944290", "2043210572", "1972485823", "47466971", "2574625143", "1993602597", "2205443420", "139162298", "2018220368" ], "reference": [ "241262449", "1590172184", "1893967735", "1980093380", "1981364594", "2062146075", "2065625460", "2113232279", "2150060517" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ethics: Fair benefits for research in developing countries: Participants in the 2001 conference on ethical aspects of research in developing countries", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1985944916", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "immigration policy and the challenge of globalization unions and employers in an unlikely alliance by julie r watts ithaca ny ilr cornell university press 2001 208p 35 00", "label": [ "94625758", "2778431023", "2119116", "70036468", "111141941" ], "author": [ "2149169735" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the study of immigration and immigration policy has become a research growth area for political scientists in recent years and with good reason immigration has traditionally been a focus of other disciplines such as demography thus research has tended to focus on the demographic profile of immigrant groups the characteristics of sending and receiving communities and the nature of transnational social networks that facilitate immigration noticeably less attention has been devoted to the politics of immigration and immigration policy here political scientists are helping to fill an obvious and important research niche immigration policy and the challenge of globalization is a timely contribution to the growing political science literature in this area", "title_raw": "Immigration Policy and the Challenge of Globalization: Unions and Employers in an Unlikely Alliance. By Julie R. Watts. Ithaca, NY: ILR/Cornell University Press, 2001. 208p. $35.00", "abstract_raw": "The study of immigration and immigration policy has become a research growth area for political scientists in recent years. And with good reason. Immigration has traditionally been a focus of other disciplines, such as demography. Thus, research has tended to focus on the demographic profile of immigrant groups, the characteristics of sending and receiving communities, and the nature of transnational social networks that facilitate immigration. Noticeably less attention has been devoted to the politics of immigration and immigration policy. Here, political scientists are helping to fill an obvious and important research niche. Immigration Policy and the Challenge of Globalization is a timely contribution to the growing political science literature in this area." }, { "paper": "2331147034", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2003", "title": "the role of economic performance in ukrainian nationalism", "label": [ "521449643" ], "author": [ "2149808672" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Role of Economic Performance in Ukrainian Nationalism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2078438988", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2003", "title": "behind the curve globalization and international terrorism", "label": [ "2778833592", "2119116", "51575053", "158154518", "509929229", "203133693" ], "author": [ "2123526518" ], "reference": [ "594722732", "609438712", "612024250", "629724101", "1488576384", "1520173167", "1521386959", "1523582439", "1542182454", "1546166481", "1562761708", "1563337935", "1857856946", "1969572844", "1971334505", "1974516210", "1975486804", "1978451129", "1989484525", "2015780861", "2021922089", "2024053709", "2030870118", "2066027434", "2066721184", "2068380544", "2087933684", "2090924666", "2092523298", "2157572278", "2163639320", "2503077446", "2570989157", "2738686707", "2795670842", "3021497826", "3026605288", "3028491770", "3031119766" ], "abstract": "tween the evolving changes of globalization the inherent weaknesses of the arab region and the inadequate american response to both ensures that terrorism will continue to be the most serious threat to u s and western interests in the twenty arst century there has been little creative thinking however about how to confront the growing terrorist backlash that has been unleashed terrorism is a complicated eclectic phenomenon requiring a sophisticated strategy oriented toward inouencing its means and ends over the long term few members of the u s policymaking and academic communities however have the political capital intellectual background or inclination to work together to forge an effective sustained response instead the tendency has been to fall back on established bureaucratic mind sets and prevailing theoretical paradigms that have little relevance for the changes in international security that became obvious after the terrorist attacks in new york and washington on september 11 2001 the current wave of international terrorism characterized by unpredictable and unprecedented threats from nonstate actors not only is a reaction to globalization but is facilitated by it the u s response to this reality has been reactive and anachronistic the combined focus of the united states on statecentric threats and its attempt to cast twenty arst century terrorism into familiar strategic terms avoids and often undermines effective responses to this nonstate phenomenon the increasing threat of globalized terrorism must be met with oexible multifaceted responses that deliberately and effectively exploit avenues of globalization in return this however is not happening behind the curve", "title_raw": "Behind the Curve: Globalization and International Terrorism", "abstract_raw": "tween the evolving changes of globalization, the inherent weaknesses of the Arab region, and the inadequate American response to both ensures that terrorism will continue to be the most serious threat to U.S. and Western interests in the twenty-arst century. There has been little creative thinking, however, about how to confront the growing terrorist backlash that has been unleashed. Terrorism is a complicated, eclectic phenomenon, requiring a sophisticated strategy oriented toward inouencing its means and ends over the long term. Few members of the U.S. policymaking and academic communities, however, have the political capital, intellectual background, or inclination to work together to forge an effective, sustained response. Instead, the tendency has been to fall back on established bureaucratic mind-sets and prevailing theoretical paradigms that have little relevance for the changes in international security that became obvious after the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001. The current wave of international terrorism, characterized by unpredictable and unprecedented threats from nonstate actors, not only is a reaction to globalization but is facilitated by it; the U.S. response to this reality has been reactive and anachronistic. The combined focus of the United States on statecentric threats and its attempt to cast twenty-arst-century terrorism into familiar strategic terms avoids and often undermines effective responses to this nonstate phenomenon. The increasing threat of globalized terrorism must be met with oexible, multifaceted responses that deliberately and effectively exploit avenues of globalization in return; this, however, is not happening. Behind the Curve" }, { "paper": "2568724129", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2003", "title": "taking arabs seriously", "label": [ "93377909", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2155722974" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Taking Arabs Seriously", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2029830289", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "experts put some flesh on a bare bones proposal", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2014282320" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "berlin last week a panel set up to advise european union research ministers laid out a detailed proposal for a 2 3 billion a year fund to support basic research across the continent", "title_raw": "Experts Put Some Flesh on a Bare-Bones Proposal", "abstract_raw": "BERLIN--\n Last week, a panel set up to advise European Union research ministers laid out a detailed proposal for a $2.3-billion-a-year fund to support basic research across the continent." }, { "paper": "2039066182", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2003", "title": "commission recommends reform of german health care", "label": [ "2776034101", "160735492", "137992405", "47344431", "147268084", "193395930" ], "author": [ "2318986065" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Commission recommends reform of German health care", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2041929721", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2003", "title": "peace through insecurity tenure and international conflict", "label": [ "199539241", "2776729102" ], "author": [ "382502111", "3147438718" ], "reference": [ "590714071", "643133595", "1245621102", "1506409432", "1535643370", "1566028473", "1573921637", "1584789652", "1964333827", "1964688764", "1968227598", "1980412904", "1984638903", "1987566178", "1999326695", "2002357159", "2006270824", "2010192894", "2010616166", "2018757872", "2020882408", "2024127806", "2024564153", "2024565670", "2024693924", "2033442982", "2034162327", "2041919235", "2044073085", "2044687826", "2047156377", "2048571281", "2052522583", "2053822793", "2056176140", "2057012170", "2057232119", "2061487433", "2062517274", "2063890925", "2069112079", "2075598683", "2075762393", "2077085353", "2083547856", "2083620364", "2089351107", "2090939951", "2098497489", "2098910318", "2099183722", "2108794776", "2113607642", "2118201783", "2119122609", "2120763836", "2124358680", "2124871592", "2127866940", "2135035101", "2138515354", "2146240021", "2147116195", "2147574293", "2152526885", "2157068347", "2160542856", "2162860774", "2171807236", "2320089057", "2327745105", "2475552378", "2819406292", "3145410048" ], "abstract": "the literature on diversionary war has long argued that a leader s tenure considerations play an important role in international conflict behavior however for the diversionary use of force to be", "title_raw": "Peace through Insecurity Tenure and International Conflict", "abstract_raw": "The literature on diversionary war has long argued that a leader's tenure considerations play an important role in international conflict behavior. However, for the diversionary use of force to be ..." }, { "paper": "2064052815", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2003", "title": "rethinking of education and training for tourism this conference celebrated 40 years of tourism education and training provision by the graduate school of economics and business at the university of zagreb croatia and ran from 18 to 20th april 2002", "label": [ "39549134", "18918823" ], "author": [ "2054848866" ], "reference": [ "1587981785", "2076491592" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rethinking of Education and Training for Tourism: This Conference Celebrated 40 Years of Tourism Education and Training Provision by the Graduate School of Economics and Business at the University of Zagreb, Croatia, and ran from 18 to 20th April 2002", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2801496992", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2003", "title": "the other war global poverty and the millennium challenge account", "label": [ "189326681" ], "author": [ "2107348091", "1751728367", "2507511129", "2285174929", "1998847185", "2678763689" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Other War: Global Poverty and the Millennium Challenge Account", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2087539396", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "research cloning ethics and public policy", "label": [ "2780849931", "175000728", "109986646", "188084074", "139531236", "520049643", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2100204943" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the u s house of representatives recently passed a bill that prohibits human cloning for both reproduction and biomedical research last july the president s council on bioethics unanimously endorsed a legal ban on human reproductive cloning but only 7 of 17 voting council members supported a", "title_raw": "Research cloning, ethics, and public policy.", "abstract_raw": "The U.S. House of Representatives recently passed a bill that prohibits human cloning for both reproduction and biomedical research. Last July, the President's Council on Bioethics unanimously endorsed a legal ban on human reproductive cloning, but only 7 of 17 voting Council members supported a" }, { "paper": "1527507261", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "u k probes public opposition to gm crops", "label": [ "2780668109" ], "author": [ "2485819180" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "agricultural biotechcambridge u k the u k government is sponsoring a series of six public debates around the country to give interested parties and members of the public a chance to voice their opinions on genetically modified gm crops the debates are part of a coordinated series of events to help the government decide later this year whether to allow planting of gm crops in the united kingdom", "title_raw": "U.K. Probes Public Opposition to GM Crops", "abstract_raw": "AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHCAMBRIDGE, U.K.-- The U.K. government is sponsoring a series of six public debates around the country to give interested parties and members of the public a chance to voice their opinions on genetically modified (GM) crops. The debates are part of a coordinated series of events to help the government decide later this year whether to allow planting of GM crops in the United Kingdom." }, { "paper": "1598124653", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "u n inspections find wisps of smoke but no smoking guns", "label": [ "81631423" ], "author": [ "2274243332" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "war in iraqcambridge u k scientific teams were withdrawn from iraq on the eve of the war after spending 3 months looking for weapons of mass destruction in exclusive interviews with science several inspectors relate what they found", "title_raw": "U.N. inspections find wisps of smoke but no smoking guns", "abstract_raw": "WAR IN IRAQCAMBRIDGE, U.K.-- Scientific teams were withdrawn from Iraq on the eve of the war after spending 3 months looking for weapons of mass destruction. In exclusive interviews with Science , several inspectors relate what they found." }, { "paper": "2069186888", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2003", "title": "the criminalisation of russo japanese border trade causes and consequences", "label": [ "2776517727" ], "author": [ "2312670629" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Criminalisation of Russo-Japanese Border Trade: Causes and Consequences", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1986293347", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "obesity what is to be done", "label": [ "39549134", "2778589402", "46578552", "160735492", "206836424" ], "author": [ "2394134000", "1273870274" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the word epidemic conjures up alarming images plague pestilence destruction and death we are not used to lumping obesity in with such disasters but the recent increase in the global prevalence of obesity qualifies as an epidemic obesity claims an increasing number of lives worldwide discouraging statistics abound in both the medical and popular press this issue of science also reports some of this bad news we learn for starters that the obesity epidemic is recognized by the world health organization as one of the top 10 global health problems multiple social forces work against maintenance of a healthy weight such as food availability declines in traditional lifestyles and sedentary living the medical profession is reported to lack both the knowledge and the incentives financial and otherwise to combat this threat to health all of us particularly certain populations have powerful genetic predispositions to retain excess calories in preparation for famine the biological systems that manage our food intake controlling how often and how much we eat and making corrections when the long term equilibrium is disrupted are extraordinarily complex and not yet well understood powerful biological control mechanisms spur calorie intake but less powerful ones limit it as yet unknown players are probably confounding researchers efforts to untangle this system clinicians have few tools with which to fight this epidemic current antiobesity drugs are not highly effective and are fraught with side effects but the articles in this issue also point to areas where we can expect to make real progress against this epidemic the tools of molecular genetics have yielded a rush of new information about molecular signals that guide short term decisions such as whether to eat now or push away from the table other molecules take a longer view monitoring fat balance see the news story by marx p 846 information from basic research has identified numerous drug targets as gura s news story p 849 points out several compounds are in human clinical trials now and more are in development although friedman p 856 1 outlines the enormity of the obesity problem in his viewpoint likening it to that of cancer he suggests that new molecular knowledge coupled with an evolutionary view may give us enough information to fight obesity productively science clearly has the potential to inform and perhaps help solve some aspects of this intricate problem what about social forces hill et al p 853 argue in their viewpoint that it will take only a small reduction in daily net energy input to prevent further increases in obesity rates an attainable goal they believe social change can also occur in the medical profession as physicians and other health care professionals learn more about how to treat obesity as argued by pi sunyer p 859 2 perhaps the biggest challenge is outlined by nestle in her editorial p 781 when the interests of corporate institutions that control the distribution of food and its advertisement with the goal of maximizing food consumption conflict with the public good who is to intervene and how 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 1079856 2 lookup doi 10 1126 science 1082319", "title_raw": "Obesity--What Is To Be Done?", "abstract_raw": "The word epidemic conjures up alarming images: plague, pestilence, destruction, and death. We are not used to lumping obesity in with such disasters, but the recent increase in the global prevalence of obesity qualifies as an epidemic. Obesity claims an increasing number of lives worldwide; discouraging statistics abound in both the medical and popular press.\n\nThis issue of Science also reports some of this bad news. We learn, for starters, that the obesity epidemic is recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the top 10 global health problems. Multiple social forces work against maintenance of a healthy weight, such as food availability, declines in traditional lifestyles, and sedentary living. The medical profession is reported to lack both the knowledge and the incentives (financial and otherwise) to combat this threat to health. All of us, particularly certain populations, have powerful genetic predispositions to retain excess calories in preparation for famine. The biological systems that manage our food intake\u2014controlling how often and how much we eat and making corrections when the long-term equilibrium is disrupted\u2014are extraordinarily complex and not yet well understood. Powerful biological control mechanisms spur calorie intake, but less powerful ones limit it. As-yet-unknown players are probably confounding researchers' efforts to untangle this system. Clinicians have few tools with which to fight this epidemic; current antiobesity drugs are not highly effective and are fraught with side effects.\n\nBut the articles in this issue also point to areas where we can expect to make real progress against this epidemic. The tools of molecular genetics have yielded a rush of new information about molecular signals that guide short-term decisions, such as whether to eat now or push away from the table. Other molecules take a longer view, monitoring fat balance (see the News story by Marx, p. 846). Information from basic research has identified numerous drug targets, as Gura's News story (p. 849) points out. Several compounds are in human clinical trials now, and more are in development. Although Friedman (p. [856][1]) outlines the enormity of the obesity problem in his Viewpoint, likening it to that of cancer, he suggests that new molecular knowledge coupled with an evolutionary view may give us enough information to fight obesity productively. Science clearly has the potential to inform and perhaps help solve some aspects of this intricate problem. What about social forces? Hill et al. (p. 853) argue in their Viewpoint that it will take only a small reduction in daily net energy input to prevent further increases in obesity rates\u2014an attainable goal, they believe. Social change can also occur in the medical profession as physicians and other health care professionals learn more about how to treat obesity, as argued by Pi-Sunyer (p. [859][2]).\n\nPerhaps the biggest challenge is outlined by Nestle in her editorial (p. 781). When the interests of corporate institutions that control the distribution of food and its advertisement (with the goal of maximizing food consumption) conflict with the public good, who is to intervene and how?\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1079856\n [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1082319" }, { "paper": "1967758812", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2003", "title": "a rogue is a rogue is a rogue us foreign policy and the korean nuclear crisis", "label": [ "93377909", "194110935", "2776398702", "2605201", "2779010840", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2007962072" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "two nuclear crises recently haunted the korean peninsula one in 1993 4 the other in 2002 3 in each case the events were strikingly similar north korea made public its ambition to acquire nuclear weapons and withdrew from the nonproliferation treaty then the situation rapidly deteriorated until the peninsular was literally on the verge of war the dangers of north korea s actions often interpreted as nuclear brinkmanship are evident and much discussed but not so the underlying patterns that have shaped the conflict in the first place this article sheds light on some of them it examines the role of the united states in the crisis arguing that washington s inability to see north korea as anything but a threatening rogue state seriously hinders both an adequate understanding and possible resolution of the conflict particularly significant is the current policy of pre emptive strikes against rogue states for it reinforces half a century of american nuclear threats towards north korea the problematic role of these threats has been largely obscured not least because the highly technical discourse of security analysis has managed to present the strategic situation on the peninsula in a manner that attributes responsibility for the crisis solely to north korea s actions even if the situation is in reality far more complex and interactive", "title_raw": "A rogue is a rogue is a rogue: US foreign policy and the Korean nuclear crisis", "abstract_raw": "Two nuclear crises recently haunted the Korean peninsula, one in 1993/4, the other in 2002/3. In each case the events-were strikingly similar: North Korea made public its ambition to acquire nuclear weapons and withdrew from the Nonproliferation Treaty. Then the situation rapidly deteriorated until the peninsular was literally on the verge of war. The dangers of North Korea's actions, often interpreted as nuclear brinkmanship, are evident. and much discussed, but not so the underlying patterns that have shaped the conflict in the first place. This article sheds light on some of them. It examines the role of the United States in the crisis, arguing that Washington's inability to see North Korea as anything but a threatening 'rogue state' seriously hinders both an adequate understanding and possible resolution of the conflict. Particularly significant is the current policy of pre-emptive strikes against rogue states, for it reinforces half a century of American nuclear threats towards North Korea. The problematic role of these threats has been largely obscured, not least because the highly technical discourse of security analysis has managed to present the strategic situation on the peninsula in a manner that attributes responsibility for the crisis solely to North Korea's actions, even if the situation is in reality far more complex and interactive." }, { "paper": "2153619700", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2003", "title": "review the judicial application of human rights law national regional and international jurisprudence jayawickrama nihal the judicial application of human rights law national regional and international jurisprudence", "label": [ "169437150", "71043370", "199539241", "86615163" ], "author": [ "1996192102" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review: The Judicial Application of Human Rights Law: National, Regional and International Jurisprudence Jayawickrama Nihal The Judicial Application of Human Rights Law: National, Regional and International Jurisprudence", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2092143998", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2003", "title": "ex yugoslavs in the austrian and swedish labour markets the significance of the period of migration and the effect of citizenship acquisition", "label": [ "100243477", "111141941", "154193497", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2150562672" ], "reference": [ "22850081", "53549806", "1592863617", "1594840142", "1977545579", "1991113213", "2004447924", "2014304522", "2026741377", "2029210115", "2033845084", "2045242787", "2066651582", "2113869659", "2115585814", "2124242630", "2125705164", "2475553789", "2506234675" ], "abstract": "this paper assesses the labour market integration of ex yugoslav immigrants in austria and sweden in terms of three relevant structural characteristics of the two societies immigration policies labour markets and welfare regulations the austrian 1996 micro census and the swedish 1997 labour force survey data are utilised to explore the labour market attainment of ex yugoslav citizens in austria and sweden in terms of four outcomes labour force participation unemployment economic sector concen tration and occupational status the labour market situations of pre 1973 immigrants in sweden and austria were found to be quite similar while more recent immigrants to sweden show distinctly lower activity rates and higher unemployment risks compared to natives than do their counterparts who went to austria if successful in finding a job recent yugoslav immigrants in sweden managed to enter more prestigious occupations than their compatriots in austria but immigrants in both countries are disadvantaged if", "title_raw": "Ex-Yugoslavs in the Austrian and Swedish labour markets: The significance of the period of migration and the effect of citizenship acquisition", "abstract_raw": "This paper assesses the labour market integration of ex-Yugoslav immigrants in Austria and Sweden in terms of three relevant structural characteristics of the two societies: immigration policies, labour markets and welfare regulations. The Austrian 1996 micro-census and the Swedish 1997 labour force survey data are utilised to explore the labour market attainment of ex-Yugoslav citizens in Austria and Sweden in terms of four outcomes: labour force participation, unemployment, economic sector concen tration and occupational status. The labour market situations of pre-1973 immigrants in Sweden and Austria were found to be quite similar, while more recent immigrants to Sweden show distinctly lower activity rates and higher unemployment risks compared to natives than do their counterparts who went to Austria. If successful in finding a job, recent Yugoslav immigrants in Sweden managed to enter more prestigious occupations than their compatriots in Austria, but immigrants in both countries are disadvantaged if..." }, { "paper": "2115280336", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2003", "title": "legitimacy in a global order", "label": [ "94625758", "46295352", "2780565519", "2776310101" ], "author": [ "2256250442" ], "reference": [ "2015602744" ], "abstract": "this is a study of legitimacy in a global order not legitimacy of the global order it explores the challenging issue of what legitimacy might mean within such a context and on what basis that order could develop its own principles of legitimacy its purpose is to garner further insights into the nature of contemporary global governance and resistance to it inasmuch as the latter is widely deemed to be symptomatic of the legitimacy crisis at its heart a multitude of writers working from quite different perspectives is in agreement that it is this lack of legitimacy that threatens the very fabric of the order indeed it is common to regard the emergence of concerns about the declining legitimacy of any system as itself indicative of some kind of failure within it the concept tends to be associated with the politics of crisis accordingly we are most likely to ask questions about the legitimacy of a system only when things appear to be going wrong if this is so legitimacy provides a vital key to understanding the tensions within the contemporary global order", "title_raw": "Legitimacy in a global order", "abstract_raw": "This is a study of legitimacy in a global order, not legitimacy of the global order. It explores the challenging issue of what legitimacy might mean within such a context, and on what basis that order could develop its own principles of legitimacy. Its purpose is to garner further insights into the nature of contemporary global governance, and resistance to it, inasmuch as the latter is widely deemed to be symptomatic of the legitimacy crisis at its heart. A multitude of writers, working from quite different perspectives, is in agreement that it is this lack of legitimacy that threatens the very fabric of the order. Indeed, it is common to regard the emergence of concerns about the declining legitimacy of any system as itself indicative of some kind of failure within it: the concept tends to be associated with the \u2018politics of crisis\u2019. Accordingly, we are most likely to ask questions about the legitimacy of a system only when things appear to be going wrong. If this is so, legitimacy provides a vital key to understanding the tensions within the contemporary global order." }, { "paper": "2159857294", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "identity and foreign policy in the middle east edited by shibley telhami and michael barnett ithaca n y cornell university press 2001 240p 45 oo cloth 18 95 paper", "label": [ "93377909", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2196970331" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Identity and Foreign Policy in the Middle East. Edited by Shibley Telhami and Michael Barnett. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2001. 240p. $45.OO cloth, $18.95 paper", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1865129936", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "academia gets no help from u s in patent case", "label": [ "2778272461", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2343143953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the u s government9s top lawyer has recommended that the supreme court reject pleas from duke university and other institutions to review a lower court ruling that could end a 190 year old practice of allowing academic scientists free use of patented tools in basic research", "title_raw": "Academia Gets No Help From U.S. in Patent Case", "abstract_raw": "The U.S. government9s top lawyer has recommended that the Supreme Court reject pleas from Duke University and other institutions to review a lower court ruling that could end a 190-year-old practice of allowing academic scientists free use of patented tools in basic research." }, { "paper": "2086459996", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2003", "title": "slovakiais second transition", "label": [ "555826173", "1344699", "542948173", "68346564", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2628551398" ], "reference": [ "132993112", "158988150", "1503134246", "1987134971", "2016342672", "2060873402", "2148388782" ], "abstract": "the results of slovakia s 2002 elections can be said to mark the completion of a second transition to democracy with the election of 2002 it became clear that slovakia s nationalist authoritarian experiment is effectively over what remains to be seen is the extent and duration of its impact on slovak political life today s leaders must contend not only with the legacies of communism but with the unique legacies of postcommunist authoritarianism also some of these legacies continue to hobble the country s democratic development but others have actually helped inoculate slovakia against another return to authoritarian leadership", "title_raw": "Slovakiais Second Transition", "abstract_raw": "The results of Slovakia's 2002 elections can be said to mark the\ncompletion of a \"second transition\" to democracy. With the election\nof 2002, it became clear that Slovakia's nationalist-authoritarian\nexperiment is effectively over. What remains to be seen is the extent\nand duration of its impact on Slovak political life. Today's leaders\nmust contend not only with the legacies of communism but with the\nunique legacies of postcommunist authoritarianism also. Some of these\nlegacies continue to hobble the country's democratic development, but\nothers have actually helped inoculate Slovakia against another return\nto authoritarian leadership." }, { "paper": "1509281737", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2003", "title": "the east european gypsies regime change marginality and ethnopolitics", "label": [ "2780093650" ], "author": [ "1992724840" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The East European Gypsies: Regime Change, Marginality, and Ethnopolitics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122194070", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2003", "title": "appellate courts inside and out", "label": [ "2778449503", "2778272461", "2779017129", "182566", "100505606", "2776211767" ], "author": [ "2111702213" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Appellate Courts Inside and Out", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2157665290", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2003", "title": "why government succeeds and why it failsby amihai glazer and lawrence s rothenberg", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "527541870" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Why Government Succeeds and Why It Failsby Amihai Glazer and Lawrence S. Rothenberg", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2115556916", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2003", "title": "facing mount kenya or facing mecca the mungiki ethnic violence and the politics of the moi succession in kenya 1987 2002", "label": [ "2776118871", "94625758", "2777162435", "187651312" ], "author": [ "2787959470" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Facing Mount Kenya or Facing Mecca? The Mungiki, Ethnic Violence and the Politics of the Moi Succession in Kenya, 1987-2002", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2094397785", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2003", "title": "endangered relations negotiating sex and aids in thailand", "label": [ "199776023" ], "author": [ "2182918198" ], "reference": [ "131020045", "2015552867", "2057890360", "2550512383", "2619902587" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Endangered relations: negotiating sex and AIDS in Thailand", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2143851936", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "democracy and war the end of an illusion by errol a henderson boulder co lynne rienner publishers 2002 190p 48 00 cloth 18 95 paper", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "1930272987" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democracy and War: The End of an Illusion? By Errol A. Henderson. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002. 190p. $48.00 cloth, $18.95 paper", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2312397553", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "making good citizens education and civil society edited by diane ravitch and joseph p viteritti new haven yale university press 2001 368p 35 00", "label": [ "513891491", "189914265" ], "author": [ "2106218740" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Making Good Citizens: Education and Civil Society . Edited by Diane Ravitch and Joseph P. Viteritti. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2001. 368p. $35.00", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2044524272", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2003", "title": "collateral damage humanitarian assistance as a cause of conflict", "label": [ "187155963" ], "author": [ "1977386652" ], "reference": [ "167024707", "215735449", "245881239", "378722381", "614535643", "652406174", "652617037", "655573348", "1487164662", "1523862915", "1531069750", "1548934394", "1555291350", "1974924624", "1988679281", "2011895237", "2016656648", "2042860791", "2045366430", "2052721555", "2089993618", "2137031748", "2188919864", "2242938598", "2585941252", "2598586765", "2798362759", "3186328616" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Collateral Damage: Humanitarian Assistance as a Cause of Conflict", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1997141194", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2003", "title": "enduring disorder and persistent poverty a review of the linkages between war and chronic poverty", "label": [ "187155963", "2776094956", "189326681", "2777483011" ], "author": [ "2084918057" ], "reference": [ "124159547", "152749031", "393506882", "418992326", "604664135", "640660848", "643895685", "655573348", "1509380488", "1523862915", "1531066878", "1564821820", "1576406732", "1576727408", "1587438999", "1747380081", "1985019862", "1997011088", "2016597511", "2025016959", "2044726132", "2050333529", "2054126680", "2062157695", "2095062357", "2095925338", "2096481851", "2107887768", "2115888101", "2123219467", "2131677195", "2137032409", "2148656541", "2148998985", "2182805489", "2588470475", "2616370557", "2916843633", "2953485445", "3124696419", "3141795530" ], "abstract": "abstract this paper examines the relationship between chronic poverty and violent conflict three types of potential linkage are examined a long term conflict causes chronic poverty b chronic poverty causes violent conflict grievance based analysis c resource wealth rather than chronic poverty causes violent conflict greed based analysis research to date has analyzed poverty war linkages but chronic poverty has not been a focus it is hypothesized that long term conflict is likely to be a driver and maintainer of chronic poverty but a relationship in the opposite direction is less likely i e the chronically poor are less likely to ferment violent conflict than the transiently poor the paper highlights the fact that current knowledge on poverty conflict links is contested and further research is required on chronic poverty and war", "title_raw": "Enduring Disorder and Persistent Poverty: A Review of the Linkages Between War and Chronic Poverty", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This paper examines the relationship between chronic poverty and violent conflict. Three types of potential linkage are examined: (a) long-term conflict causes chronic poverty, (b) chronic poverty causes violent conflict (grievance-based analysis), (c) resource wealth (rather than chronic poverty) causes violent conflict (greed-based analysis). Research to date has analyzed poverty-war linkages but chronic poverty has not been a focus. It is hypothesized that long-term conflict is likely to be a \u201cdriver\u201d and \u201cmaintainer\u201d of chronic poverty but a relationship in the opposite direction is less likely i.e., the chronically poor are less likely to ferment violent conflict than the transiently poor. The paper highlights the fact that current knowledge on poverty\u2013conflict links is contested and further research is required on chronic poverty and war." }, { "paper": "2795384331", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2003", "title": "voting with votes", "label": [ "520049643" ], "author": [ "2498765912", "2149534396", "2183649555" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Voting with Votes", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2365496220", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2003", "title": "elite education in the period of mass education", "label": [ "120912362" ], "author": [ "2672025610" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "institutions of elite education should not take the responsibility of mass education in order to lessen the pressure of elite education institutes brought about by the tendency of mass education we should transform from controlling development or speeding up development to appropriately developing in advance in terms of scaling speed of higher education growth as to the mode of higher education growth we should adopt the parallel development of connotative and external mode while stressing on the latter one or external development rather than connotative development higher institutes should develop respectively achieve its own characteristics and strive for leading position in each type and level", "title_raw": "Elite education in the period of mass education", "abstract_raw": "Institutions of elite education should not take the responsibility of mass education. In order to lessen the pressure of elite education institutes brought about by the tendency of mass education, we should transform from \"controlling development\" or \"speeding up development\" to \"appropriately developing in advance\" in terms of scaling speed of higher education growth. As to the mode of higher education growth, we should adopt \"the parallel development of connotative and external mode while stressing on the latter one\" or \"external development\" rather than \"connotative development\". Higher institutes should develop respectively, achieve its own characteristics and strive for leading position in each type and level." }, { "paper": "2285224126", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2003", "title": "brazil pledges to eliminate sexual exploitation of children new government reveals its plans to abolish sexual exploitation of children within 1 year", "label": [ "53001019", "2909996731", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2439421134" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the magnitude of commercial sexual exploitation of children in brazil is unknown both sexes are exploited but the vast majority are girls there are thought to be 100 000 500 000 girl prostitutes in brazil a figure rebuffed as too high by lauro monteiro filho president of abrapia a non governmental organisation for childhood and youth protection abrapia has operated a toll free national reporting line for the past 6 years of more than 5000 cases reported 63 were of sexual abuse and 37 of sexual exploitation 70 child prostitution 25 internet related and 3 sex tourism excerpt", "title_raw": "Brazil pledges to eliminate sexual exploitation of children. New government reveals its plans to abolish sexual exploitation of children within 1 year.", "abstract_raw": "The magnitude of commercial sexual exploitation of children in Brazil is unknown. Both sexes are exploited but the vast majority are girls. There are thought to be 100 000\u2013500 000 girl prostitutes in Brazil a figure rebuffed as too high by Lauro Monteiro Filho president of ABRAPIA a non-governmental organisation for childhood and youth protection. ABRAPIA has operated a toll-free national reporting line for the past 6 years; of more than 5000 cases reported 63% were of sexual abuse and 37% of sexual exploitation (70% child prostitution 25% internet-related and 3% sex tourism). (excerpt)" }, { "paper": "2803055241", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2003", "title": "paul friedland political actors representative bodies and theatricality in the age of the french revolution ithaca cornell university press 2002 pp ix 351 cloth 49 95 paper 21 00", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2034584043" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Paul Friedland. Political Actors: Representative Bodies and Theatricality in the Age of the French Revolution. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 2002. Pp. ix, 351. Cloth $49.95, paper $21.00", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1525743218", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "scientific workforce viewed from 1986 it s mostly downhill", "label": [ "2778139618", "39549134" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "advocacy groups claim that graduation rates for some scientific disciplines have declined since 1986 but those numbers represent a distorted snapshot of the scientific pipeline", "title_raw": "Scientific workforce. Viewed from 1986, it's mostly downhill.", "abstract_raw": "Advocacy groups claim that graduation rates for some scientific disciplines have declined since 1986. But those numbers represent a distorted snapshot of the scientific pipeline." }, { "paper": "2327311529", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "the legacies of liberalism path dependence and political regimes in central america by james mahoney baltimore johns hopkins university press 2001 416p 42 50", "label": [ "547727832", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2114022247" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Legacies of Liberalism: Path Dependence and Political Regimes in Central America . By James Mahoney. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. 416p. $42.50", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1592683202", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2003", "title": "the bulgarian academic profession in transition", "label": [ "120912362", "2776748549", "84309077" ], "author": [ "2684018772" ], "reference": [ "373557533", "2290528225" ], "abstract": "in this essay i analyze the current status of the academicprofession in bulgaria at a time of difficult socio economictransition after providing a brief overview of the historicaldevelopment of bulgarian academia i discuss faculty workingconditions the career path within the profession and the legalframework for the professoriate numerous problems with respectto finances institutional infrastructure and legal environmentchallenge the status quo of the bulgarian faculty the essaycloses by highlighting the future key issues for theacademic profession that focus around its finanacial viability difficulties in recruiting a new generation of scholars the qualityof teaching and learning and faculty entrepreneurship", "title_raw": "The Bulgarian academic profession in transition", "abstract_raw": "In this essay I analyze the current status of the academicprofession in Bulgaria at a time of difficult socio-economictransition. After providing a brief overview of the historicaldevelopment of Bulgarian academia, I discuss faculty workingconditions, the career path within the profession and the legalframework for the professoriate. Numerous problems with respectto finances, institutional infrastructure and legal environmentchallenge the status quo of the Bulgarian faculty. The essaycloses by highlighting the future key issues for theacademic profession that focus around its finanacial viability,difficulties in recruiting a new generation of scholars, the qualityof teaching and learning, and faculty entrepreneurship." }, { "paper": "1516307303", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "european union at odds again over stem cells", "label": [ "2780668109" ], "author": [ "2014282320" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "european unionberlin on 9 july the european commission proposed rules that would allow the use of e u research funds to derive new cell lines from embryos left over from fertility treatments but vehement opposition to the plan from several member countries could derail it", "title_raw": "European Union. At odds again over stem cells.", "abstract_raw": "EUROPEAN UNIONBERLIN-- On 9 July, the European Commission proposed rules that would allow the use of E.U. research funds to derive new cell lines from embryos left over from fertility treatments. But vehement opposition to the plan from several member countries could derail it." }, { "paper": "2798117554", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2003", "title": "notice cyberdemons regulating a truly world wide web", "label": [ "2779913896", "2779710374", "135349781" ], "author": [ "2797759865", "2796598457" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Notice: Cyberdemons: Regulating a Truly World-Wide Web", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2005640180", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "johannesburg 1 s t challenges", "label": [ "552854447" ], "author": [ "2058166093" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "t he first anniversary of the world summit on sustainable development johannesburg summit 2002 provides an occasion to assess our prospects for promoting the role of science and technology s t in development the announcement of a united nations un decade of education for sustainable", "title_raw": "Johannesburg + 1: S&T Challenges", "abstract_raw": "T he first anniversary of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Summit 2002) provides an occasion to assess our prospects for promoting the role of science and technology (S&T) in development. The announcement of a United Nations (UN) Decade of Education for Sustainable" }, { "paper": "2091578446", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2003", "title": "children locked away from human rights in the uk", "label": [ "3116431", "2777351106", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2905386849" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Children locked away from human rights in the UK.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2134798442", "venue": "90857023", "year": "2003", "title": "the second generation in belgium", "label": [ "70036468", "125505783", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2112723178", "2659838930", "2236902509" ], "reference": [ "655913853", "1512501490", "1572874981", "1989635663", "2021960041", "2066756789", "2146933042", "2326947062", "2526176722", "2570325360", "2768920265", "2946384568" ], "abstract": "a growing proportion of second generation moroccan and turkish youngsters in belgium are moving on to higher secondary education and beyond this trend is greater among moroccan youngsters than among their turkish peers turkish girls in particular are still married off at a young age which inevitably affects their educational opportunities despite higher participation rates for youngsters from immigrant backgrounds the educational gap with belgian pupils and students remains wide this is largely attributable to differences in socioeconomic background it appears that the concentration of second generation immigrant pupils in certain schools is also a major explanatory factor despite their increased participation in education second generation immigrants are still not well represented in the labor market and they are moreover employed mostly in less favorable segments of that market an interesting development among second generation immigrants is the polarization that is taking place in relation to the significance of islam a growing number of second generation youngsters are opting for a more secular way of life while an increasingly large group is choosing islamist ideologies or at least a more conscious form of islam for young people of the second generation who often have little to hold on to socially islamism can provide a transparent supportive and all embracing frame of reference", "title_raw": "The Second Generation in Belgium", "abstract_raw": "A growing proportion of second-generation Moroccan and Turkish youngsters in Belgium are moving on to higher secondary education and beyond. This trend is greater among Moroccan youngsters than among their Turkish peers. Turkish girls in particular are still married off at a young age, which inevitably affects their educational opportunities. Despite higher participation rates for youngsters from immigrant backgrounds, the educational gap with Belgian pupils and students remains wide. This is largely attributable to differences in socioeconomic background. It appears that the concentration of second-generation immigrant pupils in certain schools is also a major explanatory factor. Despite their increased participation in education, second-generation immigrants are still not well represented in the labor market and they are, moreover, employed mostly in less favorable segments of that market. An interesting development among second-generation immigrants is the polarization that is taking place in relation to the significance of Islam. A growing number of second-generation youngsters are opting for a more secular way of life, while an increasingly large group is choosing Islamist ideologies or at least a more conscious form of Islam. For young people of the second generation, who often have little to hold on to socially, Islamism can provide a transparent, supportive, and all-embracing frame of reference." }, { "paper": "1969401051", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2003", "title": "the federal spending power in canada nation building or nation destroying", "label": [ "148834064", "3116431", "32558149", "533735693", "65414064", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2589165098" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "for the past 40 years the federal spending power in canada has been one of the most contentious issues in federal provincial relations and it has been central to quebec s dissatisfaction with the canadian federation the dispute is rooted in two different conceptions of federalism and different perceptions of the federal compact in canada english speaking canadians tend to view the federal spending power as the source of highly valued national social programs while the government of quebec maintains that the federal spending power constitutes an invasion of provincial autonomy and as such poses a threat to the cultural distinctiveness of the quebec nation the governments of canada and quebec have reached a tenuous modus operandi but the fundamental conflict remains unsolved copyright 2003 oxford university press", "title_raw": "The Federal Spending Power in Canada: Nation-Building or Nation-Destroying?", "abstract_raw": "For the past 40 years, the federal spending power in Canada has been one of the most contentious issues in federal-provincial relations, and it has been central to Quebec's dissatisfaction with the Canadian federation. The dispute is rooted in two different conceptions of federalism and different perceptions of the federal compact in Canada. English-speaking Canadians tend to view the federal spending power as the source of highly valued \u201cnational\u201d social programs, while the government of Quebec maintains that the federal spending power constitutes an invasion of provincial autonomy and, as such, poses a threat to the cultural distinctiveness of the Quebec nation. The governments of Canada and Quebec have reached a tenuous modus operandi, but the fundamental conflict remains unsolved. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press." }, { "paper": "2444579512", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2003", "title": "politics and policymaking in search of simplicity", "label": [ "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2313707525" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Politics and Policymaking: In Search of Simplicity", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2080831358", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2003", "title": "brazilian science under new management", "label": [ "2775987171" ], "author": [ "2571644275" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "after decades of rule by first the military and then parties associated with the privileged elite brazil now has a left wing president david adam considers the implications for the country s science", "title_raw": "Brazilian science: Under new management.", "abstract_raw": "After decades of rule by first the military and then parties associated with the privileged elite, Brazil now has a left-wing president. David Adam considers the implications for the country's science." }, { "paper": "1542711098", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2003", "title": "cultural formations of post communism emancipation transition nation and war review", "label": [ "542948173", "2781153986" ], "author": [ "209257082" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Cultural Formations of Post-Communism: Emancipation, Transition, Nation, and War (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2161421543", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2003", "title": "advertising controversial products in the asia pacific what makes them offensive", "label": [ "2779442243", "96420161", "119232533" ], "author": [ "1853476056", "2160047952" ], "reference": [ "10077100", "826506647", "935134872", "1483960241", "1507561461", "1528843911", "1537936216", "1590751521", "1600778203", "1812217105", "1972847522", "1978311462", "1987595265", "1995404290", "2001567988", "2006207775", "2039487643", "2063213599", "2076365199", "2077266354", "2078949370", "2093611241", "2140918013", "2142361186", "2162301419", "2217984376", "2269987723", "2270919730", "2317013852", "2324216379", "2326760162", "2415234306", "2499571256", "2798304687", "3000698286", "3128681799" ], "abstract": "the advertising of controversial products services and the use of controversial images to cut through the clutter in the marketplace appears to be increasing around the world however apart from the general ethical issue regarding the deliberate use of controversial offensive images for public viewing that may offend some people it is important to determine what makes a controversial advertisement offensive a questionnaire was distributed to 1014 students across four different countries in the asia pacific region to determine what type of products are seen as offensive and the reasons they are offensive the results present some important implications for international marketers", "title_raw": "Advertising Controversial Products in the Asia Pacific: What Makes Them Offensive?", "abstract_raw": "The advertising of controversial products/services and the use of controversial images to \"cut through the clutter\" in the marketplace appears to be increasing around the world. However, apart from the general ethical issue regarding the deliberate use of controversial/offensive images for public viewing that may offend some people, it is important to determine what makes a controversial advertisement offensive? A questionnaire was distributed to 1014 students across four different countries in the Asia Pacific region to determine what type of products are seen as offensive and the reasons they are offensive. The results present some important implications for international marketers." }, { "paper": "1631417698", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2003", "title": "syngenta ends plant research deal with berkeley", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2225880523" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Syngenta ends plant-research deal with Berkeley.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3048551361", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2003", "title": "the spirit of international law book", "label": [ "55447825", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2761697621" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Spirit of International Law (Book)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1997269317", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2003", "title": "american secret intelligence a review essay", "label": [ "203133693", "558872910", "54589662", "2778299913", "528167355" ], "author": [ "1586561789" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "at least two major approaches underly all types of intelligence collection activity one is the traditional method the province of the spy the second is the selective and creative adaptation of scientific method giving rise to the genus known in the trade as technical collection each of these methods has its uses and each contributes to any comprehensive intelligence program both have histories of great interest and possibilities that are quite important in today s world each of the methods is dissected in one of these books individually and together the volumes offer informed commentary on issues that need to be understood much better especially given the necessity of defending against terrorism and other contemporary threats the analysts here are highly qualified to conduct these studies in the spirit of disclosure i acknowledge being well acquainted with both of them rhodri jeffreys jones is an american history specialist at the university of edinburgh in scotland in addition to excursions examining violence in america and the peace movement during the vietnam war jeffreys jones has written two previous books on the central intelligence agency cia as well as edited collections and published papers on the subject jeffrey t richelson has written widely in the field and is today a senior fellow at the national security archive in washington dc among his works are books on satellite collection of information foreign spy services espionage through the twentieth century and a guide to the u s intelligence community that has appeared in four editions", "title_raw": "American Secret Intelligence: A Review Essay", "abstract_raw": "At least two major approaches underly all types of intelligence collection activity. One is the traditional method, the province of the spy. The second is the selective and creative adaptation of scientific method, giving rise to the genus known in the trade as \"technical collection.\" Each of these methods has its uses and each contributes to any comprehensive intelligence program. Both have histories of great interest and possibilities that are quite important in today's world. Each of the methods is dissected in one of these books.' Individually and together the volumes offer informed commentary on issues that need to be understood much better, especially given the necessity of defending against terrorism and other contemporary threats. The analysts here are highly qualified to conduct these studies. In the spirit of disclosure, I acknowledge being well acquainted with both of them. Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones is an American history specialist at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. In addition to excursions examining violence in America and the peace movement during the Vietnam war, Jeffreys-Jones has written two previous books on the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) as well as edited collections and published papers on the subject. Jeffrey T. Richelson has written widely in the field and is today a senior fellow at the National Security Archive in Washington, DC. Among his works are books on satellite collection of information, foreign spy services, espionage through the twentieth century, and a guide to the U.S. intelligence community that has appeared in four editions." }, { "paper": "2019381750", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2003", "title": "media giant and foundation team up to fight hiv aids", "label": [ "558299567", "2780966255", "113807197", "2780110086", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2410319532" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "us media giant viacom and the san francisco based kaiser family foundation have launched one of the most ambitious hiv aids media campaigns ever in which they will use the tools honed by madison avenue and hollywood to fight the epidemic for the initiative called know hiv aids viacom and the foundation will produce a campaign of public service announcements and print and outdoor advertising worth us 120 million viacom has also issued a directive to the producers of its television shows to include storylines in their popular dramas and comedies that will raise aids awareness and encourage prevention testing and counselling excerpt", "title_raw": "Media giant and foundation team up to fight HIV/AIDS", "abstract_raw": "US media giant Viacom and the San Francisco-based Kaiser Family Foundation have launched one of the most ambitious HIV/AIDS media campaigns ever in which they will use the tools honed by Madison Avenue and Hollywood to fight the epidemic. For the initiative called KNOW HIV/AIDS Viacom and the foundation will produce a campaign of public service announcements and print and outdoor advertising worth US$120 million. Viacom has also issued a directive to the producers of its television shows to include storylines in their popular dramas and comedies that will raise AIDS awareness and encourage prevention testing and counselling. (excerpt)" }, { "paper": "2053363729", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2003", "title": "politics hindering sars work", "label": [ "39549134", "94625758", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2140777222" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Politics hindering SARS work.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1967875522", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "iberian trade unionism democratization under the impact of the european union by jose magone new brunswick nj transaction 2001 335p 49 95", "label": [ "17058734" ], "author": [ "2715486978" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Iberian Trade Unionism: Democratization under the Impact of the European Union. By Jos\u00e9 Magone. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 2001. 335p. $49.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1974531536", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2003", "title": "does membership have its privileges entrance into the council of europe and compliance with human rights norms", "label": [ "169437150", "199539241", "125559964" ], "author": [ "2579853847" ], "reference": [ "149816874", "622161176", "624770364", "658736591", "1495593927", "1964191550", "1978918752", "2003573179", "2019566739", "2058047543", "2070111718", "2079643502", "2082570199", "2095688137", "2115706034", "2122194975", "2155424107", "2166735555", "2171634342", "2208178097", "2313700458", "2799748754", "3124245351" ], "abstract": "this article examines the role of the council of europe in promoting human rights in twenty one former soviet bloc countries using three cases the author argues that constructivist approaches best inform the process of norm diffusion in countries of high compliance latvia while neoliberal and neorealist approaches better explain why norm diffusion is less successful in medium croatia and low compliance russia countries she concludes that the council decided it is more effective to persuade new entrants to conform to european human rights standards as members than to wait years until they have reached a high level of compliance before rewarding them with membership", "title_raw": "Does Membership Have Its Privileges?: Entrance into the Council of Europe and Compliance with Human Rights Norms", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the role of the Council of Europe in promoting human rights in twenty-one former Soviet bloc countries. Using three cases, the author argues that constructivist approaches best inform the process of norm diffusion in countries of high compliance (Latvia), while neoliberal and neorealist approaches better explain why norm diffusion is less successful in medium (Croatia) and low-compliance (Russia) countries. She concludes that the Council decided it is more effective to persuade new entrants to conform to European human rights standards as members than to wait years until they have reached a high level of compliance before rewarding them with membership." }, { "paper": "2172130436", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2003", "title": "market civilization and its clash with terror", "label": [ "81631423", "189326681", "103511597", "203133693", "118813454", "122302079", "94625758", "2779220109" ], "author": [ "2066379768" ], "reference": [ "203728217", "379602626", "562146015", "563666214", "637665259", "642947863", "658356749", "1483897237", "1500829183", "1515223652", "1530945432", "1557661352", "1583763311", "1593602228", "1596169349", "1597138867", "1886723030", "1894666189", "1964665347", "1966746105", "1969792166", "1972598238", "1978918752", "1983126409", "1986713131", "1987566178", "1995659066", "2015057710", "2016152630", "2019832065", "2019976968", "2021500437", "2030870118", "2034764972", "2038407757", "2038858335", "2041523757", "2041887672", "2049015428", "2050497867", "2056451351", "2056832615", "2064220040", "2064531412", "2068547968", "2073045011", "2081228936", "2084528250", "2085239713", "2087933684", "2099151035", "2101231165", "2101498657", "2101736928", "2113160183", "2117963689", "2125058066", "2125353502", "2128465202", "2128931392", "2135035101", "2139257307", "2143735948", "2147574293", "2160551229", "2166735555", "2175723801", "2328922361", "2487785912", "2560120103", "2796599699", "2802379940", "3026262618" ], "abstract": "that war is politics by other means is a reminder that the primary goal of the war against terror is not to defeat and eliminate those who aim to attack the united states and its allies rather it is to enhance the security of the american people and their allies these goals are the same only if terrorist organizations such as al qaeda are isolated groups of criminals that need only be found and dealt with swiftly but if al qaeda and its associated groups represent the values and beliefs of substantial numbers of people and all signs indicate that this is the case then defeating these groups will not end the struggle against terror only by changing the values and beliefs of supporters of terrorist groups can the united states and its allies expect to achieve this objective to win the war against terror the united states and its allies must have both a military strategy and a political strategy achieving political victory requires an understanding of the social basis of terror that is the values and beliefs that legitimate the use of extreme and indiscriminate violence against the civilian populations of out groups such understanding will not reveal much about terror groups that seem to lack social support such as the basque terrorists in spain but it will help to reduce the inouence of those groups that appear to enjoy widespread support such as al qaeda seeking to understand the motivations of terrorists however should not be confused with empathizing with them or acquiescing on issues that terrorists and their supporters claim motivate them some scholars have sought to link poverty with terror poverty they argue fosters terror because it creates a sense of hopelessness restricts educational opportunity and produces frustration over inequality 1 the direct causal linkages between poverty and terror are more elusive than scholars suggest howmarket civilization and its clash with terror", "title_raw": "Market Civilization and Its Clash with Terror", "abstract_raw": "that war is politics by other means is a reminder that the primary goal of the war against terror is not to defeat and eliminate those who aim to attack the United States and its allies. Rather it is to enhance the security of the American people and their allies. These goals are the same only if terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda are isolated groups of criminals that need only be found and dealt with swiftly. But if al-Qaeda and its associated groups represent the values and beliefs of substantial numbers of people, and all signs indicate that this is the case, then defeating these groups will not end the struggle against terror. Only by changing the values and beliefs of supporters of terrorist groups can the United States and its allies expect to achieve this objective. To win the war against terror, the United States and its allies must have both a military strategy and a political strategy. Achieving political victory requires an understanding of the social basis of terror\u2014that is, the values and beliefs that legitimate the use of extreme and indiscriminate violence against the civilian populations of out-groups. Such understanding will not reveal much about terror groups that seem to lack social support, such as the Basque terrorists in Spain, but it will help to reduce the inouence of those groups that appear to enjoy widespread support, such as al-Qaeda. Seeking to understand the motivations of terrorists, however, should not be confused with empathizing with them or acquiescing on issues that terrorists and their supporters claim motivate them. Some scholars have sought to link poverty with terror. Poverty, they argue, fosters terror because it creates a sense of hopelessness, restricts educational opportunity, and produces frustration over inequality.1 The direct causal linkages between poverty and terror are more elusive than scholars suggest, howMarket Civilization and Its Clash with Terror" }, { "paper": "1573646337", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "doe breaks with tradition puts los alamos up for bids", "label": [ "71750763", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2343143953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "DOE Breaks With Tradition, Puts Los Alamos Up for Bids", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2007096744", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2003", "title": "technology evolution and citizen activism the net and the rebirth of limited government", "label": [ "514942387", "197768897", "3116431", "94625758", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2662617857" ], "reference": [ "1973724133", "2020007948" ], "abstract": "stuart nagel s scholarship often focused on how technology shaped policy this link constantly evolves as political activists seek new advantages the internet has greatly altered today s activism by sharply reducing information costs this transformation is well illustrated in school politics and tax avoidance disgruntled parents no longer need to fight the education establishment directly non public school alternatives such as home schooling are now far easier thanks to the net the net has also greatly facilitated tax avoidance by democratizing offshore banking these options now constrain washington and thus restore a degree of limited government once almost unthinkable", "title_raw": "Technology Evolution and Citizen Activism: The Net and the Rebirth of Limited Government", "abstract_raw": "Stuart Nagel's scholarship often focused on how technology shaped policy. This link constantly evolves as political activists seek new advantages. The Internet has greatly altered today's activism by sharply reducing information costs. This transformation is well illustrated in school politics and tax avoidance. Disgruntled parents no longer need to fight the education establishment directly\u2014non-public school alternatives such as home schooling are now far easier thanks to the Net. The Net has also greatly facilitated tax avoidance by \u201cdemocratizing\u201d offshore banking. These options now constrain Washington and thus restore a degree of limited government once almost unthinkable." }, { "paper": "2054531002", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2003", "title": "thumbs up instructional support for sixteen international politics texts", "label": [ "34355311" ], "author": [ "2280660009" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Thumbs Up: Instructional Support for Sixteen International Politics Texts", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2060586157", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2003", "title": "critics slam us over plans to use riot control chemicals in the gulf", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2120133679" ], "reference": [ "2085163130" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Critics slam US over plans to use riot-control chemicals in the Gulf.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1966765839", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2003", "title": "capitalizing on contention issue agendas in u s senate campaigns", "label": [ "558299567", "199539241", "3116431", "83009810", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2697271483" ], "reference": [ "571363641", "610650680", "652525449", "1964790476", "1975967432", "1977999485", "2002451181", "2011824355", "2012925971", "2044508904", "2062962096", "2097065645", "2115608187", "2137441478", "2165642200", "2314311938", "2321110088", "2325418907", "2329173126", "2331825249", "2332776295" ], "abstract": "this abstract addresses the divergent views that political scientists and members of congress have about the role of issues in congressional campaigns the scholarly perspective is based on the assumption that issues and policy are relatively unimportant in the relationship between members and their constituents in contrast the political parties in congress devote a substantial amount of time and attention to developing an effective issue agenda for the campaign season the research presented in this article is a systematic study of u s senate candidates campaign messages that assesses the impact of the parties agenda setting efforts during the election year session the parties efforts are compared with mass media major legislative accomplishments and party issue ownership as alternative sources of agenda setting in campaigns the results of this study indicate that senate candidates do emphasize certain issues in their campaigns and that the contentious election year issues associated with party", "title_raw": "Capitalizing on Contention: Issue Agendas in U.S. Senate Campaigns", "abstract_raw": "This abstract addresses the divergent views that political scientists and members of Congress have about the role of issues in congressional campaigns. The scholarly perspective is based on the assumption that issues and policy are relatively unimportant in the relationship between members and their constituents. In contrast, the political parties in Congress devote a substantial amount of time and attention to developing an effective issue agenda for the campaign season. The research presented in this article is a systematic study of U.S. Senate candidates' campaign messages that assesses the impact of the parties' agenda setting efforts during the election year session. The parties' efforts are compared with mass media, major legislative accomplishments, and party issue ownership as alternative sources of agenda setting in campaigns. The results of this study indicate that Senate candidates do emphasize certain issues in their campaigns and that the contentious election year issues associated with party..." }, { "paper": "2782554641", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2003", "title": "managing airports an international perspective", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2893855641" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Managing airports: an international perspective", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2076768800", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2003", "title": "forgotten refugees and other displaced populations", "label": [ "173145845", "2779872411", "94625758", "169437150", "13934251" ], "author": [ "2154317473", "2016256290" ], "reference": [ "2047782512", "2093523325" ], "abstract": "the wars in afghanistan in 2002 and iraq in 2003 have focused the world s attention and siphoned much funding away from other humanitarian crises emergencies such as those in colombia the democratic republic of congo drc guinea ivory coast liberia sierra leone and southern sudan are equally or more serious in respect of human suffering and lives lost governments provision of aid to afghanistan and iraq irrespective of the motives underlying it is laudable and indicates that with sufficient political will there are enough resources to assist in refugee situations however in 2002 many refugee programmes especially in africa were forced to cut up to a third of their budgets with serious consequences in their capacity to provide basic lifesaving services further cuts are likely for 2003 these tragedies are on a second tier in terms of political or media attention and funding however a third tier of protracted refugee and internally displaced person idp situations receives even less attention consequently such situations are chronically underfunded and often have little hope of resolution in the near future it is difficult to quantify the health human rights and economic consequences for these forgotten refugees in this report we consider a few of these populations and call on the international community to address them properly and equitably excerpt", "title_raw": "Forgotten refugees and other displaced populations.", "abstract_raw": "The wars in Afghanistan in 2002 and Iraq in 2003 have focused the world\u2019s attention and siphoned much funding away from other humanitarian crises. Emergencies such as those in Colombia the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Guinea Ivory Coast Liberia Sierra Leone and southern Sudan are equally or more serious in respect of human suffering and lives lost. Governments\u2019 provision of aid to Afghanistan and Iraq irrespective of the motives underlying it is laudable and indicates that with sufficient political will there are enough resources to assist in refugee situations. However in 2002 many refugee programmes especially in Africa were forced to cut up to a third of their budgets with serious consequences in their capacity to provide basic lifesaving services. Further cuts are likely for 2003. These tragedies are on a second- tier in terms of political or media attention and funding. However a third tier of protracted refugee and internally displaced person (IDP) situations receives even less attention. Consequently such situations are chronically underfunded and often have little hope of resolution in the near future. It is difficult to quantify the health human rights and economic consequences for these forgotten refugees. In this report we consider a few of these populations and call on the international community to address them properly and equitably. (excerpt)" }, { "paper": "2947770870", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2003", "title": "adeed dawisha arab nationalism in the twentieth century from triumph to despair princeton princeton university press 2003 pp vi 340 29 95", "label": [ "521449643" ], "author": [ "2163010608" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Adeed Dawisha. Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2003. Pp. vi, 340. $29.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2799700355", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2003", "title": "the paradox of american power why the world s only superpower can t go it alone book", "label": [ "2776051254", "2780219775" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Paradox of American Power: Why the World's Only Superpower Can't Go It Alone (Book)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2801214190", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2003", "title": "renovating politics in contemporary vietnam", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "667795068", "2630978244" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Renovating Politics in Contemporary Vietnam", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2070496012", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "global political campaigning a worldwide analysis of campaign professionals and their practices by fritz plasser with gunda plasser new york praeger 2002 424p 64 95", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2088143501" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Global Political Campaigning: A Worldwide Analysis of Campaign Professionals and Their Practices . By Fritz Plasser with Gunda Plasser. New York: Praeger, 2002. 424p. $64.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2011501493", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2003", "title": "debating human rights in china a conceptual and political history by marina svensson lanham md and oxford rowman and littlefield 2002 389 pp 29 95 isbn 0 7425 1697 0 the chinese human rights reader by stephen c angle and marina svensson armonk ny and london m e sharpe 2001 476 pp 29 95 isbn 0 7656 0693 3", "label": [ "60671577", "2780560020", "532726627", "152192407", "191935318", "169437150", "2779442243", "2779354276" ], "author": [ "2509072400" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "talk of asian values seems to have abated those who promoted such values in order to license disregard for international human rights standards touted the logic that anything originated in western culture is only valid in countries of western cultural heritage and should not be applied elsewhere human rights originated in western culture therefore they should not be applied in asia", "title_raw": "Debating Human Rights in China: A Conceptual and Political History. By MARINA SVENSSON. [Lanham, MD and Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002. 389 pp. $29.95. ISBN 0-7425-1697-0.] The Chinese Human Rights Reader. By STEPHEN C. ANGLE and MARINA SVENSSON. [Armonk, NY and London: M. E. Sharpe, 2001. 476 pp. $29.95. ISBN 0-7656-0693-3.]", "abstract_raw": "Talk of \u2018Asian values\u2019 seems to have abated. Those who promoted such \u2018values\u2019 in order to license disregard for international human rights standards touted the \u2018logic\u2019 that \u2018anything originated in Western culture is only valid in countries of Western cultural heritage and should not be applied elsewhere; human rights originated in Western culture. Therefore, they should not be applied in Asia.\u2019" }, { "paper": "2023360977", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2003", "title": "cultural attractions and european tourism greg richards ed cabi publishing wallingford 2001 x 259pp isbn 0 85199 440 7 hbk", "label": [ "18918823" ], "author": [ "2583591358" ], "reference": [ "230731290", "1951402435", "2053120142" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Cultural attractions and European tourism: Greg Richards (Ed.); CABI Publishing, Wallingford, 2001, x+259pp., ISBN 0-85199-440-7 (hbk)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1668937271", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "public health bush pledges 15 billion to combat aids in 14 countries", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "public healthpresident george w bush pledged last week to triple u s spending on aids internationally to 15 billion over the next 5 years but some in the public health community are disappointed that the bush plan largely sidesteps a year old international fund that they say has a much better shot at stemming the epidemic", "title_raw": "Public health. Bush pledges $15 billion to combat AIDS in 14 countries.", "abstract_raw": "PUBLIC HEALTHPresident George W. Bush pledged last week to triple U.S. spending on AIDS internationally to $15 billion over the next 5 years. But some in the public health community are disappointed that the Bush plan largely sidesteps a year-old international fund that they say has a much better shot at stemming the epidemic." }, { "paper": "2033995266", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2003", "title": "the revolution in military affairs implications for canada and natoby elinor c sloan", "label": [ "3116431", "189326492" ], "author": [ "2105238170" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Revolution in Military Affairs: Implications for Canada and NATOby Elinor C. Sloan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2123447403", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2003", "title": "the making of zhishifenzi the critical impact of the registration of unemployed intellectuals in the early prc", "label": [ "2775987171", "542948173", "2776398702", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2651950381" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "existing research on chinese intellectuals naturalizes the category which is a social construction whose membership attributes and political significance stem from state and society interactions recounting an urban registration campaign for unemployed intellectuals this article describes the critical moment in which the communist party institutionalized its definition of zhishifenzi and local tensions appeared between officials and intellectuals due to high unemployment state specifications and administrative disorganization the campaign absorbed former kuomingtang agents expelled state employees non specialists housewives social deviants and legally unqualified individuals into the intellectual category it reinforced longstanding communist prejudices that intellectuals were politically morally and professionally suspicious the article suggests that research on chinese intellectuals may break new ground theoretically and empirically by focusing upon social practices that reproduce the intellectual category beyond the elite level", "title_raw": "The Making of Zhishifenzi : The Critical Impact of the Registration of Unemployed Intellectuals in the Early PRC", "abstract_raw": "Existing research on Chinese intellectuals naturalizes the category, which is a social construction whose membership, attributes and political significance stem from state and society interactions. Recounting an urban registration campaign for unemployed intellectuals, this article describes the critical moment in which the Communist Party institutionalized its definition of zhishifenzi and local tensions appeared between officials and intellectuals. Due to high unemployment, state specifications and administrative disorganization, the campaign absorbed former Kuomingtang agents, expelled state employees, non-specialists, housewives, social deviants and legally unqualified individuals into the intellectual category. It reinforced longstanding Communist prejudices that intellectuals were politically, morally and professionally suspicious. The article suggests that research on Chinese intellectuals may break new ground, theoretically and empirically, by focusing upon social practices that reproduce the intellectual category beyond the elite level." }, { "paper": "1982770380", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2003", "title": "child poverty in canada and the rights of the child", "label": [ "196777733", "2781171240", "82326809", "2780608745", "2781044819" ], "author": [ "2671391846", "1562916230" ], "reference": [ "192129595", "283588073", "563994582", "574780082", "582923826", "594215323", "607831212", "632028418", "643168240", "1505613536", "1537259130", "1546998137", "1564183871", "1996395718", "2016679285", "2025620266", "2026867528", "2032436131", "2032982813", "2033048997", "2037974958", "2038893287", "2048443384", "2074777917", "2078832344", "2104239643", "2169443829", "2329811205", "2594477229" ], "abstract": "the purpose of this article is to examine the problem of child poverty in canada in light of canada s commitments under the united nations convention on the rights of the child by ratifying the convention in 1991 canada was obligated to advance the basic economic security rights of children under article 27 a particular problem as canada recognized was child poverty in accord with the convention canada took important measures to overcome the problem however child poverty has persisted as a serious problem putting at risk the exercise of children s rights in ways that are more far reaching than often thought", "title_raw": "Child Poverty in Canada and the Rights of the Child", "abstract_raw": "The purpose of this article is to examine the problem of child poverty in Canada in light of Canada\u2019s commitments under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. By ratifying the Convention in 1991, Canada was obligated to advance the basic economic security rights of children under Article 27. A particular problem, as Canada recognized, was child poverty. In accord with the Convention, Canada took important measures to overcome the problem. However, child poverty has persisted as a serious problem, putting at risk the exercise of children\u2019s rights in ways that are more far-reaching than often thought." }, { "paper": "2170542384", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2003", "title": "does racial redistricting cause conservative policy outcomes policy preferences of southern representatives in the 1980s and 1990s", "label": [ "2776398702", "3116431", "2781213906", "2778477362", "86532276", "2781287902" ], "author": [ "2184603816" ], "reference": [ "1977825494", "1985194351", "1991598198", "2083733681", "2097499687", "2160608238", "2170342636", "2314814517", "2328698704", "3121882910", "3123023186" ], "abstract": "this research note uses a median legislator model to assess the claim that racial redistricting leads to conservative policy outcomes i examine policy preferences of southern representatives to the u s house in the late 1980s and early 1990s surprisingly the fraction of southern representatives who were liberal that is to the left of the house median increased after racial redistricting to explain this empirical pattern i develop a simple formal model of redistricting s electoral effects in the model racial redistricting in a conservative state increases the number of members of that state s delegation to the left of the u s house median thereby moving national policy outcomes to the left", "title_raw": "Does Racial Redistricting Cause Conservative Policy Outcomes? Policy Preferences of Southern Representatives in the 1980s and 1990s", "abstract_raw": "This research note uses a median legislator model to assess the claim that racial redistricting leads to conservative policy outcomes. I examine policy preferences of southern representatives to the U.S. House in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Surprisingly, the fraction of southern representatives who were liberal, that is, to the left of the House median, increased after racial redistricting. To explain this empirical pattern, I develop a simple formal model of redistricting's electoral effects. In the model, racial redistricting in a conservative state increases the number of members of that state's delegation to the left of the U.S. House median, thereby moving national policy outcomes to the left." }, { "paper": "2109956533", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2003", "title": "from passive to active representation the case of women congressional staff", "label": [ "2777351106", "2778760751", "2776007630", "2777632292", "51575053", "39549134", "65414064", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "1967073922", "2893230155" ], "reference": [ "24643556", "57257504", "321367128", "399513967", "592061049", "1515771701", "1978594020", "1981314212", "1999461840", "2025107862", "2055474187", "2061207705", "2065115121", "2071086526", "2072228163", "2079649097", "2095530998", "2107265378", "2119129636", "2139387599", "2147169821", "2160231918", "2161678477", "2317975391", "2327270836", "2333861950", "2334008882", "2334940908", "2743695387", "3000458392", "3147267758" ], "abstract": "missing from most studies of congressional staff is the insight gained from the representative bureaucracy literature that descriptive characteristics may affect the behavior of unelected bureaucrats in considering congressional representation as an activity mediated by staff we ask does descriptive representation of congressional committee staff lead to substantive representation we explore this question using gender as our descriptive characteristic of interest we produce a typology of staff roles developed through in depth interviews about two cases that illustrate how institutional factors affect and constrain women staffers contributions as substantive representatives for issues concerning women we posit that passive representation translates into the active representation only when 1 interest groups hold expectations for passive representation on an issue and then in turn demand some level of active representation 2 a staff member possesses the necessary resources of interest expertise and status and 3 the opportunity structure of member staff relations staff autonomy and political salience coincide when these conditions are less than optimal active representation will not occur on a day to day basis there is nothing that members do in the modem legislature that is not affected by their staffs rundquist schneider and pauls 1992 in congress staff outnumber their elected principals by a ratio of 45 1 omstein mann and malbin 1998 staffers arrange meetings confer with constituents write speeches prepare questions research policy alternatives provide political and technical advice draft legislation communicate with interest groups negotiate with staff representing other members and interested groups field complaints or inquiries from activists on and off capitol hill do favors for other members offices and assist with whatever else may be required of members in effect staffers walk in the shadows of representatives and senators bisnow 1990 p 23 the study of congressional staff has produced a modest line of research within the field of legislative studies many previous studies of congressional staff have mostly described congressional staff offices e g kofmehl 1977 fox and hammond 1977 ducharme 1970 allsbrook 1977 stenger 1980 congressional management foundation 1995 or they have specified different roles career paths and working styles of staff e g price 1971 romzek and utter 1997 degregorio 1988 the primary motivations for much of this atjournal of public administration research and theory vol 13 no 1 pp 65 82 2003 journal of public administration research and theory inc this content downloaded from 157 55 39 148 on fri 16 dec 2016 07 41 19 utc all use subject to http about jstor org terms 66 journal of public administration research and theory tention have been to investigate the impact of staff growth on the members malbin 1981 degregorio 1988 and 1994 to understand the degree of responsiveness of and turnover within the large legislative bureaucracy salisbury and shepsle 1981 a or to consider forms and mechanisms of accountability romzek 2000 these investigations explore in some fashion the impact of staff on the function of representation but only rarely has the variable of gender factored into these analyses we employ the concepts and terminology of representative bureaucracy for insight into the representational roles of congressional committee staff congressional staff are engaged in representation that is both passive a synonym for pitkin s 1967 descriptive representation emphasizing the shared demographic characteristics that allow the representative to stand for others and active what pitkin calls substantive representation focusing on the representative s ability to act on behalf of others scholars of representative bureaucracy assert that administrative personnel should be responsive to elected officials and they argue that demographic correspondence between the bureaucrats and the public they serve enhances representation and optimizes bureaucratic outcomes committee staffers are particularly well suited for offering insight concerning the dynamics of passive and active representation committee staffers are unlike personal staff whose absolute obligations to members are straightforward and clear because they are hired by the chair or ranking member committee staff will have a personal and structural connection to that member but at the same time committee staff serve other committee members and are immersed in policy issues with many segments of the public thus committee staffers confront competing expectations of responsiveness and obligation to the institution to different members to party and to their policy areas which may include a whole host of external groups with policy demands by contrast personal legislative aides are often policy generalists and leadership staff specialize in procedural and political expertise degregorio 1997 the model we propose is similar in purpose and substance to the typology of administrative discretion proposed by richard c box 1992 box posits three levels of administrative discretion i e trustees interpreters and delegates thus providing nuance to the sometimes dualistic concept of discretion or its absence as does box s typology our typology of congressional staff influence implies a certain level of discretion staff members are able to accrue and use more important we believe our typology contributes new insight not only to an understanding of the representational behavior of congressional committee staff but also to an appreciation of variants of the minority representative role posited by scholars of representative bureaucracy selden brudney and kellough 1998 following a discussion of prior research and theory we will present a typology of staff roles our model grows out of an inductive research effort based on exploratory in depth interviews with congressional committee staff the semistructured interview protocol was designed to allow committee staff to talk about their roles and whether they perceived a staff linkage between descriptive and substantive representation the interviews were conducted with twenty staff during 1999 and 2000 around two issues that were selected because of their gendered dimensions we present the two cases that undergird our theory building effort after we introduce the model", "title_raw": "From Passive to Active Representation: The Case of Women Congressional Staff", "abstract_raw": "Missing from most studies of congressional staff is the insight gained from the representative bureaucracy literature that descriptive characteristics may affect the behavior of unelected bureaucrats. In considering congressional representation as an activity mediated by staff, we ask: Does descriptive representation of congressional committee staff lead to substantive representation? We explore this question, using gender as our descriptive characteristic of interest. We produce a typology of staff roles developed through in-depth interviews about two cases that illustrate how institutional factors affect and constrain women staffers' contributions as substantive representatives for issues concerning women. We posit that passive representation translates into the active representation only when: 1) interest groups hold expectations for passive representation on an issue and then in turn demand some level of active representation; 2) a staff member possesses the necessary resources of interest, expertise, and status, and 3) the opportunity structure of member-staff relations, staff autonomy, and political salience coincide. When these conditions are less than optimal, active representation will not occur. On a day-to-day basis, there is nothing that members do in the modem legislature that is not affected by their staffs (Rundquist, Schneider, and Pauls 1992). In Congress, staff outnumber their elected principals by a ratio of 45:1 (Omstein, Mann, and Malbin 1998). Staffers arrange meetings, confer with constituents, write speeches, prepare questions, research policy alternatives, provide political and technical advice, draft legislation, communicate with interest groups, negotiate with staff representing other members and interested groups, field complaints or inquiries from activists on and off Capitol Hill, do favors for other members' offices, and assist with whatever else may be required of members. In effect, staffers \"walk in the shadows\" of representatives and senators (Bisnow 1990, p. 23). The study of congressional staff has produced a modest line of research within the field of legislative studies. Many previous studies of congressional staff have mostly described congressional staff offices (e.g., Kofmehl 1977; Fox and Hammond 1977; Ducharme 1970; Allsbrook 1977; Stenger 1980; Congressional Management Foundation 1995), or they have specified different roles, career paths, and working styles of staff (e.g., Price 1971; Romzek and Utter 1997; DeGregorio 1988). The primary motivations for much of this atJournal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 65-82 ? 2003 Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Inc. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.148 on Fri, 16 Dec 2016 07:41:19 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 66 Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory tention have been to investigate the impact of staff growth on the members (Malbin 1981; DeGregorio 1988 and 1994), to understand the degree of responsiveness of and turnover within the large legislative bureaucracy (Salisbury and Shepsle 1981 a), or to consider forms and mechanisms of accountability (Romzek 2000). These investigations explore in some fashion the impact of staff on the function of representation, but only rarely has the variable of gender factored into these analyses. We employ the concepts and terminology of representative bureaucracy for insight into the representational roles of congressional committee staff. Congressional staff are engaged in representation that is both passive (a synonym for Pitkin's [1967] descriptive representation emphasizing the shared demographic characteristics that allow the representative to stand for others) and active (what Pitkin calls substantive representation focusing on the representative's ability to act on behalf of others). Scholars of representative bureaucracy assert that administrative personnel should be responsive to elected officials, and they argue that demographic correspondence between the bureaucrats and the public they serve enhances representation and optimizes bureaucratic outcomes. Committee staffers are particularly well suited for offering insight concerning the dynamics of passive and active representation. Committee staffers are unlike personal staff, whose absolute obligations to members are straightforward and clear. Because they are hired by the chair or ranking member, committee staff will have a personal and structural connection to that member, but at the same time, committee staff serve other committee members and are immersed in policy issues with many segments of the public. Thus committee staffers confront competing expectations of responsiveness and obligation-to the institution, to different members, to party, and to their policy areas, which may include a whole host of external groups with policy demands. By contrast, personal legislative aides are often policy generalists, and leadership staff specialize in procedural and political expertise (DeGregorio 1997). The model we propose is similar in purpose and substance to the typology of administrative discretion proposed by Richard C. Box (1992). Box posits three levels of administrative discretion (i.e., trustees, interpreters, and delegates), thus providing nuance to the sometimes dualistic concept of discretion or its absence. As does Box's typology, our typology of congressional staff influence implies a certain level of discretion staff members are able to accrue and use. More important, we believe our typology contributes new insight not only to an understanding of the representational behavior of congressional committee staff but also to an appreciation of variants of the minority representative role posited by scholars of representative bureaucracy (Selden, Brudney, and Kellough 1998). Following a discussion of prior research and theory, we will present a typology of staff roles. Our model grows out of an inductive research effort based on exploratory, in-depth interviews with congressional committee staff. The semistructured interview protocol was designed to allow committee staff to talk about their roles and whether they perceived a staff linkage between descriptive and substantive representation. The interviews were conducted with twenty staff during 1999 and 2000 around two issues that were selected because of their gendered dimensions. We present the two cases that undergird our theory-building effort after we introduce the model." }, { "paper": "1975724018", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2003", "title": "forced migration and the anthropological response", "label": [ "541189924" ], "author": [ "1996699421" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Forced Migration and the Anthropological Response", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2167983305", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2003", "title": "fifty years on research on the european parliament", "label": [ "2776034101", "3116431", "199539241", "2776398702", "2780423727", "2781440851", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2103658547", "1915832421", "2117712719" ], "reference": [ "1228642", "171318441", "424428171", "571788135", "589710460", "609485958", "620916766", "625732564", "627831860", "643080625", "654315311", "762230261", "1486996229", "1502439096", "1537376954", "1607858544", "1891936932", "1966989238", "1971096362", "1976865023", "1977011474", "1997947177", "1999198371", "1999502700", "1999916753", "2005809257", "2007865189", "2024994558", "2029344308", "2035344763", "2048945107", "2051963287", "2052637258", "2060990235", "2063968649", "2065195376", "2066891130", "2075762343", "2101586208", "2102277271", "2116877392", "2130600069", "2135208414", "2135438163", "2142103183", "2151793699", "2154937320", "2165365036", "2314156745", "2325081013", "2480604598", "2481047501", "2481308616", "2499177588", "2735135026" ], "abstract": "this introductory article reviews our current state of knowledge about the european parliament ep first we review the major accomplishments of previous studies of the ep highlighting four principal areas of work general studies of the chamber work on ep elections studies of the internal politics of the parliament and research on the ep s institutional relations with the council and commission second we consider what has yet to be learnt what are the major unanswered questions about the ep and how do the articles in this special issue respond to this agenda", "title_raw": "Fifty Years on: Research on the European Parliament*", "abstract_raw": "This introductory article reviews our current state of knowledge about the European Parliament (EP). First, we review the major accomplishments of previous studies of the EP, highlighting four principal areas of work: general studies of the chamber, work on EP elections, studies of the internal politics of the Parliament, and research on the EP\u2019s institutional relations with the Council and Commission. Second, we consider what has yet to be learnt: what are the major unanswered questions about the EP, and how do the articles in this special issue respond to this agenda?" }, { "paper": "2031545505", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2003", "title": "corruption political allegiances and attitudes toward government in contemporary democracies", "label": [ "2777630927", "81307892", "94625758", "90508534", "201342494", "177324205", "508889258", "2781046721" ], "author": [ "2147750201", "2071812654" ], "reference": [ "6889683", "181826900", "607032178", "1547238915", "1576678603", "1913685744", "1968327343", "1972922514", "1976025742", "1992583230", "1993042751", "2007215387", "2013383792", "2018097747", "2019914007", "2023362085", "2023543516", "2027654566", "2038456924", "2038806377", "2040009557", "2048832313", "2058428373", "2066407151", "2079936392", "2085498662", "2088635855", "2089559945", "2090569542", "2097811184", "2101236034", "2103299872", "2107729441", "2107992979", "2111625722", "2112352537", "2116468447", "2123274781", "2126889012", "2134472446", "2139459315", "2149458473", "2151949046", "2157979842", "2159552158", "2161021309", "2294066604", "2315108913", "2317187313", "2322230592", "2331204059", "2482096056", "2493248572", "2494511801", "2980141070", "3022732902", "3129962985" ], "abstract": "using surveys conducted in sixteen mature and newly established democracies around the globe this study examines the effect of corruption on people s attitudes toward government the analysis demonstrates that citizens in countries with higher levels of corruption express more negative evaluations of the performance of the political system and exhibit lower levels of trust in civil servants however the results also show that the negative effect of corruption on evaluations of the political system is significantly attenuated among supporters of the incumbent political authorities these findings provide strong and systematic evidence that informal political practices especially those that compromise important democratic principles should be considered important indicators of political system performance moreover they imply that while corruption is a powerful determinant of political support across widely varying political cultural and economic contexts it does not uniformly diminish support for political institutions across all segments of the electorate", "title_raw": "Corruption, Political Allegiances, and Attitudes Toward Government in Contemporary Democracies", "abstract_raw": "Using surveys conducted in sixteen mature and newly established democracies around the globe, this study examines the effect of corruption on people's attitudes toward government. The analysis demonstrates that citizens in countries with higher levels of corruption express more negative evaluations of the performance of the political system and exhibit lower levels of trust in civil servants. However, the results also show that the negative effect of corruption on evaluations of the political system is significantly attenuated among supporters of the incumbent political authorities. These findings provide strong and systematic evidence that informal political practices, especially those that compromise important democratic principles, should be considered important indicators of political system performance. Moreover, they imply that, while corruption is a powerful determinant of political support across widely varying political, cultural, and economic contexts, it does not uniformly diminish support for political institutions across all segments of the electorate." }, { "paper": "2059667041", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "the electorate the campaign and the office a unified approach to senate and house elections by paul gronke ann arbor university of michigan press 2000 216p 39 50 cloth 19 95 paper", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2700639206" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Electorate, the Campaign, and the Office: A Unified Approach to Senate and House Elections. By Paul Gronke. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000. 216p. $39.50 cloth, $19.95 paper", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1980429192", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2003", "title": "the rise and fall of the 2000 rocky mountain regional primary", "label": [ "197487636", "2776398702", "555826173", "2778944870" ], "author": [ "2425190131" ], "reference": [ "2899302820" ], "abstract": "i and around the united states have sought to replace the relatively haphazard arrangement of state primaries and caucuses which form the constituent elements of the presidential nominating process with a more rational system of regional primaries twenty eight bills were introduced in congress between 1972 and 1989 to achieve this result but none were enacted norrander 1992 21 the first successful cobbling together of a regional primary came in the south where democratic officeholders concerned with their national party s tilt to the left fashioned super tuesday coordinating most southern primaries on a single date starting in 1988 norrander 1992 beginning in 1996 several northeastern states also formed a yankee primary as the process of primary frontloading accelerated officials and party leaders in other regions viewed the regional primary option as a means of either arresting further", "title_raw": "The Rise and Fall of the 2000 Rocky Mountain Regional Primary", "abstract_raw": "I and around the United States have sought to replace the relatively haphazard arrangement of state primaries and caucuses which form the constituent elements of the presidential nominating process with a more \"rational\" system of regional primaries. Twenty-eight bills were introduced in Congress between 1972 and 1989 to achieve this result, but none were enacted (Norrander 1992, 21). The first successful cobbling together of a regional primary came in the South, where Democratic officeholders concerned with their national party's tilt to the left fashioned \"Super Tuesday,\" coordinating most Southern primaries on a single date starting in 1988 (Norrander 1992). Beginning in 1996, several northeastern states also formed a \"Yankee primary.\" As the process of primary \"frontloading\" accelerated, officials and party leaders in other regions viewed the regional primary option as a means of either arresting further" }, { "paper": "2135729953", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2003", "title": "the rise and fall of arms control", "label": [ "538168058" ], "author": [ "2289825769" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The rise and fall of arms control", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1973929412", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2003", "title": "the role of ngos in the formulation of and compliance with the optional protocol to the convention on the rights of the child on involvement of children in armed conflict", "label": [ "169437150", "199539241", "2781171240", "2780608745", "2778573023" ], "author": [ "2716927296" ], "reference": [ "566570948", "1603160383", "2018225362", "2036641047", "2074367253" ], "abstract": "this paper highlights the role that ngos may play in the drafting of human rights standards with particular reference to the rights of the child regarding children in armed conflict the travaux preparatoires of the optional protocol on children in armed conflict illustrate the role played by ngos in that process the drafting of article 38 of the convention may have initially been a great disappointment for ngos they were subsequently accorded a second shot at drafting appropriate rules combining international humanitarian law with that of the rights of the child the outcome being the optional protocol", "title_raw": "The Role of NGOs in the Formulation of and Compliance with the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict", "abstract_raw": "This paper highlights the role that NGOs may play in the drafting of human rights standards, with particular reference to the rights of the child regarding children in armed conflict. The travaux preparatoires of the Optional Protocol on Children in Armed Conflict illustrate the role played by NGOs in that process. The drafting of Article 38 of the Convention may have initially been a great disappointment for NGOs, they were subsequently accorded a second shot at drafting appropriate rules combining international humanitarian law with that of the rights of the child\u2014the outcome being the Optional Protocol." }, { "paper": "2036811749", "venue": "90857023", "year": "2003", "title": "effects of government policy on internal migration in peninsular malaysia a comparison between malays and non malays1", "label": [ "2780745107", "109986646", "137403100" ], "author": [ "46132777" ], "reference": [ "1516586080", "1781347434", "1967183999", "1984878314", "1996399114", "2016236445", "2017871126", "2043753375", "2046856565", "2048829163", "2055784559", "2058151368", "2058625935", "2059429974", "2072147851", "2073917320", "2075869457", "2086413697", "2089837931", "2092321493", "2105717288", "2109465833", "2114717670", "2136883754", "2264739362", "2270117563", "2312548474", "2329639226", "2476580224", "2617168099", "2729580352", "2993586958" ], "abstract": "do policies aimed at reducing ethnic inequality affect ethnic specific migration this article examines the effects of the new economic policy on first migration experiences of individuals in peninsular malaysia using life history data from the second malaysian family life survey i analyze whether the policy affected migration of individuals and how the effect differs between the malays and non malays for men and women i found that the policy had positive effect on migration of both men and women regardless of ethnicity there is weak evidence that the nep was ethnic specific in affecting migration while nep was not sex specific in affecting migration", "title_raw": "Effects of Government Policy on Internal Migration in Peninsular Malaysia: A Comparison between Malays and Non-Malays1", "abstract_raw": "Do policies aimed at reducing ethnic inequality affect ethnic-specific migration? This article examines the effects of the New Economic Policy on first migration experiences of individuals in Peninsular Malaysia. Using life-history data from the Second Malaysian Family Life Survey, I analyze whether the policy affected migration of individuals and how the effect differs between the Malays and non-Malays for men and women. I found that the policy had positive effect on migration of both men and women, regardless of ethnicity. There is weak evidence that the NEP was ethnic-specific in affecting migration, while NEP was not sex-specific in affecting migration." }, { "paper": "2013417154", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2003", "title": "globalization anti globalization", "label": [ "2119116", "538383745", "94625758", "136800757", "2780765026" ], "author": [ "2275744699", "1987294791" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "what is globalization why is it the source of such intense controversy is it creating a more disorderly world or can globalization be tamed in the aftermath of september 11th these questions have acquired a new and even greater sense of urgency this short book provides a key to understanding one of the most important intellectual and political debates of our times the authors interrogate the evidence about globalization and assess global trends issues of governance culture the economy patterns of inequality and global ethics are discussed in relation to the contending claims and counterclaims of the principal positions in the globalization debate the globalizers and anti globalizers held and mcgrew reflect on the central questions of political life posed by the great globalization debate namely who rules in whose interests to what ends and by what means they conclude by proposing a new political agenda for the twenty first century a global covenant of cosmopolitan social democracy this book is an excellent guide for all those intrigued confused or simply baffled by globalization and its impact", "title_raw": "Globalization/Anti-globalization", "abstract_raw": "What is globalization? Why is it the source of such intense controversy? Is it creating a more disorderly world or can globalization be tamed? In the aftermath of September 11th, these questions have acquired a new and even greater sense of urgency. This short book provides a key to understanding one of the most important intellectual and political debates of our times. The authors interrogate the evidence about globalization and assess global trends. Issues of governance, culture, the economy, patterns of inequality and global ethics are discussed in relation to the contending claims and counterclaims of the principal positions in the globalization debate: the globalizers and anti-globalizers. Held and McGrew reflect on the central questions of political life posed by the great globalization debate, namely: who rules, in whose interests, to what ends, and by what means? They conclude by proposing a new political agenda for the twenty-first century \u2013 a global covenant of cosmopolitan social democracy. This book is an excellent guide for all those intrigued, confused or simply baffled by globalization and its impact." }, { "paper": "2144768697", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2003", "title": "politics and growth in twentieth century tampa by robert kerstein gainesville university press of florida 2001 pp 480 55 00", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2441058102" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Politics and Growth in Twentieth-Century Tampa. By Robert Kerstein. (Gainesville : University Press of Florida, 2001. Pp. 480. $55.00.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122065686", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2003", "title": "the horizontal effect of constitutional rights", "label": [ "2780598601", "44725695", "2780549650", "18650270", "2779160553", "2776211767" ], "author": [ "716256167" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "introduction 388 i vertical and horizontal effect of individual rights the spectrum of positions in comparative constitutional law 393 a the two poles 394 b indirect horizontal effect 398 ii reconceiving the constitutional position in the u n ited states 411 a the state action doctrine 412 b transcending the state action doctrine 414 c transcending versus refocusing the state action inquiry 422 d application to the leading cases 429 e towards a normative defense 431 iii a revised spectrum of positions on the scope of constitutional rights 434 iv which laws regulating relations between private actors are unconstitutional 437 a general considerations 437 b the impact of specific constitutional rights on private actors 439 1 free speech 440 2 equal protection 446 c how the impact of the equal protection clause on private actors might be substantially increased 455 c o n clu sio n 458", "title_raw": "The \"Horizontal Effect\" of Constitutional Rights", "abstract_raw": "INTRODUCTION 388 I. VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS: THE SPECTRUM OF POSITIONS IN COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 393 A. The Two Poles 394 B. Indirect Horizontal Effect 398 II. RECONCEIVING THE CONSTITUTIONAL POSITION IN THE U N ITED STATES 411 A. The State Action Doctrine 412 B. Transcending the State Action Doctrine 414 C. Transcending Versus \"Refocusing\" the State Action Inquiry ..... 422 D Application to the Leading Cases . 429 E. Towards a Normative Defense . 431 III. A REVISED SPECTRUM OF POSITIONS ON THE SCOPE OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 434 IV. WHICH LAWS REGULATING RELATIONS BETWEEN PRIVATE ACTORS ARE UNCONSTITUTIONAL? . 437 A. General Considerations 437 B. The Impact of Specific Constitutional Rights on Private Actors .....439 1. Free Speech 440 2. Equal Protection 446 C. How the Impact of the Equal Protection Clause on Private Actors Might Be Substantially Increased 455 C O N CLU SIO N 458" }, { "paper": "1969519944", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2003", "title": "ethnic and regional politics after the asian economic crisis a comparison of malaysia and south korea", "label": [ "2779111050", "137403100", "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2893441432" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article explores the impact of the asian economic crisis on the malay chinese and kyongsang cholla regional political cleavage structures in malaysia and korea respectively the weakening of previously intractable cleavages and the rise of cross cutting cleavages have the potential to contribute to democratic consolidation by enhancing democratic uncertainty or organised uncertainty the analysis of post crisis election results shows that malaysia s traditional ethnic linkages between political elites and voters became more flexible after the crisis and created a strong cross cutting dimension to the political cleavage structure in contrast south korea s regional cleavages remained fundamentally undisturbed and may even have been reinforced by the crisis notwithstanding evidence of defections from regionally dominant parties", "title_raw": "Ethnic and Regional Politics after the Asian Economic Crisis: A Comparison of Malaysia and South Korea", "abstract_raw": "This article explores the impact of the Asian economic crisis on the Malay-Chinese and Kyongsang-Cholla regional political cleavage structures in Malaysia and Korea respectively. The weakening of previously intractable cleavages and the rise of cross-cutting cleavages have the potential to contribute to democratic consolidation, by enhancing democratic uncertainty or 'organised uncertainty'. The analysis of post-crisis election results shows that Malaysia's traditional ethnic linkages between political elites and voters became more flexible after the crisis and created a strong cross-cutting dimension to the political cleavage structure. In contrast South Korea's regional cleavages remained fundamentally undisturbed and may even have been reinforced by the crisis, notwithstanding evidence of defections from regionally dominant parties." }, { "paper": "1999582149", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2003", "title": "ethics debate almost derails european cloning vote", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2195317852" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ethics debate almost derails European cloning vote.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2050012321", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2003", "title": "the stakes america and the middle east the consequences of power and the choice for peaceby shibley telhami", "label": [ "3651065", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "1494179540" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Stakes: America and the Middle East, the Consequences of Power and the Choice for Peaceby Shibley Telhami", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2170460988", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "political science and political practice the pursuit of grounded inquiry", "label": [ "109492260", "96756911", "81307892", "187407495", "58805660", "90508534", "36201420", "31168002" ], "author": [ "2173004271" ], "reference": [ "365207002", "1515771701", "1977015532", "1989242207", "1998912793", "2001135780", "2010050173", "2130010855", "2137441478", "2161406797", "2164540423", "2316473956", "2325102869", "2798214619", "3123571579" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Science and Political Practice: The Pursuit of Grounded Inquiry", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2078559626", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2003", "title": "conclusion emerging issues in the study of church state relations", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "56910572" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "2003 conclusion emerging issues in the study of church state relations west european politics vol 26 no 1 pp 218 232", "title_raw": "Conclusion: emerging issues in the study of church\u2013state relations", "abstract_raw": "(2003). Conclusion: emerging issues in the study of church\u2013state relations. West European Politics: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 218-232." }, { "paper": "2736717637", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2003", "title": "review miscellaneous re constructing political society re constructing political society edited by garretonmanuel antonio and newmanedwardtokyo united nations university press 2001 ix 319pp us 31 95 isbn 92 808 1068 5", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2893062509" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review: Miscellaneous: (Re)constructing Political Society(RE)CONSTRUCTING POLITICAL SOCIETY Edited by Garret\u00f3nManuel Antonio and NewmanEdwardTokyo: United Nations University Press, 2001, ix, 319pp, US$31.95, ISBN 92-808-1068-5.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2006862250", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2003", "title": "threats to party supremacy", "label": [ "2781188222", "2775987171", "2781046721", "542948173", "68346564", "17058734", "125505783", "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2158724209" ], "reference": [ "631234972", "1509383136", "1528556314", "1533369859", "1542407233", "1965217193", "1975971809", "1981894979", "1990878931", "1997332151", "2012275303", "2032560410", "2062157821", "2079153964", "2085985425", "2106233165", "2138140431", "2142215904", "2321687925", "2491337408", "2552589696", "2573069957", "2799101241", "2799471721", "2983058348", "3023755562" ], "abstract": "with the chinese communist party ccp having emerged from its sixteenth party congress in november 2002 with a new leadership and an updated program what is the outlook for the political system that it controls the ease with which the recent turnover of power was handled bespeaks an unprecedented degree of institutional stability within china s political elite and yet the ccp has for some time now been watching its grassroots organizational strength ebb away the victim of a number of stresses that have been generated by the party s progressive integration with a rapidly changing society the ccp s policies of reform and opening have meanwhile had unintended consequences that have further weakened the prospects for its continued political monopoly due to an expanding private sector the party no longer controls where people live and work due to the spread of internet access satellite television and alternative media it no longer controls what information people have or how it is disseminated and due to a combination of larger disposable incomes and political liberalization it no longer controls what people do with their spare time to manage these consequences the party has adopted a new strategy of control as necessary as this strategy has been it has effectively reoriented the party relative to chinese society and in a way that raises a question of long term survival common to many a liberalizing authoritarian regime dominated by a single party will adapting to a new economic and social environment strengthen or actually weaken the party s hold on power bruce j dickson is associate professor of political science and international affairs at george washington university he is the author of red capitalists in china the party private entrepreneurs and prospects for political change 2003 and democratization in china and taiwan the adaptability of leninist parties 1997 and is associate editor of the journal problems of post communism", "title_raw": "Threats to Party Supremacy", "abstract_raw": "\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd With the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) having emerged from its Sixteenth Party Congress in November 2002 with a new leadership and an updated program, what is the outlook for the political system that it controls? The ease with which the recent turnover of power was handled bespeaks an unprecedented degree of institutional stability within China\u2019s political elite. And yet the CCP has for some time now been watching its grassroots organizational strength ebb away, the victim of a number of stresses that have been generated by the Party\u2019s progressive integration with a rapidly changing society. The CCP\u2019s policies of \u201creform and opening\u201d have meanwhile had unintended consequences that have further weakened the prospects for its continued political monopoly: Due to an expanding private sector, the Party no longer controls where people live and work; due to the spread of internet access, satellite television, and alternative media, it no longer controls what information people have or how it is disseminated; and due to a combination of larger disposable incomes and political liberalization, it no longer controls what people do with their spare time. To manage these consequences, the Party has adopted a new strategy of control. As necessary as this strategy has been, it has effectively reoriented the Party relative to Chinese society, and in a way that raises a question of long-term survival common to many a liberalizing authoritarian regime dominated by a single party: Will adapting to a new economic and social environment strengthen or actually weaken the Party\u2019s hold on power? Bruce J. Dickson is associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University. He is the author of Red Capitalists in China: The Party, Private Entrepreneurs, and Prospects for Political Change (2003) and Democratization in China and Taiwan: The Adaptability of Leninist Parties (1997), and is associate editor of the journal Problems of Post-Communism." }, { "paper": "2000390127", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2003", "title": "urban armageddon or politics as usual the case of municipal civil service reform", "label": [ "67860675", "2776398702", "94625758", "2778061430", "3116431" ], "author": [ "1999233039" ], "reference": [ "249677636", "581614620", "1485792542", "1533460353", "1966265275", "1966861174", "1993477315", "2003716877", "2009253714", "2018387481", "2021782610", "2022539860", "2022718562", "2023160676", "2026411367", "2026587206", "2030070098", "2045924363", "2049391104", "2056475699", "2056537733", "2063063577", "2068924857", "2077094990", "2082280388", "2085779208", "2086642931", "2086797474", "2086895243", "2087144315", "2091777293", "2095607316", "2101398978", "2104892813", "2106529514", "2131648886", "2158090037", "2163790854", "2250689778", "2313724415", "2320079860", "2321557810", "2321655948", "2323581452", "2324786004", "2326887067", "2331109903", "2478270676", "2798656791", "2798826866" ], "abstract": "for the better part of the twentieth century the question of municipal reformism has drawn urban scholarship why do some cities change their governing arrangements while others do not focusing exclusively on merit systems in this study i expose the political underpinnings of merit reform in american municipal history a duration analysis of merit adoptions in a sample of 252 cities in the 1900 1940 period suggests that both state home rule status state merit systems and city specific at large elections term length city size percent foreign born regional location factors largely determined when and where reform occurred", "title_raw": "Urban Armageddon or Politics as Usual? The Case of Municipal Civil Service Reform", "abstract_raw": "For the better part of the twentieth century, the question of municipal reformism has drawn urban scholarship: Why do some cities change their governing arrangements while others do not? Focusing exclusively on merit systems, in this study I expose the political underpinnings of merit reform in American municipal history. A duration analysis of merit adoptions in a sample of 252 cities in the 1900\u20131940 period suggests that both state- (home rule status, state merit systems) and city-specific (at-large elections, term length, city size, percent foreign-born, regional location) factors largely determined when and where reform occurred." }, { "paper": "1991491613", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2003", "title": "from the rainbow coalition back down to red earth the 2003 finnish general election", "label": [ "199539241", "59742305" ], "author": [ "1970027510" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "From the \u2018rainbow coalition\u2019 back down to \u2018red earth\u2019? the 2003 finnish general election", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2985431852", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2003", "title": "protracted contest sino indian rivalry in the twentieth century", "label": [ "2777582232" ], "author": [ "2115390649" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Protracted contest: Sino-Indian rivalry in the twentieth century.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2139297904", "venue": "167854760", "year": "2003", "title": "tourism development in greek insular and coastal areas sociocultural changes and crucial policy issues", "label": [ "75545042", "196187386", "18918823", "154193497", "151807755", "37129596", "206836424" ], "author": [ "2162794967" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the paper analyses two issues that have characterised tourism development in greek insular and coastal areas in the period 1970 2000 the first issue concerns the socioeconomic and cultural changes that have taken place in these areas and led to rapid and usually unplanned tourism development the second issue consists of the policies for tourism and tourism development at local regional and national level the analysis focuses on the role of the family social mobility issues the social role of specific groups and consequences for the manners customs and traditions of the local population it also examines the views and reactions of local communities regarding tourism and tourists there is consideration of the new productive structures in these areas including the downgrading of agriculture the dependence of many economic sectors on tourism and the large increase in multi activity and the black economy another focus is on the characteristics of mass tourism and on the related problems and c", "title_raw": "Tourism Development in Greek Insular and Coastal Areas: Sociocultural Changes and Crucial Policy Issues", "abstract_raw": "The paper analyses two issues that have characterised tourism development in Greek insular and coastal areas in the period 1970\u20132000. The first issue concerns the socioeconomic and cultural changes that have taken place in these areas and led to rapid \u2013 and usually unplanned \u2013 tourism development. The second issue consists of the policies for tourism and tourism development at local, regional and national level. The analysis focuses on the role of the family, social mobility issues, the social role of specific groups, and consequences for the manners, customs and traditions of the local population. It also examines the views and reactions of local communities regarding tourism and tourists. There is consideration of the new productive structures in these areas, including the downgrading of agriculture, the dependence of many economic sectors on tourism, and the large increase in multi-activity and the black economy. Another focus is on the characteristics of mass tourism, and on the related problems and c..." }, { "paper": "1978543665", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2003", "title": "the shadow of sharia over nigerian federalism", "label": [ "202565627", "2776398702", "95691615", "2778176567", "199539241", "533735693" ], "author": [ "2410537358", "2681745876" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the sentencing under sharia law in nigeria s northern state of katsina in 2002 of a 31 year old woman amina lawal to be stoned to death for adultery highlighted the rising religious conflict and violence that has occurred since the resumption of civilian democratic governance in 1999 although the practice of sharia in personal and civil matters had been accommodated by the british and by nigeria s various constitutions what was new in 1999 was the extension of sharia from civil to criminal matters thus producing such punishments as decapitation amputation and stoning to death threatening the well being of non muslims endangering fundamental rights protected by nigeria s federal constitution and posing significant challenges to elected officials and federal courts the extension of sharia to criminal law in 12 northern states also has increased intercommunal and intergovernmental conflict threatening the fabric of nigerian federalism copyright 2003 oxford university press", "title_raw": "The Shadow of Sharia Over Nigerian Federalism", "abstract_raw": "The sentencing under Sharia law in Nigeria's northern state of Katsina in 2002 of a 31-year-old woman, Amina Lawal, to be stoned to death for adultery highlighted the rising religious conflict and violence that has occurred since the resumption of civilian democratic governance in 1999. Although the practice of Sharia in personal and civil matters had been accommodated by the British and by Nigeria's various constitutions, what was new in 1999 was the extension of Sharia from civil to criminal matters, thus producing such punishments as decapitation, amputation, and stoning to death, threatening the well-being of non-Muslims, endangering fundamental rights protected by Nigeria's federal Constitution, and posing significant challenges to elected officials and federal courts. The extension of Sharia to criminal law in 12 northern states also has increased intercommunal and intergovernmental conflict, threatening the fabric of Nigerian federalism. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press." }, { "paper": "2339115664", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2003", "title": "review of newsworkers united labor convergence and north american newspapers", "label": [ "201280247" ], "author": [ "2894161633" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of Newsworkers United: Labor, Convergence, and North American Newspapers", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2053160077", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2003", "title": "l e a liberating expansive authorship or licensing editorial abdication another view", "label": [ "199539241", "2780735018" ], "author": [ "2233106401" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "L.E.A. = liberating expansive authorship or licensing editorial abdication? Another view", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2924983943", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2003", "title": "looking west cultural globalization and russian youth cultures", "label": [ "105001358" ], "author": [ "2098735361", "2107834317", "2486332882", "2778443405", "2325132099", "2667321562" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Looking West? Cultural Globalization and Russian Youth Cultures", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2008569425", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2003", "title": "an institutional view of congressional elections the impact of congressional image on seat change in the house", "label": [ "197487636", "2778521920", "3116431", "94625758", "2780510313" ], "author": [ "2086156853" ], "reference": [ "225216842", "600994599", "953353200", "1989823719", "1992503224", "2002201351", "2005842391", "2008878870", "2053020350", "2058815839", "2064036031", "2069034087", "2079615115", "2081899912", "2091669635", "2106342120", "2107958340", "2108818539", "2137441478", "2164252669", "2164540423", "2168175751", "2319615668", "2328761745", "2334633004", "3123031047", "3125688931" ], "abstract": "the literature on seat change in u s house elections abounds with explanations regarding the factors contributing to the biennial change in the partisan balance of the body while a number of theoritically and empirically appealing models have been presented many base their explanations around presidential politics and a variety of factors independent of congress in this article i argue that in developing models of congressional seat change it is worthwhile to consider how the public image of the institution impacts the electoral success of its members i describe and test a model that captures the influence of the public s perception of congress on party seat change encompassing tests suggest that this framework significantly improves upon existing models the results underscores the importance of endogenous congress specific factors in explaining aggregate seat change in the u s house of representative the aggregate results of recent congressional elections have triggered a large scale re analysis of the viability of most of the prominent models of seat change in the house in particular the surprising outcomes in 1994 and f998 have led researchers to question whether fundamental aspects of the pre existing structure of congressional elections have changed or disappeared altogether 1 this enterprise has resulted in many of the existing explanations being adapted to capture certain aspects of contemporary house elections such as the importance of incumbency and the distribution of open seats gaddie 1997 newman and ostrom 2002 declining coattails campbell and jurek 2003 and an apparent realignment among voters campbell 1997a the revised models have thus enhanced the predictive success of the existing explanations of the factors contributing to party seat change in congress while research has begun to address the absence of such dynamics from existing models the motivation of this analysis is a persistent theoretical and empirical absence in the literature of the institutional role of congress on the electoral fortunes of members despite the observations described above that document the varied ways in which contemporary elections are contested there has been virtually no discussion of how the public perception of congress impacts congressional elections however in an electoral environment in which members their parties and the institution more broadly have received increasing amounts of attention it seems fitting to assess the potential electoral impact of congress centered forces in fact in light of the degree of consideration students of congress have given to the role that members behavior plays in impacting their electoral fortunes it is somewhat surprising that such factors have not been considered in modeling seal change in the house 2 of course this is not to say that the importance of the exogenous factors offered in the seat change literature should be discounted the role of extra legislative political influences such as economic conditions and presidential vote share is well established 3 this article presents a theory and an empirical model thatseek to integrate the findings of previous research with a more fundamental understanding of the role congress plays in its own electoral environment and how members of congress may be affected in their quest for reelection institutional considerations it is generally agreed that congressional elections are seasoned by factors such as the condition of the economy the president s level of approval and the balance of party seats in the house at the same time it seems plausible to expect the prevailing image of congress at the time of an election to play a role in influencing the results presumably few would argue that members of a congress that is said to be out of touch corrupt or overly partisan would not be portrayed by the press and perceived by the public in a negative light and subsequently penalized at the polls", "title_raw": "An Institutional View of Congressional Elections: The Impact of Congressional Image on Seat Change in the House", "abstract_raw": "The literature on seat change in U.S. House elections abounds with explanations regarding the factors contributing to the biennial change in the partisan balance of the body. While a number of theoritically and empirically appealing models have been presented, many base their explanations around presidential politics and a variety of factors independent of Congress. In this article, I argue that in developing models of congressional seat change, it is worthwhile to consider how the public image of the institution impacts the electoral success of its members. I describe and test a model that captures the influence of the public's perception of Congress on party seat change. Encompassing tests suggest that this framework significantly improves upon existing models. The results underscores the importance of endogenous, Congress-specific factors in explaining aggregate seat change in the U.S. House of Representative. The aggregate results of recent congressional elections have triggered a large-scale re-analysis of the viability of most of the prominent models of seat change in the House. In particular, the surprising outcomes in 1994 and f998 have led researchers to question whether fundamental aspects of the pre-existing structure of congressional elections have changed or disappeared altogether.1 This enterprise has resulted in many of the existing explanations being adapted to capture certain aspects of contemporary House elections, such as the importance of incumbency and the distribution of open seats (Gaddie 1997; Newman and Ostrom 2002), declining coattails (Campbell and Jurek 2003), and an apparent realignment among voters (Campbell 1997a). The revised models have thus enhanced the predictive success of the existing explanations of the factors contributing to party seat change in Congress. While research has begun to address the absence of such dynamics from existing models, the motivation of this analysis is a persistent theoretical and empirical absence in the literature of the institutional role of Congress on the electoral fortunes of members. Despite the observations described above that document the varied ways in which contemporary elections are contested, there has been virtually no discussion of how the public perception of Congress impacts congressional elections. However, in an electoral environment in which members, their parties, and the institution more broadly have received increasing amounts of attention, it seems fitting to assess the potential electoral impact of Congress-centered forces. In fact, in light of the degree of consideration students of Congress have given to the role that members' behavior plays in impacting their electoral fortunes, it is somewhat surprising that such factors have not been considered in modeling seal change in the House.2 Of course, this is not to say that the importance of the exogenous factors offered in the seat change literature should be discounted. The role of extra-legislative political influences such as economic conditions and presidential vote share is well established.3 This article presents a theory and an empirical model thatseek to integrate the findings of previous research with a more fundamental understanding of the role Congress plays in its own electoral environment and how members of Congress may be affected in their quest for reelection. INSTITUTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS It is generally agreed that congressional elections are seasoned by factors such as the condition of the economy, the president's level of approval, and the balance of party seats in the House. At the same time, it seems plausible to expect the prevailing image of Congress at the time of an election to play a role in influencing the results. Presumably, few would argue that members of a Congress that is said to be out of touch, corrupt, or overly partisan would not be portrayed by the press and perceived by the public in a negative light and subsequently penalized at the polls. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2149203242", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "revolutions in sovereignty how ideas shaped modern international relations by daniel philpott princeton princeton university press 2001 352p 59 50 cloth 19 95 paper", "label": [ "186229450", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2171861713" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Revolutions in Sovereignty: How Ideas Shaped Modern International Relations. By Daniel Philpott. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001. 352p. $59.50 cloth, $19.95 paper", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2097374467", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2003", "title": "france britain and the euro atlantic crisis", "label": [ "2780668109", "71750763", "557252395" ], "author": [ "2027650942" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "franco british relations have always been central to the fortunes both of the transatlantic partnership and of the european security and defence project esdp although fraught with ambivalence in the years after the 1998 saint malo summit the franco british partnership pushed esdp forward in 2003 however france and the uk defined two extremes in their approaches both to war in iraq and to relations with the us neither approach makes strategic sense france s apparent principled opposition will only serve to divide the eu into largely artificial pro and anti american camps the uk s apparent unconditional alignment will only serve to confine it to the margins of european policymaking in an area diplomacy and security where britain can and must play a leading role only if both countries agree to adopt along with all their partners a new and more subtle policy of quiet unified and critical dialogue with washington can the eu have the kind of transatlantic impact that both profess to seek", "title_raw": "France, Britain and the Euro-Atlantic Crisis", "abstract_raw": "Franco-British relations have always been central to the fortunes both of the transatlantic partnership and of the European security and defence project (ESDP). Although fraught with ambivalence in the years after the 1998 Saint-Malo summit, the Franco-British partnership pushed ESDP forward. In 2003, however, France and the UK defined two extremes in their approaches both to war in Iraq and to relations with the US. Neither approach makes strategic sense. France's apparent principled opposition will only serve to divide the EU into largely artificial pro- and anti-American camps. The UK's apparent unconditional alignment will only serve to confine it to the margins of European policymaking in an area - diplomacy and security - where Britain can and must play a leading role. Only if both countries agree to adopt, along with all their partners, a new and more subtle policy of quiet, unified and critical dialogue with Washington can the EU have the kind of transatlantic impact that both profess to seek." }, { "paper": "2100930238", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2003", "title": "a different kind of war september 11 and the united states afghan war", "label": [ "2781058233", "503602615", "199539241", "2780587734" ], "author": [ "2892840695" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "mcinnes c a different kind of war 11 september and the united states afghan war review of international studies 29 2 165 184 rae2008", "title_raw": "A different kind of war? September 11 and the United States' Afghan War", "abstract_raw": "McInnes, C., 'A different kind of war? 11 September and the United States' Afghan war'. Review of International Studies, 29 (2), 165-184. RAE2008" }, { "paper": "2029413688", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2003", "title": "two dismal sciences are better than one economics and the study of national security a review essay", "label": [ "528167355", "505623098", "68151297", "3116431", "509929229", "79165680" ], "author": [ "3003655310" ], "reference": [ "297060322", "617375306", "653487715", "1486212401", "1494612504", "1509376444", "1531277693", "1542783357", "1561980813", "1566561834", "1575338341", "1968588323", "1971144627", "1972922385", "1981678253", "1988664904", "1998643664", "1999162617", "2000055728", "2003808329", "2006756446", "2013737776", "2031961185", "2050337688", "2056502195", "2061712285", "2062180517", "2062663664", "2067286243", "2068869385", "2076146491", "2078884356", "2079362615", "2091113971", "2103791134", "2106914064", "2113252541", "2123192118", "2130207467", "2131108751", "2132215994", "2136742632", "2137848826", "2140917618", "2150515448", "2160696964", "2161053376", "2165933393", "2247719308", "2250886915", "2329283878", "2485789185", "2802258335", "2953770120", "3124984768", "3126030768" ], "abstract": "jack hirshleifer the dark side of the force economic foundations of conoict theory new york cambridge university press 2001 war is economics by other means states may increase their wealth by developing their own resources and through the promotion of foreign trade or instead by seizing the economies of other nations as jack hirshleifer puts it in the dark side of the force there are two main methods of making a living the way of production and exchange versus the way of predation and conoict 1 why do states choose one strategy over another under what conditions will they threaten other governments and when will they seek to appease them economic theory has played a key role in shaping the way that scholars grapple with these and many other questions in the aeld of security studies have economic methods and models proved useful in advancing scholarly understanding of strategic interactions among nations that question provokes a surprising amount of controversy within the academic community 2 the publication of hirshleifer s collected papers on conoict theory provides a fresh opportunity to assess the inouence of economics on the study of national security since world war ii 3 twodismal sciences are better than one economics and the study of national security ethan b kapstein", "title_raw": "Two Dismal Sciences Are Better Than One\u2014Economics and the Study of National Security: A Review Essay", "abstract_raw": "Jack Hirshleifer, The Dark Side of the Force: Economic Foundations of Conoict Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. War is economics by other means. States may increase their wealth by developing their own resources and through the promotion of foreign trade, or instead by seizing the economies of other nations. As Jack Hirshleifer puts it in The Dark Side of the Force, \u201cThere are two main methods of making a living . . . the way of production and exchange versus the way of predation and conoict.\u201d1 Why do states choose one strategy over another? Under what conditions will they threaten other governments, and when will they seek to appease them? Economic theory has played a key role in shaping the way that scholars grapple with these and many other questions in the aeld of security studies. Have economic methods and models proved useful in advancing scholarly understanding of strategic interactions among nations? That question provokes a surprising amount of controversy within the academic community.2 The publication of Hirshleifer\u2019s collected papers on conoict theory provides a fresh opportunity to assess the inouence of economics on the study of national security since World War II.3 TwoDismal Sciences Are Better Than One\u2014 Economics and the Study of National Security Ethan B. Kapstein" }, { "paper": "2078714066", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "how would a cable science network work", "label": [ "109986646", "44877443", "2776007958", "2777632292", "39549134", "2781400479", "148834064" ], "author": [ "88637564" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "i found the proposal for a cable science network csn made by terrence j sejnowski in his essay tap into science 24 7 1 aug p 601 1 provocative and appealing however there is a substantial practical obstacle to this plan that becomes apparent when the analogy to c span is examined a bit more closely c span s goal to broadcast official governmental proceedings and statements is an easy one to achieve from a programming perspective c span does not need to exercise editorial discretion in choosing to air congressional debates speeches by governmental officials and governmental administrative proceedings because there is absolutely no question that the officials and legislators talking are indeed who they purport to be and the proceedings what they appear to be the situation would be quite different for csn whose stated goal is to provide unbiased expert information commentary and debate concerning scientific issues relevant to public policy achieving this goal will be quite difficult and extensive editorial discretion is required to answer such questions as who is a relevant expert what positions are unbiased and what topics should be addressed the answers to these questions are not self evident and cannot be obtained through application of any objective or mechanical test for example would a scientist with a ph d in a relevant field but who works under the auspices of a lobbying organization be considered worthy of appearing on csn what reasoned standard would exclude this expert but not a scientist with similar academic credentials who works at a university and what about scientists who work at unbiased institutions but who receive funding from biased sources i think that a csn could be a valuable addition to the sources of scientific information currently available to the public to legislators and to administrative officials but it is going to be very difficult if not impossible to distinguish biased from unbiased sources of information on the brief time scale required for 24 7 television programming response article title 2 nitabach raises the important issue of how to ensure that csn presents a fair and unbiased view of scientific issues one cornerstone of avoiding bias on csn would be a scientific advisory board with stellar credentials already being formed that could provide advice about programming scientific societies would also be a source of advice and support many scientific societies have media outreach programs that include taped lectures interviews and press conferences and csn could serve as a central nexus for all of these efforts disseminating them to a wider audience it will be essential to present a balanced view of both sides of controversial issues we see this more as an opportunity to engage the audience with a lively debate nitabach is not quite correct when he says that c span s goal to broadcast official governmental proceedings and statements is an easy one to achieve from a programming perspective c span s mission statement 1 2 talks of providing access to governmental proceedings with a balanced presentation of points of view of providing a forum for people who influence public policy without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view of providing access through call in programs to decision makers and of employing production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it substitute science for government and you have csn broadcasting governmental proceedings is only a part of c span s schedule the network also carries a broad spectrum of nongovernmental meetings book readings history and advocacy lectures clearly identified c span strives to be an honest broker in allocating air time csn would do the same 1 1 3 1 s frantzich 2 j j sullivan the c span revolution univ of oklahoma press tulsa ok 1996 p 2 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 1084463 2 ref 1 3 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text", "title_raw": "How would a Cable Science Network work", "abstract_raw": "I found the proposal for a Cable Science Network (CSN) made by Terrence J. Sejnowski in his Essay \u201cTap into science 24-7\u201d (1 Aug., p. [601][1]) provocative and appealing.\n\nHowever, there is a substantial practical obstacle to this plan that becomes apparent when the analogy to C-SPAN is examined a bit more closely. C-SPAN's goal\u2014to broadcast official governmental proceedings and statements\u2014is an easy one to achieve from a programming perspective. C-SPAN does not need to exercise editorial discretion in choosing to air Congressional debates, speeches by governmental officials, and governmental administrative proceedings, because there is absolutely no question that the officials and legislators talking are indeed who they purport to be and the proceedings what they appear to be.\n\nThe situation would be quite different for CSN, whose stated goal is to provide unbiased, expert information, commentary, and debate concerning scientific issues relevant to public policy. Achieving this goal will be quite difficult, and extensive editorial discretion is required to answer such questions as \u201cwho is a relevant expert?\u201d, \u201cwhat positions are unbiased?\u201d, and \u201cwhat topics should be addressed?\u201d The answers to these questions are not self-evident and cannot be obtained through application of any objective or mechanical test.\n\nFor example, would a scientist with a Ph.D. in a relevant field, but who works under the auspices of a \u201clobbying\u201d organization, be considered worthy of appearing on CSN? What reasoned standard would exclude this \u201cexpert,\u201d but not a scientist with similar academic credentials who works at a university? And what about scientists who work at \u201cunbiased\u201d institutions, but who receive funding from \u201cbiased\u201d sources?\n\nI think that a CSN could be a valuable addition to the sources of scientific information currently available to the public, to legislators, and to administrative officials, but it is going to be very difficult\u2014if not impossible\u2014to distinguish \u201cbiased\u201d from \u201cunbiased\u201d sources of information on the brief time scale required for 24-7 television programming.\n\n# Response {#article-title-2}\n\nNitabach raises the important issue of how to ensure that CSN presents a fair and unbiased view of scientific issues. One cornerstone of avoiding bias on CSN would be a scientific advisory board with stellar credentials (already being formed) that could provide advice about programming. Scientific societies would also be a source of advice and support. Many scientific societies have media outreach programs that include taped lectures, interviews, and press conferences, and CSN could serve as a central nexus for all of these efforts, disseminating them to a wider audience. It will be essential to present a balanced view of both sides of controversial issues. We see this more as an opportunity to engage the audience with a lively debate.\n\nNitabach is not quite correct when he says that \u201cC-SPAN's goal\u2014to broadcast official governmental proceedings and statements\u2014is an easy one to achieve from a programming perspective.\u201d C-SPAN's mission statement ([1][2]) talks of providing access to governmental proceedings \u201cwith a balanced presentation of points of view\u201d; of providing a forum for people who influence public policy \u201cwithout filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view\u201d; of providing access, through call-in programs, to decision-makers; and of employing \u201cproduction values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it.\u201d Substitute \u201cscience\u201d for \u201cgovernment,\u201d and you have CSN.\n\nBroadcasting governmental proceedings is only a part of C-SPAN's schedule. The network also carries a broad spectrum of nongovernmental meetings, book readings, history, and advocacy lectures (clearly identified). C-SPAN strives to be an honest broker in allocating air-time. CSN would do the same.\n\n1. 1.[\u21b5][3] 1. S. Frantzich, 2. J. J. Sullivan\n , The C-SPAN Revolution (Univ. of Oklahoma Press, Tulsa, OK, 1996), p. 2.\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1084463\n [2]: #ref-1\n [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1. in text\"" }, { "paper": "1574526698", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2003", "title": "changing organizations business networks in the new political economy by david knoke westview press 2001 474 pp paper 28 00", "label": [ "2777690665" ], "author": [ "1912451809" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Changing Organizations: Business Networks in the New Political Economy.By David Knoke. Westview Press, 2001. 474 pp. Paper, $28.00", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2086375299", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2003", "title": "the general election in britain june 2001", "label": [ "59742305" ], "author": [ "2039349224" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The general election in Britain, June 2001", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2008444290", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2003", "title": "book review nina graegar henrik larsen and hanna ojanen the esdp and the nordic countries four variations on a theme finnish institute of international affairs 2002 no price given", "label": [ "34355311" ], "author": [ "2114795820" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Nina Graegar, Henrik Larsen and Hanna Ojanen, The ESDP and the Nordic Countries: Four Variations on a Theme (Finnish Institute of International Affairs, 2002, no price given)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1996922642", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2003", "title": "political legitimacy in middle africa father family food by michael schatzberg bloomington in indiana university press 2001 xi 292 pp 24 95 isbn 0 253 21482 paperback", "label": [ "46295352" ], "author": [ "1982242201" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Legitimacy in Middle Africa: Father, family, food, by Michael Schatzberg. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2001. xi + 292 pp. $24.95. ISBN 0\u2010253\u201021482 (paperback)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2031940964", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2003", "title": "voting regional legislatures and electoral reform in russia", "label": [ "49230009", "520049643", "83009810", "48226144" ], "author": [ "2482549052" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "2003 voting regional legislatures and electoral reform in russia europe asia studies vol 55 no 7 pp 1049 1075", "title_raw": "Voting, regional legislatures and electoral reform in Russia", "abstract_raw": "(2003). Voting, regional legislatures and electoral reform in Russia. Europe-Asia Studies: Vol. 55, No. 7, pp. 1049-1075." }, { "paper": "2001394757", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "state court to rule on manganese fume claims", "label": [ "199539241", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "as scientists spar over the health effects of low levels of manganese see main text the steel industry is bracing for a courtroom battle over exposure to the metal at higher doses a wave of claims arguing that manganese in welding fumes caused parkinson9s like disease will go to trial beginning next month in a mississippi state court the number of claims could rival those for asbestos related lung disease", "title_raw": "State Court to rule on manganese fume claims.", "abstract_raw": "As scientists spar over the health effects of low levels of manganese (see\n main text), the steel industry is bracing for a courtroom battle over exposure to the metal at higher doses. A wave of claims arguing that manganese in welding fumes caused Parkinson9s-like disease will go to trial beginning next month in a Mississippi state court. The number of claims could rival those for asbestos-related lung disease." }, { "paper": "2799304572", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2003", "title": "ward thomas the ethics of destruction norms and force in international relations", "label": [ "34355311", "199539241" ], "author": [ "3173500039" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ward, Thomas. The Ethics of Destruction: Norms and Force in International Relations", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2046660367", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2003", "title": "religion policy and secrecy the latter day saints and masons", "label": [ "2776786559", "2776452267", "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2114442734", "2308678005" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "on a vanished secret order had politics as in masonry been its main object it would have held on with tenacity to its principles as to the threads of life and disregarding its departure from sound morals or patriotism would still have contended with the infatuation of a mormonite for the enjoyment in secret of that which in the eye of the public would overwhelm its members in confusions a traveller in the united states a ritual and illustrations of free masonry and the orange and odd fellows societies accompanied by numerous engravings and a key to the phi beta kappa s thrne devon shebbear near hatherleigh england 1835 251", "title_raw": "Religion, Policy, and Secrecy: The Latter Day Saints and Masons", "abstract_raw": "On a vanished secret order: \u201cHad politics, as in Masonry, been its main object, it would have held on with tenacity to its principles, as to the threads of life, and, disregarding its departure from sound morals, or patriotism, would still have contended, with the infatuation of a Mormonite, for the enjoyment, in secret, of that which in the eye of the public would overwhelm its members in confusions.\u201d\u201cA Traveller in the United States\u201d, A Ritual and Illustrations of Free-Masonry and the Orange and Odd Fellows\u2019 Societies, Accompanied by Numerous Engravings, and a Key to the Phi Beta Kappa, S. Thrne, Devon (Shebbear, near Hatherleigh, England), 1835, 251." }, { "paper": "2906223271", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2003", "title": "reviews of books the making of the eighteenth century irish constitution government parliament and the revenue 1692 1714 charles ivar mcgrath", "label": [ "2776154427", "2781440851", "199539241", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2573191436" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reviews of Books:The Making of the Eighteenth-Century Irish Constitution: Government, Parliament and the Revenue, 1692-1714 Charles Ivar McGrath", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2083102777", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2003", "title": "understanding the bush doctrine", "label": [ "2776729102", "34355311", "94625758", "2779373954", "93377909", "2776398702", "2777386755", "199539241", "2776211767" ], "author": [ "2080749944" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the invasion of iraq although important in itself is even more noteworthy as a manifestation of the bush doctrine in a sharp break from the president s pre september 11 views that saw american leadership and especially its use of force restricted to defending narrow and traditional vital interests he has enunciated a far reaching program that calls for something very much like an empire 1 the doctrine has four elements a strong belief in the importance of a state s domestic regime in determining its foreign policy and the related judgment that this is an opportune time to transform international politics the perception of great threats that can be defeated only by new and vigorous policies most notably preventive war a willingness to act unilaterally when necessary and as both a cause and a summary of these beliefs an overriding sense that peace and stability require the united states to assert its primacy in world politics it is of course possible that i am exaggerating and that what we are seeing is mostly an elaborate rationale for the overthrow of saddam hussein that will have little relevance beyond that i think the doctrine is real however it is quite articulate and american policy since the end of the military campaign has been consistent with it furthermore there is a tendency for people to act in accord with the explanations they have given for their own behavior which means that the doctrine could guide behavior even if it were originally a rationalization 2", "title_raw": "Understanding the Bush Doctrine", "abstract_raw": "The invasion of Iraq, although important in itself, is even more noteworthy as a manifestation of the Bush doctrine. In a sharp break from the President's pre-September 11 views that saw American leadership, and especially its use of force, restricted to defending narrow and traditional vital interests, he has enunciated a far-reaching program that calls for something very much like an empire.1 The doctrine has four elements: a strong belief in the importance of a state's domestic regime in determining its foreign policy and the related judgment that this is an opportune time to transform international politics; the perception of great threats that can be defeated only by new and vigorous policies, most notably preventive war; a willingness to act unilaterally when necessary; and, as both a cause and a summary of these beliefs, an overriding sense that peace and stability require the United States to assert its primacy in world politics. It is, of course, possible that I am exaggerating and that what we are seeing is mostly an elaborate rationale for the overthrow of Saddam Hussein that will have little relevance beyond that. I think the doctrine is real, however. It is quite articulate, and American policy since the end of the military campaign has been consistent with it. Furthermore, there is a tendency for people to act in accord with the explanations they have given for their own behavior, which means that the doctrine could guide behavior even if it were originally a rationalization.2" }, { "paper": "1975486232", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2003", "title": "feminist organizational structure in the white house the office of women s initiatives and outreach", "label": [ "67674302", "2781400479", "182566", "109986646", "2781243023", "3116431", "96089941", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2160550093", "2691376539" ], "reference": [ "607743761", "618083118", "1550684686", "1573601653", "1588527346", "1596464459", "1601109575", "1608458128", "1967541354", "1972094195", "1979441450", "1993663609", "2015069331", "2020233637", "2020603521", "2030429875", "2047873637", "2051749726", "2057329693", "2061207705", "2069411625", "2084097921", "2093221574", "2104271492", "2125215673", "2127438306", "2153656501", "2153669157", "2159714396", "2235067805", "2242148089", "2321368448", "2325982921", "2328957414", "2332724766", "2495328812", "2761465431", "2762960386", "2930141579", "2996199046", "3124423022" ], "abstract": "in 1995 president clinton established the first formally organized office for women s issues in the executive office of the president eop the office of womens initiatives and outreach owio the creation of the owio provides a unique opportunity to analyze the influence of gender on our governmental institutions in this article we explore feminist organizational theory and new institutionalism in organization theory using a longitudinal case study of the owio we argue that a masculine organizational culture permeates the structure and processes of the eop and that this culture ultimately shaped the success of the owio this analysis not only helps us identify the gendered nature of the eop but also enables us to see how governmental institutions incorporate cultural and environmental experiences into their rules and daily routines ever been in the oval office sir i m a little intimidated by my surroundings did you know the city planners when they sat down to design washington d c their intention was to build a city that would intimidate and humble foreign heads of state the white house has the single greatest home court advantage in the modern world excerpt from the film the american president 1995 popular culture and scholars alike commonly describe the modern presidency in relation to power competition and authority bradley patterson 1988 described the white house and the executive office of the president in terms of the ring of power 1 president elsenhower s organizational model of the white house is depicted as a competent machine like football team marching the policy field while kennedy s white house a small fluid basketball team trying to create fast breaks pfiffner 1994 35 at first these observations appear to be benign descriptions of the united states presidency this view however is far from benign instead these descriptions reflect a masculinist culture in of one of our most powerful political institutions the executive office of the president a fact that has far reaching consequences for the design of public policy we discuss here the intersection of gender and the executive office of the president eop we do so by examining in depth the office of women s initiatives and outreach owio and its history within the eop although several modern presidents have designated special assistants to work on women s issues when president clinton created the owio in 1995 it marked the first time that a formally organized office pertaining to women s issues was established in the white house office who under the aegis of the eop after conducting an institutional analysis of the eop and its gendered history we use a case study of the owio to argue that a masculine2 organizational culture permeates the structure and processes of the eop and that this culture shaped the performance and affected the success of the owio this kind of longitudinal analysis will help executive branch scholars and new institutionalists3 to understand better how political institutions incorporate cultural and environmental experiences into their rules and daily routines including those which reveal the gendered nature of the eop further the analysis will help feminist organizational theorists develop a greater understanding of feminist and non feminist organizations especially those located within our political institutions between 1995 and 2000 the owio had four directors two offices and multiple directives for outreach and policy action the first director structured the office non hierarchically she selected an office location outside the gates of the white house and opened the doors to national women s groups with the lure of coffee and cookies in the front office her intention was to create an environment for women advocates in the hope that they could use this office to discuss women s policy subsequent directors structured the office in a much more hierarchical fashion and moved the office closer to the president within the confines of white house security", "title_raw": "Feminist Organizational Structure in the White House: The Office of Women\u2019s Initiatives and Outreach:", "abstract_raw": "In 1995, President Clinton established the first formally organized office for women's issues in the Executive Office of the President (EOP): the Office of Womens Initiatives and Outreach (OWIO). The creation of the OWIO provides a unique opportunity to analyze the influence of gender on our governmental institutions. In this article, we explore feminist organizational theory and new institutionalism in organization theory using a longitudinal case study of the OWIO. We argue that a masculine organizational culture permeates the structure and processes of the EOP and that this culture ultimately shaped the success of the OWIO. This analysis not only helps us identify the gendered nature of the EOP, but also enables us to see how governmental institutions incorporate cultural and environmental experiences into their rules and daily routines. \"Ever been in the Oval Office?\" \"Sir, I'm a little intimidated by my surroundings.\" \"Did you know the city planners, when they sat down to design Washington, D.C., their intention was to build a city that would intimidate and humble foreign heads of State. The White House has the single greatest home court advantage in the modern world.\" . . . excerpt from the film The American President, 1995 Popular culture and scholars alike commonly describe the modern presidency in relation to power, competition, and authority. Bradley Patterson (1988) described the White House and the Executive Office of the President in terms of the \"ring of power.\"1 President Elsenhower's organizational model of the White House is depicted as a \"competent, machine-like football team, marching the policy field,\" while Kennedy's White House \"a small fluid basketball team trying to create fast breaks\" (Pfiffner 1994: 35). At first, these observations appear to be benign descriptions of the United States presidency. This view, however, is far from benign. Instead, these descriptions reflect a masculinist culture in of one of our most powerful political institutions-the Executive Office of the President-a fact that has far-reaching consequences for the design of public policy. We discuss here the intersection of gender and the Executive Office of the President (EOP). We do so by examining, in depth, the Office of Women's Initiatives and Outreach (OWIO) and its history within the EOP. Although several modern presidents have designated special assistants to work on women's issues, when President Clinton created the OWIO in 1995, it marked the first time that a formally organized office pertaining to women's issues was established in the White House Office (WHO) under the aegis of the EOP. After conducting an institutional analysis of the EOP and its gendered history, we use a case study of the OWIO to argue that a masculine2 organizational culture permeates the structure and processes of the EOP and that this culture shaped the performance and affected the success of the OWIO. This kind of longitudinal analysis will help executive branch scholars and new institutionalists3 to understand better how political institutions incorporate cultural and environmental experiences into their rules and daily routines, including those which reveal the gendered nature of the EOP. Further, the analysis will help feminist organizational theorists develop a greater understanding of feminist and non-feminist organizations, especially those located within our political institutions. Between 1995 and 2000, the OWIO had four directors, two offices, and multiple directives for outreach and policy action. The first director structured the office non-hierarchically. She selected an office location outside the gates of the White House and opened the doors to national women's groups with the lure of coffee and cookies in the front office. Her intention was to create an environment for women advocates in the hope that they could use this office to discuss women's policy. Subsequent directors structured the office in a much more hierarchical fashion and moved the office closer to the president within the confines of White House Security. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2092090197", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2003", "title": "managing the president s program presidential leadership and legislative policy formationby andrew rudalevige", "label": [ "83009810", "3116431", "197487636" ], "author": [ "1988879522" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Managing the President's Program: Presidential Leadership and Legislative Policy Formationby Andrew Rudalevige", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2743402590", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2003", "title": "crisis on campus confronting academic misconduct", "label": [ "120912362", "2780587575", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2142147530" ], "reference": [ "2081367964" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Crisis on Campus: Confronting Academic Misconduct", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1668476175", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2003", "title": "terrorist betting leaves defence agency fighting for autonomy", "label": [ "65414064", "203133693" ], "author": [ "555318903" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Terrorist betting leaves defence agency fighting for autonomy.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2788893322", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2003", "title": "why contempt is different agency costs and petty crime in summary contempt proceedings", "label": [ "2777316895" ], "author": [ "2788310985" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Why Contempt Is Different: Agency Costs and \"Petty Crime\" in Summary Contempt Proceedings", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2087918490", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2003", "title": "managing mexico economists from nationalism to neoliberalismby sarah babb", "label": [ "521449643" ], "author": [ "2100446361" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Managing Mexico: Economists from Nationalism to Neoliberalismby Sarah Babb", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2149245929", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "structures do not come with an instruction sheet interests ideas and progress in political science", "label": [ "34355311", "82834280", "31168002", "196927870", "58805660", "86060140", "2778061430", "90508534" ], "author": [ "1980541933" ], "reference": [ "4371184", "437877368", "600222541", "658205552", "1493816286", "1587952549", "1592722884", "1714484465", "1975345058", "1977062359", "1978918752", "1982108682", "1994410690", "1995308616", "1996995334", "1999938923", "2007449497", "2011726496", "2025220749", "2029785989", "2039406194", "2043352815", "2044452769", "2056652073", "2075191293", "2079643502", "2085390566", "2086067004", "2088710690", "2089024585", "2095688137", "2113527524", "2119838352", "2121698464", "2122407370", "2126334589", "2126458904", "2135794894", "2138500941", "2147216973", "2147620534", "2147809281", "2152025942", "2160316953", "2161920755", "2164079995", "2166994805", "2175723801", "2324656367", "2328721332", "2563195016", "2578623623", "2743165002", "3035917733", "3121147769", "3121315524" ], "abstract": "this article questions the centrality of interest based explanation in political science through an examination of the turn to ideas undertaken in the past decade by rationalist and nonrationalist scholars in both comparative politics and international relations it seeks to make three points first interests are far from the unproblematic and ever ready explanatory instruments we assume them to be second the ideational turn of historical institutionalism and constructivist international relations theory marks a substantive theoretical shift in the field precisely because it problematizes notions of action that take interest as given third such scholarship emerged from and in reaction to the inherent limits of rationalist treatments of interests and ideas that it did so suggests that progress in the discipline may be more dialectic rather than linear or paradigmatic than we realize", "title_raw": "Structures Do Not Come with an Instruction Sheet: Interests, Ideas, and Progress in Political Science", "abstract_raw": "This article questions the centrality of interest-based explanation in political science. Through an examination of the \u201cturn to ideas\u201d undertaken in the past decade by rationalist and nonrationalist scholars in both comparative politics and international relations, it seeks to make three points. First, interests are far from the unproblematic and ever-ready explanatory instruments we assume them to be. Second, the ideational turn of historical institutionalism and constructivist international relations theory marks a substantive theoretical shift in the field precisely because it problematizes notions of action that take interest as given. Third, such scholarship emerged from, and in reaction to, the inherent limits of rationalist treatments of interests and ideas. That it did so suggests that progress in the discipline may be more dialectic\u2014rather than linear or paradigmatic\u2014than we realize." }, { "paper": "59263037", "venue": "183770981", "year": "2003", "title": "the right to education under the south african constitution", "label": [ "199539241", "2776154427" ], "author": [ "2642709780" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION UNDER THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONSTITUTION", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2146997491", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2003", "title": "constituency homogeneity economic risk and support for quebec sovereignty a research note", "label": [ "186229450", "2781462389", "3116431", "94625758", "521449643", "520049643", "2779327062" ], "author": [ "2318023369", "2104252207", "2499587195" ], "reference": [ "590856129", "2029350290", "2034180716", "2046041141", "2058796927", "2063606331", "2148788418", "2160728966", "2563300548", "2581716414" ], "abstract": "this article presents a test of the argument that vulnerability to economic dislocation primarily as it is represented by economic homogeneity in communities exercises a constraint on levels of support for quebec nationalism the guiding hypothesis is that residents of economically vulnerable ridings will be reluctant to accept the risks attached with political moves toward independence the authors employ data on the level of support for the bloc quebecois in the federal elections of 1993 and 1997 and the proportion voting yes in the 1995 sovereignty referendum in quebec in the province s 75 federal electoral districts as their measures of support for sovereignty results suggest that there is a relationship between the geographies of potential economic vulnerability and the level of nationalist support particularly evident in the 1995 referendum voting and the 1997 election calculations involving perceived economic vulnerability and risk remain as powerful defenders of the political status quo in quebec", "title_raw": "Constituency Homogeneity, Economic Risk, and Support for Quebec Sovereignty: A Research Note", "abstract_raw": "This article presents a test of the argument that vulnerability to economic dislocation, primarily as it is represented by economic homogeneity in communities, exercises a constraint on levels of support for Quebec nationalism. The guiding hypothesis is that residents of economically vulnerable ridings will be reluctant to accept the risks attached with political moves toward independence. The authors employ data on the level of support for the Bloc Quebecois in the federal elections of 1993 and 1997, and the proportion voting \"Yes\" in the 1995 sovereignty referendum in Quebec, in the province's 75 federal electoral districts as their measures of support for sovereignty. Results suggest that there is a relationship between the geographies of potential economic vulnerability and the level of nationalist support, particularly evident in the 1995 referendum voting and the 1997 election. Calculations involving perceived economic vulnerability and risk remain as powerful defenders of the political status quo in Quebec." }, { "paper": "2163566030", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2003", "title": "the divided electorate media use and political involvement", "label": [ "2779114464", "39549134", "2780110086", "90508534", "94625758", "2779838221", "119452085" ], "author": [ "1227238297", "2088143501" ], "reference": [ "6587125", "239879237", "325872457", "415575268", "562508101", "1463737589", "1479993777", "1529175147", "1540933854", "1967975162", "1980870489", "1982650280", "1984901792", "2030398623", "2039551283", "2064869822", "2074476293", "2083319565", "2084528250", "2103275764", "2104668764", "2117957083", "2141598607", "2157619495", "2157979842", "2172007398", "2272927704", "2312640129", "2322473243", "2324427833", "2744822769", "2761139769", "2799219082", "2963261555" ], "abstract": "research examining media effects on political attitudes has put forth broadly conflicting explanations media use diminishes knowledge and involvement and contributes to political cynicism and declining turnout media use contributes to learning political involvement trust efficacy and mobilization we address these explanations with detailed measures for the netherlands in 1998 a dual effects hypothesis is supported regularly watching television news on the public service channels has positive effects on cognition efficacy and turnout whereas regularly opting for commercial television news has negative effects viewing behavior thus separates the more knowledgeable the efficacious and the politically involved from those who are not revealing what might be described as a virtuous circle for some and a spiral of cynicism for others", "title_raw": "The Divided Electorate: Media Use and Political Involvement", "abstract_raw": "Research examining media effects on political attitudes has put forth broadly conflicting explanations: media use diminishes knowledge and involvement and contributes to political cynicism and declining turnout; media use contributes to learning, political involvement, trust, efficacy, and mobilization. We address these explanations with detailed measures for the Netherlands in 1998. A dual effects hypothesis is supported: regularly watching television news on the public service channels has positive effects on cognition, efficacy, and turnout, whereas regularly opting for commercial television news has negative effects. Viewing behavior thus separates the more knowledgeable, the efficacious, and the politically involved from those who are not, revealing what might be described as a \"virtuous circle\" for some and a \"spiral of cynicism\" for others." }, { "paper": "2106872584", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2003", "title": "democratizing security or decentralizing repression the ambiguities of community policing in kenya", "label": [ "199539241", "3116431", "2780262311", "71343576" ], "author": [ "2619475494", "337947322" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democratizing Security or Decentralizing Repression? The ambiguities of community policing in Kenya", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2152249137", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2003", "title": "non proliferation and the dilemmas of regime change", "label": [ "2780093650" ], "author": [ "2305358809" ], "reference": [ "2902787420" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Non-proliferation and the Dilemmas of Regime Change", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2061269454", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "a comparative study of referendums government by the people by mads qvortrup manchester manchester university press 2002 192p 69 95", "label": [ "3116431", "199539241", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2315447403" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Comparative Study of Referendums: Government by the People. By Mads Qvortrup. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002. 192p. $69.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2125126908", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2003", "title": "protest or mainstream how the european anti immigrant parties developed into two separate groups by 19991", "label": [ "158071213", "94625758", "2777617010", "70036468", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2248891950" ], "reference": [ "218517904", "1561602211", "1966608431", "1990405852", "2017310233", "2022146198", "2025009074", "2031436288", "2041359256", "2046456133", "2065992522", "2075073888", "2102036136", "2118193764", "2126869046", "2138345795", "2152409620", "2153322919", "2157951174", "2161192477", "2164235186", "2322183461" ], "abstract": "in their 1994 study of electoral preferences for anti immigrant parties van der brug et al 2000 concluded that most voters consider anti immigrant parties to be normal parties in this replication using 1999 data the main conclusions of the 1994 study are confirmed for fpo alleanza nazionale dansk folkeparti and vlaams blok preferences for these parties are largely determined by the same variables that determine preferences for other parties votes for these parties should not be interpreted as protest votes things turned out to be different for the lega nord the centrumdemocraten the fremskridtspartiet the french front national the republikaner and the wallonian front national the motivations to vote for any of the latter parties turn out to be substantially different in 1999 than they were in 1994 in 1999 these parties attracted more protest votes or rather they lost their ideological and pragmatic votes this article ends with a discussion of the implications of these findings for our theoretical understanding of electoral support for these parties as well as for the ongoing political debate about the appropriate strategy to fight them", "title_raw": "Protest or mainstream? How the European anti-immigrant parties developed into two separate groups by 19991", "abstract_raw": ".\u00a0 In their 1994 study of electoral preferences for anti-immigrant parties, Van der Brug et al. (2000) concluded that most voters consider anti-immigrant parties to be normal parties. In this replication using 1999 data, the main conclusions of the 1994 study are confirmed for FPO, Alleanza Nazionale, Dansk Folkeparti and Vlaams Blok. Preferences for these parties are largely determined by the same variables that determine preferences for other parties. Votes for these parties should not be interpreted as protest votes. Things turned out to be different for the Lega Nord, the Centrumdemocraten, the Fremskridtspartiet, the French Front national, the Republikaner and the Wallonian Front National. The motivations to vote for any of the latter parties turn out to be substantially different in 1999 than they were in 1994. In 1999, these parties attracted more protest votes, or rather they lost their ideological and pragmatic votes. This article ends with a discussion of the implications of these findings for our theoretical understanding of electoral support for these parties, as well as for the ongoing political debate about the appropriate strategy to fight them." }, { "paper": "2550104739", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2003", "title": "how to deal with north korea", "label": [ "76775654" ], "author": [ "2499936905", "2553084777" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How to Deal with North Korea", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "592485307", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2003", "title": "citizens of fear urban violence in latin america", "label": [ "158886217", "2776398702", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2240306456", "2202615702" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "citizens in latin american cities live in constant fear amidst some of the most dangerous conditions on earth in that vast region 140 million people die violently each year and one out of three citizens have been directly or indirectly victimized by violence in venezuela adults are on average targets of crime seventeen crimes in their lifetimes four of which are violent in mexico 97 percent of all reported crimes go unpunished crime in effect is an undeclared war citizens of fear in part assembles survey results of social scientists who document the pervasiveness of violence but the numbers tell only part of the story other contributors present moving testimonials by the victimized and by journalists covering the scene a third group of essayists explores the implications of the resulting fear for both thought and behavior as susana rotker writes the city has been transformed into a space of vulnerability and danger what i am interested in narrating here is the generalized sensation of insecurity that taints the latin american capitals the sensation that has changed the ways people relate to urban space to other human beings to the state and to the very concept of citizenship", "title_raw": "Citizens of fear : urban violence in Latin America", "abstract_raw": "Citizens in Latin American cities live in constant fear, amidst some of the most dangerous conditions on earth. In that vast region, 140 million people die violently each year, and one out of three citizens have been directly or indirectly victimized by violence. In Venezuela, adults are on average targets of crime seventeen crimes in their lifetimes, four of which are violent. In Mexico, 97 percent of all reported crimes go unpunished. Crime, in effect, is an undeclared war. Citizens of Fear, in part, assembles survey results of social scientists who document the pervasiveness of violence. But the numbers tell only part of the story. Other contributors present moving testimonials by the victimized and by journalists covering the scene. A third group of essayists explores the implications of the resulting fear for both thought and behavior. As Susana Rotker writes, \"The city has been transformed into a space of vulnerability and danger...What I am interested in narrating here is...the generalized sensation of insecurity that taints the Latin American capitals, the sensation that has changed the ways people relate to urban space, to other human beings, to the state, and to the very concept of citizenship. \"" }, { "paper": "2021128503", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "a right to representation proportional elections systems for the twenty first century by kathleen l barber columbus ohio state university press 2000 211p 55 00 cloth 21 95 paper", "label": [ "2776398702", "119588120", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2332587881" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Right to Representation: Proportional Elections Systems for the Twenty-First Century. By Kathleen L. Barber. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2000. 211p. $55.00 cloth, $21.95 paper", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2038225967", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2003", "title": "conceptualizing chronic poverty", "label": [ "13543017", "2776094956", "196777733", "189326681", "536738050", "178377140", "2777433830" ], "author": [ "2045211633", "2150083721" ], "reference": [ "21438959", "189830934", "238067444", "302449142", "646871639", "1498920961", "1502353395", "1535803599", "1543208155", "1587438999", "1747380081", "1826583474", "1966460656", "1972716604", "1992359459", "1997141194", "2000953468", "2003117313", "2007057265", "2008201778", "2010189956", "2035247185", "2042548264", "2042797268", "2060879905", "2066087920", "2090159278", "2094066118", "2095107847", "2096374931", "2108601834", "2117502148", "2118817222", "2136004508", "2141151109", "2159536850", "2168273432", "2226989203", "2301039886", "2316424545", "2476386748", "2621179148", "3124897968", "3125301385", "3125487677" ], "abstract": "abstract this paper provides a meaning for the term chronic poverty in a nutshell and explores the concepts of poverty vulnerability and poverty dynamics that underpin this meaning subsequently it reviews who is chronically poor why they stay poor and what is known about policies to reduce chronic poverty despite the limited knowledge available it is clear that hundreds of millions of people are chronically poor the causes are multifarious but can be analyzed through livelihoods frameworks and that the scale and nature of chronic poverty will require an increase in the levels of financing allocated to social protection in developing countries recent conceptual and methodological advances and the increasing availability of panel datasets mean that the analysis of deprivation can move on from poverty trends to poverty dynamics", "title_raw": "Conceptualizing Chronic Poverty", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This paper provides a meaning for the term chronic poverty \u201cin a nutshell\u201d and explores the concepts of poverty, vulnerability and poverty dynamics that underpin this meaning. Subsequently, it reviews \u201cwho\u201d is chronically poor, \u201cwhy\u201d they stay poor and what is known about policies to reduce chronic poverty. Despite the limited knowledge available it is clear that hundreds of millions of people are chronically poor, the causes are multifarious but can be analyzed through livelihoods frameworks and that the scale and nature of chronic poverty will require an increase in the levels of financing allocated to social protection in developing countries. Recent conceptual and methodological advances, and the increasing availability of panel datasets, mean that the analysis of deprivation can move on from poverty trends to poverty dynamics." }, { "paper": "2009262520", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2003", "title": "internally displaced people a global survey", "label": [ "13934251" ], "author": [ "2343798082" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Internally Displaced People: A Global Survey", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2048756783", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2003", "title": "postcommunist transformation and the social sciences cross disciplinary approaches", "label": [ "53844881", "68062652", "17058734", "521449643", "151915780", "83549873", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2587706927", "2631885134", "1896640829" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "chapter 1 cross disciplinary approaches to postcommunist transformation context and agenda chapter 2 transformation as a subject of economic theory chapter 3 the crisis of transition as a state crisis chapter 4 trust in transition chapter 5 networks social capital and leadership methodological remarks on approaches to the study of postcommunist transformation chapter 6 comparative economics and the study of russian transition chapter 7 talking the talk and walking the walk the cultural and institutional effects of western models chapter 8 global transnational and national change mechanisms bridging international and comparative approaches to postcommunist transformation chapter 9 economic transformation moral resources and the state in postsocialist societies on the comparative analysis of transformation paths in central and eastern europe chapter 10 transformation process modernization patterns and collective identities democratization nationalism and religion in postcommunist germany poland and russia chapter 11 the path dependence of transitology chapter 12 an excursion to the transitology zoo comments on bela greskovits chapter 13 commentary on bela greskovits the path dependence of transitology", "title_raw": "Postcommunist transformation and the social sciences : cross-disciplinary approaches", "abstract_raw": "Chapter 1 Cross-Disciplinary Approaches to Postcommunist Transformation: Context and Agenda Chapter 2 Transformation as a Subject of Economic Theory Chapter 3 The Crisis of Transition as a State Crisis Chapter 4 Trust in Transition Chapter 5 Networks, Social Capital and Leadership: Methodological Remarks on Approaches to the Study of Postcommunist Transformation Chapter 6 Comparative Economics and the Study of Russian Transition Chapter 7 Talking the Talk and Walking the Walk: The Cultural and Institutional Effects of Western Models Chapter 8 Global, Transnational, and National Change Mechanisms: Bridging International and Comparative Approaches to Postcommunist Transformation Chapter 9 Economic Transformation, Moral Resources, and the State in Postsocialist Societies: On the Comparative Analysis of Transformation Paths in Central and Eastern Europe Chapter 10 Transformation Process, Modernization Patterns, and Collective Identities: Democratization, Nationalism, and Religion in Postcommunist Germany, Poland, and Russia Chapter 11 The Path-Dependence of Transitology Chapter 12 An Excursion to the Transitology Zoo: Comments on Bela Greskovits Chapter 13 Commentary on Bela Greskovits, \"The Path-Dependence of Transitology\"" }, { "paper": "1973254798", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2003", "title": "an investigation of the sources of influence of corporate public relations practitioners", "label": [ "201717286", "39549134", "2776424047" ], "author": [ "2577403480" ], "reference": [ "1507004422", "1964354126", "1967236252", "1971125535", "1989261040", "1997052091", "2006109978", "2009624675", "2013487146", "2028535250", "2031086923", "2046440808", "2046613683", "2093656843", "2167440986", "2494094159", "2518071374" ], "abstract": "abstract research is unclear about what types of measures contribute most to the influence of the public relations practitioner the purpose of this study was twofold 1 to determine what combination of measures structural individual or relational contribute most to the organizational influence of corporate public relations practitioners and 2 to analyze what types of upward influence tactics have the most impact on corporate public relations practitioners organizational influence slightly more than 300 senior level public relations practitioners employed at corporations across the united states participated factor analyses and multiple regression analyses were used to interpret the data four measures were found to contribute to the organizational influence of corporate public relations practitioners perceptions of value enactment of the managerial role reporting relationship and years of professional experience the upward influence tactics of rationality assertiveness coalition and ingratiation also contribute to practitioners organizational influence implications and suggestions for future research are offered", "title_raw": "An investigation of the sources of influence of corporate public relations practitioners", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Research is unclear about what types of measures contribute most to the influence of the public relations practitioner. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine what combination of measures\u2014structural, individual, or relational\u2014contribute most to the organizational influence of corporate public relations practitioners, and (2) to analyze what types of upward influence tactics have the most impact on corporate public relations practitioners\u2019 organizational influence. Slightly more than 300 senior-level public relations practitioners employed at corporations across the United States participated. Factor analyses and multiple regression analyses were used to interpret the data. Four measures were found to contribute to the organizational influence of corporate public relations practitioners: perceptions of value, enactment of the managerial role, reporting relationship, and years of professional experience. The upward influence tactics of rationality, assertiveness, coalition, and ingratiation also contribute to practitioners\u2019 organizational influence. Implications and suggestions for future research are offered." }, { "paper": "1970022636", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2003", "title": "understanding modern taiwan essays in economics politics and social policy edited by christian aspalter aldershot and burlington ashgate 2001 xii 235 pp 42 50 isbn 0 7546 1602 9", "label": [ "94625758", "19159745" ], "author": [ "289336670" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Understanding Modern Taiwan. Essays in Economics, Politics and Social Policy. Edited by CHRISTIAN ASPALTER. [Aldershot and Burlington: Ashgate, 2001. xii+235 pp. \u00a342.50. ISBN 0-7546-1602-9.]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1970047667", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "women and guerrilla movements nicaragua el salvador chiapas cuba by karen kampwirth university park pennsylvania state university press 2002 194p 35 00", "label": [ "2776398702", "203663800" ], "author": [ "2664188432" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Women and Guerrilla Movements: Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chiapas, Cuba. By Karen Kampwirth. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002. 194p. $35.00", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2800961609", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2003", "title": "japan s new nationalism", "label": [ "2777617010", "2776323365", "194110935", "521449643", "137355542" ], "author": [ "2802749113" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "ever since world war ii the slightest sign of nationalism in japan has been widely denounced at home and abroad recently however discussions that were once taboo including whether to rearm or even develop nuclear weapons have moved into the japanese mainstream yet the country s critics need not be alarmed a little healthy nationalism may be just what japan with its faltering economy needs most", "title_raw": "Japan's New Nationalism", "abstract_raw": "Ever since World War II, the slightest sign of nationalism in Japan has been widely denounced, at home and abroad. Recently, however, discussions that were once taboo -- including whether to rearm or even develop nuclear weapons -- have moved into the Japanese mainstream. Yet the country's critics need not be alarmed; a little healthy nationalism may be just what Japan, with its faltering economy, needs most." }, { "paper": "2130356333", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2003", "title": "constituting federal sovereignty the european union in comparative perspective by leslie friedman goldstein baltimore the johns hopkins university press 2001 pp 242 39 95", "label": [ "186229450" ], "author": [ "2160132051" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Constituting Federal Sovereignty: The European Union in Comparative Perspective . By Leslie Friedman Goldstein. (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. Pp. 242. $39.95.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2095377418", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2003", "title": "belgium s war crimes statute a postmortem", "label": [ "199539241", "17319257", "195064531" ], "author": [ "1277923132" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Belgium's War Crimes Statute: A Postmortem", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2038842454", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2003", "title": "challenges and opportunities facing nonprofit organizations", "label": [ "2776398702", "2777352838", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2139119573" ], "reference": [ "601318419", "2092616486" ], "abstract": "books reviewed in this article lester m salamon ed the state of nonprofit america peter frumkin on being nonprofit a conceptual and policy primer paul c light pathways to nonprofit excellence", "title_raw": "Challenges and Opportunities Facing Nonprofit Organizations", "abstract_raw": "Books reviewed in this article:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nLester M. Salamon (ed.), The State of Nonprofit America\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPeter Frumkin, On Being Nonprofit: A Conceptual and Policy Primer\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPaul C. Light, Pathways to Nonprofit Excellence" }, { "paper": "1550916951", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "who s no 1 academy hopes new rankings will say more", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the national research council once again hopes to rate the quality of u s doctoral research programs but this time it wants to address the needs of students too", "title_raw": "Who's no. 1? Academy hopes new rankings will say more", "abstract_raw": "The National Research Council once again hopes to rate the quality of U.S. doctoral research programs. But this time it wants to address the needs of students, too." }, { "paper": "2050210286", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2003", "title": "a systematic and critical review of the process of translation and adaptation of generic health related quality of life measures in africa asia eastern europe the middle east south america", "label": [ "536738050", "168646138", "76775654", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2142322432", "2301505054" ], "reference": [ "144947843", "156335384", "1496808052", "1587877887", "1835494356", "2007191592", "2044726132", "2049444890", "2088248753", "2106374332", "2146931824", "2150377764", "2245266565", "2322069134", "2781280072" ], "abstract": "in recent years there has been a worldwide increase in demand for subjective measures of health related quality of life hrql researchers have the choice of whether to develop a new measure or whether to adapt an existing measure in another language this review evaluates the processes used in translating and adapting nine generic hrql instruments 15d dartmouth coop wonca charts euroqol hui nhp sip sf 36 qwb whoqol for use in africa asia eastern europe the middle east and south america the review adopts a universalist model of equivalence outlined by herdman fox rushby and badia qual life res 7 1998 323 to judge the 58 papers reviewed research spans 23 countries and is dominated by research in the east asia and pacific region and the sf 36 results are reported for conceptual item semantic operational measurement and functional equivalence it is argued that currently there is a misguided pre occupation with scales rather than the concepts being scaled and too much reliance on unsubstantiated claims of conceptual equivalence however researchers using the whoqol approach are more likely to establish reliable conclusions concerning the equivalence of their instrument across countries it is a key conclusion of this review that research practice and translation guidelines still need to change to facilitate more effective and less biased assessments of equivalence of hrql measures across countries", "title_raw": "A systematic and critical review of the process of translation and adaptation of generic health-related quality of life measures in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, South America.", "abstract_raw": "In recent years there has been a worldwide increase in demand for subjective measures of health-related quality of life (HRQL). Researchers have the choice of whether to develop a new measure or whether to adapt an existing measure in another language. This review evaluates the processes used in translating and adapting nine generic HRQL instruments (15D, Dartmouth COOP/WONCA Charts, EuroQol, HUI, NHP, SIP, SF-36, QWB, WHOQOL) for use in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and South America. The review adopts a universalist model of equivalence, outlined by Herdman, Fox-Rushby, and Badia (Qual. Life Res. 7 (1998) 323), to judge the 58 papers reviewed. Research spans 23 countries and is dominated by research in the East Asia and Pacific region and the SF-36. Results are reported for conceptual, item, semantic, operational, measurement and functional equivalence. It is argued that currently there is a misguided pre-occupation with scales rather than the concepts being scaled and too much reliance on unsubstantiated claims of conceptual equivalence. However, researchers using the WHOQOL approach are more likely to establish reliable conclusions concerning the equivalence of their instrument across countries. It is a key conclusion of this review that research practice and translation guidelines still need to change to facilitate more effective and less biased assessments of equivalence of HRQL measures across countries." }, { "paper": "2029423769", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2003", "title": "the conditional impact of blame attribution on the relationship between economic adversity and turnout", "label": [ "148834064", "520049643", "2779838221" ], "author": [ "1999333148" ], "reference": [ "415575268", "1533612594", "1595169306", "1981234604", "1981993278", "1984901792", "1992987457", "1995297713", "2000647362", "2013830632", "2016808632", "2020694618", "2034301206", "2041434958", "2046074210", "2052866302", "2054432526", "2055565339", "2063236012", "2064683006", "2065994398", "2066526690", "2072951353", "2074590296", "2083620364", "2083655111", "2097908050", "2109719716", "2109800312", "2115074743", "2121191610", "2122090987", "2127304146", "2147148194", "2150796138", "2159015387", "2166223576", "2238191081", "2315210453", "2318207693", "2327332664", "2328989698", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "previous research has found that those facing economic adversity are less likely to vote this has serious implications for the nature of democratic accountability since those who are less likely to vote in an economic downturn may also be the ones most likely to punish the incumbent party in fact some have used aggregated electoral data to justify such a claim radcliff 1994 however such conclusions are premature once the intervening effects of blame attribution are taken into consideration there are conditions under which economic adversity actually enhances turnout data from the american national election studies 1990 98 demonstrate that those facing economic adversity are more likely to vote when they blame the government for economic outcomes these are the same people who have been shown in numerous economic voting studies to be much less supportive of the in party these findings suggest that economic adversity does not necessarily constrain democratic accountability and highlight the pe", "title_raw": "The Conditional Impact of Blame Attribution on the Relationship Between Economic Adversity and Turnout", "abstract_raw": "Previous research has found that those facing economic adversity are less likely to vote. This has serious implications for the nature of democratic accountability, since those who are less likely to vote in an economic downturn may also be the ones most likely to punish the incumbent party. In fact, some have used aggregated electoral data to justify such a claim (Radcliff 1994). However, such conclusions are premature. Once the intervening effects of blame attribution are taken into consideration, there are conditions under which economic adversity actually enhances turnout. Data from the American National Election Studies (1990-98) demonstrate that those facing economic adversity are more likely to vote when they blame the government for economic outcomes. These are the same people who have been shown in numerous economic voting studies to be much less supportive of the in-party. These findings suggest that economic adversity does not necessarily constrain democratic accountability and highlight the pe..." }, { "paper": "2075606727", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2003", "title": "ideological and analytical foundations of mine action human rights and community impact", "label": [ "2780098792", "169437150", "158071213", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2645555389" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article suggests that the ideological and analytical foundations and steering mechanisms of mine action are at present less than adequate resulting in failure to optimise impact and efficiency the article will provide a review of the current drifting ideological basis of mine action and will present the argument for the incorporation and adoption of a rights based approach it will also discuss the urgent and continuing need to prioritise mine action through an increased level of community participation and more rigorous impact measurement while highlighting the limitations of using socioeconomic analysis as the basis for operations and decision making", "title_raw": "Ideological and analytical foundations of mine action: human rights and community impact", "abstract_raw": "This article suggests that the ideological and analytical foundations and steering mechanisms of mine action are at present less than adequate, resulting in failure to optimise impact and efficiency. The article will provide a review of the current drifting ideological basis of mine action and will present the argument for the incorporation and adoption of a rights-based approach. It will also discuss the urgent and continuing need to prioritise mine action through an increased level of community participation and more rigorous impact measurement, while highlighting the limitations of using socioeconomic analysis as the basis for operations and decision making." }, { "paper": "1513306978", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "science university fears merger could weaken research program", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "1817140627" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "hong kongtokyo by all accounts the hong kong university of science and technology hkust is a 12 year old experiment that is working well yet the government is examining the possibility of merging hkust with the older larger and comprehensive chinese university of hong kong", "title_raw": "Science University Fears Merger Could Weaken Research Program", "abstract_raw": "HONG KONGTOKYO-- By all accounts, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) is a 12-year-old experiment that is working well. Yet the government is examining the possibility of merging HKUST with the older, larger, and comprehensive Chinese University of Hong Kong." }, { "paper": "2099922000", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2003", "title": "environmental activism and social networks campaigning for bicycles and alternative transport in west london", "label": [ "123108692", "552854447", "2777617010", "2780668109", "94625758", "203404855" ], "author": [ "1972737494" ], "reference": [ "50932403", "584158705", "622209915", "1513108201", "1539308977", "1605327470", "1982504795", "1988854621", "2007636821", "2026868276", "2063201378", "2085253317", "2129781401", "2135393024", "2318660846", "2323781633", "2573474202", "2799085520" ], "abstract": "a key element of sustainable development in cities is the implementation of more effective less polluting and equitable transportation policy this article examines the role of activist organizations promoting transport alternatives in london britain s capital city and its largest metropolitan area major national citywide and local policy changes have permitted citizens groups to work more actively with progressive elements in government planning breaking down citizen expert divides in west london the most congested sector of the metropolis an environmentally based social network the ealing cycling campaign promotes cycling as a sustain able transport alternative its strategies require active cooperation with the local state rather than radical opposition to it raising questions about the oppositional stance more commonly found among urban social movements environmental citizenship needs to be founded on social realities and conduced in mainstream political systems if it is to be effective", "title_raw": "Environmental Activism and Social Networks: Campaigning for Bicycles and Alternative Transport in West London", "abstract_raw": "A key element of sustainable development in cities is the implementation of more effective, less polluting, and equitable transportation policy. This article examines the role of activist organizations promoting transport alternatives in London, Britain's capital city and its largest metropolitan area. Major national, citywide, and local policy changes have permitted citizens' groups to work more actively with progressive elements in government planning, breaking down citizen-expert divides. In West London, the most congested sector of the metropolis, an environmentally based social network, the Ealing Cycling Campaign, promotes cycling as a sustain-able transport alternative. Its strategies require active cooperation with the local state rather than radical opposition to it, raising questions about the oppositional stance more commonly found among urban social movements. Environmental citizenship needs to be founded on social realities and conduced in mainstream political systems if it is to be effective..." }, { "paper": "2091466740", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2003", "title": "aids prevention in zambia implications for social services", "label": [ "16920402", "536738050" ], "author": [ "2055280000", "1657020441", "2167990383" ], "reference": [ "53080636", "611855639", "1491644571", "1510391215", "1532786096", "1567462968", "1589416400", "1900225771", "1963554964", "1967850359", "1980921329", "1999049524", "2010753637", "2030040136", "2049266804", "2064178952", "2084231017", "2091357421", "2144285624", "2149734850", "2158858906", "2274629702", "2419194604", "2442419815", "3147331814" ], "abstract": "abstract the incidence of aids continues to be higher in the african continent than elsewhere in the world in zambia given the current pace of infection projections suggest that approximately two million zambians are likely to die toward the end of this decade in this paper we argue that current aids educational programs can be substantially reinforced by incorporating the services of family planning agencies in zambia data used for the study come from the zambia demographic health survey zdhs 1996 we suggest that the social work profession has crucial responsibility for designing aids prevention programs a number of roles that social workers can play based on the values and philosophy of the profession is outlined limitations of the study are also discussed", "title_raw": "AIDS Prevention in Zambia: Implications for Social Services", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The incidence of AIDS continues to be higher in the African continent than elsewhere in the world. In Zambia, given the current pace of infection, projections suggest that approximately two million Zambians are likely to die toward the end of this decade. In this paper, we argue that current AIDS educational programs can be substantially reinforced by incorporating the services of family planning agencies in Zambia. Data used for the study come from the Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS), 1996. We suggest that the social work profession has crucial responsibility for designing AIDS prevention programs. A number of roles that social workers can play based on the values and philosophy of the profession is outlined. Limitations of the study are also discussed." }, { "paper": "163701228", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2003", "title": "enactment of the sudan peace act", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2579672349" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Enactment of the Sudan Peace Act", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2011198779", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2003", "title": "reviews of books the battle for children world war ii youth crime and juvenile justice in twentieth century france sarah fishman", "label": [ "199539241", "139621336", "137355542" ], "author": [ "2970467025" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reviews of Books:The Battle for Children: World War II, Youth Crime, and Juvenile Justice in Twentieth-Century France Sarah Fishman", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2071701571", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2003", "title": "finanzausgleichspolitik in der volksrepublik china eine empirische analyse der haushaltsreformpolitik von 1994 im spannungsfeld zwischen zentrale und peripherie by dagmar hauff frankfurt peter lang 2002 xxii 253 pp isbn 3 631 37437 2", "label": [ "191935318", "136810230" ], "author": [ "2416514699" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this book attempts to analyse one aspect of the 1994 fiscal reforms in china namely the effects of fiscal decentralization on the fiscal relations of and between subnational government units in particular the provinces unlike most other books on fiscal reforms or the fiscal side of state local relations finanzausgleichspolitik in der volksrepublik china makes use of the toolkit of economics to cut through the different forms and stages of fiscal reforms and to offer an analytical form by which the effects can be assessed", "title_raw": "Finanzausgleichspolitik in der Volksrepublik China: Eine empirische Analyse der Haushaltsreformpolitik von 1994 im Spannungsfeld zwischen Zentrale und Peripherie. By DAGMAR HAUFF . [Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2002. xxii+253 pp. ISBN 3-631-37437-2.]", "abstract_raw": "This book attempts to analyse one aspect of the 1994 fiscal reforms in China, namely the effects of fiscal decentralization on the fiscal relations of and between subnational government units, in particular the provinces. Unlike most other books on fiscal reforms or the fiscal side of state\u2013local relations, Finanzausgleichspolitik in der Volksrepublik China makes use of the toolkit of economics to cut through the different forms and stages of fiscal reforms and to offer an analytical form by which the effects can be assessed." }, { "paper": "1485545044", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2003", "title": "open access wins german support", "label": [ "3116431", "2779473830", "147859227" ], "author": [ "303834104" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Open access wins German support.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2546112813", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2003", "title": "how europe and america defend themselves", "label": [ "203133693", "111141941", "2780643141", "506469952", "173145845", "2777162435", "81631423" ], "author": [ "2681813107" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "after the united states was attacked by terrorists on september 1i 2001 its european allies were among the first nations to express sympathy and pledge their aid in the war to come the fact that many european countries have long experienced terrorism themselves helped ensure a great deal of transatlantic empathy and cooperation at least at first france germany italy spain and the united kingdom have all suffered political violence over the past 30 years and were thus predisposed to help the united states in its new struggle against al qaeda but the kind of terrorism these european countries have suffered old terrorism differs substantially from that suddenly faced by the united states as time passed these differences started to erode the thoroughgoing unity that had flourished right after september ii nowhere were the differences between the european and american experiences and approach more evident than in homeland security even as washington scrambled to adopt new measures to defend itself there was notably less haste among european authorities to tighten immigration policies or improve border security this was typified by the dispute between the french and british governments over paris refusal to close the sangatte refugee camp near calais since the war in kosovo hundreds of refugees many of afghan origin had sought to flee the camp for illegal entry into the united kingdom via the", "title_raw": "How Europe and America Defend Themselves", "abstract_raw": "AFTER the United States was attacked by terrorists on September 1i, 2001, its European allies were among the first nations to express sympathy and pledge their aid in the war to come. The fact that many European countries have long experienced terrorism themselves helped ensure a great deal of transatlantic empathy and cooperation-at least at first. France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom have all suffered political violence over the past 30 years and were thus predisposed to help the United States in its new struggle against al Qaeda. But the kind of terrorism these European countries have suffered-\"old\" terrorism-differs substantially from that suddenly faced by the United States. As time passed, these differences started to erode the thoroughgoing unity that had flourished right after September II. Nowhere were the differences between the European and American experiences and approach more evident than in homeland security. Even as Washington scrambled to adopt new measures to defend itself, there was notably less haste among European authorities to tighten immigration policies or improve border security. This was typified by the dispute between the French and British governments over Paris' refusal to close the Sangatte refugee camp near Calais. Since the war in Kosovo, hundreds of refugees, many of Afghan origin, had sought to flee the camp for illegal entry into the United Kingdom via the" }, { "paper": "3122911573", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2003", "title": "public support for the european parliament", "label": [ "3116431", "46295352", "94625758", "2781440851", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2167284256" ], "reference": [ "435586699", "1966754005", "1973667070", "1999625018", "2066093827", "2091387059", "2092078742", "2108818539", "2116877392", "2149648822", "2151949046", "2331814307", "2488705957" ], "abstract": "the study of the european parliament ep is motivated in large part by its central role in the democratic legitimacy of the european union eu public support for the ep is important to this legitimacy at a fundamental level a parliament designed to represent citizens ought to enjoy public respect and support and in this study i examine whether eu citizens vary systematically in their support for the ep based on regression analysis of eurobarometer survey data i demonstrate that eu citizens differ in their support for the ep based on their considerations of the current scope of eu governance their appraisal of eu membership their sense of european political identity and their level of satisfaction with national democracy these results have implications for how institutional reforms may shape public support for and the legitimacy of the eu", "title_raw": "Public Support for the European Parliament", "abstract_raw": "The study of the European Parliament (EP) is motivated in large part by its central role in the democratic legitimacy of the European Union (EU). Public support for the EP is important to this legitimacy. At a fundamental level, a parliament designed to represent citizens ought to enjoy public respect and support and, in this study, I examine whether EU citizens vary systematically in their support for the EP. Based on regression analysis of Eurobarometer survey data, I demonstrate that EU citizens differ in their support for the EP based on their considerations of the current scope of EU governance, their appraisal of EU membership, their sense of European political identity, and their level of satisfaction with national democracy. These results have implications for how institutional reforms may shape public support for and the legitimacy of the EU." }, { "paper": "3121418558", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2003", "title": "the impossibility of citizenship", "label": [ "2776154427", "55447825", "186229450", "2776398702", "2776261394", "2780946765", "2776558882", "547727832" ], "author": [ "2313072256", "2258367838" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "these are interesting times at the constitutional margins questions about where the constitution takes up and leaves off are more frequently in play one can no longer so readily assume the constitution to supply an authoritative metric as we confront prominent cases of nonapplication at the same time the increasing robustness of international norms has prompted a vigorous reconsideration of their relationship to domestic ones where the twentieth century was marked by deep segmentation among national legal regimes with minimal transboundary interpenetration recent years have seen the advent of complex overlapping regimes subnational national regional and global public and private sorting out these regimes and finding the place of the constitution among them poses a foundational challenge for america s constitutional future these questions have until recent years also been at the margins in the academy where they have not attracted much direct scholarly inquiry as in related disciplines constitutional theory has taken the state and the national community as exogenous quantities whose edges are in effect assumed congruent with those of the universe straddling contexts have long been absent from the constitutional canon the academic mainstream has for instance taken little interest in the constitutional puzzles of immigration and international law scholars in those and related areas have suffered a sort of stepchild status among constitutional law theorists their concerns dismissed as constitutional anomalies rather than studied as constitutional keys that sort of marginalization is a thing of the past as major constitutional thinkers begin to map the possibilities of the new order t alexander aleinikoff s semblances of sovereignty will surely count as", "title_raw": "THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF CITIZENSHIP", "abstract_raw": "These are interesting times at the constitutional margins. Questions about where the Constitution takes up and leaves off are more frequently in play; one can no longer so readily assume the Constitution to supply an authoritative metric as we confront prominent cases of nonapplication. At the same time, the increasing robustness of international norms has prompted a vigorous reconsideration of their relationship to domestic ones. Where the twentieth century was marked by deep segmentation among national legal regimes, with minimal transboundary interpenetration, recent years have seen the advent of complex, overlapping regimes: subnational, national, regional, and global, public and private. Sorting out these regimes, and finding the place of the Constitution among them, poses a foundational challenge for America's constitutional future. These questions have until recent years also been at the margins in the academy, where they have not attracted much direct scholarly inquiry. As in related disciplines, constitutional theory has taken the state and the national community as exogenous quantities, whose edges are (in effect) assumed congruent with those of the universe. Straddling contexts have long been absent from the constitutional canon. The academic mainstream has, for instance, taken little interest in the constitutional puzzles of immigration and international law. Scholars in those and related areas have suffered a sort of stepchild status among constitutional-law theorists, their concerns dismissed as constitutional anomalies rather than studied as constitutional keys. That sort of marginalization is a thing of the past, as major constitutional thinkers begin to map the possibilities of the new order. T. Alexander Aleinikoff's' Semblances of Sovereignty will surely count as" }, { "paper": "2003996395", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2003", "title": "a user s guide to campaign finance reformedited by gerald c lubenow", "label": [ "2780883770", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2314784104" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A User's Guide to Campaign Finance Reformedited by Gerald C. Lubenow", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2019475887", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2003", "title": "global political campaigning a worldwide analysis of campaign professionals and their practicesby fritz plasser with gunda plasser", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2135112308" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Global Political Campaigning: A Worldwide Analysis of Campaign Professionals and Their Practicesby Fritz Plasser with Gunda Plasser", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1991422967", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2003", "title": "superterrorism policy responsesedited by lawrence freedman malden ma", "label": [ "2781078094" ], "author": [ "2343660231" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Superterrorism: Policy Responsesedited by Lawrence Freedman. Malden, MA", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2032306370", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2003", "title": "an institution in its own right understanding ballot issue politics in the larger context", "label": [ "3116431", "2777094542", "94625758", "2780510313" ], "author": [ "2166009373" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "An Institution in its Own Right: Understanding Ballot Issue Politics in the Larger Context", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2025677674", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2003", "title": "genocide and the global village by kenneth j campbell basingstoke palgrave press 2001 192 pp 37 50 hardback 0 312 21890 7 hardback", "label": [ "204342414" ], "author": [ "2649170454" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Genocide and the Global Village, by Kenneth J. Campbell. Basingstoke: Palgrave Press, 2001. 192 pp. \u00a337.50 hardback. 0\u2010312\u201021890\u20107 (hardback)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1980678255", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2003", "title": "debating the politics of genetics", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2184908808" ], "reference": [ "598170858" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Debating the politics of genetics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1511612195", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "epa report takes heat for climate change edits", "label": [ "70798638", "3116431" ], "author": [ "1736644647" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "environmental indicatorsthe draft report on the environment turned out to be a fitting swansong for christine todd whitman the departing head of the environmental protection agency epa who s been at odds with the white house but is credited with boosting science at the agency released on 23 june the report sums up epa s view of the most solid scientific measurements of environmental quality across the united states", "title_raw": "EPA Report Takes Heat for Climate Change Edits", "abstract_raw": "ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORSThe Draft Report on the Environment turned out to be a fitting swansong for Christine Todd Whitman, the departing head of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) who's been at odds with the White House but is credited with boosting science at the agency. Released on 23 June, the report sums up EPA's view of the most solid scientific measurements of environmental quality across the United States." }, { "paper": "2134184377", "venue": "45992627", "year": "2003", "title": "the new russia a handbook of economic and political developments", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "3040776447" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The New Russia: A Handbook of Economic and Political Developments", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2287638236", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2003", "title": "diversity through specialization", "label": [ "2781316041" ], "author": [ "2170113885" ], "reference": [ "1483897237", "2063429978", "2117184646", "2331303028", "3145410048" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Diversity through Specialization", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2197328624", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2003", "title": "the voting power approach a theory of measurement", "label": [ "2776051254", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2163654896" ], "reference": [ "84066107", "1535060305", "1541091366", "1967430630", "2025313978", "2027982644", "2068969959", "2069655803", "2077884673", "2091346376", "2131443097", "2167434309" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Voting Power Approach: A Theory of Measurement", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2079483016", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2003", "title": "the land beyond collected essays on refugee law and policy", "label": [ "199539241", "2777251787" ], "author": [ "2578794793" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Land Beyond: Collected Essays on Refugee Law and Policy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2058008129", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2003", "title": "confusion between prostitution and sex trafficking", "label": [ "53001019", "169437150", "2776153805" ], "author": [ "2699125497" ], "reference": [ "1551011515", "2175330744" ], "abstract": "the distinction between trafficking and prostitution is important because it pivots on individual agency trafficking though variously defined covers coercion forced labour and slavery prostitution describes the sale of sex by no means necessarily without consent or with coercion at a time when trafficking is increasing as are international efforts to tackle it it is critical to clarify the differences between the issues excerpt", "title_raw": "Confusion between prostitution and sex trafficking", "abstract_raw": "The distinction between trafficking and prostitution is important because it pivots on individual agency. Trafficking though variously defined covers coercion forced labour and slavery. Prostitution describes the sale of sex by no means necessarily without consent or with coercion. At a time when trafficking is increasing as are international efforts to tackle it it is critical to clarify the differences between the issues. (excerpt)" }, { "paper": "2095550912", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2003", "title": "taming labour s meps", "label": [ "3116431", "2781440851", "199539241", "2778069335" ], "author": [ "2056873938" ], "reference": [ "617558874", "2017750072", "2020834615", "2080204646" ], "abstract": "the national party leaders of europe sitting in separate national parliaments from their party s members of the european parliament meps normally have difficulty influencing mep policy decisions this article after pointing out the obstacles which minimize national party influence analyzes a new and largely unacknowledged system of mep coordination and control developed by the british labour party using data from interviews with labour s meps the article concludes that labour s leaders have created an influential system of rewards and sanctions that have encouraged a closer and more disciplined relationship in this dualparliamentary setting", "title_raw": "Taming Labour\u2019s MEPs", "abstract_raw": "The national party leaders of Europe, sitting in separate national parliaments from their party\u2019s Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), normally have difficulty influencing MEP policy decisions. This article, after pointing out the obstacles which minimize national party influence, analyzes a new and largely unacknowledged system of MEP coordination and control developed by the British Labour Party. Using data from interviews with Labour\u2019s MEPs, the article concludes that Labour\u2019s leaders have created an influential system of rewards and sanctions that have encouraged a closer and more disciplined relationship in this dualparliamentary setting." }, { "paper": "2032819377", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2003", "title": "in pursuit of prestige strategy and competition in u s higher education review", "label": [ "120912362" ], "author": [ "2599729931" ], "reference": [ "2011668150", "2334173117" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "In Pursuit of Prestige: Strategy and Competition in U.S. Higher Education (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2031219955", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2003", "title": "who shall be judge the united states the international criminal court and the global enforcement of human rights", "label": [ "2779777834", "199539241", "86615163", "169437150", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2892819565" ], "reference": [ "75106331", "122903791", "149816874", "159306696", "174493725", "245204216", "317342225", "433422697", "586028413", "789511401", "1480349816", "1510599622", "1516559403", "1521441616", "1532477936", "1543397812", "1556061918", "1577093493", "1594561524", "1605144001", "1898105177", "1999809650", "2013040204", "2022225649", "2086570032", "2127896542", "2133183231", "2167434825", "2802705048", "2904750277" ], "abstract": "the international criminal court empowered to prosecute individuals guilty of the worst human rights atrocities has encountered firm resistance from the united states underlying this dispute is a clash between two different models for achieving the global enforcement of human rights a collective enforcement model exemplified by the court and a unidirectional enforcement model favored by the us both models present difficulties but those of the collective model are curable while those of the unidirectional model are not since the icc cures the most significant difficulties associated with the collective model it deserves us support this paper addresses several of the specific legal moral and political controversies that have surfaced in debates over the icc", "title_raw": "Who Shall Be Judge?: The United States, the International Criminal Court, and the Global Enforcement of Human Rights", "abstract_raw": "The International Criminal Court, empowered to prosecute individuals\nguilty of the worst human rights atrocities, has encountered firm\nresistance from the United States. Underlying this dispute is a clash\nbetween two different models for achieving the global enforcement of\nhuman rights: a collective enforcement model exemplified by the Court,\nand a unidirectional enforcement model favored by the US. Both models\npresent difficulties, but those of the collective model are curable, while\nthose of the unidirectional model are not. Since the ICC cures the most\nsignificant difficulties associated with the collective model, it deserves\nUS support. This paper addresses several of the specific legal, moral,\nand political controversies that have surfaced in debates over the ICC." }, { "paper": "1991370731", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2003", "title": "reviews of books louis xiv and the parlements the assertion of royal authority john j hurt", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2998953712" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reviews of Books:Louis XIV and the Parlements: The Assertion of Royal Authority John J. Hurt", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2139456673", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2003", "title": "i see dead people air raid phobia and britain s behavior in the munich crisis", "label": [ "75732639", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2507157066" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "britain s appeasement of germany in the 1930s climaxing in the munich crisis of september 1938 presents one of the most challenging and interesting cases for international relations ir theory", "title_raw": "\u201cI SEE DEAD PEOPLE\u201d: AIR-RAID PHOBIA AND BRITAIN'S BEHAVIOR IN THE MUNICH CRISIS", "abstract_raw": "Britain's appeasement of Germany in the 1930s, climaxing in the Munich Crisis of September 1938, presents one of the most challenging and interesting cases for international relations (IR) theory. ..." }, { "paper": "2003987998", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2003", "title": "dark networks as problems", "label": [ "39549134", "2776310101", "44725695", "203133693", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2095947047", "593349877" ], "reference": [ "27930607", "231002401", "655581025", "1522845304", "1535065339", "1551938158", "1604491985", "1903894141", "1963547174", "1973308529", "1973459906", "1988012836", "2005333345", "2010793828", "2015930340", "2029644384", "2052255144", "2056239166", "2056874907", "2082351090", "2091101391", "2092755023", "2097809632", "2126078663", "2128789021", "2135863397", "2135912248", "2136874817", "2139461279", "2160459296", "2162784482", "2321841761", "2332866922", "2622325616", "2898555719" ], "abstract": "networks and networking are viewed as ways of dealing with complex problems that beset both the state and society homelessness health care and crime are all viewed as problems that networks can manage better than single organizations can this article views these problems as networks that must be confronted if western democracies wish to deal with terrorism drug smuggling and the manifold pathologies that confront failed states in this article we adopt the perspective of networks as problems the majority of the literature on networks and collaboration is quite positive collaborative networks are seen as appropriate devices to tackle public management problems and successfully coordinate political social and economic action from the level of global governance european integration sectoral policy networks at the national level and service implementation networks at the local level these devices are all viewed as ways of solving governance problems in a complex and differentiated world the research proposed here intends to develop a more holistic view of this phenomenon by looking at dark networks the article tries to evaluate how network structures and governance are used for criminal or immoral ends because the judgment of ends is inherently normative we propose to talk about overt and legal versus covert and illegal networks we then analyze where the similarities and differences between the two sets are and what we might be able to learn regarding both forms if we mirror them against each other the article develops a set of propositions drawn from selected cases of drug trafficking networks the diamond and weapons trade and the al qaeda terrorist network most of the literature on networks and collaboration is quite positive collaborative networks are seen as appropriate devices to tackle public management problems and to successfully coordinate political social and economic action figure 1 portrays a familiar relationship between public organizations and problems each organization 01 02 03 and 04 intersects with only part of the problem and none of the organizations is linked in any kind of a a first version of this article was presented at the international conference on the empirical study of governance management and performance barcelona 4 5 october 2002 we would like to thank the participants of the conference especially larry o toole for their helpful comments on the revision of this article doi 10 1093 jopart mug029 journal of public administration research and theory vol 13 no 4 pp 413 439 c 2003 journal of public administration research and theory inc this content downloaded from 207 46 13 15 on sat 23 apr 2016 05 07 31 utc all use subject to http about jstor org terms 414 journal of public administration research and theory figure 1 the rationale for network collaboration", "title_raw": "Dark Networks as Problems", "abstract_raw": "Networks and networking are viewed as ways of dealing with complex problems that beset both the state and society. Homelessness, health care, and crime are all viewed as problems that networks can manage better than single organizations can. This article views these problems as networks that must be confronted if Western democracies wish to deal with terrorism, drug smuggling, and the manifold pathologies that confront failed states. In this article we adopt the perspective of networks as problems. The majority of the literature on networks and collaboration is quite positive. Collaborative networks are seen as appropriate devices to tackle public management problems and successfully coordinate political, social, and economic action. From the level of global governance, European integration, sectoral policy networks at the national level, and service implementation networks at the local level, these devices are all viewed as ways of solving governance problems in a complex and differentiated world. The research proposed here intends to develop a more holistic view of this phenomenon by looking at dark networks. The article tries to evaluate how network structures and governance are used for criminal or immoral ends. Because the judgment of ends is inherently normative, we propose to talk about overt and legal versus covert and illegal networks. We then analyze where the similarities and differences between the two sets are and what we might be able to learn regarding both forms if we mirror them against each other. The article develops a set of propositions drawn from selected cases of drug-trafficking networks, the diamond and weapons trade, and the Al Qaeda terrorist network. Most of the literature on networks and collaboration is quite positive. Collaborative networks are seen as appropriate devices to tackle public management problems and to successfully coordinate political, social, and economic action. Figure 1 portrays a familiar relationship between public organizations and problems. Each organization (01, 02, 03, and 04) intersects with only part of the problem, and none of the organizations is linked in any kind of a A first version of this article was presented at the International Conference on the Empirical Study of Governance, Management, and Performance, Barcelona, 4-5 October 2002. We would like to thank the participants of the conference, especially Larry O'Toole, for their helpful comments on the revision of this article. DOI: 10.1093/jopart/mug029 Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 413-439 c 2003 Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Inc. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.15 on Sat, 23 Apr 2016 05:07:31 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 414 Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Figure 1 The Rationale for Network Collaboration" }, { "paper": "2031496787", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2003", "title": "parliamentary elections in thailand march 2000 and january 2001", "label": [ "59742305" ], "author": [ "2048235947", "2038944040" ], "reference": [ "605989443", "2041955541", "2330664459" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Parliamentary elections in Thailand, March 2000 and January 2001", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1988061005", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2003", "title": "deciding on war against iraq institutional failures", "label": [ "197487636", "94625758", "199539241", "2779220109", "2780570456", "513891491", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2394629168" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "following the swift u s military victory in iraq teams of experts conducted careful searches to discover the weapons of mass destruction that president george w bush offered as the principal justification for war it was his claim that these weapons represented a direct and immediate threat months after the president announced victory little evidence has been found nor is there much reason to expect anything significant to emerge stories began to circulate that perhaps the bush administration had deceived allies congress and the american public it is quite late to play the innocent to express shock at troubling new disclosures for over a year the administration supplied a steady stream of unreliable statements at no time did it make a persuasive credible or consistent case for war much of its rationale was exploded on a regular basis by the press the campaign for war was dominated more by fear than facts more by assertions of what might be or could be or used to be than by what actually existed those who now felt duped had not been paying attention month after month the administration released claims that were unproven in preparing for war in that manner it should come as no surprise that plans for a stable functioning iraqi civil society seemed to be an afterthought having proved itself skilled in military combat the bush administration failed to address predictable looting and violence after afghanistan it should have been obvious that a military victory must be followed quickly by a secure environment and visible reconstruction efforts for its part congress seemed incapable of analyzing a presidential proposal and protecting its institutional powers the decision to go to war cast a dark shadow over the health of u s political", "title_raw": "Deciding on War Against Iraq: Institutional Failures", "abstract_raw": "Following the swift U.S. military victory in Iraq, teams of experts conducted careful searches to discover the weapons of mass destruction that President George W. Bush offered as the principal justification for war. It was his claim that these weapons represented a direct and immediate threat. Months after the president announced victory, little evidence has been found nor is there much reason to expect anything significant to emerge. Stories began to circulate that perhaps the Bush administration had deceived allies, Congress, and the American public. It is quite late to play the innocent, to express shock at troubling new disclosures. For over a year, the administration supplied a steady stream of unreliable statements. At no time did it make a persuasive, credible, or consistent case for war. Much of its rationale was exploded on a regular basis by the press. The campaign for war was dominated more by fear than facts, more by assertions of what might be, or could be, or used to be, than by what actually existed. Those who now felt duped had not been paying attention. Month after month, the administration released claims that were unproven. In preparing for war in that manner, it should come as no surprise that plans for a stable, functioning Iraqi civil society seemed to be an afterthought. Having proved itself skilled in military combat, the Bush administration failed to address predictable looting and violence. After Afghanistan, it should have been obvious that a military victory must be followed quickly by a secure environment and visible reconstruction efforts. For its part, Congress seemed incapable of analyzing a presidential proposal and protecting its institutional powers. The decision to go to war cast a dark shadow over the health of U.S. political" }, { "paper": "1907712119", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2003", "title": "progress and poverty in political science", "label": [ "189326681", "178377140" ], "author": [ "2272246520" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Progress and Poverty in Political Science", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3097231127", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2003", "title": "sebastian balfour deadly embrace morocco and the road to the spanish civil war new york oxford university press 2002 pp xviii 349 35 00", "label": [ "81631423" ], "author": [ "3096241346" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sebastian Balfour. Deadly Embrace: Morocco and the Road to the Spanish Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. Pp. xviii, 349. $35.00", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1988662147", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2003", "title": "what is liberal islam", "label": [ "547727832" ], "author": [ "2151336104", "2091392168" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "What Is Liberal Islam", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1974553018", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2003", "title": "italians riled by science reforms", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2106465385" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Italians riled by science reforms", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2122305698", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2003", "title": "briefing west africa and its oil", "label": [ "93377909", "148834064", "203133693", "94625758", "199539241", "71750763" ], "author": [ "2301637940" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the us war on terrorism and preparations for war against iraq have enormously increased the strategic value of west african oil reserves this comes at a time when there have been massive new discoveries in offshore waters this article focuses on the increased us interests in west african oil it exposes the african oil lobby in washington and describes a new form of public private partnership between the world bank group the government of chad and private investors furthermore the article discusses the effects that the us interest in enhanced oil production in west africa is likely to have on west african politics in the next few years notes ref asc leiden abstract", "title_raw": "Briefing: West Africa and its oil", "abstract_raw": "The US war on terrorism and preparations for war against Iraq have enormously increased the strategic value of West African oil reserves. This comes at a time when there have been massive new discoveries in offshore waters. This article focuses on the increased US interests in West African oil. It exposes the African oil lobby in Washington and describes a new form of public-private partnership between the World Bank Group, the government of Chad and private investors. Furthermore, the article discusses the effects that the US interest in enhanced oil production in West Africa is likely to have on West African politics in the next few years. Notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]" }, { "paper": "2145467874", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2003", "title": "from elitism to mass higher education in taiwan the problems faced", "label": [ "120912362", "94625758", "67141207", "109986646", "2780688418", "148834064", "527016502" ], "author": [ "2199191944" ], "reference": [ "37541835", "40177126", "100185872", "210943532", "288758386", "298005351", "340428394", "420912204", "587023187", "639935671", "1592469546", "1601332305", "1605114933", "1964507913", "1967819516", "1973420336", "1974449826", "1975980690", "1977983470", "1987806350", "1995056068", "2000102345", "2007760900", "2031030481", "2063367760", "2105009687", "2132781210", "2134790636", "2330936682", "2904298966" ], "abstract": "the transition from an elitist higher education system to mass education has created a number of concerns in this sector among these are fears for the quality of the provision the rise in the unemployment rate of graduate university leavers and the increased financial burden on the government this paper examines the transition period over the last fifty years in taiwan in order to promote an understanding of the problems currently being faced and to give an insight into the political and cultural background in which they have arisen the usa and japan are compared as these countries are seen to be advanced in the provision of mass education the paper has three main objectives firstly to determine whether or not taiwan can be said to have developed a mass higher education system by international comparison secondly to determine which factors have influenced government policy to achieve mass higher edulcation and thirdly to identify the problems which remains as barriers to the success of this system conclusions are drawn relating to the above objectives and it is noted that similar problems to those experiences by western countries can be identified", "title_raw": "FROM ELITISM TO MASS HIGHER EDUCATION IN TAIWAN: THE PROBLEMS FACED", "abstract_raw": "The transition from an elitist higher education system to mass education has created a number of concerns in this sector. Among these are fears for the quality of the provision; the rise in the unemployment rate of graduate university leavers; and the increased financial burden on the government. This paper examines the transition period over the last fifty years in Taiwan, in order to promote an understanding of the problems currently being faced, and to give an insight into the political and cultural background in which they have arisen. The USA and Japan are compared, as these countries are seen to be advanced in the provision of mass education. The paper has three main objectives. Firstly to determine whether or not Taiwan can be said to have developed a mass higher education system by international comparison. Secondly, to determine which factors have influenced government policy to achieve mass higher edulcation, and thirdly to identify the problems which remains as barriers to the success of this system. Conclusions are drawn relating to the above objectives and it is noted that similar problems to those experiences by Western countries can be identified." }, { "paper": "2158432598", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2003", "title": "is the body politic dying a review essay", "label": [ "2779838221", "94625758", "2780230221", "16555193", "520049643" ], "author": [ "527541870" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a little over a century ago historian charles francis adams observed that recent elections had been conducted on a level distinctly below the intelligence of the constituency the participants in the debate have not been equal to the occasion offered them evidence of this is found in the absence of response the lack of response adams had in mind was the failure of any campaign speech in 1900 to as he put it impress itself on the public memory today the public s lack of response goes deeper much deeper the books under review explore three strata of the contemporary nonresponse among american citizens 2 martin wattenberg s slim volume provides a useful overview of the public s lack of response in terms of voting making good use of comparative data the author begins by showing that declining voter turnout is a worldwide trend among the established democracies notably since the end of the 1970s this appears to be the result of a generalized decline in political parties ability to mobilize voters however the turnout depressing dealignment of both old and new parties does not let americans off the hook since the united states together with switzerland consistently ranks at the bottom of international turnout rankings to jump ahead to the book s conclusion one finds the swiss pro", "title_raw": "Is the Body Politic Dying? A Review Essay", "abstract_raw": "A little over a century ago, historian Charles Francis Adams observed that recent elections had been \"conducted on a level distinctly below the intelligence of the constituency; the participants in the debate have not been equal to the occasion offered them. Evidence of this is found in the absence of response.\"' The lack of response Adams had in mind was the failure of any campaign speech in 1900 to, as he put it, impress itself on the public memory. Today, the public's lack of response goes deeper, much deeper. The books under review explore three strata of the contemporary nonresponse among American citizens.2 Martin Wattenberg's slim volume provides a useful overview of the public's lack of response in terms of voting. Making good use of comparative data, the author begins by showing that declining voter turnout is a worldwide trend among the established democracies, notably since the end of the 1970s. This appears to be the result of a generalized decline in political parties' ability to mobilize voters. However, the turnout depressing dealignment of both old and new parties does not let Americans off the hook, since the United States (together with Switzerland) consistently ranks at the bottom of international turnout rankings. To jump ahead to the book's conclusion, one finds the Swiss pro-" }, { "paper": "1968736651", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2003", "title": "costs and benefits of improving response rates for a hard to reach population", "label": [ "127454912" ], "author": [ "118881041", "303737700", "2706459309" ], "reference": [ "1986056512", "1989473809", "2016298015", "2032959604", "2072727561", "2132606439", "2155591630" ], "abstract": "cet article se penche sur la question des couts et des avantages des moyens utilises pour reduire les taux de non reponses aux enquetes a l occasion d une etude longitudinale portant sur les familles en difficulte comprenant en particulier des peres difficiles a contacter les aa suggerent que la collecte d informations venant en complement des donnees manquantes peut permettre de mieux caracteriser les non repondants et ainsi de mieux cibler les efforts de collectes de donnees toutefois cette strategie s avere encore impuissante a ameliorer les taux de reponses", "title_raw": "Costs and Benefits of Improving Response Rates for a Hard-to-Reach Population", "abstract_raw": "Cet article se penche sur la question des couts et des avantages des moyens utilises pour reduire les taux de non-reponses aux enquetes. A l'occasion d'une etude longitudinale portant sur les familles en difficulte, comprenant en particulier des peres difficiles a contacter, les AA. suggerent que la collecte d'informations venant en complement des donnees manquantes peut permettre de mieux caracteriser les non-repondants et ainsi de mieux cibler les efforts de collectes de donnees. Toutefois, cette strategie s'avere encore impuissante a ameliorer les taux de reponses" }, { "paper": "1983194860", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2003", "title": "national identities on the move transylvanian hungarian labour migrants in hungary", "label": [ "2778407155", "137403100", "2776614217", "2777720223" ], "author": [ "2113064069" ], "reference": [ "194949262", "202357019", "562115475", "616850085", "1592863617", "1595011983", "1751769270", "1973118797", "1979991846", "1982700650", "1988907390", "1992602649", "2000084816", "2024642405", "2029057443", "2030631895", "2046934156", "2050645362", "2052621550", "2053080267", "2079104179", "2082315611", "2082627815", "2093026510", "2095722858", "2100552721", "2104190044", "2108500644", "2113398473", "2121393013", "2128551330", "2138187590", "2162510130", "2175063366", "2315003970", "2328511188", "2332239370", "2342771472", "2486933624" ], "abstract": "since 1990 the temporary labour migration of ethnic hungarians from the transylvanian region of romania has provided a context for the emergence of new and distinctly national modes of self understanding in this paper i develop a three part analytical framework to examine the ways in which migration is conducive to the transformation and dissemination of changing national identities first i argue that host countries for all migrants including those involved in other examples of ethnic affinity migration are inevitably recognised as foreign and often alienating second i examine the reasons migrants consistently understand and represent these new found differences in explicitly national terms finally i discuss the ways in which migration networks facilitate the standardisation and diffusion of transformed identities rather than signalling the demise of national forms of identification predicted by some observers of international migration the transylvanian hungarian case reveals how temporary la", "title_raw": "National identities on the move: Transylvanian Hungarian labour migrants in Hungary", "abstract_raw": "Since 1990, the temporary labour migration of ethnic Hungarians from the Transylvanian region of Romania has provided a context for the emergence of new and distinctly national modes of self-understanding. In this paper I develop a three-part analytical framework to examine the ways in which migration is conducive to the transformation and dissemination of changing national identities. First, I argue that host countries for all migrants (including those involved in other examples of ethnic affinity migration) are inevitably recognised as foreign and often alienating. Second, I examine the reasons migrants consistently understand and represent these new-found differences in explicitly national terms. Finally, I discuss the ways in which migration networks facilitate the standardisation and diffusion of transformed identities. Rather than signalling the demise of national forms of identification predicted by some observers of international migration, the Transylvanian Hungarian case reveals how temporary la..." }, { "paper": "1990209988", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2003", "title": "re forming the state the politics of privatization in latin america and europe", "label": [ "158886217", "2776398702", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2155402585" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Re-forming the State: The Politics of Privatization in Latin America and Europe", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1977748280", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "u s japan relations in a changing world edited by steven k vogel washington dc brookings institution press 2002 286p 46 95 cloth 18 95 paper", "label": [ "2780510313" ], "author": [ "2422235578" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "U.S.\u2013Japan Relations in a Changing World . Edited by Steven K. Vogel. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2002. 286p. $46.95 cloth, $18.95 paper", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2011040514", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2003", "title": "democracy and victory fair fights or food fights", "label": [ "199539241", "2779220109", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2617424296" ], "reference": [ "572206071", "582967863", "590714071", "596251272", "618693024", "1487708446", "1509261137", "1520289698", "1548315342", "1570721873", "1576369066", "1577731395", "1840218356", "1971194790", "1981417627", "1999456425", "2002729956", "2003336812", "2050636478", "2058980288", "2062753285", "2065319947", "2089486804", "2093041042", "2094736317", "2100453662", "2127409878", "2132665944", "2153579504", "2171171343", "2328829520", "2496256293", "2799921534" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democracy and Victory: Fair Fights or Food Fights?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2009173684", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2003", "title": "international polar year 2007 08", "label": [ "2779533120" ], "author": [ "2228216663" ], "reference": [ "122177232", "655606892" ], "abstract": "advancement in earth system science has been intertwined with the three international polar years since 1882 see table 1 international discussions are now converging toward the fourth international polar year ipy 4 in 2007 with an objective of inclusive interdisciplinary collaboration to accelerate our understanding of how the polar regions respond to amplify and drive changes elsewhere in the earth system 1 2 2 3 the idea for the first ipy came from 11 european nations that were concerned about polar connections with the little ice age climate that had dramatically impacted their agriculture health and economies over the previous 300 years responding with coordinated ground based projects in the arctic and antarctic ipy 1 became a bipolar experiment to interpret meteorological and auroral linkages with earth s magnetic field during a period of maximal sunspot activity 3 4 4 5 fifty years later with experiments 10 km into the sky from hot air balloons 40 nations collaborated in ipy 2 with an additional focus of radio science during a solar minimum at the time by the 1950s earth system perspectives had broadened on a planetary scale and ipy 3 was launched as the international geophysical year igy from 1 july 1957 through 31 december 1958 under the umbrella of the international council of scientific unions icsu the igy involved 67 countries across 14 disciplines with more than 2500 stations around earth 3 4 4 5 a principal catalyst for the igy was the development of satellites that would generate unprecedented perspectives of the earth system and like technological innovations from the previous ipy would contribute directly to the national interests of the participating countries in fact the space race began with nearly two dozen artificial satellites being launched during the igy starting with sputnik i on 4 october 1957 5 6 given these extensive national investments the igy collaborators instituted the world data center system which remains vital for utilizing sharing and preserving scientific information as an international asset the igy also heralded the current era of synoptic earth system science with icsu coordination of the international geosphere biosphere world climate research and international human dimensions programmes international polar years have continuously expanded interdisciplinary horizons to understand the world we live in ipy 4 has the potential for involving all nations in more than two dozen disciplines with activities extending more than 72 000 000 km from earth in this inclusive context ipy 4 could add value by creating innovative strategies to integrate earth and planetary data 6 7 from past and ongoing research programs importantly in our global society 7 8 such information technology strategies will contribute to the welfare of nations by opening new doors for knowledge discovery view this table 1 1 9 discussions about ipy 4 and related research on the 50th anniversary of the international geophysical year can be found at www eoss org igy htm 10 and 2 2 11 see the interactive web site with the general approach objectives and workplan for ipy 4 that was proposed to icsu in may 2003 www nationalacademies org prb ipy 12 3 3 13 1 s chapman igy year of discovery univ of michigan press ann arbor mi 1960 4 4 14 1 j t wilson igy year of the new moons knopf new york 1967 5 5 15 1 l v berkner 2 h odishaw science in space mcgraw hill new york 1961 6 6 16 1 m t chahine 2 m f a hearn 3 j h rahe comparative planetology with an earth perspective kluwer dordrecht netherlands 1995 7 7 17 in december 2001 the united nations general assembly adopted resolution 56 183 for the world summit on the information society www itu int wsis basic index html 18 8 8 19 1 p a berkman science into policy global lessons from antarctica academic press san diego ca 2002 9 9 support is provided by a grant from the national science technology engineering and mathematics education digital library program nsf due 0329044 1 t1 2 ref 1 3 ref 2 4 ref 3 5 ref 4 6 ref 5 7 ref 6 8 ref 7 9 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 10 http www eoss org igy htm 11 xref ref 2 1 view reference 2 in text 12 http www nationalacademies org prb ipy 13 xref ref 3 1 view reference 3 in text 14 xref ref 4 1 view reference 4 in text 15 xref ref 5 1 view reference 5 in text 16 xref ref 6 1 view reference 6 in text 17 xref ref 7 1 view reference 7 in text 18 http www itu int wsis basic index html 19 xref ref 8 1 view reference 8 in text", "title_raw": "International polar year 2007-08.", "abstract_raw": "Advancement in Earth system science has been intertwined with the three International Polar Years since 1882 (see [table][1]). International discussions are now converging toward the Fourth International Polar Year (IPY-4) in 2007 with an objective of inclusive interdisciplinary collaboration to accelerate our understanding of how the polar regions \u201crespond to, amplify and drive changes elsewhere in the Earth system\u201d ([1][2], [2][3]).\n\nThe idea for the first IPY came from 11 European nations that were concerned about polar connections with the Little Ice Age climate that had dramatically impacted their agriculture, health, and economies over the previous 300 years. Responding with coordinated ground-based projects in the Arctic and Antarctic, IPY-1 became a bipolar experiment to interpret meteorological and auroral linkages with Earth's magnetic field during a period of maximal sunspot activity ([3][4], [4][5]). Fifty years later, with experiments 10 km into the sky from hot-air balloons, 40 nations collaborated in IPY-2 with an additional focus of radio science during a solar minimum at the time.\n\nBy the 1950s, Earth system perspectives had broadened on a planetary scale, and IPY-3 was launched as the International Geophysical Year (IGY) from 1 July 1957 through 31 December 1958. Under the umbrella of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), the IGY involved 67 countries across 14 disciplines with more than 2500 stations around Earth ([3][4], [4][5]).\n\nA principal catalyst for the IGY was the development of satellites that would generate unprecedented perspectives of the Earth system and, like technological innovations from the previous IPY, would contribute directly to the national interests of the participating countries. In fact, the \u201cspace race\u201d began with nearly two dozen artificial satellites being launched during the IGY, starting with Sputnik I on 4 October 1957 ([5][6]). Given these extensive national investments, the IGY collaborators instituted the World Data Center system, which remains vital for utilizing, sharing, and preserving scientific information as an international asset. The IGY also heralded the current era of synoptic Earth system science with ICSU coordination of the International Geosphere-Biosphere, World Climate Research, and International Human Dimensions Programmes.\n\nInternational Polar Years have continuously expanded interdisciplinary horizons to understand the world we live in. IPY-4 has the potential for involving all nations in more than two dozen disciplines with activities extending more than 72,000,000 km from Earth. In this inclusive context, IPY-4 could add value by creating innovative strategies to integrate Earth and planetary data ([6][7]) from past and ongoing research programs. Importantly, in our global society ([7][8]), such information-technology strategies will contribute to the welfare of nations by opening new doors for knowledge discovery.\n\nView this table:\n\n1. 1.[\u21b5][9] Discussions about IPY-4 and related research on the 50th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year can be found at , , [www.eoss.org/igy.htm][10], and .\n \n\n2. 2.[\u21b5][11] See the interactive Web site with the general approach, objectives, and workplan for IPY-4 that was proposed to ICSU in May 2003 ([www.nationalacademies.org/prb/ipy][12]).\n \n\n3. 3.[\u21b5][13] 1. S. Chapman\n , IGY: Year of Discovery (Univ. of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, 1960).\n \n\n4. 4.[\u21b5][14] 1. J. T. Wilson\n , IGY: Year of the New Moons (Knopf, New York, 1967).\n \n\n5. 5.[\u21b5][15] 1. L. V. Berkner, 2. H. Odishaw\n , Science in Space (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961).\n \n\n6. 6.[\u21b5][16] 1. M. T. Chahine, 2. M. F. A'Hearn, 3. J. H. Rahe\n , Comparative Planetology with an Earth Perspective (Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1995).\n \n\n7. 7.[\u21b5][17] In December 2001, the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 56/183 for the World Summit on the Information Society ([www.itu.int/wsis/basic/index.html][18]).\n \n\n8. 8.[\u21b5][19] 1. P. A. Berkman\n , Science into Policy: Global Lessons from Antarctica (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2002).\n \n\n9. 9. Support is provided by a grant from the National Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education Digital Library Program (NSF/DUE 0329044).\n\n [1]: #T1\n [2]: #ref-1\n [3]: #ref-2\n [4]: #ref-3\n [5]: #ref-4\n [6]: #ref-5\n [7]: #ref-6\n [8]: #ref-7\n [9]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1. in text\"\n [10]: http://www.eoss.org/igy.htm\n [11]: #xref-ref-2-1 \"View reference 2. in text\"\n [12]: http://www.nationalacademies.org/prb/ipy\n [13]: #xref-ref-3-1 \"View reference 3. in text\"\n [14]: #xref-ref-4-1 \"View reference 4. in text\"\n [15]: #xref-ref-5-1 \"View reference 5. in text\"\n [16]: #xref-ref-6-1 \"View reference 6. in text\"\n [17]: #xref-ref-7-1 \"View reference 7. in text\"\n [18]: http://www.itu.int/wsis/basic/index.html\n [19]: #xref-ref-8-1 \"View reference 8. in text\"" }, { "paper": "2021851006", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2003", "title": "the catholic church and civil society democratic options in the post communist czech republic", "label": [ "513891491", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2662875920" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Catholic church and civil society: democratic options in the post-communist Czech Republic", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2322662673", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2003", "title": "feminism and antiracism international struggles for justice", "label": [ "2777688943", "139621336" ], "author": [ "2693611187", "1749655074" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Feminism and Antiracism: International Struggles for Justice", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1980997759", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2003", "title": "plus ca change public management personnel stability and organizational performance", "label": [ "2778203169", "2776742560", "2780655730", "2777895093", "51575053", "84309077" ], "author": [ "1769424215", "2143105972" ], "reference": [ "72204816", "599604745", "621767916", "638526684", "1491061445", "1523037261", "1562473583", "1566447476", "1581748125", "1594501748", "1595422985", "1598358811", "1895891998", "1901331635", "1993498201", "1997854907", "2025785378", "2051718275", "2088764985", "2114412976", "2116364031", "2122911160", "2135912248", "2159979886", "2320142112", "2335126140", "2409098173", "2795504231" ], "abstract": "ideas swing wildly in and out of fashion take for instance the notion of stability in administration for decades conventional wisdom simply assumed that stability contributes to public administrative performance such core bureaucratic features as standard operating procedures regular structure incremental decision making and fixed rules are emblematic of the persisting features of such organizations at least since the early years of the last century scholars linked stable patterns to efficient functioning stability was often seen as virtually the sine qua non of bureaucracy weber 1946 p 228 the literature on public administration in recent decades however has heavily emphasized the contrary themes of organizational change and development adaptability entrepreneurship and reform the term bureaucracy has become equated with stodgy hidebound and inefficient operations much of the emphasis among recent proponents of good government has been on finding ways to encourage an escape from or a banishing of bureaucracy osborne and plastrik 1997 and a move toward alternative forms and processes in this article we sort through some of the contrasting arguments by beginning a systematic empirical exploration of the link between stability and public organizational performance we do so in the field of public education an important policy context that has received relatively little attention from scholars in public administration our test of the stability hypothesis furthermore is undertaken within an explicit model of performance to begin we establish a basis for this inquiry by reviewing features of the relevant literature clarifying the core concept and narrowing the empirical focus to one aspect of stability constancy in personnel", "title_raw": "Plus \u00e7a change: Public management, personnel stability and organizational performance", "abstract_raw": "Ideas swing wildly in and out of fashion-take, for instance, the notion of stability in administration. For decades conventional wisdom simply assumed that stability contributes to public administrative performance. Such core bureaucratic features as standard operating procedures, regular structure, incremental decision making, and fixed rules are emblematic of the persisting features of such organizations. At least since the early years of the last century, scholars linked stable patterns to efficient functioning. Stability was often seen as virtually the sine qua non of bureaucracy (Weber 1946, p. 228). The literature on public administration in recent decades, however, has heavily emphasized the contrary themes of organizational change and development, adaptability, entrepreneurship, and reform. The term bureaucracy has become equated with stodgy, hidebound, and inefficient operations. Much of the emphasis among recent proponents of good government has been on finding ways to encourage an escape from or a \"banishing\" of bureaucracy (Osborne and Plastrik 1997)-and a move toward alternative forms and processes. In this article, we sort through some of the contrasting arguments by beginning a systematic empirical exploration of the link between stability and public organizational performance. We do so in the field of public education, an important policy context that has received relatively little attention from scholars in public administration. Our test of the stability hypothesis, furthermore, is undertaken within an explicit model of performance. To begin, we establish a basis for this inquiry by reviewing features of the relevant literature, clarifying the core concept, and narrowing the empirical focus to one aspect of stability: constancy in personnel." }, { "paper": "2062270021", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2003", "title": "the grounds of refugee protection in the context of international human rights and humanitarian law canadian and united states case law compared", "label": [ "86615163", "42027317", "149209484", "552677042", "140280474", "185436325", "177986884", "170706310", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1813209644", "35018035" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Grounds of Refugee Protection in the Context of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law: Canadian and United States Case Law Compared", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2038894277", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2003", "title": "tourism in latin america", "label": [ "158886217", "18918823" ], "author": [ "2678956317" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Tourism in Latin America", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2069492333", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2003", "title": "the impact of police officer diversity on police caused homicides", "label": [ "2777189325", "187155963", "2781316041", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2568986396" ], "reference": [ "39288536", "65682036", "1585084126", "1975046920", "1988858783", "2001840158", "2015278409", "2033239712", "2036723020", "2043461137", "2046524129", "2067318462", "2067873730", "2069957815", "2070331926", "2073818970", "2081847077", "2084104296", "2086553807", "2109518594", "2123637627", "2129165507", "2137150181", "2160778207", "2162851306", "2312791939", "2328743291" ], "abstract": "macrolevel studies of police killings generally focus on testing the conflict and community violence hypotheses this research generally supports both the conflict proposition that minority threat is related to police violence and the community violence proposition that locations with higher levels of violence have a greater number of police caused homicides however some of the most common proposals to reduce police citizen violence namely changing police personnel are largely overlooked in existing research the majority of studies that have examined police homicides do not acknowledge the possibility that the personnel composition of police agencies may affect levels of police violence the current article extends previous lines of research on police caused homicides by including measures of the personnel composition of police agencies as predictors of police caused homicides more specifically this study examined the influence of minority and female representation within large municipal police agencies on police caused homicides the findings show that more diversified departments do not have significantly lower levels of police caused homicides the results do however support both the conflict and community violence propositions furthermore the pattern of findings suggests the existence of a generalized threat in the nation s largest cities", "title_raw": "The Impact of Police Officer Diversity on Police-Caused Homicides", "abstract_raw": "Macrolevel studies of police killings generally focus on testing the conflict and community violence hypotheses. This research generally supports both the conflict proposition that minority threat is related to police violence and the community violence proposition that locations with higher levels of violence have a greater number of police-caused homicides. However, some of the most common proposals to reduce police-citizen violence, namely changing police personnel, are largely overlooked in existing research. The majority of studies that have examined police homicides do not acknowledge the possibility that the personnel composition of police agencies may affect levels of police violence. The current article extends previous lines of research on police-caused homicides by including measures of the personnel composition of police agencies as predictors of police-caused homicides. More specifically, this study examined the influence of minority and female representation within large municipal police agencies on police-caused homicides. The findings show that more diversified departments do not have significantly lower levels of police-caused homicides. The results do, however, support both the conflict and community violence propositions. Furthermore, the pattern of findings suggests the existence of a generalized threat in the nation's largest cities." }, { "paper": "3123487763", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2003", "title": "international dispute settlement a network of cooperational duties", "label": [ "55447825", "139997747", "204434341", "2778447849", "2776211767", "2780208285", "2779010840", "2779103253" ], "author": [ "2109006640" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "article identifies various duties of cooperation both in political and legal settlement strategies a general customary law based duty of cooperation with a view to settlement comprising a duty to negotiate is inherent in the obligation to settle disputes peacefully on the other hand a general political exhaustion doctrine does not exist in diplomatic third party based settlement we find specific i e procedural obligations of cooperation with regard to adjudication the evolution of treaty law has seen the cooperational act of submission given at an increasingly early stage the doctrine of non frustration of adjudication functions as a corollary to the duties of cooperation in international criminal justice manifold duties of cooperation are binding erga omnes partes the cooperational duties are placed in the context of two antagonistic trends in dispute settlement one is the rise of adjudication which is found for instance in the creation of new courts on the other hand new and varied political means are resorted to and justified by novel arguments such as alternative dispute resolution adr the international law of dispute settlement may be envisaged as a network of obligations the hierarchical strand of the network is dominant where quasi compulsory jurisidiction exists yet horizontal westphalian elements persist finally the network image applied to dispute settlement visualizes the oscillation of international law between westphalianism and constitutionalism", "title_raw": "International Dispute Settlement : a Network of Cooperational Duties", "abstract_raw": "article identifies various duties of cooperation both in political and legal settlement strategies. A general, customary law-based duty of cooperation with a view to settlement, comprising a duty to negotiate, is inherent in the obligation to settle disputes peacefully. On the other hand, a general 'political exhaustion doctrine' does not exist. In diplomatic third party-based settlement, we find specific, i.e. procedural, obligations of cooperation. With regard to adjudication, the evolution of treaty law has seen the cooperational act of submission given at an increasingly early stage. The doctrine of non-frustration of adjudication functions as a corollary to the duties of cooperation. In international criminal justice, manifold duties of cooperation are binding erga omnes partes. The cooperational duties are placed in the context of two antagonistic trends in dispute settlement. One is the rise of adjudication which is found, for instance, in the creation of new courts. On the other hand, new and varied political means are resorted to, and justified by novel arguments, such as alternative dispute resolution (ADR). The international law of dispute settlement may be envisaged as a network of obligations. The hierarchical strand of the network is dominant where (quasi-)compulsory jurisidiction exists. Yet horizontal Westphalian elements persist. Finally, the network image applied to dispute settlement visualizes the oscillation of international law between Westphalianism and Constitutionalism." }, { "paper": "2107094471", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2003", "title": "technology development and democracy international conflict and cooperation in the information age edited by juliann emmons allison albany state university of new york press 2002 248p 75 50 cloth 25 95 paper", "label": [ "555826173", "91093795", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2319365641" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Technology, Development, and Democracy: International Conflict and Cooperation in the Information Age. Edited by Juliann Emmons Allison. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. 248p. $75.50 cloth, $25.95 paper", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2078594109", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2003", "title": "diaspora and identity the sociology of culture in southeast asia", "label": [ "2778611045", "99000247" ], "author": [ "2335335601", "703732624" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Diaspora and identity : the sociology of culture in Southeast Asia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1973655303", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2003", "title": "the 2002 judicial activity of the international court of justice", "label": [ "199539241", "139621336", "186229450", "555826173", "2779871314", "55447825" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [ "89886301", "152138660", "2070360184", "2083302466", "2091133724", "2325066712" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The 2002 Judicial Activity of the International Court of Justice", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2913766237", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2004", "title": "erratum to involving the general public in priority setting experiences from australia", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "706576534", "2778838962", "2776694019", "2584812768" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Erratum to \u201cInvolving the general public in priority setting: experiences from Australia\u201d", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2058184802", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2004", "title": "the logic of political survival", "label": [ "94625758", "17058734", "81631423" ], "author": [ "2021943469" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the logic of political survival bruce bueno de mesquita alastair smith randolph siverson and james morrow cambridge ma and london the mit press 2003 pp xiii 536 the logic of political survival is much more than its title suggests its main focus is certainly on the survival of political leaders but its embrace extends to economic development nation building democratization war and peace protest civil war and revolution all of these topics are subsumed under a single theory that is elaborated formally and validated through a truly gargantuan exercise in data analysis it is without doubt an extraordinary attempt to answer some very big questions", "title_raw": "The Logic of Political Survival", "abstract_raw": "The Logic of Political Survival, Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, Alastair Smith, Randolph Siverson, and James Morrow, Cambridge, MA and London: The MIT Press, 2003, pp. xiii, 536 The Logic of Political Survival is much more than its title suggests. Its main focus is certainly on the survival of political leaders, but its embrace extends to economic development, nation-building, democratization, war and peace, protest, civil war, and revolution. All of these topics are subsumed under a single theory that is elaborated formally and validated through a truly gargantuan exercise in data analysis. It is, without doubt, an extraordinary attempt to answer some very big questions." }, { "paper": "3124276263", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2004", "title": "ordering and order in the city", "label": [ "74892257", "2779760435", "520944541", "95389739" ], "author": [ "2069752159" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ordering (and Order in) the City", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1995476818", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2004", "title": "feminist nations a study of native american women in southwestern tribal politics", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2302799990" ], "reference": [ "52628795", "343966156", "578014545", "651282532", "652940789", "940870925", "1550556818", "1574131879", "1987328532", "2000117884", "2014732393", "2017930266", "2031062838", "2035706273", "2038289482", "2040151033", "2049366304", "2058352751", "2070663255", "2122674243", "2195697714", "2321846324", "2618912901", "3044574244", "3196373379" ], "abstract": "tremendous variation exists in the politics and governance of the over 550 federally recognized american indian tribes for example women are barred from participating in tribal politics in most p", "title_raw": "Feminist Nations? A Study of Native American Women in Southwestern Tribal Politics:", "abstract_raw": "Tremendous variation exists in the politics and governance of the over 550 federally recognized American Indian tribes. For example, women are barred from participating in tribal politics in most P..." }, { "paper": "1983472246", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "russians fear privatization of state labs", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2158138219" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Russians fear privatization of state labs", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2118513546", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2004", "title": "taming regulation superfund and the challenge of regulatory reform", "label": [ "3116431", "2777351259" ], "author": [ "2413598152" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Taming Regulation: Superfund and the Challenge of Regulatory Reform", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2009497597", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2004", "title": "going private public opinion presidential rhetoric and the domestic politics of audience costs in u s foreign policy crises", "label": [ "109986646", "188888794", "44394981", "2780224610", "134698397", "93377909", "203566152", "3116431", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2147906265" ], "reference": [ "162149263", "587113165", "1482317240", "1485358265", "1497470322", "1521934078", "1541931048", "1900400132", "1964362936", "1975568438", "1983530641", "1985442742", "1988323515", "1993849519", "2010616166", "2020882408", "2021271139", "2028634270", "2038858335", "2042044294", "2042531137", "2056176140", "2056370346", "2056451351", "2057012170", "2063890925", "2066093827", "2077630738", "2078561014", "2079485434", "2085574420", "2091009045", "2092895546", "2092951108", "2097893638", "2108378466", "2113607642", "2120988080", "2129912544", "2135035101", "2140252845", "2141756817", "2144867725", "2152526885", "2154661880", "2156753646", "2158899880", "2315688625", "2315709161", "2316539943", "2319660701", "2320640397", "2329087729", "2329342677", "2333203909", "2485230824", "2892554522", "3125554979", "3138417305", "3142746461", "3145410048", "3205718888" ], "abstract": "this study investigates why despite the potential credibility enhancement associated with generating domestic audience costs leaders in this instance u s presidents frequently opt to go priv", "title_raw": "Going Private Public Opinion, Presidential Rhetoric, and the Domestic Politics of Audience Costs in U.S. Foreign Policy Crises", "abstract_raw": "This study investigates why, despite the potential credibility enhancement associated with generating domestic audience costs, leaders (in this instance, U.S. presidents) frequently opt to \u201cgo priv..." }, { "paper": "2032830274", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2004", "title": "trust and social bonds faith in others and policy outcomes reconsidered", "label": [ "82823613", "186314094", "37129596", "142806620", "68062652", "199539241", "109986646" ], "author": [ "59258877" ], "reference": [ "1560718776", "2000086848", "2006962930", "2028088874", "2077472010", "2154412536", "2523192323" ], "abstract": "rodney hero 2003 argues that advocates of social capital may have been too optimistic about its impact on public policy hero argues that states with high levels of social capital generally have", "title_raw": "Trust and Social Bonds: Faith in Others and Policy Outcomes Reconsidered:", "abstract_raw": "Rodney Hero (2003) argues that advocates of social capital may have been too optimistic about its impact on public policy. Hero argues that states with high levels of social capital generally have ..." }, { "paper": "1999875222", "venue": "98137347", "year": "2004", "title": "the corruption and redemption of science", "label": [ "201342494" ], "author": [ "2102616385" ], "reference": [ "2314558862", "2396040880", "2602782720", "2798997961" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Corruption (and Redemption) of Science", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2051658299", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "the ethics of public health surveillance", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2166214218", "2121666351", "2679276710" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in their policy forum ethics and the conduct of public health surveillance 30 jan p 631 1 a l fairchild and r bayer imply that there is a lack of ethical oversight of public health surveillance their implication comes from the notion that because public health surveillance is not", "title_raw": "The ethics of public health surveillance.", "abstract_raw": "In their Policy Forum \u201cEthics and the conduct of public health surveillance\u201d (30 Jan., p. [631][1]), A. L. Fairchild and R. Bayer imply that there is a lack of ethical oversight of public health surveillance. Their implication comes from the notion that because public health surveillance is not" }, { "paper": "1581822524", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2004", "title": "the slovak republic explaining defects in democracy", "label": [ "2779111050", "32558149", "2776398702", "2775987171", "148834064", "555826173", "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2131707779" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "slovakia s democratic failings were heavily criticised during the third government of prime minister meciar 1994 98 yet there has been little explanation of the speed with which it reformed and gained european union membership after elections changed the government while it appeared to be a defective democracy of the illiberal type during the 1990s many of the factors the literature highlights as having caused this phenomenon elsewhere do not apply to slovakia the design of its political institutions socio economic conditions and the international environment were all favourable although clientelistic practices problems with state and nation building and elite inexperience did cause difficulties consequently although it is tempting to regard slovakia as an interesting case of the progression scenario whereby the flaws of a defective democracy are overcome and democratic consolidation ensues a different interpretation is possible for it is questionable whether governmental abuses of power", "title_raw": "The Slovak Republic: explaining defects in democracy", "abstract_raw": "Slovakia's democratic failings were heavily criticised during the third government of Prime Minister Meciar, 1994\u201398, yet there has been little explanation of the speed with which it reformed and gained European Union membership after elections changed the government. While it appeared to be a defective democracy of the illiberal type during the 1990s, many of the factors the literature highlights as having caused this phenomenon elsewhere do not apply to Slovakia. The design of its political institutions, socio-economic conditions and the international environment were all favourable, although clientelistic practices, problems with state and nation building and elite inexperience did cause difficulties. Consequently, although it is tempting to regard Slovakia as an interesting case of the \u2018progression scenario\u2019, whereby the flaws of a \u2018defective democracy\u2019 are overcome and democratic consolidation ensues, a different interpretation is possible. For it is questionable whether governmental abuses of power ..." }, { "paper": "2107225498", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2004", "title": "whither political science reflections on professor sartori s claim that american type political science is going nowhere it is an ever growing giant with feet of clay", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758", "522562087", "2779636406", "555826173", "34355311", "2777068452", "122972321", "2779872411" ], "author": [ "54438461" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "political science remains an emergent discipline but research within it has congealed around a set of well defined programs that has engaged an international community of scholars here i will identify three of these programs in order to show the continued intellectual vibrancy of the discipline first in normative theory political scientists are working out the implications of john rawls a theory of justice in a program that has reinvigorated liberalism to make it speak to core political issues of our time second in a program once embedded bureaucratically in american politics political scientists are working out the implications of duncan black s median voter theorem in an expanded set of democratic countries with different institutional details to address the core political issues of representation and accountability third relying on extensive cross sectional time series data previously unavailable on computer programs not imaginable a generation ago and on theoretical developments in econometrics political scientists are fulfilling a dream of the founders of the behavioral revolution stein rokkan s m lipset and karl deutsch by addressing systematically the sources of democracy and political order to be sure there are other political science research programs for example in international relations in comparative political economy and in political psychology that could well have been elucidated in this essay my goal here in addressing professor sartori s jeremiad is not to show the scope of the field but rather its quality its internationalism and its real world relevance this is best done with a few select examples", "title_raw": "Whither Political Science? Reflections on Professor Sartori's claim that \u201cAmerican-type political science\u2026is going nowhere. It is an ever growing giant with feet of clay\u201d", "abstract_raw": "Political science remains an emergent discipline; but research within it has congealed around a set of well-defined programs that has engaged an international community of scholars. Here I will identify three of these programs in order to show the continued intellectual vibrancy of the discipline. First, in normative theory, political scientists are working out the implications of John Rawls' A Theory of Justice in a program that has reinvigorated liberalism to make it speak to core political issues of our time. Second, in a program once embedded bureaucratically in \u201cAmerican Politics,\u201d political scientists are working out the implications of Duncan Black's median voter theorem in an expanded set of democratic countries with different institutional details to address the core political issues of representation and accountability. Third, relying on extensive cross-sectional time-series data previously unavailable, on computer programs not imaginable a generation ago, and on theoretical developments in econometrics, political scientists are fulfilling a dream of the founders of the behavioral revolution (Stein Rokkan, S. M. Lipset, and Karl Deutsch) by addressing systematically the sources of democracy and political order. To be sure, there are other political science research programs, for example, in international relations, in comparative political economy, and in political psychology, that could well have been elucidated in this essay. My goal here, in addressing Professor Sartori's jeremiad, is not to show the scope of the field, but rather its quality, its internationalism, and its real-world relevance. This is best done with a few select examples." }, { "paper": "2017161009", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2004", "title": "reviews of books black freedom fighters in steel the struggle for democratic unionism ruth needleman", "label": [ "199539241", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2151048913" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reviews of Books:Black Freedom Fighters in Steel: The Struggle for Democratic Unionism Ruth Needleman", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2572987254", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2004", "title": "review feminist perspectives on canadian foreign policyfeminist perspectives on canadian foreign policy edited by sjolanderclaire t smithheather a and stienstradeborahtoronto oxford university press 2003 xiv 246pp 39 95 paper isbn 0 19 541836 0", "label": [ "93377909" ], "author": [ "2640142189" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review: Feminist Perspectives on Canadian Foreign PolicyFEMINIST PERSPECTIVES ON CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY Edited by SjolanderClaire T., SmithHeather A. and StienstraDeborahToronto: Oxford University Press, 2003, xiv, 246pp, $39.95 paper (ISBN 0-19-541836-0)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1979492189", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2004", "title": "product review race experts how racial etiquette sensitivity training and new age therapy hijacked the civil rights revolutionrace experts how racial etiquette sensitivity training and new age therapy hijacked the civil rights revolution by lasch quinnelisabeth new york w w norton and co 2001 267 pp 25 95 cloth isbn 0 393 04873 x lanham md rowman and littlefield 2002 16 95 paper isbn 0 7425 2759 x", "label": [ "60083737", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2138476841" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Product Review: Race Experts: How Racial Etiquette, Sensitivity Training, and New Age Therapy Hijacked the Civil Rights RevolutionRace Experts: How Racial Etiquette, Sensitivity Training, and New Age Therapy Hijacked the Civil Rights Revolution, by Lasch-QuinnElisabeth. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 2001. 267 pp. $25.95 cloth. ISBN: 0-393-04873-X. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002. $16.95 paper. ISBN: 0-7425-2759-X.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1897554696", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2004", "title": "where is political science going", "label": [ "2780121217", "137355542", "96756911", "2780430339", "58805660" ], "author": [ "2151204424" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "political science as we currently understand the label was born in western europe in the early fifties one may say that it was reborn but that would be inaccurate for in the nineteenth century and until world war two the label indicated a captive discipline largely dominated by juridical or historical approaches as in the case e g of gaetano mosca so political science had a new start and became a field of inquiry in its own right about half a century ago i was at the time one of its founders with stein rokkan juan linz mattei dogan hans daalder erik allardt s n eisenstadt and others see comparative european politics the story of a profession edited by h daalder 1997 i am thus one of the witnesses of what the young turks of the time had in mind of how we conceived and promoted political science i am now an ancient sage and it now pleases me to reflect some fifty years later on where political science has gone and on whether it has taken the right course the course that i had wished for and expected thus to ask today in the middle of mitteleuropa where political science has been heading is also to ask whether the new beginnings of the discipline in eastern europe should or should not follow the path entered by our big brother i mean by american type political science i too have been somewhat swallowed by our big brother to be sure a benevolent and well meaning one in the sense that i have been teaching in the united states for some thirty years let me add that i have largely benefited from my american exposure yet i have always resisted and still resist the american influence and i take this occasion to say why i am unhappy about the american molding of present day political science", "title_raw": "Where is Political Science Going", "abstract_raw": "Political science, as we currently understand the label, was born, in Western Europe, in the early Fifties. One may say that it was \u201creborn\u201d; but that would be inaccurate, for in the nineteenth century and until World War Two the label indicated a captive discipline largely dominated by juridical or historical approaches (as in the case, e.g., of Gaetano Mosca). So political science had a new start and became a field of inquiry in its own right about half a century ago. I was, at the time, one of its founders (with Stein Rokkan, Juan Linz, Mattei Dogan, Hans Daalder, Erik Allardt, S. N. Eisenstadt, and others. See: Comparative European Politics: The Story of a Profession , edited by H. Daalder, 1997). I am thus one of the witnesses of what the \u201cyoung turks\u201d of the time had in mind, of how we conceived and promoted political science. I am now an \u201cancient sage\u201d and it now pleases me to reflect, some fifty years later, on where political science has gone and on whether it has taken the right course, the course that I had wished for and expected. Thus to ask today, in the middle of Mitteleuropa , where political science has been heading is also to ask whether the new beginnings of the discipline in Eastern Europe should or should not follow the path entered by our \u201cbig brother,\u201d I mean, by American-type political science. I too have been somewhat swallowed by our big brother (to be sure, a benevolent and well meaning one) in the sense that I have been teaching in the United States for some thirty years. Let me add that I have largely benefited from my American exposure. Yet I have always resisted and still resist the American influence. And I take this occasion to say why I am unhappy about the American molding of present day political science." }, { "paper": "2042503426", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "watchdog slams failings of israeli animal rights law", "label": [ "199539241", "538525177" ], "author": [ "1413808833" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Watchdog slams failings of Israeli animal-rights law.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2010805188", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2004", "title": "political science and political understanding isaiah berlin on the nature of political inquiry", "label": [ "96756911", "81307892", "187407495", "157623354", "109492260", "31168002", "94625758", "58805660" ], "author": [ "2096221642" ], "reference": [ "589427499", "1510006909", "1524017272", "1601206300", "1990049832", "1990531384", "1991066013", "2004699946", "2023796293", "2041101537", "2046705218", "2071177322", "2105504358", "2106747459", "2114163607", "2114498475", "2121845034", "2128872515", "2136824225", "2140904776", "2161095131", "2270772451", "2294998299", "2317753909", "2328701427", "2335115644", "2461942036", "2474317490", "2477679438", "2491888316", "2496600678", "2606936503", "2753221422", "2951511972", "2964430776", "2977836010", "3021967526", "3159374396", "3165691203" ], "abstract": "i saiah berlin is remembered for his positive negative liberty distinction and his value pluralism but he was also an active participant in the debate over the nature of political inquiry this essay argues that his neglected contribution to this debate is central to his thought and a valuable resource in today s debate over political science s methods and ends i first show how berlin understood the relationship of empirical science to humanistic study i then demonstrate that his conceptions of political judgment and the sense of reality were intended as alternatives to the scientific pursuit of political knowledge finally i argue that his churchill and weizmann essays present exemplars of the moral excellence berlin considered necessary to ennoble liberal society and the political understanding indispensable to comprehensive political inquiry i conclude by noting how berlin s critique of scientific political inquiry informs his liberalism and his own methods of political inquiry", "title_raw": "Political Science and Political Understanding: Isaiah Berlin on the Nature of Political Inquiry", "abstract_raw": "I saiah Berlin is remembered for his positive/negative liberty distinction and his value pluralism, but he was also an active participant in the debate over the nature of political inquiry. This essay argues that his neglected contribution to this debate is central to his thought and a valuable resource in today's debate over political science's methods and ends. I first show how Berlin understood the relationship of empirical science to humanistic study. I then demonstrate that his conceptions of political judgment and the \u201csense of reality\u201d were intended as alternatives to the scientific pursuit of political knowledge. Finally, I argue that his Churchill and Weizmann essays present exemplars of the moral excellence Berlin considered necessary to ennoble liberal society and the political understanding indispensable to comprehensive political inquiry. I conclude by noting how Berlin's critique of scientific political inquiry informs his liberalism and his own methods of political inquiry." }, { "paper": "1963879918", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2004", "title": "explaining the clash and accommodation of interests of major actors in the creation of the african union", "label": [ "94625758", "34355311", "199539241", "148834064", "2780510313", "93377909" ], "author": [ "1824402192" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the rapid creation of the african union au has been described as one of the most puzzling events in interstate co operation in contemporary africa while studies published so far on the subject express surprise at the au s speedy creation none makes any attempt to explain the clash of interests and ideas of the key actors and how they were accommodated in order to create the au this article attempts to fill this gap by exploring the interests and ideas that drove the au process it argues that the introduction at the algiers summit in 1999 of two separate reform packages that were meant to reform the oau in line with the foreign policy interests of nigeria and south africa set in motion the process that eventually led to the creation of the au on 9 july 2002 in durban south africa 53 african leaders inaugurated with a fanfare the african union au a continental institution to replace the organization of african unity oau the au which was formally created on 26 may 2001 is designed to achieve three broad goals first it is intended to bring together the plethora of sub regional institutions in africa in order to pursue continent wide co operation and integration amongst african states second it aims at creating the conditions for african states to engage in social economic and political relations in a way that will make war between them unlikely 2 that is it aims at creating a kind of concert of africa third it attempts to design an institutional thomas kwasi tieku is a ph d candidate in international relations at the university of toronto canada in collaboration with kristiana powell of the north south institute project ploughshares and charles burton of brock university he recently completed a study on the african union for the canadian government he is grateful to jeffrey kopstein dickson eyoh robert matthews richard sandbrook erin norman hannah and anil mathew varughese for helpful comments on earlier versions of this article the usual disclaimers apply 1 the african union the constitutive act addis ababa 2001 article 3c j and k african union amendment to the constitutive act addis ababa 2003 article 3p 2 african union the constitutive act article 3a b f and e african union amendment to the constitutive act article 3p the normative principles that will form the foundation of the concert of africa or make war between african states unlikely are article 4d f h i and j of the constitutive act article 4q and r of the amendment act", "title_raw": "Explaining the clash and accommodation of interests of major actors in the creation of the African Union", "abstract_raw": "The rapid creation of the African Union (AU) has been described as one of the most puzzling events in interstate co-operation in contemporary Africa. While studies published so far on the subject express surprise at the AU's speedy creation, none makes any attempt to explain the clash of interests and ideas of the key actors and how they were accommodated in order to create the AU. This article attempts to fill this gap by exploring the interests and ideas that drove the AU process. It argues that the introduction at the Algiers summit in 1999 of two separate reform packages that were meant to reform the OAU in line with the foreign policy interests of Nigeria and South Africa set in motion the process that eventually led to the creation of the AU. ON 9 JULY 2002, IN DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA, 53 African leaders inaugurated with a fanfare the African Union (AU), a continental institution to replace the Organization of African Unity (OAU). The AU, which was formally created on 26 May 2001, is designed to achieve three broad goals. First, it is intended to bring together the plethora of sub-regional institutions in Africa in order to pursue continent-wide co-operation and integration amongst African states.' Second, it aims at creating the conditions for African states to engage in social, economic, and political relations in a way that will make war between them unlikely.2 That is, it aims at creating a kind of 'Concert of Africa'. Third, it attempts to design an institutional Thomas Kwasi Tieku is a Ph.D candidate in International Relations at the University of Toronto, Canada. In collaboration with Kristiana Powell of the North-South Institute/Project Ploughshares and Charles Burton of Brock University, he recently completed a study on the African Union for the Canadian government. He is grateful to Jeffrey Kopstein, Dickson Eyoh, Robert Matthews, Richard Sandbrook, Erin Norman Hannah and Anil Mathew Varughese for helpful comments on earlier versions of this article. The usual disclaimers apply. 1. The African Union, The Constitutive Act (Addis Ababa, 2001), Article 3c, j, and k; African Union, Amendment to the Constitutive Act (Addis Ababa, 2003), Article 3p. 2. African Union, The Constitutive Act, Article 3a, b, f and e; African Union, Amendment to the Constitutive Act, Article 3p. The normative principles that will form the foundation of the Concert of Africa or make war between African states unlikely are Article 4d, f, h, i and j of The Constitutive Act; Article 4q and r of the Amendment Act." }, { "paper": "2123454807", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2004", "title": "party strategies and electoral systems simulating coalition governments", "label": [ "82834280", "94625758", "148834064" ], "author": [ "298044799" ], "reference": [ "2043418403", "2798930483" ], "abstract": "organizations and their political dynamics as well as the complexities of contemporary political issues however good simulations are not confined to long and administratively complicated events the one class simulation can also be a highly effective teaching technique to help demonstrate this point this article describes a simulation designed for a one hour class session for a course in either comparative politics or american government this simulation shows how many important concepts can be conveyed without expending too much class time it also provides a nice demonstration of how a topic that students typically find dull can be transformed into a dynamic exercise with concepts that students are more likely to understand and remember like any simulation students are assigned roles research how they should act and decide and examine the various sides of the simulation s political topic there are common features between this simulation and the shellman 2001 simulation but instead of taking three days and multitasking as the valuable shellman exercise does the simulation proposed here is more streamlined administratively less complex and saves precious class time for other issues it should also give instructors a good idea of how to construct other one class simulations this simulation focuses on three", "title_raw": "Party Strategies and Electoral Systems: Simulating Coalition Governments", "abstract_raw": "organizations and their political dynamics as well as the complexities of contemporary political issues. However, good simulations are not confined to long and administratively complicated events. The one-class simulation can also be a highly effective teaching technique. To help demonstrate this point, this article describes a simulation designed for a one-hour class session for a course in either Comparative Politics or American Government. This simulation shows how many important concepts can be conveyed without expending too much class time. It also provides a nice demonstration of how a topic that students typically find dull can be transformed into a dynamic exercise with concepts that students are more likely to understand and remember. Like any simulation, students are assigned roles, research how they should act and decide, and examine the various sides of the simulation's political topic. There are common features between this simulation and the Shellman (2001) simulation, but instead of taking three days and \"multitasking\" as the valuable Shellman exercise does, the simulation proposed here is more streamlined, administratively less complex, and saves precious class time for other issues. It should also give instructors a good idea of how to construct other one-class simulations. This simulation focuses on three" }, { "paper": "2157330044", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2004", "title": "how policies make citizens senior political activism and the american welfare state", "label": [ "3116431", "129603779" ], "author": [ "248498810" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Policies Make Citizens: Senior Political Activism and the American Welfare State", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1986804076", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "science law and the ibm case", "label": [ "200635333", "162723807", "2776119841", "57017900", "37736160", "199539241", "97460637", "2777449729" ], "author": [ "2106076193" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "m any scientists in the united states may not have noticed but there s a war on about the role of their subject in the law scientists are often called on to serve as expert witnesses in cases ranging in scope from product liability to tort actions brought against manufacturers or polluters some environmentalists and members of the plaintiff s bar believe that the deck has become stacked to favor defendants because trial judges more frequently find reasons for disallowing than allowing the presentation of expert scientific testimony to juries taking the other side are advocates for tort reform who are critical of the economic impact of outsized jury awards and often refer to the scientific studies offered by plaintiffs to convince those juries as junk science well there certainly are some examples of the latter the cases involving the prescription drug bendectin which led to a well known 1993 supreme court decision that gave federal trial judges criteria for evaluating expert testimony daubert v merrell dow pharmaceuticals inc attracted some bad studies so famously did the breast implant cases on the other hand plaintiffs have sometimes produced careful and responsible testimony that has been essential in resolving serious challenges to environmental quality and public health each side in this fight in other words has some weapons to turn on the other and that guarantees it a long run lawyers and scientists often explore one another s domains with a certain perplexed curiosity in an effort to understand what differentiates the search for truth from the search for justice when science enters the courtroom a scientist might wonder whether the benefits it generates in the interest of justice make it worth the trouble of entering an adversarial proceeding the attorney might ask more often than not whether the science will play a useful role in reaching a sound outcome those are among the many questions in this relationship figure 1 credit joe sutliff a recent case illuminates these and opens others as described in science 14 may 2004 p 937 2 a group of workers at the international business machines corporation ibm brought suit against the company claiming that their medical problems had resulted from workplace exposures to chemicals used in computer chip manufacture their attorneys tried to introduce studies by two epidemiologists who analyzed ibm mortality data for all employees that had been made available through discovery the data revealed elevated mortality rates for some cancers judge robert baines of the california superior court refused to admit these findings calling them irrelevant and prejudicial thus combining a scientific judgment with a legal one a protective order had been issued requiring those involved in the litigation not to use the ibm data outside the legal proceedings the two epidemiologists had submitted a paper with their findings to a journal but in a letter to their attorney an ibm lawyer had called attention to the protective order and stated ibm expressly reserves all of its rights to take any appropriate action that killed one effort but encouraged by a legal opinion that their results were in the public domain the epidemiologists tried again then the journal s publisher elsevier decided against publication whereupon a dozen other authors withdrew their own papers in protest see the letter from ibm p 340 3 statements by the players in this case raise some interesting questions ibm s attorney robert weber suggested that the testimony was flawed because it was litigation generated is that so bad good research spawned by lawsuits has resolved some high profile past cases judge baines said the findings were irrelevant because no link between the mortality data and the workplace conditions was established epidemiologists for the defense might have made that argument more convincingly but the judge took that issue right off the table finally there s the well worn claim by weber that the epidemiological study is junk science could be but it appears that we ll never know science works to correct its own mistakes had this study been published it could have been evaluated by other epidemiologists interested in this or similar health risks the decisions to disallow the testimony and to shield the work behind a gag order may have served the cause of justice but the scientific community and the public have been prevented from reaching their own conclusions about an important matter indeed in view of ibm s scornful view of the study s quality one wonders why they tried so hard to keep it out of sight 1 pending yes 2 lookup doi 10 1126 science 304 5673 937 3 lookup doi 10 1126 science 305 5682 340c", "title_raw": "Science, Law, and the IBM Case", "abstract_raw": "M any scientists in the United States may not have noticed, but there's a war on about the role of their subject in the law. Scientists are often called on to serve as expert witnesses in cases ranging in scope from product liability to tort actions brought against manufacturers or polluters. Some environmentalists and members of the plaintiff's bar believe that the deck has become stacked to favor defendants, because trial judges more frequently find reasons for disallowing than allowing the presentation of expert scientific testimony to juries. Taking the other side are advocates for tort reform, who are critical of the economic impact of outsized jury awards and often refer to the scientific studies offered by plaintiffs to convince those juries as \u201cjunk science.\u201d\n\nWell, there certainly are some examples of the latter. The cases involving the prescription drug Bendectin, which led to a well-known 1993 Supreme Court decision that gave federal trial judges criteria for evaluating expert testimony ( Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ), attracted some bad studies. So, famously, did the breast implant cases. On the other hand, plaintiffs have sometimes produced careful and responsible testimony that has been essential in resolving serious challenges to environmental quality and public health. Each side in this fight, in other words, has some weapons to turn on the other, and that guarantees it a long run.\n\nLawyers and scientists often explore one another's domains with a certain perplexed curiosity, in an effort to understand what differentiates the search for truth from the search for justice. When science enters the courtroom, a scientist might wonder whether the benefits it generates in the interest of justice make it worth the trouble of entering an adversarial proceeding. The attorney might ask, more often than not, whether the science will play a useful role in reaching a sound outcome. Those are among the many questions in this relationship.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: JOE SUTLIFF\n\nA recent case illuminates these and opens others. As described in Science (14 May 2004, p. [937][2]), a group of workers at the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) brought suit against the company, claiming that their medical problems had resulted from workplace exposures to chemicals used in computer chip manufacture. Their attorneys tried to introduce studies by two epidemiologists who analyzed IBM mortality data for all employees that had been made available through discovery. The data revealed elevated mortality rates for some cancers. Judge Robert Baines of the California Superior Court refused to admit these findings, calling them irrelevant and prejudicial, thus combining a scientific judgment with a legal one.\n\nA protective order had been issued requiring those involved in the litigation not to use the IBM data outside the legal proceedings. The two epidemiologists had submitted a paper with their findings to a journal, but in a letter to their attorney, an IBM lawyer had called attention to the protective order and stated \u201cIBM expressly reserves all of its rights to take any appropriate action.\u201d That killed one effort, but, encouraged by a legal opinion that their results were in the public domain, the epidemiologists tried again. Then the journal's publisher, Elsevier, decided against publication, whereupon a dozen other authors withdrew their own papers in protest (see the letter from IBM, p. [340][3])\n\nStatements by the players in this case raise some interesting questions. IBM's attorney Robert Weber suggested that the testimony was flawed because it was \u201clitigation-generated.\u201d Is that so bad? Good research spawned by lawsuits has resolved some high-profile past cases. Judge Baines said the findings were irrelevant because no link between the mortality data and the workplace conditions was established. Epidemiologists for the defense might have made that argument more convincingly, but the judge took that issue right off the table. Finally, there's the well-worn claim by Weber that the epidemiological study is \u201cjunk science.\u201d\n\nCould be, but it appears that we'll never know. Science works to correct its own mistakes; had this study been published, it could have been evaluated by other epidemiologists interested in this or similar health risks. The decisions to disallow the testimony and to shield the work behind a gag order may have served the cause of justice, but the scientific community and the public have been prevented from reaching their own conclusions about an important matter. Indeed, in view of IBM's scornful view of the study's quality, one wonders why they tried so hard to keep it out of sight.\n\n [1]: pending:yes\n [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.304.5673.937\n [3]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.305.5682.340c" }, { "paper": "2044901159", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2004", "title": "the government machine a revolutionary history of the computer by jon agar", "label": [ "199539241", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2102981511" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Government Machine: A Revolutionary History of the Computer by Jon Agar", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2414294187", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2004", "title": "politics after neoliberalism reregulation in mexico", "label": [ "118589477", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2694476079" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Politics After Neoliberalism: Reregulation in Mexico", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1988050531", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2004", "title": "a sovereign iraq", "label": [ "148834064", "2776957806", "94625758", "199539241", "199776023", "2779872411", "186229450" ], "author": [ "2606946993" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the passing of un resolution 1546 and the granting of sovereignty to the interim iraqi government were heralded in june 2004 as marking a watershed in both international and national attitudes to iraq in spite of the protracted negotiations in new york the delivery of international legal sovereignty back to baghdad was the most straightforward aspect of the whole iraqi problem domestic sovereignty the ability of the new iraqi government to rule its population is a long way off the united states and the international community through choice or necessity will continue to be intimately involved in the day to day domestic politics of iraq for many years to come", "title_raw": "A Sovereign Iraq", "abstract_raw": "The passing of UN Resolution 1546 and the granting of sovereignty to the Interim Iraqi Government were heralded in June 2004 as marking a watershed in both international and national attitudes to Iraq. In spite of the protracted negotiations in New York, the delivery of international legal sovereignty back to Baghdad was the most straightforward aspect of the whole Iraqi problem. Domestic sovereignty, the ability of the new Iraqi government to rule its population, is a long way off. The United States and the international community, through choice or necessity, will continue to be intimately involved in the day-to-day domestic politics of Iraq for many years to come." }, { "paper": "1601952968", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "butler gets 2 years for mishandling plague samples", "label": [ "2780656516", "148834064", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2343143953", "2082001361" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "texas bioterror caselubbock texas deviating from government sentencing guidelines that called for up to 9 years federal judge sam cummings last week sentenced microbiologist thomas butler to 2 years in prison for mishandling plague samples and defrauding texas tech university here", "title_raw": "Butler Gets 2 Years for Mishandling Plague Samples", "abstract_raw": "TEXAS BIOTERROR CASELUBBOCK, TEXAS-- Deviating from government sentencing guidelines that called for up to 9 years, Federal Judge Sam Cummings last week sentenced microbiologist Thomas Butler to 2 years in prison for mishandling plague samples and defrauding Texas Tech University here." }, { "paper": "2032751183", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2004", "title": "the environment and the entrepreneurial city searching for the urban sustainability fix in manchester and leeds", "label": [ "2777946990", "53844881", "201960208", "523173360", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2121627930", "2167202381", "2003392505" ], "reference": [ "39562233", "171155929", "563300981", "566493598", "570933824", "1519026642", "1522191444", "1551322995", "1558815185", "1567966348", "1586469975", "1591764389", "1600509681", "1964590611", "1966421920", "1967807504", "1978175641", "1978430273", "1983347942", "1986739516", "1991334538", "1995232863", "2004939754", "2011440575", "2017073600", "2017078933", "2019216613", "2026983239", "2033201406", "2035580394", "2036219106", "2040704562", "2043648944", "2045581606", "2049082182", "2054807271", "2059760904", "2069072514", "2071421943", "2074885477", "2090015876", "2090372241", "2093985972", "2099759067", "2100234044", "2144964951", "2153996803", "2162389441", "2261843666", "2328037271", "2920425649", "3021537612" ], "abstract": "there is evidence that the politics of economic development in the post industrial city is increasingly bound up with the ability of urban elites to manage ecological impacts and environmental demands emanating from within and outside the urban area more than simply a question of promoting quality of life in cities in response to interurban competition and pressures from local residents the greening of the urban growth machine reflects changes in state rules and incentives structuring urban governance as part of an evolving geopolitics of nature and the environment the adoption of principles and practices of ecological modernization potentially represents a dramatic shift in the social regulation of urban governance away from unconstrained neoliberalized modes in this article we explore how different demands on and for urban environmental policy have played out vis a vis changing modes and practices of governance in two english post industrial cities we explore differences in the ways that entrepreneurial urban regimes have sought to incorporate the green agenda leeds or insulate themselves from ecological dissent manchester we further attempt to conceptualize evolving urban economy environment relations in the uk in terms of an ensemble of governance practices strategies alliances and discourses that enables the local state to manage though not necessarily resolve seemingly conflicting economic social and environmental demands at different scales of territoriality here we propose the notion of an urban sustainability fix to describe the selective incorporation of ecological objectives in local territorial structures during an era of ecological modernization dans les villes post industrielles la politique de developpement economique semble liee de plus en plus etroitement a l aptitude des elites urbaines a gerer les impacts ecologiques et les exigences environnementales venus de l interieur et de l exterieur au dela de la simple defense d une qualite de vie en ville repondant a la concurrence interurbaine et aux pressions des habitants l integration de la cause verte dans la machine de croissance urbaine reflete les nouvelles regles et mesures d encouragement etatiques qui structurent la gouvernance des villes dans le cadre d une geopolitique evolutive de la nature et de l environnement l adoption de principes et pratiques de modernisation ecologique pourrait traduire un revirement dans la regulation sociale de la gouvernance urbaine en remplacant la totale latitude des reponses neoliberales l article explore comment les demandes variees de et en politique urbaine d environnement se sont exercees dans le contexte changeant des modalites et pratiques de gouvernance de deux villes post industrielles anglaises il s interesse aux differences de demarches qu ont adoptees des regimes urbains ayant l esprit d entreprise pour incorporer le programme vert leeds ou s affranchir de la dissidence ecologique manchester de plus il s efforce de conceptualiser les relations evolutives economie environnement dans le cadre urbain britannique en tant qu ensemble de pratiques de gouvernance strategies alliances et discours permettant a l etat local de gerer sans toujours les satisfaire des exigences economiques sociales et environnementales apparemment contradictoires et ce aux differents echelons de territorialite la notion de solution de durabilite urbaine est proposee pour decrire l integration selective d objectifs ecologiques dans les structures territoriales locales pendant une phase de modernisation ecologique", "title_raw": "The environment and the entrepreneurial city: searching for the urban \u2018sustainability;fix\u2019 in Manchester and Leeds", "abstract_raw": "There is evidence that the politics of economic development in the post-industrial city is increasingly bound up with the ability of urban elites to manage ecological impacts and environmental demands emanating from within and outside the urban area. More than simply a question of promoting quality of life in cities in response to interurban competition and pressures from local residents, the greening of the urban growth machine reflects changes in state rules and incentives structuring urban governance as part of an evolving geopolitics of nature and the environment. The adoption of principles and practices of ecological modernization potentially represents a dramatic shift in the social regulation of urban governance away from unconstrained neoliberalized modes. In this article we explore how different demands on and for urban environmental policy have played out vis-a-vis changing modes and practices of governance in two English post-industrial cities. We explore differences in the ways that entrepreneurial urban regimes have sought to incorporate the green agenda (Leeds), or insulate themselves from ecological dissent (Manchester). We further attempt to conceptualize evolving urban economy-environment relations in the UK in terms of an ensemble of governance practices, strategies, alliances and discourses that enables the local state to manage, though not necessarily resolve, seemingly conflicting economic, social and environmental demands at different scales of territoriality. Here we propose the notion of an \u2018urban sustainability fix\u2019 to describe the selective incorporation of ecological objectives in local territorial structures during an era of ecological modernization.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDans les villes post-industrielles, la politique de developpement economique semble liee de plus en plus etroitement a l'aptitude des elites urbaines a gerer les impacts ecologiques et les exigences environnementales venus de l'interieur et de l'exterieur. Au-dela de la simple defense d'une qualite de vie en ville, repondant a la concurrence interurbaine et aux pressions des habitants, l'integration de la cause Verte dans la machine de croissance urbaine reflete les nouvelles regles et mesures d'encouragement etatiques qui structurent la gouvernance des villes dans le cadre d'une geopolitique evolutive de la nature et de l'environnement. L'adoption de principes et pratiques de modernisation ecologique pourrait traduire un revirement dans la regulation sociale de la gouvernance urbaine, en remplacant la totale latitude des reponses neoliberales. L'article explore comment les demandes variees de et en politique urbaine d'environnement se sont exercees dans le contexte changeant des modalites et pratiques de gouvernance de deux villes post-industrielles anglaises. Il s'interesse aux differences de demarches qu'ont adoptees des regimes urbains ayant l'esprit d'entreprise pour incorporer le programme vert (Leeds) ou s'affranchir de la dissidence ecologique (Manchester). De plus, il s'efforce de conceptualiser les relations evolutives economie-environnement dans le cadre urbain britannique en tant qu'ensemble de pratiques de gouvernance, strategies, alliances et discours permettant a l'Etat local de gerer (sans toujours les satisfaire) des exigences economiques, sociales et environnementales apparemment contradictoires, et ce aux differents echelons de territorialite. La notion de \u2018solution de durabilite urbaine\u2019 est proposee pour decrire l'integration selective d'objectifs ecologiques dans les structures territoriales locales pendant une phase de modernisation ecologique." }, { "paper": "2127494690", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2004", "title": "the limits of ecological inference the case of split ticket voting", "label": [ "106259374", "2778223634", "520049643" ], "author": [ "1997653586", "2149921283" ], "reference": [ "274292966", "1531653575", "1533612594", "1966042408", "1970358303", "1986806499", "1992893029", "1995297713", "1995362021", "2016524693", "2016808632", "2018810265", "2021291089", "2030861104", "2033118911", "2043819411", "2065988320", "2081854222", "2088839853", "2090939951", "2121764011", "2127307434", "2134083863", "2134176135", "2136594581", "2153082095", "2162319684", "2171166366", "2312824248", "2319964564", "2322461341", "2323082825", "2327090004", "2327332664", "3124482448" ], "abstract": "we examine the limits of ecological inference methods by focusing on the case of split ticket voting burden and kimball 1998 report that by using the king estimation procedure for inferring individual level behavior from aggregate data they are the first to produce accurate estimates of split ticket voting rates in congressional districts however a closer examination of their data reveals that a satisfactory analysis of this problem is more complex than may initially appear we show that the estimation technique is highly suspect in general and especially unhelpful with their particular data", "title_raw": "The Limits of Ecological Inference: The Case of Split\u2010Ticket Voting", "abstract_raw": "We examine the limits of ecological inference methods by focusing on the case of split-ticket voting. Burden and Kimball (1998) report that, by using the King estimation procedure for inferring individual-level behavior from aggregate data, they are the first to produce accurate estimates of split-ticket voting rates in congressional districts. However, a closer examination of their data reveals that a satisfactory analysis of this problem is more complex than may initially appear. We show that the estimation technique is highly suspect in general and especially unhelpful with their particular data." }, { "paper": "2073453142", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2004", "title": "confronting health inequity the global dimension", "label": [ "47344431", "104977270", "2250968", "185618831", "46578552", "78491826", "193395930" ], "author": [ "2657936322", "2104553057" ], "reference": [ "431803196", "1535803599", "1836114746", "1847070751", "1913544977", "2010738082", "2024201052", "2065180448", "2077133938", "2117719636", "2139254086", "2166176269", "2220135569", "2410144408", "2564753207" ], "abstract": "since the days of hippocrates health inequities and the role of social and environmental factors in the determination of marked differences in health status have been well recognized for some time now the driving force behind public health has been understanding and intervening in the underlying causes of health inequity the publication of the black report1 in the united kingdom in 1980 brought a more focused approach to this discourse by identifying specific factors such as social class gender and race ethnicity as the social and economic determinants of health inequities with this evolution came a conceptual and operational distinction between health disparities inequalities and health inequity equity these distinctions aside the issue of health inequity has moved beyond the academic discourse into the arena of policy and action", "title_raw": "Confronting Health Inequity: The Global Dimension", "abstract_raw": "Since the days of Hippocrates, health inequities and the role of social and environmental factors in the determination of marked differences in health status have been well recognized. For some time now, the driving force behind public health has been understanding and intervening in the underlying causes of health inequity. The publication of the Black Report1 in the United Kingdom in 1980 brought a more focused approach to this discourse by identifying specific factors, such as social class, gender, and race/ethnicity, as the social and economic determinants of health inequities. With this evolution came a conceptual and operational distinction between health disparities/inequalities and health inequity/equity. These distinctions aside, the issue of health inequity has moved beyond the academic discourse into the arena of policy and action." }, { "paper": "2009043168", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2004", "title": "public opinion and democratic accountability how citizens learn about politics", "label": [ "134698397", "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "304013974" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Public Opinion and Democratic Accountability: How Citizens Learn about Politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2068865239", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2004", "title": "cognitive dissonance media illiteracy and public opinion on news media", "label": [ "529147693", "201280247", "67037518", "2779509655", "155030161", "134698397" ], "author": [ "1964610148" ], "reference": [ "150409722", "1971698073", "1976199170", "2045053640", "2085431415", "2102322633", "2153301010", "2313207080", "2336745793" ], "abstract": "during the past 20 years increasing numbers of academic studies industry studies and public opinion polls have assessed relative levels of public learning from news media and public perceptions of u s news media s accuracy believability credibility bias honesty and other characteristics from the early 1980s if not earlier until the mid to late 1990s local television outscored newspapers newspapers are now gaining because of decreasing quality in local television news even if the public believes newspapers are getting better the article suggests that cognitive dissonance and low media literacy were largely responsible for the intervening overrating of television", "title_raw": "Cognitive Dissonance, Media Illiteracy, and Public Opinion on News Media", "abstract_raw": "During the past 20 years, increasing numbers of academic studies, industry studies, and public opinion polls have assessed relative levels of public learning from news media and public perceptions of U.S. news media\u2019s accuracy, believability, credibility, bias, honesty, and other characteristics. From the early 1980s, if not earlier, until the mid- to late 1990s, local television outscored newspapers. Newspapers are now gaining because of decreasing quality in local television news, even if the public believes newspapers are getting better. The article suggests that cognitive dissonance and low media literacy were largely responsible for the intervening overrating of television." }, { "paper": "2043797159", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2004", "title": "ec compliance with wto law the interplay of law and politics", "label": [ "2777626329", "55447825", "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "435430265" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article analyses the interplay of international law and domestic politics in producing compliance with gatt wto law it seeks to assess whether the strengthening of gatt dispute settlement under the wto has led to greater compliance on the part of the european community in doing so it focuses on cases of trade restrictive regulatory process standards from an in depth analysis of two cases in which the ec adopted such standards the article concludes that the change from gatt to wto has indeed led to a greater awareness of international trade law considerations within the ec nevertheless compliance with gatt wto law is not unconditional rather the case studies point to two factors that are particularly important in understanding compliance first resorting to the wto is most effective as a threat before the trade restrictive standards are implemented once these standards are implemented it becomes progressively more difficult to have them withdrawn second the role of european trade officials is crucial in producing compliance although the role of trade officials within the ec has become stronger since the creation of the wto their influence on a decision to comply depends crucially on their capacity to exclude other interests from the decision making process", "title_raw": "EC Compliance with WTO Law: The Interplay of Law and Politics", "abstract_raw": "This article analyses the interplay of international law and domestic politics in producing compliance with GATT/WTO law. It seeks to assess whether the strengthening of GATT dispute settlement under the WTO has led to greater compliance on the part of the European Community. In doing so, it focuses on cases of trade-restrictive regulatory process standards. From an in-depth analysis of two cases in which the EC adopted such standards, the article concludes that the change from GATT to WTO has indeed led to a greater awareness of international trade law considerations within the EC. Nevertheless, compliance with GATT/WTO law is not unconditional. Rather, the case studies point to two factors that are particularly important in understanding compliance. First, resorting to the WTO is most effective as a threat before the trade-restrictive standards are implemented; once these standards are implemented, it becomes progressively more difficult to have them withdrawn. Second, the role of European trade officials is crucial in producing compliance; although the role of trade officials within the EC has become stronger since the creation of the WTO, their influence on a decision to comply depends crucially on their capacity to exclude other interests from the decision-making process." }, { "paper": "3048568253", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2004", "title": "la jurisprudence de l omc the case law of the wto 1996 1997", "label": [ "71043370", "170706310", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2483402033" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "La jurisprudence de l'OMC/The Case-Law of the WTO, 1996-1997", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1999388703", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "conservers plead for funds to protect europe s heritage", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2106465385" ], "reference": [ "1979360267" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Conservers plead for funds to protect Europe's heritage", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3124339490", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2004", "title": "the boundaries of the first amendment a preliminary exploration of constitutional salience", "label": [ "33285361", "2778890055", "2780719617", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1982024620" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "although the first amendment refers to freedom of speech much speech remains totally untouched by it antitrust law securities regulation the law of criminal solicitation and most of the law of evidence for example involve legal control of speech lying well beyond the boundaries of the first amendment s concern it is not that such regulation satisfies a higher burden of justification imposed by the first amendment rather the first amendment does not even show up in the analysis the explanation for lack of first amendment coverage lies not in a theory of free speech or in legal doctrine but instead in an often serendipitous array of political cultural and economic factors determining what makes the first amendment salient in some instances of speech regulation but not in others because the first amendment s cultural magnetism attracts a wide variety of claims nonlegal factors far more than legal ones determine which opportunistic claims to first amendment attention will succeed and which will not legal doctrine and free speech theory may explain what is protected within the first amendment s boundaries but the location of the boundaries themselves the threshold determination of what is a first amendment case and what is not is less a doctrinal matter than a political economic social and cultural one and although the first amendment s historical and political place in american culture makes this article more than just a case study commenting on larger issues of constitutional salience looking at these dimensions of the first amendment has suggestive implications for questions of constitutional salience and the mysterious way in which policy issues are or are not understood to present constitutional issues", "title_raw": "The Boundaries of the First Amendment: A Preliminary Exploration of Constitutional Salience", "abstract_raw": "Although the First Amendment refers to freedom of \"speech,\" much speech remains totally untouched by it. Antitrust law, securities regulation, the law of criminal solicitation, and most of the law of evidence, for example, involve legal control of speech lying well beyond the boundaries of the First Amendment's concern. It is not that such regulation satisfies a higher burden of justification imposed by the First Amendment. Rather, the First Amendment does not even show up in the analysis. The explanation for lack of First Amendment coverage lies not in a theory of free speech or in legal doctrine, but instead in an often serendipitous array of political, cultural, and economic factors determining what makes the First Amendment salient in some instances of speech regulation but not in others. Because the First Amendment's cultural magnetism attracts a wide variety of claims, nonlegal factors, far more than legal ones, determine which opportunistic claims to First Amendment attention will succeed and which will not. Legal doctrine and free speech theory may explain what is protected within the First Amendment's boundaries, but the location of the boundaries themselves the threshold determination of what is a First Amendment case and what is not is less a doctrinal matter than a political, economic, social, and cultural one. And although the First Amendment's historical and political place in American culture makes this Article more than just a case study commenting on larger issues of constitutional salience, looking at these dimensions of the First Amendment has suggestive implications for questions of constitutional salience and the mysterious way in which policy issues are or are not understood to present constitutional issues." }, { "paper": "1552556455", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "the calculus of making stem cells a campaign issue", "label": [ "197487636", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2343143953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "election 2004democratic presidential candidate john f kerry is betting that his support for stem cell research will win him votes in november", "title_raw": "The Calculus of Making Stem Cells a Campaign Issue", "abstract_raw": "ELECTION 2004Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kerry is betting that his support for stem cell research will win him votes in November." }, { "paper": "2095436291", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2004", "title": "generating social capital civil society and institutions in comparative perspective", "label": [ "68062652", "206836424", "9701087", "37129596", "186314094", "142806620" ], "author": [ "2294829354" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "generating social capital civil society and institutions in comparative perspective marc hooghe and dietlind stolle eds new york and houndmills basingstoke palgrave macmillan 2003 pp 256 the concept of social capital has become a popular buzzword like other authors the contributors to this volume draw on robert putnam s well known definition of social capital as generalized trust norms of reciprocity and networks among individuals 2 social capital is credited with providing a wide range of social benefits including tolerance of diversity economic growth lower crime rates better health and more responsive government the grandiose claims made on behalf of social capital and the large amounts of money being poured into developing social capital in diverse social settings as well as the fuzziness of the original concept mean that careful analysis of the idea of social capital is badly needed", "title_raw": "Generating Social Capital: Civil Society and Institutions in Comparative Perspective", "abstract_raw": "Generating Social Capital: Civil Society and Institutions in Comparative Perspective, Marc Hooghe and Dietlind Stolle, eds., New York and Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, pp. 256 The concept of \u201csocial capital\u201d has become a popular buzzword. Like other authors, the contributors to this volume draw on Robert Putnam's well-known definition of social capital as \u201cgeneralized trust, norms of reciprocity and networks\u201d among individuals (2). Social capital is credited with providing a wide range of social benefits, including tolerance of diversity, economic growth, lower crime rates, better health and more responsive government. The grandiose claims made on behalf of social capital and the large amounts of money being poured into developing social capital in diverse social settings, as well as the fuzziness of the original concept, mean that careful analysis of the idea of social capital is badly needed." }, { "paper": "1974951772", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2004", "title": "public opinion public policy and organized interests in the american states", "label": [ "109986646", "3116431", "134698397" ], "author": [ "1997207971", "2335810280", "2492736536", "2892790429" ], "reference": [ "197976316", "1536681797", "1665332082", "1987936802", "2012816589", "2038593991", "2039700075", "2097450399", "2115434991", "2144948315", "2324133196", "2331545579", "2334675978", "2999534664", "3146238584" ], "abstract": "this article examines whether organized interests alter the strong opinion policy linkage observed by erikson wright and mciver 1993 we first replicate the ewm model circa 1980 with the additi", "title_raw": "Public Opinion, Public Policy, and Organized Interests in the American States:", "abstract_raw": "This article examines whether organized interests alter the strong opinion-policy linkage observed by Erikson, Wright, and McIver (1993). We first replicate the EWM model circa 1980 with the additi..." }, { "paper": "643227363", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2004", "title": "genes trade and regulation the seeds of conflict in food biotechnology", "label": [ "94625758", "125505783", "533735693" ], "author": [ "79745748" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "preface vii chapter one introduction and summary 1 chapter two challenges 22 chapter three polarization 44 chapter four interest group politics 66 chapter five regulatory federalism 102 chapter six international trade conflict 118 chapter seven coping with diversity 168 notes 185 references 213 index 225", "title_raw": "Genes, Trade, and Regulation: The Seeds of Conflict in Food Biotechnology", "abstract_raw": "Preface vii Chapter One: Introduction and Summary 1 Chapter Two: Challenges 22 Chapter Three: Polarization 44 Chapter Four: Interest Group Politics 66 Chapter Five: Regulatory Federalism 102 Chapter Six: International Trade Conflict 118 Chapter Seven: Coping with Diversity 168 Notes 185 References 213 Index 225" }, { "paper": "2053542695", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2004", "title": "trans atlantic divergence ge honeywell and the eu s competition policy", "label": [ "2776034101" ], "author": [ "2109903665", "2987850249" ], "reference": [ "1028499592", "1576460547", "1594593508", "1970851572", "1978079101", "1979311411", "2002316709", "2014666160", "2028543260", "2063015929", "2083598480", "2482687386", "2489333261", "2504211886", "3123175156", "3123188884", "3126338112" ], "abstract": "this paper analyses the reasons for the severe eu us disagreement over the proposed merger of two us firms general electric and honeywell which would have been the largest industrial merger in history the case one of the relatively rare instances where the european commission prohibited a merger is interesting because the eu and us authorities took opposing decisions even though the merger affected world markets the paper argues that the commission s investigation of this complex case was undermined by its relative autonomy combined with procedures processes and a lack of resources that left it vulnerable to inadequate analysis the deal broke down not because of failures in communication between us and eu officials but rather because of the limited and flawed assessment by brussels which the eu system allowed", "title_raw": "Trans-Atlantic divergence? GE Honeywell and the EU's competition policy", "abstract_raw": "This paper analyses the reasons for the severe EU\u2013US disagreement over the proposed merger of two US firms, General Electric and Honeywell, which would have been the largest industrial merger in history. The case, one of the relatively rare instances where the European Commission prohibited a merger, is interesting because the EU and US authorities took opposing decisions even though the merger affected world markets. The paper argues that the Commission's investigation of this complex case was undermined by its relative autonomy, combined with procedures, processes and a lack of resources that left it vulnerable to inadequate analysis. The deal broke down not because of failures in communication between US and EU officials, but rather because of the limited and flawed assessment by Brussels which the EU system allowed." }, { "paper": "1970252610", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2004", "title": "the challenges of contracting and accountability across the federal system from ambulances to space shuttles", "label": [ "533735693", "2776398702", "148834064", "3116431", "2778719706", "2776007630" ], "author": [ "2108354472", "288760021", "2312807490" ], "reference": [ "189790862", "566379005", "580647293", "625828318", "1490784792", "1491306755", "1509310665", "1585829735", "1597957957", "1982156586", "1983116581", "1995734824", "2006256506", "2006860561", "2009942638", "2011966145", "2022021526", "2023717146", "2026406426", "2031867239", "2047882430", "2052432121", "2057015190", "2060665760", "2063397334", "2068177926", "2091101391", "2107544761", "2131113851", "2135912248", "2157738753", "2187879834", "2313048925", "2314087408", "2333554163", "2486762265", "2889398378", "2978012948", "3123086875", "3125936324" ], "abstract": "this article focuses on two questions related lo government contracting and accountability how are key components of contracting similar or different for city state and federal governments in the united states to what extent do the three levels of government share the widely recognized challenges of contract design and contract management to address these questions we compared and contrasted six contracting cases two each for local state and the federal governments we found that for all governments in the u s federal system the public management functions of contracting are remarkably similar and that contract management and the achievement of accountability are weak links in the contracting process our findings do not support the hypothesis that contract management is more effective in local government relative to state and federal governments copyright 2004 oxford university press", "title_raw": "The Challenges of Contracting and Accountability Across the Federal System: From Ambulances to Space Shuttles", "abstract_raw": "This article focuses on two questions related lo government contracting and accountability. How are key components of contracting similar or different for city, state, and federal governments in the United States? To what extent do the three levels of government share the widely recognized challenges of contract design and contract management? To address these questions, we compared and contrasted six contracting cases, two each for local, state, and the federal governments. We found that for all governments in the U.S. federal system, the public management functions of contracting are remarkably similar, and that contract management and the achievement of accountability are \u201cweak links\u201d in the contracting process. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that contract management is more effective in local government relative to state and federal governments. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press." }, { "paper": "2164597889", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2004", "title": "connecting trusting and participating the direct and interactive effects of social associations", "label": [ "2776431611", "39549134", "2778173179" ], "author": [ "2191182046", "2148093209", "2589636350" ], "reference": [ "36997218", "68955628", "1506696556", "1601897243", "1873738398", "1965706469", "1969062436", "1972981378", "1974904666", "1990214563", "1994108876", "2000086848", "2005011082", "2025220824", "2026101729", "2039018217", "2044453219", "2046444360", "2055521903", "2061518704", "2063949224", "2064869822", "2073453771", "2074464474", "2075483038", "2089111766", "2105275777", "2110408147", "2118549945", "2118894894", "2147812689", "2151544484", "2153943092", "2154235721", "2156137003", "2157619495", "2160508171", "2248400694", "2330262904", "2333044033", "2333907356", "2484919004", "2485663197", "2523192323", "2753221422", "2798823399", "3011963386", "3124920520", "3178617704" ], "abstract": "in recent years research has come to recognize that nonpolitical associations have unintended but important consequences for citizens participation in public affairs scholars theorize that these associational activities embedded within social networks and sustained by confidence in the motives of others encourage and facilitate participation in civic life this study tests and broadens these theses by 1 assessing the relative impact of different types of associational activities i e informal socializing public attendance and religious participation and 2 examining interactive relationships between these activities and generalized interpersonal trust findings show that all of these associational activities significantly contribute to civic engagement furthermore all three interactions between the social associations and social trust are significant indicating that those involved in associational activities are even more likely to become civic participants when they hold trusting attitudes", "title_raw": "Connecting, trusting, and participating: The direct and interactive effects of social associations", "abstract_raw": "In recent years, research has come to recognize that nonpolitical associations have unintended but important consequences for citizens\u2019 participation in public affairs. Scholars theorize that these associational activities\u2014embedded within social networks and sustained by confidence in the motives of others\u2014encourage and facilitate participation in civic life. This study tests and broadens these theses by (1) assessing the relative impact of different types of associational activities (i.e., informal socializing, public attendance, and religious participation) and (2) examining interactive relationships between these activities and generalized interpersonal trust. Findings show that all of these associational activities significantly contribute to civic engagement. Furthermore, all three interactions between the social associations and social trust are significant, indicating that those involved in associational activities are even more likely to become civic participants when they hold trusting attitudes ..." }, { "paper": "2092176974", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2004", "title": "state in society studying how states and societies transform and constitute one another", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2251373332" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "State in society: Studying how states and societies transform and constitute one another.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1974103539", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2004", "title": "writing in the public relations curriculum practitioner perceptions versus pedagogy", "label": [ "47177190", "61521584", "119513131", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2341022808", "110483703" ], "reference": [ "1976701493", "1999162173", "2001429518", "2020819604", "2026597493", "2043230280", "2077071327", "2415913106" ], "abstract": "abstract educators and practitioners seem to agree that writing is a public relations curriculum fundamental an examination of the writing requirements of 152 asjmc accredited public relations programs indicates that only a little more than half 57 require a news writing course fewer require a public relations writing course 51 nearly 200 public relations practitioners were surveyed as to their perceptions of college public relations educators writing emphases this exploratory study s findings suggest that practitioners believe both news writing and public relations writing classes should be mandatory for public relations students they offer slightly stronger support for news writing recommendations include requiring writing intensive coursework overall and encouraging students to seek journalism experience through campus news outlets", "title_raw": "Writing in the public relations curriculum: practitioner perceptions versus pedagogy", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Educators and practitioners seem to agree that writing is a public relations curriculum fundamental. An examination of the writing requirements of 152 ASJMC accredited public relations programs indicates that only a little more than half (57%) require a news writing course. Fewer require a public relations writing course (51%). Nearly 200 public relations practitioners were surveyed as to their perceptions of college public relations educators\u2019 writing emphases. This exploratory study\u2019s findings suggest that practitioners believe both news writing and public relations writing classes should be mandatory for public relations students; they offer slightly stronger support for news writing. Recommendations include requiring writing-intensive coursework, overall, and encouraging students to seek journalism experience through campus news outlets." }, { "paper": "1485165979", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2004", "title": "trade threats trade wars bargaining retaliation and american coercive diplomacy", "label": [ "557252395" ], "author": [ "249394514" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Trade Threats, Trade Wars: Bargaining, Retaliation, and American Coercive Diplomacy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "158571882", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2004", "title": "we the peoples of europe", "label": [ "199539241", "2779010840", "2776154427", "2779707719", "2776398702", "2780999888", "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2249258005" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "political tremors are shaking the old continent as the european union s enlargement brings most of the continent under the same banner europeans like their american cousins two centuries ago are on the verge of treating themselves to a full blown constitution in june after more than two years of heated debate eu heads of state settled on the text of the treaty establishing a constitution for europe the treaty will not enter into force however until it is ratified by all 25 member states through their national parliaments or popular referendums and a single defection could spell the end of the entire exercise was the june meeting europe s philadelphia the text s drafters claim that it was they argue that the constitution will give the eu a more eaective government better adapted to its greater size and ambitions and make it a more democratic polity the document s detractors meanwhile make one of two critiques some say the document is not bold enough especially on the social front others claim that it is a watershed but warn that it will blur the precious diaerences among the members unique histories and identities turning the eu into a monolithic united states of europe the eu s original sin may be that it was not built on a democratic foundation its citizens were not asked to vet the union s creation but", "title_raw": "\"We, the Peoples of Europe ...\"", "abstract_raw": "Political tremors are shaking the old continent. As the European Union\u2019s enlargement brings most of the continent under the same banner, Europeans, like their American cousins two centuries ago, are on the verge of treating themselves to a full-blown constitution. In June, after more than two years of heated debate, eu heads of state settled on the text of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe. The treaty will not enter into force, however, until it is ratified by all 25 member states, through their national parliaments or popular referendums. And a single defection could spell the end of the entire exercise. Was the June meeting Europe\u2019s Philadelphia? The text\u2019s drafters claim that it was. They argue that the constitution will give the eu a more eaective government, better adapted to its greater size and ambitions, and make it a more democratic polity. The document\u2019s detractors, meanwhile, make one of two critiques. Some say the document is not bold enough, especially on the social front; others claim that it is a watershed but warn that it will blur the precious diaerences among the members\u2019 unique histories and identities, turning the eu into a monolithic \u201cUnited States of Europe.\u201d The eu\u2019s original sin may be that it was not built on a democratic foundation; its citizens were not asked to vet the union\u2019s creation. But" }, { "paper": "2076218908", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2004", "title": "exodus of czech doctors leaves gaps in health care", "label": [ "160735492" ], "author": [ "2086568679" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Exodus of Czech doctors leaves gaps in health care", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2082904835", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2004", "title": "scholarship unbound assessing service as scholarship for promotion and tenure review", "label": [ "3116431", "68151297", "2778061430", "39549134" ], "author": [ "614526560" ], "reference": [ "418119779", "1548317321", "1558097898", "1970777870" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Scholarship Unbound: Assessing Service as Scholarship for Promotion and Tenure (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2056409287", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2004", "title": "a relational approach examining the interplay of prior reputation and immediate response to a crisis", "label": [ "39549134", "48798503" ], "author": [ "2160833215", "2273368808" ], "reference": [ "66205563", "135846779", "218564596", "279613246", "296724358", "353667370", "603752508", "1485977648", "1566682921", "1567663560", "1662240627", "1965340182", "1972405355", "1974464936", "1984490653", "1990474114", "1996547717", "1998337101", "2002869638", "2008447925", "2013186838", "2014508240", "2018092638", "2019894798", "2023175925", "2027415504", "2027525432", "2031398192", "2038057831", "2038443585", "2042606732", "2049047933", "2061544316", "2073696672", "2076426442", "2077949841", "2084394925", "2104860453", "2118080661", "2120061261", "2121157156", "2155667553", "2169399557", "2333930280", "2478847408", "2483118584", "2501327237", "2502933860", "2506838913", "2528378601", "3092855939" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Relational Approach Examining the Interplay of Prior Reputation and Immediate Response to a Crisis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "16987524", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2004", "title": "voter turnout in politically homogeneous and dichotomous contexts a comparison of two electoral systems", "label": [ "119588120", "94625758", "59742305", "555826173" ], "author": [ "1965738732" ], "reference": [ "1480877497", "1648307958", "1692053227", "1798151956", "1925504877", "1971340320", "1986052550", "2013227447", "2016501769", "2018818488", "2024547150", "2037668165", "2066477798", "2073653133", "2085028705", "2091305470", "2095720674", "2128561569", "2133009477", "2158765383", "2203256949", "2327332664" ], "abstract": "abstract the article analyses the impact of the local political context on voter turnout two specific situations are studied i e contexts where one political party dominates and contexts where the political support is evenly split between two large parties voter turnout in these two constellations is compared with communities where the vote is fragmented between several parties moreover the electoral system is treated as an intervening variable and two countries with different electoral systems are included in the study all democratic parliamentary elections in finland pr and great britain fptp are studied thus the time span covers eight decades from 1918 to 2001 the theoretical approach model is based on hypotheses of social gravity and cross pressures it is established that the local political context affects voter turnout clearly in the plurality system whereas the effects in the proportional system are less apparent", "title_raw": "Voter turnout in politically homogeneous and dichotomous contexts: A comparison of two electoral systems", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The article analyses the impact of the local political context on voter turnout. Two specific situations are studied, i.e. contexts where one political party dominates and contexts where the political support is evenly split between two large parties. Voter turnout in these two constellations is compared with communities where the vote is fragmented between several parties. Moreover, the electoral system is treated as an intervening variable and two countries with different electoral systems are included in the study. All democratic parliamentary elections in Finland (PR) and Great Britain (FPTP) are studied. Thus, the time span covers eight decades from 1918 to 2001. The theoretical approach model is based on hypotheses of social gravity and cross-pressures. It is established that the local political context affects voter turnout clearly in the plurality system, whereas the effects in the proportional system are less apparent." }, { "paper": "2122667233", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2004", "title": "india s silicon valley or silicon valley s india socially embedding the computer software industry in bangalore", "label": [ "30455989", "41866144" ], "author": [ "2122799730" ], "reference": [ "132761675", "642793053", "1491096014", "1595863468", "1900412010", "1973764712", "2002050008", "2007287880", "2012275303", "2015860170", "2017025034", "2018024368", "2049704651", "2063970855", "2064995838", "2065259123", "2090233361", "2098426579", "2116522145", "2147965463", "2159942800", "2165182702", "2240181249", "2321145096", "2487456071", "2783539647", "2983995785", "3022339544", "3121173166", "3122328678", "3125329005", "3134939880" ], "abstract": "since the 1980s the changing character of the indian state has allowed it to move away from a highly regulated autarkic development model to pursue lighter regulation and closer integration with the global economy this move created the incentives for india s emergence as a leading software exporter within india bangalore emerged as the leading software producing region and the large number of domestic and foreign firms there has led to popular references to it as india s silicon valley this essay however argues that referring to bangalore as silicon valley s india is more appropriate as it struggles to transform itself from a region that develops software for global markets to one that defines new products and technologies driving the growth of the indian software industry is the export of labour intensive services while the relatively small and slow growing domestic market has limited the nurturing of original ideas the essay explains the limitations in terms of social constraints on the state despite its changed character the analysis of how changing state society relations have shaped the software industry in bangalore provides a means of addressing debates on the importance of social embeddedness in agglomeration and late industrialization in newly industrializing countries depuis les annees 1980 et le changement de nature de l etat indien ce dernier s eloigne d un modele de developpement autarcique tres reglemente allant vers un contro le allege et une integration plus etroite a l economie mondiale cette evolution a suscite des mesures d incitation favorisant l emergence de l inde comme premier exportateur de logiciels dans le pays c est la region de bangalore qui est en tete de la production de logiciels et la concentration d entreprises nationales et etrangeres y est connue sous le nom de silicon valley indienne pourtant l inde de la silicon valley conviendrait mieux puisque la region s efforce de passer du developpement de logiciels destines a des marches mondiaux a la definition de nouveaux produits et technologies la dynamique du secteur indien des logiciels tient a l exportation de services demandeurs de main d uvre tandis que le marche interieur relativement restreint et a croissance lente a limite les sources d idees originales l article explique les limitations en termes de contraintes sociales sur l etat malgre sa nouvelle nature analyser comment les relations etat societe et leur evolution ont modele l industrie des logiciels a bangalore permet ainsi d aborder le debat sur l importance de l integration sociale dans une agglomeration et une industrialisation tardive propres aux pays d industrie recente", "title_raw": "India's Silicon Valley or Silicon Valley's India? Socially Embedding the Computer Software Industry in Bangalore", "abstract_raw": "Since the 1980s, the changing character of the Indian state has allowed it to move away from a highly regulated, autarkic development model to pursue lighter regulation and closer integration with the global economy. This move created the incentives for India\u201as emergence as a leading software exporter. Within India, Bangalore emerged as the leading software\u2013producing region and the large number of domestic and foreign firms there has led to popular references to it as India\u201as Silicon Valley. This essay, however, argues that referring to Bangalore as Silicon Valley\u201as India is more appropriate, as it struggles to transform itself from a region that develops software for global markets to one that defines new products and technologies. Driving the growth of the Indian software industry is the export of labour\u2013intensive services, while the relatively small and slow\u2013growing domestic market has limited the nurturing of original ideas. The essay explains the limitations in terms of social constraints on the state despite its changed character. The analysis of how changing state\u2013society relations have shaped the software industry in Bangalore provides a means of addressing debates on the importance of social embeddedness in agglomeration and late industrialization in newly industrializing countries.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDepuis les annees 1980 et le changement de nature de l'Etat indien, ce dernier s'eloigne d'un modele de developpement autarcique tres reglemente, allant vers un contro le allege et une integration plus etroite a l'economie mondiale. Cette evolution a suscite des mesures d'incitation favorisant l'emergence de l'Inde comme premier exportateur de logiciels. Dans le pays, c'est la region de Bangalore qui est en tete de la production de logiciels, et la concentration d'entreprises nationales et etrangeres y est connue sous le nom de `Silicon Valley indienne'. Pourtant, `l'Inde de la Silicon Valley' conviendrait mieux, puisque la region s'efforce de passer du developpement de logiciels destines a des marches mondiaux a la definition de nouveaux produits et technologies. La dynamique du secteur indien des logiciels tient a` l'exportation de services demandeurs de main-d'uvre, tandis que le marche interieur, relativement restreint et a croissance lente, a limite les sources d'idees originales. L'article explique les limitations en termes de contraintes sociales sur l'Etat malgre sa nouvelle nature. Analyser comment les relations Etat-societe et leur evolution ont modele l'industrie des logiciels a Bangalore permet ainsi d'aborder le debat sur l'importance de l'integration sociale dans une agglomeration et une industrialisation tardive propres aux pays d'industrie recente." }, { "paper": "2063939643", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2004", "title": "constructing identities in mexican american political organizations choosing issues taking sides", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2923188545" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Constructing Identities in Mexican American Political Organizations: Choosing Issues, Taking Sides", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1997298744", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2004", "title": "the cee countries on the way into the eu adjustment problems institutional adjustment real and nominal convergence", "label": [ "2776713681" ], "author": [ "2717589719" ], "reference": [ "323476090", "2797646775" ], "abstract": "in the wake of the lengthy preparations which have been progressing rigorously since the conclusion of the association agreements eight central and east european countries cee 8 are expected to join the european union in may 2004 the process of adapting to the conditions of an enlarged community does not end with subscription to the accession treaties and the ratification of these treaties by the parliaments of current member states", "title_raw": "The CEE countries on the way into the EU\u2014adjustment problems: institutional adjustment, real and nominal convergence", "abstract_raw": "IN THE WAKE OF THE LENGTHY PREPARATIONS, which have been progressing rigorously since the conclusion of the Association Agreements, eight Central and East European countries (CEE-8) are expected to join the European Union in May 2004. The process of adapting to the conditions of an enlarged Community does not end with subscription to the Accession Treaties and the ratification of these treaties by the parliaments of current member states." }, { "paper": "482618521", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2004", "title": "the legacies of liberalism path dependence and political regimes in central america", "label": [ "547727832", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2412305438" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Legacies of Liberalism: Path Dependence and Political Regimes in Central America", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2283447170", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2004", "title": "economic reform and democratization evidence from latin america and post socialist countries", "label": [ "17058734", "83549873", "94625758", "158886217" ], "author": [ "2121506812" ], "reference": [ "20733361", "122421597", "349570580", "389442413", "1529652630", "1533369859", "1561140006", "1590676172", "1985534899", "2020368921", "2045930683", "2096112722", "2131677195", "2132317630", "2144289211", "2150302465", "2317175875", "2490484702", "2606392014", "2799874620", "3018214579" ], "abstract": "what are the political consequences of economic reform in new democracies is the effect of economic reform on democratization the same across regions some scholars of transitology argue that economic reform has negative consequences on democratization largely because the resistance of established groups can undermine democratization processes others mainly scholars of the post socialist region argue that in the post socialist region economic reform has positive consequences on political democratization due in large part to the region s distinctive historical and structural legacies the heated debate between philippe schmitter with terry karl and valerie bunce provides ample opportunity to re think about democratization in a more contextual and cross regional perspective however there has been little systematic empirical analysis across regions this analysis attempts to fill the gap by examining whether the dominant research paradigm of democratization is empirically valid across regions in transition", "title_raw": "Economic Reform and Democratization: Evidence from Latin America and Post-Socialist Countries", "abstract_raw": "What are the political consequences of economic reform in new democracies? Is the effect of economic reform on democratization the same across regions? Some scholars of transitology argue that economic reform has negative consequences on democratization largely because the resistance of established groups can undermine democratization processes. Others, mainly scholars of the post-socialist region, argue that in the post-socialist region economic reform has positive consequences on political democratization due in large part to the region's distinctive historical and structural legacies. The heated debate between Philippe Schmitter with Terry Karl and Valerie Bunce provides ample opportunity to (re)think about democratization in a more contextual and cross-regional perspective. However, there has been little systematic empirical analysis across regions. This analysis attempts to fill the gap by examining whether the dominant research paradigm of democratization is empirically valid across regions in transition." }, { "paper": "2508124496", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2004", "title": "hard choices easy answers values information and american public opinion", "label": [ "39549134", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2686028290" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Hard Choices, Easy Answers: Values, Information, and American Public Opinion", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2031715401", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2004", "title": "book review vinay lal empire of knowledge culture and plurality in the global economy london pluto press 2002 254 pp", "label": [ "2778495208" ], "author": [ "2633234457" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Vinay Lal, Empire of Knowledge: Culture and Plurality in the Global Economy (London: Pluto Press, 2002, 254 pp.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2066027434", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2004", "title": "a double edged sword globalization and biosecurity", "label": [ "2119116", "2779923675", "63504599", "203133693" ], "author": [ "2470623596", "2111794975" ], "reference": [ "141830797", "145808439", "149704546", "163493597", "563089973", "609438712", "1494308628", "1508939875", "1514449478", "1544422294", "1545223934", "1564296003", "1594640293", "1772475940", "1791859182", "1859364475", "1969447942", "1977954932", "2001956770", "2004071993", "2008056941", "2008374378", "2021394965", "2022852113", "2035062991", "2038022164", "2078438988", "2081616308", "2090595576", "2116579110", "2250094826", "2330655970", "2397237573", "2489347002", "2556123583", "2798321556", "2799368860", "2801051990" ], "abstract": "a common argument since the terrorist attacks in new york and washington d c on september 11 2001 is that while economic globalization brings enhanced efficiency this comes at the cost of greater vulnerability to terrorism audrey kurth cronin maintains the current wave of international terrorism characterized by unpredictable and unprecedented threats from nonstate actors not only is a reaction to globalization but is facilitated by it it would be naive to assume says cronin that what is good for international commerce and communication is not also good for international terrorists 2 similarly kurt campbell contends much has been written about the forces of globalization the relentless expansion of market forces and the constant search for greater economic efficiencies many of the things that have left western societies vulnerable to terrorist attacks are the very efficiencies that have come as a consequence of the relentless search for efficiency and the maximization of productivity by person companies and countries stanley hoffman argues that islamic terrorism is partly fueled by a resistance to unjust economic globalization insofar as globalization enriches some and uproots many those who are both poor and uprooted may seek revenge and self esteem in terrorism 4", "title_raw": "A Double-Edged Sword: Globalization and Biosecurity", "abstract_raw": "A common argument since the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, D.C., on September 11, 2001, is that while economic globalization brings enhanced efficiency, this comes at the cost of greater vulnerability to terrorism. Audrey Kurth Cronin maintains, \"The current wave of international terrorism, characterized by unpredictable and unprecedented threats from nonstate actors, not only is a reaction to globalization but is facilitated by it.\"' \"It would be naive to assume,\" says Cronin, \"that what is good for international commerce and communication is not also good for international terrorists.\"2 Similarly, Kurt Campbell contends, \"Much has been written about the forces of globalization-the relentless expansion of market forces and the constant search for greater economic efficiencies. . . . Many of the things that have left Western societies vulnerable to terrorist attacks are the very efficiencies that have come as a consequence of the relentless search for efficiency and the maximization of productivity, by person, companies, and countries.\"' Stanley Hoffman argues that Islamic terrorism is partly fueled by \"a resistance to 'unjust' economic globalization. . . . Insofar as globalization enriches some and uproots many, those who are both poor and uprooted may seek revenge and self-esteem in terrorism.\"4" }, { "paper": "2022146440", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2004", "title": "big questions in administrative ethics a need for focused collaborative effort", "label": [ "47177190", "39549134", "11012388", "2781316041", "2778061430", "161936438", "2777452579" ], "author": [ "2103091674" ], "reference": [ "581436325", "581964206", "603234312", "603898538", "1485711977", "1514539700", "1597357714", "1898777271", "1966861174", "1975066277", "1981406378", "1983635047", "1986578153", "1988438776", "1994508729", "1995608528", "2003237074", "2010811122", "2021976865", "2029561219", "2031646022", "2033142584", "2038078031", "2083156146", "2085652006", "2086529266", "2086642931", "2099908324", "2101275850", "2102296982", "2129811079", "2133437747", "2149295215", "2169090414", "2316020097", "2317902207", "2318324256", "2319181692", "2319315209", "2320617320", "2322189919", "2323805457", "2324082956", "2327043982", "2328622095", "2330889179", "2331293499", "2335347189", "2490326530", "2541367624", "2589473423", "2912322605", "3158104492", "3204728281" ], "abstract": "introduction1 i have argued elsewhere that administrative ethics as a significant field of study is only about 30 years old dating from the mid 1970s largely instigated by the work of the new public administration and reflecting developments in thought about public administration dating back into the 1930s during these few decades scholarly work on administrative ethics and its application to practice have expanded with enormous speed and rich diversity both in the united states and around the world the number of journal articles books courses conferences and training exercises have proliferated beyond anyone s wildest expectations more than a passing fad administrative ethics has demonstrated its sustainability and its centrality to the field cooper 2001 1 36 what is lacking with respect to these developments is anything like a focused effort by groups of scholars to study specific sets of significant research questions in a sustained and systematic fashion there is an enormous amount of interesting but highly disparate scholarship on administrative ethics reflecting the diverse and often episodic interests that capture our attention the existence of this rich diversity of work is not bad at all rather it indicates lively intellectual engagement and the multifaceted nature of the field it also may be viewed as a necessary scoping of the field in its early stages the product of an energetic exploration of the range of concerns in the study of administrative ethics after approximately three decades however there is very little that manifests ongoing scholarship by working groups based on specific theoretical perspectives sets of related problems or significant issues without collaborative efforts to fix our gaze on the most fundamental and vexing questions that are essential to moving administrative ethics forward there is a risk that the creativity and energy now being directed to the subject will dissipate and that our field will fail to earn the sustained prominence in journals curricula and professional development it deserves without this kind of concentrated work administrative ethics may remain an interesting but peripheral concern none of us can define the elements and boundaries of such concentrated efforts that needs to become a matter in which many of us invest ourselves we need to work at building consensus among those interested in administrative ethics about sets of research questions that in some sense define the heart of the field not intended to preclude or exclude other work on other questions the call here is for the establishment of a center of gravity for the development of administrative ethics around some focused collaborative efforts diversity of interests articulated by many from various areas in public administration are needed to keep the field fresh and lively focused efforts of those mainly committed to studying administrative ethics may be required to provide sustainability coherence and sufficient weight to advance it solidly into the core of public administration this essay should be viewed as the first bid in a conversation about those big questions around which some focused sustained and collaborative activity might be organized it began with an invitation i sent out to the aspa section on ethics listserv on september 27 2002 in that message members of the section were asked to offer their nominations for the big questions in administrative ethics thoughtful responses were received from 10 persons with excellent proposals for questions of central impor", "title_raw": "Big Questions in Administrative Ethics: A Need for Focused, Collaborative Effort", "abstract_raw": "Introduction1 I have argued elsewhere that administrative ethics as a significant field of study is only about 30 years old, dating from the mid-1970s, largely instigated by the work of the New Public Administration, and reflecting developments in thought about public administration dating back into the 1930s. During these few decades, scholarly work on administrative ethics and its application to practice have expanded with enormous speed and rich diversity, both in the United States and around the world. The number of journal articles, books, courses, conferences, and training exercises have proliferated beyond anyone\u2019s wildest expectations. More than a passing fad, administrative ethics has demonstrated its sustainability and its centrality to the field (Cooper 2001, 1\u201336). What is lacking with respect to these developments is anything like a focused effort by groups of scholars to study specific sets of significant research questions in a sustained and systematic fashion. There is an enormous amount of interesting but highly disparate scholarship on administrative ethics reflecting the diverse and often episodic interests that capture our attention. The existence of this rich diversity of work is not bad at all; rather, it indicates lively intellectual engagement and the multifaceted nature of the field. It also may be viewed as a necessary scoping of the field in its early stages, the product of an energetic exploration of the range of concerns in the study of administrative ethics. After approximately three decades, however, there is very little that manifests ongoing scholarship by working groups based on specific theoretical perspectives, sets of related problems, or significant issues. Without collaborative efforts to fix our gaze on the most fundamental and vexing questions that are essential to moving administrative ethics forward, there is a risk that the creativity and energy now being directed to the subject will dissipate, and that our field will fail to earn the sustained prominence in journals, curricula, and professional development it deserves. Without this kind of concentrated work, administrative ethics may remain an interesting but peripheral concern. None of us can define the elements and boundaries of such concentrated efforts; that needs to become a matter in which many of us invest ourselves. We need to work at building consensus among those interested in administrative ethics about sets of research questions that, in some sense, define the heart of the field. Not intended to preclude or exclude other work on other questions, the call here is for the establishment of a center of gravity for the development of administrative ethics around some focused collaborative efforts. Diversity of interests articulated by many from various areas in public administration are needed to keep the field fresh and lively; focused efforts of those mainly committed to studying administrative ethics may be required to provide sustainability, coherence, and sufficient weight to advance it solidly into the core of public administration. This essay should be viewed as the first bid in a conversation about those \u201cbig questions\u201d around which some focused, sustained, and collaborative activity might be organized. It began with an invitation I sent out to the ASPA Section on Ethics Listserv on September 27, 2002. In that message, members of the section were asked to offer their nominations for the \u201cbig questions\u201d in administrative ethics. Thoughtful responses were received from 10 persons, with excellent proposals for questions of central impor-" }, { "paper": "1558758934", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "white house panel issues its final word on reproductive technology", "label": [ "199539241", "2777351106", "109913982", "188084074" ], "author": [ "2188333814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the president9s council on bioethics has come up with an idea that it hopes will break the stalemate in congress over anticloning legislation a measure that doesn9t have the word cloning in it", "title_raw": "White House Panel Issues Its Final Word on Reproductive Technology", "abstract_raw": "The President9s Council on Bioethics has come up with an idea that it hopes will break the stalemate in Congress over anticloning legislation: a measure that doesn9t have the word \"cloning\" in it." }, { "paper": "1999051025", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2004", "title": "scandal and media in the united kingdom from major to blair", "label": [ "2778430575", "119513131", "148834064", "56617239", "2776845398", "199539241", "2780586970", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "1829763325" ], "reference": [ "604465458", "1481749447", "1589010126", "1782021905", "2038996582", "2051414920", "2055835470", "2105243264", "2136269373", "2280296834" ], "abstract": "this article looks at the recent spate of political scandal news both financial and sexual in the united kingdom during the major and blair administrations scandal revelations especially those produced by the press may be due in part to the audience building strategies of the media dissenting views in contrast may possibly be offered as a result of the media s own legitimation needs stories of scandal serve to undermine institutions in the public s mind and can often provoke the setting up of government and parliamentary committees leading to the regulation of particular activities this article shows how the accumulation of scandal stories may have serious repercussions for the popularity of governments and prime ministers and may influence the representation of all aspects of policy", "title_raw": "Scandal and Media in the United Kingdom : From Major to Blair", "abstract_raw": "This article looks at the recent spate of political scandal news, both financial and sexual, in the United Kingdom during the Major and Blair administrations. Scandal revelations, especially those produced by the press, may be due in part to the audience-building strategies of the media. Dissenting views, in contrast, may possibly be offered as a result of the media\u2019s own legitimation needs. Stories of scandal serve to undermine institutions in the public\u2019s mind and can often provoke the setting up of government and parliamentary committees leading to the regulation of particular activities. This article shows how the accumulation of scandal stories may have serious repercussions for the popularity of governments and prime ministers and may influence the representation of all aspects of policy." }, { "paper": "2133443337", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2004", "title": "participation or consultation reflections on a beneficiary based evaluation of unhcr s programme for sierra leonean and liberian refugees in guinea june july 2000", "label": [ "26869875", "173145845" ], "author": [ "2144285616" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Participation or Consultation? Reflections on a \u2018Beneficiary Based\u2019 Evaluation of UNHCR's Programme for Sierra Leonean and Liberian Refugees in Guinea, June\u2013July 2000", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2001325050", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2004", "title": "south koreans perceptions of north koreans and implications for public relations campaigns", "label": [ "39549134", "558299567" ], "author": [ "2626027335", "2264823027" ], "reference": [ "1972575379", "2018048638", "2027974451", "2028275946", "2046921299", "2064500452", "2110020467", "2112693401", "2494607702", "2590293208" ], "abstract": "abstract analyzing data from a telephone survey of south korean respondents we explored public campaign strategies for relationship building between south and north koreas we examined three important questions essential for the relationship building what are the typical images of the north that south koreans find in the media how do south koreans perceive north koreans do such perceptions guide their intention to integrate with north koreans our findings may provide important insights in developing communication agenda and message strategies particularly for policy makers and public communication practitioners whose efforts aim to build a favorable relationship between the south and the north", "title_raw": "South Koreans\u2019 perceptions of North Koreans and implications for public relations campaigns", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Analyzing data from a telephone survey of South Korean respondents, we explored public campaign strategies for relationship building between South and North Koreas. We examined three important questions essential for the relationship building: What are the typical images of the North that South Koreans find in the media? How do South Koreans perceive North Koreans? Do such perceptions guide their intention to integrate with North Koreans? Our findings may provide important insights in developing communication agenda and message strategies, particularly for policy makers and public communication practitioners, whose efforts aim to build a favorable relationship between the South and the North." }, { "paper": "2014372838", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "iran threatens to pull out of nuclear treaty", "label": [ "2779010840" ], "author": [ "683942475" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Iran threatens to pull out of nuclear treaty", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2799382728", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2004", "title": "toward nuclear abolition a history of the world nuclear disarmament movement vol 3 1971 to the present", "label": [ "2780105426" ], "author": [ "2163428912", "688112437" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Toward Nuclear Abolition: A History of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement, Vol. 3: 1971 to the Present", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2400386762", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2004", "title": "comment sixth amendment state sentencing guidelines", "label": [ "199539241", "177986884", "170706310", "2779184190" ], "author": [ "2160986342" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Comment, Sixth Amendment--State Sentencing Guidelines", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1972727983", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2004", "title": "stolen elections the case of the serbian october", "label": [ "2777094542", "2780668109", "199539241", "2776845502" ], "author": [ "2583792208", "2126580323" ], "reference": [ "579658284", "643335653", "1487692684", "1533369859", "1590048629", "1977372410", "1980689230", "1986437148", "2017522231", "2035675634", "2040539890", "2064727659", "2065021518", "2066511003", "2072384656", "2106150004", "2139339298", "2148388782", "2800456156" ], "abstract": "he overthrow of slobodan miloseviae in serbia s so called octoberrevolution four years ago was briefly celebrated by the internationalpress and it also received extensive attention from scholars such ac counts focused on why and how the opposition won the september 2000presidential ballot as well as on the organizing of the ensuing uprising but the link between the regime s disregard for the election results andthe subsequent mass mobilization has not been adequately explained", "title_raw": "STOLEN ELECTIONS: THE CASE OF THE SERBIAN OCTOBER", "abstract_raw": "he overthrow of Slobodan Miloseviae in Serbia\u2019s so-called OctoberRevolution four years ago was briefly celebrated by the internationalpress, and it also received extensive attention from scholars. Such ac-counts focused on why and how the opposition won the September 2000presidential ballot as well as on the organizing of the ensuing uprising.But the link between the regime\u2019s disregard for the election results andthe subsequent mass mobilization has not been adequately explained." }, { "paper": "2019668364", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2004", "title": "representation and agenda setting", "label": [ "2778680907", "3116431", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2132456586", "802859682" ], "reference": [ "645974420", "1521934078", "1558393125", "1986713131", "2018291456", "2128446039", "2152825437", "2169371330" ], "abstract": "we develop a new approach to the study of representation based on agenda setting and attention allocation we ask the fundamental question do the policy priorities of the public and of the government correspond across time to assess the policy priorities of the mass public we have coded the most important problem data from gallup polls across the postwar period into the policy content categories developed by the policy agendas project baumgartner jones 2002 congressional priorities were assessed by the proportion of total hearings in a given year focusing on those same policy categories also from the agendas project we then conducted similar analyses on public laws and most important laws similarly coded finally we analyzed the spatial structure of public and congressional agendas using the shepard kruskal non metric multidimensional scaling algorithm findings may be summarized as follows first there is an impressive congruence between the priorities of the public and the priorities of congress across time second there is substantial evidence of congruence between the priorities of the public and lawmaking in the national government but the correspondence is attenuated in comparison to agendas third although the priorities of the public and congress are structurally similar the location of issues within the structure differs between congress and the general public the public lumps its evaluation of the nations most important problems into a small number of categories congress splits issues out handling multiple issues simultaneously finally the public tends to focus on a very constrained set of issues but congress juggles many more issues the article has strong implications for the study of positional representation as well because for traditional representation to occur there must be correspondence between the issue priorities of the public and the government we find substantial evidence for such attention congruence here", "title_raw": "Representation and agenda-setting", "abstract_raw": "We develop a new approach to the study of representation based on agenda setting and attention allocation. We ask the fundamental question: do the policy priorities of the public and of the government correspond across time? To assess the policy priorities of the mass public, we have coded the Most Important Problem data from Gallup polls across the postwar period into the policy content categories developed by the Policy Agendas Project (Baumgartner & Jones, 2002). Congressional priorities were assessed by the proportion of total hearings in a given year focusing on those same policy categories, also from the Agendas Project. We then conducted similar analyses on public laws and most important laws, similarly coded. Finally we analyzed the spatial structure of public and congressional agendas using the Shepard-Kruskal non-metric multidimensional scaling algorithm. Findings may be summarized as follows:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFirst, there is an impressive congruence between the priorities of the public and the priorities of Congress across time. Second, there is substantial evidence of congruence between the priorities of the public and lawmaking in the national government, but the correspondence is attenuated in comparison to agendas. Third, although the priorities of the public and Congress are structurally similar, the location of issues within the structure differs between Congress and the general public. The public \u201clumps\u201d its evaluation of the nations most important problems into a small number of categories. Congress \u201csplits\u201d issues out, handling multiple issues simultaneously. Finally, the public tends to focus on a very constrained set of issues, but Congress juggles many more issues.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe article has strong implications for the study of positional representation as well, because for traditional representation to occur, there must be correspondence between the issue-priorities of the public and the government. We find substantial evidence for such attention congruence here." }, { "paper": "441055604", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2004", "title": "the failure of national rural policy institutions and interests", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2698250436" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Failure of National Rural Policy: Institutions and Interests", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1964996368", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2004", "title": "what s all the shouting about", "label": [ "137403100", "2780617971", "53844881", "521449643", "2777593458" ], "author": [ "2096636529", "225620983" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "not long ago it was fashionable to argue that modernization would reduce if not eliminate ethnic hatred 1 instead nationalism appears stronger than ever and ethnic conflict remains a major glo", "title_raw": "What's all the shouting about?", "abstract_raw": "Not long ago it was fashionable to argue that modernization would reduce, if not eliminate, ethnic hatred. 1 Instead, nationalism appears stronger than ever, and ethnic conflict remains a major glo..." }, { "paper": "628528393", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2004", "title": "proclaiming revolution bolivia in comparative perspective", "label": [ "191935318", "47152248", "2779220025", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2240306456", "701509043", "2801763621" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in 1952 bolivia was transformed by revolution with the army destroyed from only a few days of fighting workers and peasants took up arms to claim the country as their own overnight the electorate expanded five fold industries were turned over to worker organisations to manage and land was distributed to peasant communities education became universal and free for the first time in the country s history this volume the result of a conference organised by the david rockefeller center for latin american studies of harvard university and the institute for latin american studies at the university of london presents new interpretations of the causes of the events of 1952 and compares them to the great social transformations that occurred in france mexico russia china and cuba it also considers the consequences of the revolution by examining the political social and economic development of the country as well as adding important insights to the analysis of revolution and the understanding of this fascinating andean country", "title_raw": "Proclaiming revolution : Bolivia in comparative perspective", "abstract_raw": "In 1952 Bolivia was transformed by revolution. With the army destroyed from only a few days of fighting, workers and peasants took up arms to claim the country as their own. Overnight, the electorate expanded five-fold. Industries were turned over to worker organisations to manage, and land was distributed to peasant communities. Education became universal and free for the first time in the country's history. This volume, the result of a conference organised by the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies of Harvard University and the Institute for Latin American Studies at the University of London, presents new interpretations of the causes of the events of 1952 and compares them to the great social transformations that occurred in France, Mexico, Russia, China and Cuba. It also considers the consequences of the revolution by examining the political, social and economic development of the country, as well as adding important insights to the analysis of revolution and the understanding of this fascinating Andean country." }, { "paper": "2083088004", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2004", "title": "why parties fail to learn electoral defeat selective perception and british party politics", "label": [ "2779220109", "59742305", "94625758", "134698397", "199539241", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2107797968", "15358232" ], "reference": [ "2021652752", "2028211630", "2080542487", "2151926296", "2166746105" ], "abstract": "multiple factors can be offered to explain the labour victory and conservative defeat in the 2001 british general election here we pursue an explanation based on the idea that rational vote seeking politicians may fail to learn from electoral defeat due to selective perception in part i we outline the theoretical premises and in part ii consider how this framework can be applied to the context of british elections evidence is drawn from the 2001 british representation study1 brs involving 1000 parliamentary candidates and mps comparisons are made with the british election study bes we focus on two measures of ideological change in british politics namely tax cuts versus spending and european integration versus independence the evidence is laid out in part iii the analysis supports three main conclusions i on the key issues of public spending and europe labour politicians remained close to the centre ground of westminster party politics along with the liberal democrats with the national", "title_raw": "Why Parties Fail to Learn: Electoral Defeat, Selective Perception and British Party Politics", "abstract_raw": "Multiple factors can be offered to explain the Labour victory, and Conservative defeat, in the 2001 British general election. Here we pursue an explanation based on the idea that rational vote-seeking politicians may fail to learn from electoral defeat due to selective perception. In Part I we outline the theoretical premises and in Part II consider how this framework can be applied to the context of British elections. Evidence is drawn from the 2001 British Representation Study1 (BRS) involving 1000 parliamentary candidates and MPs. Comparisons are made with the British Election Study (BES). We focus on two measures of ideological change in British politics, namely tax cuts versus spending and European integration versus independence. The evidence is laid out in Part III. The analysis supports three main conclusions: (i) on the key issues of public spending and Europe, Labour politicians remained close to the centre ground of Westminster party politics, along with the Liberal Democrats, with the National..." }, { "paper": "3048417527", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2004", "title": "the united nations high commission for human rights the challenges of international protection book", "label": [ "2776034101", "199539241", "169437150" ], "author": [ "3043210893", "1964352144" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The United Nations High Commission for Human Rights: The Challenges of International Protection (Book)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2019401599", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "u s science policy risky business", "label": [ "2780328347", "3116431", "203566152", "188888794" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "U.S. science policy. Risky business.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3121612467", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2004", "title": "international law and us courts the myth of lohengrin revisited", "label": [ "2776154427", "55447825", "2775946814", "533735693", "18650270", "126053111", "8705443", "70999106" ], "author": [ "2122870787" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this paper attempts to shed light on the current attitude of us courts towards international law regardless of the formal instruments of incorporation the extent to which international law is used by courts within the formal constraints of constitutional provisions largely depends on the legal culture prevailing at any particular time this sketchy and selective overview of the attitude of us courts unveils a tendency to frame international law within the general framework of the constitutional law discourse the main tenets of american constitutionalism such as separation of powers and federalism often shape the posture of courts in determining issues bearing on international law the different nature of international law and its potentially pervasive effects on domestic law are frequently a cause for us courts to reject its proper implementation at the base of this attitude which seems to be the prevailing one at the moment lies the perception that the fundamental postulates of the domestic legal order as enshrined in the constitution cannot be altered by a body of law which does not exclusively emanate from the national societal body", "title_raw": "International Law and US Courts: The Myth of Lohengrin Revisited", "abstract_raw": "This paper attempts to shed light on the current attitude of US courts towards international law. Regardless of the formal instruments of incorporation, the extent to which international law is used by courts within the formal constraints of constitutional provisions largely depends on the legal culture prevailing at any particular time. This sketchy and selective overview of the attitude of US courts unveils a tendency to frame international law within the general framework of the constitutional law discourse. The main tenets of American constitutionalism such as separation of powers and federalism often shape the posture of courts in determining issues bearing on international law. The different nature of international law and its potentially pervasive effects on domestic law are frequently a cause for US courts to reject its proper implementation. At the base of this attitude, which seems to be the prevailing one at the moment, lies the perception that the fundamental postulates of the domestic legal order, as enshrined in the Constitution, cannot be altered by a body of law which does not exclusively emanate from the national societal body." }, { "paper": "2371570517", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2004", "title": "an analysis on the present situation problems and resolutins of the quality bulding of teachers in colleges and universities", "label": [ "191935318", "94625758", "120912362", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2437260239" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the survey shows that the teachers quality building of colleges and universities in china have made great achievements but some problems which can t be ignored still exist the institute of higher education should establish scientific development viewpoint deepen the understanding structure the system of teacher continuing education by setting up the policy mechanism of the quality building of teachers improve teacher s ideological and political work enhance faithfully the quality bulding of teachers", "title_raw": "An analysis on the present situation, problems and resolutins of the quality bulding of teachers in colleges and universities", "abstract_raw": "The survey shows that the teachers' quality building of colleges and universities in China have made great achievements, but some problems which can't be ignored still exist. The institute of higher education should establish scientific development viewpoint, deepen the understanding, structure the system of teacher continuing education by setting up the policy mechanism of the quality building of teachers, improve teacher's ideological and political work , enhance faithfully the quality bulding of teachers." }, { "paper": "2133254607", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2004", "title": "race and regionalism in the politics of taxation in brazil and south africa", "label": [ "94625758", "549326192", "68151297", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2706080402" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "race and regionalism in the politics of taxation in brazil and south africa by evan s lieberman new york cambridge university press 2003 344p 75 00 cloth 24 99 paper evan lieberman has produced a first rate work of comparative political economy just as importantly he has done so by going boldly and engagingly where so few have gone before into the tax state given how critical the capacity of a state to tax economic elites is to the provision of public goods redistribution and the promotion of development in general it is indeed shocking to realize just how little attention this question has received from political scientists there being as always some notable exceptions lieberman sets out to correct this gap not only by carefully and meticulously defining and measuring different tax states but also by providing a rich historical and comparative account of the rise and consolidation of the two very different tax states of south africa and brazil", "title_raw": "Race and Regionalism in the Politics of Taxation in Brazil and South Africa", "abstract_raw": "Race and Regionalism in the Politics of Taxation in Brazil and South Africa. By Evan S. Lieberman. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 344p. $75.00 cloth, $24.99 paper. Evan Lieberman has produced a first-rate work of comparative political economy. Just as importantly, he has done so by going boldly (and engagingly) where so few have gone before\u2014into the tax state. Given how critical the capacity of a state to tax economic elites is to the provision of public goods, redistribution, and the promotion of development in general, it is indeed shocking to realize just how little attention this question has received from political scientists (there being as always some notable exceptions). Lieberman sets out to correct this gap not only by carefully and meticulously defining and measuring different tax states but also by providing a rich historical and comparative account of the rise and consolidation of the two very different tax states of South Africa and Brazil." }, { "paper": "2051872288", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "brazil needs action rather than words", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "1982643844", "2305089641" ], "reference": [ "2031837240", "2079377779" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Brazil needs action rather than words.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2017665638", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2004", "title": "trends in the policing industry", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2111960176", "2267986529" ], "reference": [ "24136629", "70723057", "138756842", "144744344", "151157839", "170308395", "282277699", "562159977", "582514035", "587553520", "594729599", "598056520", "1490091093", "1502349237", "1509769121", "1554535899", "1566474008", "1583795190", "1970018521", "1972978463", "1990838374", "1996233922", "2007780272", "2013097679", "2016959295", "2026474459", "2027934524", "2028819378", "2032359731", "2038834006", "2046677476", "2062472230", "2063948720", "2067582123", "2070095173", "2086553807", "2091578093", "2091717515", "2106364201", "2109585916", "2119020418", "2125737793", "2132345271", "2139215880", "2140270573", "2145767742", "2146730366", "2256281077", "2277770432", "2307548306", "2319964453", "2331337182", "2335521539", "2414788192", "2486781956", "2584071791", "2591481323", "2595558039", "2601526633", "2786105890", "2796638730", "2798464673", "2801244073", "3021800342", "3122944793", "3125106831", "3125270709" ], "abstract": "fairness and effectiveness in policing the evidencedoes a terrific job of discussing the limited research on trends in the policing industry but what it does not include is perhaps as informative large gaps in the body of research limit our ability to make definitive inferences about how the policing industry is changing these gaps result in part from a lack of systematic standardized longitudinal data collection and analysis on the nature and outputs of police organizations in the united states as a result we know little about basic descriptive features of policing and how these features are changing over time lacking the ability to track even the most basic descriptive trends the police research industry is at even more of a loss in developing careful empirical explanations of these trends this article discusses some of these trends summarizes what we know and what we do not know about them and provides some recommendations for how the police research industry can do a better job of describ", "title_raw": "Trends in the Policing Industry", "abstract_raw": "Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: The Evidencedoes a terrific job of discussing the limited research on trends in the policing industry, but what it does not include is perhaps as informative. Large gaps in the body of research limit our ability to make definitive inferences about how the policing industry is changing. These gaps result in part from a lack of systematic, standardized, longitudinal data collection and analysis on the nature and outputs of police organizations in the United States. As a result, we know little about basic descriptive features of policing and how these features are changing over time. Lacking the ability to track even the most basic descriptive trends, the police research industry is at even more of a loss in developing careful empirical explanations of these trends. This article discusses some of these trends, summarizes what we know and what we do not know about them, and provides some recommendations for how the police research industry can do a better job of describ..." }, { "paper": "1576757646", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "cadarache more than just a candidate site", "label": [ "3116431", "199776023", "148834064" ], "author": [ "1974920718" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "itercambridge u k government ministers from the 25 european union countries declared last week that they want to keep negotiating with the other five partners in the international effort to build a 6 billion fusion reactor but the one thing that is not up for negotiation they say is the site", "title_raw": "Cadarache: More Than Just a Candidate Site", "abstract_raw": "ITERCAMBRIDGE, U.K.-- Government ministers from the 25 European Union countries declared last week that they want to keep negotiating with the other five partners in the international effort to build a $6 billion fusion reactor. But the one thing that is not up for negotiation, they say, is the site." }, { "paper": "23667202", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "noaa consolidation urged", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2343143953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "NOAA Consolidation Urged", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2032779039", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2004", "title": "government responsibility and electoral accountability in federations", "label": [ "533735693", "3116431", "148834064", "520049643", "177324205", "131364728", "2776007630", "2781046721" ], "author": [ "2168247558" ], "reference": [ "2063104451", "2081714882" ], "abstract": "because federalism can be a threat to accountability a model of voting behavior infederations must accommodate voters attributions of responsibility to each order of governmentfor policy outcomes this study uses a panel survey of canadians in both federal and provincial elections to ask whether voters are able to hold governments accountable in afederal context voters may ignore issues where responsibility is unclear they may reward or punish both the federal and provincial governments to the same degree or the confusion ofjurisdiction may sour them on the government or even the political system canadians who blamed both governments for problems in health care did not take this judgment to their voting decision in either the 2000federal election or the 2001 elections in alberta and british columbia while those who could identify primary responsibility did so federalism and intergovernmental policymaking may reduce voters ability to hold their governments accountable if the practice of federalism departs from a watertight compartments model it can complicate voters efforts to hold governments accountable at a minimum accountability involves principals voters removing their agents governors if the principals judge the effects of the agents actions to be unsatisfactory however when voters in a federal system evaluate government performance voting retrospectively they must assess the degree of responsibility each order of government bears for a given policy outcome this is not simple given the myriad intergovernmental arrangements now common in federations adding to the confusion governments complicate matters deliberately passing the buck and stealing credit 2 there is little impartial expert opinion that might guide voters in finding the truth amidst intergovernmental bickering or even intergovernmental cooperation under these conditions voters who see something amiss may find it difficult to translate that judgment into an effective voting decision this concern is not specific to federalism it resonates with both the voluminous american literature on divided government and with a growing author s note the author gratefully acknowledges the support of the social sciences and humanities research council of canada in the form of a post doctoral fellowship and a grant under the federalism and federations program and of the co investigator on this study matthew mendelsohn previous versions of this research were presented at the annual meetings of the canadian and american political science associations in 2002 i thank chris kam and kathy harrison for comments on a previous version of this article", "title_raw": "Government Responsibility and Electoral Accountability in Federations", "abstract_raw": "Because federalism can be a threat to accountability, a model of voting behavior infederations must accommodate voters' attributions of responsibility to each order of governmentfor policy outcomes. This study uses a panel survey of Canadians in both federal and provincial elections to ask whether voters are able to hold governments accountable in afederal context. Voters may ignore issues where responsibility is unclear, they may reward or punish both the federal and provincial governments to the same degree, or the confusion ofjurisdiction may sour them on the government or even the political system. Canadians who blamed both governments for problems in health care did not take this judgment to their voting decision in either the 2000federal election or the 2001 elections in Alberta and British Columbia, while those who could identify primary responsibility did so. Federalism and intergovernmental policymaking may reduce voters' ability to hold their governments accountable. If the practice of federalism departs from a \"watertight compartments\" model it can complicate voters' efforts to hold governments accountable. At a minimum, accountability involves principals (voters) removing their agents (governors) if the principals judge the effects of the agents' actions to be unsatisfactory. However, when voters in a federal system evaluate government performance, voting \"retrospectively,\"' they must assess the degree of responsibility each order of government bears for a given policy outcome. This is not simple, given the myriad intergovernmental arrangements now common in federations. Adding to the confusion, governments complicate matters deliberately, passing the buck and stealing credit.2 There is little impartial, expert opinion that might guide voters in finding the truth amidst intergovernmental bickering or even intergovernmental cooperation. Under these conditions, voters who see something amiss may find it difficult to translate that judgment into an effective voting decision. This concern is not specific to federalism. It resonates with both the voluminous American literature on divided government and with a growing AUTHOR'S NOTE: The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, in the form of a post-doctoral fellowship and a grant under the Federalism and Federations program, and of the co-investigator on this study, Matthew Mendelsohn. Previous versions of this research were presented at the annual meetings of the Canadian and American Political Science Associations in 2002. I thank Chris Kam and Kathy Harrison for comments on a previous version of this article." }, { "paper": "1967746901", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2004", "title": "the general election in new zealand july 2002", "label": [ "59742305", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2210049872" ], "reference": [ "1985771128" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The general election in New Zealand, July 2002", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2047844301", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2004", "title": "alternatives to hitler german resistance under the third reich by hans mommsen", "label": [ "121578661", "2781289944" ], "author": [ "437216931" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Alternatives to Hitler: German Resistance Under the Third Reich by Hans Mommsen", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2142818334", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2004", "title": "faculty opinion on shared authority a nigerian national survey", "label": [ "120912362", "10676486", "61521584", "2777595002", "2778883038" ], "author": [ "2498111798", "2300471896" ], "reference": [ "191567020", "632917577", "659404879", "1736209534", "1993412715", "1997808547", "2006468167", "2030663333", "2047671856", "2060762304", "2092602291", "2121409546", "2955180970" ], "abstract": "the purpose of this paper is to 1 describe the characteristics and governance structure of higher education at the federal universities in nigeria and 2 examine a how academic decisions are made b the level of academic staff participation in university governance and c the extent to which academic staff is consulted on key personnel issues the results of the investigation revealed that a academic staff members believed they are consulted on academic matters through their representatives in the faculty senate b their participation in decisions related to non academic matters is very limited c academic deci sions related to admissions criteria and accreditation standards are made by external bodies d administrators make administrative decisions with very limited input from academic staff e compared to lower ranked academic staff members higher ranked academic staff members perceived the governance process to be very effective and f academic staff members are dissatisfied with the general working conditions and the governance process overall the results of this study strongly suggest the need for improvement in the consultation process and more involvement of the academic staff in other governance issues especially the selection and appointment of administrators including vice chancellors", "title_raw": "Faculty Opinion on Shared Authority: A Nigerian National Survey.", "abstract_raw": "The purpose of this paper is to (1) describe the characteristics and governance structure of higher education at the Federal Universities in Nigeria, and (2) examine (a) how academic decisions are made, (b) the level of academic staff participation in university governance, and (c) the extent to which academic staff is consulted on key personnel issues. The results of the investigation revealed that (a) academic staff members believed they are consulted on academic matters through their representatives in the faculty senate, (b) their participation in decisions related to non-academic matters is very limited, (c) academic deci- sions related to admissions criteria and accreditation standards are made by external bodies, (d) administrators make administrative decisions with very limited input from academic staff (e) compared to lower ranked academic staff members, higher ranked academic staff members perceived the governance process to be very effective, and (f) academic staff members are dissatisfied with the general working conditions and the governance process. Overall, the results of this study strongly suggest the need for improvement in the consultation process, and more involvement of the academic staff in other governance issues especially the selection and appointment of administrators, including Vice-Chancellors." }, { "paper": "1980479577", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2004", "title": "ethnic unmixing and civil war", "label": [ "137403100", "203715995", "199539241", "81631423", "528161332" ], "author": [ "54438461" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "chaim kaufmann s possible and impossible solutions to ethnic civil wars 1 makes the strongest case available that the best cure for ethnic war is viable territorial defense through partition or s", "title_raw": "Ethnic Unmixing and Civil War", "abstract_raw": "Chaim Kaufmann's \u201cPossible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars\u201d 1 makes the strongest case available that the best cure for ethnic war is viable territorial defense through partition or s..." }, { "paper": "2009026730", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2004", "title": "russian soldiers blamed for civilian rape in chechnya", "label": [ "169437150", "544040105", "2780491143", "2781164112" ], "author": [ "2241275891" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "russian soldiers blamed for civilian rape in chechnya rape is being used as a means of torture in the chechen conflict according to a new report that places much of the blame on russian soldiers the medical foundation for the care of victims of torture gathered information for its study from former residents of chechnya who sought asylum in the uk it has long been suspected that russian forces and separatist rebels in the breakaway region use rape as a means of brutalising the civilian population but little data has been collected because of the stigma associated with being a victim russian federal troops have been locked in battle with pro independence rebels in the caucasian republic for much of the past decade causing widespread hardship to non combatants the medical foundation a human rights organisation dedicated to providing care and rehabilitation to survivors of torture and organised violence interviewed 35 people who fled chechnya and were provided with medical or therapeutic services at its centre in london between december 1999 and january 2004 it found that 17 of them 16 women and one man had been subjected to sexual torture and 30 were victims of physical and psychological torture the foundation concluded that although the survey sample was small their experiences are broadly typical of a wider pattern of gross abuse shockingly in 85 of cases the perpetrators of the torture were russian soldiers or russian police the lawenforcement bodies tasked with bringing stability to the region in the remaining 15 of cases chechen fighters were to blame this torture was largely used as intimidation to give a general lesson to the chechen population not to oppose the russians said sherman carroll director of public affairs at the medical foundation it is always shocking when the forces of law and order are themselves the greatest violators human rights groups say russian troops frequently torture kidnap and sometimes murder civilians during brutal zachistki cleansing operations designed to flush out rebel fighters so great is the stigma attached to rape that many chechen women commit suicide rather than live with the burden of their shame carroll said the advantage of the medical foundation s report was that victims who moved to the uk were able to disclose their torture with less fear of rejection from families and friends or of retaliation from the perpetrators besides documenting abuses the foundation provides clinical services to victims of torture including counselling individual and group psychotherapy psychiatry clinical psychology physiotherapy and specialist child and family therapies", "title_raw": "Russian soldiers blamed for civilian rape in Chechnya.", "abstract_raw": "Russian soldiers blamed for civilian rape in Chechnya Rape is being used as a means of torture in the Chechen conflict, according to a new report that places much of the blame on Russian soldiers. The Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture gathered information for its study from former residents of Chechnya who sought asylum in the UK. It has long been suspected that Russian forces and separatist rebels in the breakaway region use rape as a means of brutalising the civilian population, but little data has been collected because of the stigma associated with being a victim. Russian federal troops have been locked in battle with pro-independence rebels in the Caucasian republic for much of the past decade, causing widespread hardship to non-combatants. The Medical Foundation\u2014a human rights organisation dedicated to providing care and rehabilitation to survivors of torture and organised violence\u2014interviewed 35 people who fled Chechnya and were provided with medical or therapeutic services at its centre in London between December, 1999, and January, 2004. It found that 17 of them (16 women and one man) had been subjected to sexual torture, and 30 were victims of physical and psychological torture. The foundation concluded that, although the survey sample was small, \u201ctheir experiences are broadly typical of a wider pattern of gross abuse\u201d. Shockingly, in 85% of cases the perpetrators of the torture were Russian soldiers or Russian police, the lawenforcement bodies tasked with bringing stability to the region. In the remaining 15% of cases, Chechen fighters were to blame. \u201cThis torture was largely used as intimidation to give a general lesson to the Chechen population not to oppose the Russians\u201d, said Sherman Carroll, director of public affairs at the Medical Foundation. \u201cIt is always shocking when the forces of law and order are themselves the greatest violators.\u201d Human rights groups say Russian troops frequently torture, kidnap, and sometimes murder civilians during brutal \u201czachistki\u201d (cleansing operations) designed to flush out rebel fighters. So great is the stigma attached to rape, that many Chechen women commit suicide rather than live with the burden of their shame. Carroll said the advantage of the Medical Foundation\u2019s report was that victims who moved to the UK were able to disclose their torture with less fear of rejection from families and friends, or of retaliation from the perpetrators. Besides documenting abuses, the foundation provides clinical services to victims of torture, including counselling, individual and group psychotherapy, psychiatry, clinical psychology, physiotherapy, and specialist child and family therapies." }, { "paper": "2001214859", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "aid agencies predict victory for hiv unless cash crisis is solved", "label": [ "2779220109" ], "author": [ "40770122" ], "reference": [ "1497212514", "2003247430", "2010275891", "2090955327" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Aid agencies predict victory for HIV unless cash crisis is solved", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2063221137", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "repeal of embryo law urged after child s cure", "label": [ "2780808987", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2153859718" ], "reference": [ "1552460118", "1664615667" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Repeal of embryo law urged after child's cure", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2129652640", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2004", "title": "william v o brien", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2173197036", "2094311436" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "william v o brien professor of government emeritus at georgetown university died on july 8 2003 at his home in washington of head injuries suffered in a fall", "title_raw": "William V. O'Brien", "abstract_raw": "William V. O'Brien, Professor of Government Emeritus at Georgetown University, died on July 8, 2003, at his home in Washington of head injuries suffered in a fall." }, { "paper": "273217569", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2004", "title": "the penalty is death u s newspaper coverage of women s executions", "label": [ "201280247" ], "author": [ "2484014315" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Penalty Is Death: U.S. Newspaper Coverage of Women's Executions", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2073055442", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2004", "title": "the voluntary city choice community and civil society edited by david t beito peter gordon and alexander tabarrok university of michigan press the independent institute 2002 462 pp paper 26 95", "label": [ "513891491" ], "author": [ "2511229840" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Voluntary City: Choice, Community, and Civil Society.Edited by David T. Beito, Peter Gordon, and Alexander Tabarrok. University of Michigan Press/The Independent Institute, 2002. 462 pp. Paper, $26.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1629076145", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "neuroscientists learn lesson in diplomacy", "label": [ "3116431", "557252395", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "scientific meetingsabout a dozen national institutes of health scientists almost missed a major international meeting last month because of continuing efforts by the bush administration to curb foreign travel", "title_raw": "Neuroscientists Learn Lesson in Diplomacy", "abstract_raw": "SCIENTIFIC MEETINGSAbout a dozen National Institutes of Health scientists almost missed a major international meeting last month because of continuing efforts by the Bush Administration to curb foreign travel." }, { "paper": "1975366873", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2004", "title": "the influence of the curriculum organization on study progress in higher education", "label": [ "120912362", "47177190" ], "author": [ "2125298353" ], "reference": [ "82256725", "127749023", "128222242", "141639479", "188959462", "611352799", "1488018042", "1492286862", "1505203270", "1511346407", "1524675034", "1573865396", "1600512563", "1602347942", "1603721000", "1833282361", "1958748094", "1972677302", "1988279389", "2002495756", "2007749970", "2007936520", "2008490766", "2017864915", "2040555123", "2049742897", "2121224052", "2139804199", "2143170158", "2145466940", "2147368814", "2162897826", "2487597847", "2497800621", "2506496843", "2521332575", "2575009299", "2583466354", "2584119288", "2808136648", "2976120215", "3022732902" ], "abstract": "during the last decade the demand foruniversity education in the netherlands hasgrown and until two years ago there was stilla yearly increase in the number of studentsattending university however not all of thesestudents graduate and those that do often takelonger than the programmed four years to finishtheir studies the policy of the minister ofeducation aims to increase the rate ofcompletion and to reduce the time needed tograduate within the last decade far moreattention has been paid to research as well asthe policy on factors within the curriculumorganization this is in stark contrast to thesixties and seventies when student relatedfactors were more prominent this articlefocuses on the relationship between curriculumorganization and academic success in the firstyear of university education in this researchacademic success is defined as the number ofstudents succeeding for the first yearexamination and can be seen as fraction withenrolling students as the numerator and students that passed the first year examinationwithin one year as the denominator weinvestigated the academic success of fivegroups of students enrolment years 1987 1991 within six different departments at theuniversity of groningen the netherlands aspects of curriculum organization thatcontributed positively to academic success werefor example decreasing the study load byspreading exams and programming fewer parallelcourses whereas it was better not to spreadre tests over the whole year", "title_raw": "The influence of the curriculum organization on study progress in higher education", "abstract_raw": "During the last decade the demand foruniversity education in the Netherlands hasgrown, and until two years ago there was stilla yearly increase in the number of studentsattending university. However, not all of thesestudents graduate and those that do often takelonger than the programmed four years to finishtheir studies. The policy of the Minister ofEducation aims to increase the rate ofcompletion and to reduce the time needed tograduate. Within the last decade far moreattention has been paid to research as well asthe policy on factors within the curriculumorganization. This is in stark contrast to thesixties and seventies, when student-relatedfactors were more prominent. This articlefocuses on the relationship between curriculumorganization and academic success in the firstyear of university education. In this researchacademic success is defined as the number ofstudents succeeding for the first-yearexamination and can be seen as fraction, withenrolling students as the numerator and students that passed the first-year examinationwithin one year as the denominator. Weinvestigated the academic success of fivegroups of students (enrolment years 1987\u20131991)within six different departments at theUniversity of Groningen, the Netherlands.Aspects of curriculum organization thatcontributed positively to academic success werefor example, decreasing the study load byspreading exams and programming fewer parallelcourses, whereas it was better not to spreadre-tests over the whole year." }, { "paper": "2604574837", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "new year s wishes all i want for 2005 is", "label": [ "199539241", "70036468", "203133693" ], "author": [ "2079014910" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "students scholars and at least one nobel prizewinner have had trouble getting into the united states this year thanks to immigration rules that have grown ever tighter since the terrorist attacks of 11 september 2001 zhores alferov who won the 2000 nobel prize in physics for his work on semiconductors stormed out of the us consulate in st petersburg russia this september without his visa after being grilled about the nature of his work", "title_raw": "New Year's wishes: All I want for 2005 is...", "abstract_raw": "Students, scholars and at least one Nobel prizewinner have had trouble getting into the United States this year, thanks to immigration rules that have grown ever tighter since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. Zhores Alferov, who won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on semiconductors, stormed out of the US consulate in St Petersburg, Russia, this September without his visa after being grilled about the nature of his work." }, { "paper": "2075026678", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2004", "title": "party knowledge and candidate knowledge constituency campaigning and voting and the 1997 british general election", "label": [ "45184978", "59742305", "3116431", "520049643", "106259374" ], "author": [ "2041199677", "2122378678" ], "reference": [ "199238147", "422945158", "567854890", "573055639", "603900553", "611698124", "645745273", "648955898", "658320226", "659277925", "1479993777", "1496090339", "1503042507", "1515250898", "1547872522", "1600824591", "1982449049", "1982710790", "1983221152", "1993817717", "1998178930", "1999705348", "2004662696", "2008926723", "2013884388", "2016792787", "2023543205", "2023543516", "2043505352", "2047435103", "2047981256", "2051336185", "2067707437", "2074470276", "2082432011", "2091175639", "2102008938", "2103596192", "2108631476", "2132619702", "2140575917", "2144443210", "2154350832", "2156080680", "2157979842", "2158618546", "2430077695", "2560302627", "3125266207", "3126046221", "3127316049" ], "abstract": "abstract there has been a recent resurgence of interest in the electoral impact of constituency campaigns in british general elections much is now known about the electoral consequences of local campaigns on parties constituency vote shares yet more remains to be discovered about the impacts of these local campaigns on voters knowledge of parties and candidates analysis of data from the 1997 british general election demonstrates that the local campaign is associated with improved voter knowledge of who is standing for each party in a constituency which is in its turn associated with an increased chance of voting for the party in the election other things being equal campaign efforts at different scales from the national to the local have different impacts on voters knowledge", "title_raw": "Party knowledge and candidate knowledge: constituency campaigning and voting and the 1997 British General Election", "abstract_raw": "Abstract There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the electoral impact of constituency campaigns in British General Elections. Much is now known about the electoral consequences of local campaigns on parties\u2019 constituency vote shares. Yet more remains to be discovered about the impacts of these local campaigns on voters\u2019 knowledge of parties and candidates. Analysis of data from the 1997 British General Election demonstrates that the local campaign is associated with improved voter knowledge of who is standing for each party in a constituency, which is, in its turn, associated with an increased chance of voting for the party in the election, other things being equal. Campaign efforts at different scales, from the national to the local, have different impacts on voters\u2019 knowledge." }, { "paper": "2064101260", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2004", "title": "breaking silence the case that changed the face of human rights review", "label": [ "169437150", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2004586222" ], "reference": [ "1491169783", "2500014226" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Breaking Silence, The Case That Changed the Face of Human Rights (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "20962697", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2004", "title": "saving iraq from its oil", "label": [ "2780761599", "94625758", "2777113782", "555826173", "2776847301", "2775923278" ], "author": [ "2949552586", "2164696622" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "as the united states the united nations and the iraqi governing council struggle to determine what form iraq s next government should take there is one question that more than any other may prove critical to the country s future how to handle its vast oil wealth oil riches are far from the blessing they are often assumed to be in fact countries often end up poor precisely because they are oil rich oil and mineral wealth can be bad for growth and bad for democracy since they tend to impede the development of institutions and values critical to open market based economies and political freedom civil liberties the rule of law protection of property rights and political participation plenty of examples illustrate what has come to be known as the resource curse thanks to improvements in exploration technology 34 less developed countries now boast significant oil and natural gas resources that constitute at least 30 percent of their total export revenue 1 despite their riches however 12 of these countries annual per capita income remains below 1 500 and up to half of their population lives on less than 1 a day moreover two thirds of the 34 countries are not democratic and of those that are only three ecuador s ao tome and principe and trinidad and tobago score in the top half of freedom house s world ranking of political free dom and even these three states are fragile ecuador now teeters on", "title_raw": "Saving Iraq From Its Oil", "abstract_raw": "AS THE United States, the United Nations, and the Iraqi Governing Council struggle to determine what form Iraq's next government should take, there is one question that, more than any other, may prove critical to the country's future: how to handle its vast oil wealth. Oil riches are far from the blessing they are often assumed to be. In fact, countries often end up poor precisely because they are oil rich. Oil and mineral wealth can be bad for growth and bad for democracy, since they tend to impede the development of institutions and values critical to open, market-based economies and political freedom: civil liberties, the rule of law, protection of property rights, and political participation. Plenty of examples illustrate what has come to be known as the resource curse.\" Thanks to improvements in exploration technology, 34 less-developed countries now boast significant oil and natural gas resources that constitute at least 30 percent of their total export revenue.1 Despite their riches, however, 12 of these countries' annual per capita income remains below $1,500, and up to half of their population lives on less than $1 a day. Moreover, two-thirds of the 34 countries are not democratic, and of those that are, only three (Ecuador, S-ao Tome and Principe, and Trinidad and Tobago) score in the top half of Freedom House's world ranking of political free dom. And even these three states are fragile: Ecuador now teeters on" }, { "paper": "1979672862", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2004", "title": "the palestinian impasse in lebanon the politics of refugee integration", "label": [ "94625758", "199539241", "173145845" ], "author": [ "2318154125" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Palestinian Impasse in Lebanon: The Politics of Refugee Integration", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1591989815", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "state profiles join global review of science", "label": [ "2776398702", "160842062", "151719136" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "national science foundationthis year the national science foundation has added to its biennial compendium of facts about the global scientific enterprise a first ever analysis of how the 50 u s states stack up on some two dozen metrics", "title_raw": "State Profiles Join Global Review of Science", "abstract_raw": "NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONThis year the National Science Foundation has added to its biennial compendium of facts about the global scientific enterprise a first-ever analysis of how the 50 U.S. states stack up on some two dozen metrics." }, { "paper": "2021981533", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2004", "title": "the paradox of warlord democracy a theoretical investigation", "label": [ "17058734", "2780105426", "555826173", "68346564", "2779372758", "79841651", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2268190496" ], "reference": [ "13716053", "51774562", "122421597", "146169055", "186497060", "598768372", "602251822", "647519402", "658537340", "1493871879", "1509383136", "1518359663", "1529229380", "1553120579", "1554426594", "1559861933", "1568871903", "1570666091", "1591338730", "1854252287", "1964178797", "1972708662", "1981658123", "1984813221", "1991393604", "1993091619", "1997011088", "2004838156", "2018896844", "2020051155", "2030469714", "2036203657", "2036518322", "2043989834", "2045672904", "2047656735", "2053040449", "2060948512", "2076202601", "2080069906", "2084414639", "2086838579", "2107992979", "2110667918", "2117257361", "2120473143", "2124825646", "2125353502", "2140409505", "2150148355", "2151780178", "2160232843", "2160551229", "2166372769", "2170114109", "2170532427", "2226935222", "2317953442", "2318320740", "2322609866", "2543004385", "2581174904", "2797235249", "2953485445", "2978285756", "3000685190", "3125341435" ], "abstract": "political theorists from machiavelli to huntington have denied the possibility of popular government arising out of the chaos of civil war instead prescribing an intermediate stage of one man rule by a prince leviathan or a military dictator based on recent empirical evidence of post civil war democratization in el salvador mozambique and elsewhere i show that democracy can arise directly from anarchy predatory warring factions choose the citizenry and democratic procedures over a leviathan when 1 their economic interests depend on productive investment by the citizens 2 citizens political preferences ensure that power allocation will be less biased under democracy than under a leviathan and 3 there is an external agency e g the united nations that mediates and supervises joint disarmament and state building ultimately i discuss the implications of this argument for the basic intuitions of classical political theory and contemporary social theory regarding democratization and authoritarianism", "title_raw": "The Paradox of \"Warlord\" Democracy: A Theoretical Investigation", "abstract_raw": "Political theorists from Machiavelli to Huntington have denied the possibility of popular government arising out of the chaos of civil war, instead prescribing an intermediate stage of one-man rule by a Prince, Leviathan, or a military dictator. Based on recent empirical evidence of post-civil war democratization in El Salvador, Mozambique, and elsewhere, I show that democracy can arise directly from anarchy. Predatory warring factions choose the citizenry and democratic procedures over a Leviathan when (1) their economic interests depend on productive investment by the citizens, (2) citizens' political preferences ensure that power allocation will be less biased under democracy than under a Leviathan, and (3) there is an external agency (e.g., the United Nations) that mediates and supervises joint disarmament and state-building. Ultimately, I discuss the implications of this argument for the basic intuitions of classical political theory and contemporary social theory regarding democratization and authoritarianism." }, { "paper": "2053569502", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2004", "title": "institutional design versus reputational effects on bureaucratic performance evidence from u s government macroeconomic and fiscal projections", "label": [ "51575053", "3116431", "148834064", "20429076", "94625758", "123587114" ], "author": [ "2024015476", "2127364516" ], "reference": [ "172802107", "569983118", "580798279", "633868775", "1480028409", "1482388345", "1484936700", "1493329463", "1495705901", "1501189738", "1507259579", "1510323063", "1512085948", "1536060341", "1568447185", "1578878714", "1583379101", "1593208101", "1804886112", "1967030322", "1975719671", "1977168372", "1981676017", "1989549931", "1998010011", "2001571321", "2003827198", "2005895378", "2016322304", "2027041332", "2028580568", "2034645929", "2037382985", "2045706006", "2049910379", "2056441034", "2062547402", "2074361560", "2078750255", "2079839213", "2085485143", "2087345776", "2089013935", "2093124124", "2098508984", "2098800470", "2103274165", "2114412976", "2117074098", "2125601598", "2128472074", "2154338272", "2157373661", "2170498304", "2251838567", "2316731658", "2321939094", "2324908187", "2325281918", "2334351089", "2334715139", "2798699033", "2915144829", "3023347691", "3121352337", "3125696988", "3125780895", "3138478834" ], "abstract": "institutional scholars often presume that the selection of a particular structural design necessarily shapes resulting policy outputs and outcomes this phenomenon is an inherently political choice yet we know little about its consequences regarding bureaucratic performance in a democracy in this study we examine whether the quality of agency outputs varies in relation to its institutional design we empirically investigate this issue by examining the quality of current year macroeconomic and fiscal projections generated by both presidential council of economic advisers and office of management and budget and congressional congressional budget office support agencies as well as an independent regulatory commission federal reserve our statistical results uncover trivial cross agency differences regarding bias and accuracy contained in this type of policy information while varying degrees of political insulation might affect the durability of administrative agencies ex post our empirical evidence rejects the politics of structural design thesis for short termoriented policy analysis specifically bureaucratic task outputs are generally unaffected in an ex ante fashion by the extent to which an agency s institutional structure is insulated from political influence our empirical evidence suggests that these particular agencies concern with reputational considerations are fairly homogeneous and thus outweigh the varying political pressures that they confront attributable to the institutional structure that they operate under is a public bureau s performance hardwired by the structural design choice made by politicians the answer to this question is of utmost importance to those interested in the nexus between democratic accountability and the administrative state because it tells us not only whether politicians are able to exert control over specialized experts in the bureaucracy a previous version of this article was prepared for delivery at the 2003 public choice society meetings nashville tenn march 21 23 2003 we thank david lewis florenz plassman and the anonymous jpart reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this article address correspondence to george a krause at george krause sc edu doi 10 1093 jopart mui038 advance access publication on march 2 2005 a the author 2005 published by oxford university press on behalf of the journal of public administration research and theory inc all rights reserved for permissions please e mail journals permissions oupjournals org jpart 15 281 306", "title_raw": "Institutional Design versus Reputational Effects on Bureaucratic Performance: Evidence from U.S. Government Macroeconomic and Fiscal Projections", "abstract_raw": "Institutional scholars often presume that the selection of a particular structural design necessarily shapes resulting policy outputs and outcomes. This phenomenon is an inherently political choice, yet we know little about its consequences regarding bureaucratic performance in a democracy. In this study, we examine whether the quality of agency outputs varies in relation to its institutional design. We empirically investigate this issue by examining the quality of current-year macroeconomic and fiscal projections generated by both presidential (Council of Economic Advisers and Office of Management and Budget) and congressional (Congressional Budget Office) support agencies, as well as an independent regulatory commission (Federal Reserve). Our statistical results uncover trivial cross-agency differences regarding bias and accuracy contained in this type of policy information. While varying degrees of political insulation might affect the durability of administrative agencies ex post, our empirical evidence rejects the politics of structural design thesis for short-termoriented policy analysis. Specifically, bureaucratic task outputs are generally unaffected in an ex ante fashion by the extent to which an agency\u2019s institutional structure is insulated from political influence. Our empirical evidence suggests that these particular agencies\u2019 concern with reputational considerations are fairly homogeneous and thus outweigh the varying political pressures that they confront attributable to the institutional structure that they operate under. Is a public bureau\u2019s performance \u2018\u2018hardwired\u2019\u2019 by the structural design choice made by politicians? The answer to this question is of utmost importance to those interested in the nexus between democratic accountability and the administrative state because it tells us not only whether politicians are able to exert control over specialized experts in the bureaucracy A previous version of this article was prepared for delivery at the 2003 Public Choice Society Meetings, Nashville, Tenn., March 21\u201323, 2003. We thank David Lewis, Florenz Plassman, and the anonymous JPART reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this article. Address correspondence to George A. Krause at george.krause@sc.edu. doi:10.1093/jopart/mui038 Advance Access publication on March 2, 2005 a The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org. JPART 15:281\u2013306" }, { "paper": "2051469638", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2004", "title": "welfare and the constitution", "label": [ "100243477", "2776154427" ], "author": [ "1868480475" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Welfare and the Constitution", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1919271231", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2004", "title": "pinning a face on the electoral college a survey of the class of 2000", "label": [ "197487636", "2777897930", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2141722578", "2238696206", "2117981041" ], "reference": [ "1594877484" ], "abstract": "chosen for their party service and or their financial contributions beyond this impressionistic understanding a great vacuum of knowledge exists this essay seeks to address the seemingly simple question of who serve as electors although our system has been in place for over 200 years few scholars if any have attempted to systematically answer this question through a mail survey of the 2000 electoral college we provide the first snapshot of the 2000 presidential electors this analysis provides an understanding of who actually selects the president of the united states", "title_raw": "Pinning a Face on the Electoral College: A Survey of the Class of 2000", "abstract_raw": "chosen for their party service and/or their financial contributions. Beyond this impressionistic understanding, a great vacuum of knowledge exists. This essay seeks to address the seemingly simple question of who serve as electors. Although our system has been in place for over 200 years, few scholars (if any) have attempted to systematically answer this question. Through a mail survey of the 2000 Electoral College, we provide the first snapshot of the 2000 presidential electors. This analysis provides an understanding of who actually selects the president of the United States." }, { "paper": "2581181759", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2004", "title": "review of j doling j ford 2003 globalisation and home ownership experiences in eight member states of the european union", "label": [ "2119116" ], "author": [ "3175810846" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "[Review of: J. Doling, J. Ford (2003) Globalisation and home ownership: Experiences in eight member states of the European Union]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2269426665", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2004", "title": "understanding the political culture of hong kong the paradox of activism and depoliticization book review", "label": [ "81307892" ], "author": [ "2105320067" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Understanding the Political Culture of Hong Kong: The Paradox of Activism and Depoliticization [Book review]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2006000568", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2004", "title": "an n of 1 a political scientist in operation iraqi freedom", "label": [ "28968643", "34355311", "2776822914", "199539241", "94625758", "45504901" ], "author": [ "2123191736" ], "reference": [ "1511283308", "1587343639", "2001441241", "2018033824", "2050142193", "2066849305", "2116451878", "2320822544", "2753221422", "2795504231", "2801664911" ], "abstract": "a bunker is an odd place to reconsider a course syllabus especially during a mortar attack in the middle of the night teaching the historical case study method in introductory courses in international relations i often told students that we need history in ir since our theories do not lend themselves to laboratory testing in the future i ll drop that comment since february 2003 i have been serving on active duty in operation iraqi freedom mostly in the sunni triangle wartime service has proved to be something of a laboratory for me and has caused me to reevaluate some of the received wisdom of international relations war has validated some things we teach but it has also rendered problematic some conclusions i held perhaps too comfortably i have been trained by the military to see war with a soldier s eye it has been a strange experience to see it instead through the eyes of a political scientist service in iraq has provided me the opportunity to consider the academic study of politics and war in real time the author wishes to thank dan caldwell deborah larson alan rozzi james q wilson the editors of perspectives on politics anonymous reviewers and the men and women in uniform lost during operation iraqi freedom", "title_raw": "An N of 1: A Political Scientist in Operation Iraqi Freedom", "abstract_raw": "A bunker is an odd place to reconsider a course syllabus, especially during a mortar attack in the middle of the night. Teaching the historical case study method in introductory courses in international relations, I often told students that we need history in IR, since our theories do not lend themselves to laboratory testing. In the future, I'll drop that comment. Since February 2003, I have been serving on active duty in Operation Iraqi Freedom, mostly in the Sunni Triangle. Wartime service has proved to be something of a laboratory for me and has caused me to reevaluate some of the received wisdom of international relations. War has validated some things we teach, but it has also rendered problematic some conclusions I held perhaps too comfortably. I have been trained by the military to see war with a soldier's eye; it has been a strange experience to see it instead through the eyes of a political scientist. Service in Iraq has provided me the opportunity to consider the academic study of politics and war in real time. The author wishes to thank Dan Caldwell, Deborah Larson, Alan Rozzi, James Q. Wilson, the editors of Perspectives on Politics , anonymous reviewers, and the men and women in uniform lost during Operation Iraqi Freedom." }, { "paper": "3013435814", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2004", "title": "daniel moran and arthur waldron editors the people in arms military myth and national mobilization since the french revolution new york cambridge university press 2003 pp xi 268 65 00", "label": [ "156708679" ], "author": [ "2464409796" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Daniel Moran and Arthur Waldron, editors. The People in Arms: Military Myth and National Mobilization since the French Revolution. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2003. Pp. xi, 268. $65.00", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2112813658", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2004", "title": "five years later a re assessment of oregon s vote by mail electoral process", "label": [ "3116431", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2131987216" ], "reference": [ "1498963639", "1967946954", "1970448208", "1975356268", "1989520549", "2025491733", "2030723578", "2033112902", "2051381904", "2082528847", "2086751356", "2104334765", "2113518691", "2169089925", "2320614500", "2335741098", "2512863207", "2522460713" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Five Years Later: A Re-Assessment of Oregon's Vote by Mail Electoral Process", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2576056647", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2004", "title": "review inventing iraqinventing iraq the failure of nation building and a history denied dodgetobynew york columbia university press 2003 xx 260pp us 24 95 cloth isbn 0 231 13166 6", "label": [ "32558149" ], "author": [ "2630668065" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review: Inventing IraqINVENTING IRAQ The Failure of Nation Building and a History Denied DodgeTobyNew York: Columbia University Press, 2003. xx, 260pp, US$24.95 cloth (ISBN 0-231-13166-6)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2084148364", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2004", "title": "review a theory of universal democracy beyond the end of history l ali khan a theory of universal democracy beyond the end of history", "label": [ "555826173", "2778935963" ], "author": [ "2632687314" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review: A Theory of Universal Democracy: Beyond the End of History L. Ali Khan A Theory of Universal Democracy: Beyond the End of History", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2081721260", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2004", "title": "foundation for urban and regional studies report of activities 2005", "label": [ "2779101040", "2778061430", "165786947", "14042566", "191935318", "151719136" ], "author": [ "1991265008" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the foundation for urban and regional studies or furs as it is known is a charity founded to promote research and scholarship in the urban and regional studies field under english law charitable activities are not liable to income tax furs was set up in 1595 and since then has had four main areas of activity it funds studentships research grants and travel grants and holds an international essay competition in collaboration with the international journal of urban and regional research and blackwell publishing of oxford the studentships are awarded competitively each year and are currently worth 8 500 per year they are available to students just starting their studies or to those who have already started for studentships priority is given to applicants from developing countries but for research grants there is no restriction on the country of origin of applicants recent recipients of studentships have been from argentina cameroon chile china india jamaica nepal south africa turkey uruguay and zambia", "title_raw": "Foundation for Urban and Regional Studies: Report of Activities 2005", "abstract_raw": "The Foundation for Urban and Regional Studies (or FURS, as it is known) is a charity founded to promote research and scholarship in the urban and regional studies field. Under English law charitable activities are not liable to income tax. FURS was set up in 1595 and since then has had four main areas of activity. It funds studentships, research grants and travel grants, and holds an international essay competition in collaboration with the International Journal of Urban and Regional Research and Blackwell Publishing of Oxford. The studentships are awarded competitively each year and are currently worth \u00a38,500 per year. They are available to students just starting their studies or to those who have already started. For studentships priority is given to applicants from developing countries but for research grants there is no restriction on the country of origin of applicants. Recent recipients of studentships have been from Argentina, Cameroon, Chile, China, India, Jamaica, Nepal, South Africa, Turkey, Uruguay and Zambia." }, { "paper": "2117036777", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2004", "title": "sri lanka s ethnic conflict at a crossroad between peace and war", "label": [ "94625758", "2776324910", "48798503", "186229450", "2777593458", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2118209510" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in the 1990s the ethnic conflict in sri lanka had acquired the reputation of an orphaned and dirty war hence there was widespread support when in the new millennium norway tried to facilitate a dialogue between the liberation tigers of tamil eelam ltte the main tamil insurgent group and the sri lankan government the peace process led to a ceasefire agreement and six rounds of face to face meetings although progress was understandably slow a political framework that allowed tamil national self determination while simultaneously protecting sri lankan sovereignty and territorial integrity seemed near however by late 2003 early 2004 such optimism lay shattered and a return to the days of warfare seemed a real possibility in this paper i offer an explanation for the onset of peace talks assess its achievements and explore whether the peace process is still salvageable or a return to warfare is more likely to mark the future", "title_raw": "Sri Lanka's ethnic conflict: At a crossroad between peace and war", "abstract_raw": "In the 1990s the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka had acquired the reputation of an orphaned and dirty war. Hence, there was widespread support when in the new millennium Norway tried to facilitate a dialogue between the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), the main Tamil insurgent group, and the Sri Lankan government. The peace process led to a ceasefire agreement and six rounds of face\u2010to\u2010face meetings. Although progress was understandably slow, a political framework that allowed Tamil national self\u2010determination while simultaneously protecting Sri Lankan sovereignty and territorial integrity seemed near. However, by late 2003\u2013early 2004, such optimism lay shattered and a return to the days of warfare seemed a real possibility. In this paper, I offer an explanation for the onset of peace talks, assess its achievements and explore whether the peace process is still salvageable or a return to warfare is more likely to mark the future." }, { "paper": "2096657112", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2004", "title": "the importance of peer mentoring for facilitating professional and personal development", "label": [ "56154687" ], "author": [ "1229274089" ], "reference": [ "1976715028", "2001691152", "2067589470", "2078768266", "2110540233", "2115054644", "2442488053", "2800726289", "3157244483" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Importance of Peer Mentoring for Facilitating Professional and Personal Development", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2518210895", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2004", "title": "making race making powermaking race making power north carolina s road to disfranchisement by reddingkent urbana university of illinois press 2003 180 pp 34 95 cloth isbn 0 252 02808 2 north carolina s road to disfranchisement", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2041874446" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Making Race, Making PowerMaking Race, Making Power: North Carolina's Road to Disfranchisement, by ReddingKent. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003. 180 pp. $34.95 cloth. ISBN: 0-252-02808-2.: North Carolina's Road to Disfranchisement", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2143552737", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2004", "title": "state political culture and welfare reform", "label": [ "3116431", "2777022163", "94625758", "2776398702", "100243477", "81307892" ], "author": [ "2052246189" ], "reference": [ "67306009", "78600125", "111073492", "559977689", "1479851367", "1509356150", "1537356180", "1555599692", "1558393125", "1561197979", "1566936261", "1585234250", "1965806666", "1990705152", "1999530401", "2000684188", "2007738385", "2026069470", "2031645978", "2034748007", "2044658731", "2045396311", "2050693758", "2050895222", "2051146465", "2066888893", "2070411480", "2075861692", "2078646629", "2084045754", "2087992279", "2088888986", "2092133942", "2095932910", "2103272535", "2111194432", "2112451070", "2115765772", "2123274781", "2124786873", "2125475641", "2128654424", "2138364213", "2140231859", "2140489131", "2145049032", "2152899105", "2154340879", "2156846644", "2162675730", "2162939944", "2164916204", "2187802333", "2188017584", "2221194467", "2284237120", "2316856170", "2317400591", "2317736905", "2317824845", "2317947730", "2318218736", "2322070178", "2331122606", "2331545579", "2331912933", "2333438714", "2334675978", "2340602622", "2567990362", "2594645474", "2797644042", "2809553412", "3140462443", "3149953018" ], "abstract": "i investigate the link between the general features of state governments and their ability to reform welfare the best indicator of governments characteristics is elazar s political cultures i define what successful welfare reform means drawing on implementation research and experience my criteria stress process the avoidance of political and administrative problems i then test the link between the elazar cultures and successful reform using recent case studies of state implementation of temporary assistance for needy families elazar s moralistic states perform best and the association holds even controlling for other influences results depend however on how welfare reform is defined", "title_raw": "State Political Culture and Welfare Reform", "abstract_raw": "I investigate the link between the general features of state governments and their ability to reform welfare. The best indicator of governments\u2019 characteristics is Elazar\u2019s political cultures. I define what successful welfare reform means, drawing on implementation research and experience. My criteria stress process, the avoidance of political and administrative problems. I then test the link between the Elazar cultures and successful reform using recent case studies of state implementation of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. Elazar\u2019s \u201cmoralistic\u201d states perform best, and the association holds, even controlling for other influences. Results depend, however, on how welfare reform is defined." }, { "paper": "2065969518", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2004", "title": "the nation state in question", "label": [ "2775910013" ], "author": [ "2146074147" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Nation-State in Question", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1964102470", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2004", "title": "overruling democracy the supreme court vs the american people by jamin b raskin", "label": [ "199539241", "555826173", "2778272461" ], "author": [ "1986308745" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Overruling Democracy: The Supreme Court vs. The American People by Jamin B. Raskin", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2124527393", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2004", "title": "introduction authority migration defining an emerging research agenda", "label": [ "2781046721", "2776051254", "148834064", "67820243", "68346564" ], "author": [ "2115203193", "2107846593" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in every modern political system power is shared to a greater or lesser extent between levels of government these power sharing arrangements are perhaps most explicit in formal federal systems like the united states and canada where federal constitutions define the relative powers of central and subnational governments they may be no less important however in unitary democracies and even authoritarian regimes where central governments require local actors to implement policy on the ground and often delegate significant authority to them indeed in any large and complex modern society effective governance requires some sharing of power between higher levels of government capable of coordinating many disparate actors and interests and lower levels of government capable of responding to local conditions", "title_raw": "Introduction\u2014Authority Migration: Defining an Emerging Research Agenda", "abstract_raw": "In every modern political system, power is shared to a greater or lesser extent between levels of government. These power sharing arrangements are perhaps most explicit in formal federal systems like the United States and Canada, where federal constitutions define the relative powers of central and subnational governments. They may be no less important, however, in unitary democracies and even authoritarian regimes where central governments require local actors to implement policy on the ground and often delegate significant authority to them. Indeed, in any large and complex modern society, effective governance requires some sharing of power between higher levels of government, capable of coordinating many disparate actors and interests, and lower levels of government, capable of responding to local conditions." }, { "paper": "1981593944", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "the virtues of teaching", "label": [ "39549134", "2779760435", "2777239683" ], "author": [ "2653408808" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in their discussion of the management skills required by new faculty preparing to fund and operate a research laboratory t r cech and e bond note that u niversities in the united states and elsewhere hire new faculty based mainly on their research accomplishments and potential managing your own lab editorial 18 june p 1717 1 the word mainly is certainly accurate for teaching prowess is now relegated to the status of a secondary or minor virtue in most institutions of higher learning but along with learning about hiring and managing staff administering budgets getting grants seeking tenure getting collaborations and resolving conflicts wouldn t the new hire also become a better manager through learning how best to combine teaching and research activites in a busy academic schedule this assumes of course that teaching is still a requirement for most academic appointments and that quality in teaching is still regarded as desirable many scholars have remarked on the synergism between teaching and research lest the tradition of teaching in universities be permitted to diminish and lest our academic appointees beome solely efficient managers of research laboratories we should remember that skill in teaching like skill in management can sometimes be enhanced by appropriate experience and training 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 304 5678 1717", "title_raw": "The Virtues of Teaching", "abstract_raw": "In their discussion of the management skills required by new faculty preparing to fund and operate a research laboratory, T. R. Cech and E. Bond note that \u201c[u]niversities in the United States and elsewhere hire new faculty based mainly on their research accomplishments and potential\u201d (\u201cManaging your own lab,\u201d Editorial, 18 June, p. [1717][1]). The word \u201cmainly\u201d is certainly accurate, for teaching prowess is now relegated to the status of a secondary or minor virtue in most institutions of higher learning. But along with learning about \u201chiring and managing staff, administering budgets, getting grants, seeking tenure, getting collaborations, and resolving conflicts,\u201d wouldn't the new hire also become a better manager through learning how best to combine teaching and research activites in a busy academic schedule? This assumes, of course, that teaching is still a requirement for most academic appointments and that quality in teaching is still regarded as desirable.\n\nMany scholars have remarked on the synergism between teaching and research. Lest the tradition of teaching in universities be permitted to diminish, and lest our academic appointees beome solely efficient managers of research laboratories, we should remember that skill in teaching, like skill in management, can sometimes be enhanced by appropriate experience and training.\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.304.5678.1717" }, { "paper": "2578873031", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2004", "title": "transition to democracy in eastern europe and russiatransition to democracy in eastern europe and russia impact on politics economy and culture edited by wejnertbarbara westport ct praeger 2002 369 pp 65 00 cloth isbn 0 275 97234 8 impact on politics economy and culture", "label": [ "94625758", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2986667890" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Transition to Democracy in Eastern Europe and RussiaTransition to Democracy in Eastern Europe and Russia: Impact on Politics, Economy, and Culture, edited by WejnertBarbara. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002. 369 pp. $65.00 cloth. ISBN: 0-275-97234-8.: Impact on Politics, Economy, and Culture", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2334216713", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2004", "title": "borderline interest or identity american and canadian opinion on the north american free trade agreement", "label": [ "3116431", "90924733" ], "author": [ "2678446732" ], "reference": [ "45588772", "191409172", "595429473", "1966820490", "1996483596", "2004443735", "2079860815", "2101892467", "2105431055", "2112825415", "2137662989", "2149364654", "2172274745", "2313585886", "2319335958", "2327435256" ], "abstract": "in quebec city canadian and american grass roots activists recently joined forces in protesting the summit of the americas and the extension of the north american free trade agreement nafta consisting of the united states canada and mexico to a more encompassing free trade area of the americas ftaa symbolically protesters clashed with canadian and american police at the peace bridge linking canada and the u s however despite high profile trade protests in america and canada polls continue to demonstrate a general level of canadian and american public support for the gradual dismantling of regional and global trade barriers", "title_raw": "Borderline Interest or Identity? American and Canadian Opinion on the North American Free Trade Agreement", "abstract_raw": "In Quebec City Canadian and American grass-roots activists recently joined forces in protesting the Summit of the Americas and the extension of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), consisting of the United States, Canada, and Mexico, to a more encompassing Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). Symbolically, protesters clashed with Canadian and American police at the Peace Bridge linking Canada and the U.S. However, despite high profile trade protests in America and Canada, polls continue to demonstrate a general level of Canadian and American public support for the gradual dismantling of regional and global trade barriers." }, { "paper": "2032266422", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2004", "title": "the unrule of law in the making the politics of informal institution building in russia", "label": [ "164429055", "2776847301", "94625758", "3020650785" ], "author": [ "1918118711" ], "reference": [ "152245977", "183747230", "231191993", "372196539", "1496896826", "1499738812", "1534621679", "1591135588", "1769251080", "1963692952", "1967654433", "1967971524", "1972280344", "1981894979", "2000067371", "2007745273", "2017376067", "2024259448", "2033329940", "2039094939", "2040539890", "2047015430", "2052104221", "2053040449", "2057494961", "2062936747", "2064726231", "2066979365", "2077836473", "2080326962", "2088797362", "2090125241", "2095631758", "2136481778", "2141984158", "2151843295", "2161920755", "2166606233", "2168283218", "2297035517", "2320001228", "2329029318", "2332760196", "2478185890", "2490712573", "2542703031", "2582985779", "2592585227", "2799101241", "2975422771", "2990691672", "3121147769", "3122277650", "3124298222", "3133157113", "3151872007" ], "abstract": "informal institutionalisation o donnell 1996 or the prevalence of informal rules and norms over the formal institutions of political regimes merkel croissant 2000 is a typical outcome of various post authoritarian transitions helmke levitsky 2003 including post soviet ones the dominance of informal institutions which create obstacles to the rule of law is a major distinction between russia and other post soviet regimes and most eastern european countries gel man 2003 but what are the origins formation mechanisms and development trends of russia s informal political institutions because answering these questions requires the collective efforts of the international and interdisciplinary academic community this article is focused only on specific aspects the article is divided into four sections first i examine existing structural explanations for the dominance of informal institutions in russian politics second i present a procedural model of informal institutionalisation in emerging political regimes third i analyse the politics of informal institution building in russia using the case of institutions of electoral governance as an example finally the effects of informal institutions on political regime dynamics in russia will be considered", "title_raw": "The unrule of law in the making: The politics of informal institution building in Russia", "abstract_raw": "\u2018INFORMAL INSTITUTIONALISATION\u2019 (O\u2019Donnell, 1996), or the prevalence of informal rules and norms over the formal institutions of political regimes (Merkel & Croissant, 2000), is a typical outcome of various post-authoritarian transitions (Helmke & Levitsky, 2003), including post-Soviet ones. The dominance of informal institutions which create obstacles to the rule of law is a major distinction between Russia (and other post-Soviet regimes) and most Eastern European countries (Gel\u2019man, 2003). But what are the origins, formation mechanisms and development trends of Russia\u2019s informal political institutions? Because answering these questions requires the collective efforts of the international and interdisciplinary academic community, this article is focused only on specific aspects. The article is divided into four sections. First, I examine existing structural explanations for the dominance of informal institutions in Russian politics. Second, I present a procedural model of informal institutionalisation in emerging political regimes. Third, I analyse the politics of informal institution building in Russia, using the case of institutions of electoral governance as an example. Finally, the effects of informal institutions on political regime dynamics in Russia will be considered." }, { "paper": "2087739778", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "transgenic planting approved despite scepticism of uk public", "label": [ "134698397" ], "author": [ "2145820538" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Transgenic planting approved despite scepticism of UK public.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2011150497", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2004", "title": "david c barker rushed to judgment talk radio persuasion and american political behavior new york columbia university press 2002 141 pp 60 00 cloth 19 50 paper", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "1964398035" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "David C. Barker.Rushed to Judgment: Talk Radio, Persuasion, and American Political Behavior. New York: Columbia University Press. 2002. 141 pp. $60.00 (cloth); $19.50 (paper).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2137951785", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2004", "title": "bargaining in the european union and shifts in actors policy positions", "label": [ "79841651", "20701700", "48057960", "2776034101", "46355384" ], "author": [ "2238325763", "16908747", "2136635060" ], "reference": [ "437493783", "574741794", "1506902318", "1527379348", "1572634385", "1602185370", "1964926481", "1972681895", "1986231559", "1987987585", "2013543746", "2048200749", "2063104451", "2075645389", "2151036724", "2151194440", "2165415392", "2316473956", "2322719613", "2502411936", "2504684016", "2507841241", "2635748332" ], "abstract": "although shifts in policy positions are a fundamental feature of the european union eu bargaining process they have not yet been studied systematically this article provides evidence on the extent to which position shifts occur and tests alternative models of the bargaining process that predict such shifts we examine a subset of the deu data set that contains information on shifts in actors positions on issues raised by 28 commission proposals the three bargaining models presented here posit alternative mechanisms that drive actors position shifts during the eu bargaining process our research shows that position shifts occur frequently during the eu bargaining process and these shifts in actors policy positions are best understood in terms of compromise and exchange among actors", "title_raw": "Bargaining In The European Union And Shifts In Actors' Policy Positions", "abstract_raw": "Although shifts in policy positions are a fundamental feature of the European Union (EU) bargaining process they have not yet been studied systematically. This article provides evidence on the extent to which position shifts occur and tests alternative models of the bargaining process that predict such shifts. We examine a subset of the DEU data set that contains information on shifts in actors\u2019 positions on issues raised by 28 Commission proposals. The three bargaining models presented here posit alternative mechanisms that drive actors\u2019 position shifts during the EU bargaining process. Our research shows that position shifts occur frequently during the EU bargaining process and these shifts in actors\u2019 policy positions are best understood in terms of compromise and exchange among actors." }, { "paper": "2098713696", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2004", "title": "collaborative watershed management a view from the grassroots", "label": [ "3116431", "2781188222", "71750763", "29985473", "68062652" ], "author": [ "2034992918" ], "reference": [ "21178646", "1550443206", "1945086211", "1982956093", "1986252301", "1990264030", "1990513740", "1992133409", "2018378619", "2031556825", "2033681410", "2046200547", "2053471255", "2064189635", "2068002333", "2082808961", "2083399686", "2115686342", "2120946983", "2153943092", "2157539614", "2157979842", "2245745177", "2489896565", "2499724107", "3149953018" ], "abstract": "to date research on collaborative watershed management has paid scant attention to the role of grassroots stakeholders who are the people that actually use natural resources this article argues cooperation from grassroots stakeholders is necessary for the success of collaborative management and outlines three theoretical perspectives to explain cooperation the validity of these theoretical perspectives is tested using a survey of farmer participation in the suwannee river partnership in florida the findings suggest farmers perceptions of policy effectiveness are largely driven by economic considerations whereas participation in collaborative management is linked to social capital", "title_raw": "Collaborative Watershed Management: A View from the Grassroots", "abstract_raw": "To date, research on collaborative watershed management has paid scant attention to the role of grassroots stakeholders, who are the people that actually use natural resources. This article argues cooperation from grassroots stakeholders is necessary for the success of collaborative management, and outlines three theoretical perspectives to explain cooperation. The validity of these theoretical perspectives is tested using a survey of farmer participation in the Suwannee River Partnership in Florida. The findings suggest farmers\u2019 perceptions of policy effectiveness are largely driven by economic considerations, whereas participation in collaborative management is linked to social capital." }, { "paper": "2017404707", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "out in the open", "label": [ "199539241", "46355384", "528167355" ], "author": [ "2104119510" ], "reference": [ "1205277263", "2005101692" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Out in the open", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2069452616", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2004", "title": "the end of the post colonial state in africa reflections on changing african political dynamics", "label": [ "2779707719", "186229450", "2777799818", "531593650", "34355311", "94625758", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2169792107" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "examination of the political trajectory of african states since the terminal colonial period suggests that by the 1990s the post colonial label still widely employed was losing its pertinence the term acquired widespread currency not long after independence in acknowledgment of the importation into new states of the practices routines and mentalities of the colonial state these served as a platform for a more ambitious form of political monopoly whose legitimating discourse was developmentalism the colonial state legacy decanted into a patrimonial autocracy which decayed into crisis by the 1980s bringing external and internal pressures for economic and political state reconfiguration but the serious erosion of the stateness of many african polities by the 1990s limited the scope for effective reform and opened the door for a complex web of novel civil conflicts there was also a renewed saliency of informal politics as local societies adapted to diminished state presence and service provision perhaps the post colonial moment has passed at the moment of the grand entry of african states into the world consort of nations in 1960 17 out of 53 achieved sovereignty that year the primary discursive referent for the new polities was post independent from an african nationalist perspective widely shared in the academic community the achievement of independence was a defining historical moment the culmination of an epic struggle incorporating visions of liberation transformation and uplift the independent african state was a newborn polity as new states african polities appeared to shed the colonial chrysalis by subtle metamorphosis over time the routine descriptor for african states became post colonial this semantic shift was not innocent of meaning formal sovereignty and anti colonial struggle gradually became less salient as defining attributes than the colonial origins of the african state more crucially the wholesale importation of the routines practices crawford young is professor emeritus of political science at the university of wisconsinmadison an early version of this paper served as a keynote address for a conference on beyond the post colonial state in central africa organized by the centre of african studies of the university of copenhagen in december 2001", "title_raw": "The end of the post-colonial state in Africa? Reflections on changing African political dynamics", "abstract_raw": "Examination of the political trajectory of African states since the terminal colonial period suggests that, by the 1990s, the 'post-colonial' label still widely employed was losing its pertinence. The term acquired widespread currency not long after independence in acknowledgment of the importation into new states of the practices, routines and mentalities of the colonial state. These served as a platform for a more ambitious form of political monopoly, whose legitimating discourse was developmentalism. The colonial state legacy decanted into a patrimonial autocracy which decayed into crisis by the 1980s, bringing external and internal pressures for economic and political state reconfiguration. But the serious erosion of the stateness of many African polities by the 1990s limited the scope for effective reform and opened the door for a complex web of novel civil conflicts; there was also a renewed saliency of informal politics, as local societies adapted to diminished state presence and service provision. Perhaps the post-colonial moment has passed. AT THE MOMENT OF THE GRAND ENTRY OF AFRICAN STATES into the world consort of nations in 1960 (17 out of 53 achieved sovereignty that year), the primary discursive referent for the new polities was 'post-independent'. From an African nationalist perspective, widely shared in the academic community, the achievement of independence was a defining historical moment, the culmination of an epic struggle. Incorporating visions of liberation, transformation and uplift, the independent African state was a newborn polity. As 'new states', African polities appeared to shed the colonial chrysalis. By subtle metamorphosis, over time the routine descriptor for African states became 'post-colonial'. This semantic shift was not innocent of meaning. Formal sovereignty and anti-colonial struggle gradually became less salient as defining attributes than the colonial origins of the African state; more crucially the wholesale importation of the routines, practices, Crawford Young is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of WisconsinMadison. An early version of this paper served as a keynote address for a conference on 'Beyond the Post-Colonial State in Central Africa?' organized by the Centre of African Studies of the University of Copenhagen in December 2001." }, { "paper": "1515962269", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "nsf warned off smithsonian pact", "label": [ "2780966255" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "responding to objections from an influential senator the national science foundation has suspended plans to let scientists at the smithsonian institution compete equally with academic researchers for nsf grants", "title_raw": "NSF Warned Off Smithsonian Pact", "abstract_raw": "Responding to objections from an influential senator, the National Science Foundation has suspended plans to let scientists at the Smithsonian Institution compete equally with academic researchers for NSF grants." }, { "paper": "2090157192", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2004", "title": "governor reagan his rise to power by lou cannon", "label": [ "199539241", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "82790600" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power by Lou Cannon", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3125543201", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2004", "title": "ethics of the social determinants of health", "label": [ "536738050", "139621336", "39549134", "109986646", "78491826", "47344431" ], "author": [ "2571070015" ], "reference": [ "113385086", "121207634", "431803196", "593818153", "833409625", "1514723213", "1533922560", "1535803599", "1556527355", "1569152523", "1592459213", "1630697727", "1847070751", "1891579134", "2000363534", "2008473571", "2009736266", "2025169886", "2028624374", "2037907140", "2044418793", "2048881466", "2070889093", "2104018747", "2120920884", "2135216369", "2152420595", "2162190691", "2183833640", "2337427139", "2509783088", "2615815540", "2616745499", "2621685773", "2941158348", "3021907865", "3124187449", "3124360305" ], "abstract": "8 11 such efforts have fuelled the debate over the relative contributions of health determinants and how to weight and direct public policies that affect health 12 17 the debate centres on the tension between the need to account for the impact of health determinants outside the health care system social determinants of health and the need to balance health as an objective with other valuable social ends in other policy domains alongside this practical debate exists a parallel debate at the philosophical level 18 23 one that will in many ways inform the policy choices that societies make to improve the health of their populations the implications of theories of justice eg fair and equitable treatment of people for social determinants of health has thus become an important topic of philosophical inquiry although little work has been done in this area 19 21", "title_raw": "Ethics of the social determinants of health", "abstract_raw": "8\u201311 Such efforts have fuelled the debate over the relative contributions of health determinants and how to weight and direct public policies that affect health. 12\u201317 The debate centres on the tension between the need to account for the impact of health determinants outside the health-care system (social determinants of health) and the need to balance health as an objective with other valuable social ends (in other policy domains). Alongside this practical debate exists a parallel debate at the philosophical level; 18\u201323 one that will in many ways inform the policy choices that societies make to improve the health of their populations. The implications of theories of justice (eg, fair and equitable treatment of people) for social determinants of health has thus become an important topic of philosophical inquiry, although little work has been done in this area. 19\u201321" }, { "paper": "2008032411", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2004", "title": "the rule of law in the middle east and the islamic world human rights and the judicial process review", "label": [ "2776847301", "199539241", "169437150", "149209484", "177986884", "42027317", "140280474", "30048959", "86615163" ], "author": [ "2989404438" ], "reference": [ "603392692" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Rule of Law in the Middle East and the Islamic World: Human Rights and the Judicial Process (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2007711959", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2004", "title": "china s techno warriors another view", "label": [ "528167355", "91093795", "158071213", "94625758", "2777257180", "191935318" ], "author": [ "193235120" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "review of chinese techno warriors national security and strategic competition from the nuclear age to the information age by e van f eigenbaum stanford stanford university press 2003 339 pp us 55 00 isbn 0 8047 4601 x china s growing technological capability has become the topic of the day among western officials concerned with the national security and economic competitiveness implications of china s growing prominence the publication of a study which attempts to explain how security and competitiveness have been linked in the evolution of chinese technology policies is therefore quite timely the effort to locate this linkage in the development of an ideology of techno nationalism resonates nicely with perceptions held by many in western capitals of a china with a special passion for the acquisition of dual use technology and a determination to use political means to secure economic advantage the appearance of evan feigenbaum s book which rightly locates china s technological trajectory at the centre of many of the more important questions about the chinese future is thus to be welcomed", "title_raw": "China\u2019s Techno-Warriors, Another View", "abstract_raw": "Review of Chinese Techno-Warriors: National Security and Strategic Competition from the Nuclear Age to the Information Age. By E van F eigenbaum . [Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003. 339 pp. US$ 55.00. ISBN 0-8047-4601-X.] China's growing technological capability has become the topic of the day among Western officials concerned with the national security and economic competitiveness implications of China's growing prominence. The publication of a study which attempts to explain how security and competitiveness have been linked in the evolution of Chinese technology policies is therefore quite timely. The effort to locate this linkage in the development of an ideology of techno-nationalism resonates nicely with perceptions \u2013 held by many in Western capitals \u2013 of a China with a special passion for the acquisition of dual use technology and a determination to use political means to secure economic advantage. The appearance of Evan Feigenbaum's book, which rightly locates China's technological trajectory at the centre of many of the more important questions about the Chinese future, is thus to be welcomed." }, { "paper": "2903850505", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2004", "title": "from primary to general election a forecast of the presidential vote", "label": [ "59742305", "197487636", "45184978", "520049643" ], "author": [ "109299089" ], "reference": [ "2150779982", "2167257715", "2328571143", "2329648039" ], "abstract": "yogi berra might have said it the best predictor of an election is well an election not a trial heat conducted by opinion polls but a real election of voters going to the polls in the u s at least what is known as a general election is preceded by a primary election and that has been the case for presidential contests since 1912 so is the voting in presidential primaries a leading indicator of the vote in november remarkably so as it turns out how well presidential candidates do in primary elections foretells their prospects in the november election with great accuracy what is more the use of primaries as a vote predictor makes it possible to include in the forecast model both the candidate of the incumbent party and the candidate of the party out of the white house the forecast for 2004 uses candidate vote shares in primaries not just a win lose dichotomy as done in the model used to predict the vote in 2000 norpoth 2001", "title_raw": "From Primary to General Election: A Forecast of the Presidential Vote", "abstract_raw": "Yogi Berra might have said it: the best predictor of an election is, well, an election. Not a trial-heat conducted by opinion polls, but a real election of voters going to the polls. In the U.S., at least, what is known as a \u201cgeneral\u201d election is preceded by a \u201cprimary\u201d election, and that has been the case for presidential contests since 1912. So is the voting in presidential primaries a leading indicator of the vote in November? Remarkably so, as it turns out. How well presidential candidates do in primary elections foretells their prospects in the November election with great accuracy. What is more, the use of primaries as a vote predictor makes it possible to include in the forecast model both the candidate of the incumbent party and the candidate of the party out of the White House. The forecast for 2004 uses candidate vote shares in primaries, not just a win-lose dichotomy as done in the model used to predict the vote in 2000 (Norpoth 2001)." }, { "paper": "1981074195", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2004", "title": "book review john mackinlay and peter cross eds regional peacekeepers the paradox of russian peacekeeping tokyo united nations university press 2003 224 pp", "label": [ "183761623" ], "author": [ "2248805943" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: John MacKinlay and Peter Cross (eds.), Regional Peacekeepers: the Paradox of Russian Peacekeeping (Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 2003, 224 pp.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2125657526", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2004", "title": "the third democracy tocqueville s views of america after 1840", "label": [ "3116431", "94625758", "555826173" ], "author": [ "1666569667", "2129990461" ], "reference": [ "395173484", "407466425", "588576770", "590660903", "611861370", "617900881", "652937291", "1564988628", "1977642005", "2006766079", "2007097828", "2037235683", "2061034816", "2077365411", "2086085097", "2092012841", "2102950580", "2323936437", "2486619619", "2753221422", "2790441691" ], "abstract": "tocqueville s democracy in america offered the image of an accomplished and successful democratic regime although tocqueville never wrote a third volume he continued to be interested in american political events and exchanged a number of important letters with his american friends after 1840 did tocqueville change his views on america outlined in the two volumes published in 1835 and 1840 if so did the evolution of his views of america affect his theory of democracy the paper answers these questions by examining tocqueville s unduly neglected correspondence with his american friends it seeks to reconstruct what volume three of democracy in america might have looked like if it had ever been written in these letters tocqueville addressed important topics such as the instability of the market and the immaturity of american democracy issues that did not loom large in the two published volumes the paper shows that in the last years of his life tocqueville became very disenchanted with american political life and reassessed some of his previous views of american democracy i who am half yankee tocqueville 1986 185", "title_raw": "The Third Democracy: Tocqueville's Views of America after 1840", "abstract_raw": "Tocqueville's Democracy in America offered the image of an accomplished and successful democratic regime. Although Tocqueville never wrote a third volume, he continued to be interested in American political events and exchanged a number of important letters with his American friends after 1840. Did Tocqueville change his views on America outlined in the two volumes published in 1835 and 1840? If so, did the evolution of his views of America affect his theory of democracy? The paper answers these questions by examining Tocqueville's unduly neglected correspondence with his American friends. It seeks to reconstruct what Volume Three of Democracy in America might have looked like if it had ever been written. In these letters, Tocqueville addressed important topics such as the instability of the market and the immaturity of American democracy, issues that did not loom large in the two published volumes. The paper shows that in the last years of his life Tocqueville became very disenchanted with American political life and reassessed some of his previous views of American democracy. I, who am half Yankee. Tocqueville ( 1986 , 185)" }, { "paper": "2126079316", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2004", "title": "one europe one vote the political economy of european union representation in international organizations", "label": [ "93377909", "188888794", "46355384", "2776359362", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1422842245" ], "reference": [ "1603745754", "1964926481", "1985079322", "2018883955", "2074700055", "2080618980", "2101586208", "2106602598", "2123072392", "2148020211", "2149899514", "2151036724", "2151460044", "2977326134", "3021191902", "3122926954" ], "abstract": "many europeans support common european union eu representation in international institutions but such a pooling of international political influence raises complex and controversial issues a common european foreign policy position implies compromise among eu members the pooling of international representation thus requires as with many internal eu policies that member states weigh the potential benefits of a common policy against the potential costs of a policy not to their liking there can be a tradeoff between the advantages of scale and the disadvantages of overriding heterogeneous preferences simple spatial models help to make this point to clarify the circumstances in which a common european international representation is most likely and to explain who is most likely to support or oppose a pooling of european foreign policies", "title_raw": "One Europe, One Vote?: The Political Economy of European Union Representation in International Organizations", "abstract_raw": "Many Europeans support common European Union (EU) representation in international institutions. But such a pooling of international political influence raises complex and controversial issues. A common European foreign policy position implies compromise among EU members. The pooling of international representation thus requires, as with many internal EU policies, that member states weigh the potential benefits of a common policy against the potential costs of a policy not to their liking. There can be a tradeoff between the advantages of scale and the disadvantages of overriding heterogeneous preferences. Simple spatial models help to make this point, to clarify the circumstances in which a common European international representation is most likely, and to explain who is most likely to support or oppose a pooling of European foreign policies." }, { "paper": "2073466434", "venue": "98137347", "year": "2004", "title": "environmental ethics and forestry a reader", "label": [ "72838440", "46227865" ], "author": [ "2517611068" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Environmental Ethics and Forestry: a Reader", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "174784838", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "cool building contest", "label": [ "2777582232" ], "author": [ "2188333814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Cool Building Contest", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "237249426", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2004", "title": "chevron and preemption", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2114883351" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Chevron and Preemption", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1561930923", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "bush victory leaves scars and concerns about funding", "label": [ "7991579", "2779220109", "199539241", "109986646", "94625758", "197487636" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "u s science policyfresh from the election triumph by his boss and the republican party u s presidential science adviser john marburger warned last week in an interview with science that criticism of the administration s science policies during the campaign may be undermining public support for science", "title_raw": "Bush Victory Leaves Scars--and Concerns About Funding", "abstract_raw": "U.S. SCIENCE POLICYFresh from the election triumph by his boss and the Republican Party, U.S. presidential science adviser John Marburger warned last week in an interview with Science that criticism of the Administration's science policies during the campaign may be undermining public support for science." }, { "paper": "2018375235", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2004", "title": "how good are voters at sorting out the weakest candidate in their constituency", "label": [ "555826173", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2145484111", "2501445141" ], "reference": [ "1965609013", "1967339862", "1995799942", "2045509200", "2053158657", "2157979842", "2324427833", "2796863638" ], "abstract": "abstract the paper examines voters capacity to determine which of the three main parties the liberals the conservatives and the new democratic party was weakest in their constituency in the 1988 canadian election we find that half of the voters correctly identified the party that would finish third in their constituency voters who did not identify with the third party and who were well informed were generally able to predict correctly which party would finish third the rational expectations condition did not hold so well among other subgroups of the electorate", "title_raw": "How good are voters at sorting out the weakest candidate in their constituency", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The paper examines voters\u2019 capacity to determine which of the three main parties (the Liberals, the Conservatives, and the New Democratic Party) was weakest in their constituency in the 1988 Canadian election. We find that half of the voters correctly identified the party that would finish third in their constituency. Voters who did not identify with the third party and who were well informed were generally able to predict correctly which party would finish third. The rational expectations condition did not hold so well among other subgroups of the electorate." }, { "paper": "2048647270", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "scientific publishing scientific societies lay out free access principles", "label": [ "7991579", "151719136", "39549134", "2777026412" ], "author": [ "2343143953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "scientific publishingstung by criticism that they are preventing the public from getting easy access to technical information a u s coalition of 48 nonprofit scientific societies last week issued a statement highlighting efforts to provide free access to their journals", "title_raw": "Scientific publishing. Scientific societies lay out 'free access' principles.", "abstract_raw": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHINGStung by criticism that they are preventing the public from getting easy access to technical information, a U.S. coalition of 48 nonprofit scientific societies last week issued a statement highlighting efforts to provide \"free access\" to their journals." }, { "paper": "2052408414", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2004", "title": "issue voting in portugal the 2002 legislative elections", "label": [ "117763746", "3116431", "156160270", "83009810", "520049643", "48226144" ], "author": [ "2110075738" ], "reference": [ "80395392", "231689473", "603131179", "626858470", "643399982", "658262528", "1542118685", "1969237294", "1977825494", "2001898713", "2008421891", "2017184608", "2023066097", "2044961916", "2047996729", "2050422344", "2073871843", "2092298252", "2115074743", "2329103711", "3125780825" ], "abstract": "this article analyses the relative impact of position versus performance issues in portuguese voting behaviour at the 2002 legislative elections and examines the relative importance of issues compared to other determinants of voting behaviour the article first defines issues and then presents a model of voting choice before examining the salience of different issues the impact of issues as opposed to other major voting determinants is evaluated as vote predicting factor", "title_raw": "Issue Voting in Portugal: The 2002 Legislative Elections", "abstract_raw": "This article analyses the relative impact of position versus performance issues in Portuguese voting behaviour at the 2002 legislative elections and examines the relative importance of issues compared to other determinants of voting behaviour. The article first defines issues and then presents a model of voting choice, before examining the salience of different issues. The impact of issues, as opposed to other major voting determinants, is evaluated as vote predicting factor." }, { "paper": "2038281178", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2004", "title": "when are arms races dangerous rational versus suboptimal arming", "label": [ "2776836860", "34355311", "60643870" ], "author": [ "2104100601" ], "reference": [ "179887785", "196847944", "380799575", "574026539", "574423237", "578993699", "596833667", "627003070", "645434822", "1487024384", "1488112228", "1500864630", "1515377417", "1521715770", "1526611978", "1531277693", "1532903658", "1535983386", "1537403358", "1566032339", "1584301145", "1892954834", "1969313312", "1969486259", "1969727264", "1974625944", "1976496771", "1976506170", "1979805318", "1984260346", "1988120868", "1992933680", "1994780894", "1996351431", "2011444779", "2015559594", "2022769275", "2026097809", "2037118322", "2041012151", "2042248842", "2042932755", "2045817848", "2050683864", "2052722270", "2052888782", "2063368978", "2064029551", "2064544644", "2065887760", "2079194382", "2083706800", "2084269453", "2087701495", "2089486804", "2090174352", "2093041973", "2093182843", "2093369231", "2094006037", "2104422079", "2108201385", "2109312871", "2116072305", "2117548638", "2122450074", "2124974251", "2125044185", "2127287880", "2128791546", "2129536470", "2132229248", "2140191178", "2142869933", "2145896446", "2145920655", "2146413678", "2156757845", "2157746041", "2160045979", "2161053376", "2166735555", "2167123537", "2167398928", "2185612969", "2315109458", "2317118266", "2321404130", "2323771208", "2326685520", "2327146459", "2411997806", "2485605650", "2495594925", "2572054913", "2734644190", "2778123535", "2793444538", "2795421331", "2795979812", "2796033891", "2796767983", "2797471054", "2798991156", "2800698063", "2801306186", "2801328765", "2801376394", "2806701539", "2901220928", "2998871511", "3011766117", "3138859913", "3179375907" ], "abstract": "are arms races dangerous this basic international relations question has received extensive attention 1 a large quantitative empirical literature addresses the consequences of arms races by focusing on whether they correlate with war but remains divided on the answer 2 the theoretical literature falls into opposing camps 1 arms races are driven by the security dilemma are explained by the rational spiral model and decrease security or 2 arms races are driven by revisionist adversaries explained by the deterrence model and increase security 3 these when are arms races dangerous", "title_raw": "When Are Arms Races Dangerous? Rational versus Suboptimal Arming", "abstract_raw": "Are arms races dangerous? This basic international relations question has received extensive attention.1 A large quantitative empirical literature addresses the consequences of arms races by focusing on whether they correlate with war, but remains divided on the answer.2 The theoretical literature falls into opposing camps: (1) arms races are driven by the security dilemma, are explained by the rational spiral model, and decrease security, or (2) arms races are driven by revisionist adversaries, explained by the deterrence model, and increase security.3 These When Are Arms Races Dangerous?" }, { "paper": "1595465249", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "the ultimate exclusive lan", "label": [ "94950391" ], "author": [ "2274243332" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "scientific exchangespyongyang north korea s success in integrating itself with the rest of the world beginning with science could hinge on whether it opens up lines of communication to foreign information and ideas but that s a risky notion in this isolated country", "title_raw": "The Ultimate, Exclusive LAN", "abstract_raw": "SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGESPYONGYANG-- North Korea's success in integrating itself with the rest of the world, beginning with science, could hinge on whether it opens up lines of communication to foreign information and ideas. But that's a risky notion in this isolated country." }, { "paper": "1999323901", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2004", "title": "the united states and western europe since 1945 from empire by invitation to transatlantic driftby geir lundestad", "label": [ "2778495208" ], "author": [ "2174085191" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The United States and Western Europe since 1945: From \u201cEmpire\u201d by Invitation to Transatlantic Driftby Geir Lundestad", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3048745859", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2004", "title": "the exclusive economic zone and the united nations convention on the law of the sea 1982 2000 a preliminary assessment of state practice book", "label": [ "113513581", "2776398702", "183988256" ], "author": [ "3048670254", "1964352144" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Exclusive Economic Zone and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982-2000: A Preliminary Assessment of State Practice (Book)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "822072227", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2004", "title": "emergencies and political change a reply to tushnet", "label": [ "94625758", "127454912", "2777617010", "2775923278", "2776748549" ], "author": [ "2142285413", "2051813219" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "mark tushnet s response to accommodating emergencies1 is characteristically thoughtful and sophisticated and we have no quarrel with his main conclusions 2 in what follows we will confine ourselves to briefly amplifying one of tushnet s most important themes the idea that emergencies can enlarge the scope of the politically possible this is clearly correct but the harder question is what to make of it tushnet emphasizes that new possibilities can be bad possibilities we wish to round out the picture by emphasizing the good that can flow from political upheaval emergencies can and often have liberated regimes from a sclerotic status quo enabling political leaders to enact newer and more progressive laws and policies tushnet usefully points out two distinct ways in which emergencies might matter first they provide new information relevant to the assessment of the costs and benefits of some policies 3 the 9 1 1 attacks for example revealed that various airline security procedures were less effective than thought because they assumed that hijackers were not willing to undertake suicide missions and not able to pilot an aircraft the attack also revealed that superior security procedures would generate benefits far greater than earlier believed thousands of lives saved rather than hundreds billions of dollars of damage averted rather than millions mainstream support for policies that increase security at moderate cost to civil liberties may be traced to a simple recalculation of costs", "title_raw": "Emergencies and Political Change: A Reply to Tushnet", "abstract_raw": "Mark Tushnet's Response to Accommodating Emergencies1 is characteristically thoughtful and sophisticated, and we have no quarrel with his main conclusions.2 In what follows, we will confine ourselves to briefly amplifying one of Tushnet's most important themes: the idea that emergencies can enlarge the scope of the politically possible. This is clearly correct, but the harder question is what to make of it. Tushnet emphasizes that new possibilities can be bad possibilities; we wish to round out the picture by emphasizing the good that can flow from political upheaval. Emergencies can, and often have, liberated regimes from a sclerotic status quo, enabling political leaders to enact newer and more progressive laws and policies. Tushnet usefully points out two distinct ways in which emergencies might matter. First, \"they provide new information relevant to the assessment of the costs and benefits of some policies.\"3 The 9/1 1 attacks, for example, revealed that various airline security procedures were less effective than thought because they assumed that hijackers were not willing to undertake suicide missions and not able to pilot an aircraft. The attack also revealed that superior security procedures would generate benefits far greater than earlier believed: thousands of lives saved rather than hundreds, billions of dollars of damage averted rather than millions. Mainstream support for policies that increase security at moderate cost to civil liberties may be traced to a simple recalculation of costs" }, { "paper": "2055060232", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2004", "title": "introduction political scandals and media across democracies volume i", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "1829763325", "1937207367" ], "reference": [ "17644889", "332330092", "564362700", "571822061", "587592931", "642511322", "1483514344", "1488247512", "1553096721", "1965654176", "1970353075", "1981635445", "2038996582", "2053120142", "2059203261", "2078856142", "2326723675" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Introduction: Political Scandals and Media Across Democracies, Volume I", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2003179248", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2004", "title": "participatory publics civil society and new institutions in democratic brazil", "label": [ "2781035477", "94625758", "555826173", "3116431", "2777305734", "513891491", "206836424", "17058734", "123108692" ], "author": [ "1745719569", "122224847" ], "reference": [ "1247302891", "1509383136", "1528784858", "2033986093", "2164875825" ], "abstract": "brazil is home to some of the most successful experiences in participatory local government the proliferation of civil society organizations in brazil during the transition to democratic rule was accompanied by the development of new political values and strategies that fostered institutional renewal at the municipal level brazil s 1988 constitution decentralized political authority thereby granting municipal administrations sufficient resources and political independence to restructure policymaking processes coalitions of civil society organizations and political reformers have taken advantage of this flexibility to experiment with new institutional types the political strategies of civil society organizations are often driven by the need to find immediate solutions to dire social problems and by a broader interest in increasing the access of ordinary citizens to key decision making venues the strategies of the political reformers often led by the left of center workers party pt have been based on transforming how and to whom public goods are distributed scholars in the theoretical debate on democratization have missed key linkages among civil society activists local participation governing coalitions and institutions because they have conceived of only two mutually exclusive options the demobilization of civil society in posttransition settings and the emergence of counterinstitutional civil society organizations of a social movement type these theoretical frameworks are unable to show how brazil s civil society is linked to efforts to expand the institutional terrain on which citizens compete for political resources this article identifies cases in brazil where civil society organizations challenge old practices such as clientelism and patronage while simultaneously offering concrete alternatives for new practices strategies and institutions the specific political strategies developed by civil society organizations during brazil s transition to democracy fostered the creation of deliberative policymaking institutions one institutional type participatory budgeting incorporates citizens into deliberative decision making venues political activity within civil society has led to significant political and social change in municipal government in brazil belying claims that brazil finds itself trapped in a deadlocked democracy participatory budgeting was initiated in 1989 in the municipality of porto alegre", "title_raw": "Participatory Publics: Civil Society and New Institutions in Democratic Brazil", "abstract_raw": "Brazil is home to some of the most successful experiences in participatory local government. The proliferation of civil society organizations in Brazil during the transition to democratic rule was accompanied by the development of new political values and strategies that fostered institutional renewal at the municipal level. Brazil's 1988 constitution decentralized political authority, thereby granting municipal administrations sufficient resources and political independence to restructure policymaking processes. Coalitions of civil society organizations and political reformers have taken advantage of this flexibility to experiment with new institutional types. The political strategies of civil society organizations are often driven by the need to find immediate solutions to dire social problems and by a broader interest in increasing the access of ordinary citizens to key decision-making venues. The strategies of the political reformers, often led by the left-of-center Workers' Party (PT), have been based on transforming how and to whom public goods are distributed. Scholars in the theoretical debate on democratization have missed key linkages among civil society activists, local participation, governing coalitions, and institutions because they have conceived of only two mutually exclusive options, the demobilization of civil society in posttransition settings and the emergence of counterinstitutional civil society organizations of a social movement type. These theoretical frameworks are unable to show how Brazil's civil society is linked to efforts to expand the institutional terrain on which citizens compete for political resources. This article identifies cases in Brazil where civil society organizations challenge old practices, such as clientelism and patronage, while simultaneously offering concrete alternatives for new practices, strategies, and institutions. The specific political strategies developed by civil society organizations during Brazil's transition to democracy fostered the creation of deliberative policymaking institutions. One institutional type, participatory budgeting, incorporates citizens into deliberative decision-making venues. Political activity within civil society has led to significant political and social change in municipal government in Brazil, belying claims that Brazil finds itself trapped in a \"deadlocked democracy.\"' Participatory budgeting was initiated in 1989 in the municipality of Porto Alegre" }, { "paper": "2157283397", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2004", "title": "dyadic hostility and the ties that bind state to state versus state to system security and economic relationships", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2083028327" ], "reference": [ "45878808", "415575268", "1527836078", "1549572558", "1974495186", "1978181693", "1979806961", "1982749266", "1987005569", "1987566178", "1987673617", "2004244430", "2005928891", "2016382728", "2018816462", "2027930544", "2041359255", "2046136191", "2048753927", "2063322926", "2069754692", "2078970047", "2082086964", "2083620364", "2091113971", "2095456486", "2097443334", "2097503105", "2099638231", "2109085063", "2109312871", "2111222172", "2138329233", "2140917618", "2141751373", "2146240021", "2160182294", "2170427272", "2236193304", "2268946861", "2318918360", "2325293142", "2325677953", "2326947554", "2327083938", "2329929341", "2330856954", "2332463507", "2592017873", "3124594404" ], "abstract": "an important question in the conflict processes literature concerns what types of international relationships are more likely to lead to peaceful interactions both security and economic ties have been posited as powerful determinants of conflict yet their effects are often examined independently from one another furthermore a debate exists as to whether it is states ties to the international order or to each other that are most important in determining conflict a resolution of the competing perspectives would expect that two states that have a tight network of security and economic relationships both to each other and to the international order should be extremely unlikely to engage in hostile action against each other surprisingly a series of multinomial logits using non directed dyads from 1951 to 1985 suggests that dyads with tight economic and security ties at both the state to state and statetosystem levels are only slightly less likely to engage in dyadic disputes than those without such simultaneous ties however this study finds that both 1 tight security and economic ties to the international order and 2 tight intra dyadic security and economic ties have important independent effects in limiting dyadic hostility this suggests that the states within a dyad have two separate paths to more peaceful interactions the first lies in tightening ties between states the second in strengthening dyadic security and economic ties to the international order", "title_raw": "Dyadic Hostility and the Ties That Bind: State-to-State versus State-to-System Security and Economic Relationships", "abstract_raw": "An important question in the conflict processes literature concerns what types of international relationships are more likely to lead to peaceful interactions. Both security and economic ties have been posited as powerful determinants of conflict, yet their effects are often examined independently from one another. Furthermore, a debate exists as to whether it is states' ties to the international order or to each other that are most important in determining conflict. A resolution of the competing perspectives would expect that two states that have a tight network of security and economic relationships, both to each other and to the international order, should be extremely unlikely to engage in hostile action against each other. Surprisingly, a series of multinomial logits using non-directed dyads from 1951 to 1985 suggests that dyads with tight economic and security ties at both the state-to-state and statetosystem levels are only slightly less likely to engage in dyadic disputes than those without such simultaneous ties. However, this study finds that both (1) tight security and economic ties to the international order and (2) tight intra-dyadic security and economic ties have important, independent effects in limiting dyadic hostility. This suggests that the states within a dyad have two separate paths to more peaceful interactions - the first lies in tightening ties between states, the second in strengthening dyadic security and economic ties to the international order." }, { "paper": "2038112382", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2004", "title": "indian health groups demand right to health", "label": [ "147859227", "160735492", "113807197", "2777029895", "47344431", "2780893092", "3116431", "185618831" ], "author": [ "2164225178" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a coalition of health and medical voluntary organisations in india has demanded that the right to health should be included in the constitution in light of diminishing state support for health care although principles in the constitution provide the basis for such a right there is no operational legal framework to ensure universal access to public health services therefore the groups spearheading jan swasthya abhiyan jsa people s health movement have urged political parties to support their demand for a national public health act codifying right to health if the public system fails to deliver it should be treated as an offence and people should be able to seek legal remedy said jsa spokesperson abhay shukla all elements of public system like availability of drugs and diagnostic tests in primary health care centres phcs should be defined excerpt", "title_raw": "Indian health groups demand right to health", "abstract_raw": "A coalition of health and medical voluntary organisations in India has demanded that the right to health should be included in the constitution in light of diminishing state support for health care. Although principles in the constitution provide the basis for such a right there is no operational legal framework to ensure universal access to public health services. Therefore the groups spearheading Jan Swasthya Abhiyan (JSA; People\u2019s Health Movement) have urged political parties to support their demand for a National Public Health Act codifying right to health. \u201cIf the public system fails to deliver it should be treated as an offence and people should be able to seek legal remedy\u201d said JSA spokesperson Abhay Shukla. \u201cAll elements of public system like availability of drugs and diagnostic tests in primary health-care centres [PHCs] should be defined. (excerpt)" }, { "paper": "1988215255", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2004", "title": "the diffusion of military technology and ideas", "label": [ "541019422", "34355311", "2776398702", "184356942" ], "author": [ "2083216849" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the diffusion of military technology and ideas edited by emily o goldman and leslie c eliason stanford stanford university press 2003 440p 75 00 realists see systemic competition as the key to international politics and expect states to converge on something like best practice under this competitive pressure for realists this should be especially true for military practices where the penalties for suboptimality are most severe realism thus predicts rapid and comprehensive diffusion of military methods with all quickly emulating the state of the art as demonstrated by the strongest this view is shared by policymakers who worry about technology transfer and its security implications can america preserve its current advantages in the use of networked information and precision weaponry as technology and ideas spread to potential challengers", "title_raw": "The Diffusion of Military Technology and Ideas", "abstract_raw": "The Diffusion of Military Technology and Ideas. Edited by Emily O. Goldman and Leslie C. Eliason. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003. 440p. $75.00. Realists see systemic competition as the key to international politics and expect states to converge on something like \u201cbest practice\u201d under this competitive pressure. For realists, this should be especially true for military practices, where the penalties for suboptimality are most severe. Realism thus predicts rapid and comprehensive diffusion of military methods, with all quickly emulating the state of the art as demonstrated by the strongest. This view is shared by policymakers who worry about technology transfer and its security implications: Can America preserve its current advantages in the use of networked information and precision weaponry as technology and ideas spread to potential challengers?" }, { "paper": "2090982695", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2004", "title": "transatlantic constitutionalism comparing the united states and the european union", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "470837569" ], "reference": [ "73216506", "1480210340", "1968472498", "2070677020", "2076744650", "2079820845", "2134925539", "2145227629", "2472098155", "2477296296", "2978564014" ], "abstract": "this article contributes to the european constitutional debate with a comparison of the constitutional evolution of the european union and the united states the european union has more to learn from the american experience of constitutionalism than from any of its own member states like the united states the european union will have a frame of government constitution that will try to order a system of multiple and concurrent communities of interests as happened in america and designed by an indirectly elected assembly the european union and the united states will continue to manifest many differences in other crucial aspects of their institutional and cultural development however although constrained by their respective historical and institutional paths their constitutional evolution is making the atlantic ocean less wide than it used to be", "title_raw": "Transatlantic Constitutionalism: Comparing the United States and the European Union", "abstract_raw": ".\u2002 This article contributes to the European constitutional debate with a comparison of the constitutional evolution of the European Union and the United States. The European Union has more to learn from the American experience of constitutionalism than from any of its own Member States. Like the United States, the European Union will have a frame of government constitution that will try to order a system of multiple and concurrent communities of interests, as happened in America, and designed by an indirectly elected assembly. The European Union and the United States will continue to manifest many differences in other crucial aspects of their institutional and cultural development. However, although constrained by their respective historical and institutional paths, their constitutional evolution is making the Atlantic Ocean less wide than it used to be." }, { "paper": "2054823320", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2004", "title": "when is it right to fight", "label": [ "2776398702", "2776034101", "65117487", "199539241", "186229450" ], "author": [ "2781306004" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "gareth evans is president of the international crisis group a member of the un secretarygeneral s high level panel on threats challenges and change and was co chair of the international commission on intervention and state sovereignty in 2001 he was foreign minister of australia from 1988 to 1996 this article is based on the 2004 cyril foster lecture delivered at oxford university on 10 may 2004", "title_raw": "When is it Right to Fight", "abstract_raw": "Gareth Evans is President of the International Crisis Group, a Member of the UN SecretaryGeneral\u2019s High Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, and was Co-Chair of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty in 2001. He was Foreign Minister of Australia from 1988 to 1996. This article is based on the 2004 Cyril Foster Lecture, delivered at Oxford University on 10 May 2004." }, { "paper": "1534763503", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "nih flooded with comments on public access proposal", "label": [ "2779913896" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the national institutes of health this fall solicited the public9s views on a plan that would require nih funded investigators9 papers to be posted on the internet 6 months after a journal publishes them and the public took notice", "title_raw": "NIH Flooded With Comments on Public Access Proposal", "abstract_raw": "The National Institutes of Health this fall solicited the public9s views on a plan that would require NIH-funded investigators9 papers to be posted on the Internet 6 months after a journal publishes them. And the public took notice." }, { "paper": "3021492406", "venue": "45992627", "year": "2004", "title": "the role of institutions in russia s integration to the world economy", "label": [ "2777098093" ], "author": [ "2119700754", "2229756775" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The role of institutions in Russia's integration to the world economy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2075612425", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "the science behind forensic science", "label": [ "2780966255", "102587632", "2775952369", "2780262971", "2775884135" ], "author": [ "2575808233" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "donald kennedy s editorial forensic science oxymoron 5 dec p 1625 1 raises a number of troubling questions about forensic science they are especially troubling for those of us who work in crime laboratories law enforcement agencies medical examiner s offices and other parts of the criminal justice system that deal with evidence and scientific analysis forensic science professionals heartily support research into the scientific underpinnings of forensic science daubert and subsequent cases have changed the way courts review knowledge based evidence it is therefore not unreasonable for courts to demand that nonacademic based procedures be shown to be reliable by scientists independent of law enforcement laboratories the challenge is to ensure that the methods and techniques that protect the innocent and incriminate the guilty are reliable and actually work the consortium of forensic science organizations cfso represents over 11 000 individuals who work in forensic science worldwide these organizations and their members endorse the notion that their work must be grounded in scientific principles the cfso endorses research into the underpinnings of forensic science techniques however money is needed to fund that research congress must provide the national institute of justice nij with adequate resources and a mandate to undertake the research needed to demonstrate the validity and reliability of these techniques other funding agencies that have not traditionally funded forensic research such as the national science foundation should also be engaged research conducted by impartial scientists working in research institutes coupled with input from the forensics community is needed will research quiet the naysayers to forensic science probably not but carefully directed research aimed at some of the key problems will promote fairness in our justice system and lead to ever more powerful and reliable technology now for the hard part how can the scientific academic community in cooperation with the forensics community put these issues on the radar screen of those who can provide appropriate funding 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 302 5651 1625", "title_raw": "The Science Behind Forensic Science", "abstract_raw": "Donald Kennedy's Editorial \u201cForensic science: oxymoron?\u201d (5 Dec., p. [1625][1]) raises a number of troubling questions about forensic science. They are especially troubling for those of us who work in crime laboratories, law enforcement agencies, medical examiner's offices, and other parts of the criminal justice system that deal with evidence and scientific analysis.\n\nForensic science professionals heartily support research into the scientific underpinnings of forensic science. Daubert and subsequent cases have changed the way courts review knowledge-based evidence. It is therefore not unreasonable for courts to demand that nonacademic-based procedures be shown to be reliable by scientists independent of law enforcement laboratories. The challenge is to ensure that the methods and techniques that protect the innocent and incriminate the guilty are reliable and actually work.\n\nThe Consortium of Forensic Science Organizations (CFSO) represents over 11,000 individuals who work in forensic science worldwide. These organizations and their members endorse the notion that their work must be grounded in scientific principles. The CFSO endorses research into the underpinnings of forensic science techniques. However, money is needed to fund that research. Congress must provide the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) with adequate resources and a mandate to undertake the research needed to demonstrate the validity and reliability of these techniques. Other funding agencies that have not traditionally funded forensic research, such as the National Science Foundation, should also be engaged. Research conducted by impartial scientists working in research institutes, coupled with input from the forensics community, is needed.\n\nWill research quiet the naysayers to forensic science? Probably not, but carefully directed research aimed at some of the key problems will promote fairness in our justice system and lead to ever more powerful and reliable technology. Now for the hard part: How can the scientific/academic community, in cooperation with the forensics community, put these issues on the radar screen of those who can provide appropriate funding?\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.302.5651.1625" }, { "paper": "2240262868", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2004", "title": "party of the people a history of the democrats grand old party a history of the republicans book", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2583657445" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Party of the People: A History of the Democrats/Grand Old Party: A History of the Republicans (Book)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2068730160", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2004", "title": "realizing the promise for ourselves", "label": [ "48327123", "169437150", "531593650", "197957934", "94625758", "2780526558" ], "author": [ "2664967270" ], "reference": [ "2483678202" ], "abstract": "this is a book to be welcomed for the ambition of the project of which it is the published outcome for the attempted filling of the substantial gap in our knowledge which it represents and for the level of success in its execution which the contributing authors have largely achieved i have used the subtitle of this collection of papers as the title of this review to emphasize the centrality of this theme in the book as a whole as well as the necessity for africans to assume the responsibility of achieving the desired level of compliance with human rights norms to ensure good governance particu larly in the current political climate little assistance is likely to come from the developed world in pursuing this objective as a continent africa is not usually associated with the protection of the human rights of those who live there and in the political bleakness of the 1970s and 1980s a book such as that under review would have been greeted with some skepticism and intense disappointment especially after the hope with which decolonization had been greeted in the 1960s in those decades military dictatorships were pervasive as the system of government in africa not to mention the tenacious hold which racist colonialism continued to exert on much of the southern part of the continent either directly or by proxy stoking the fires of ethnic division and human greed", "title_raw": "Realizing the Promise for Ourselves", "abstract_raw": "This is a book to be welcomed, for the ambition of the project of which it is the published outcome, for the attempted filling of the substantial gap in our knowledge which it represents, and for the level of success in its execution which the contributing authors have largely achieved. I have used the subtitle of this collection of papers as the title of this review, to emphasize the centrality of this theme in the book as a whole, as well as the necessity for Africans to assume the responsibility of achieving the desired level of compliance with human rights norms to ensure good governance; particu larly in the current political climate, little assistance is likely to come from the developed world in pursuing this objective. As a continent, Africa is not usually associated with the protection of the human rights of those who live there, and in the political bleakness of the 1970s and 1980s, a book such as that under review would have been greeted with some skepticism, and intense disappointment, especially after the hope with which decolonization had been greeted in the 1960s. In those decades, military dictatorships were pervasive as the system of government in Africa, not to mention the tenacious hold which racist colonialism continued to exert on much of the southern part of the continent, either directly or by proxy, stoking the fires of ethnic division and human greed." }, { "paper": "2091252819", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "stalemate over fusion project threatens to provoke split", "label": [ "109913982" ], "author": [ "2145820538" ], "reference": [ "1998245277", "2011776897" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Stalemate over fusion project threatens to provoke split.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2285372925", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "research on contraceptives letter", "label": [ "19159745", "46578552", "39549134", "2777362162" ], "author": [ "2509534744", "2283220192" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "we could not agree more with bruce hannons letter in response to the list of grand challenges in global health in which he recommends implementation of a timely and effective birth control programs indeed effective family planning is a socially beneficial activity that affects the well being of women men children families and society as a whole hannon reasonably calls on bill gates and the nih to take responsibility for this unmet global need in their spending plans in fact the bill melinda gates foundation has done just that by sponsoring a study undertaken by the institute of medicine in a report new frontiers in contraceptive research a blueprint for action issued in january by the institute of medicine the committee on new frontiers in contraceptive research lays out a research plan for development of new contraceptives including ways that new research can be shared and distributed among public and private institutions and across the world i the recommendations take into account differing needs for contraception by people of varying marital status age and culture as well as the additional factors of usability cost access and protection from sexually transmitted infections we hope that the report will offer direction and guidance as the nih and other research institutions public and private work to achieve the worthy 15th goal that hannon has set out for them excerpt", "title_raw": "Research on contraceptives [letter]", "abstract_raw": "We could not agree more with Bruce Hannons Letter in response to the list of \"Grand challenges in global health\" in which he recommends implementation of \"a timely and effective birth-control programs\u201d. Indeed effective family planning is a socially beneficial activity that affects the well-being of women men children families and society as a whole. Hannon reasonably calls on Bill Gates and the NIH to take responsibility for this unmet global need in their spending plans. In fact the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has done just that by sponsoring a study undertaken by the Institute of Medicine. In a report \"New Frontiers in Contraceptive Research: A Blueprint for Action\" issued in January by the Institute of Medicine the Committee on New Frontiers in Contraceptive Research lays out a research plan for development of new contraceptives including ways that new research can be shared and distributed among public and private institutions and across the world (I). The recommendations take into account differing needs for contraception by people of varying marital status age and culture as well as the additional factors of usability cost access and protection from sexually transmitted infections. We hope that the report will offer direction and guidance as the NIH and other research institutions public and private work to achieve the worthy \"15th\" goal that Hannon has set out for them. (excerpt)" }, { "paper": "1977180756", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2004", "title": "conceptualising state capacity comparing kazakhstan and kyrgyzstan", "label": [ "94625758", "2776398702", "58823610", "29985473" ], "author": [ "2122974074", "2641686245" ], "reference": [ "166705791", "301716519", "398532289", "562866735", "595388028", "1502054857", "1607447688", "1968103608", "1969071878", "1974251402", "1978213954", "1978918752", "1983544332", "1992714749", "1993662356", "1994990033", "2014277420", "2023154721", "2035730307", "2047150482", "2050555618", "2051291366", "2078136153", "2096946454", "2109467810", "2114412976", "2117600384", "2131213453", "2134001068", "2136773990", "2147416697", "2157402684", "2329447428", "2504952638", "2505923429", "2798491149", "3121147769" ], "abstract": "strengthening the state is central to the post communist reform agenda here state capacity combines organisational material and social resources and is conceptualised along four dimensions ideational political technical and implementational this conceptualisation is applied to a comparative survey based analysis in 2002 of 125 medium ranking officials in two post communist central asian countries kazakhstan and kyrgyzstan the findings reveal that although kazakhstan s controlled economic reform programme and natural resources have placed it in a stronger position to develop its state capacity important ideational political and implementational problems pose long term obstacles for reform in turn kyrgyzstan s early liberalisation in the absence of economic and social resources may be serving to undermine its state capacity", "title_raw": "Conceptualising State Capacity: Comparing Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan", "abstract_raw": "Strengthening the state is central to the post-communist reform agenda. Here, state capacity combines organisational, material and social resources and is conceptualised along four dimensions: ideational, political, technical and implementational. This conceptualisation is applied to a comparative, survey-based analysis in 2002 of 125 medium-ranking officials in two post-communist Central Asian countries, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The findings reveal that although Kazakhstan's controlled economic reform programme and natural resources have placed it in a stronger position to develop its state capacity, important ideational, political and implementational problems pose long-term obstacles for reform. In turn, Kyrgyzstan's early liberalisation in the absence of economic and social resources may be serving to undermine its state capacity." }, { "paper": "1545036983", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "granting councils gain despite funding crunch", "label": [ "3116431", "2780822617" ], "author": [ "135719026" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "ottawa the first federal budget from a prime minister described by aides as a science geek gives canadian scientists less than they need but more than they had expected", "title_raw": "Granting Councils Gain Despite Funding Crunch", "abstract_raw": "OTTAWA--\n The first federal budget from a prime minister described by aides as a \"science geek\" gives Canadian scientists less than they need--but more than they had expected." }, { "paper": "2062294317", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2004", "title": "preserving power through coalitions comparing the grand strategy of great britain and the united statesby maria sampanis", "label": [ "3116431", "2776051254", "172002799" ], "author": [ "2598225101" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Preserving Power Through Coalitions: Comparing the Grand Strategy of Great Britain and the United Statesby Maria Sampanis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2317141870", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2004", "title": "product review eyewitness to a genocide the united nations and rwanda", "label": [ "204342414" ], "author": [ "1963567049", "1995730132" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Product Review: Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "475036460", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2004", "title": "on equal terms the constitutional politics of educational opportunity", "label": [ "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2157353776" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "On Equal Terms: The Constitutional Politics of Educational Opportunity", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1989333869", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "hungarian science dreaming on the danube", "label": [ "39549134", "2776943033", "542948173", "2778139618", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "303834104" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "can budapest regain its status as one of europe s scientific hubs perhaps if the generation gap between soviet era scientists and young westward looking researchers can be bridged quirin schiermeier reports", "title_raw": "Hungarian science: dreaming on the Danube.", "abstract_raw": "Can Budapest regain its status as one of Europe's scientific hubs? Perhaps, if the generation gap between Soviet-era scientists and young, westward-looking researchers can be bridged. Quirin Schiermeier reports." }, { "paper": "2145106933", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2004", "title": "the last campaign against corruption in soviet moscow", "label": [ "2776051254", "2780262971", "542948173", "2781046721", "201342494" ], "author": [ "2589428075" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this campaign must have had something to do with the fact that a policeman was appointed first secretary of the soviet communist party one of the first areas of impact when andropov came to power was that the kremlin identified corruption as the country s number one problem it was very important for andropov to prove that he could successfully handle this issue which had become a serious threat to the soviet political system still more crucial he had to convince the nomenklatura that he was competent as the country s new boss moscow plays a key role it is the first city in which one must prove oneself as general secretary corruption was more rampant in the capital than elsewhere in the russian union republic and those involved were highly organised and influential andropov relied on the best prosecutors in moscow to launch his attack against corruption if he was successful in the capital his support among the central nomenklatura would grow making the offensive against corruption in the capital an example to follow for the rest of the country thus the policies that andropov implemented in moscow were part of a strategy aimed at reinforcing his authority throughout the soviet union despite an abundance of published research on corruption in the ussr there are certain gaps above all regarding documentation until now relevant articles and publications on the topic have been primarily documented from the soviet press we would like to review the situation in the moscow trade networks based mainly on the soviet police primary sources in doing so it is important to keep in mind the law enforcement agencies weaknesses at the time first a tendency to exaggerate data widespread corruption justifies an increase in the police force s resources thus increasing its importance in the political system however the police might also on occasion choose the opposite route by underestimating the scope of criminality minimising economic infractions gives the impression that the law enforcement agencies are doing a good job thus reinforcing their leaders positions moreover it is possible that the police make mistakes as to those suspected or accused nonetheless studies on corruption based on material from law enforcement sources remain very valuable so far despite an increasing openness regarding the soviet period corruption in the 1980s has not yet been analysed using primary sources from law enforcement agencies the second aspect is connected with the kgb s influence in soviet society one", "title_raw": "The Last Campaign Against Corruption in Soviet Moscow", "abstract_raw": "This campaign must have had something to do with the fact that a policeman was appointed First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party. One of the first areas of impact when Andropov came to power was that the Kremlin identified corruption as the country's number one problem. It was very important for Andropov to prove that he could successfully handle this issue, which had become a serious threat to the Soviet political system. Still more crucial, he had to convince the nomenklatura that he was competent as the country's new boss. Moscow plays a key role: it is the first city in which one must prove oneself as General Secretary. Corruption was more rampant in the capital than elsewhere in the Russian Union Republic and those involved were highly organised and influential. Andropov relied on the best prosecutors in Moscow to launch his attack against corruption. If he was successful in the capital his support among the central nomenklatura would grow, making the offensive against corruption in the capital an example to follow for the rest of the country. Thus the policies that Andropov implemented in Moscow were part of a strategy aimed at reinforcing his authority throughout the Soviet Union. Despite an abundance of published research on corruption in the USSR, there are certain gaps, above all regarding documentation. Until now, relevant articles and publications on the topic have been primarily documented from the Soviet press. We would like to review the situation in the Moscow trade networks based mainly on the Soviet police primary sources.' In doing so, it is important to keep in mind the law enforcement agencies' weaknesses at the time. First, a tendency to exaggerate data: widespread corruption justifies an increase in the police force's resources, thus increasing its importance in the political system. However, the police might also, on occasion, choose the opposite route by underestimating the scope of criminality. Minimising economic infractions gives the impression that the law enforcement agencies are doing a good job, thus reinforcing their leaders' positions. Moreover, it is possible that the police make mistakes as to those suspected or accused. Nonetheless, studies on corruption based on material from law enforcement sources remain very valuable. So far, despite an increasing openness regarding the Soviet period, corruption in the 1980s has not yet been analysed using primary sources from law enforcement agencies. The second aspect is connected with the KGB's influence in Soviet society. One" }, { "paper": "2093572753", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2004", "title": "review the international containment of displaced persons humanitarian spaces without exit", "label": [ "104513104", "179179568" ], "author": [ "2170968118" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review: The International Containment of Displaced Persons: Humanitarian Spaces without Exit", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1973815993", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2004", "title": "parresiastic stakeholders a different approach to ethical institutions", "label": [ "171773132", "2776932993", "111476811", "119232533", "201305675", "46934059", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2681607190" ], "reference": [ "5710096", "34961367", "1487431305", "1541515907", "2122613483" ], "abstract": "are we really in need of new ethical institutions that regulate and control the ethical quality of corporate behavior the various scandals enron worldonline ahold prove that ethical institutions as well as deontological codes public social commitments social annual reports directly linked to financial overviews are not enough to prevent fraud corruption or bribery does the existence of those institutions partly provoke and legitimize the unbridled and immense power of organizational and ceo non ethical behavior and window dressing do we need more separate ethical institutions is it possible to outsource the competence of an ethical corporate and personal moral responsibility to another separate institution do people and corporations still feel the confrontation with moral dilemmas with the institutionalizing of a part of that responsibility to an anonymous body and won t this ethical control lead to a further alienation of the micro level personal responsibility to the macro performance of the market and organizations this article focuses on the counterpart of the institution tomorrow s stakeholder the stakeholder of tomorrow the manager the ceo the consumer the employee the civil servant embodies the complexity of the multi paradigmatic business ethics debate two aspects of tomorrow s stakeholders presence will be discussed their moral attitude and emancipative communication", "title_raw": "Parr\u00e8siastic Stakeholders: A Different Approach to Ethical Institutions", "abstract_raw": "Are we really in need of (new) ethical institutions that regulate and control the ethical quality of corporate behavior? The various scandals (Enron, WorldOnline, Ahold) prove that ethical institutions, as well as deontological codes, public social commitments, social annual reports directly linked to financial overviews, are not enough to prevent fraud, corruption or bribery. Does the existence of those institutions partly provoke and legitimize the unbridled and immense power of organizational and CEO-(non-ethical) behavior and window-dressing? Do we need more separate ethical institutions? Is it possible to outsource the competence of an ethical corporate and personal moral responsibility to another, separate institution? Do people and corporations still feel the confrontation with moral dilemmas with the institutionalizing of a part of that responsibility to an anonymous body? And won't this ethical control lead to a further alienation of the micro level personal responsibility to the macro performance of the market and organizations? This article focuses on the counterpart of the institution: tomorrow's stakeholder. The stakeholder of tomorrow (the manager, the CEO, the consumer, the employee, the civil servant...) embodies the complexity of the multi-paradigmatic business ethics debate. Two aspects of tomorrow's stakeholders' presence will be discussed: their moral attitude and emancipative communication." }, { "paper": "2015716244", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2004", "title": "the good the bad and the ugly perceptions of public relations practitioners", "label": [ "39549134", "2779509655" ], "author": [ "2181837296" ], "reference": [ "611999099", "646950657", "1491649761", "1548352164", "1964486258", "1980590117", "1980757883", "1984732227", "1990474114", "2003814602", "2017357473", "2023208190", "2023945620", "2031473829", "2040721962", "2084657575", "2120061261", "2128141292", "2159597035", "3151657400" ], "abstract": "public perception of public relations practitioners was measured using a telephone survey with a source manipulation experiment interwoven into a standard opinion poll the nationwide sample n 593 revealed that sources affiliated with the organization on whose behalf they speak are viewed more negatively than unaffiliated sources in addition public relations practitioners were judged no more critically than other affiliated sources finally a multiitem measure of public relations in general demonstrated that perceptions of practitioners are stable across demographics", "title_raw": "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Perceptions of Public Relations Practitioners", "abstract_raw": "Public perception of public relations practitioners was measured using a telephone survey with a source manipulation experiment interwoven into a standard opinion poll. The nationwide sample (N = 593) revealed that sources affiliated with the organization on whose behalf they speak are viewed more negatively than unaffiliated sources. In addition, public relations practitioners were judged no more critically than other affiliated sources. Finally, a multiitem measure of public relations in general demonstrated that perceptions of practitioners are stable across demographics." }, { "paper": "20528155", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2004", "title": "homeland calling exile patriotism and the balkan wars book", "label": [ "2778880830", "2776786559" ], "author": [ "228122699" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Homeland Calling: Exile Patriotism and the Balkan Wars (Book)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "26263670", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2004", "title": "book reviews hubert tworzecki learning to choose electoral politics in east central europe", "label": [ "2777606202" ], "author": [ "2429604590" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Reviews: Hubert Tworzecki, Learning to Choose: Electoral Politics in East-Central Europe.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2007160070", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2004", "title": "the changing debate on internationalisation of higher education", "label": [ "2119116", "120912362", "2781316041", "2779177650" ], "author": [ "1986707429" ], "reference": [ "174674598", "332065888", "605928721", "617157131", "618215763", "644988519", "1480405236", "1541236377", "1574517605", "1594863971", "1968203997", "1971243330", "1977966786", "2021557358", "2031968188", "2062844834", "2084913772", "2094596123", "2144241101", "2144325930", "2155818118", "2291528045", "2323020924", "2496618090", "2741612107", "2778555048" ], "abstract": "internationalisation the growing border crossing activities between national systems of higher education is losing ground to globalisation increasing border crossing activities of blurred national systems which is often employed to depict world wide trends and growing global competition this article addresses recent issues of knowledge transfer it points out tensions between increasing diversity in higher education and efforts to facilitate recognition of prior studies on student mobility it shows the diversity of steering and management policies with respect to internationalisation and globalisation finally it asks whether globalisation of higher education has to be viewed as a manifestation of turbo capitalism or could be viewed instead as a move towards global understanding", "title_raw": "The changing debate on internationalisation of higher education", "abstract_raw": "\u201cInternationalisation\u201d, the growing border-crossing activities between national systems of higher education is losing ground to \u201cglobalisation\u201d, increasing border-crossing activities of blurred national systems which is often employed to depict world-wide trends and growing global competition. This article addresses recent issues of knowledge transfer. It points out tensions between increasing diversity in higher education and efforts to facilitate recognition of prior studies on student mobility. It shows the diversity of steering and management policies with respect to internationalisation and globalisation. Finally, it asks whether globalisation of higher education has to be viewed as a manifestation of \u201cturbo-capitalism\u201d or could be viewed instead as a move towards \u201cglobal understanding\u201d." }, { "paper": "2148948369", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2004", "title": "measuring ethnic fractionalization in africa", "label": [ "71735400", "137403100", "173278631", "94625758", "125209646", "2781316041" ], "author": [ "2169722139" ], "reference": [ "1482178678", "1508942962", "1526974435", "1537646239", "1570462231", "1754443768", "1991128340", "1997841878", "2027231509", "2038691040", "2041692102", "2044507790", "2046023264", "2047665426", "2073874107", "2076316673", "2077166376", "2082080397", "2110621615", "2115476019", "2119210910", "2133369488", "2138789663", "2149758946", "2315276129", "2410836406", "2477532354", "2480696513", "3121654483", "3122704328", "3122705141", "3122947389", "3122992642", "3123876308", "3124884636", "3125389448", "3126105906" ], "abstract": "in most studies of the impact of ethnic diversity on economic growth diversity is hypothesized to affect growth through its effect on macroeconomic policies this article shows that most measures of ethnic diversity including the commonly used elf measure are inappropriate for testing this hypothesis this is because they are constructed from enumerations of ethnic groups that include all of the ethnographically distinct groups in a country irrespective of whether or not they engage in the political competition whose effects on macroeconomic policy making are being tested i present a new index of ethnic fractionalization based on an accounting of politically relevant ethnic groups in 42 african countries i employ this measure called preg for politically relevant ethnic groups to replicate easterly and levine s influential article on africa s growth tragedy i find that preg does a much better job of accounting for the policy mediated effects of ethnic diversity on economic growth in africa than does elf", "title_raw": "Measuring ethnic fractionalization in Africa", "abstract_raw": "In most studies of the impact of ethnic diversity on economic growth, diversity is hypothesized to affect growth through its effect on macroeconomic policies. This article shows that most measures of ethnic diversity (including the commonly used ELF measure) are inappropriate for testing this hypothesis. This is because they are constructed from enumerations of ethnic groups that include all of the ethnographically distinct groups in a country irrespective of whether or not they engage in the political competition whose effects on macroeconomic policy making are being tested. I present a new index of ethnic fractionalization based on an accounting of politically relevant ethnic groups in 42 African countries. I employ this measure (called PREG, for Politically Relevant Ethnic Groups) to replicate Easterly and Levine's influential article on Africa's growth tragedy. I find that PREG does a Much better job of accounting for the policy-mediated effects of ethnic diversity on economic growth in Africa than does ELF." }, { "paper": "2019661908", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2004", "title": "the oil boom in equatorial guinea", "label": [ "148834064", "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "148043326" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in less than a decade equatorial guinea has transformed itself from an african backwater into one of the world s fastest growing economies and a sought after political partner in the gulf of guinea the sole reason for this transformation has been the discovery of oil and gas this article outlines the rise of equatorial guinea as one of africa s leading oilproducing countries and investigates the political economic and social effects of becoming a petro state the article is based on the author s field research in equatorial guinea in the autumn of 2003 and interviews with senior oil company staff government officials and staff of international organizations as well as secondary sources this research demonstrates how reliance on oil and gas exports can lead to profound changes in a country s political economy", "title_raw": "The oil boom in Equatorial Guinea", "abstract_raw": "In less than a decade, Equatorial Guinea has transformed itself from an African backwater into one of the world\u2019s fastest growing economies and a sought-after political partner in the Gulf of Guinea. The sole reason for this transformation has been the discovery of oil and gas. This article outlines the rise of Equatorial Guinea as one of Africa\u2019s leading oilproducing countries and investigates the political, economic and social effects of becoming a petro-state. The article is based on the author\u2019s field research in Equatorial Guinea in the autumn of 2003 and interviews with senior oil company staff, government officials and staff of international organizations as well as secondary sources. This research demonstrates how reliance on oil and gas exports can lead to profound changes in a country\u2019s political economy." }, { "paper": "1597023673", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "a vast machine standards as social technology", "label": [ "39549134", "142947238", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2106981529" ], "reference": [ "239900200", "1523406909", "2001783709", "2050628209", "2178184892", "2313663726" ], "abstract": "universal standards for measuring recording and transmitting data are crucial components of the global meteorological observing system allowing data collected at one place and time to be compared meaningfully with data collected elsewhere and or at other times without these standards we would be unable to detect global climate change in his essay edwards charts the evolution of global weather data standards since the 1850s many standards have gradually been embodied in automatic instruments and computer programs but enforcing standards nevertheless requires substantial discipline on the part of humans and institutions since the 1980s climate politics have provoked much controversy over data quality sometimes resurrecting debates that these standards were intended to settle", "title_raw": "\"A Vast Machine\": Standards as Social Technology", "abstract_raw": "Universal standards for measuring, recording, and transmitting data are crucial components of the global meteorological observing system, allowing data collected at one place and time to be compared meaningfully with data collected elsewhere and/or at other times. Without these standards, we would be unable to detect global climate change. In his essay,\n Edwards\n charts the evolution of global weather data standards since the 1850s. Many standards have gradually been embodied in automatic instruments and computer programs, but enforcing standards nevertheless requires substantial discipline on the part of humans and institutions. Since the 1980s, climate politics have provoked much controversy over data quality, sometimes resurrecting debates that these standards were intended to settle." }, { "paper": "2098937508", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2004", "title": "consequences of the rehnquist court s federalism decisions for congressional lawmaking", "label": [ "199539241", "533735693", "2778680907", "2777351106", "17319257" ], "author": [ "2530895308" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "scholars generally agree on the doctrinal significance of the rehnquist court s post 1990 federalism decisions but there is less agreement about the consequences of these decisions a previous study examined the direct consequences of these decisions by inquiring into the extent to which congress was able to revise and reenact statutes that were struck down by the court but it left unexamined the effects on congress s ability to legislate in other areas this article assesses the indirect consequences of these decisions by tracing their effects on the drafting of and debate over bills other than the ones directly invalidated by the court it turns out that these decisions have had only a limited effect on congress s ability to draft constitutionally acceptable legislation but they have had an important effect on the debate over the passage of several pieces of legislation whether by handing opponents arguments to oppose the bills or by providing members of congress with means to explain voles that would otherwise be difficult to defend copyright 2004 oxford university press", "title_raw": "Consequences of the Rehnquist Court's Federalism Decisions for Congressional Lawmaking", "abstract_raw": "Scholars generally agree on the doctrinal significance of the Rehnquist Court's post-1990 federalism decisions, but there is less agreement about the consequences of these decisions. A previous study examined the direct consequences of these decisions, by inquiring into the extent to which Congress was able to revise and reenact statutes that were struck down by the Court, but it left unexamined the effects on Congress's ability to legislate in other areas. This article assesses the indirect consequences of these decisions by tracing their effects on the drafting of and debate over bills other than the ones directly invalidated by the Court. It turns out that these decisions have had only a limited effect on Congress's ability to draft constitutionally acceptable legislation, but they have had an important effect on the debate over the passage of several pieces of legislation, whether by handing opponents arguments to oppose the bills or by providing members of Congress with means to explain voles that would otherwise be difficult to defend. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press." }, { "paper": "1903685304", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "government dangles fresh carrots to dispirited scientific community", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "249045935" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "paris in a bid to prevent a mass walkout by its scientists the french government has aired new concessions on research support", "title_raw": "Government Dangles Fresh Carrots to Dispirited Scientific Community", "abstract_raw": "PARIS-- In a bid to prevent a mass walkout by its scientists, the French government has aired new concessions on research support." }, { "paper": "2019864366", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "a case for conservation", "label": [ "2777045944", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2327100045", "2098939385", "2158986336" ], "reference": [ "1507594981" ], "abstract": "china urgently needs to take action to preserve its wealth of biodiversity say chung i wu suhua shi and ya ping zhang", "title_raw": "A case for conservation.", "abstract_raw": "China urgently needs to take action to preserve its wealth of biodiversity, say Chung-I Wu, Suhua Shi and Ya-ping Zhang." }, { "paper": "2060497561", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2004", "title": "an inhospitable environment for women", "label": [ "2777673361", "2780090960", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2197454372" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "on behalf of the association of american state geologists i take exception to the portrayal of state geological surveys as inhospitable places for women entering the profession random samples in the news 14 nov p 1147 according to this item 8 of newly hired ph d s at state surveys are women while 25 of u s geoscience ph d s in the past decade were awarded to women however it should be noted that qualified female geoscientists are increasingly difficult to recruit for state geological survey jobs because of stiff salary competition from academia and industry two thirds of state geological surveys are within state agencies the others being affiliated with academia and state government jobs are notoriously lower paying than academic and industry jobs moreover because of the lack of turnover within most state surveys the prospects for career advancement for either gender are limited hence state surveys are at a hiring disadvantage among those qualified women geoscience ph d s who desire well paying jobs with faster career tracks", "title_raw": "An inhospitable environment for women", "abstract_raw": "On behalf of the Association of American State Geologists, I take exception to the portrayal of state geological surveys as \u201cinhospitable places for women entering the profession\u201d (Random Samples, \u201cIn the news,\u201d 14 Nov., p. 1147). According to this item, 8% of newly hired Ph.D.s at state surveys are women, while 25% of U.S. geoscience Ph.D.s in the past decade were awarded to women. However, it should be noted that qualified female geoscientists are increasingly difficult to recruit for state geological survey jobs because of stiff salary competition from academia and industry. Two-thirds of state geological surveys are within state agencies (the others being affiliated with academia), and state government jobs are notoriously lower paying than academic and industry jobs. Moreover, because of the lack of turnover within most state surveys, the prospects for career advancement for either gender are limited. Hence, state surveys are at a hiring disadvantage among those qualified women geoscience Ph.D.s who desire well-paying jobs with faster career tracks." }, { "paper": "1511167942", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2004", "title": "international justice and the international criminal court between sovereignty and the rule of law", "label": [ "2776243541", "204342414", "185436325", "199539241", "183763965", "2776847301", "522003407", "202565627", "55447825" ], "author": [ "2020973154" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "introduction part i international criminal law i scope ii from national to international responsibility iii the rule of law and international accountability part ii practice iv the international criminal court v national proceedings including amnesties vi universal jurisdiction vii immunity viii icc enforcement cooperation of states including the security council ix cornerstone or stumbling block the united states and the icc part iii conclusion systemic change and international justice sources index", "title_raw": "International justice and the International Criminal Court : between sovereignty and the rule of law", "abstract_raw": "Introduction PART I INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW I. Scope II. From National to International Responsibility III. The Rule of Law and International Accountability PART II PRACTICE IV. The International Criminal Court V. National Proceedings (Including Amnesties) VI. Universal Jurisdiction VII. Immunity VIII. ICC Enforcement: Cooperation of States, Including the Security Council IX. Cornerstone or Stumbling Block? The United States and the ICC PART III CONCLUSION: SYSTEMIC CHANGE AND INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE Sources Index" }, { "paper": "1995631589", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2004", "title": "examining city resident relationships linking community relations relationship building activities and satisfaction evaluations", "label": [ "39549134", "2776640315" ], "author": [ "2042880918", "2179854557", "2636588976" ], "reference": [ "223061529", "654522647", "1495928467", "1508334491", "1557547282", "1608816133", "1643442410", "1804250322", "1968973086", "1972575379", "1989370732", "1989633113", "1990807804", "2000556368", "2010033753", "2013570228", "2019098934", "2019889574", "2020691622", "2028275946", "2032218291", "2040083362", "2043392614", "2047168524", "2055942833", "2056285348", "2057683109", "2067310073", "2078356491", "2079087248", "2085684184", "2090364572", "2093804816", "2112693401", "2119861206", "2139857265", "2173126437", "2478687585", "2478847408", "2999099443", "3005471059", "3086675720", "3089047915" ], "abstract": "abstract on average housing is the single largest expenditure in american household budgets although housing commands a large percentage of many budgets very little research has been conducted to examine the ways in which public community relations activities may affect resident evaluations of living in a municipality the current investigation examines city resident relationships evaluations of housing satisfaction and evaluations of city services to determine the ways in which each of these variables may affect resident perceptions of whether the city has fallen short met or exceeded the expectations of the respondent the results show that the city resident relationship is an important influencer and suggest that public relations managers should be aware of the ways in which relationship building activity can affect positively resident attitudes evaluations and intended behaviors the findings are discussed and implications for the study and practice of public relations are considered", "title_raw": "Examining city\u2013resident relationships: linking community relations, relationship building activities, and satisfaction evaluations", "abstract_raw": "Abstract On average, housing is the single largest expenditure in American household budgets. Although housing commands a large percentage of many budgets, very little research has been conducted to examine the ways in which public/community relations activities may affect resident evaluations of living in a municipality. The current investigation examines city\u2013resident relationships, evaluations of housing satisfaction, and evaluations of city services to determine the ways in which each of these variables may affect resident perceptions of whether the city has fallen short, met, or exceeded the expectations of the respondent. The results show that the city\u2013resident relationship is an important influencer, and suggest that public relations managers should be aware of the ways in which relationship building activity can affect positively resident attitudes, evaluations, and intended behaviors. The findings are discussed and implications for the study and practice of public relations are considered." }, { "paper": "2104812312", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2004", "title": "nato the practice and politics of transformation", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758", "2778431023" ], "author": [ "2479789251" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the iraq crisis caused a deep rift in us european relations and within europe nato seemed sure at least to be damaged if not fatally undermined but to the dismay of those who have been waiting for many years for nato finally to unravel the atlantic alliance spent 2003 proudly showing off its transformation project and looking forward to its next enlargement in 2004 yet these necessary improvements to nato s political and military structures and to its deployable capability cannot alone secure the alliance s future this article argues that what is needed as ever is a shared determination among governments that nato can continue to serve their needs there has been no better opportunity since the end of the cold war to place the us european security relationship on a firm footing through nato there has also been no moment when the penalties of failure have been higher if nato s transformation agenda together with the nato eu berlin plus arrangement are not exploited to the full then us european security relations are unlikely to recover from iraq", "title_raw": "NATO: the practice and politics of transformation", "abstract_raw": "The Iraq crisis caused a deep rift in US\u2013European relations and within Europe. NATO seemed sure at least to be damaged, if not fatally undermined. But to the dismay of those who have been waiting for many years for NATO finally to unravel, the Atlantic alliance spent 2003 proudly showing off its transformation project, and looking forward to its next enlargement in 2004. Yet these necessary improvements to NATO's political and military structures, and to its deployable capability, cannot alone secure the alliance's future. This article argues that what is needed, as ever, is a shared determination among governments that NATO can continue to serve their needs. There has been no better opportunity since the end of the Cold War to place the US-European security relationship on a firm footing through NATO. There has also been no moment when the penalties of failure have been higher. If NATO's transformation agenda, together with the NATO\u2013EU \u2018Berlin Plus\u2019 arrangement, are not exploited to the full, then US-European security relations are unlikely to recover from Iraq." }, { "paper": "2153544862", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2004", "title": "does my bomb look big in this britain s nuclear choices after trident", "label": [ "194110935", "148834064", "199539241", "2781440851", "94625758", "2780400262" ], "author": [ "2141655031" ], "reference": [ "1975486804", "2026902083" ], "abstract": "the united kingdom s present strategic nuclear deterrent the trident submarine based system has been in full operation for less than four years but the government will have to consider questions about the follow on to this system before the end of this parliament and its successor government will almost certainly have to start taking and implementing decisions before 2008 9 in the past political and public debates about the uk s nuclear weapons tended to flow forward on their own technical momentum backed by the strategic imperatives of the cold war the next successor decisions however will be made in an era where both the technical questions and the strategic environment will be radically different there may or may not be another vigorous public debate but the present and next government will face some fundamental", "title_raw": "Does my bomb look big in this? Britain's nuclear choices after Trident", "abstract_raw": "The United Kingdom's present strategic nuclear deterrent, the Trident submarine-based system, has been in full operation for less than four years. But the government will have to consider questions about the follow-on to this system before the end of this parliament and its successor government will almost certainly have to start taking, and implementing, decisions before 2008\u20139. In the past, political and public debates about the UK's nuclear weapons tended to flow forward on their own technical momentum, backed by the strategic imperatives of the Cold War. The next successor decisions, however, will be made in an era where both the technical questions and the strategic environment will be radically different. There may or may not be another vigorous public debate, but the present, and next, government will face some fundamental" }, { "paper": "2551811683", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2004", "title": "the end of the chalabi affair", "label": [ "3651065" ], "author": [ "2025115558", "2124442188", "2161713357" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The End of the Chalabi Affair", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1486538478", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2004", "title": "review of marching on washington the forging of an american political tradition", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2072592203" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of Marching on Washington: The Forging of an American Political Tradition.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2107738111", "venue": "98137347", "year": "2004", "title": "legitimacy and adoption of a scientific biological control program an institutional analysis of hoddle", "label": [ "46295352", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2520106127" ], "reference": [ "1965278510" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Legitimacy and Adoption of a Scientific Biological Control Program: an Institutional Analysis of Hoddle", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1963887631", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2004", "title": "governance governance everywhere john d donahue and joseph s nye jr eds 2001 governance amid bigger better markets washington dc brookings institution press 354 pp and john d donahue and joseph s nye jr eds 2002 market based governance supply side demand side upside and downside washington dc brookings institution press 368 pp", "label": [ "2780510313" ], "author": [ "2669923506" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Governance, Governance Everywhere. John D. Donahue and Joseph S. Nye Jr., eds. 2001. Governance amid Bigger, Better Markets. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. 354 pp. and John D. Donahue and Joseph S. Nye Jr., eds. 2002. Market-Based Governance: Supply Side, Demand Side, Upside, and Downside. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. 368 pp.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2075570196", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2004", "title": "knowledge as power science military dominance and u s security", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2622381390" ], "reference": [ "89933904", "91517862", "133301994", "197781555", "278268395", "315498927", "583632214", "646143465", "1539142549", "1540674574", "1578327245", "1977037734", "1989755239", "2013102617", "2016514979", "2019414292", "2021046487", "2022147055", "2030287307", "2054816340", "2061643158", "2084110329", "2098315400", "2148084882", "2148310770", "2326631485", "2796157453", "2800131656", "3033092929", "3134853862" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Knowledge as Power: Science, Military Dominance, and U.S. Security", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2052755841", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2004", "title": "the refugee convention at fifty a view from forced migration studies", "label": [ "2780608745", "541189924", "199539241", "173145845" ], "author": [ "2571592684", "2755425948" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Refugee Convention At Fifty: A View from Forced Migration Studies", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2049370322", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2004", "title": "nation state europe and national revival in hungarian party politics the case of the millennial commemorations", "label": [ "2777138209", "2777533384", "2779740382", "2775910013", "2775987171", "2778407155", "3116431", "11293438", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2668891896" ], "reference": [ "2118882740" ], "abstract": "post communist transformation confronts all countries involved with questions of state redefinition the strains that can be generated by these questions have been most evident and most examined in states newly emerged from the czechoslovak soviet or yugoslav federations and or those with significant ethnic minorities however even in relatively old and ethnically homogeneous states these issues cannot be tackled without engaging varying understandings of the national identity and the relationship between state and nation this article investigates the conceptions of the nature and purpose of the state presented by party political elites in one such state hungary hungary s relative ethnic homogeneity means that there has been no significant practical contestation about which national group the post communist state is of and for in brubaker s terms 2 that is questions have not arisen about public language use for example as between the language of the state s titular nationality and another minority national group as has occurred in several other post communist countries with larger and less assimilated minorities similarly hungary s well established status has obviated any need to excavate a little known national past to legitimate the state s existence as then prime minister viktor orbtin commented in 1999 hungarians could forget the word invent hungary hungary was invented quite well enough a thousand years ago by st stephen himself 3 however a national question has consistently been identified as the single dominant dimension of the country s post communist party competition 4 partly this dimension comprises familiar left right differences over secularism and progressivism versus religiosity and cultural and social traditionalism however in the hungarian context as in many others these differences also encompass divergent understandings of the national identity and of the nature and value of nationhood in general in this respect elite political competition since 1990 in part continues a central debate of modem hungarian political and intellectual life about what the hungarian nation is and what its relationship to the hungarian state should be 6 prior to the 1920 treaty of trianon this debate indeed partly concerned the relationship between hungarians groups by then identified as being of other nationalities and the hungarian state since the", "title_raw": "Nation, State, Europe and national revival in Hungarian party politics: the case of the millennial commemorations", "abstract_raw": "POST-COMMUNIST TRANSFORMATION CONFRONTS all countries involved with questions of state redefinition. The strains that can be generated by these questions have been most evident, and most examined, in states newly emerged from the Czechoslovak, Soviet or Yugoslav federations and/or those with significant ethnic minorities. However, even in relatively old and ethnically homogeneous states, these issues cannot be tackled without engaging varying understandings of the national identity and the relationship between state and nation.! This article investigates the conceptions of the nature and purpose of the state presented by party political elites in one such state, Hungary. Hungary's relative ethnic homogeneity means that there has been no significant practical contestation about which national group the post-communist state is 'of and for', in Brubaker's terms.2 That is, questions have not arisen about public language use, for example (as between the language of the state's titular nationality and another, minority, national group), as has occurred in several other post-communist countries with larger and less assimilated minorities. Similarly, Hungary's well-established status has obviated any need to excavate a little-known national past to legitimate the state's existence. As then Prime Minister Viktor Orbtin commented in 1999, Hungarians could 'forget the word, invent Hungary. Hungary was invented quite well enough a thousand years ago, by St Stephen himself'.3 However, a 'national question' has consistently been identified as the single dominant dimension of the country's post-communist party competition.4 Partly, this dimension comprises familiar left-right differences over secularism and progressivism versus religiosity and cultural and social traditionalism. However, in the Hungarian context, as in many others, these differences also encompass divergent understandings of the national identity and of the nature and value of nationhood in general.\" In this respect, elite political competition since 1990 in part continues a central debate of modem Hungarian political and intellectual life, about what the Hungarian nation is and what its relationship to the Hungarian state should be.6 Prior to the 1920 Treaty of Trianon this debate indeed partly concerned the relationship between Hungarians, groups by then identified as being of other nationalities, and the Hungarian state. Since the" }, { "paper": "2131595767", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2004", "title": "the reluctant dragon crisis cycles in chinese foreign economic policy by lawrence c reardon seattle wa university of washington press 2002 355 pp 34 50 isbn 0 295 8121 0", "label": [ "191935318", "2778061430", "2781301651", "2775987171", "46295352", "2780171897", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "1932539211" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Reluctant Dragon: Crisis Cycles in Chinese Foreign Economic Policy . By LAWRENCE C. REARDON. [Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2002. 355 pp. \u00a334.50. ISBN 0-295-8121-0.]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2806406476", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2004", "title": "ruth needleman black freedom fighters in steel the struggle for democratic unionism ithaca cornell university press 2003 pp xi 305 cloth 47 50 paper 19 95", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2151048913" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ruth Needleman. Black Freedom Fighters in Steel: The Struggle for Democratic Unionism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 2003. Pp. xi, 305. Cloth $47.50, paper $19.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2142390389", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2004", "title": "the politics of european referendum outcomes and turnout two models", "label": [ "94625758", "2779838221", "3116431", "2781462389" ], "author": [ "1226131217", "2112237670" ], "reference": [ "38353494", "107865217", "125599552", "329697079", "639712379", "1529927741", "1964525343", "1966989238", "1989517976", "2008533106", "2063840234", "2067341759", "2087243505", "2089620345", "2095856617", "2098146914", "2120231295", "2120653742", "2121868832", "2145186724", "2155808722", "2172200906", "2312896553", "2486967194", "3123226604", "3152371981" ], "abstract": "this survey briefly examines the eu accession process for the countries included in this collection and considers the distinctive features of this set of referendums particularly the comparatively high levels of yes vote and low levels of turnout it argues that although they represent a distinctive sub type of european referendum they can be used as a basis to draw at least tentative comparative and theoretical conclusions consequently it then posits causal models that both provide an analytical framework for this collection and more broadly attempt to explain the results and turnout in these and potentially other european referendums", "title_raw": "The politics of European referendum outcomes and turnout: two models", "abstract_raw": "This survey briefly examines the EU accession process for the countries included in this collection and considers the distinctive features of this set of referendums, particularly the comparatively high levels of Yes vote and low levels of turnout. It argues that, although they represent a distinctive sub-type of European referendum, they can be used as a basis to draw at least tentative comparative and theoretical conclusions. Consequently, it then posits causal models that both provide an analytical framework for this collection and, more broadly, attempt to explain the results and turnout in these and, potentially, other (European) referendums." }, { "paper": "3003240244", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2004", "title": "social inclusion new regionalism and associational government in queensland", "label": [ "549326192" ], "author": [ "3003873233", "2009428853", "2970399126" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Social inclusion, new regionalism and associational government in Queensland", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2495704198", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2004", "title": "middle east politics and power plays", "label": [ "2776051254", "94625758", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2145820538" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Middle East: politics and power plays", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2094588540", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2005", "title": "what we owe iraq war and the ethics of nation buildingby noah feldman", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2460922435" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "What We Owe Iraq: War and the Ethics of Nation Buildingby Noah Feldman", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2798131112", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2005", "title": "labor dispute resolution in china implications for labor rights and legal reform by v irginia h arper h o berkeley ca institute of east asian studies university of california 2003 viii 270 pp 18 00 isbn 1 55729 082 2", "label": [ "191935318", "113684855", "131676636" ], "author": [ "2797252893" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Labor Dispute Resolution in China: Implications for Labor Rights and Legal Reform . By V IRGINIA H ARPER H O . [Berkeley, CA: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 2003. viii+270 pp. $18.00. ISBN 1-55729-082-2.]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1508666310", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "case probes what s fair game in the search for new drugs", "label": [ "199539241", "34974158", "2778272461" ], "author": [ "91872485" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "u s patent lawthis month the u s supreme court will hear oral arguments in a patent case that could alter the ground rules for intellectual property claims across many areas of basic research", "title_raw": "Case Probes What's Fair Game in the Search for New Drugs", "abstract_raw": "U.S. PATENT LAWThis month, the U.S. Supreme Court will hear oral arguments in a patent case that could alter the ground rules for intellectual property claims across many areas of basic research." }, { "paper": "2045753973", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2005", "title": "selling the market short the marketplace of ideas and the iraq war", "label": [ "2776742560", "2777582232", "2778061430", "93377909", "94625758", "2778969159", "2780400262" ], "author": [ "2064843279", "2145705411" ], "reference": [ "654798922", "1989665420", "2005370300", "2018937339", "2083102777", "2329087729" ], "abstract": "chaim kaufmann s recent article on the selling of the iraq war makes a valuable contribution both to the debate over the origins of that war and to scholarship on threat inflation i agree with much of his argument george w bush s administration misled the public on iraq s weapons of mass destruction wmd capability its control over information helped skew the public debate and the media were insufficiently critical of its claims i take issue however with kaufmann s contention that the white house enjoys unparalleled authority in foreign policy matters and that this mainly accounts for the administration s success in contrast i suggest an alternative explanation rooted in the transformative impact of the september 11 attacks on political contest in the united states", "title_raw": "Selling the Market Short? The Marketplace of Ideas and the Iraq War", "abstract_raw": "Chaim Kaufmann's recent article on the selling of the Iraq war makes a valuable contribution both to the debate over the origins of that war and to scholarship on threat inflation.' I agree with much of his argument: George W. Bush's administration misled the public on Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) capability; its control over information helped skew the public debate; and the media were insufficiently critical of its claims. I take issue, however, with Kaufmann's contention that the White House enjoys unparalleled authority in foreign policy matters and that this mainly accounts for the administration's success. In contrast, I suggest an alternative explanation rooted in the transformative impact of the September 11 attacks on political contest in the United States." }, { "paper": "2382199766", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2005", "title": "on the level and classification of higher educational institutions under the background of enrollment expansion in china", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2354013138" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "it is an important principle to run higher educational institutions by different levels in our country there were very different social facts and policy orientation between 1980s and 1990 as a kind of policy prospect the key to running school by level is how to stratify the different universities now there are still lots of negative influencing factors we should put the universities into the same competitive environment and let the universities form their own features in it", "title_raw": "On the level and classification of higher educational institutions under the background of enrollment expansion in China", "abstract_raw": "It is an important principle to run higher educational institutions by different levels in our country. There were very different social facts and policy orientation between 1980s and 1990. As a kind of policy prospect, the key to running school by level is how to stratify the different universities. Now there are still lots of negative influencing factors. We should put the universities into the same competitive environment and let the universities form their own features in it." }, { "paper": "2080978234", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "barton draws critics", "label": [ "2780966255", "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "91872485" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "political fires are burning hot over an inquiry by a house panel into a paleo climate analysis that shows a rise in temperature in the 20th century a congressional investigation is probably not the best way to resolve a scientific issue says ralph cicerone the new president of the national academy of sciences in a 15 july letter to energy and commerce panel chair joe barton r tx barton had asked the national science foundation and several climate scientists for information on methodological flaws and data errors in papers published in 1998 and 1999 by michael mann of the university of virginia charlottesville science 1 july p 31 1 other critics of barton s queries include house science committee chair sherwood boehlert r ny who calls it misguided and illegitimate aaas which publishes science and 20 prominent u s climate scientists who wrote to support mann s conclusions this week barton calls his questions a routine matter of oversight 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 309 5731 31c", "title_raw": "Barton Draws Critics", "abstract_raw": "Political fires are burning hot over an inquiry by a House panel into a paleo- climate analysis that shows a rise in temperature in the 20th century. \u201cA congressional investigation \u2026 is probably not the best way to resolve a scientific issue,\u201d says Ralph Cicerone, the new president of the National Academy of Sciences, in a 15 July letter to Energy and Commerce panel chair Joe Barton (R-TX).\n\nBarton had asked the National Science Foundation and several climate scientists for information on \u201cmethodological flaws and data errors\u201d in papers published in 1998 and 1999 by Michael Mann of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville ( Science , 1 July, p. [31][1]). Other critics of Barton's queries include House Science Committee chair Sherwood Boehlert (R-NY), who calls it \u201cmisguided and illegitimate\u201d; AAAS, which publishes Science ; and 20 prominent U.S. climate scientists who wrote to support Mann's conclusions this week. Barton calls his questions a \u201croutine matter of oversight.\u201d\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.309.5731.31c" }, { "paper": "2163890047", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2005", "title": "moral issues and voter decision making in the 2004 presidential election", "label": [ "3116431", "2776051254", "59742305", "2776129789", "2779220109" ], "author": [ "2254831310", "2172220433" ], "reference": [ "1790571247", "1970616339", "1977999485", "2097867396", "2106977693", "2125499264", "2329648039", "2411580857" ], "abstract": "president bush s victory the approval of every anti gay marriage amendment on statewide ballots and an emphasis on moral values among voters showed the power of churchgoing americans in this election and threw the nation s religious divide into stark relief associated press november 4 2004", "title_raw": "Moral Issues and Voter Decision Making in the 2004 Presidential Election", "abstract_raw": "\u201cPresident Bush's victory, the approval of every anti-gay marriage amendment on statewide ballots and an emphasis on \u2018moral values\u2019 among voters showed the power of churchgoing Americans in this election and threw the nation's religious divide into stark relief.\u201d Associated Press , November 4, 2004" }, { "paper": "2005552966", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "resiliency in the face of disaster", "label": [ "2777042776", "129230348" ], "author": [ "2101019043", "2013496878" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "t he devastating december 2004 sumatran earthquake and tsunami the largest modern natural disaster in terms of people and area affected is just one grim reminder that societies today are facing increasingly diverse and costly natural and human triggered threats many trends are exacerbating the risks more people are concentrating in coastal areas where threats of flooding and storms are heightened and climate change and sea level rise will amplify these risks terrorists have attacked the infrastructures of cities population movements along with global trade and transport heighten the odds of disease pandemics see the editorial on p 989 such diverse and in many cases unpredictable threats have led to renewed efforts to improve the resiliency of cities and societies overall this special issue surveys some of these emerging approaches both for preparing for diverse disasters before they happen and for dealing with them afterward two viewpoints emphasize related aspects of developing social systems that are resilient to unexpected and diverse threats allenby and fink p 1034 1 discuss strengthening infrastructure cities and individual businesses whereas adger et al p 1036 highlight steps for improving the safety of coastal regions both emphasize that there are steps that can be taken now that will increase security and help society even if a disaster does not strike for example preserving natural ecosystems such as reefs diversifies coastal economies which can enhance recovery from disasters the insurance industry is being called on to help in disaster recovery and to guide preparedness in developed and developing nations alike mills p 1040 2 examines how the industry must adapt to deal with climate change in turn linnerooth bayer et al p 1044 survey some initial approaches that are being developed and tested to expand insurance coverage of these risks to poorer nations a major difficulty in recovery from disasters is dealing with the lasting effects they have on the mental health of affected populations a news story by miller p 1030 3 describes what is perhaps the broadest effort to date to deal with the psychosocial consequences of disasters and the difficulties of applying western concepts of mental health to different cultures finally several other aspects of dealing with disasters are explored on science s next wave see 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 1111534 2 lookup doi 10 1126 science 1112121 3 lookup doi 10 1126 science 309 5737 1030", "title_raw": "Resiliency in the Face of Disaster", "abstract_raw": "T he devastating December 2004 Sumatran earthquake and tsunami, the largest modern natural disaster in terms of people and area affected, is just one grim reminder that societies today are facing increasingly diverse and costly natural and human-triggered threats. Many trends are exacerbating the risks. More people are concentrating in coastal areas, where threats of flooding and storms are heightened, and climate change and sea level rise will amplify these risks. Terrorists have attacked the infrastructures of cities. Population movements, along with global trade and transport, heighten the odds of disease pandemics (see the Editorial on p. 989).\n\nSuch diverse and, in many cases, unpredictable threats have led to renewed efforts to improve the resiliency of cities and societies overall. This special issue surveys some of these emerging approaches both for preparing for diverse disasters before they happen and for dealing with them afterward.\n\nTwo Viewpoints emphasize related aspects of developing social systems that are resilient to unexpected and diverse threats. Allenby and Fink (p. [1034][1]) discuss strengthening infrastructure, cities, and individual businesses; whereas Adger et al. (p. 1036) highlight steps for improving the safety of coastal regions. Both emphasize that there are steps that can be taken now that will increase security and help society even if a disaster does not strike. For example, preserving natural ecosystems such as reefs diversifies coastal economies, which can enhance recovery from disasters.\n\nThe insurance industry is being called on to help in disaster recovery and to guide preparedness in developed and developing nations alike. Mills (p. [1040][2]) examines how the industry must adapt to deal with climate change. In turn, Linnerooth-Bayer et al. (p. 1044) survey some initial approaches that are being developed and tested to expand insurance coverage of these risks to poorer nations.\n\nA major difficulty in recovery from disasters is dealing with the lasting effects they have on the mental health of affected populations. A News story by Miller (p. [1030][3]) describes what is perhaps the broadest effort to date to deal with the psychosocial consequences of disasters and the difficulties of applying Western concepts of mental health to different cultures. Finally, several other aspects of dealing with disasters are explored on Science 's Next Wave (see [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1111534\n [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1112121\n [3]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.309.5737.1030" }, { "paper": "2141958016", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2005", "title": "putting the numbers to work implications for violence prevention", "label": [ "137403100", "2778358470", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2252224312", "1964101883" ], "reference": [ "51774562", "150335924", "573340168", "605126992", "627210221", "1517091189", "1547172270", "1969790704", "1984445755", "1986406560", "1990055962", "2008109004", "2008281770", "2012953914", "2013413753", "2018611766", "2030548645", "2035957613", "2038858335", "2040624890", "2043050410", "2045672904", "2053822793", "2063829818", "2077015124", "2078970047", "2082085827", "2099256249", "2104261825", "2107477466", "2111039889", "2116757816", "2122740397", "2123505334", "2126484671", "2144247517", "2150148355", "2151796435", "2154563037", "2157572278", "2158441614", "2161706733", "2346173286", "2479046801", "2517084556", "2891965326", "2970550993", "3020979170", "3122704328", "3124884636", "3125554979", "3125610041" ], "abstract": "by analysing international crisis behaviour from 1918 to 1994 this study seeks a better understanding of the factors that make interstate and intrastate crises endure and escalate into violence observations are crisis actors drawn from the international crisis behavior icb dataset the analysis indicates that an actor is more likely to use violence in a crisis if there is social unrest in that country if it is contiguous to its main adversary in the crisis if there is a violent trigger to the crisis if there is an ethnic dimension to the crisis and if the crisis is a long one if the principal adversaries in a dyad are democratic or the actor is democratic the likelihood of the use of violence is significantly reduced crises tend to be longer when there is an ethnic component and if there is violence taken together the two analyses link crisis duration and outbreak of violence ethnicity and unrest have both direct and indirect effects on violence the findings have implications for conflict prevention in two ways if the factors found to be predictors of an escalation to violence are present during a crisis then this provides an important early warning for agencies that the outbreak of violence is likely in particular early and decisive intervention assuming it is successful may be an effective method of preventing escalation to violence even in the absence of a crisis the existence of such factors can be addressed through structural prevention particularly through the development of democratic and other institutions", "title_raw": "Putting the Numbers to Work: Implications for Violence Prevention*", "abstract_raw": "By analysing international crisis behaviour from 1918 to 1994, this study seeks a better understanding of the factors that make interstate and intrastate crises endure and escalate into violence. Observations are crisis actors drawn from the International Crisis Behavior (ICB) dataset. The analysis indicates that an actor is more likely to use violence in a crisis if there is social unrest in that country; if it is contiguous to its main adversary in the crisis; if there is a violent trigger to the crisis; if there is an ethnic dimension to the crisis; and if the crisis is a long one. If the principal adversaries in a dyad are democratic or the actor is democratic, the likelihood of the use of violence is significantly reduced. Crises tend to be longer when there is an ethnic component and if there is violence. Taken together, the two analyses link crisis duration and outbreak of violence. Ethnicity and unrest have both direct and indirect effects on violence. The findings have implications for conflict prevention in two ways. If the factors found to be predictors of an escalation to violence are present during a crisis, then this provides an important early warning for agencies that the outbreak of violence is likely. In particular, early and decisive intervention, assuming it is successful, may be an effective method of preventing escalation to violence. Even in the absence of a crisis, the existence of such factors can be addressed through structural prevention, particularly through the development of democratic and other institutions." }, { "paper": "1555728488", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2005", "title": "parrhesiastic accountability investigatory commissions and executive power in an age of terror", "label": [ "3116431", "199539241", "2776007630" ], "author": [ "2907936004" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Parrhesiastic Accountability: Investigatory Commissions and Executive Power in an Age of Terror", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2076473065", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "science and the bush administration", "label": [ "2776876785", "3116431", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2612415797" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "scientists current outrage at the bush administration s assault on science in the u s is understandable but might miss the real threat the administration s subtle yet deliberate redefinition of accepted principles of what constitutes good evidence to guide policy development for example the", "title_raw": "Science and the Bush administration.", "abstract_raw": "Scientists' current outrage at the Bush administration's assault on science in the U.S. is understandable but might miss the real threat\u2014the administration's subtle yet deliberate redefinition of accepted principles of what constitutes good evidence to guide policy development. For example, the" }, { "paper": "2169367474", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2005", "title": "beacons of hope the impact of imposed democracy on regional peace democracy and prosperity", "label": [ "17058734", "555826173", "3651065", "2776554220" ], "author": [ "244338091", "2106360285" ], "reference": [ "78961512", "565567415", "612592711", "625622072", "1491335294", "1503134246", "1533369859", "1581908573", "1584789652", "1982749266", "1988797246", "1995272936", "2007889334", "2029954588", "2030932871", "2033440542", "2034614426", "2039976967", "2041887672", "2044003199", "2052251804", "2055325415", "2055828181", "2074407756", "2076614180", "2079005068", "2079477177", "2083620364", "2109772046", "2110939257", "2116430815", "2116521655", "2122274377", "2139215175", "2142013610", "2147574293", "2150912378", "2155433596", "2161709053", "2165025110", "2165757691", "2168499279", "2169745383", "2171514287", "2321519604", "2550063369", "2568379065", "2797459112", "2800129323", "3022337859", "3124594404" ], "abstract": "in 2003 american policymakers linked the democratization of iraq with greater peace democracy and prosperity in the middle east we elaborate this regional level policy argument theoretically and test it empirically on a global sample of states for the twentieth century we differentiate the impact of fully and weakly democratic externally imposed polities bright versus dim beacons respectively on regional interstate war democratization and economic growth we conclude that 1 bright beacons reduce while dim beacons increase war 2 bright beacons do not stimulate democratization while dim beacons undermine democratization and 3 bright beacons stimulate prosperity while dim beacons undermine prosperity", "title_raw": "Beacons of Hope? The Impact of Imposed Democracy on Regional Peace, Democracy, and Prosperity", "abstract_raw": "In 2003, American policymakers linked the democratization of Iraq with greater peace, democracy, and prosperity in the Middle East. We elaborate this regional-level policy argument theoretically and test it empirically on a global sample of states for the twentieth century. We differentiate the impact of fully and weakly democratic externally imposed polities (\u201cbright\u201d versus \u201cdim\u201d beacons, respectively) on regional interstate war, democratization, and economic growth. We conclude that (1) bright beacons reduce, while dim beacons increase war; (2) bright beacons do not stimulate democratization, while dim beacons undermine democratization; and (3) bright beacons stimulate prosperity, while dim beacons undermine prosperity." }, { "paper": "2057930404", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "the paradox of american unionism why americans like unions more than canadians do but join much less", "label": [ "94625758", "555826173", "2776424047", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1913166519" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the paradox of american unionism why americans like unions more than canadians do but join much less by seymour martin lipset and noah m meltz with rafael gomez and ivan katchanovski ithaca ny cornell university press 2004 240p 32 50 this short book asks excellent questions and presents interesting results from a survey of canadian and u s attitudes toward unions as well as useful data on union membership but its explanation of the contrasting trajectories of organized labor on either side of the border is unconvincing the core problem is seymour lipset and noah meltz s cultural theory that the two countries have different political and social value foundations social democratic canada and libertarian america which do not change but explain the post 1964 divergence of union membership in the two countries", "title_raw": "The Paradox of American Unionism: Why Americans Like Unions More Than Canadians Do, but Join Much Less", "abstract_raw": "The Paradox of American Unionism: Why Americans Like Unions More Than Canadians Do, but Join Much Less. By Seymour Martin Lipset and Noah M. Meltz with Rafael Gomez and Ivan Katchanovski. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004. 240p. $32.50. This short book asks excellent questions and presents interesting results from a survey of Canadian and U.S. attitudes toward unions, as well as useful data on union membership, but its explanation of the contrasting trajectories of organized labor on either side of the border is unconvincing. The core problem is Seymour Lipset and Noah Meltz's cultural theory that the two countries have different political and social value foundations\u2014\u201csocial democratic\u201d Canada and \u201clibertarian\u201d America\u2014which do not change but explain the post-1964 divergence of union membership in the two countries." }, { "paper": "1536949595", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "defense rules would pinch foreign born scientists", "label": [ "2777780933", "168902768", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2232726435" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the u s department of defense has proposed a rule that would make it harder for universities to involve foreign nationals in unclassified research projects funded by the agency", "title_raw": "Defense Rules Would Pinch Foreign-Born Scientists", "abstract_raw": "The U.S. Department of Defense has proposed a rule that would make it harder for universities to involve foreign nationals in unclassified research projects funded by the agency." }, { "paper": "2171747597", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2005", "title": "policy research the field dimension", "label": [ "148834064", "2777022163", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2052246189" ], "reference": [ "149072306", "151005644", "351644314", "590670046", "610933034", "613327831", "1490948437", "1492973698", "1497534413", "1509356150", "1510465317", "1513385655", "1514154236", "1524906738", "1540474077", "1971322915", "1983514969", "1985041228", "1989397293", "1990705152", "1996245468", "2004877893", "2005579901", "2011750252", "2016562122", "2021129506", "2022129312", "2026893866", "2030469410", "2036416056", "2039550446", "2044633272", "2049844255", "2054787253", "2064836922", "2071009271", "2084349741", "2093208484", "2094736317", "2095055372", "2095932910", "2096158677", "2096289627", "2117167143", "2118100115", "2124645498", "2128654424", "2136201158", "2138643555", "2138858971", "2143552737", "2157106125", "2163403717", "2308147217", "2317824845", "2325456850", "2326360951", "2331122606", "2405553200", "2728337979", "2795504231", "2800893235", "2921095601", "3005768475", "3040950969", "3121420899", "3122202439", "3122852679", "3124140801" ], "abstract": "field research defined as an unstructured contact with public problems and programs is essential to realistic policy research research linking governmental action to good outcomes is rare because those who study government and those whose who analyze public problems are seldom the same field inquiry can help give policy research more governmental content a lack of field contact is one reason why much of the research surrounding welfare reform has been incorrect ideally the connections between policy and outcomes that respondents claim during field research should be verified by statistical analyses that use program data unfortunately field research is discouraged by academic incentives favoring rigor at the expense of realism", "title_raw": "Policy Research: The Field Dimension", "abstract_raw": "Field research, defined as an unstructured contact with public problems and programs, is essential to realistic policy research. Research linking governmental action to good outcomes is rare, because those who study government and those whose who analyze public problems are seldom the same. Field inquiry can help give policy research more governmental content. A lack of field contact is one reason why much of the research surrounding welfare reform has been incorrect. Ideally, the connections between policy and outcomes that respondents claim during field research should be verified by statistical analyses that use program data. Unfortunately, field research is discouraged by academic incentives favoring rigor at the expense of realism." }, { "paper": "1991124261", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2005", "title": "international terrorism at sea as a menace to the civilization of the 21st century", "label": [ "2779220719", "122302079", "203133693", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2642900945" ], "reference": [ "118221121", "237365038", "577083024", "2130770286", "2613908909", "3086519015" ], "abstract": "this article posits that the menace of terrorism at sea has traditionally been overlooked especially since the events of september 11 in new york that were perpetrated by air beginning with a general discussion of what motivates a terrorist and the different kinds of terrorism the article then moves on to maritime terrorism and piracy and their legal and practical distinctions the convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of maritime navigation of 1988 which made great strides in detailing and codifying terrorism at sea is discussed as well as the role of the un international maritime organization in combating terrorism at sea finally the article sums up the current state of affairs and what still remains to be accomplished to effectively battle international maritime terrorism which the author sees as the world s next great threat", "title_raw": "International Terrorism at Sea as a Menace to the Civilization of the 21st Century", "abstract_raw": "This article posits that the menace of terrorism at sea has traditionally been overlooked, especially since the events of September 11 in New York that were perpetrated by air. Beginning with a general discussion of what motivates a terrorist and the different kinds of terrorism, the article then moves on to maritime terrorism and piracy and their legal and practical distinctions. The Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation of 1988, which made great strides in detailing and codifying terrorism at sea, is discussed, as well as the role of the UN International Maritime Organization in combating terrorism at sea. Finally, the article sums up the current state of affairs and what still remains to be accomplished to effectively battle international maritime terrorism, which the author sees as the world\u2019s next great threat." }, { "paper": "2108896477", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "global prescriptions gendering health and human rights", "label": [ "169437150" ], "author": [ "2169719812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Global Prescriptions: Gendering Health and Human Rights", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2057519899", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2005", "title": "book review international history john hobson the eastern origins of western civilisation cambridge cambridge university press 2004 372 pp 16 99 pbk benno teschke the myth of 1648 class geopolitics and the making of modern international relations london verso 2003 308 pp 25 00 hbk", "label": [ "122302079", "201960208", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2132410745" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: International History John Hobson, The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 372 pp., \u00a316.99 pbk.). Benno Teschke, The Myth of 1648: Class, Geopolitics and the Making of Modern International Relations (London: Verso, 2003, 308 pp., \u00a325.00 hbk.):", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2612959872", "venue": "183770981", "year": "2005", "title": "when process affects punishment differences in sentences after guilty plea bench trial and jury trial in five guidelines states", "label": [ "2909905878", "2776071657", "199539241", "2776446040" ], "author": [ "2172237031", "2612406316", "2144131304", "2260671025" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "When Process Affects Punishment: Differences in Sentences After Guilty Plea, Bench Trial, and Jury Trial in Five Guidelines States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2022291253", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2005", "title": "dutch government urged to inform public of blood mistakes", "label": [ "148834064", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2717740175" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dutch government urged to inform public of blood mistakes.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2140067999", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2005", "title": "the good state in praise of classical internationalism", "label": [ "196927870", "34355311", "2777617010", "2777075199", "199539241", "122972321", "116166054" ], "author": [ "2321195648" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the end of the cold war has seen western internationalism migrate from the margins to the centre of international relations theory and practice as a consequence the modest ambitions of what we might now call classical internationalism have come under challenge from more thoroughly cosmopolitan varieties from both the right and left of the mainstream western political spectrum whose commonalities moreover are arguably becoming as prominent as their differences this article attempts to recover the classical internationalist project and more specifically the understanding of statehood that underpins it some observations on the distinctions and tensions between varieties of contemporary internationalist and cosmopolitan thinking about international politics are followed by a critique of a pervasive scholarly disinterest in the varieties of western internationalist states these two exercises form the backdrop to advocacy of the idea of the good state as a response to dominant forms of contemporary western cosmopolitanism and their critics", "title_raw": "The good state: In praise of 'classical' internationalism", "abstract_raw": "The end of the Cold War has seen Western internationalism migrate from the margins to the centre of International Relations theory and practice. As a consequence the modest ambitions of what we might now call \u2018classical internationalism\u2019 have come under challenge from more thoroughly cosmopolitan varieties from both the right and left of the mainstream Western political spectrum whose commonalities, moreover, are arguably becoming as prominent as their differences. This article attempts to recover the classical internationalist project and, more specifically, the understanding of statehood that underpins it. Some observations on the distinctions and tensions between varieties of contemporary internationalist and cosmopolitan thinking about international politics are followed by a critique of a pervasive scholarly disinterest in the varieties of Western internationalist states. These two exercises form the backdrop to advocacy of the idea of \u2018the Good State\u2019 as a response to dominant forms of contemporary Western cosmopolitanism and their critics." }, { "paper": "2120325380", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2005", "title": "gods guns and globalization religious radicalism and international political economy", "label": [ "2119116", "190475667", "538383745", "31168002" ], "author": [ "2268206533" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Gods, Guns and Globalization: Religious Radicalism and International Political Economy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1997522768", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2005", "title": "the politics of selfhood bodies and identities in global capitalism", "label": [ "514928085", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2984415445" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Selfhood: Bodies and Identities in Global Capitalism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1980964060", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2005", "title": "taiwan and the new regional political economy of east asia", "label": [ "191935318", "549326192", "2781226091", "99000247", "76775654", "186780021" ], "author": [ "2623124786" ], "reference": [ "596662459", "1969723501", "1970645937", "1992788925", "2002968617", "2050757811", "2149656993", "2154666920", "3122340643", "3123460836", "3125331611" ], "abstract": "regional economic relations in east asia have experienced a period of profound change since the 1997 98 financial crisis two developments are particularly notable the first relates to the asean plus three apt framework under which an increasingly coalescent regional economic grouping has emerged in east asia thus far apt member states japan china south korea and the asean group have devoted much energy to creating new mechanisms of regional financial governance such as the chiang mai initiative and asian bond market initiative the second development concerns the expansion of bilateral free trade agreement fta projects in east asia and the asia pacific many see this as a precursor to forging wider sub regional or regional trade agreements both developments mark a potentially significant shift from regionalization to regionalism in east asia and thus high politics becomes de facto more important given regionalism is largely founded on inter nation state agreements beijing s continued ardent contestation of taiwan s nation statehood has hence limited taiwan s ability to engage as it would like in east asia s new regional political economy this article considers the nature of regional political economy and applies it to the recent east asian experience which in turn provides an analytical framework for examining the significance of the apt framework and new fta trend and taiwan s position in relation to them special attention is paid to taiwan s prospects in east asia s new regional political economy", "title_raw": "Taiwan and the New Regional Political Economy of East Asia", "abstract_raw": "Regional economic relations in East Asia have experienced a period of profound change since the 1997/98 financial crisis. Two developments are particularly notable. The first relates to the ASEAN Plus Three (APT) framework, under which an increasingly coalescent regional economic grouping has emerged in East Asia. Thus far, APT member states (Japan, China, South Korea and the ASEAN group) have devoted much energy to creating new mechanisms of regional financial governance, such as the Chiang Mai Initiative and Asian Bond Market Initiative. The second development concerns the expansion of bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) projects in East Asia and the Asia-Pacific. Many see this as a precursor to forging wider sub-regional or regional trade agreements. Both developments mark a potentially significant shift from regionalization to regionalism in East Asia, and thus \u201chigh politics\u201d becomes de facto more important given regionalism is largely founded on inter-(nation-)state agreements. Beijing's continued ardent contestation of Taiwan's nation-statehood has hence limited Taiwan's ability to engage as it would like in East Asia's new regional political economy. This article considers the nature of regional political economy and applies it to the recent East Asian experience, which in turn provides an analytical framework for examining the significance of the APT framework and new FTA trend, and Taiwan's position in relation to them. Special attention is paid to Taiwan's prospects in East Asia's new regional political economy." }, { "paper": "1504729395", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "academy gets the word out after tussle with agency", "label": [ "199539241", "199776023", "2776034101", "2777310092" ], "author": [ "91872485" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a public version of a national academies report on safe storage of spent nuclear fuel has been released 8 months after negotiations began with the nuclear regulatory commission and following the commission9s decision to go public with a point by point rebuttal of the document while it was still under wraps", "title_raw": "Academy Gets the Word Out After Tussle With Agency", "abstract_raw": "A public version of a National Academies report on safe storage of spent nuclear fuel has been released, 8 months after negotiations began with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and following the commission9s decision to go public with a point-by-point rebuttal of the document while it was still under wraps." }, { "paper": "2070050240", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2005", "title": "the u s election assistance commission what role in the administration of elections", "label": [ "2781008272", "2780423727", "3116431", "2776034101", "533735693", "148834064", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2718075656", "2587075939" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "what role in the administration of elections will the new u s election assistance commission eac play and how does that role differ from past federal involvement the answers are uncertain because delays in appointing the commission members and insufficient funding severely handicapped early activities this article examines the factors that influence the eac s emerging role the commission s background structure tasks and tools start up activities and recent issues because the principal impact of the eac is indirect affecting election administration through the states we draw on the tools of government literature to frame the discussion although the help america vote act of 2002 which created the eac continues a long line of federal regulatory mandates in the elections arena the eac has almost no regulatory authority its principal tools are grants and information instruments of cooperative rather than coercive federalism given that the major grant programs are ending the eac s long term contribution will likely be to create and disseminate information copyright 2005 oxford university press", "title_raw": "The U.S. Election Assistance Commission: What Role in the Administration of Elections?", "abstract_raw": "What role in the administration of elections will the new U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) play, and how does that role differ from past federal involvement? The answers are uncertain because delays in appointing the commission members and insufficient funding severely handicapped early activities. This article examines the factors that influence the EAC's emerging role: the commission's background, structure, tasks and tools, start-up activities, and recent issues. Because the principal impact of the EAC is indirect, affecting election administration through the states, we draw on the \u201ctools of government\u201d literature to frame the discussion. Although the Help America Vote Act of 2002, which created the EAC, continues a long line of federal regulatory mandates in the elections arena, the EAC has almost no regulatory authority. Its principal tools are grants and information\u2014instruments of cooperative, rather than coercive, federalism. Given that the major grant programs are ending, the EAC's long-term contribution will likely be to create and disseminate information. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press." }, { "paper": "2049999512", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2005", "title": "policy networks and immigrants associations in italy the cases of milan bologna and naples", "label": [ "2777351106", "2776051254", "70036468", "94625758", "2776693646" ], "author": [ "982806537" ], "reference": [ "582078089", "1521566394", "1691852412", "1853189397", "1979991846", "2069040504", "2115059495", "2143718472", "2281844383", "2798823399" ], "abstract": "this article analyses the role played by immigrants associations in local policy networks in italy the aim is to find out if differences in the political opportunity structure have an impact on the development of immigrant organisations and on their influence in the policy making process in the first part of the article i describe the evolution of immigrants associations in italy by focusing on the institutional opportunity structure defined here as the resources granted by national legislation to support immigrants associations in the second part i focus on three cases that represent different areas of the country milan bologna and naples these cities have been governed by different political majorities since the mid 1980s and are thus characterised by differences in the political opportunity structure the question i ask is do different configurations of power right wing or left wing provide different institutional opportunities for immigrants associations and how do these different oppo", "title_raw": "Policy Networks and Immigrants\u2019 Associations in Italy: The Cases of Milan, Bologna and Naples", "abstract_raw": "This article analyses the role played by immigrants\u2019 associations in local policy networks in Italy. The aim is to find out if differences in the political opportunity structure have an impact on the development of immigrant organisations and on their influence in the policy-making process. In the first part of the article I describe the evolution of immigrants\u2019 associations in Italy by focusing on the institutional opportunity structure, defined here as the resources granted by national legislation to support immigrants\u2019 associations. In the second part I focus on three cases that represent different areas of the country: Milan, Bologna and Naples. These cities have been governed by different political majorities since the mid-1980s, and are thus characterised by differences in the political opportunity structure. The question I ask is: do different configurations of power, right-wing or left-wing, provide different institutional opportunities for immigrants\u2019 associations? And how do these different oppo..." }, { "paper": "3125747896", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2005", "title": "facing up to the complexities of the ilo s core labour standards agenda", "label": [ "46295352", "71043370", "2775979384", "138147947", "2777671340" ], "author": [ "1996192102" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article responds to two detailed critiques by brian langille and francis maupain of an article dealing with the transformation of the international labour rights regime which followed the adoption by the ilo of the 1998 declaration on fundamental principles and rights at work the author argues that the ilo does in fact play a central role in the process of defining core labour standards and that its approach is invoked by a wide range of actors seeking legitimacy for their own approaches to such standards whether in the context of bilateral free trade agreements or of private voluntary initiatives for these reasons it is important to understand clearly the role played by the ilo to acknowledge the extent to which the declaration has become detached from the existing jurisprudence of labour rights and to seek to ensure that the ilo adopts a more balanced approach which does not unduly privilege a limited range of procedural rights at the expense of equally important substantive social rights the article concludes by outlining the steps which the ilo ought to take in order to ensure that it remains a relevant and influential actor in efforts to protect the basic rights of workers in the 21st century", "title_raw": "Facing Up to the Complexities of the ILO\u2019s Core Labour Standards Agenda", "abstract_raw": "This article responds to two detailed critiques by Brian Langille and Francis Maupain of an article dealing with the 'transformation of the international labour rights regime' which followed the adoption by the ILO of the 1998 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. The author argues that the ILO does, in fact, play a central role in the process of defining core labour standards and that its approach is invoked by a wide range of actors seeking legitimacy for their own approaches to such standards, whether in the context of bilateral free trade agreements or of private voluntary initiatives. For these reasons it is important to understand clearly the role played by the ILO, to acknowledge the extent to which the Declaration has become detached from the existing jurisprudence of labour rights, and to seek to ensure that the ILO adopts a more balanced approach which does not unduly privilege a limited range of procedural rights at the expense of equally important substantive social rights. The article concludes by outlining the steps which the ILO ought to take in order to ensure that it remains a relevant and influential actor in efforts to protect the basic rights of workers in the 21st century." }, { "paper": "2050510064", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "for the many or the few the initiative public policy and american democracy", "label": [ "203566152", "555826173", "3116431", "109986646" ], "author": [ "2163238768" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "For the Many or the Few: The Initiative, Public Policy, and American Democracy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2010616281", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2005", "title": "polish substantive penal law against terrorism selected issues", "label": [ "199539241", "202565627", "168772968", "203133693" ], "author": [ "2296832653" ], "reference": [ "2679958", "413045521", "437769887", "1605926047", "2015780861", "2170955402", "2940794250" ], "abstract": "this article studies in detail what the polish penal code says about terrorism and terrorists and how just the penalties are for breaking these laws the article analyzes the treatment of terrorism in the general and special sections of the code paying close attention to supposed terrorism acts committed as a precondition to terrorist acts the terrorist act as a conventional offense and other terrorist offenses the author laments that there is a lack of direct regulation on these issues and discusses the various problems resulting from this lack of precision in the penal code at the beginning of 2004", "title_raw": "Polish Substantive Penal Law Against Terrorism (Selected Issues)", "abstract_raw": "This article studies in detail what the Polish Penal Code says about terrorism and terrorists and how just the penalties are for breaking these laws. The article analyzes the treatment of terrorism in the general and special sections of the code, paying close attention to supposed terrorism, acts committed as a precondition to terrorist acts, the terrorist act as a conventional offense, and other terrorist offenses. The author laments that there is a lack of direct regulation on these issues and discusses the various problems resulting from this lack of precision in the penal code at the beginning of 2004." }, { "paper": "1948257787", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2005", "title": "memoir of a jersey girl", "label": [ "177897776" ], "author": [ "2121644837" ], "reference": [ "1510383760" ], "abstract": "carolyn heilbrun famously observed that women of the early 20th century had no models for their public lives no way to learn the tone of voice in which to speak with authority one is reminded of jean elshtain s classic study of the tyranny of gender stereotyping as public men and private women elshtain 1981 the mentoring project at apsa invites us men and women together to break down the unspoken barrier between our personal stories and our professional persona as heilbrun said we can t be authentic mentors if we don t tell the truth about our own lives heilbrun 1988 2002 25 the trouble is that facts are mute facts need testimony to be remembered articulate witnesses with sufficient imagination to make the experiences of modern life understandable arendt 1969 1972 6 yet to be useful as well as authentic imagination must at least attempt to be truthful accordingly please indulge me while i commit an act of public disclosure and do what my mother always said a lady should never do talk about herself doing so is bad manners and besides no one really wants to hear it she said i plead guilty to the former but about the latter i have my doubts mentoring in political science is based on the premise that other people need to see reflections of their own careers and lives in yours and vice versa so at least in this specific context self referential writing the dreaded pronoun i may be forgiven", "title_raw": "Memoir of a Jersey Girl", "abstract_raw": "Carolyn Heilbrun famously observed that women of the early 20th century had no models for their public lives, no way to learn the \u201ctone of voice in which to speak with authority.\u201d One is reminded of Jean Elshtain's classic study of the tyranny of gender stereotyping as \u201cpublic\u201d men and \u201cprivate\u201d women (Elshtain 1981). The mentoring project at APSA invites us, men and women together, to break down the unspoken barrier between our personal stories and our professional persona. As Heilbrun said, we can't be authentic mentors if we don't \u201ctell the truth about (our) own lives\u201d (Heilbrun [1988] 2002, 25). The trouble is that facts are mute. \u201cFacts need testimony to be remembered,\u201d articulate witnesses with sufficient imagination to make the experiences of modern life understandable (Arendt [1969] 1972, 6). Yet to be useful, as well as authentic, imagination must at least attempt to be truthful. Accordingly, please indulge me while I commit an act of public disclosure and do what my mother always said a lady should never do\u2014talk about herself. Doing so is bad manners and, besides, no one really wants to hear it, she said. I plead guilty to the former, but about the latter I have my doubts. Mentoring in political science is based on the premise that other people need to see reflections of their own careers and lives in yours and vice versa. So at least in this specific context, self-referential writing, the dreaded pronoun \u201cI\u201d may be forgiven." }, { "paper": "2024470814", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "misusing the nazi analogy", "label": [ "2777695644", "199539241", "124042286", "140610115", "5616717", "2777433734", "167924933", "121578661" ], "author": [ "2103475817" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "s ixty years ago allied forces brought an end to adolf hitler s dream that germany would rule europe and dominate the world the death of nazi germany gave birth to a charge that still haunts the scientific community what might be called the nazi analogy in ethical or policy disputes about science and medicine no argument can bring debate to a more screeching halt then the invocation of the nazi comparison whether the subject is stem cell research end of life care the conduct of clinical trials in poor nations abortion embryo research animal experimentation genetic testing or human experimentation involving vulnerable populations references to nazi policies or practices tumble forth from critics if x is done then we are on the road to nazi germany has become a commonplace claim in contemporary bioethical debates sadly too often those who draw an analogy between current behavior and what the nazis did do not know what they are talking about the nazi analogy is equivalent to dropping a nuclear bomb in ethical battles about science and medicine because its misuse diminishes the horror done by nazi scientists and doctors to their victims it is ethically incumbent upon those who invoke the nazi analogy to understand what they are claiming figure 1 credit bettmann corbis a key component of nazi thought was to rid germany and the lands under german control of those deemed economic drains on the state the mentally ill alcoholics the feeble minded and the demented elderly they were seen as direct threats to the economic viability of the state a fear rooted in the bitter economic experience after the first world war the public health of the nation also had to be protected against threats to its genetic health these were created when people of inferior races intermarried with those of aryan stock threats to genetic health also included by their very existence genetic degenerates jews and roma theories of race hygiene had gained prominence in mainstream german scientific and medical circles as early as the 1920s what is important to keep in mind about these underlying themes that provided the underpinning for nazi euthanasia and eugenic practices is that they have little to do with contemporary ethical debates about science medicine or technology take for instance the case of terri schiavo a massively brain damaged patient who was kept alive by means of artificial feeding for more than a decade when congressmen and religious leaders in the united states commented on her situation during the weeks leading up to her death on 31 march 2005 soon after her feeding tube was removed they described it as analogous to what the nazis had done to jews in concentration camps a complete misuse of the nazi analogy whatever one thought about the ethical issues raised by the decision to allow the removal of a feeding tube from this woman the decision had nothing to do with the belief that her continued existence posed a threat to the economic integrity of the united states or that her racial background posed a threat to america s genetic health the fight over her fate was about who best could represent her wishes so that her self determination could be respected a moral principle not afforded those killed by deliberate starvation in the nazi euthanasia programs similarly when critics charge that allowing embryonic stem cell research permits the taking of innocent life to serve the common good and then compare it to nazi research in concentration camps the claims of resemblance are deeply flawed moreover they demean the immorality of nazi practices concentration camp prisoners were used in lethal experiments because they were seen as doomed to die anyway were seen as racial inferiors and given the conditions of total war that prevailed they were considered completely expendable in the service of the national security of the third reich there are many reasons why a practice or policy in contemporary science or medicine might be judged unethical but the cavalier use of the nazi analogy in an attempt to bolster an argument is unethical sixty years after the fall of the third reich we owe it to those who suffered and died at the hands of the nazis to insist that those who invoke the nazi analogy do so with care 1 pending yes", "title_raw": "Misusing the Nazi analogy.", "abstract_raw": "S ixty years ago, Allied forces brought an end to Adolf Hitler's dream that Germany would rule Europe and dominate the world. The death of Nazi Germany gave birth to a charge that still haunts the scientific community\u2014what might be called \u201cthe Nazi analogy.\u201d In ethical or policy disputes about science and medicine, no argument can bring debate to a more screeching halt then the invocation of the Nazi comparison.\n\nWhether the subject is stem cell research, end-of-life care, the conduct of clinical trials in poor nations, abortion, embryo research, animal experimentation, genetic testing, or human experimentation involving vulnerable populations, references to Nazi policies or practices tumble forth from critics. \u201cIf X is done, then we are on the road to Nazi Germany\u201d has become a commonplace claim in contemporary bioethical debates.\n\nSadly, too often those who draw an analogy between current behavior and what the Nazis did do not know what they are talking about. The Nazi analogy is equivalent to dropping a nuclear bomb in ethical battles about science and medicine. Because its misuse diminishes the horror done by Nazi scientists and doctors to their victims, it is ethically incumbent upon those who invoke the Nazi analogy to understand what they are claiming.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: BETTMANN/CORBIS\n\nA key component of Nazi thought was to rid Germany and the lands under German control of those deemed economic drains on the state\u2014the mentally ill, alcoholics, the \u201cfeeble-minded,\u201d and the demented elderly. They were seen as direct threats to the economic viability of the state, a fear rooted in the bitter economic experience after the First World War. The public health of the nation also had to be protected against threats to its genetic health. These were created when people of \u201cinferior\u201d races intermarried with those of Aryan stock. Threats to genetic health also included, by their very existence, genetic degenerates\u2014Jews and Roma. Theories of race hygiene had gained prominence in mainstream German scientific and medical circles as early as the 1920s.\n\nWhat is important to keep in mind about these underlying themes that provided the underpinning for Nazi euthanasia and eugenic practices is that they have little to do with contemporary ethical debates about science, medicine, or technology. Take, for instance, the case of Terri Schiavo, a massively brain-damaged patient who was kept alive by means of artificial feeding for more than a decade. When congressmen and religious leaders in the United States commented on her situation during the weeks leading up to her death on 31 March 2005, soon after her feeding tube was removed, they described it as analogous to what the Nazis had done to Jews in concentration camps\u2014a complete misuse of the Nazi analogy. Whatever one thought about the ethical issues raised by the decision to allow the removal of a feeding tube from this woman, the decision had nothing to do with the belief that her continued existence posed a threat to the economic integrity of the United States or that her racial background posed a threat to America's genetic health. The fight over her fate was about who best could represent her wishes so that her self-determination could be respected\u2014a moral principle not afforded those killed by deliberate starvation in the Nazi euthanasia programs.\n\nSimilarly, when critics charge that allowing embryonic stem cell research permits the taking of innocent life to serve the common good, and then compare it to Nazi research in concentration camps, the claims of resemblance are deeply flawed; moreover, they demean the immorality of Nazi practices. Concentration camp prisoners were used in lethal experiments because they were seen as doomed to die anyway, were seen as racial inferiors, and, given the conditions of total war that prevailed, they were considered completely expendable in the service of the national security of the Third Reich.\n\nThere are many reasons why a practice or policy in contemporary science or medicine might be judged unethical. But the cavalier use of the Nazi analogy in an attempt to bolster an argument is unethical. Sixty years after the fall of the Third Reich, we owe it to those who suffered and died at the hands of the Nazis to insist that those who invoke the Nazi analogy do so with care.\n\n [1]: pending:yes" }, { "paper": "2088324623", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "popular political support in urban china", "label": [ "542948173", "94625758", "2780668109", "129047720", "191935318", "2778304055" ], "author": [ "2579148222" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "popular political support in urban china by jie chen stanford stanford university press 2004 246p 55 00 cloth 21 95 paper what is the matter with beijing china s capital is overcrowded and heavily polluted beijing s elderly face shrinking government pensions and health care services its middle aged try to reinvent themselves out of unemployment its youth strive for jobs with tens of millions of upwardly mobile rural chinese flocking to the cities and at the same time try to distinguish themselves from the hundreds of millions of other future middle class urbanites struggling to enter the upper end of the global economy despite protests in city and countryside the chinese government continues to privatize and liberalize its economy and the chinese communist party still punishes all forms of organized political opposition", "title_raw": "Popular Political Support in Urban China", "abstract_raw": "Popular Political Support in Urban China. By Jie Chen. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004. 246p. $55.00 cloth, $21.95 paper. What is the matter with Beijing? China's capital is overcrowded and heavily polluted. Beijing's elderly face shrinking government pensions and health-care services. Its middle aged try to reinvent themselves out of unemployment. Its youth strive for jobs, with tens of millions of upwardly mobile rural Chinese flocking to the cities, and at the same time try to distinguish themselves from the hundreds of millions of other future middle-class urbanites struggling to enter the upper end of the global economy. Despite protests in city and countryside, the Chinese government continues to privatize and liberalize its economy, and the Chinese Communist Party still punishes all forms of organized political opposition." }, { "paper": "2011736432", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2005", "title": "the contribution of volunteering trust and networks to educational performance", "label": [ "142806620", "68062652", "109986646", "39549134", "2777932401", "37129596" ], "author": [ "2229851238" ], "reference": [ "1552459498", "1617442259", "1964221669", "1965242865", "1969013722", "1975848451", "1983145848", "1987767320", "2000568015", "2022502908", "2025289001", "2032830274", "2034800095", "2055048627", "2064760340", "2066888893", "2067269872", "2070801763", "2074318331", "2082808961", "2083360664", "2093759678", "2098094960", "2101736928", "2103029551", "2109469951", "2125267558", "2126753721", "2127682847", "2135912248", "2165521486", "2318477777", "2321438687", "2330586522" ], "abstract": "social capital can have a beneficial effect on public policy outcomes by helping to solve collective action problems and by providing individuals and communities with efficient social networks in education it also assists students self confidence which can foster motivation and academic success to investigate the social capital outcome link this article analyzes a panel survey of 15 16 and 16 17 year olds in 27 english schools testing whether social capital both at the individual and at the school levels tends to increase grades and examination performance the analysis concludes that individual level trust and voluntary action improve pupil performance but that the parental networks of some young people particularly those from low socioeconomic status families have negative rather than positive consequences the findings add to a debate about the differential impact of social capital and the relative importance of its bridging and its bonding elements", "title_raw": "The Contribution of Volunteering, Trust, and Networks to Educational Performance", "abstract_raw": "Social capital can have a beneficial effect on public policy outcomes by helping to solve collective action problems and by providing individuals and communities with efficient social networks. In education, it also assists students' self-confidence, which can foster motivation and academic success. To investigate the social capital-outcome link, this article analyzes a panel survey of 15?16 and 16?17 year olds in 27 English schools, testing whether social capital, both at the individual and at the school levels, tends to increase grades and examination performance. The analysis concludes that individual-level trust and voluntary action improve pupil performance, but that the parental networks of some young people, particularly those from low socioeconomic status families, have negative rather than positive consequences. The findings add to a debate about the differential impact of social capital and the relative importance of its bridging and its bonding elements." }, { "paper": "1981744076", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2005", "title": "a federal deficit reduction simulation learning politics and policy in a budgetary context", "label": [ "2776488190", "148834064", "3116431", "94625758", "178624890" ], "author": [ "1948816188" ], "reference": [ "39157603", "633868775", "2020067226", "2160633523", "2281821647" ], "abstract": "i must first confess that i was long a skeptic about the use of simulations in the classroom i had after all gotten along quite fine without them my courses were full my teaching evaluations good then one year while i was teaching a graduate public administration class i came across a city fiscal simulation and tried it it worked rather well and my curiosity was piqued i spent some time researching the design and effectiveness of these exercises see for example wassermann 1994 and then designed my own federal deficit reduction simulation i have now been regularly using and revising it for over 10 years students routinely rate it as the best learning experience in the course and i concur i use a very detailed version of the simulation in my upper division class on the politics of budgeting and taxation and in a graduate seminar on public budgeting and an abbreviated version in my introductory american government class the simulation would also fit very well in a course on congress in class simulations have been found to", "title_raw": "A Federal Deficit Reduction Simulation: Learning Politics and Policy in a Budgetary Context", "abstract_raw": "I must first confess that I was long a skeptic about the use of simulations in the classroom. I had, after all, gotten along quite fine without them. My courses were full, my teaching evaluations good. Then, one year while I was teaching a graduate Public Administration class, I came across a city fiscal simulation and tried it. It worked rather well, and my curiosity was piqued. I spent some time researching the design and effectiveness of these exercises (see, for example, Wassermann 1994), and then designed my own federal deficit reduction simulation. I have now been regularly using and revising it for over 10 years. Students routinely rate it as the best learning experience in the course, and I concur. I use a very detailed version of the simulation in my upper-division class on the Politics of Budgeting and Taxation and in a graduate seminar on Public Budgeting, and an abbreviated version in my introductory American Government class. The simulation would also fit very well in a course on Congress. In-class simulations have been found to" }, { "paper": "2074569014", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2005", "title": "the benefits of scholarly discourse a response to studying elections data quality and pitfalls in measuring of effects of voting technologies across states", "label": [ "39549134", "3116431", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2109546874" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Benefits of Scholarly Discourse: A Response to \"Studying Elections: Data Quality and Pitfalls in Measuring of Effects of Voting Technologies Across States\"", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2171364861", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2005", "title": "after the vote evaluating a prospective forecasting model of presidential elections", "label": [ "197487636", "2776640315", "3116431", "2776129789", "177324205" ], "author": [ "2199457147" ], "reference": [ "2009650268", "2137791744" ], "abstract": "there are two components to my model of presidential election forecasting given the enormous amount of work on voting behavior that finds prospective assessments of the economy to be strongly related to vote choice e g abramowitz 1985 kuklinski and west 1981 lewis beck 1988 lockerbie 1992 i make use of a prospective economic item from the survey of consumer attitudes and behavior that asks if the next year will be better worse or the same for the respondent i take the average of the negative responses to this question from the first quarter of the election year as my economic measure these data are available in late april", "title_raw": "After the Vote: Evaluating a Prospective Forecasting Model of Presidential Elections", "abstract_raw": "There are two components to my model of presidential election forecasting: Given the enormous amount of work on voting behavior that finds prospective assessments of the economy to be strongly related to vote choice (e.g., Abramowitz 1985 ; Kuklinski and West 1981 ; Lewis-Beck 1988 ; Lockerbie 1992), I make use of a prospective economic item from the Survey of Consumer Attitudes and Behavior that asks if the next year will be better, worse, or the same for the respondent. I take the average of the negative responses to this question from the first quarter of the election year as my economic measure. These data are available in late April." }, { "paper": "2149001116", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2005", "title": "urban consumer culture", "label": [ "2781153986", "142077812", "2780554446", "514928085" ], "author": [ "2503011332" ], "reference": [ "1969368481" ], "abstract": "over the past decade urban residents have experienced a consumer revolution at multiple levels in terms of material standard of living sustained economic growth has dramatically increased spending on discretionary consumer purchases and urbanites have enthusiastically consumed globally branded foodstuffs pop music videos and fashion at the same time however income distribution has become increasingly unequal some scholars therefore emphasize the negative exclusionary and exploitative parameters of the new consumer culture seeing nothing more than a ruse of capitalism or marker of all that is negative about post socialist city life building on nearly a decade of fieldwork in shanghai this article disputes such a linear interpretation of subordination and exclusion in favour of a more polyvalent and stratified reading that emphasizes individual narratives unfolding against memories of an impoverished personal past and a consumer culture that simultaneously incorporates contradictory experiences of emancipation and disempowerment", "title_raw": "urban consumer culture", "abstract_raw": "over the past decade, urban residents have experienced a consumer revolution at multiple levels. in terms of material standard of living, sustained economic growth has dramatically increased spending on discretionary consumer purchases and urbanites have enthusiastically consumed globally branded foodstuffs, pop-music videos and fashion. at the same time, however, income distribution has become increasingly unequal. some scholars therefore emphasize the negative exclusionary and exploitative parameters of the new consumer culture seeing nothing more than a ruse of capitalism or marker of all that is negative about post-socialist city life. building on nearly a decade of fieldwork in shanghai, this article disputes such a linear interpretation of subordination and exclusion in favour of a more polyvalent and stratified reading that emphasizes individual narratives unfolding against memories of an impoverished personal past, and a consumer culture that simultaneously incorporates contradictory experiences of emancipation and disempowerment." }, { "paper": "1614317348", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "u s plans suit to stop minority only programs", "label": [ "2775952369", "199539241" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "higher educationthe u s department of justice concluded this month that three graduate fellowship programs at southern illinois university that serve underrepresented minorities violate the civil rights of caucasians and males read more 1 1 http www sciencemag org cgi content full 310 5752 1263b", "title_raw": "U.S. Plans Suit to Stop Minority-Only Programs", "abstract_raw": "HIGHER EDUCATIONThe U.S. Department of Justice concluded this month that three graduate fellowship programs at Southern Illinois University that serve underrepresented minorities violate the civil rights of Caucasians and males. [(Read more.)][1]\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/310/5752/1263b" }, { "paper": "2078281480", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2005", "title": "islamic politics at the sub regional level in dagestan tariqa brotherhoods ethnicities localism and the spiritual board", "label": [ "199539241", "2776398702", "2780491143", "2780208285", "2780641677", "94625758", "201960208" ], "author": [ "91093623", "2514796387" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "as was shown by the karamakhi conflict in 1999 1 dagestan has been the scene of one of the most fervent examples of islamic revival in the world 2 even putting aside the geopolitical significance of the fact that this extremely pious region neighbours chechnya and these two republics religious and political situations influenced each other strongly at least until the beginning of the second chechen war in 1999 3 islam in dagestan cannot but attract scholarly interest dagestan is one of the rare territories in the world where the shafii judicial school4 of sunni survived with the only exception of the nogais inhabiting the northern part of the republic who practice the hanafi school in the territories of the former ussr the shafii school is dominant only in dagestan and chechnya while the other sunni territories central asia the volga ural region crimea and the northwest caucasus follow the hanafi school of law the shafii school in particular in comparison with the hanafi school is characterised by the strict interpretation of sharia divine law in regard to the territorial solidarity of muslims for example the shafii school permits building a second friday mosque or jami mosque in which all muslims of the settlement are expected to gather at friday prayers in a settlement only for inevitable reasons for example when the settlement has grown to the extent that it is impossible for one friday mosque to seat all the muslims in the settlement at friday prayers 5 therefore the endless split of umma observable in the volga and siberian regions of russia is theologically difficult in dagestan 6 in many muslim regions of the former ussr mosques have often been built by donors businessmen and the state with the result that mosques are rarely connected with settlements in contrast in dagestan it is settlements jamaats which build and manage mosques and pay salaries to imams for the same reason whilst in the other sunni regions of the former ussr the islamic principle of the rejection of professional clergy is interpreted quite flexibly and the clergy receiving salaries from the state in various hidden forms has been transformed into something like a sub division in charge of ideology of the presidential or executive organ of power in dagestan the non professional principle of muslim leaders is still", "title_raw": "Islamic Politics at the Sub-regional Level in Dagestan: Tariqa Brotherhoods, Ethnicities, Localism and the Spiritual Board", "abstract_raw": "AS WAS SHOWN BY THE KARAMAKHI CONFLICT in 1999,1 Dagestan has been the scene of one of the most fervent examples of Islamic revival in the world.2 Even putting aside the geopolitical significance of the fact that this extremely pious region neighbours Chechnya and these two republics' religious and political situations influenced each other strongly at least until the beginning of the Second Chechen War in 1999,3 Islam in Dagestan cannot but attract scholarly interest. Dagestan is one of the rare territories in the world where the Shafii judicial school4 of Sunni survived, with the only exception of the Nogais, inhabiting the northern part of the republic, who practice the Hanafi school. In the territories of the former USSR the Shafii school is dominant only in Dagestan and Chechnya, while the other Sunni territories (Central Asia, the Volga -Ural region, Crimea and the Northwest Caucasus) follow the Hanafi school of law. The Shafii school, in particular in comparison with the Hanafi school, is characterised by the strict interpretation of sharia (divine law) in regard to the territorial solidarity of Muslims. For example, the Shafii school permits building a second Friday mosque (or Jami mosque, in which all Muslims of the settlement are expected to gather at Friday prayers) in a settlement only for inevitable reasons, for example, when the settlement has grown to the extent that it is impossible for one Friday mosque to seat all the Muslims in the settlement at Friday prayers.5 Therefore, the endless split of umma, observable in the Volga and Siberian regions of Russia, is theologically difficult in Dagestan.6 In many Muslim regions of the former USSR mosques have often been built by donors ('businessmen') and the state, with the result that mosques are rarely connected with settlements. In contrast, in Dagestan it is settlements (jamaats) which build and manage mosques, and pay salaries to imams. For the same reason, whilst in the other Sunni regions of the former USSR the Islamic principle of the rejection of professional clergy is interpreted quite 'flexibly' and the clergy (receiving salaries from the state in various hidden forms) has been transformed into something like a sub-division in charge of ideology of the presidential or executive organ of power, in Dagestan the non-professional principle of Muslim leaders is still" }, { "paper": "2047474331", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2005", "title": "why the bush doctrine cannot be sustained", "label": [ "2779373954", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2080749944" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Why the Bush Doctrine Cannot Be Sustained", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1977601759", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2005", "title": "applicability of the generic principles of excellent public relations in a different cultural context the case study of singapore", "label": [ "148834064", "2780257311", "2776579649", "2777352838", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2316271790", "2510171750", "2306600543" ], "reference": [ "632956670", "1485977648", "1508334491", "1530823981", "1548819009", "1607073065", "1968932337", "2003867426", "2005941649", "2008913932", "2035171750", "2074266048", "2082737872", "2281205179", "2333267230", "2413944083" ], "abstract": "this study used 4 generic principles of public relations based on the excellence theory to analyze the extent to which strategic public relations management was practiced in singapore and whether public relations is part of senior management in 4 types of organizations public relations consulting firms corporations government agencies and nonprofit organizations data were collected from 127 public relations professionals using a survey questionnaire based on the excellence study in addition 22 in depth interviews were conducted and organizational publications analyzed the data revealed that the 4 generic principles studied are applicable in another culture in singapore public relations has a lower status compared with advertising or marketing public relations is also not used as a strategic business tool and professionals do not practice strategic public relations in the city state because of lack of proper training among other things thus although singapore has emerged as an asian tiger t", "title_raw": "Applicability of the Generic Principles of Excellent Public Relations in a Different Cultural Context: The Case Study of Singapore", "abstract_raw": "This study used 4 generic principles of public relations based on the Excellence Theory to analyze the extent to which strategic public relations management was practiced in Singapore and whether public relations is part of senior management in 4 types of organizations: public relations consulting firms, corporations, government agencies, and nonprofit organizations. Data were collected from 127 public relations professionals using a survey questionnaire based on the Excellence study. In addition, 22 in-depth interviews were conducted and organizational publications analyzed. The data revealed that the 4 generic principles studied are applicable in another culture. In Singapore, public relations has a lower status compared with advertising or marketing. Public relations is also not used as a strategic business tool and professionals do not practice strategic public relations in the city\u2013state because of lack of proper training, among other things. Thus, although Singapore has emerged as an \"Asian Tiger\" t..." }, { "paper": "2525933419", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "review of t kosteleck\u00fd political parties after communism developments in east central europe and i van biezen political parties in new democracies party organization in southern and east central europe", "label": [ "2777606202", "94625758", "542948173", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2893708216" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of T. Kosteleck\u00fd, Political Parties After Communism: Developments in East-Central Europe and I.van Biezen, Political Parties in New Democracies: Party Organization in Southern and East-Central Europe.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2103519271", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2005", "title": "agir par mimetisme la commission europeenne et sa politique d education", "label": [ "2776034101", "67141207" ], "author": [ "2004962217" ], "reference": [ "4371184", "77496695", "87068798", "159907366", "166465859", "390316779", "578429820", "631145212", "819946946", "1480270120", "1527217294", "1570721753", "1579409076", "1596824633", "1790190062", "1964663247", "1964876521", "1976007230", "1976817333", "1977272754", "1983313817", "1983547529", "1986828971", "2002080538", "2012285819", "2014507433", "2016194840", "2016197817", "2024115263", "2025185019", "2026740019", "2034400920", "2036005677", "2039718884", "2060433779", "2063583898", "2070677020", "2087023201", "2094140636", "2119641936", "2121393013", "2133462484", "2133636511", "2135438163", "2149558928", "2155641531", "2166243015", "2264204925", "2328186370", "2464541696" ], "abstract": "resume les acteurs individuels comme collectifs s inspirent des experiences passees au moment de la conception de leurs politiques or nous retrouvons au niveau de la politique europeenne d education et du discours que la commission de bruxelles elabore afin de justifier ses actions dans ce domaine trois dynamiques qui ont jadis joue un role important dans le cadre etatique lors du processus de construction nationale a savoir la re structuration de l univers spatial des individus appeles a composer la future communaute imaginee l edification d un cadre culturel commun ou systeme de significations partagees enfin le processus d atemporalisation naturalisation de la communaute en formation cette observation suggere que contrairement a une idee communement admise si la commission europeenne intervient dans l education depuis le debut des annees 60 ce n est pas simplement pour des raisons economiques c est a dire pour assurer la realisation pleine et entiere du marche unique mais aussi afin de developper un sentiment d appartenance a l union chez les ressortissants des etats membres autrement dit une identite euro communautaire jugee necessaire a la realisation d une union sans cesse plus etroite entre les peuples d europe abstract decision makers do not act in a policy vacuum as they develop their programmes they are aware of and influenced by available historical examples if we look closely at the european commission s education policy measures as well as discourses we notice the existence of similarities in the strategies that it deploys in this field and dynamics deployed much earlier by states engaged in nation building i e the redefinition of peoples spatial representation of their community of belonging the creation of a framework of shared values and the process of detemporalisation naturalisation this observation leads us to believe that if the european commission decided to get involved in the field of education at an early stage in the integration process it was not only as most people believe to insure an effective implementation of the common market in 1957 or of the single market in 1987 rather through its education policy the commission also hopes to create and foster a eu identity that the founding fathers and subsequent europeans considered necessary for achieving their goals of creating an ever closer union", "title_raw": "Agir par mim\u00e9tisme: la Commission europ\u00e9enne et sa politique d'\u00e9ducation", "abstract_raw": "Resume. Les acteurs individuels comme collectifs s'inspirent des experiences passees au moment de la conception de leurs politiques. Or, nous retrouvons au niveau de la politique europeenne d'education et du discours que la Commission de Bruxelles elabore afin de justifier ses actions dans ce domaine trois dynamiques qui ont jadis joue un role important, dans le cadre etatique, lors du processus de construction nationale, a savoir : la (re)structuration de l'univers spatial des individus appeles a composer la future \u201c communaute imaginee \u201d; l'edification d'un cadre culturel commun ou systeme de significations partagees; enfin, le processus d' \u201c atemporalisation-naturalisation \u201d de la communaute en formation.Cette observation suggere que, contrairement a une idee communement admise, si la Commission europeenne intervient dans l'education depuis le debut des annees 60, ce n'est pas simplement pour des raisons economiques, c'est-a-dire pour assurer la realisation pleine et entiere du marche unique, mais aussi afin de developper un sentiment d'appartenance a l'Union chez les ressortissants des Etats membres, autrement dit une identite euro-communautaire jugee necessaire a la realisation \u201c d'une union sans cesse plus etroite entre les peuples d'Europe \u201d. Abstract. Decision-makers do not act in a policy vacuum. As they develop their programmes, they are aware of and influenced by available historical examples. If we look closely at the European Commission's education policy (measures as well as discourses), we notice the existence of similarities in the strategies that it deploys in this field and dynamics deployed much earlier by states engaged in nation-building (i.e. the redefinition of peoples' spatial representation of their community of belonging; the creation of a framework of shared values; and the process of \u2018detemporalisation-naturalisation\u2019). This observation leads us to believe that if the European Commission decided to get involved in the field of education at an early stage in the integration process, it was not only\u2014as most people believe\u2014to insure an effective implementation of the Common market in 1957 or of the Single Market in 1987. Rather, through its education policy, the Commission also hopes to create and foster a EU identity that the founding fathers and subsequent \u2018Europeans\u2019 considered necessary for achieving their goals of creating \u201c an ever closer union \u201d." }, { "paper": "3021441410", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2005", "title": "twenty first century india population economy human development and the environment", "label": [ "2781089502", "547764534" ], "author": [ "2100675027", "2021411566", "2094972123" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "1 overview demography 2 india s population the past 3 mortality trends and the health transition 4 the continuing fertility transition 5 india s population the future 6 migration and urbanization retrospect and prospects social sectors and the economy 7 education and literacy 8 employment 9 the condition of the people 10 the economy the past and the future population food and environment 11 prospects for food demand and supply 12 modelling the environment 13 india s urban environment current knowledge and future possibilities 14 water 15 common pool resources policy 16 lessons and policies", "title_raw": "Twenty-first century India : population, economy, human development, and the environment", "abstract_raw": "1. Overview DEMOGRAPHY 2. India's Population: The Past 3. Mortality Trends and the Health Transition 4. The Continuing Fertility Transition 5. India's Population: The Future 6. Migration and Urbanization: Retrospect and Prospects SOCIAL SECTORS AND THE ECONOMY 7. Education and Literacy 8. Employment 9. The Condition of the People 10. The Economy, the Past, and the Future POPULATION, FOOD, AND ENVIRONMENT 11. Prospects for Food Demand and Supply 12. Modelling the Environment 13. India's Urban Environment, Current Knowledge, and Future Possibilities 14. Water 15. Common Pool Resources POLICY 16. Lessons and Policies" }, { "paper": "2106476871", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2005", "title": "the effects of universal pre k in oklahoma research highlights and policy implications", "label": [ "137403100", "5395021", "2778521920" ], "author": [ "2115545538", "2217912892" ], "reference": [ "99905271", "105656580", "130672863", "210065812", "1480647913", "1488978709", "1557912655", "1594640874", "1731306270", "1808045100", "1972815642", "1975021796", "2005379614", "2020256018", "2039849152", "2042400273", "2079872858", "2092216712", "2094591211", "2104414924", "2112644876", "2121410521", "2127635083", "2132172481", "2156697716", "2611702011", "2729289671", "2890322927", "3123306567", "3125546427" ], "abstract": "oklahoma is one of only three states in the nation to offer a free pre kindergarten pre k program to all students in participating school districts on a voluntary basis fortuitous circumstances in tulsa oklahoma the state s largest school district permitted an unusually rigorous evaluation of the pre k program in tulsa because four year olds beginning pre k and five year olds beginning kindergarten were administered the same test in september 2001 and because strict eligibility cut offs were applied based on date of birth it was possible to control for selection effects in addition to gender race ethnicity school lunch eligibility and precise date of birth the evaluation showed strong positive effects of the pre k program on children s language and cognitive test scores hispanic children benefited most from the program and black children also showed sharp gains especially when they attended full day programs the results are discussed in light of contemporary controversies regarding targeted or universal pre k programs full or part day programming public school or multiple delivery sites strategies for ensuring high quality effective programs and the need for rigorous program evaluations", "title_raw": "The Effects of Universal Pre\u2010K in Oklahoma: Research Highlights and Policy Implications", "abstract_raw": "Oklahoma is one of only three states in the nation to offer a free pre-kindergarten (pre-K) program to all students in participating school districts on a voluntary basis. Fortuitous circumstances in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the state's largest school district, permitted an unusually rigorous evaluation of the pre-K program in Tulsa. Because four-year-olds beginning pre-K and five-year-olds beginning kindergarten were administered the same test in September 2001 and because strict eligibility cut-offs were applied, based on date of birth, it was possible to control for selection effects, in addition to gender, race/ ethnicity, school lunch eligibility, and precise date of birth. The evaluation showed strong positive effects of the pre-K program on children's language and cognitive test scores. Hispanic children benefited most from the program, and black children also showed sharp gains, especially when they attended full-day programs. The results are discussed in light of contemporary controversies regarding targeted or universal pre-K programs; full-or part-day programming; public school or multiple delivery sites; strategies for ensuring high quality, effective programs; and the need for rigorous program evaluations." }, { "paper": "1483081082", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "social values and the governance of science", "label": [ "39549134", "2780328347", "27023738" ], "author": [ "2474432081", "1573304781", "2189419222", "2297698949", "2212621139", "2648530631" ], "reference": [ "2050274704", "2054564829" ], "abstract": "representative sample surveys in the united states canada and europe showed that although a majority of the public wanted science policy to be made by expert assessment of scientific evidence others wanted a stronger public voice and more weight given to moral and ethical issues the authors of this policy forum found that people9s preferences about who should govern science and on what basis were found to be related to their opinions about the utility of science and the regulation of genetically modified food and stem cell research although sound science receives a vote of confidence minority views should not be ignored", "title_raw": "Social Values and the Governance of Science", "abstract_raw": "Representative sample surveys in the United States, Canada, and Europe showed that although a majority of the public wanted science policy to be made by expert assessment of scientific evidence, others wanted a stronger public voice and more weight given to moral and ethical issues. The authors of this\n Policy Forum\n found that people9s preferences, about who should govern science and on what basis, were found to be related to their opinions about the utility of science and the regulation of genetically modified food and stem cell research. Although sound science receives a vote of confidence, minority views should not be ignored." }, { "paper": "1995470746", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2005", "title": "peace time cease fire agreements and the durability of peaceby virginia page fortna", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "225620983" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Peace Time: Cease-Fire Agreements and the Durability of Peaceby Virginia Page Fortna", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2415517942", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "french public research saved", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064", "2780090960", "94625758", "2780668109" ], "author": [ "1997559523" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "o n 7 january 2004 an open letter to the french government and the launch of the petition sauvons la recherche save research started the most powerful and spontaneous protest of scientists throughout france since the 1960s the flash point was reached after a succession of catastrophic research budgets for 3 years in a row exacerbated by last minute funding freezes and the elimination of 30 of the entry level permanent research positions this amounted to sacrificing a whole generation of young scientists the petition gathered 75 000 signatures among working scientists and support from more than 80 of the general public after a series of street demonstrations in french university towns nearly half of all french laboratory directors from the main research agencies gathered on 27 march in paris to post their resignations a week later after an opposition landslide in the regional elections president jacques chirac disowned the research policies of his previous government and asked the newly appointed ministers for education and research to reestablish the lost academic positions and even added 1050 university lecturer positions after 6 months of self organized debates in all major scientific centres 1000 french delegates met in grenoble on 29 october to finalize a voluminous report meant to inspire future reforms top government officials and national leaders of all major political parties attended this meeting figure 1 credit laurent rebours ap photo undoubtedly the longest lasting benefit of this year long movement was the realization by scientists and politicians alike that scientific research enjoyed unexpected strong support from the general public scientific research has been brought back into the political vocabulary and is now an electoral issue in november the government announced an overall 2005 budget for civilian r d of 9 27 billion euros a 10 increase the number of permanent research positions in the national agencies is also maintained and 200 temporary positions have been created to help encourage the return of foreign based french postdocs yet a closer reading of this budget casts a number of shadows one third of the money is for fiscal measures to promote industrial r d and another one third is dedicated to an ill defined national agency for research thus france is still only devoting a mere 0 60 of its gross national product to civilian public research which is short of the 1 goal that a european union directive commits us to reach by 2010 and is below the level reached in 2001 0 74 there is also frustration that a year long movement did not result in bolder proposals to reform the french academic research system and put it more in line with the organization prevailing in other leading scientific countries including our closest european partners in particular the civil servant status uniquely enjoyed by french researchers from the very beginning of their careers remains unchallenged even if it limits the number of research positions offered to postdocs and ph d students and corresponds to salaries 30 lower than those offered in germany or switzerland also unchallenged is the absence of a stringent selection process for entering french universities all of them government funded creating a population of rather unmotivated students professors are overwhelmed by teaching loads and mentoring responsibilities incompatible with serious research thus despite an increase in government support the french public research system might not retain international competitiveness without addressing these politically touchy issues offering more attractive better salary less teaching and more numerous but perhaps less secure entry level jobs will be key to retaining our most promising young scientists as well as attracting foreign based talent fortunately things are not yet settled the save research movement is gaining momentum again after the recent release of the government s first draft of the 2006 2010 research and innovation framework act some scientists are concerned that the new national agency for research is not making enough room for curiosity driven basic research and is keeping too much money away from existing agencies including cnrs and inserm having learned its lesson last year the government has already postponed the presentation of the bill until june and has promised additional rounds of consultation french research needs to be rescued but it will require restructuring of an academic system and a government agenda by saviors on both sides 1 pending yes", "title_raw": "French public research--saved?", "abstract_raw": "O n 7 January 2004, an open letter to the French government and the launch of the petition \u201cSAUVONS LA RECHERCHE\u201d (Save Research) started the most powerful and spontaneous protest of scientists throughout France since the 1960s. The flash point was reached after a succession of catastrophic research budgets for 3 years in a row, exacerbated by last-minute funding freezes and the elimination of 30% of the entry-level permanent research positions. This amounted to sacrificing a whole generation of young scientists. The petition gathered 75,000 signatures among working scientists and support from more than 80% of the general public. After a series of street demonstrations in French university towns, nearly half of all French laboratory directors from the main research agencies gathered on 27 March in Paris to post their resignations. A week later, after an opposition landslide in the regional elections, President Jacques Chirac disowned the research policies of his previous government and asked the newly appointed ministers for education and research to reestablish the lost academic positions, and even added 1050 university lecturer positions. After 6 months of self-organized debates in all major scientific centres, 1000 French delegates met in Grenoble on 29 October to finalize a voluminous report meant to inspire future reforms. Top government officials and national leaders of all major political parties attended this meeting.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: LAURENT REBOURS/AP PHOTO\n\nUndoubtedly, the longest-lasting benefit of this year-long movement was the realization by scientists and politicians alike that scientific research enjoyed unexpected strong support from the general public. \u201cScientific research\u201d has been brought back into the political vocabulary and is now an electoral issue. In November, the government announced an overall 2005 budget for civilian R&D of 9.27 billion euros, a 10% increase. The number of permanent research positions in the national agencies is also maintained, and 200 temporary positions have been created to help encourage the return of foreign-based French postdocs. Yet a closer reading of this budget casts a number of shadows: One-third of the money is for fiscal measures to promote industrial R&D, and another one-third is dedicated to an ill-defined National Agency for Research. Thus, France is still only devoting a mere 0.60% of its gross national product to civilian public research, which is short of the 1% goal that a European Union directive commits us to reach by 2010 and is below the level reached in 2001 (0.74%).\n\nThere is also frustration that a year-long movement did not result in bolder proposals to reform the French academic research system and put it more in line with the organization prevailing in other leading scientific countries, including our closest European partners. In particular, the civil servant status uniquely enjoyed by French researchers from the very beginning of their careers remains unchallenged, even if it limits the number of research positions offered to postdocs and Ph.D. students and corresponds to salaries 30% lower than those offered in Germany or Switzerland. Also unchallenged is the absence of a stringent selection process for entering French universities (all of them government-funded), creating a population of rather unmotivated students. Professors are overwhelmed by teaching loads and mentoring responsibilities incompatible with serious research. Thus, despite an increase in government support, the French public research system might not retain international competitiveness without addressing these politically touchy issues. Offering more attractive (better salary, less teaching) and more numerous (but perhaps less secure) entry-level jobs will be key to retaining our most promising young scientists as well as attracting foreign-based talent.\n\nFortunately, things are not yet settled. The Save Research movement is gaining momentum again, after the recent release of the government's first draft of the 2006\u20132010 Research and Innovation Framework Act. Some scientists are concerned that the new National Agency for Research is not making enough room for curiosity-driven basic research and is keeping too much money away from existing agencies, including CNRS and INSERM. Having learned its lesson last year, the government has already postponed the presentation of the bill until June and has promised additional rounds of consultation. French research needs to be rescued, but it will require restructuring of an academic system and a government agenda by saviors on both sides.\n\n [1]: pending:yes" }, { "paper": "60454406", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2005", "title": "jim crow s enduring legacy", "label": [ "53844881", "2777732099", "76449154", "2777351106", "2781246837", "53001019", "93377909", "94625758" ], "author": [ "3047451596" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "scholars writing about black white relations in the united states typically offer either optimistic or pessimistic narratives the former emphasize racial progress the gradual realization of american egalitarian and democratic ideals which is variously attributed to the heroic efforts of idealistic reformers mass protest movements foreign policy considerations or the impersonal forces of modernization american history and especially african american history is understood as a progression from slavery to freedom from pervasive racial segregation and discrimination to landmark civil rights reforms and affirmative action policies the pessimists in contrast call attention to the persistence of racial conflict segregation discrimination and inequality although military force civil rights legislation and federal court decisions overcame slavery and the southern jim crow system the pessimists point out that white americans still exercise political dominance on most issues of racial salience still generally have better educational and economic opportunities than do black americans and still often resist concerted efforts to reduce longstanding racial inequalities michael klarman s from jim crow to civil rights is on the pessimistic side of the spectrum offering a strong critique of the tendency of some civil rights advocates to rely too much on civil rights litigation while ignoring broader social issues during the twentieth century martin luther king jr became the prototypical racial optimist while malcolm x was usually assigned the role of his pessimistic antagonist king s optimism was most famously expressed", "title_raw": "JIM CROW'S ENDURING LEGACY", "abstract_raw": "Scholars writing about black-white relations in the United States typically offer either optimistic or pessimistic narratives. The former emphasize racial progress the gradual realization of American egalitarian and democratic ideals, which is variously attributed to the heroic efforts of idealistic reformers, mass protest movements, foreign policy considerations, or the impersonal forces of modernization. American history, and especially African American history, is understood as a progression from slavery to freedom, from pervasive racial segregation and discrimination to landmark civil rights reforms and affirmative action policies. The pessimists in contrast call attention to the persistence of racial conflict, segregation, discrimination, and inequality. Although military force, civil rights legislation, and federal court decisions overcame slavery and the southern Jim Crow system, the pessimists point out that white Americans still exercise political dominance on most issues of racial salience, still generally have better educational and economic opportunities than do black Americans, and still often resist concerted efforts to reduce longstanding racial inequalities. Michael Klarman's From Jim Crow to Civil Rights is on the pessimistic side of the spectrum, offering a strong critique of the tendency of some civil rights advocates to rely too much on civil rights litigation while ignoring broader social issues. During the twentieth century, Martin Luther King, Jr., became the prototypical racial optimist, while Malcolm X was usually assigned the role of his pessimistic antagonist. King's optimism was most famously expressed" }, { "paper": "62321874", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2005", "title": "contemporary practice of the united states relating to international law first circuit rejects sovereign immunity claim by palestinian authority", "label": [ "129161804", "55447825", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "CONTEMPORARY PRACTICE OF THE UNITED STATES RELATING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW: First Circuit Rejects Sovereign Immunity Claim by Palestinian Authority", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2388561139", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2005", "title": "comparative study on the modern music education and its reform between japan and china", "label": [ "88610354", "191935318", "134819137" ], "author": [ "2386518800" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "there were a series of reforms on music education in modern times in both of japan and china including instructional idea music educational policy and regulations music educational teaching practice etc the comparative research gives us many enlightenment and lessons", "title_raw": "Comparative study on the modern music education and its reform between Japan and China", "abstract_raw": "There were a series of reforms on music education in modern times in both of Japan and China, including instructional idea, music educational policy and regulations, music educational teaching practice, etc. The comparative research gives us many enlightenment and lessons." }, { "paper": "2412095342", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2005", "title": "recruiters and industry microsoft s european perspective", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "273660248" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Recruiters and industry. Microsoft's European perspective.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1673289529", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "scientists say genome canada s cofunding rules stymie good ideas", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "135719026" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "research managementottawa canada scientists are protesting rules about cofunding of research proposals in canada that they say are causing proposals to be rejected on financial rather than scientific grounds", "title_raw": "Scientists Say Genome Canada's Cofunding Rules Stymie Good Ideas", "abstract_raw": "RESEARCH MANAGEMENTOTTAWA, CANADA-- Scientists are protesting rules about cofunding of research proposals in Canada that they say are causing proposals to be rejected on financial rather than scientific grounds." }, { "paper": "2167624663", "venue": "160686149", "year": "2005", "title": "the janus face of brussels socialization and everyday decision making in the european union", "label": [ "44725695", "199776023", "199539241", "2780781376", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2355752800" ], "reference": [ "97012986", "159907366", "292928031", "635784281", "1539468430", "1544476761", "1557178239", "1943721943", "1978918752", "1993532006", "2009034400", "2019643641", "2026543282", "2028576507", "2029013934", "2030755269", "2032917361", "2043234688", "2043284702", "2044383365", "2060433779", "2068146412", "2070343248", "2076897437", "2083521588", "2083564545", "2084111844", "2087023201", "2093561764", "2096701932", "2097155323", "2102735710", "2116393847", "2130184970", "2134001068", "2136920707", "2142546954", "2143099036", "2147273065", "2153031274", "2155266532", "2159691769", "2164095277", "2166310630", "2316210246", "2408087362", "2586143291", "2604824382", "2607317060", "2797676887", "3081634001", "3081949511", "3122283940", "3125541971", "3149953018" ], "abstract": "this article examines the european union s committee of permanent representatives or coreper a group composed of the eu permanent representatives permreps and responsible for preparing upcoming ministerial meetings of the council as the heart of everyday decision making in the eu coreper is a key laboratory to test whether and how national officials become socialized into a brussels based collective culture and what difference this makes for eu negotiations the key scope conditions for coreper socialization are high issue density intensity and insulation from domestic politics coreper also displays a range of socialization mechanisms including strategic calculation role playing and normative suasion based on extensive interview data and a detailed case study of negotiations for a controversial eu citizenship directive this article documents a socialization pathway in coreper marked by adherence to a set of norm guided rules and principled beliefs in collectively legitimating arguments and making decisions coreper socialization does not indicate a pattern of national identities being replaced or subsumed rather the evidence points to a socialization process based on a logic of appropriateness and an expanded conception of the self for feedback on earlier versions i am grateful to the project participants and especially jeffrey checkel matthew evangelista iain johnston and michael zurn i thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the final product i also acknowledge generous support from the max planck institute for the study of societies and the american political science association s small grant program which funded portions of field research associated with this project", "title_raw": "The Janus Face of Brussels: Socialization and Everyday Decision Making in the European Union", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the European Union's Committee of Permanent Representatives, or COREPER, a group composed of the EU permanent representatives (permreps) and responsible for preparing upcoming ministerial meetings of the Council. As the heart of everyday decision making in the EU, COREPER is a key laboratory to test whether and how national officials become socialized into a Brussels-based collective culture and what difference this makes for EU negotiations. The key scope conditions for COREPER socialization are high issue density/intensity and insulation from domestic politics. COREPER also displays a range of socialization mechanisms, including strategic calculation, role playing, and normative suasion. Based on extensive interview data and a detailed case study of negotiations for a controversial EU citizenship directive, this article documents a socialization pathway in COREPER marked by adherence to a set of norm-guided rules and principled beliefs in collectively legitimating arguments and making decisions. COREPER socialization does not indicate a pattern of national identities being replaced or subsumed; rather, the evidence points to a socialization process based on a \u201clogic of appropriateness\u201d and an expanded conception of the self. For feedback on earlier versions, I am grateful to the project participants and especially Jeffrey Checkel, Matthew Evangelista, Iain Johnston, and Michael Zurn. I thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the final product. I also acknowledge generous support from the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies and the American Political Science Association's Small Grant Program, which funded portions of field research associated with this project." }, { "paper": "2045009629", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2005", "title": "book review the political economy of stalinism evidence from the soviet secret archives", "label": [ "31168002" ], "author": [ "2461824602" ], "reference": [ "1980021617", "2147111138", "2148492404", "3121147769" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: The Political Economy of Stalinism: Evidence From the Soviet Secret Archives", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "126508010", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2005", "title": "iraq learning the lessons of vietnam", "label": [ "199539241", "2779965921", "54589662", "81631423" ], "author": [ "3186722270" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "richard nixon was elected in 1968 on the assumption that he had a plan to end the vietnam war he didn t have any such plan and my job as his first secretary of defense was to remedy that quickly the only stated plan was wording i had suggested for the 1968 republican platform saying it was time to de americanize the war today nearly 37 years after nixon took office as president and i left congress to join his cabinet getting out of a war is still dicier than getting into one as president george w bush can attest there were two things in my office that first day that gave my mission clarity the first was a multivolume set of binders in my closet safe that contained a top secret history of the creeping u s entry into the war that had occurred on the watch of my predecessor robert mcnamara the report didn t remain a secret for long it was soon leaked to the new york times which nicknamed it the pentagon papers i always referred to the study as the mcnamara papers to give credit where credit belonged i didn t read the full report when i moved into the office i had already spent seven years on the defense subcommittee of the house appropriations committee listening to mcnamara justify the escalation of the war how we got into", "title_raw": "Iraq: Learning the Lessons of Vietnam", "abstract_raw": "RICHARD NIXON was elected in 1968 on the assumption that he had a plan to end the Vietnam War. He didn't have any such plan, and my job as his first secretary of defense was to remedy that-quickly. The only stated plan was wording I had suggested for the 1968 Republican platform, saying it was time to de-Americanize the war. Today, nearly 37 years after Nixon took office as president and I left Congress to join his cabinet, getting out of a war is still dicier than getting into one, as President George W. Bush can attest. There were two things in my office that first day that gave my mission clarity. The first was a multivolume set of binders in my closet safe that contained a top-secret history of the creeping U.S. entry into the war that had occurred on the watch of my predecessor, Robert McNamara. The report didn't remain a secret for long: it was soon leaked to The New York Times, which nicknamed it \"the Pentagon Papers.\" I always referred to the study as \"the McNamara Papers,\" to give credit where credit belonged. I didn't read the full report when I moved into the office. I had already spent seven years on the Defense Subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee listening to McNamara justify the escalation of the war. How we got into" }, { "paper": "2143239487", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2005", "title": "globalisation in historical perspective", "label": [ "2119116" ], "author": [ "2143308793" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Globalisation in historical perspective", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2166507050", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2005", "title": "the instruction of great catastrophe truth commissions national history and state formation in argentina chile and guatemala", "label": [ "169437150", "139621336", "199539241", "48327123", "193279874", "94625758", "555826173", "15997828", "74242886" ], "author": [ "2403889107" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "truth commissions are curious contradictory bodies 1 they often raise hope of justice symbolized by the nuremberg trials yet operate within the impoverished political possibilities that exist throughout much of the post cold war world they are rarely accompanied by prosecutions and often do not have the authority to subpoena or sanction rather than serving as instruments of justice their value is seen in the words of the south african truth and reconciliation commission in their ability to construct a historic bridge between a deeply divided past of untold suffering and a future founded on the recognition of human rights 2 over the last two decades truth commissions have been established in among other places ghana nigeria chad east germany and east timor where it is commonly asserted they marked the border between what those societies wereintolerant fevered arbitrary and what they hope they have become peaceful impartial protective yet before being adopted as a universal rite to solemnize the distinction between political liberalism and diverse forms of violent unrepresentative regimes official inquiries what came to be generally known as truth commissions into human rights abuses indexed a unique moment in latin american history as the decline of socialist movements crossed paths with ascendant efforts to consolidate liberal constitutional rule often portrayed as a transition to democracy latin america s move away from military dictatorships in the 1980s was less a transition than it was a conversion to a particular definition of democracy in the decades after world war ii there prevailed throughout the continent a social understanding of the term described by leslie bethell and ian roxborough as entailing a commit", "title_raw": "The Instruction of Great Catastrophe: Truth Commissions, national history, and state formation in Argentina, Chile, and Guatemala", "abstract_raw": "TRUTH COMMISSIONS ARE curious, contradictory bodies.1 They often raise hope of justice symbolized by the Nuremberg Trials yet operate within the impoverished political possibilities that exist throughout much of the post-Cold War world. They are rarely accompanied by prosecutions and often do not have the authority to subpoena or sanction. Rather than serving as instruments of justice, their value is seen, in the words of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, in their ability to construct a \"historic bridge\" between \"a deeply divided past of untold suffering\" and a \"future founded on the recognition of human rights.\"2 Over the last two decades, truth commissions have been established in, among other places, Ghana, Nigeria, Chad, East Germany, and East Timor, where, it is commonly asserted, they marked the border between what those societies wereintolerant, fevered, arbitrary-and what they hope they have become-peaceful, impartial, protective. Yet before being adopted as a universal rite to solemnize the distinction between political liberalism and diverse forms of violent, unrepresentative regimes, official inquiries, what came to be generally known as \"truth commissions,\" into human rights abuses indexed a unique moment in Latin American history, as the decline of socialist movements crossed paths with ascendant efforts to consolidate liberal constitutional rule. Often portrayed as a \"transition to democracy,\" Latin America's move away from military dictatorships in the 1980s was less a transition than it was a conversion to a particular definition of democracy. In the decades after World War II, there prevailed throughout the continent a social understanding of the term, described by Leslie Bethell and Ian Roxborough as entailing a \"commit-" }, { "paper": "2076440205", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2005", "title": "the development of stable party support electoral dynamics in post communist europe", "label": [ "2780093650", "137403100", "555826173" ], "author": [ "84047510" ], "reference": [ "608790516", "619283132", "1484419994", "1504705384", "1509161467", "1565589301", "1604434549", "1925504877", "1969741381", "1970550498", "1973450321", "1975582252", "1977825494", "1981993278", "1987111722", "1993330971", "1998914991", "2003968600", "2005101856", "2020694618", "2022191794", "2034301206", "2041692102", "2044453219", "2045509200", "2046074210", "2047359831", "2051269286", "2066407151", "2081838775", "2088797362", "2089060293", "2097908050", "2103281731", "2103383132", "2104863076", "2106142262", "2110537446", "2110580093", "2115074743", "2116088557", "2117260126", "2119900960", "2128358116", "2132773002", "2146913620", "2150796138", "2152682034", "2153557264", "2160576792", "2161016844", "2169636400", "2170883809", "2288019605", "2314463799", "2321731100", "2322183461", "2328499630", "2329103711", "2337173903", "2566937448", "2975225860", "3021735420", "3033193304", "3045598490" ], "abstract": "what conditions help stable patterns of party support to emerge using pooled time series cross section data on election results from 15 east european democracies the empirical analysis finds that 1 right after a regime change electoral volatility increases while the trend is reversed after democracy has endured for about a decade 2 ethnic cleavages have no effect on stability while social cleavages affect electoral stability only during economic downturns 3 both institutions and economic performance influence the stability of party support however the effect of the latter diminishes over time when democracies mature", "title_raw": "The Development of Stable Party Support: Electoral Dynamics in Post\u2010Communist Europe", "abstract_raw": "What conditions help stable patterns of party support to emerge? Using pooled time-series cross-section data on election results from 15 East European democracies, the empirical analysis finds that (1) right after a regime change electoral volatility increases while the trend is reversed after democracy has endured for about a decade; (2) ethnic cleavages have no effect on stability while social cleavages affect electoral stability only during economic downturns; (3) both institutions and economic performance influence the stability of party support; however, the effect of the latter diminishes over time when democracies mature." }, { "paper": "1997400185", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2005", "title": "commentary challenges for arab and american public relations and public diplomacy in a global age", "label": [ "3116431", "2779602731", "2779714988", "199539241", "134698397", "39549134", "2119116" ], "author": [ "2109672172" ], "reference": [ "311514989" ], "abstract": "abstract this commentary is based on the keynote address given to the international conference on public relations in the arab world in the age of globalization at the university of sharjah united arab emirates may 4 2004 it points out how proper public relations practices can help bring about improvements in the relationships between america and the arab world hiebert is professor and dean emeritus university of maryland and editor public relations review", "title_raw": "Commentary: Challenges for Arab and American public relations and public diplomacy in a global age", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This commentary is based on the keynote address given to the international conference on \u201cPublic Relations in the Arab World in the Age of Globalization\u201d at the University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, May 4, 2004. It points out how proper public relations practices can help bring about improvements in the relationships between America and the Arab world. Hiebert is Professor and Dean Emeritus, University of Maryland, and Editor, Public Relations Review ." }, { "paper": "3125693340", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2005", "title": "the security challenge of small eu member states interests identity and the development of the eu as a security actor", "label": [ "2776639384" ], "author": [ "1746185469" ], "reference": [ "63722674", "87867404", "98047416", "98579408", "178590089", "206008874", "596590507", "606059044", "1538581312", "1794968449", "1967632854", "1999547420", "2006246793", "2031131411", "2037477108", "2059416474", "2078681826", "2082476425", "2124974251", "2161656828", "2163292405", "2226764198", "2476298954", "2484945180", "2505754747", "3123258399", "3124899173" ], "abstract": "how are small eu member states affected by the development of the european union eu as a security actor this article argues that the european integration project emerged as an almost ideal security organization for the region s small states after the cold war but that subsequent development challenges important aspects of the security identity and interests of small eu member states even though the eu continues as an attractive security organization for most small states in the region they must now reconsider some of their most basic strategic choices in order to meet the challenges and maximize influence over future developments", "title_raw": "The Security Challenge of Small EU Member States: Interests, Identity and the Development of the EU as a Security Actor*", "abstract_raw": "How are small EU Member States affected by the development of the European Union (EU) as a security actor? This article argues that the European integration project emerged as an almost ideal security organization for the region\u2019s small states after the cold war, but that subsequent development challenges important aspects of the security identity and interests of small EU Member States. Even though the EU continues as an attractive security organization for most small states in the region, they must now reconsider some of their most basic strategic choices in order to meet the challenges and maximize influence over future developments." }, { "paper": "2033340142", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2005", "title": "the 2004 presidential election the emergence of a permanent majority", "label": [ "2776129789", "59742305" ], "author": [ "2126675941", "2333378941", "2618117477" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The 2004 Presidential Election: The Emergence of a Permanent Majority?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2118883032", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2005", "title": "party discipline with legislative initiative", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431", "158071213", "83009810", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2135075244" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article analyses the role of parties in political systems with legislative initiative the model explicitly takes into account the multi district nature of elections so that voters recognize that they are not voting for a policy but for members of a policy making body in this setting parties can attain their ideological goals without resorting to extreme discipline of their members in the legislature with respect to the electorate although voters are endowed with perfect information about their candidates ideological stance this model explains how the legislature will display correlation across ideology and party a feature often attributed to imperfect information", "title_raw": "Party Discipline with Legislative Initiative", "abstract_raw": "This article analyses the role of parties in political systems with legislative initiative. The model explicitly takes into account the multi-district nature of elections so that voters recognize that they are not voting for a policy but for members of a policy-making body. In this setting, parties can attain their ideological goals without resorting to extreme discipline of their members in the legislature. With respect to the electorate, although voters are endowed with perfect information about their candidates' ideological stance, this model explains how the legislature will display correlation across ideology and party, a feature often attributed to imperfect information." }, { "paper": "2330150661", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2005", "title": "philippine defense policy in the 21st century autonomous defense or back to the alliance", "label": [ "3116431", "2779010840", "148834064", "2778431023", "203133693", "53844881" ], "author": [ "2109620257" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a result of the philippine senate s decision not to ratify a new base treaty on september 16 1991 the united states withdrew its forces from the philippines in november 1992 this event heralded manila s attempts to discontinue its alliance based defense policy and forge an independent defense capability the philippine government announced its plan to modernize its armed forces through the acquisition of modern aircraft fast attack crafts reconnaissance aircraft and corvettes in the postus bases era the philippine government appeared determined to undertake a series of decisions and actions aimed at developing an autonomous defense posture unfortunately such attempts began to falter less than two years after the philippine government passed a law in 1995 providing for the modernization of the armed forces of the philippines afp the financially constrained afp could barely cover its basic manpower and logistics requirements and even a modest modernization programme had to be put on the back burner thus a few years after the withdrawal of american forces from the country the philippines began looking again to the us for its defense needs in 1998 manila formulated a visiting forces agreement with washington authorizing the resumption of large scale cooperative military activities between the two countries the terrorist attacks in new york and", "title_raw": "Philippine Defense Policy in the 21st Century: Autonomous Defense or Back to the Alliance?", "abstract_raw": "a result of the Philippine Senate's decision not to ratify a new base treaty on September 16, 1991, the United States withdrew its forces from the Philippines in November 1992. This event heralded Manila's attempts to discontinue its alliance-based defense policy and forge an independent defense capability. The Philippine government announced its plan to modernize its armed forces through the acquisition of modern aircraft, fast-attack crafts, reconnaissance aircraft and corvettes. In the postUS bases era, the Philippine government appeared determined to undertake a series of decisions and actions aimed at developing an autonomous defense posture. Unfortunately, such attempts began to falter less than two years after the Philippine government passed a law in 1995, providing for the modernization of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) . The financially constrained AFP could barely cover its basic manpower and logistics requirements, and even a modest modernization programme had to be put on the back burner. Thus, a few years after the withdrawal of American forces from the country, the Philippines began looking again to the US for its defense needs. In 1998, Manila formulated a visiting forces agreement with Washington, authorizing the resumption of large-scale cooperative military activities between the two countries. The terrorist attacks in New York and" }, { "paper": "1976569269", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2005", "title": "our can do governmentpaul c light 2002 government s greatest achievements from civil rights to homeland security washington dc brookings institution 241 pp", "label": [ "506469952", "2780510313", "148834064", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2340319204" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Our \u201cCan-Do\u201d GovernmentPaul C. Light. 2002. Government's Greatest Achievements: From Civil Rights to Homeland Security. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. 241 pp.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2167416950", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2005", "title": "reporting the polls in 2004", "label": [ "39549134", "2779509655", "2776129789", "134698397", "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2315110738" ], "reference": [ "1479859493", "1591634667", "1974645880", "1997291239", "2006640003", "2110763021", "2140622867", "2143681241", "2154529659", "2172299554", "2287290576", "3121532389" ], "abstract": "media reports of polls indicate how well public opinion polls have been integrated into campaign coverage this article exam ines how polls were used in 2004 although there were relatively lim ited methodological changes in how polls were conducted in 2004 there were changes in how the polls were treated in the media americans in 2004 were subjected to intense debates about polls and to as much reporting about the polls as there was of the polls themselves the dis cussion of the polls in 2004 included claims of electability during the democratic nominating process increased reporting about methodolog ical issues and heightened political criticisms of the polls the article concludes with a discussion of the current state and the future of news polling", "title_raw": "Reporting \u201cThe Polls\u201d in 2004", "abstract_raw": "Media reports of polls indicate how well public opinion polls have been integrated into campaign coverage. This article exam- ines how polls were used in 2004. Although there were relatively lim- ited methodological changes in how polls were conducted in 2004, there were changes in how the polls were treated in the media. Americans in 2004 were subjected to intense debates about polls and to as much reporting about \"the polls\" as there was of the polls themselves. The dis- cussion of \"the polls\" in 2004 included claims of electability during the Democratic nominating process, increased reporting about methodolog- ical issues, and heightened political criticisms of \"the polls.\" The article concludes with a discussion of the current state and the future of news polling." }, { "paper": "2024951909", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2005", "title": "direct or indirect assessing two approaches to the measurement of strategic voting", "label": [ "39549134", "2777582232", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2145484111", "2099010851", "2688173905" ], "reference": [ "196270003", "1533686470", "1562729184", "1965609013", "1974645880", "1977418882", "1995799942", "2015290647", "2037668165", "2039450672", "2053158657", "2054774352", "2066394572", "2069707133", "2069777574", "2077414835", "2093677302", "2099114211", "2106352070", "2140622867", "2145959991", "2157703501", "2333521714", "2477850404", "2884914798" ], "abstract": "abstract this paper fits into a growing literature about the conceptualisation and measurement of strategic voting here we compare the results obtained by applying a direct method of measurement based on respondents reported preferences and behavior with those produced by an indirect method that relies on modeling the voting act in both the absence and presence of variables about the parties chances of winning our data are derived from a three party contest in an single member plurality system the 1999 election in the province of ontario we find that the two methods converge closely in predicting the aggregate amount of strategic voting a surprisingly low 4 6 the direct method however is more useful when it comes to identifying which particular individuals did and did not vote strategically", "title_raw": "Direct or indirect? Assessing two approaches to the measurement of strategic voting", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This paper fits into a growing literature about the conceptualisation and measurement of strategic voting. Here we compare the results obtained by applying a \u2018direct\u2019 method of measurement based on respondents' reported preferences and behavior with those produced by an \u2018indirect\u2019 method that relies on modeling the voting act in both the absence and presence of variables about the parties' chances of winning. Our data are derived from a three-party contest in an single-member plurality system, the 1999 election in the province of Ontario. We find that the two methods converge closely in predicting the aggregate amount of strategic voting, a surprisingly low 4\u20136%. The direct method, however, is more useful when it comes to identifying which particular individuals did and did not vote strategically." }, { "paper": "2042328530", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2005", "title": "seeking justices the judging of supreme court nomineesby michael comiskey", "label": [ "2778272461", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2018058718" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Seeking Justices: The Judging of Supreme Court Nomineesby Michael Comiskey", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1974984014", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2005", "title": "conservation in myanmar under the gun", "label": [ "169437150", "98383816", "199539241", "10180917", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2728707856" ], "reference": [ "2070871476" ], "abstract": "western conservation biologists working in myanmar have been accused of colluding with a brutal military regime charges they deny duncan graham rowe reports from this pariah state the military junta in myanmar formerly burma has been widely criticized for human rights abuses but ecosystems there are under threat can conservationists from the west work there with a clear conscience", "title_raw": "Conservation in Myanmar: Under the gun", "abstract_raw": "Western conservation biologists working in Myanmar have been accused of colluding with a brutal military regime \u2014 charges they deny. Duncan Graham-Rowe reports from this pariah state. The military junta in Myanmar, formerly Burma, has been widely criticized for human rights abuses. But ecosystems there are under threat. Can conservationists from the West work there with a clear conscience?" }, { "paper": "2113175066", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2005", "title": "corruption and market in contemporary china by y an s un ithaca ny cornell university press 2004 272 pp hard cover 49 95 isbn 0 8014 4284 2 paperback 21 00 isbn 0 8 8014 8942 3", "label": [ "2780889827", "199539241", "2776398702", "201342494", "191935318", "2776034101", "8795937", "2776529561" ], "author": [ "2479333878" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in corruption and market in contemporary china yan sun seeks to describe in qualitative terms corruption in post mao china and assess its consequences corruption is not she argues a unitary phenomena but rather consists of a variety of different forms of malfeasance whereby officials use the public authority granted them by right of their positions to seek private gains differences in form imply differences in result thus we might presume it makes a difference if an official loots the treasury and absconds to the cayman islands or if she accepts a minor bribe in return for granting a business licence to an entrepreneur who goes on to establish a flourishing business empire in trying to describe chinese corruption sun faces a herculean task since 1979 the ministry of supervision and the party s discipline inspection commission have disciplined three million cadres and the judicial procuratorate has prosecuted one million cases of economic and disciplinary crime even given detailed and systematic data the task of cataloguing the multitudinous forms of corruption and then characterizing them into a manageable typology would be a formidable analytic task such data are however lacking sun is therefore forced to turn to case data drawn from a variety of compilations and collections these data are problematic as sun recognizes because of sampling error and selection bias using her database which consists of approximately 1 300 mostly senior level cases supplemented by data from official and unofficial chinese sources sun breaks corruption down into two major categories transactive and nontransactive differentiating between exchanges between state officials and private interests e g bribery and the theft of state assets by officials e g embezzlement she then disaggregates these categories into 11 subcategories and 27 specific forms she further differentiates between two periods pre 1992 and post 1992 and breaks corruption down along regional lines", "title_raw": "Corruption and Market in Contemporary China . By Y AN S UN . [Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004. 272 pp. Hard cover $49.95, ISBN 0-8014-4284-2; paperback $21.00, ISBN 0-8-8014-8942-3.].", "abstract_raw": "In Corruption and Market in Contemporary China , Yan Sun seeks to describe, in qualitative terms, corruption in post-Mao China and assess its consequences. Corruption is not, she argues, a unitary phenomena but rather consists of a variety of different forms of malfeasance whereby officials use the public authority granted them by right of their positions to seek private gains. Differences in form imply differences in result. Thus, we might presume it makes a difference if an official loots the treasury and absconds to the Cayman Islands or if she accepts a minor bribe in return for granting a business licence to an entrepreneur who goes on to establish a flourishing business empire. In trying to describe Chinese corruption, Sun faces a Herculean task. Since 1979, the Ministry of Supervision and the Party's Discipline Inspection Commission have disciplined three million cadres and the judicial Procuratorate has prosecuted one million cases of economic and disciplinary crime. Even given detailed and systematic data, the task of cataloguing the multitudinous forms of corruption and then characterizing them into a manageable typology would be a formidable analytic task. Such data are, however, lacking. Sun is therefore forced to turn to case data drawn from a variety of compilations and collections. These data are problematic \u2013 as Sun recognizes \u2013 because of sampling error and selection bias. Using her database (which consists of approximately 1,300 mostly senior-level cases), supplemented by data from official and unofficial Chinese sources, Sun breaks corruption down into two major categories, transactive and nontransactive, differentiating between exchanges between state officials and private interests (e.g. bribery), and the theft of state assets by officials (e.g. embezzlement). She then disaggregates these categories into 11 subcategories and 27 specific forms. She further differentiates between two periods (pre-1992 and post-1992) and breaks corruption down along regional lines." }, { "paper": "2305026486", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2005", "title": "contemporary practice of the united states relating to international law controversy continues regarding detainees held by the cia renditions to other countries", "label": [ "199539241", "55447825" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "CONTEMPORARY PRACTICE OF THE UNITED STATES RELATING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW: Controversy Continues Regarding Detainees Held by the CIA, Renditions to Other Countries", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2155939524", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2005", "title": "recent articles in the field of public opinion research", "label": [ "3116431", "39549134", "134698397" ], "author": [ "1985559374" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Recent Articles in the Field of Public Opinion Research", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1973546248", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2005", "title": "voter turnout in undergraduate student government elections", "label": [ "148834064", "3116431", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2666715072", "2157808498" ], "reference": [ "193101298", "1976667618", "2009804874", "2017326478", "2035534527", "2070269633", "2090873117", "2097525442", "2099856122", "2106605967", "2119820089", "2132590432", "2280197760", "2316984839", "2321263272", "2329648039", "2332322953", "2342894228" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Voter Turnout in Undergraduate Student Government Elections", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1993388669", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2005", "title": "polarized politics and the 2004 congressional and presidential elections", "label": [ "2776742560", "197487636", "2776051254", "2779509655", "3116431", "2777582232" ], "author": [ "2169585288" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the 2004 elections left the republican party in its strongest posi tion since herbert hoover was elected president seventy six years ago george w bush won reelection by a modest but unambiguous margin bush won the popular vote but by the narrowest percentage of any reelected president in history 50 7 percent to john kerry s 48 3 percent of the popular vote while the republicans solidified their congressional majorities by adding three house seats and four senate seats the election was not however a ringing electoral endorsement of the administration s or the republican congress s performance nor did it represent any global shift in public sentiment to the republican side rather it was the product of two salient features of present day american poli tics the substantial structural advantage republicans now enjoy in the struggle for control of congress and the extraordinarily polarized public reactions to the bush administration sentiments that found their fullest expression in the presi dential contest but also spilled over into congressional races although strengthen ing the republican grip on power the outcome did not break the national stale mate reflected in election results and public opinion polls over the past decade and it is likely to intensify rather than diminish the level of partisan conflict among leaders and ordinary americans alike during the second bush administration table 1 summarizes the congressional results the election brought little change to the house only seven of the 402 incumbents who sought reelection were defeated and four of the seven were victims of a republican gerrymander in texas discussed below not swings in voter sentiment the party already in control held onto twenty seven of the thirty four open seats those vacated by", "title_raw": "Polarized Politics and the 2004 Congressional and Presidential Elections", "abstract_raw": "The 2004 elections left the Republican Party in its strongest posi tion since Herbert Hoover was elected president seventy-six years ago. George W. Bush won reelection by a modest but unambiguous margin?Bush won the popular vote, but by the narrowest percentage of any reelected president in history?(50.7 percent to John Kerry's 48.3 percent of the popular vote), while the Republicans solidified their congressional majorities by adding three House seats and four Senate seats. The election was not, however, a ringing electoral endorsement of the administration's or the Republican Congress's performance, nor did it represent any global shift in public sentiment to the Republican side. Rather, it was the product of two salient features of present-day American poli tics: the substantial structural advantage Republicans now enjoy in the struggle for control of Congress, and the extraordinarily polarized public reactions to the Bush administration, sentiments that found their fullest expression in the presi dential contest but also spilled over into congressional races. Although strengthen ing the Republican grip on power, the outcome did not break the national stale mate reflected in election results and public opinion polls over the past decade, and it is likely to intensify rather than diminish the level of partisan conflict among leaders and ordinary Americans alike during the second Bush administration. Table 1 summarizes the congressional results. The election brought little change to the House. Only seven of the 402 incumbents who sought reelection were defeated, and four of the seven were victims of a Republican gerrymander in Texas (discussed below), not swings in voter sentiment. The party already in control held onto twenty-seven of the thirty-four open seats (those vacated by" }, { "paper": "1999760776", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2005", "title": "tourism from above and below globalization localization and new orleans s mardi gras", "label": [ "18918823", "2119116" ], "author": [ "1798501290" ], "reference": [ "270614254", "405244616", "611139877", "651040445", "653912109", "1481749447", "1485109404", "1486705910", "1516321019", "1524984549", "1532443266", "1533200881", "1536630886", "1565500785", "1571277225", "1602300561", "1964340118", "1967660573", "1969711819", "1971165965", "1973893364", "1984759356", "1987419977", "1988805172", "2004038836", "2006088261", "2006677599", "2006932002", "2007122529", "2012817780", "2014253643", "2017131331", "2027553719", "2030217801", "2030558507", "2030621820", "2041660848", "2041770328", "2047666674", "2051701647", "2051799795", "2053120142", "2053504889", "2060208827", "2072211849", "2077788593", "2080017037", "2080678021", "2090225350", "2119875501", "2143529041", "2151527918", "2157419213", "2158499134", "2162319263", "2318399329", "2335099568", "2478146454", "2484803044", "2506915482", "2999501896", "3090552484", "3126349953" ], "abstract": "scholars currently debate whether tourism is a force of standardization that eradicates local cultures and traditions or whether tourism is a force of heterogeneity that enhances place distinctiveness this article uses a case study of the mardi gras celebration in new orleans to explain the connections between global forces and local actions in the development of urban tourism i argue that the globalization and localization of mardi gras are occurring simultaneously with the result being a mix of homogenizing and particularizing influences in new orleans i develop this argument by distinguishing between tourism from above and tourism from below a distinction that helps to explain how tourism can help undermine as well as promote local differences tourism from above refers to the global level forces of commodification standardization and rationalization that affect all cities tourism from below refers to the ways in which local groups and individuals resist the homogenizing effects of globalized tourism and use tourism to anchor mardi gras in place and create new carnival traditions analysis of global local connections in tourism provides an important opportunity for theoretical development and offers a unique perspective for understanding tourism as a process of globalization and localization les intellectuels s interrogent actuellement sur le fait que le tourisme soit ou non une force de normalisation capable d eliminer cultures et traditions locales ou une force d heterogeneite qui renforce le caractere distinctif des lieux utilisant une etude de cas sur la celebration de mardi gras a la nouvelle orleans l article explique les relations entre forces mondiales et actions locales dans le developpement du tourisme urbain mondialisation et localisation de cette fete se produisent simultanement se traduisant dans la ville par une combinaison d influences homogeneisantes et singularisantes la demonstration etablit ensuite une distinction entre tourisme par le haut et tourisme par le bas qui permet d eclaircir comment l activite peut contribuer tant a attenuer qu a favoriser les differences locales le tourisme par le haut s applique aux forces mondiales de banalisation normalisation et rationalisation qui touchent toutes les grandes villes le tourisme par le bas portent sur les moyens qu appliquent groupes et individus locaux dans le but de resister aux effets homogeneisateurs du tourisme mondialise et de se servir de cette activite pour ancrer mardi gras dans le lieu et creer de nouvelles traditions carnavalesques l analyse des relations entre les plans mondial et local dans le domaine du tourisme offre une possibilite interessante de theorisation et une perspective unique d apprehension du tourisme comme processus de mondialisation et localisation", "title_raw": "Tourism from Above and Below: Globalization, Localization and New Orleans's Mardi Gras", "abstract_raw": "Scholars currently debate whether tourism is a force of standardization that eradicates local cultures and traditions or whether tourism is a force of heterogeneity that enhances place distinctiveness. This article uses a case study of the Mardi Gras celebration in New Orleans to explain the connections between global forces and local actions in the development of urban tourism. I argue that the globalization and localization of Mardi Gras are occurring simultaneously with the result being a mix of homogenizing and particularizing influences in New Orleans. I develop this argument by distinguishing between \u2018tourism from above\u2019 and \u2018tourism from below\u2019, a distinction that helps to explain how tourism can help undermine as well as promote local differences. \u2018Tourism from above\u2019 refers to the global level forces of commodification, standardization and rationalization that affect all cities. \u2018Tourism from below\u2019 refers to the ways in which local groups and individuals resist the homogenizing effects of globalized tourism and use tourism to anchor Mardi Gras in place and create new carnival traditions. Analysis of global-local connections in tourism provides an important opportunity for theoretical development and offers a unique perspective for understanding tourism as a process of globalization and localization.\r\n\r\nLes intellectuels s\u2019interrogent actuellement sur le fait que le tourisme soit ou non une force de normalisation capable d\u2019eliminer cultures et traditions locales, ou une force d\u2019heterogeneite qui renforce le caractere distinctif des lieux. Utilisant une etude de cas sur la celebration de Mardi gras a la Nouvelle-Orleans, l\u2019article explique les relations entre forces mondiales et actions locales dans le developpement du tourisme urbain: mondialisation et localisation de cette fete se produisent simultanement, se traduisant dans la ville par une combinaison d\u2019influences homogeneisantes et singularisantes. La demonstration etablit ensuite une distinction entre \u2018tourisme par le haut\u2019 et \u2018tourisme par le bas\u2019 qui permet d\u2019eclaircir comment l\u2019activite peut contribuer tant a attenuer qu\u2019a favoriser les differences locales. Le \u2018tourisme par le haut\u2019 s\u2019applique aux forces mondiales de banalisation, normalisation et rationalisation qui touchent toutes les grandes villes. Le \u2018tourisme par le bas\u2019 portent sur les moyens qu\u2019appliquent groupes et individus locaux dans le but de resister aux effets homogeneisateurs du tourisme mondialise et de se servir de cette activite pour ancrer Mardi gras dans le lieu et creer de nouvelles traditions carnavalesques. L\u2019analyse des relations entre les plans mondial et local dans le domaine du tourisme offre une possibilite interessante de theorisation et une perspective unique d\u2019apprehension du tourisme comme processus de mondialisation et localisation." }, { "paper": "2163568390", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "politics from anarchy to democracy rational choice in political science", "label": [ "58805660", "20429076", "555826173", "188888794", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2603151345" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Politics from Anarchy to Democracy: Rational Choice in Political Science", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2167242989", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2005", "title": "a human rights law of internal armed conflict the european court of human rights in chechnya", "label": [ "86615163", "169437150", "199539241", "55447825", "42027317", "95691615", "183763965", "177986884", "140280474" ], "author": [ "2002209730" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the cases on chechnya recently decided by the european court of human rights force us to re evaluate the relationship between human rights law and humanitarian law since the international court of justice held that humanitarian law is lex specialis to human rights law in 1996 if not since the tehran conference of 1968 it has been widely accepted that human rights in armed conflict refers to humanitarian law the ecthr has directly applied human rights law to the conduct of hostilities in internal armed conflicts the rules it has applied may prove controversial but humanitarian law s limited substantive scope and poor record of achieving compliance in internal armed conflicts suggest the importance of this new approach", "title_raw": "A Human Rights Law of Internal Armed Conflict: The European Court of Human Rights in Chechnya", "abstract_raw": "The cases on Chechnya recently decided by the European Court of Human Rights force us to re-evaluate the relationship between human rights law and humanitarian law. Since the International Court of Justice held that humanitarian law is lex specialis to human rights law in 1996 - if not since the Tehran Conference of 1968 - it has been widely accepted that 'human rights in armed conflict' refers to humanitarian law. The ECtHR has directly applied human rights law to the conduct of hostilities in internal armed conflicts. The rules it has applied may prove controversial, but humanitarian law's limited substantive scope and poor record of achieving compliance in internal armed conflicts suggest the importance of this new approach." }, { "paper": "2384730799", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2005", "title": "accountability of higher education in the united kingdom and its inspirations", "label": [ "3116431", "120912362", "148834064", "39549134", "2776007630" ], "author": [ "2644745329" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "accountability an important means for the government social institutions or individuals to supervise the utilization of resources in public higher education institutions heis plays the significant role in the uk higher education management in the customer oriented age heis have to give response to various needs requested by the stakeholders however due to the different requests from different stakeholders the relevant responses exert unnecessary burdens on the heis in order to solve the problem four principles of effective accountability were put forward by higher education funding council for england and have achieved good results in practice", "title_raw": "Accountability of higher education in the United Kingdom and its inspirations", "abstract_raw": "Accountability,an important means for the government,social institutions or individuals to supervise the utilization of resources in public higher education institutions(HEIs),plays the significant role in the UK higher education management.In the \"customer-oriented\" age,HEIs have to give response to various needs requested by the stakeholders.However,due to the different requests from different stakeholders,the relevant responses exert unnecessary burdens on the HEIs.In order to solve the problem,four principles of effective accountability were put forward by Higher Education Funding Council for England,and have achieved good results in practice." }, { "paper": "2100969447", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2005", "title": "ethnicity and trust evidence from russia", "label": [ "107344746", "148834064", "137403100" ], "author": [ "2572706914", "887539121", "2630884515", "2984805608" ], "reference": [ "1537646239", "1540157508", "1560718776", "1577860729", "1969298849", "1969913804", "1978999335", "1988784003", "1989403579", "1991429816", "2002274075", "2005474264", "2012073858", "2029712675", "2038024473", "2041692102", "2052727707", "2062320599", "2071223318", "2090202584", "2097087195", "2098644581", "2101736928", "2102479365", "2109469951", "2118549945", "2125260296", "2128487291", "2135572873", "2144354189", "2147244728", "2152025942", "2164947310", "2166803258", "2316231696", "2548209690", "2799113173", "2900835707", "3121415352", "3122704328", "3122922095", "3124159295", "3124906458", "3125026485", "3125274274", "3125610041", "3149953018", "3150789905" ], "abstract": "the willingness to trust strangers has been associated with a variety of public benefits from greater civic mindedness and more honest government to higher rates of economic growth and more but a growing body of research finds that such generalized trust is far more common in ethnically homogeneous than in more diverse societies ethnic difference is believed to breed more particularistic ingroup ties thus undermining both generalized and cross ethnic trust we argue that this image is too narrow and we propose a broader model to identify the factors that give rise to cross ethnic trust using data from two minority regions of russia we find considerable support for the model we also find that high ingroup or particularistic trust is no barrier to faith in another ethnic group", "title_raw": "Ethnicity and Trust: Evidence from Russia", "abstract_raw": "The willingness to trust strangers has been associated with a variety of public benefits, from greater civic-mindedness and more honest government to higher rates of economic growth, and more. But a growing body of research finds that such generalized trust is far more common in ethnically homogeneous than in more diverse societies. Ethnic difference is believed to breed more particularistic, ingroup ties, thus undermining both generalized and cross-ethnic trust. We argue that this image is too narrow, and we propose a broader model to identify the factors that give rise to cross-ethnic trust. Using data from two minority regions of Russia, we find considerable support for the model. We also find that high ingroup or particularistic trust is no barrier to faith in another ethnic group." }, { "paper": "1494711056", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "the mind of the terrorist", "label": [ "203133693" ], "author": [ "2188333814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Mind of the Terrorist", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2103199432", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2005", "title": "china s new nationalism pride politics and diplomacyby peter hays gries", "label": [ "521449643", "94625758", "3116431", "191935318", "2779728303" ], "author": [ "714378427" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China's New Nationalism: Pride, Politics, and Diplomacyby Peter Hays Gries", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2384159846", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2005", "title": "classification of higher education institutions of china", "label": [ "148834064", "120912362", "191935318" ], "author": [ "854931932" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "classification of chinese higher education institutions has attracted wide attentions in china in this paper a set of criteria has been established for the classification of chinese higher education institutions by considering the carnegie classification and the chi nese reality specifically speaking it contains four indicators students number of different level ratio between the undergraduate and the supreme level students main product of scientific research research grants and aids from government therefore we may set up our standard of classification of higher education in china", "title_raw": "Classification of higher education institutions of China", "abstract_raw": "Classification of Chinese higher education institutions has attracted wide attentions in China. In this paper, a set of criteria has been established for the classification of Chinese higher education institutions, by considering the Carnegie Classification and the Chi nese reality. Specifically speaking, it contains four indicators: students number of different level; ratio between the undergraduate and the supreme level students; main product of scientific research; research grants and aids from government. Therefore we may set up our standard of classification of higher education in China." }, { "paper": "2096414074", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2005", "title": "the sociospatial exclusion of single homeless people in berlin and los angeles", "label": [ "129603779", "100243477", "109986646", "2780652975" ], "author": [ "2330513131" ], "reference": [ "55079001", "407578679", "604035384", "605216057", "625364155", "1531803205", "1533786289", "1553996617", "1573302411", "1759551649", "1976884114", "1994380468", "1995489155", "2005045396", "2013183726", "2013189440", "2015783532", "2026730143", "2063046680", "2065384117", "2071271383", "2109040701", "2123315669", "2127657975", "2329887078", "2731883999", "2892505814", "2892801274", "2991952346", "3184883990" ], "abstract": "this article examines the effects of homeless policy on single homeless people s exit potential in los angeles and berlin germany to understand why the numbers and characteristics of the city s homeless populations are similar despite different welfare systems the article shows that homeless people in both places are similarly affected by local welfare state deficiencies by displacement and criminalization and by the containment of services in inhospitable urban areas the combined effect of such policy practices is that homeless people in both cities become both socially and spatially excluded with negative ramifications on their ability to overcome homelessness", "title_raw": "The Sociospatial Exclusion of Single Homeless People in Berlin and Los Angeles", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the effects of homeless policy on single homeless people\u2019s exit potential in Los Angeles and Berlin, Germany, to understand why the numbers and characteristics of the city\u2019s homeless populations are similar despite different welfare systems. The article shows that homeless people in both places are similarly affected by local welfare state deficiencies, by displacement and criminalization, and by the containment of services in inhospitable urban areas. The combined effect of such policy practices is that homeless people in both cities become both socially and spatially excluded with negative ramifications on their ability to overcome homelessness." }, { "paper": "1972124555", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2005", "title": "the personal and the political in repeat congressional candidacies", "label": [ "94625758", "59742305", "2777582232", "2775925287", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2147059992", "2021063213" ], "reference": [ "624913582", "1497013238", "1525420798", "1564625487", "1600999817", "1966743310", "1987204889", "1999242402", "2011977971", "2020694618", "2030295017", "2034316433", "2044114091", "2047708527", "2061873830", "2063236012", "2077662910", "2081020279", "2085322406", "2090939951", "2105009130", "2105502346", "2137791744", "2142438898", "2144433848", "2153521369", "2158057241", "2158997225", "2167257760", "2321561484", "2329174080", "2329352971", "2330073384", "2330222679", "2330381536", "2331154619", "2331353893", "2332135112", "2795858541", "3034194728", "3121797019", "3123227173", "3124080679" ], "abstract": "analyses of the decision to run for the u s house are generally based on the self reported motivations of a sample of candidates or potential candidates in this article we take a different approach we use a quasi experimental design to model the decision of a losing candidate to initiate or reject an immediate repeat match up against the person to whom they lost in the general election of the previous cycle of these potential repeaters we look at strong challengers those who lost but secured more than 40 percent of the vote we find the decision to repeat to be shaped at least somewhat by evaluations of the candidate s chances of winning the party s nomination and her personal desires and abilities however when we examine only strategic potential repeaters those who lost in an open seat contest the first time around we find the decision to repeat to be driven largely by broader political or partisan trends that affect the candidate s evaluation of her chances of winning the general election thi", "title_raw": "The Personal and the Political in Repeat Congressional Candidacies", "abstract_raw": "Analyses of the decision to run for the U.S. House are generally based on the self-reported motivations of a sample of candidates or potential candidates. In this article we take a different approach. We use a quasi-experimental design to model the decision of a losing candidate to initiate or reject an immediate repeat match-up against the person to whom they lost in the general election of the previous cycle. Of these potential repeaters we look at \u201cstrong\u201d challengers\u2014those who lost but secured more than 40 percent of the vote. We find the decision to repeat to be shaped at least somewhat by evaluations of the candidate\u2019s chances of winning the party\u2019s nomination and her personal desires and abilities. However, when we examine only \u201cstrategic\u201d potential repeaters\u2014those who lost in an open seat contest the first time around\u2014we find the decision to repeat to be driven largely by broader political or partisan trends that affect the candidate\u2019s evaluation of her chances of winning the general election. Thi..." }, { "paper": "2588642676", "venue": "143668711", "year": "2005", "title": "the science glass ceiling academic women scientists and the struggle to succeedrossersue v new york routledge 2004 165 pp 23 95 paper", "label": [ "2779674044" ], "author": [ "2250424069" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Science Glass Ceiling: Academic Women Scientists and the Struggle to SucceedRosserSue V.. New York: Routledge, 2004. 165 pp. $23.95, paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2121789399", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2005", "title": "electoral reforms membership stability and the existence of committee property rights in american state legislatures", "label": [ "83009810", "2780849931", "22299250", "2776398702", "30231744", "86511162", "3116431", "2777094542" ], "author": [ "2074206801", "2002602557", "1903868969", "1995092393" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Electoral Reforms, Membership Stability and the Existence of Committee Property Rights in American State Legislatures", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2165334273", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2005", "title": "corruption by design building clean government in mainland china and hong kong by m elanie m anion cambridge ma harvard university press 2004 x 283 pp 32 95 isbn 0 674 01486 3", "label": [ "148834064", "201342494", "107029721" ], "author": [ "2479333878" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Corruption By Design: Building Clean Government in Mainland China and Hong Kong . By M ELANIE M ANION . [Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004. x+283 pp. \u00a332.95. ISBN 0-674-01486-3]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2059196894", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2005", "title": "party types organisation and functions", "label": [ "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2151204424" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "2005 party types organisation and functions west european politics vol 28 no 1 pp 5 32", "title_raw": "Party Types, Organisation and Functions", "abstract_raw": "(2005). Party Types, Organisation and Functions. West European Politics: Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 5-32." }, { "paper": "2050996151", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2005", "title": "variations on a theme", "label": [ "17058734", "197487636", "503602615", "94625758", "555826173", "131364728", "206261972", "2776154427" ], "author": [ "1978736112" ], "reference": [ "639141734", "1540624329", "1869198985", "1968837954", "2009460750", "2019964495", "2041918106", "2046883455", "2056720499", "2064588814", "2116664031", "2117600384", "2149934377", "2319674521", "2326792089", "3186905480" ], "abstract": "the scholarly debate on the advantages and disadvantages of the two dominant democratic regime types presidentialism and parliamentarism gained prominence during the third wave of democratization discussions of the inherent perils of presidentialism and the unequivocally virtuous nature of parliamentarism were especially salient during the 1990s but they remain important to this day in the past few years democratizing countries such as afghanistan east timor and iraq have faced or are still facing tough choices as to regime constitution moreover a number of established democracies including mexico and taiwan are currently debating whether or not to change their basic system of government most academic contributions to the regime type debate have focused on the relative advantages and disadvantages of presidentialism and parliamentarism and the consensus seems to adhere to juan linz s judgment that all else being equal parliamentarism should be chosen above presidentialism 1 that said there are powerful counterarguments that properly crafted presidential regimes can be of advantage in certain countries 2 in the presidentialism versus parliamentarism debate analysis of semipresidential systems which have both a directly elected president and a prime minister responsible to the legislature has been notable for its near absence semipresidentialism has been and remains a very popular choice of government especially for countries that democratized during or after the third wave indeed in the formerly communist countries of central and eastern europe and the former soviet union robert elgie paddy moriarty professor of government and international studies at dublin city university ireland is coeditor of the journal french politics he is also editor of semi presidentialism in europe 1999 and divided government in comparative perspective 2001 and coeditor of semi presidentialism outside europe forthcoming", "title_raw": "Variations on a Theme", "abstract_raw": "The scholarly debate on the advantages and disadvantages of the two dominant democratic regime types\u2014presidentialism and parliamentarism\u2014gained prominence during the \u201cthird wave\u201d of democratization. Discussions of the inherent perils of presidentialism and the unequivocally virtuous nature of parliamentarism were especially salient during the 1990s, but they remain important to this day. In the past few years, democratizing countries such as Afghanistan, East Timor, and Iraq have faced or are still facing tough choices as to regime constitution. Moreover, a number of established democracies, including Mexico and Taiwan, are currently debating whether or not to change their basic system of government. Most academic contributions to the regime-type debate have focused on the relative advantages and disadvantages of presidentialism and parliamentarism, and the consensus seems to adhere to Juan Linz\u2019s judgment that, all else being equal, parliamentarism should be chosen above presidentialism. 1 That said, there are powerful counterarguments that properly crafted presidential regimes can be of advantage in certain countries. 2 In the presidentialism-versus-parliamentarism debate, analysis of semipresidential systems\u2014which have both a directly elected president and a prime minister responsible to the legislature\u2014has been notable for its near absence. Semipresidentialism has been and remains a very popular choice of government, especially for countries that democratized during or after the third wave; indeed, in the formerly communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union Robert Elgie, Paddy Moriarty Professor of Government and International Studies at Dublin City University, Ireland, is coeditor of the journal French Politics. He is also editor of Semi-Presidentialism in Europe (1999) and Divided Government in Comparative Perspective (2001) and coeditor of Semi-Presidentialism Outside Europe (forthcoming)." }, { "paper": "2158563196", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2005", "title": "a symposium on the politics of same sex marriage an introduction and commentary", "label": [ "94625758", "2778203169", "522562087", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2100049890" ], "reference": [ "1966805339", "1973546248", "2098822483", "2115715407", "2120977514", "2124465107", "2153377677", "2163707000", "2163890047", "2170359778" ], "abstract": "the morning of november 3 2004 was an extremely difficult time for gay and lesbian americans the reelection of president george w bush and the simultaneous passage of anti gay marriage amendments in 11 states was as resounding a defeat as any social group is likely to experience in american politics worse the emergence of the analytically vague phrase moral values from the exit polls and some arm chair analysis by the pundits had already raised to the level of conventional wisdom the assertion that senator john kerry had lost because of the issue of same sex marriage even democrats trying to extract some meaning and direction from the disappointing outcomes appeared to conclude that the marriage issue had played an important and costly role to gay and lesbian americans the headlines that morning might as well have read we lost and it s your fault", "title_raw": "A Symposium on the Politics of Same-Sex Marriage\u2014An Introduction and Commentary", "abstract_raw": "The morning of November 3, 2004, was an extremely difficult time for gay and lesbian Americans. The reelection of President George W. Bush, and the simultaneous passage of anti-gay marriage amendments in 11 states, was as resounding a defeat as any social group is likely to experience in American politics. Worse, the emergence of the analytically vague phrase \u201cmoral values\u201d from the exit polls and some arm-chair analysis by the pundits had already raised to the level of conventional wisdom the assertion that Senator John Kerry had lost because of the issue of same-sex marriage. Even Democrats, trying to extract some meaning and direction from the disappointing outcomes, appeared to conclude that the marriage issue had played an important and costly role. To gay and lesbian Americans, the headlines that morning might as well have read, \u201cWe lost. And it's your fault!\u201d" }, { "paper": "3048453163", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2005", "title": "baderin mashood a international human rights and islamic law", "label": [ "169437150", "199539241" ], "author": [ "3048596478", "2193259973" ], "reference": [ "2800288462" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Baderin, Mashood A. International Human Rights and Islamic Law", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1892669364", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2005", "title": "peace pact the lost world of the american founding", "label": [ "2779073994" ], "author": [ "2222471085" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Peace Pact: The Lost World of the American Founding", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2160028013", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2005", "title": "fighting poverty in africa are prsps making a difference edited by david booth london overseas development institute 2003 pp 294 14 95", "label": [ "189326681" ], "author": [ "75954888" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Fighting Poverty in Africa: are PRSPs making a difference? edited by DAVID BOOTH London: Overseas Development Institute, 2003. Pp. 294, \u00a314.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1509941574", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "nih aims to create homes for clinical science", "label": [ "8795937" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "national institutes of health director elias zerhouni last week unveiled his plan to create academic homes for clinical and translational science over the next 7 years and establish a new academic discipline", "title_raw": "NIH Aims to Create \u2018Homes\u2019 for Clinical Science", "abstract_raw": "National Institutes of Health Director Elias Zerhouni last week unveiled his plan to create academic \"homes\" for clinical and translational science over the next 7 years and establish \"a new ... academic discipline.\"" }, { "paper": "1984196877", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2005", "title": "al qaida s jihad in europe the afghan bosnian networkby evan f kohlmann", "label": [ "2780587734" ], "author": [ "2108505034" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Al-Qaida's Jihad in Europe: The Afghan-Bosnian Networkby Evan F. Kohlmann", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2103308975", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2005", "title": "gulliver unbound america s imperial temptation and the war in iraqby stanley hoffmann with frederic bozo", "label": [ "199539241", "81631423" ], "author": [ "2064843279" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Gulliver Unbound: America's Imperial Temptation and the War in Iraqby Stanley Hoffmann with Frederic Bozo", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1966894654", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2005", "title": "local actionslocal actions cultural activism power and public life in america edited by checkermelissafishmanmaggie new york columbia university press 2004 254 pp 59 50 cloth isbn 0 231 12850 9 24 50 paper isbn 0 231 12851 7 cultural activism power and public life in america", "label": [ "2776051254", "3116431" ], "author": [ "518147838" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Local ActionsLocal Actions: Cultural Activism, Power, and Public Life in America, edited by CheckerMelissaFishmanMaggie. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. 254 pp. $59.50 cloth. ISBN: 0-231-12850-9. $24.50 paper. ISBN: 0-231-12851-7.: Cultural Activism, Power, and Public Life in America", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2169847359", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "the american ballot box in the mid nineteenth century", "label": [ "2777094542" ], "author": [ "2172194538" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The American Ballot Box in the Mid-Nineteenth Century -", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "180277783", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2005", "title": "sovereign immunity and informant defectors the united states refusal to protect its protectors", "label": [ "199539241", "129161804" ], "author": [ "2629647511" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sovereign Immunity and Informant Defectors: The United States' Refusal To Protect Its Protectors", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1510080600", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "indian activists release disputed report", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "39168690" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "biodiversitynew delhi next week an indian advocacy group plans to release a massive report on biodiversity that the government commissioned but decided to shelve it s the latest twist in a bitter battle over a 5 year study that the government once praised for its highly participatory approach and that outside experts see as a model for other nations", "title_raw": "Indian Activists Release Disputed Report", "abstract_raw": "BIODIVERSITYNEW DELHI-- Next week, an Indian advocacy group plans to release a massive report on biodiversity that the government commissioned but decided to shelve. It's the latest twist in a bitter battle over a 5-year study that the government once praised for its \"highly participatory approach\" and that outside experts see as a model for other nations." }, { "paper": "2078975275", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2005", "title": "california prepares to roll out stem cell funding", "label": [ "3116431", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2225880523" ], "reference": [ "1982989014", "2001326447", "2074631174", "2089076951" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "California prepares to roll out stem-cell funding", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2036682604", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2005", "title": "community relations for german universities", "label": [ "110269972", "2780076394", "2776663400", "39549134", "120912362", "141261163" ], "author": [ "471268416" ], "reference": [ "562654644", "1517378937", "2490103019" ], "abstract": "while companies practice community relations since many years european and especially german universities in many cases don t address their stakeholders in the neighbourhood systematically in contrast universities in the united states typically have own departments for community relations that are organizing many partnerships between universities and their community many institutions like european commission stress the importance of international strategies of universities as well as the importance of universities in their specific regions this paper focuses the necessity of strategic community relations for research institutions and universities and it gives some examples how this could be done it is suggested to build up an european institution doing research on higher education community relations and to help universities in practicing projects with their community the emergence of community relations today nearly every large company in the us as well as in europe or australia is practicing community relations systematically according to bruning ledingham community relations are one of three types of relationship between organizations and regional key publics bruning ledingham 1999 163pp the other dimensions of relationships between organizations and key publics are personal and professional relationships community relations in this context are strategic communication efforts with local publics against this personal relationships of employers or management of an organization with local publics cannot be managed and planned like community relations by the department of public relations in difference to that professional relationships mean not only relationships in communication but for example a company s relationship with its local suppliers or the administration of a city companies having a systematical strategy in community relations know it is essential for every days work and therefore for every days success to be accepted e g with a plant in the neighbourhood sure a big plant of a company in a specific town means advantages like taxes jobs etc but also disadvantages like pollution traffic parking problems crowded schools and daycares increasing costs of living the thomas pleil 2004 community relations for german universities 2 22 company and its neighbourhood affect each other hunt grunig 1994 10 that s why companies try to improve the acceptance of a plant within the population of a city its politicians and public authorities with community relations groger 2000 9 the aim is the integration with society caywood 1997 xi it is tried to create a winwin situation both for the company and its neighbourhood on the one hand the company shows respect for the needs of its local publics and tries to support them e g with charity or cultural programs on the other hand local publics should understand the needs of companies and feel that they are useful for the development of the region the discussion on corporate citizenship e g habisch 2002 bockelman 2000 in consequence is enforcing community relations especially in europe at the moment in the united states since the 1960s urban problems forced institutions and especially companies to pay more attention to their relationships with surrounding communities baskin aronoff 1988 219 that s why community relations came up but community relations do not only show goodwill to the community but they reflect the interdependence of an organization and its environment grunig hunt 1984 266 for example companies know the advantage in recruiting qualified stuff in an attractive surrounding in consequence community relations are not only the communication between an organization and its regional stakeholders but they have also a strong emphasis on relationship building and partnering with the community within the past five years this conceptualisation of community relations was overtaken more and more by pr scholars for nearly every field of public relations which now are defined not only as a communication function but as well as relationship management e g brody 2002 brunig 2002 relations with the community could enclose health and welfare education government culture recreation and other areas baskin aronoff 1988 229 though the european discussion on corporate citizenship as well as on community relations as a part of this concept focuses on the behaviour of companies non profit organizations as actors nearly don t come up in both discussions at first sight this seems to be obvious since a lot of non profit organizations like environmental groups are especially supported by companies because these companies want to be good", "title_raw": "Community relations for German universities", "abstract_raw": "While companies practice community relations since many years, European and especially German universities in many cases don\u2019t address their stakeholders in the neighbourhood systematically. In contrast, universities in the United States typically have own departments for community relations that are organizing many partnerships between universities and their community. Many institutions like European Commission stress the importance of international strategies of universities as well as the importance of universities in their specific regions. This paper focuses the necessity of strategic community relations for research institutions and universities and it gives some examples how this could be done. It is suggested to build up an European institution doing research on higher education community relations and to help universities in practicing projects with their community. The emergence of community relations Today, nearly every large company in the US as well as in Europe or Australia is practicing community relations systematically. According to Bruning/Ledingham community relations are one of three types of relationship between organizations and regional key publics (Bruning/Ledingham 1999, 163pp). The other dimensions of relationships between organizations and key publics are personal and professional relationships. Community relations in this context are strategic communication efforts with local publics. Against this, \u201cpersonal relationships\u201d of employers or management of an organization with local publics cannot be managed and planned like community relations by the department of public relations. In difference to that \u201cprofessional relationships\u201d mean not only relationships in communication but for example a company\u2019s relationship with its local suppliers or the administration of a city. Companies having a systematical strategy in community relations know: It is essential for every-days\u2019 work and therefore for every-days\u2019 success to be accepted e.g. with a plant in the neighbourhood. Sure, a big plant of a company in a specific town means advantages like taxes, jobs etc. But also disadvantages like pollution, traffic, parking problems, crowded schools and daycares, increasing costs of living \u2013 the \u00a9 Thomas Pleil 2004: Community relations for German universities 2/22 company and its neighbourhood affect each other (Hunt/Grunig 1994, 10). That\u2019s why companies try to improve the acceptance of a plant within the population of a city, its politicians and public authorities with community relations (Groger 2000; 9). The aim is \u201cthe integration with society\u201d (Caywood 1997, xi). It is tried to create a winwin-situation both for the company and its neighbourhood: On the one hand the company shows respect for the needs of its local publics and tries to support them e.g. with charity or cultural programs. On the other hand local publics should understand the needs of companies and feel that they are useful for the development of the region. The discussion on corporate citizenship (e.g. Habisch 2002, Bockelman 2000) in consequence is enforcing community relations especially in Europe at the moment. In the United States since the 1960s urban problems forced institutions and especially companies \u201cto pay more attention to their relationships with surrounding communities\u201d (Baskin/Aronoff 1988, 219). That\u2019s why community relations came up. But community relations do not only show goodwill to the community, but they \u201creflect the interdependence of an organization and its environment\u201d (Grunig/Hunt 1984, 266). For example, companies know the advantage in recruiting qualified stuff in an attractive surrounding. In consequence, community relations are not only the communication between an organization and its regional stakeholders but they have also a strong emphasis on relationship building and partnering with the community. Within the past five years this conceptualisation of community relations was overtaken more and more by PR scholars for nearly every field of public relations which now are defined not only as a communication function but as well as relationship management (e.g. Brody 2002, Brunig 2002). Relations with the community could enclose \u201chealth and welfare, education, government, culture, recreation and other areas\u201d (Baskin/Aronoff 1988, 229). Though, the European discussion on corporate citizenship as well as on community relations as a part of this concept focuses on the behaviour of companies. Non-profit organizations as actors nearly don\u2019t come up in both discussions. At first sight this seems to be obvious since a lot of non-profit organizations like environmental groups are especially supported by companies because these companies want to be good" }, { "paper": "1982239855", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2005", "title": "nationalism and exclusion of migrants cross national comparisonsnationalism and exclusion of migrants cross national comparisons edited by gijsbertsmerove hagendoornlouk and scheeperspeeraldershot hants uk burlington vt ashgate 2004 296 pp 94 95 cloth isbn 0 7546 3993 2", "label": [ "521449643" ], "author": [ "2251612087" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Nationalism and Exclusion of Migrants: Cross-National ComparisonsNationalism and Exclusion of Migrants: Cross-National Comparisons, edited by GijsbertsM\u00e9rove, HagendoornLouk, and ScheepersPeerAldershot, Hants, UK; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2004. 296 pp. $94.95 cloth. ISBN: 0-7546-3993-2.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "7669902", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2005", "title": "airport linz v united states austrian supreme court decision on immunity from suit for landing fees for air force planes supporting nato humanitarian operations in bosnia", "label": [ "199539241", "2778272461" ], "author": [ "2716382023" ], "reference": [ "2903075840" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Airport Linz v. United States - Austrian Supreme Court decision on immunity from suit for landing fees for Air Force planes supporting NATO humanitarian operations in Bosnia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1632367676", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "u s government shifts stance on claims to ancient remains", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2188333814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "paleoanthropologyin an about face the u s government has sided with scientists fighting a proposal that would make it harder for them to investigate ancient human remains like those of kennewick man", "title_raw": "U.S. Government Shifts Stance on Claims to Ancient Remains", "abstract_raw": "PALEOANTHROPOLOGYIn an about-face, the U.S. government has sided with scientists fighting a proposal that would make it harder for them to investigate ancient human remains like those of Kennewick Man." }, { "paper": "2166368302", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2005", "title": "institutional foundations of the president s issue agenda", "label": [ "3116431", "134698397", "197487636", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2253869084", "2066632559" ], "reference": [ "51549695", "370143576", "1481945423", "1506395084", "1593053421", "1971106276", "1973694910", "1979634870", "1984691245", "1986713131", "1990890340", "1992604378", "1993452298", "1996526861", "2005011287", "2013577870", "2020807426", "2020829245", "2037927976", "2042474521", "2046816612", "2056451351", "2057580975", "2062962096", "2065700246", "2067440292", "2068095101", "2074305637", "2076609922", "2076634691", "2081817728", "2088337425", "2090255830", "2097893638", "2099756352", "2108818539", "2110603299", "2112486818", "2121294544", "2141058567", "2151735386", "2157465753", "2319829420", "2323730705", "2326728447", "2329342677", "2331158636", "2332314449", "2333203909", "2501090393", "3124010588", "3146166473" ], "abstract": "in this study we focus on an unresolved problem in our understanding of the construction of the presidential issue agenda how to reconcile the president s responsiveness to public opinion with his institutionalized electoral cycle we argue that the president s responsiveness is contingent that the president allocates agenda space to discretionary issues when the strength of public opinion is high and the electoral cycle dictates responsiveness we provide evidence for this claim by simultaneously addressing the potential influence of other relevant political actors intra administration considerations and objective phenomena in the case of the president s attention to crime issues over the second half of the twentieth century our statistical models show that while the president also responds to cues from other political actors executive attention to public opinion depends on the president s electoral circumstances at the same time because crime is a discretionary issue we also find that presiden", "title_raw": "Institutional Foundations of the President\u2019s Issue Agenda:", "abstract_raw": "In this study, we focus on an unresolved problem in our understanding of the construction of the presidential issue agenda: how to reconcile the president\u2019s responsiveness to public opinion with his institutionalized electoral cycle. We argue that the president\u2019s responsiveness is contingent: that the president allocates agenda space to discretionary issues when the strength of public opinion is high and the electoral cycle dictates responsiveness. We provide evidence for this claim by simultaneously addressing the potential influence of other relevant political actors, intra-administration considerations, and objective phenomena in the case of the president\u2019s attention to crime issues over the second half of the twentieth century. Our statistical models show that while the president also responds to cues from other political actors, executive attention to public opinion depends on the president\u2019s electoral circumstances. At the same time, because crime is a discretionary issue, we also find that presiden..." }, { "paper": "1664483520", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "canadian global database may move to singapore after loss of funding", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "135719026" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "ottawa canada the world9s largest free repository for proteomics data appears headed to singapore from toronto barring an 11th hour reprieve by canadian funding authorities", "title_raw": "Canadian Global Database May Move to Singapore After Loss of Funding", "abstract_raw": "OTTAWA, CANADA-- The world9s largest free repository for proteomics data appears headed to Singapore from Toronto, barring an 11th-hour reprieve by Canadian funding authorities." }, { "paper": "2100938310", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2005", "title": "the frontrunners 2008", "label": [ "197487636", "2776129789", "39549134", "2777582232", "134698397" ], "author": [ "1977653644" ], "reference": [ "2110686987" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Frontrunners\u20142008", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2047701518", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2005", "title": "the socioeconomic context of africa s vulnerability to hiv aids", "label": [ "114425635", "2781089502", "189326681", "53001019" ], "author": [ "2308644860", "1996816354" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "although the proximate cause of africa s aids crisis is hiv the underlining societal causes are much broader and familiar across the continent poverty structures not only the contours of the pandemic but also the outcome once an individual is infected with hiv thus until poverty is reduced there will be little progress with either reducing transmission of the virus or creating an enhanced capacity to cope with its socioeconomic consequences it follows that sustained human development is an essential precondition for any effective response to the pandemic in africa", "title_raw": "The socioeconomic context of Africa\u00bfs vulnerability to HIV/AIDS.", "abstract_raw": "Although the proximate cause of Africa\u2019s AIDS crisis is HIV, the underlining societal causes are much broader and familiar. Across the continent, poverty structures not only the contours of the pandemic but also the outcome once an individual is infected with HIV. Thus, until poverty is reduced there will be little progress with either reducing transmission of the virus or creating an enhanced capacity to cope with its socioeconomic consequences. It follows that sustained human development is an essential precondition for any effective response to the pandemic in Africa." }, { "paper": "2013766291", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2005", "title": "burning down the house politics governance and affirmative action at the university of californiaburning down the house politics governance and affirmative action at the university of california by pusserbrian albany state university of new york press 2004 281 pp 50 00 cloth 0 7914 6057 6", "label": [ "2777732099", "2776398702", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2424375309" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Burning Down the House: Politics, Governance, and Affirmative Action at the University of CaliforniaBurning Down the House: Politics, Governance, and Affirmative Action at the University of California, by PusserBrian. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004. 281 pp. $50.00 cloth. 0-7914-6057-6.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2021647173", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2005", "title": "the role of publications in the new programme oriented funding of the hermann von helmholtz association of national research centres hgf", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2681090439" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the year 2002 brought a successive funding change over from until now institutional to programme oriented funding pof in the helmholtz association of german research centres hgf this way the 15 german research centres now have to generate their means successively from programmes of the research fields of the hgf see www helmholtz de by competing with each other this nucleus of the reform of the association is being implemented based upon the opinion of international experts in this context the evaluation of publications of individual research centres resp research groups will be playing an ever increasing part this lecture will inform about the reformed partially formalized system and first experiences therewith at the time of the first evaluations", "title_raw": "The role of publications in the new programme oriented funding of the Hermann von Helmholtz Association of National Research Centres (HGF)", "abstract_raw": "The year 2002 brought a successive funding change-over from until now institutional to programme oriented funding (POF) in the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (HGF). This way the 15 German research centres now have to generate their means successively from programmes of the research fields of the HGF (see: www.helmholtz.de) by competing with each other. This nucleus of the reform of the Association is being implemented based upon the opinion of international experts. In this context the evaluation of publications of individual research centres, resp. research groups will be playing an ever increasing part. This lecture will inform about the reformed, partially formalized system and first experiences therewith at the time of the first evaluations." }, { "paper": "2289319868", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2005", "title": "reflections after mexico letter", "label": [ "121426985", "3116431", "513891491", "2779503283", "2777026412", "47344431" ], "author": [ "2547790724", "2572908068" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "global forum for health research forum 8 was held in mexico city in conjunction with the ministerial summit on health research on nov 16 20 2004 forum 8 brought together more than 700 participants including representatives from governments of developed and developing countries intergovernmental organisations non governmental organisations the private sector researchers and research councils leaders and users of health research and representatives from civil society the ministerial summit and forum 8 had a common theme the health research necessary to achieve the millennium development goals mdgs complementing the statement produced by the ministerial summit on health research the global forum for health research presented a statement at the end of forum 8 this statement was developed by the global forum secretariat with the assistance of inputs from regional consultations and from participants in forum 8 excerpt", "title_raw": "Reflections after Mexico [letter]", "abstract_raw": "Global Forum for Health Research (Forum 8) was held in Mexico City in conjunction with the Ministerial Summit on Health Research on Nov 16\u201320 2004. Forum 8 brought together more than 700 participants including representatives from governments of developed and developing countries intergovernmental organisations non-governmental organisations the private sector researchers and research councils leaders and users of health research and representatives from civil society. The Ministerial Summit and Forum 8 had a common theme: \u201cthe health research necessary to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)\u201d. Complementing the statement produced by the Ministerial Summit on Health Research the Global Forum for Health Research presented a statement at the end of Forum 8. This statement was developed by the Global Forum Secretariat with the assistance of inputs from regional consultations and from participants in Forum 8. (excerpt)" }, { "paper": "2083653691", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2005", "title": "the right of the accused to self representation before international criminal tribunals further developments", "label": [ "2777438998", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2893110284" ], "reference": [ "2045868196" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "THE RIGHT OF THE ACCUSED TO SELF-REPRESENTATION BEFORE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS: FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2111759226", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "spatializing international politics analyzing activism on the internet", "label": [ "34355311", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2579469540" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Spatializing International Politics: Analyzing Activism on the Internet", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2998911244", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2005", "title": "tim matthewson a proslavery foreign policy haitian american relations during the early republic westport conn praeger 2003 pp xii 159 64 95reviews of books and filmscanada and the united states", "label": [ "2776102252", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2111661184" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Tim Matthewson. A Proslavery Foreign Policy: Haitian\u2010American Relations during the Early Republic. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. 2003. Pp. xii, 159. $64.95Reviews of Books and FilmsCanada and the United States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1524866716", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2005", "title": "the political geographies of pregnancy", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2108980840" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Political Geographies of Pregnancy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2032083165", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2005", "title": "framing analysis of activist rhetoric how the sierra club succeeds or fails at creating salient messages", "label": [ "201280247", "134698397", "2778061430", "39549134" ], "author": [ "1979799377", "2133981844" ], "reference": [ "41248446", "159462478", "202357019", "647094796", "1985579102", "1988345431", "2000021973", "2008444575", "2013063531", "2016774988", "2041721338", "2092876098", "2110633181", "2125627035", "2128399294", "2330510854", "2484720339", "2892209292", "2896896399", "3013263617" ], "abstract": "abstract master and sub frames used by the sierra club to communicate with its members and the public were identified in sierra club chapter newsletters regional and national newspapers via content analysis to identify the occurrence of message frames and sources frames in three areas drilling in the arctic national wildlife refuge anwr coal fired power plants cfpp and sprawl were analyzed sprawl was the most mentioned subject in all three media sierra club themes were found infrequently suggesting the need to focus frames but sierra club frames appeared with greater frequency than competing frames environmental sources were the majority in the sampled articles suggesting the opportunity for powerful framing of public opinion with focused message frames and trained environmental spokespeople at all levels i e national regional local new theoretical ground for public relations scholarship is opened and findings could influence message strategies of activist and corporate or government organizations", "title_raw": "Framing analysis of activist rhetoric: How the Sierra Club succeeds or fails at creating salient messages", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Master and sub frames used by the Sierra Club to communicate with its members and the public were identified in Sierra Club chapter newsletters, regional and national newspapers via content analysis to identify the occurrence of message frames and sources. Frames in three areas \u2013 drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), coal-fired power plants (CFPP), and sprawl \u2013 were analyzed. Sprawl was the most mentioned subject in all three media. Sierra Club themes were found infrequently, suggesting the need to focus frames. But, Sierra Club frames appeared with greater frequency than competing frames. Environmental sources were the majority in the sampled articles, suggesting the opportunity for powerful framing of public opinion, with focused message frames and trained environmental spokespeople at all levels, i.e., national, regional, local. New theoretical ground for public relations scholarship is opened and findings could influence message strategies of activist and corporate or government organizations." }, { "paper": "1989597952", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2005", "title": "the president is coming to visit dramas and the hijack of democratization in the islamic republic of mauritania", "label": [ "197487636", "82834280", "94625758", "58823610", "68346564", "17058734", "555826173", "513891491" ], "author": [ "2573177211" ], "reference": [ "1981196994", "1989246932", "1994410690", "2044950274", "2045899924", "2061910224", "2062651785", "2066511003", "2099970958", "2107559193", "2117580931", "2131551724", "2140866466", "2148388782", "2167155027", "2325378144", "2582985779" ], "abstract": "since 1989 research in comparative politics has focused largely on democratic tran sitions and consolidation the entrenchment of semiauthoritarian regimes after the initial wave of political liberalization has yet to be thoroughly analyzed the time is nigh to answer brownlee s call to explore the low tide after the third wave 1 although regimes that have adopted initial democratic reforms while successfully maintaining an authoritarian core have stimulated scholarly interest analysis has been restricted largely to formal political arenas such as the manipulation of elec tions and subordination of the judiciary however the success of semiauthoritarian regimes does not rest only on the hijack of formal political arenas it also depends on the symbolic and cultural efforts of incumbent authoritarian elites this article ana lyzes the symbolic gestures of authoritarian elites during a presidential tour in an understudied country the islamic republic of mauritania elites in mauritania pre vented the regime from implementing the formal democracy it had espoused while successfully adapting their exclusionary politics to conform to formal democratic rules the democratic transitions initiated in 1989 caused significant political changes in africa the vast majority of african states instituted multiparty elections backed by new democratic constitutions that in principle guaranteed fundamental civil and political rights countries such as south africa benin ghana and mali demonstrate the potential for relatively stable democratization recent developments in countries such as cameroon burkina faso zimbabwe and even the once exemplary zambia however point in quite a different direction the phases following the initial formal democratization of their political institutions suggest a renewal of authoritarian ism 2 theories of democratic transition and consolidation fail to account for such regimes which comprise about half of all african governments 3 the analysis can not be limited to simply identifying the necessary factors for successful democrati zation that were missing a weak civil society or low level of socioeconomic devel opment for instance but must also evaluate the active role played by authoritarian elites in subverting the democratic transition", "title_raw": "The President is Coming to Visit!: Dramas and the Hijack of Democratization in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania", "abstract_raw": "Since 1989 research in comparative politics has focused largely on democratic tran sitions and consolidation. The entrenchment of semiauthoritarian regimes after the initial wave of political liberalization has yet to be thoroughly analyzed. The time is nigh to answer Brownlee's call to explore the \"low tide after the third wave.\"1 Although regimes that have adopted initial democratic reforms while successfully maintaining an authoritarian core have stimulated scholarly interest, analysis has been restricted largely to formal political arenas, such as the manipulation of elec tions and subordination of the judiciary. However, the success of semiauthoritarian regimes does not rest only on the hijack of formal political arenas; it also depends on the symbolic and cultural efforts of incumbent authoritarian elites. This article ana lyzes the symbolic gestures of authoritarian elites during a presidential tour in an understudied country, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. Elites in Mauritania pre vented the regime from implementing the formal democracy it had espoused, while successfully adapting their exclusionary politics to conform to formal democratic rules. The democratic transitions initiated in 1989 caused significant political changes in Africa. The vast majority of African states instituted multiparty elections, backed by new democratic constitutions that in principle guaranteed fundamental civil and political rights. Countries such as South Africa, Benin, Ghana, and Mali demonstrate the potential for relatively stable democratization. Recent developments in countries such as Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Zimbabwe, and even the once exemplary Zambia, however, point in quite a different direction. The phases following the initial formal democratization of their political institutions suggest a \"renewal of authoritarian ism.\"2 Theories of democratic transition and consolidation fail to account for such regimes, which comprise about half of all African governments.3 The analysis can not be limited to simply identifying the necessary factors for successful democrati zation that were missing?a weak civil society or low level of socioeconomic devel opment, for instance?but must also evaluate the active role played by authoritarian elites in subverting the democratic transition." }, { "paper": "2123821048", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2005", "title": "the rational public a canadian test of the page and shapiro argument", "label": [ "2778521920", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2315101079", "2186817733" ], "reference": [ "199238147", "567971481", "570846364", "573800569", "645974420", "1521934078", "1523850678", "1542443259", "1677862708", "1768178466", "1969792166", "1970081265", "1971979500", "1977015532", "1977111456", "1978877924", "1979623454", "1986713131", "1988323515", "1988367763", "1989018242", "2007725922", "2018291456", "2033501471", "2039372279", "2072462756", "2077613124", "2116314279", "2118211141", "2127806899", "2138156647", "2160460682", "2161752832", "2170048360", "2315688625", "2321790258", "2332130076", "2404429854", "2802765057", "3124268585" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Rational Public? A Canadian Test of the Page and Shapiro Argument", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3124451051", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2005", "title": "the near irrelevance of daubert to criminal justice and some suggestions for reform", "label": [ "2775952369", "2776359362", "199539241", "102587632", "47344431" ], "author": [ "1958088121" ], "reference": [ "30554109", "2011180732" ], "abstract": "daubert v merrell dow pharmaceuticals inc should have an extraordinary impact on criminal litigation because there is rarely a criminal trial that does not rely on some form of expert testimony in fact it is almost irrelevant despite the frequency of prosecution proffered scientific and expert testimony in criminal cases daubert is rarely invoked to challenge it in civil cases when expert testimony is challenged in criminal proceedings the outcome could not be more different because most violent crimes are committed by the poor their court appointed advocates overworked and underfinanced are not up to the challenge in the absence of a system of effective representation daubert will not improve scientific evidence in criminal cases the only way to guard against the misapplication of forensic science is to impose controls and reforms long before the cases come to court", "title_raw": "The (Near) Irrelevance of Daubert to Criminal Justice and Some Suggestions for Reform", "abstract_raw": "Daubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc should have an extraordinary impact on criminal litigation, because there is rarely a criminal trial that does not rely on some form of expert testimony. In fact, it is almost irrelevant. Despite the frequency of prosecution proffered scientific and expert testimony in criminal cases, Daubert is rarely invoked to challenge it.In civil cases, when expert testimony is challenged in criminal proceedings, the outcome could not be more different. Because most violent crimes are committed by the poor, their court appointed advocates\u2014overworked and underfinanced\u2014are not up to the challenge. In the absence of a system of effective representation, Daubert will not improve scientific evidence in criminal cases. The only way to guard against the misapplication of forensic science is to impose controls and reforms long before the cases come to court." }, { "paper": "2115122889", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2005", "title": "iraq fulcrum of world politics", "label": [ "137355542", "94625758", "3651065", "191935318", "172002799", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2117289548" ], "reference": [ "1482329922" ], "abstract": "the anglo american invasion and occupation of iraq must be understood in the context of the grand strategy consistently pursued by the us since at least the beginning of the 20th century the bush administration breaking from washington s reliance since the second world war on coalition building is seeking to use one of the main comparative advantages of the us its military supremacy to perpetuate a favourable global balance of forces the seizure of iraq seemed to favour this strategy particularly since it would enhance us capacity to deny access to middle eastern oil to actual or potential rivals such as the european union and china but popular resistance to the occupation of iraq is now testing this policy perhaps to destruction", "title_raw": "Iraq: fulcrum of world politics", "abstract_raw": "The Anglo-American invasion and occupation of Iraq must be understood in the context of the grand strategy consistently pursued by the US since at least the beginning of the 20th century. The Bush administration, breaking from Washington's reliance since the Second World War on coalition building, is seeking to use one of the main comparative advantages of the US\u2014its military supremacy\u2014to perpetuate a favourable global balance of forces. The seizure of Iraq seemed to favour this strategy, particularly since it would enhance US capacity to deny access to Middle Eastern oil to actual or potential rivals such as the European Union and China. But popular resistance to the occupation of Iraq is now testing this policy, perhaps to destruction." }, { "paper": "2169680941", "venue": "49968029", "year": "2005", "title": "maintaining the coalition class coalitions and policy trajectories", "label": [ "2776592576", "2777111884", "2776732289", "80984254", "3116431" ], "author": [ "1574706365" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the author compares the trajectories of three u s policies from 1935 to 1952 the agricultural adjustment act aaa the national labor relations act nlra and the social security act ssa agricultural policy expanded beyond the new deal labor policy was severely weakened and social security saw only minor changes why class coalitions strongly influenced the trajectories of these policies the coalition supporting the aaa largely maintained but the coalition supporting the nlra collapsed support from southern planters was particularly important for each policy focusing on trajectories rather than merely policy formation more clearly demonstrates the influence of class coalitions over state policy", "title_raw": "Maintaining the Coalition: Class Coalitions and Policy Trajectories", "abstract_raw": "The author compares the trajectories of three U.S. policies from 1935 to 1952: the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), and the Social Security Act (SSA). Agricultural policy expanded beyond the New Deal, labor policy was severely weakened, and social security saw only minor changes. Why? Class coalitions strongly influenced the trajectories of these policies. The coalition supporting the AAA largely maintained, but the coalition supporting the NLRA collapsed. Support from southern planters was particularly important for each policy. Focusing on trajectories rather than merely policy formation more clearly demonstrates the influence of class coalitions over state policy." }, { "paper": "2001794216", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2005", "title": "immigrants and the american dream remaking the middle class", "label": [ "70036468", "2779233565" ], "author": [ "2100545217" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Immigrants and the American Dream Remaking the Middle Class", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1902852731", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2005", "title": "public reaction to supreme court decisions", "label": [ "50688660", "2908542518", "61192294", "66487177", "46415393", "47855350", "87501996", "103106408", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2315657144" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Public Reaction to Supreme Court Decisions", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1973103559", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2005", "title": "book review of arco i timmermans high politics in the low countries an empirical study of coalition agreements in belgium and the netherlands review of a i timmermans 2003 high politics in the low countries an empirical study of coalition agreements in belgium and the netherlands", "label": [ "2781226091" ], "author": [ "2016014820" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book review of Arco I. Timmermans, high politics in the low countries. An empirical study of coalition agreements in Belgium and the Netherlands [Review of: A.I. Timmermans (2003) High politics in the low countries. An empirical study of coalition agreements in Belgium and the Netherlands]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1992618777", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2005", "title": "lessons from nafta for latin america and the caribbean a summary of research findingsby daniel lederman william f maloney and luis serven", "label": [ "158886217" ], "author": [ "1606384804" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Lessons from NAFTA for Latin America and the Caribbean: A Summary of Research Findingsby Daniel Lederman, William F. Maloney, and Luis Serv\u00e9n", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2007587311", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2005", "title": "trust and public relations center and edge", "label": [ "111439079", "2776051254", "2779707719", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2159921580" ], "reference": [ "131853549", "568415861", "2022448994", "2093283167", "2135679398", "2410683192", "2999698742", "3142746461" ], "abstract": "abstract this article which could be categorized as iconoclastic speculation argues against the traditional close relationship between public relations and trust evidence of proximity is scarce it could not be otherwise because pr flourishes in western style liberal democracy which is a polity tending to disorder founded on open argument between organizations and groups pr is the communicative trace of their search for advantage and survival in this competitive environment in these circumstances trust as a desired outcome of pr is pushed to the edge", "title_raw": "Trust and public relations: Center and edge", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This article, which could be categorized as \u201ciconoclastic speculation,\u201d argues against the traditional close relationship between public relations and trust. Evidence of proximity is scarce. It could not be otherwise, because PR flourishes in Western-style liberal democracy, which is a polity tending to disorder, founded on open argument between organizations and groups. PR is the communicative trace of their search for advantage and survival in this competitive environment. In these circumstances, trust as a desired outcome of PR is pushed to the edge." }, { "paper": "2008032215", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "max weber s politics of civil society", "label": [ "199539241", "513891491", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2134199939" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Max Weber's Politics of Civil Society", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2060981471", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2005", "title": "book review votes and violence electoral competition and ethnic riots in india", "label": [ "137403100", "558001185" ], "author": [ "2168075248" ], "reference": [ "1529175147", "1925504877", "2002815818", "2110537446" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Votes and Violence: Electoral Competition and Ethnic Riots in India", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2068828872", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2005", "title": "nih conflicts rules are not right for universities", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2250764682", "2478022012" ], "reference": [ "1995577753" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "NIH conflicts rules are not right for universities", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2075034659", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2005", "title": "accuracy matters a cross market assessment of newspaper error and credibility", "label": [ "2780224610", "201280247" ], "author": [ "2133792236" ], "reference": [ "89527763", "270452579", "897156450", "1498209943", "1692053227", "1993077987", "2033420424", "2042306253", "2043736700", "2044733030", "2101073884", "2129145383", "2133519095", "2582405698", "2735272127" ], "abstract": "a survey of 4 800 news sources cited in fourteen newspapers provides a cross market assessment of newspaper accuracy and the effect of errors on newspaper credibility sources found errors in 61 o", "title_raw": "Accuracy Matters: A Cross-Market Assessment of Newspaper Error and Credibility", "abstract_raw": "A survey of 4,800 news sources cited in fourteen newspapers provides a cross-market assessment of newspaper accuracy and the effect of errors on newspaper credibility. Sources found errors in 61% o..." }, { "paper": "2110504028", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "after brown the rise and retreat of school desegregation and boom for whom education desegregation and development in charlotte", "label": [ "2779361081" ], "author": [ "2105613285" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "After Brown: The Rise and Retreat of School Desegregation and Boom for Whom? Education, Desegregation, and Development in Charlotte", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2151949195", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2005", "title": "elusive equality women s rights public policy and the law", "label": [ "177986884", "203566152", "3116431", "199539241", "109986646" ], "author": [ "2135433928" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Elusive Equality: Women's Rights, Public Policy and the Law", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1987846976", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2005", "title": "marburg workers battle to win trust of locals", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "185328334" ], "reference": [ "1521208624", "1564731236", "2035773962" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Marburg workers battle to win trust of locals.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1974237343", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2005", "title": "citizens without shelter homelessness democracy and political exclusionby leonard c feldman", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2118291064" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Citizens Without Shelter: Homelessness, Democracy, and Political Exclusionby Leonard C. Feldman", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2354284136", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2005", "title": "thoughts on the prospectiveness of local development and urban planning profession in the healthy city movement", "label": [ "3116431", "107029721" ], "author": [ "2646871793" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "since 1985 the public health profession put forward the healthy city concep t then the concept was popularized by the who to the whole world with the supp ort from the municipal public health authorities the plan of the healthy city w as exercised implemented in the mainland and taiwan which shows panorama of urb an future development planning impelled by the planning authorities and public h ealth authorities the paper makes a discuss on the roles played for this situat ion in the urban planning profession and reviews the history its history review ing the background of it birth and the contents of this concept as well as the develpment profession of the urban planning finally the paper tries to suggest the possible roles that the urban planning profession could play in the movement of healthy city", "title_raw": "Thoughts on the prospectiveness of local development and urban planning profession in the healthy city movement", "abstract_raw": "Since 1985, the public health profession put forward the \u201chealthy city\u201d concep t, then the concept was popularized by the WHO to the whole world. With the supp ort from the municipal public health authorities, the plan of the healthy city w as exercised implemented in the mainland and Taiwan, which shows panorama of urb an future development planning impelled by the planning authorities and public h ealth authorities. The paper makes a discuss on the roles played for this situat ion in the urban planning profession and reviews the history its history, review ing the background of it birth and the contents of this concept, as well as the develpment profession of the urban planning. Finally, the paper tries to suggest the possible roles that the urban planning profession could play in the movement of healthy city." }, { "paper": "2165650283", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2005", "title": "electoral accountability in a federal system national and provincial economic voting in canada", "label": [ "2776007630", "3116431", "520049643", "2776554220", "2776398702", "533735693" ], "author": [ "31236143", "2315101079" ], "reference": [ "133984687", "653060559", "1599444253", "1966977689", "2005143413", "2005915494", "2013419291", "2017010488", "2019107276", "2027248487", "2027286688", "2033946896", "2054161732", "2080944471", "2081183055", "2082172673", "2094181743", "2114166011", "2124510928", "2130924472", "2149414305", "2181687499", "2313736954", "2328867409", "2329103711", "3020312769" ], "abstract": "are federal incumbents punished for national and or provincial economic performance and are provincial incumbents held accountable for the state of the provincial and or national economy using a pooled cross sectional time series analysis of electoral results and macroeconomic data for 1953 2001 this article explores the extent to which provincial and federal incumbents in canadian elections are affected more by national or provincial economic conditions the results of the analysis suggest that federal incumbents would not gain many votes by claiming credit for the economic prosperity of any particular province when on average national economic conditions are deteriorating the results further suggest that provincial incumbents are not held accountable for economic conditions in their provinces but are rather punished for national economic deterioration when the incumbent federal party is of the same partisan family copyright 2005 oxford university press", "title_raw": "Electoral Accountability in a Federal System: National and Provincial Economic Voting in Canada", "abstract_raw": "Are federal incumbents punished for national and/or provincial economic performance, and are provincial incumbents held accountable for the state of the provincial and/or national economy? Using a pooled cross-sectional time-series analysis of electoral results and macroeconomic data for 1953-2001, this article explores the extent to which provincial and federal incumbents in Canadian elections are affected more by national or provincial economic conditions. The results of the analysis suggest that federal incumbents would not gain many votes by claiming credit for the economic prosperity of any particular province when, on average, national economic conditions are deteriorating. The results further suggest that provincial incumbents are not held accountable for economic conditions in their provinces, but are rather punished for national economic deterioration when the incumbent federal party is of the same partisan family. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press." }, { "paper": "2045577758", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "the gender of constitutional jurisprudence", "label": [ "199539241", "149209484", "55674860", "56720970", "71043370", "522695570" ], "author": [ "2153895235" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the gender of constitutional jurisprudence edited by beverley baines and ruth rubio marin new york cambridge university press 2004 356p 75 00 cloth 34 99 paper comparative law remains a small and relatively isolated area of inquiry there are two barriers to development of the field first with the exception of taxation law and possibly divorce comparative analysis of law is of little use to practicing lawyers second as i discovered in a project on comparative rape law it is difficult to gain access to the primary data sources especially outside north america and western europe in addition there are few opportunities for interdisciplinary study despite the attention of the law and society association those who are not legal scholars need guides to the technical aspects of legal research to make the work of specialists more accessible", "title_raw": "The Gender of Constitutional Jurisprudence", "abstract_raw": "The Gender of Constitutional Jurisprudence. Edited by Beverley Baines and Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 356p. $75.00 cloth, $34.99 paper. Comparative law remains a small and relatively isolated area of inquiry. There are two barriers to development of the field. First, with the exception of taxation law and, possibly, divorce, comparative analysis of law is of little use to practicing lawyers. Second, as I discovered in a project on comparative rape law, it is difficult to gain access to the primary data sources, especially outside North America and Western Europe. In addition, there are few opportunities for interdisciplinary study\u2014despite the attention of the Law and Society Association. Those who are not legal scholars need guides to the technical aspects of legal research to make the work of specialists more accessible." }, { "paper": "2154608390", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2005", "title": "with a little help from my friends partisan politics transnational alliances and labor rights in latin america", "label": [ "41866144", "148834064", "94625758", "158886217" ], "author": [ "2517132126", "1905842165" ], "reference": [ "105342286", "619897599", "1552987573", "1582243339", "1587611976", "1596819205", "1722286686", "1883787136", "1964678692", "1971145596", "1971656697", "1973026380", "1978713967", "1985909471", "2010459308", "2020315786", "2040326832", "2042618586", "2043517164", "2060635204", "2061483533", "2069420386", "2073129046", "2083620364", "2085410373", "2094211068", "2099205655", "2110939596", "2116239576", "2117592571", "2118040388", "2132843455", "2139923559", "2144147058", "2147111138", "2312788208", "2328903765", "2490840892", "2497086619", "2521425787", "2790607267", "3123363169", "3125313437", "3125715642" ], "abstract": "why did latin american governments adopt potentially costly union friendly labor reforms in the cost sensitive 1980s and 1990s the authors answer the question by exploring the relationship between trade unions and two of their most important allies labor backed parties at home and labor rights activists overseas while labor backed parties in latin america have locked in the support of their core constituencies by adopting relatively union friendly labor laws in an otherwise uncertain political and economic environment labor rights activists in the united states have demonstrated their support for their latin american allies by asking the u s government to treat the protection of labor rights as the price of access to the u s market the former trajectory is the norm in traditionally labor mobilizing polities where industrialization encouraged the growth of labor backed parties in the postwar era the latter is more common in more labor repressive environments where vulnerable unions tend to look", "title_raw": "With a Little Help from my Friends Partisan Politics, Transnational Alliances, and Labor Rights in Latin America", "abstract_raw": "Why did Latin American governments adopt potentially costly, union-friendly labor reforms in the cost-sensitive 1980s and 1990s? The authors answer the question by exploring the relationship between trade unions and two of their most important allies: labor-backed parties at home and labor rights activists overseas. While labor-backed parties in Latin America have locked in the support of their core constituencies by adopting relatively union-friendly labor laws in an otherwise uncertain political and economic environment, labor rights activists in the United States have demonstrated their support for their Latin American allies by asking the U.S. government to treat the protection of labor rights as the price of access to the U.S. market. The former trajectory is the norm in traditionally labor-mobilizing polities, where industrialization encouraged the growth of labor-backed parties in the postwar era; the latter is more common in more labor-repressive environments, where vulnerable unions tend to look ..." }, { "paper": "2801688203", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2005", "title": "state growth and social exclusion in tibet by a ndrew m artin f ischer copenhagen nias press nordic institute of asian studies 2005 213 pp 14 99 isbn 8791114632", "label": [ "134659438", "206440729", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2800264285" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "State Growth and Social Exclusion in Tibet . By A NDREW M ARTIN F ISCHER . [Copenhagen, NIAS Press (Nordic Institute of Asian Studies), 2005. 213 pp. \u00a314.99. ISBN: 8791114632.]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2105601395", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2005", "title": "gender mainstreaming and corporate social responsibility reporting workplace issues", "label": [ "119232533", "141261163", "201305675", "2781316041", "202372285", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2154256105", "2142399262" ], "reference": [ "599835729", "1492792835", "1519423436", "1519799582", "1538792465", "1543629176", "1558446332", "1563803785", "1582830149", "1598758415", "1599970216", "1969704952", "1973911426", "2001903157", "2008153205", "2048599535", "2067872724", "2085590689", "2123570163", "2124842190", "2126127668", "2128264241", "2129921491", "2130989233", "2146358966", "2159880414", "2165744368", "2166550519", "2177756622", "2265612146", "2314942709", "2401501164", "2784397174", "3121175150" ], "abstract": "this paper investigates the potential and actual contribution of corporate social responsibility csr to gender equality in a framework of gender mainstreaming gm it introduces gm as combining technical systems monitoring reporting evaluating with political processes women s participation in decision making and considers the ways in which this is compatible with csr agendas it examines the inclusion of gender equality criteria within three related csr tools human capital management hcm reporting csr reporting guidelines and socially responsible investment sri criteria on employee and diversity issues although evidence is found of gender equality information being requested within several csr related reporting frameworks these requirements are mostly limited in scope or remain optional elements the nature and extent of relevant stakeholder opportunities are investigated to explain this unfulfilled potential", "title_raw": "Gender Mainstreaming and Corporate Social Responsibility: Reporting Workplace Issues", "abstract_raw": "This paper investigates the potential and actual contribution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) to gender equality in a framework of gender mainstreaming (GM). It introduces GM as combining technical systems (monitoring, reporting, evaluating) with political processes (women\u2019s participation in decision-making) and considers the ways in which this is compatible with CSR agendas. It examines the inclusion of gender equality criteria within three related CSR tools: human capital management (HCM) reporting, CSR reporting guidelines, and socially responsible investment (SRI) criteria on employee and diversity issues. Although evidence is found of gender equality information being requested within several CSR related reporting frameworks, these requirements are mostly limited in scope, or remain optional elements. The nature and extent of relevant stakeholder opportunities are investigated to explain this unfulfilled potential." }, { "paper": "2142692564", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2005", "title": "human rights in cuba el salvador and nicaragua a sociological perspective on human rights abuse", "label": [ "169437150" ], "author": [ "659668024" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Human Rights in Cuba, El Salvador, and Nicaragua: A Sociological Perspective on Human Rights Abuse:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2121780426", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2005", "title": "the pursuit of political control by multiple principals", "label": [ "2777632292", "2779777834", "83009810", "94625758", "51575053", "3116431", "17319257" ], "author": [ "2066632559" ], "reference": [ "1511270004", "1533188739", "1538011235", "1554389949", "1558710764", "1560461974", "1566998961", "1580788756", "1966714873", "1967900126", "1975081812", "1981314212", "1988381669", "1988886160", "1992294497", "2012574525", "2012658469", "2018623530", "2023160676", "2044426131", "2049910379", "2056125536", "2056127908", "2056838509", "2058567442", "2063290909", "2066741696", "2074667708", "2080279551", "2080554424", "2082005195", "2086702849", "2099756352", "2102470010", "2105040267", "2105048790", "2108818539", "2116239576", "2123858578", "2128003225", "2137129274", "2142635246", "2149607317", "2160056670", "2316201362", "2327255149", "2328190647", "2333983184", "2339736764", "2804848694", "2915144829", "3122286720", "3122320101", "3122941084", "3125393177" ], "abstract": "i examine how the legislature and the president sequentially enable and constrain agencies in a tug of war over the exercise of bureaucratic discretion partly in response to past political interventions i provide evidence from a duration analysis of the u s environmental protection agency s enforcement of hazard waste law for the acceleration and deceleration of policy implementation in response to sequential interventions by multiple competing principals i document the use of agenda setting and solution forcing statutes by congress and case clearance mechanisms by the president sequenced political control means that agencies face shifting political expectations caused in part by how the agency responds to past control attempts while previous empirical research has portrayed a largely static world in which congress and the president have influence this study reveals a dynamic portrayal in which there is move and countermove from these principals", "title_raw": "The Pursuit of Political Control by Multiple Principals", "abstract_raw": "I examine how the legislature and the president sequentially enable and constrain agencies in a tug-of-war over the exercise of bureaucratic discretion, partly in response to past political interventions. I provide evidence from a duration analysis of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's enforcement of hazard waste law for the acceleration and deceleration of policy implementation in response to sequential interventions by multiple, competing principals. I document the use of agenda-setting and solution-forcing statutes by Congress and case clearance mechanisms by the president. Sequenced political control means that agencies face shifting political expectations, caused in part by how the agency responds to past control attempts. While previous empirical research has portrayed a largely static world in which Congress and the president have influence, this study reveals a dynamic portrayal in which there is move and countermove from these principals." }, { "paper": "3124138357", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2005", "title": "rethinking civil rights lawyering and politics in the era before brown", "label": [ "177986884", "206836424", "131330614", "199539241", "94625758", "2778919694" ], "author": [ "2172847258" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article argues that scholarly accounts of civil rights lawyering and politics have emphasized incorrectly a narrative that begins with plessy v ferguson and ends with brown v board of education that traditional narrative has relied on a legal liberal view of civil rights politics a view that focuses on court based and rights centered public law litigation that narrative has in turn generated a revisionist literature that has critiqued legal liberal politics this article contends that both the traditional and revisionist works have focused on strains of civil rights politics that appear to anticipate brown and thus have suppressed alternative visions of that politics this article attempts to recover these alternatives by analyzing the history of civil rights lawyering between the first and second world wars it recovers debates concerning intraracial african american identity and anti segregation work lawyers work and social change rights based advocacy and legal realism and the legal construction of racial and economic inequality that have been elided in the existing literature it thus contends that the scholarly inquiries that have been generated in both the traditional and the revisionist work", "title_raw": "Rethinking Civil Rights Lawyering and Politics in the Era before Brown", "abstract_raw": "This Article argues that scholarly accounts of civil rights lawyering and politics have emphasized, incorrectly, a narrative that begins with Plessy v. Ferguson and ends with Brown v. Board of Education. That traditional narrative has relied on a legal liberal view of civil rights politics\u2014a view that focuses on court-based and rights-centered public law litigation. That narrative has, in turn, generated a revisionist literature that has critiqued legal liberal politics. This Article contends that both the traditional and revisionist works have focused on strains of civil rights politics that appear to anticipate Brown, and thus have suppressed alternative visions of that politics. This Article attempts to recover these alternatives by analyzing the history of civil rights lawyering between the First and Second World Wars. It recovers debates concerning intraracial African-American identity and anti-segregation work, lawyers\u2019 work and social change, rights-based advocacy and legal realism, and the legal construction of racial and economic inequality that have been elided in the existing literature. It thus contends that the scholarly inquiries that have been generated in both the traditional and the revisionist work" }, { "paper": "2383935822", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2005", "title": "on cai yuanpei and the transplant of french educational management mode", "label": [ "3116431", "2777799818", "51575053", "2781209966" ], "author": [ "2372643740" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "cai yuanpei was devoted to transplant french educational management mode to our country from 1927 to 1929 which was the university district as basic characteristic aiming at reforming the fraud of the educational institution s bureaucracy of our country and striving for the education independence it ended up with failure fully demonstrated that it was impractical in chinese modern society to solely relying on the reform of system to seek the educational freedom if we want to take reference from the mode and experience of foreign educational management we have to be based on the chinese national conditions and making its localization", "title_raw": "On Cai Yuanpei and the transplant of French educational management mode", "abstract_raw": "Cai Yuanpei was devoted to transplant French educational management mode to our country from 1927 to 1929, which was the university district as basic characteristic, aiming at reforming the fraud of the educational institution\u2019s bureaucracy of our country and striving for the education independence. It ended up with failure fully demonstrated that it was impractical in Chinese modern society to solely relying on the reform of system to seek the educational freedom. If we want to take reference from the mode and experience of foreign educational management, we have to be based on the Chinese national conditions and making its localization." }, { "paper": "2588535290", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2005", "title": "hezbollah s dilemma", "label": [ "3651065" ], "author": [ "2025115558" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Hezbollah's Dilemma", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2123940227", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "distorting the law politics media and the litigation crisis", "label": [ "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "3180170895" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "distorting the law politics media and the litigation crisis by william haltom and michael mccann chicago university of chicago press 2004 332p 55 00 cloth 20 00 paper if you or anyone you know believes that america is in the midst of a litigation crisis then you must read this book", "title_raw": "Distorting the Law: Politics, Media, and the Litigation Crisis", "abstract_raw": "Distorting the Law: Politics, Media, and the Litigation Crisis. By William Haltom and Michael McCann. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. 332p. $55.00 cloth, $20.00 paper. If you, or anyone you know, believes that America is in the midst of a litigation crisis, then you must read this book." }, { "paper": "3123750770", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2005", "title": "editorial a fusing europe in a confusing world", "label": [ "2781143842", "2779010840", "2780219775" ], "author": [ "2304756561" ], "reference": [ "610375308", "639712379", "3125531904" ], "abstract": "the opening article of the european union annual review 2004 2005 reflects upon the position of the european union and its continual development as a superpower without a superstate the article introduces the concept of a fusing europe as a explanatory tool to evaluate the development of the eu regardless of the challenges in ratifying the 2004 constitutional treaty", "title_raw": "Editorial: A Fusing Europe in a Confusing World?", "abstract_raw": "The opening article of the European Union: Annual Review 2004/2005 reflects upon the position of the European Union and its continual development as 'a superpower without a superstate'. The article introduces the concept of a 'Fusing Europe' as a explanatory tool to evaluate the development of the EU regardless of the challenges in ratifying the 2004 Constitutional Treaty" }, { "paper": "2167184107", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2005", "title": "corporatism from the firm perspective employers and social policy in denmark and britain", "label": [ "19159745", "129603779", "2776398702", "2776665811", "2777941829" ], "author": [ "2167223433" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this is an evaluation of the impact of corporatist and pluralist employers associations on firms programmatic participation in active labour market and social policies in denmark and britain drawing on semi structured interviews with randomly selected companies it explores whether employers associations engage differently with their constituent firms in corporatist and pluralist settings and whether corporatist countries have an advantage in implementing active social policies variations in type of employer organization are found to constitute a determinant of cross national differences in business attitudes towards the welfare state membership in a danish employers association confers an entirely different set of effects from membership in a british group and associational membership is a significant positive determinant of firm participation in denmark but not in britain active social policy has been viewed as a growth opportunity in a new issue area by the danish peak employers association and its sectoral members although this association is losing some control over collective bargaining its constituent associations have developed other functions such as creating deliberative forums for managers especially at the local level the research also highlights the role of the state in the renegotiation and survival of corporatist institutional arrangements", "title_raw": "Corporatism from the Firm Perspective: Employers and Social Policy in Denmark and Britain", "abstract_raw": "This is an evaluation of the impact of corporatist and pluralist employers' associations on firms' programmatic participation in active labour-market and social policies in Denmark and Britain. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with randomly-selected companies, it explores whether employers' associations engage differently with their constituent firms in corporatist and pluralist settings, and whether corporatist countries have an advantage in implementing active social policies. Variations in type of employer organization are found to constitute a determinant of cross-national differences in business attitudes towards the welfare state. Membership in a Danish employers' association confers an entirely different set of effects from membership in a British group and associational membership is a significant positive determinant of firm participation in Denmark but not in Britain. Active social policy has been viewed as a growth opportunity in a new issue area by the Danish \u2018peak\u2019 employers' association and its sectoral members. Although this association is losing some control over collective bargaining, its constituent associations have developed other functions, such as creating deliberative forums for managers, especially at the local level. The research also highlights the role of the state in the renegotiation and survival of corporatist institutional arrangements." }, { "paper": "2751357540", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2005", "title": "learning lessons and how in the war on terror", "label": [ "81631423" ], "author": [ "2578072875" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Learning lessons (and how) in the war on terror", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2081906909", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2005", "title": "teaching 9 11 using public relations to bolster civil society", "label": [ "512170562", "3116431", "39549134", "513891491", "2777825026" ], "author": [ "2655171607" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "abstract this article discusses a series of student projects in an introductory public relations class at the university of hartford the projects were developed in the weeks following the attacks of september 11 2001 and focused on public relations crucial role in restoring confidence in the institutions of civil society they centered on entities vital to new york tourist industry and police to transportation rail and airlines and investment commodities entertainment industries and stock exchange students were not only better able to appreciate this vital role but the extent to which thorough research as a basis for strategic planning was critical to success in regaining public trust", "title_raw": "Teaching 9/11: Using public relations to bolster civil society", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This article discusses a series of student projects in an introductory public relations class at the University of Hartford. The projects were developed in the weeks following the attacks of September 11, 2001 and focused on public relations\u2019 crucial role in restoring confidence in the institutions of civil society. They centered on entities vital to New York (tourist industry and police), to transportation (rail and airlines), and investment/commodities (entertainment industries and stock exchange). Students were not only better able to appreciate this vital role but the extent to which thorough research, as a basis for strategic planning, was critical to success in regaining public trust." }, { "paper": "2105683546", "venue": "130750583", "year": "2005", "title": "impact assessments and policy responses to sea level rise in three us states an exploration of human dimension uncertainties", "label": [ "94625758", "2776398702", "111874474" ], "author": [ "2103750949" ], "reference": [ "50995129", "87957635", "91209090", "115029397", "145666554", "346058913", "577042775", "589864714", "610231271", "628526955", "846706089", "1491449181", "1493666152", "1506578080", "1508281040", "1522296012", "1525295799", "1539491512", "1560871399", "1568421638", "1593062328", "1593600276", "1602046394", "1606458208", "1626165753", "1731457293", "1857874788", "1891441152", "1966399860", "1973665094", "1975079522", "1983214507", "1984379753", "1989897274", "1993925598", "1994668345", "1996023736", "1997963065", "1997999518", "1999470513", "2000759954", "2001843748", "2003487842", "2004454452", "2006747804", "2011578603", "2011651027", "2017741412", "2018378619", "2021585161", "2029226532", "2030588203", "2032014594", "2033381357", "2037927976", "2041248533", "2046925306", "2048803507", "2054365130", "2055102428", "2066063036", "2066309242", "2068539907", "2087022246", "2088395296", "2089533092", "2091462619", "2091818255", "2092089580", "2101715158", "2102445784", "2102603417", "2109525068", "2115411156", "2123587734", "2132504974", "2135982982", "2139728613", "2141175749", "2162705195", "2170500839", "2175360117", "2284614322", "2289442292", "2300752954", "2320732820", "2500021405", "2732168268", "2769878546", "2782872726", "2800064956", "2896793698", "2916743836", "3017912975", "3136608102" ], "abstract": "uncertainties in the human dimensions of global change deeply affect the assessment and responses to climate change impacts such as sea level rise slr this paper explores the uncertainties in the assessment process and in state level policy and management responses of three us states to slr the findings reveal important political economic managerial and social factors that enable or constrain slr responses question disasters as policy windows and uncover new policy opportunities in the history of state coastal policies results suggest that a more realistic and maybe more useful picture of climate change impacts will emerge if assessments take more seriously the locally embedded realities and constraints that affect individual decision makers and communal responses to climate change r 2005 elsevier ltd all rights reserved", "title_raw": "Impact assessments and policy responses to sea-level rise in three US states: An exploration of human-dimension uncertainties", "abstract_raw": "Uncertainties in the human dimensions of global change deeply affect the assessment and responses to climate change impacts such as sea-level rise (SLR). This paper explores the uncertainties in the assessment process and in state-level policy and management responses of three US states to SLR. The findings reveal important political, economic, managerial, and social factors that enable or constrain SLR responses; question disasters as policy windows; and uncover new policy opportunities in the history of state coastal policies. Results suggest that a more realistic, and maybe more useful picture of climate change impacts will emerge if assessments take more seriously the locally embedded realities and constraints that affect individual decision-makers\u2019 and communal responses to climate change. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved." }, { "paper": "1981993545", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2005", "title": "2005 apsa teaching and learning conference track summaries track seven student assessment learning outcomes", "label": [ "151416629" ], "author": [ "2651397599", "2108763070", "2102756146", "2329730942", "1925308240" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "2005 APSA Teaching and Learning Conference Track Summaries: Track Seven: Student Assessment/Learning Outcomes", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2151787140", "venue": "160686149", "year": "2005", "title": "the politics of risking peace do hawks or doves deliver the olive branch", "label": [ "503602615", "199539241", "2780668109", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2102970468" ], "reference": [ "420739449", "563247553", "577979449", "632398398", "1546691018", "1547456322", "1578878379", "1597593411", "1969993736", "1976506170", "1981357072", "1986713131", "1989251890", "1991006015", "1992503224", "1993452298", "1997163768", "2004975802", "2005354690", "2006001409", "2008936206", "2017291191", "2017472428", "2035407160", "2036186431", "2037939893", "2044910380", "2047733427", "2052828935", "2057012170", "2062663664", "2078884356", "2084205017", "2084269453", "2084526852", "2101940172", "2103289820", "2109312871", "2111223608", "2117039531", "2118465485", "2118673236", "2137091439", "2146311774", "2152537654", "2152719501", "2153031274", "2166009756", "2319455666", "2319544742", "2329258037", "2491041113", "2496970449", "2985297513", "3081949511", "3123168757" ], "abstract": "this article explores the politics of risking international cooperation with a distrusted adversary it develops a model in which two states attempt to learn over the course of two periods whether or not mutual cooperation is possible given their initially unknown preferences in one of the states the government is engaged in domestic political competition with an opposition party one party is known to have more hawkish preferences than the other on average and voters must decide which party to elect after observing the international interaction in the first period the model shows that when trust is low but continued conflict is costly cooperation is most likely to be initiated by a moderate hawk a leader with moderate preferences from the more hawkish party moreover while dovish leaders are better at eliciting cooperation in the short run mutual cooperation is most likely to endure if it was initiated by a hawk some empirical implications and illustrations of the model are discussed i gratefully acknowledge thoughtful comments received from andrew kydd james morrow brett ashley leeds t clifton morgan kenneth scheve deborah larson bruce russett alex mintz and the anonymous reviewers an earlier version of this article was presented at the 43rd annual meeting of the international studies association march 2002", "title_raw": "The Politics of Risking Peace: Do Hawks or Doves Deliver the Olive Branch?", "abstract_raw": "This article explores the politics of risking international cooperation with a distrusted adversary. It develops a model in which two states attempt to learn over the course of two periods whether or not mutual cooperation is possible given their (initially unknown) preferences. In one of the states, the government is engaged in domestic political competition with an opposition party. One party is known to have more hawkish preferences than the other, on average, and voters must decide which party to elect after observing the international interaction in the first period. The model shows that, when trust is low but continued conflict is costly, cooperation is most likely to be initiated by a moderate hawk\u2014a leader with moderate preferences from the more hawkish party. Moreover, while dovish leaders are better at eliciting cooperation in the short run, mutual cooperation is most likely to endure if it was initiated by a hawk. Some empirical implications and illustrations of the model are discussed. I gratefully acknowledge thoughtful comments received from Andrew Kydd, James Morrow, Brett Ashley Leeds, T. Clifton Morgan, Kenneth Scheve, Deborah Larson, Bruce Russett, Alex Mintz, and the anonymous reviewers. An earlier version of this article was presented at the 43rd annual meeting of the International Studies Association, March 2002." }, { "paper": "2165529451", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2005", "title": "chinese medicine in early communist china 1945 1963 a medicine of revolution by k im t aylor london and new york routledge curzon 2005 236 pp 55 00 isbn 0 415 34512 x", "label": [ "542948173", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2641752381" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "chinese medicine in early communist china, 1945\u20131963: a medicine of revolution . by k im t aylor . [london and new york: routledge curzon, 2005. 236 pp. \u00a355.00. isbn 0-415-34512-x.]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2075588904", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2005", "title": "states parties and social movementsstates parties and social movements edited by goldstonejack a new york cambridge university press 2003 70 00 cloth isbn 0 521 81679 3 25 99 paper isbn 0 521 01699 1", "label": [ "123108692", "79434189" ], "author": [ "2987942622" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "States, Parties, and Social MovementsStates, Parties, and Social Movements, edited by GoldstoneJack A.. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. $70.00 cloth. ISBN: 0-521-81679-3. $25.99 paper. ISBN: 0-521-01699-1.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1974780062", "venue": "98137347", "year": "2005", "title": "sustainability living with the imperfections", "label": [ "2779645999", "2780253743", "552854447" ], "author": [ "1677404559" ], "reference": [ "305586467", "1488566057", "1523493234", "1991981244", "2080731458", "2119271266", "2156130347", "2166325519", "2467305947", "2799845431", "2801500303" ], "abstract": "newton and freyfogle 2005 this issue do a fine job of pointing out the origins of the term sustainability and its serious defects when used as a goal for conservation among those defects is the arrogant presumption inherent in the implication that it is up to us to manage and sustain the planet and that we are capable of doing the job this presumptuousness lends a self contradictory tone to sustainability because the idea that we can and should manage everything is what has helped get us and the earth in so much trouble in the first place ehrenfeld 1981 2000 this self contradiction is particularly noticeable in the oxymoronic phrase sustainable development the managerial implications of sustainability are real and should be explored but because so many good conservationists use the term i think it is also worth some effort to try to find its redeeming values as well nowhere are the issues raised by newton and freyfogle more dramatically illustrated than in the current debate about how to cope with the growing shortage of cheap energy the demonstration and details of this shortage are beyond the scope of this paper elsewhere i have documented the overwhelming evidence that cheap energy is disappearing rapidly ehrenfeld 2005 a view put fort hb ypetroleum geologists and environmental scientists alike sustainability is often invoked in discussions of energy almost always however energy sustainability is seen as coming about through technological change from the development of new energy sources and improvements in the efficiency of energy generation and use not by moral exertion and change in world view rarely do we hear or read about a need for voluntary or mandatory reduction in the frivolous use of energy that is so widespread in globalized industrial society there are exceptions however in one of the best and most authoritative contemporary books on energy production and consumption vaclav smil 2003 calls for energy conservation as part of much broader appeals for moderation if sacrifice may seem too strong a term frugality and", "title_raw": "Sustainability: Living with the Imperfections", "abstract_raw": "Newton and Freyfogle (2005, this issue) do a fine job of pointing out the origins of the term sustainability and its serious defects when used as a goal for conservation. Among those defects is the arrogant presumption inherent in the implication that it is up to us to manage and sustain the planet and that we are capable of doing the job. This presumptuousness lends a self-contradictory tone to sustainability because the idea that we can and should manage everything is what has helped get us and the earth in so much trouble in the first place (Ehrenfeld 1981, 2000). This self-contradiction is particularly noticeable in the oxymoronic phrase sustainable development. The managerial implications of sustainability are real and should be explored, but because so many good conservationists use the term, I think it is also worth some effort to try to find its redeeming values as well. Nowhere are the issues raised by Newton and Freyfogle more dramatically illustrated than in the current debate about how to cope with the growing shortage of cheap energy. The demonstration and details of this shortage are beyond the scope of this paper; elsewhere I have documented the overwhelming evidence that cheap energy is disappearing rapidly (Ehrenfeld 2005), a view put fort hb ypetroleum geologists and environmental scientists alike. Sustainability is often invoked in discussions of energy. Almost always, however, energy sustainability is seen as coming about through technological change\u2014 from the development of new energy sources and improvements in the efficiency of energy generation and use\u2014not by moral exertion and change in world view. Rarely do we hear or read about a need for voluntary (or mandatory) reduction in the frivolous use of energy that is so widespread in globalized industrial society. There are exceptions, however. In one of the best and most authoritative contemporary books on energy production and consumption, Vaclav Smil (2003) calls for energy conservation as \u201cpart of much broader appeals for moderation (if sacrifice may seem too strong a term), frugality, and" }, { "paper": "14266591", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2005", "title": "distinguishing offense conduct and offender characteristics in modern sentencing reforms", "label": [ "71043370", "2778272461" ], "author": [ "2893531998" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the universe of sentencing considerations can be divided between offense conduct and offender characteristics historically offense conduct e g harms to victims whether a weapon was used the amount of money stolen or drugs trafficked and offender characteristics e g an offender s prior criminal history employment record family circumstances have both played a significant role in sentencing decisionmaking and both types of considerations remain central in modern sentencing systems but the distinctive import and impact of offense conduct and offender characteristics at sentencing have not often been carefully and systematically examined this article will explore both historically and normatively the consideration of offense conduct and offender characteristics at sentencing part i outlines the shifts in sentencing theory and offense offender focus while part ii analyzes the supreme court s recent sentencing jurisprudence these parts spotlight numerous important and illuminating connections between the offense offender distinction and sentencing theory constitutional jurisprudence", "title_raw": "DISTINGUISHING OFFENSE CONDUCT AND OFFENDER CHARACTERISTICS IN MODERN SENTENCING REFORMS", "abstract_raw": "The universe of sentencing considerations can be divided between offense conduct and offender characteristics. Historically, offense conduct (e.g., harms to victims, whether a weapon was used, the amount of money stolen or drugs trafficked) and offender characteristics (e.g., an offender's prior criminal history, employment record, family circumstances) have both played a significant role in sentencing decisionmaking, and both types of considerations remain central in modern sentencing systems. But the distinctive import and impact of offense conduct and offender characteristics at sentencing have not often been carefully and systematically examined. This Article will explore, both historically and normatively, the consideration of offense conduct and offender characteristics at sentencing. Part I outlines the shifts in sentencing theory and offense/offender focus, while Part II analyzes the Supreme Court's recent sentencing jurisprudence. These Parts spotlight numerous important and illuminating connections between the offense/offender distinction and sentencing theory, constitutional jurisprudence," }, { "paper": "2035821365", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2005", "title": "building local development institutions in the hinterland a regulationist perspective from british columbia canada", "label": [ "94625758", "2780510313", "45237549" ], "author": [ "2120967123" ], "reference": [ "1245112102", "1988506717", "1994796484", "2009830561", "2010800921", "2012163086", "2053895229", "2072357158", "2077826693", "2081102270", "2081656672", "2125750519", "2129317794", "2130526831", "2132897502", "2145827748", "2165304588" ], "abstract": "this article examines the process of local development within the context of restructuring in hinterland british columbia canada the role of local development in the reconstruction of hinterland space is attracting considerable research attention building upon an existing body of work from canada and elsewhere which is steadily refining our understanding of the local development process through a case study of two communities this article seeks to enhance the theory practice coordination of this work by using a regulation approach to examine the process organizational structures and relationships inherent in local development the communities in this study used local development both to pursue economic diversification and also to offset the uncertainty caused by economic and political restructuring the findings illustrate that the case communities responded to restructuring in a systematic manner this shows that the practice of local development may be related to theoretical interpretations of institution building regulation theory provides a framework within which to forge a link between the practical dimensions of the local development process and the concept of building local institutions specifically the development of a local mode of social regulation is dependent upon the stability and coordination of a locally based development institution cet article examine le processus de developpement local parallelement a la restructuration de l arriere pays en colombie britannique canada le role du processus dans la reconstruction de cet espace souleve l interet manifeste de chercheurs qui ajoutea un corpus de travaux emanant du canada ou d ailleurs affine regulierement notre apprehension du developpement local a partir d une etude de cas portant sur deux communautes l article tente d ameliorer la coordination entre theorie et pratique de ce travail en utilisant la regulation comme demarche d investigation des processus structures organisationnelles et relations propres au developpement local les communautes concernees se sont servies du developpement local pour mener une diversification economique tout en compensant l incertitude nee de la restructuration economique et politique d apres les resultats elles ont reagi de maniere systematique a la restructuration ce qui montre que l on peut lier l exercice du developpement local a des interpretations theoriques de la creation d institutions la theorie de la regulation offre le cadre ouetablir un lien entre les dimensions pratiques du processus et le concept de creation d institutions locales plus precisement le developpement d un mode local de regulation sociale depend de la stabilite et de la coordination d une institution de developpement basee localement", "title_raw": "Building Local Development Institutions in the Hinterland: A Regulationist Perspective from British Columbia, Canada", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the process of local development within the context of restructuring in hinterland British Columbia, Canada. The role of local development in the reconstruction of hinterland space is attracting considerable research attention, building upon an existing body of work from Canada and elsewhere, which is steadily refining our understanding of the local development process. Through a case study of two communities, this article seeks to enhance the theory\u2013practice coordination of this work by using a regulation approach to examine the process, organizational structures and relationships inherent in local development. The communities in this study used local development both to pursue economic diversification and also to offset the uncertainty caused by economic and political restructuring. The findings illustrate that the case communities responded to restructuring in a systematic manner. This shows that the practice of local development may be related to theoretical interpretations of institution-building. Regulation theory provides a framework within which to forge a link between the practical dimensions of the local development process and the concept of building local institutions. Specifically, the development of a local mode of social regulation is dependent upon the stability and coordination of a locally based development institution.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCet article examine le processus de developpement local parallelement a la restructuration de l\u2019arriere-pays en Colombie britannique (Canada). Le role du processus dans la reconstruction de cet espace souleve l\u2019interet manifeste de chercheurs qui, ajoutea un corpus de travaux emanant du Canada ou d\u2019ailleurs, affine regulierement notre apprehension du developpement local. A partir d\u2019une etude de cas portant sur deux communautes, l\u2019article tente d\u2019ameliorer la coordination entre theorie et pratique de ce travail en utilisant la regulation comme demarche d\u2019investigation des processus, structures organisationnelles et relations propres au developpement local. Les communautes concernees se sont servies du developpement local pour mener une diversification economique, tout en compensant l\u2019incertitude nee de la restructuration economique et politique. D\u2019apres les resultats, elles ont reagi de maniere systematique a la restructuration, ce qui montre que l\u2019on peut lier l\u2019exercice du developpement local a des interpretations theoriques de la creation d\u2019institutions. La theorie de la regulation offre le cadre ouetablir un lien entre les dimensions pratiques du processus et le concept de creation d\u2019institutions locales. Plus precisement, le developpement d\u2019un mode local de regulation sociale depend de la stabilite et de la coordination d\u2019une institution de developpement basee localement." }, { "paper": "2802357849", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2005", "title": "america right or wrong an anatomy of american nationalism", "label": [ "521449643" ], "author": [ "2583657445", "1878713575" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "America Right or Wrong: An Anatomy of American Nationalism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2076905039", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2005", "title": "assessing the effectiveness of international environmental agreements the case of the 1985 helsinki protocol", "label": [ "70798638" ], "author": [ "2413598152", "1596667458" ], "reference": [ "184576791", "567362042", "620513216", "643505605", "1014844887", "1487577105", "1493934312", "1516631798", "1518052575", "1523670801", "1558112955", "1575057712", "1966031143", "1967985564", "1971144627", "1972491285", "1973031849", "1978508636", "1988160134", "1988228605", "1998009983", "2007342040", "2011575087", "2012178612", "2014940670", "2017680269", "2017853646", "2026499196", "2034301206", "2047045802", "2049895578", "2062703969", "2071905949", "2079706801", "2084528250", "2093248821", "2103614491", "2109570616", "2112352537", "2114872958", "2120978845", "2124758339", "2142310197", "2146276455", "2164418938", "2170149736", "2175723801", "2243590605", "2318444077", "2415277089", "2493672229", "2724130638", "2788385812", "3023254902", "3122477235", "3122873724", "3125727931" ], "abstract": "the last few decades have been marked by the emergence of a number of environmental protection regimes in the international arena we know little about the effectiveness of these regimes however largely because such evaluations face the formidable obstacles of a scarcity of time series data on environmental quality a complex mix of nonpolicy factors that affect environmental quality and the fact that participation in nearly all international environmental agreements is voluntary which means that policy effectiveness must be estimated from self selected samples in this article we assess the effects of the 1985 helsinki protocol for reducing sulfur dioxide emissions in europe paying particularly close attention to the obstacles noted above we find that while nations ratifying the helsinki protocol have experienced significant emission reductions the protocol itself has had no discernible effect on emissions we end the article by discussing the implication of these results for the effectiveness of international environmental regimes in general", "title_raw": "Assessing the Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements: The Case of the 1985 Helsinki Protocol", "abstract_raw": "The last few decades have been marked by the emergence of a number of environmental protection regimes in the international arena. We know little about the effectiveness of these regimes, however, largely because such evaluations face the formidable obstacles of a scarcity of time series data on environmental quality, a complex mix of nonpolicy factors that affect environmental quality, and the fact that participation in nearly all international environmental agreements is voluntary, which means that policy effectiveness must be estimated from self-selected samples. In this article we assess the effects of the 1985 Helsinki Protocol for reducing sulfur dioxide emissions in Europe, paying particularly close attention to the obstacles noted above. We find that while nations ratifying the Helsinki Protocol have experienced significant emission reductions, the protocol itself has had no discernible effect on emissions. We end the article by discussing the implication of these results for the effectiveness of international environmental regimes in general." }, { "paper": "2009345521", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "italians face vote on embryo research", "label": [ "2781462389" ], "author": [ "2014282320" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "dozens of italian scientists are staging a 7 day hunger strike in an effort to persuade fellow citizens to vote in an upcoming referendum on fertility treatments and embryo research on 12 and 13 june italians will have a chance to strike down four provisions in italy s current law including a ban", "title_raw": "Italians Face Vote on Embryo Research", "abstract_raw": "Dozens of Italian scientists are staging a 7-day hunger strike in an effort to persuade fellow citizens to vote in an upcoming referendum on fertility treatments and embryo research. On 12 and 13 June, Italians will have a chance to strike down four provisions in Italy's current law, including a ban" }, { "paper": "2060191137", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2005", "title": "blasts from the past proliferation lessons from the 1960s", "label": [ "60643870", "2776748549", "191935318", "203133693", "2776742560", "34355311" ], "author": [ "927428221" ], "reference": [ "625547908", "2004588149", "2029099409", "2035029604", "2043688743", "2061292529", "2125459423", "2161980790", "2586636305" ], "abstract": "strategy document issued by the george w bush administration in 2002 portrays a world far different from that of the past the cold war was dangerous but according to this document its lessons are largely irrelevant to the making of contemporary u s strategy after the 1962 cuban missile crisis the united states faced a status quo risk adverse adversary the soviet union that believed that weapons of mass destruction should be used only as a last resort in contrast the united states is currently confronted by rogue states that brutalize their own people threaten their neighbors sponsor terrorism and hate the united states and everything for which it stands most important rogue states are determined to acquire weapons of mass destruction to achieve the aggressive designs of these regimes in so doing they have created a world that is far more complex and dangerous than the international system of the 1960s as a result cold war concepts such as deterrence are ineffective in a security environment that has undergone profound transformation 1 u s policymakers responsible for assessing international politics following the testing of an atomic device by the people s republic of china prc on october 16 1964 would have been puzzled by the bush administration s characterization of their world four decades ago the threat posed by a", "title_raw": "Blasts from the Past: Proliferation Lessons from the 1960s", "abstract_raw": "Strategy document issued by the George W. Bush administration in 2002 portrays a world far different from that of the past. The Cold War was dangerous, but according to this document, its lessons are largely irrelevant to the making of contemporary U.S. strategy. After the 1962 Cuban missile crisis, the United States faced a \u201cstatus quo, risk-adverse\u201d adversary\u2014the Soviet Union\u2014that believed that weapons of mass destruction should be used only as a last resort. In contrast, the United States is currently confronted by \u201crogue states\u201d that \u201cbrutalize their own people,\u201d \u201cthreaten their neighbors,\u201d \u201csponsor terrorism,\u201d and \u201chate the United States and everything for which it stands.\u201d Most important, rogue states \u201care determined to acquire weapons of mass destruction\u201d to \u201cachieve the aggressive designs of these regimes.\u201d In so doing, they have created a world that is far \u201cmore complex and dangerous\u201d than the international system of the 1960s. As a result, Cold War concepts such as deterrence are ineffective in a \u201csecurity environment that has undergone profound transformation.\u201d1 U.S. policymakers responsible for assessing international politics following the testing of an atomic device by the People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC) on October 16, 1964, would have been puzzled by the Bush administration\u2019s characterization of their world. Four decades ago, the threat posed by a" }, { "paper": "2005315960", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2005", "title": "crisis as usual organizational dysfunction and public relations", "label": [ "2780851881", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2620270161" ], "reference": [ "10047044", "571580987", "589033364", "606697831", "613774100", "627257443", "1482542803", "1696709328", "1706224889", "1968367702", "1990262805", "1993169316", "2031618777", "2031666693", "2043285630", "2048440450", "2058857801", "2069096442", "2087233807", "2152050638", "2170423085", "2804872359", "2903687831", "2908280852", "3020988123", "3022006240", "3093012486" ], "abstract": "abstract as organizations face increasingly complex crisis situations we must learn how to understand and manage them the field of public relations is central to effective crisis management but it is often limited by a rationalistic and situationally bound perspective rather than viewing crisis as exception or accident this paper focuses on way the organization s everyday culture and operating practices produce crisis it argues for a critical approach to crisis management that incorporates an understanding of organizations as potentially dysfunctional or neurotic and crisis as integrally connected to organizational dys functions", "title_raw": "Crisis as usual: Organizational dysfunction and public relations", "abstract_raw": "Abstract As organizations face increasingly complex crisis situations, we must learn how to understand and manage them. The field of public relations is central to effective crisis management but it is often limited by a rationalistic and situationally bound perspective. Rather than viewing crisis as exception or accident, this paper focuses on way the organization's everyday culture and operating practices produce crisis. It argues for a critical approach to crisis management that incorporates an understanding of organizations as potentially dysfunctional or neurotic and crisis as integrally connected to organizational (dys)functions." }, { "paper": "2095178391", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2005", "title": "a house divided party strength and the mandate divide in hungary russia and ukraine", "label": [ "96316394", "3116431", "131364728", "162643989", "119588120", "83009810", "2775884135", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "188860466" ], "reference": [ "365669244", "1604343256", "1835846999", "1857792934", "1975661853", "1981357072", "1981401455", "1982209326", "1982981529", "1991666496", "1992503224", "1993452298", "2002451181", "2019515825", "2035102781", "2041123558", "2043045527", "2053845953", "2057494961", "2061831272", "2061881378", "2063509235", "2065382108", "2071928069", "2072037166", "2075852144", "2088771283", "2117260126", "2121881827", "2127704012", "2132377987", "2137441478", "2148219432", "2154615580", "2164540423", "2166365287", "2254784770", "2479169952", "2494852766", "2497680723", "2502865732", "2586731631", "3121186307" ], "abstract": "mixed member electoral systems embrace two views of representation by electing some legislators in single member district elections and others in a proportional representation election this can po", "title_raw": "A House Divided Party Strength and the Mandate Divide in Hungary, Russia, and Ukraine", "abstract_raw": "Mixed-member electoral systems embrace two views of representation by electing some legislators in single-member district elections and others in a proportional representation election. This can po..." }, { "paper": "2169122037", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "reconstructing public reason", "label": [ "2776791371" ], "author": [ "2161985906" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reconstructing Public Reason", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1965019157", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2005", "title": "rapporteurs as legislative entrepreneurs the dynamics of the codecision procedure in europe s parliament", "label": [ "2781440851", "3116431", "83009810", "2777854444" ], "author": [ "2164232682" ], "reference": [ "1486996229", "1971334746", "1972773943", "1977011474", "1999198371", "2007865189", "2019714416", "2029344308", "2042436776", "2046842708", "2048945107", "2051963287", "2066344847", "2070677020", "2101586208", "2112385419", "2147111138", "2151793699", "2165276563", "2325081013", "2735135026", "3121147769" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rapporteurs as legislative entrepreneurs: The dynamics of the codecision procedure in Europe's Parliament", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2104345224", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2005", "title": "china s new thinking on japan", "label": [ "2780400262", "2780799905", "76775654", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2061906679" ], "reference": [ "2800961609" ], "abstract": "following the publication of ma licheng s provocative article new thinking on relations with japan 2003 china witnessed a remarkable public debate on japan policy academics tangled with internet nationalists and heavy pressure was put on the ministry of foreign affairs to take a tough line on japan the crushing defeat of the new thinking and a spate of anti japanese protests on the chinese street and in chinese cyberspace portends trouble in east asia", "title_raw": "China's \u201cNew Thinking\u201d on Japan", "abstract_raw": "Following the publication of Ma Licheng's provocative article \u201cNew thinking on relations with Japan,\u201d 2003 China witnessed a remarkable public debate on Japan policy. Academics tangled with internet nationalists, and heavy pressure was put on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to take a tough line on Japan. The crushing defeat of the \u201cnew thinking\u201d and a spate of anti-Japanese protests on the Chinese street and in Chinese cyberspace portends trouble in East Asia." }, { "paper": "2046407701", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2005", "title": "utility driven evidence for healthy cities problems with evidence generation and application", "label": [ "109986646", "5395021", "47344431", "185618831", "2775951005", "2778757428" ], "author": [ "2108204228", "2569151000" ], "reference": [ "143438965", "221719214", "570736876", "580042982", "619034431", "634868346", "658943305", "1494564253", "1527632319", "1530850557", "1564305378", "1566391906", "1595399231", "1901357320", "1921097127", "1957599487", "1965404037", "1973918240", "1976823095", "2007342040", "2007388345", "2013145158", "2036389661", "2039539827", "2049540198", "2058793252", "2060331817", "2063981396", "2079149815", "2079996519", "2094048205", "2095635801", "2096438157", "2109868433", "2119443016", "2123342612", "2125285113", "2138463569", "2142544231", "2146575472", "2147929964", "2148052315", "2156895524", "2157003517", "2159301890", "2159526970", "2159878107", "2161908775", "2163144470", "2169415561", "2171319202", "2254278901", "2282844181", "2314169666", "2399520168", "2411013128", "2411664889", "2481964207", "2486098706", "3023710487", "3204434139" ], "abstract": "the question whether the who healthy cities project works has been asked ever since a number of novel ideas and actions related to community health health promotion and healthy public policy in the mid 1980s came together in the healthy cities movement initiated by the world health organization the question however has become more urgent since we have entered an era in which the drive for evidence seems all pervasive the article explores the nature of evidence review available evidence on healthy cities accomplishments and discusses whether enough evidence has been accumulated on different performances within the realm of healthy cities a main point of reference is the european healthy cities project e hcp building on the information gathered through documentary research on the topic it is concluded that there is fair evidence that healthy cities works however the future holds great challenges for further development and evidence oriented evaluations of healthy cities there are problems with 1 the communication of evidence 2 the tension between the original intention of the healthy cities movement and its current operations and 3 the complex nature of healthy cities and the methodological tools currently available", "title_raw": "Utility-driven evidence for healthy cities: Problems with evidence generation and application", "abstract_raw": "The question whether the WHO Healthy Cities project 'works' has been asked ever since a number of novel ideas and actions related to community health, health promotion and healthy public policy in the mid 1980s came together in the Healthy Cities Movement initiated by the World Health Organization. The question, however, has become more urgent since we have entered an era in which the drive for 'evidence' seems all-pervasive. The article explores the nature of evidence, review available evidence on Healthy Cities accomplishments, and discusses whether enough evidence has been accumulated on different performances within the realm of Healthy Cities. A main point of reference is the European Healthy Cities Project (E-HCP). Building on the information gathered through documentary research on the topic, it is concluded that there is fair evidence that Healthy Cities works. However, the future holds great challenges for further development and evidence-oriented evaluations of Healthy Cities. There are problems with (1) the communication of evidence, (2) the tension between the original intention of the Healthy Cities Movement and its current operations, and (3) the complex nature of Healthy Cities and the methodological tools currently available." }, { "paper": "2005802918", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2005", "title": "book review dinshaw mistry containing missile proliferation strategic technology security regimes and international cooperation in arms control seattle wash university of washington press 2003 252 pp 25 pbk", "label": [ "538168058" ], "author": [ "2632009288" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Dinshaw Mistry, Containing Missile Proliferation: Strategic Technology, Security Regimes, and International Cooperation in Arms Control (Seattle, Wash.: University of Washington Press, 2003, 252 pp., $25 pbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1573736007", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "groups wield copyright power to delay kansas standards", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2232726435" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "evolutionfor the second time in 6 years two u s scientific organizations have thrown a wrench into plans by kansas school officials to adopt new science standards that would promote the teaching of alternatives to evolutionary theory", "title_raw": "Groups Wield Copyright Power to Delay Kansas Standards", "abstract_raw": "EVOLUTIONFor the second time in 6 years, two U.S. scientific organizations have thrown a wrench into plans by Kansas school officials to adopt new science standards that would promote the teaching of alternatives to evolutionary theory." }, { "paper": "2091205608", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2005", "title": "shifting boundaries aboriginal identity pluralist theory and the politics of self government", "label": [ "148834064", "94625758" ], "author": [ "167917953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "shifting boundaries aboriginal identity pluralist theory and the politics of self government tim schouls vancouver ubc press 2003 pp xiv 224 this fine taut contribution to the sprawling literature on aboriginality identity and self government in canada begins with a critique of what schouls terms the difference approach this approach sees the vigour of aboriginal communal culture as fundamental to the wellbeing of aboriginal individuals and nations and accordingly the retention of cultural traits as a basic goal of aboriginal politics", "title_raw": "Shifting Boundaries: Aboriginal Identity, Pluralist Theory and the Politics of Self-Government", "abstract_raw": "Shifting Boundaries: Aboriginal Identity, Pluralist Theory and the Politics of Self-Government, Tim Schouls., Vancouver: UBC Press 2003, pp. xiv, 224 This fine, taut contribution to the sprawling literature on Aboriginality, identity and self-government in Canada begins with a critique of what Schouls terms the \u201cdifference approach.\u201d This approach sees the vigour of Aboriginal communal culture as fundamental to the wellbeing of Aboriginal individuals and nations, and accordingly, the retention of cultural traits as a basic goal of Aboriginal politics." }, { "paper": "2005944550", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2005", "title": "iraq in the shadow of civil war", "label": [ "2780668109", "199539241", "81631423", "2777617010" ], "author": [ "2629917452" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "iraqis are marching with open eyes into civil war the party most responsible for this course of events is al qaeda with associated islamic nihilists and saddam era henchmen they have openly declared their intention to ignite civil war by committing gruesome acts of mass murder targeted against iraq s shia such a strategy is perfectly in tune with the apocalyptic designs of al qaeda and the blood thirst of its iraqi allies but mainstream iraqi politicians both in power and in opposition are playing their part in fanning the flames there are a few courageous and increasingly beleaguered spiritual leaders public figures activists and professionals who are refusing to be swept up by the sectarian fever among them are some quite powerful figures like ayatollah sistani attempts at opening up the political process should focus on these leaders rather than trying to match extremists from one community with extremists from the other", "title_raw": "Iraq in the shadow of civil war", "abstract_raw": "Iraqis are marching with open eyes into civil war. The party most responsible for this course of events is al-Qaeda, with associated Islamic nihilists and Saddam-era henchmen. They have openly declared their intention to ignite civil war by committing gruesome acts of mass murder targeted against Iraq's Shia. Such a strategy is perfectly in tune with the apocalyptic designs of al-Qaeda and the blood thirst of its Iraqi allies. But mainstream Iraqi politicians both in power and in opposition are playing their part in fanning the flames. There are a few courageous and increasingly beleaguered spiritual leaders, public figures, activists and professionals who are refusing to be swept up by the sectarian fever. Among them are some quite powerful figures like Ayatollah Sistani. Attempts at opening up the political process should focus on these leaders rather than trying to match extremists from one community with extremists from the other." }, { "paper": "1987835070", "venue": "160686149", "year": "2005", "title": "security institutions as agents of socialization nato and the new europe", "label": [ "2776051254", "2776161467", "3116431", "2778062554", "2778407155", "2779530609" ], "author": [ "1513006881" ], "reference": [ "147691332", "149816874", "156292468", "437877368", "585937581", "586939877", "598841072", "636203902", "651185312", "655628991", "1491625446", "1506738637", "1591352577", "1704830034", "1714484465", "1724751992", "1974681376", "1977363797", "1977586640", "1978918752", "1992755313", "1993719317", "2004761984", "2007097883", "2007736765", "2019566739", "2027179561", "2029974592", "2038232473", "2043021128", "2043234688", "2044132146", "2053630368", "2058047543", "2061636643", "2067857787", "2070103323", "2070310573", "2073506374", "2076897437", "2079643502", "2081125928", "2083633156", "2089391046", "2100325990", "2113394306", "2117702238", "2120384856", "2129009302", "2130184970", "2142889348", "2159691769", "2162510130", "2164304100", "2316159501", "2328747300", "2504785183", "2732684729", "2799638519", "2800524866", "2889867589", "3081949511", "3124423022" ], "abstract": "this article examines the dynamics and implications of practices of socialization enacted by the north atlantic treaty organization nato in post cold war central and eastern europe with particular emphasis on the czech republic and romania i argue that nato relied extensively on mechanisms of teaching and persuasion to project a particular set of liberal democratic norms of security into the former eastern bloc several interrelated conditions affected nato s ability to teach new norms to central and east european actors the parties mutual recognition of their respective roles as teachers and students the socializees identification with the western security community that nato claimed to embody and systematic interactions between teachers and students in teaching new liberal democratic norms nato exercised significant power the power to shape its socializees interpretations of the world and ideas about proper ways of acting in that world the shared ideational framework established via teaching also empowered subsequent persuasive appeals launched in the name of liberal democratic norms nato conducted a socialization process that targeted and often affected not simply the behavior of central and east european socializees but also their definitions of national identity and interests for extremely helpful comments on previous incarnations of this article i am grateful to the editors of international organization two anonymous reviewers jeffrey checkel michael zurn alastair iain johnston michael c williams and all the participants in the idnet workshops", "title_raw": "Security Institutions as Agents of Socialization? NATO and the \u2018New Europe\u2019", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the dynamics and implications of practices of socialization enacted by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in post\u2013Cold War Central and Eastern Europe. With particular emphasis on the Czech Republic and Romania, I argue that NATO relied extensively on mechanisms of teaching and persuasion to project a particular set of liberal-democratic norms of security into the former Eastern bloc. Several interrelated conditions affected NATO's ability to teach new norms to Central and East European actors: the parties' mutual recognition of their respective roles as \u201cteachers\u201d and \u201cstudents\u201d; the socializees' identification with the Western security community that NATO claimed to embody; and systematic interactions between teachers and students. In teaching new liberal-democratic norms, NATO exercised significant power: the power to shape its socializees' interpretations of the world and ideas about proper ways of acting in that world. The shared ideational framework established via teaching also empowered subsequent persuasive appeals launched in the name of liberal-democratic norms. NATO conducted a socialization process that targeted\u2014and often affected\u2014not simply the behavior of Central and East European socializees, but also their definitions of national identity and interests. For extremely helpful comments on previous incarnations of this article, I am grateful to the editors of International Organization , two anonymous reviewers, Jeffrey Checkel, Michael Zurn, Alastair Iain Johnston, Michael C. Williams, and all the participants in the IDNET workshops." }, { "paper": "2020680401", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2005", "title": "the formation of the national party systems federalism and party competition in canada great britain india and the united statesby pradeep k chhibber and ken kollman", "label": [ "522562087", "533735693", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2279284047" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Formation of the National Party Systems: Federalism and Party Competition in Canada, Great Britain, India, and the United Statesby Pradeep K. Chhibber and Ken Kollman", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1992511277", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2005", "title": "control in british government a problem of accountability", "label": [ "148834064", "3116431", "2776007630" ], "author": [ "2280152877" ], "reference": [ "643587810", "2021888765", "2062018925", "2068517316" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "CONTROL IN BRITISH GOVERNMENT: A PROBLEM OF ACCOUNTABILITY", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1556281529", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "scientists weigh options for rebuilding new orleans", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2303441720", "1621321188" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "hurricane katrinaas experts ponder how best to rebuild the devastated city one question is whether to wall off or work with the water", "title_raw": "Scientists Weigh Options for Rebuilding New Orleans", "abstract_raw": "HURRICANE KATRINAAs experts ponder how best to rebuild the devastated city, one question is whether to wall off--or work with--the water." }, { "paper": "1974697583", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2005", "title": "michael a genovese and matthew j streb polls and politics the dilemmas of democracy albany ny state university of new york press 2004 192 pp 54 40 cloth 19 95 paper michael w traugott and paul j lavrakas the voter s guide to election polls 3d ed lanham md rowman and littlefield publishers inc 2004 194 pp 65 00 cloth 19 95 paper", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2109974401" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Michael A. Genovese and Matthew J. Streb.Polls and Politics: The Dilemmas of Democracy. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. 2004. 192 pp. $54.40 (cloth); $19.95 (paper). Michael W. Traugott and Paul J. Lavrakas. The Voter\u2019s Guide to Election Polls. 3d ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 2004. 194 pp. $65.00 (cloth); $19.95 (paper).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1549662320", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "california s bold 3 billion initiative hits the ground running", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2188333814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "now that the new california institute for regenerative medicine is beginning to take shape the debate has shifted from ethics and costs of stem cell research to how the enterprise will operate", "title_raw": "California's Bold $3 Billion Initiative Hits the Ground Running", "abstract_raw": "Now that the new California Institute for Regenerative Medicine is beginning to take shape, the debate has shifted from ethics and costs of stem cell research to how the enterprise will operate." }, { "paper": "955116570", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2005", "title": "united states assesses options for long term detention of suspected terrorists", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "United States Assesses Options for Long-Term Detention of Suspected Terrorists", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2044710246", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "keep censorship out of schools", "label": [ "199539241", "2775854416", "52930066", "2778582213", "2781046721" ], "author": [ "2685534721" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "intelligent design is not and cannot be a valid scientific explanation it does not explain an observable phenomenon in a manner that allows prediction or testing evolution does the scientific community indeed the community at large owes jennifer miller and her students a large debt for walking out rather than endure political interference in science dover teachers want no part of intelligent design statement j mervis news focus 28 jan p 505 1 public office does not give the school board authoritative powers in science that are not assigned to the most expert scientists namely the authority to unilaterally dictate which scientific theory will be believed and which will not in enunciating their verdict the school superintendent richard nilsen demonstrates how easy it is for the political system to abrogate several of our most cherished rights freedom of speech and freedom of religion the school board s action is censorship at best and indoctrination by false statements at worst intelligent design is a thinly veiled article of religious faith scientists need to put more effort into explaining what science is and how it works 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 307 5709 505", "title_raw": "Keep Censorship Out of Schools", "abstract_raw": "Intelligent design is not and cannot be a valid scientific explanation: It does not explain an observable phenomenon in a manner that allows prediction or testing. Evolution does. The scientific community, indeed the community at large, owes Jennifer Miller and her students a large debt for walking out rather than endure political interference in science (\u201cDover teachers want no part of intelligent-design statement,\u201d J. Mervis, News Focus, 28 Jan., p. [505][1]). Public office does not give the school board authoritative powers in science that are not assigned to the most expert scientists, namely, the authority to unilaterally dictate which scientific theory will be believed and which will not. In enunciating their verdict, the school superintendent, Richard Nilsen, demonstrates how easy it is for the political system to abrogate several of our most cherished rights: freedom of speech and freedom of religion.\n\nThe school board's action is censorship at best and indoctrination by false statements at worst. Intelligent design is a thinly veiled article of religious faith. Scientists need to put more effort into explaining what science is and how it works.\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.307.5709.505" }, { "paper": "2139163683", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "electoral engineering voting rules and political behavior", "label": [ "520049643", "48226144", "48487596", "140940377", "143838007", "117763746", "94625758", "39549134", "69409115" ], "author": [ "2129293469" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "electoral engineering voting rules and political behavior by pippa norris cambridge cambridge university press 2004 390p 25 99 paper over 20 years ago william riker proposed that the study of electoral systems and their consequences constituted the best developed research program in contemporary political science scores of scholars followed maurice duverger s lead emphasizing how institutions affect the strategic environment facing political actors and the contours of party systems other researchers followed seymour martin lipset s and stein rokkan s lead privileging social cleavages as the main features influencing party system development recently scholars have attempted to reconcile or integrate the competing approaches pippa norris s new book fits into this trend by evaluating the two schools of thought side by side harnessing valuable data produced by the comparative study of electoral systems cses", "title_raw": "Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior", "abstract_raw": "Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior. By Pippa Norris. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 390p. 25.99 paper.Over 20 years ago, William Riker proposed that the study of electoral systems and their consequences constituted the best-developed research program in contemporary political science. Scores of scholars followed Maurice Duverger's lead, emphasizing how institutions affect the strategic environment facing political actors and the contours of party systems. Other researchers followed Seymour Martin Lipset's and Stein Rokkan's lead, privileging social cleavages as the main features influencing party system development. Recently, scholars have attempted to reconcile or integrate the competing approaches. Pippa Norris's new book fits into this trend by evaluating the two schools of thought side by side, harnessing valuable data produced by the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES)." }, { "paper": "1969647523", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2005", "title": "the great state hural election in mongolia june 2004", "label": [ "3116431", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2305335718" ], "reference": [ "2001399120", "3024885294" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Great State Hural election in Mongolia, June 2004", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2016425219", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2005", "title": "a new climate research center in italy", "label": [ "3116431", "2777532764", "120912362", "201280247" ], "author": [ "2308235661" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the news item about the italian climate research center that will be located at the university of lecce in bologna italy hosts a climate research center sciencescope 24 dec 2004 p 2171 1 unfortunately does not tell the whole story the center was established without significant input from the italian climate research community a call for proposals was issued in 2001 and two groups responded the review process that awarded the center to lecce was never explained the ministry of the environment simply made an informal announcement that the appropriation would go to the national institute of geophysics and vulcanology which will coordinate the center at the moment nothing is known about the center s programs whether it will open to the larger climate research community or how these programs will be funded the initial program presented by the director suggests that the center will be limited to oceanographers and marine ecosystem researchers in the bologna area italy has allowed its national climate research program to languish and unless significant changes are made in the scope and mission of the climate research center it will be useless first it seems designed to produce a climate model that closely resembles those already developed elsewhere reminiscent of wittgenstein s philosophy that it is better to buy several copies of the same newspaper to be nearest the truth second without the involvement of the larger climate academic community the program will have no impact on higher education in the rest of the country 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 306 5705 2171c", "title_raw": "A new climate research center in Italy.", "abstract_raw": "The news item about the Italian Climate Research Center that will be located at the University of Lecce in Bologna (\u201cItaly hosts a climate research center,\u201d ScienceScope, 24 Dec. 2004, p. [2171][1]) unfortunately does not tell the whole story. The center was established without significant input from the Italian climate research community. A call for proposals was issued in 2001, and two groups responded. The review process that awarded the center to Lecce was never explained. The Ministry of the Environment simply made an informal announcement that the appropriation would go to the National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology, which will coordinate the center. At the moment, nothing is known about the center's programs, whether it will open to the larger climate research community, or how these programs will be funded. The initial program presented by the director suggests that the Center will be limited to oceanographers and marine ecosystem researchers in the Bologna area.\n\nItaly has allowed its National Climate Research Program to languish, and unless significant changes are made in the scope and mission of the Climate Research Center, it will be useless. First, it seems designed to produce a climate model that closely resembles those already developed elsewhere, reminiscent of Wittgenstein's philosophy that it is better to buy several copies of the same newspaper to be nearest the truth. Second, without the involvement of the larger climate academic community, the program will have no impact on higher education in the rest of the country.\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.306.5705.2171c" }, { "paper": "3122981685", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2005", "title": "feminism and its dis contents criminalizing wartime rape in bosnia and herzegovina", "label": [ "2777996642", "2777438998", "2777688943", "202565627", "17319257", "65117487", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2043932090" ], "reference": [ "87472755", "242917479", "284999349", "345674298", "589649753", "751190153", "1013382668", "1483317093", "1485280735", "1493894363", "1505192068", "1523131853", "1557730782", "1573961505", "1868851409", "1974201717", "1975356659", "1975756800", "1995269499", "2008510110", "2009543556", "2016997194", "2035911448", "2068854914", "2072056263", "2089400981", "2495043376", "2510989245", "2529430430", "2548859158", "2563788891", "2734909545", "2765974393", "2951481472", "2992940158", "3125108000", "3125133888" ], "abstract": "today many feminists seem relatively content with the treatment of rape and other sexual violence against women under international criminal law in the context of the conflict in bosnia and herzegovina in the early 1990s feminist activists made a concerted effort to affect the statute establishing the international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia icty the rules of evidence under which rape and other crimes of sexual violence would be prosecuted the form the indictments of crimes of sexual violence would take and the strategies and legal argumentation made at both the trial and the appellate levels for the most part much to the surprise of many feminists themselves they have been successful as joanne barkan comments from the start most observers considered the icty a sop to human rights and feminist activists who wanted intervention almost no one expected it to succeed and yet to some extent at least for women it did", "title_raw": "FEMINISM AND ITS (DIS) CONTENTS: CRIMINALIZING WARTIME RAPE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA", "abstract_raw": "Today many feminists seem relatively content with the treatment of rape and other sexual violence against women under international criminal law. In the context of the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the early 1990s, feminist activists made a concerted effort to affect the statute establishing the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the rules of evidence under which rape and other crimes of sexual violence would be prosecuted, the form the indictments of crimes of sexual violence would take, and the strategies and legal argumentation made at both the trial and the appellate levels. For the most part, much to the surprise of many feminists themselves, they have been successful. As Joanne Barkan comments: \u201cFrom the start, most observers considered the [ICTY] a sop to human rights and feminist activists who wanted intervention.... Almost no one expected it to succeed. And yet to some extent, at least for women, it did.\u201d" }, { "paper": "2025376774", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2005", "title": "ethics debate is what put newcastle paper in the news", "label": [ "2779473830", "151719136" ], "author": [ "2103235935", "2206980028" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ethics debate is what put Newcastle paper in the news", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1964012142", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "misplaced distrust policy networks and the environment in france the united states and canada", "label": [ "3116431", "2778321746" ], "author": [ "2491073308" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Misplaced Distrust: Policy Networks and the Environment in France, the United States, and Canada", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2099673272", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "saving open space the politics of local preservation in california", "label": [ "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2767197940" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Saving Open Space: The Politics of Local Preservation in California", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2112837031", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2005", "title": "protecting the right of local self government", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2109321714" ], "reference": [ "67200901", "133664784", "149956530", "189286033", "356137887", "394151878", "564695245", "570566785", "571563102", "574342650", "587016064", "596226410", "603888656", "605738535", "628314900", "633121436", "639146573", "651704619", "653672894", "656556364", "658857457", "1492260595", "1494666124", "1497177130", "1500104435", "1505572042", "1525239226", "1535420368", "1538311007", "1560160571", "1574494334", "1591490021", "1599420887", "1900755568", "1905996378", "1951337165", "1980217982", "1992184943", "1994861456", "1996679755", "1997390845", "1997758486", "1999717790", "2001518671", "2005125028", "2008925015", "2013670601", "2014446001", "2017131331", "2018280455", "2020251725", "2029015111", "2042087220", "2042973138", "2052734159", "2056291216", "2059036417", "2063880959", "2066114926", "2067915761", "2091829659", "2113812920", "2144956556", "2224856676", "2312820256", "2316694557", "2320891386", "2327599457", "2493712273", "2732464533", "2789042277", "2796424284", "2796642781", "2970369854", "3143238669" ], "abstract": "abstract many people in canada are frightened by the right of local self government because they are afraid of the privatization of public authority this article suggests that municipalities can be otherwise conceived and that a right of local self government can be vindicated without impairing the capacity of the state or encouraging a debilitating privatism the key is to understand that municipalities can be non exclusive public authorities on a different register from the state or civil society resume la crainte de la privatisation des pouvoirs publics mene de nombreux canadiens et canadiennes a redouter le droit a l autonomie gouvernementale locale cet article suggere qu il est possible d envisager les municipalites autrement et qu on peut justifier le droit a l autonomie gouvernementale locale sans faire entrave aux competences de l etat et sans encourager un privatisme debilitant l important est de comprendre que les municipalites peuvent exercer un pouvoir public non exclusif dans leur propre zone de competence jouant sur un registre different de celui de l etat ou de la societe civile", "title_raw": "Protecting the Right of Local Self-Government", "abstract_raw": "Abstract. Many people in Canada are frightened by the right of local self-government, because they are afraid of the privatization of public authority. This article suggests that municipalities can be otherwise conceived, and that a right of local self-government can be vindicated without impairing the capacity of the state or encouraging a debilitating privatism. The key is to understand that municipalities can be non-exclusive public authorities, on a different register from the state or civil society. Resume. La crainte de la privatisation des pouvoirs publics mene de nombreux Canadiens et Canadiennes a redouter le droit a l'autonomie gouvernementale locale. Cet article suggere qu'il est possible d'envisager les municipalites autrement, et qu'on peut justifier le droit a l'autonomie gouvernementale locale sans faire entrave aux competences de l'Etat et sans encourager un privatisme debilitant. L'important est de comprendre que les municipalites peuvent exercer un pouvoir public non exclusif dans leur propre zone de competence, jouant sur un registre different de celui de l'Etat ou de la societe civile." }, { "paper": "2117249401", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2005", "title": "on the state of democracy introduction", "label": [ "555826173", "111439079", "501008422", "171368058", "2777630927", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2104200104" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a majority of states in the world today some 60 per cent are governed by democratic regimes that is by regimes where political authorities are selected through competitive elections in which op", "title_raw": "On the state of democracy : introduction", "abstract_raw": "A majority of states in the world today, some 60 per cent, are governed by democratic regimes; that is, by regimes where political authorities are selected through competitive elections in which op..." }, { "paper": "1990933787", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2005", "title": "the peacekeeping peacemaking dilemma", "label": [ "179420905", "199776023", "2775842811", "2780208285", "183761623", "2779683958", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2106360285", "2034062543" ], "reference": [ "569724339", "611752991", "629693019", "632609354", "1499687183", "1517091189", "1533593992", "1628106056", "1967680063", "1976922674", "1981096981", "1982157856", "1986851227", "2006176166", "2008109004", "2008458385", "2016243413", "2017448350", "2018611766", "2021335059", "2021809630", "2022749618", "2023806802", "2028039836", "2036464480", "2039616996", "2041212929", "2046463988", "2047156377", "2048515748", "2049897586", "2056144852", "2086406433", "2088367552", "2090507479", "2097744179", "2098889383", "2112392404", "2112422050", "2118465485", "2118993355", "2130308795", "2145963205", "2150148355", "2154070668", "2158282306", "2161706733", "2165757691", "2171921076", "2178808179", "2329258037", "2336523313", "2399593963", "2417129720" ], "abstract": "peacekeeping has become an increasingly prominent tool for conflict management and there has been an accompanying explosion of scholarly studies on peacekeeping yet such analyses typically ignore the process of getting a peace agreement itself missing the potential impact that a peacekeeping force might have in facilitating a peace agreement between protagonists in this paper we explore among both enduring rivalries and civil wars whether the presence of a peacekeeping force enhances the prospects for gaining an agreement between protagonists the academic literature suggests opposing logics one suggesting the desirability of peacekeeping forces while the other implies that they may be counterproductive we consider whether the presence of peacekeeping enhances or inhibits mediation and negotiation attempts we also explore whether the success rates for international mediation and negotiation efforts in those conflicts are affected by the presence of peacekeeping forces our results suggest support for the pessimistic view of peacekeeping as it discourages diplomatic efforts and decreases the likelihood of achieving a settlement although the results are clearer for interstate conflict than for civil wars", "title_raw": "The Peacekeeping\u2013Peacemaking Dilemma", "abstract_raw": "Peacekeeping has become an increasingly prominent tool for conflict management and there has been an accompanying explosion of scholarly studies on peacekeeping. Yet, such analyses typically ignore the process of getting a peace agreement itself, missing the potential impact that a peacekeeping force might have in facilitating a peace agreement between protagonists. In this paper, we explore among both enduring rivalries and civil wars whether the presence of a peacekeeping force enhances the prospects for gaining an agreement between protagonists. The academic literature suggests opposing logics: one suggesting the desirability of peacekeeping forces while the other implies that they may be counterproductive. We consider whether the presence of peacekeeping enhances or inhibits mediation and negotiation attempts. We also explore whether the success rates for international mediation and negotiation efforts in those conflicts are affected by the presence of peacekeeping forces. Our results suggest support for the pessimistic view of peacekeeping as it discourages diplomatic efforts and decreases the likelihood of achieving a settlement, although the results are clearer for interstate conflict than for civil wars." }, { "paper": "2419832941", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2005", "title": "science flourishes in a secular democracy", "label": [ "555826173", "72590504" ], "author": [ "2552809292", "1643418713" ], "reference": [ "2031097002" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Science flourishes in a secular democracy.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2045628031", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2005", "title": "deliberative democracy and the plural polity", "label": [ "2781093426", "2779707719", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2141344899" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Deliberative Democracy and the Plural Polity", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2067441376", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2005", "title": "multiple methods more success how to help students of all learning styles succeed in quantitative political analysis courses", "label": [ "37228920", "94625758", "39343751" ], "author": [ "2027314178" ], "reference": [ "204272641", "571856966", "1553072466", "2141606517", "2143661313", "2171301064" ], "abstract": "it is often advised to know your audience before giving a lecture and this is especially important when we lecture to students moreover knowing your audience is critical in quantitative analysis courses where it can be especially challenging to teach mostly math phobic students but it is in quantitative analysis courses where faculty may know their audience the least while many subfields in the discipline have implemented pedagogical innovations such as seminar style discussion simulations and even learning communities quantitative methods courses seem to be the last hold out for the traditional lecture format", "title_raw": "Multiple Methods, More Success: How to Help Students of All Learning Styles Succeed in Quantitative Political Analysis Courses", "abstract_raw": "It is often advised to \u201cknow your audience\u201d before giving a lecture, and this is especially important when we lecture to students. Moreover, knowing your audience is critical in quantitative analysis courses, where it can be especially challenging to teach mostly math-phobic students. But it is in quantitative analysis courses where faculty may know their audience the least. While many subfields in the discipline have implemented pedagogical innovations such as seminar-style discussion, simulations, and even learning communities, quantitative methods courses seem to be the last hold-out for the traditional lecture format." }, { "paper": "1998161488", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2005", "title": "distinguishing red and green biotechnology cultivation effects of the elite press", "label": [ "2775987171" ], "author": [ "2169500019" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Distinguishing Red and Green Biotechnology: Cultivation Effects of the Elite Press", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "47486814", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2005", "title": "class action cops public servants or private entrepreneurs", "label": [ "86532276", "2777351106", "3116431" ], "author": [ "1533931217", "2138848352", "693512763" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "d blurring public private and civil criminal distinctions e delegation of attorney general functions to private lawyers iii if class action lawyers seek to portray themselves as public servants they should be subject to the same ethical standards as public servants a some jurisdictions have enacted legislation addressing ethical issues that arise when states retain private lawyers to represent their citizens 1 some states bar payment of contingency fees in public representations by private attorneys 2 states are also addressing ethical concerns raised by attorney general retention of campaign contributors b states should consider applying the same types of ethical standards to class action lawyers", "title_raw": "CLASS ACTION \"COPS\": PUBLIC SERVANTS OR PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS?", "abstract_raw": "D. Blurring Public/Private and Civil/Criminal Distinctions E. Delegation of Attorney General Functions to Private Lawyers III. If Class Action Lawyers Seek to Portray Themselves as Public Servants, They Should Be Subject to the Same Ethical Standards as Public Servants A. Some Jurisdictions Have Enacted Legislation Addressing Ethical Issues That Arise When States Retain Private Lawyers to Represent Their Citizens 1. Some states bar payment of contingency fees in public representations by private attorneys 2. States are also addressing ethical concerns raised by attorney general retention of campaign contributors B. States Should Consider Applying the Same Types of Ethical Standards to Class Action Lawyers" }, { "paper": "3125705291", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2005", "title": "international law in times of hegemony unequal power and the shaping of the international legal order", "label": [ "46295352", "34355311", "135121143", "94625758", "196927870", "55447825" ], "author": [ "248539162" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "hegemony and international law are often regarded as irreconcilable international law is widely assumed to depend on a balance of power and to be eschewed by hegemons in favour of political tools this corresponds to an often idealized contrast between international law and international politics one reflecting reason and justice the other brute power realists and critical legal scholars have long sought to counter this idealization but often by merely reducing international law to power this article seeks to go beyond these positions by analysing the multiple ways in which dominant states interact with international law drawing on international relations theory it develops a model of this interaction and illustrates it with historical examples taken mainly from spanish british and american phases of dominance the typical pattern observed is one of instrumentalization and withdrawal coupled with attempts at reshaping international law in a more hierarchical way and at replacing it with domestic legal tools that better accommodate formal hierarchies the resulting picture should provide a starting point for critique and help us better understand why international law is simultaneously instrumental and resistant to the pursuit of power international law is important for powerful states as a source of legitimacy but in order to provide legitimacy it needs to distance itself from power and has to resist its mere translation into law international law then occupies an always precarious but eventually secure position between the demands of the powerful and the ideals of justice held in international society", "title_raw": "International Law in Times of Hegemony: Unequal Power and the Shaping of the International Legal Order", "abstract_raw": "Hegemony and international law are often regarded as irreconcilable: international law is widely assumed to depend on a balance of power and to be eschewed by hegemons in favour of political tools. This corresponds to an often idealized contrast between international law and international politics, one reflecting reason and justice, the other brute power. Realists and critical legal scholars have long sought to counter this idealization, but often by merely reducing international law to power. This article seeks to go beyond these positions by analysing the multiple ways in which dominant states interact with international law. Drawing on international relations theory, it develops a model of this interaction and illustrates it with historical examples, taken mainly from Spanish, British and American phases of dominance. The typical pattern observed is one of instrumentalization and withdrawal, coupled with attempts at reshaping international law in a more hierarchical way and at replacing it with domestic legal tools that better accommodate formal hierarchies. The resulting picture should provide a starting point for critique and help us better understand why international law is simultaneously instrumental and resistant to the pursuit of power. International law is important for powerful states as a source of legitimacy, but in order to provide legitimacy, it needs to distance itself from power and has to resist its mere translation into law. International law then occupies an always precarious, but eventually secure position between the demands of the powerful and the ideals of justice held in international society." }, { "paper": "3122456906", "venue": "51885707", "year": "2005", "title": "tourism and glocalization local tour guiding", "label": [ "18918823", "2778968369", "2119116", "2295859", "96089941" ], "author": [ "2136128906" ], "reference": [ "146038659", "171609882", "175149270", "197669098", "225860940", "236608154", "562905436", "593023411", "600198094", "614479325", "616799777", "622945356", "1228409084", "1485917420", "1486705910", "1487688203", "1499956611", "1513813202", "1541515907", "1550315790", "1572138273", "1573016386", "1575465981", "1601570212", "1607052799", "1965447164", "1966529744", "1980354603", "1982913309", "1985412925", "2004038836", "2006088261", "2007870267", "2008730288", "2011717229", "2022509175", "2033032953", "2039889606", "2042505259", "2049814556", "2054473382", "2066247608", "2067935225", "2071572923", "2075357908", "2077567443", "2092232469", "2095616782", "2129013301", "2132403215", "2148493242", "2149237526", "2158100791", "2241915643", "2289411252", "2325747149", "2329292095", "2486675208", "2580169180", "2971144434" ], "abstract": "in tourism studies globalization and localization are often conceived of as a binary opposition the ethnography of an indonesian group of tour guides presented here illus trates how the global and the local are intimately intertwined through what has been described as the process of glocalization the guides studied are remarkable front runners of glocalization they fully participate in global popular culture and use new technologies in their private lives while guiding however they skillfully represent the glocalized life around them as a distinctive local adapted to the tastes of different groups of international tour ists it is concluded that tourism offers excellent opportunities to study glocalization but that more grounded research is needed keywords globalization glocalization tour guides anthropology ethnography 2005 elsevier ltd all rights reserved resume tourisme et glocalisation guides locales beaucoup d etudes sur le tourisme sont axees sur l opposition entre globalisation et localisation l ethnographie d un groupe de guides indonesiens complete notre comprehension de l interrelation qui s etablit entre le global et le local a travers de ce qui est decrit comme glocalisation les guides partic ipent a la culture populaire globale et utilisent les nouvelles technologies dans leur vie privee cependant en effectuant leur travail de guide elles representent habilement la vie glocalisee autour d eux comme quelque chose authentiquement locale adaptee aux gouts de diffe rents groupes de touristes le travail debouche sur la conclusion que l activitetouristique represente un excellent support pour etudier les processus de glocalisation mais que des recherches complementaires sont necessaires mots cles mondialisation glocalisation guides touristiques anthropologie ethnographie 2005 elsevier ltd all rights reserved", "title_raw": "Tourism and glocalization \u201cLocal\u201d Tour Guiding", "abstract_raw": "In tourism studies globalization and localization are often conceived of as a binary opposition. The ethnography of an Indonesian group of tour guides presented here illus- trates how the global and the local are intimately intertwined through what has been described as the process of ''glocalization''. The guides studied are remarkable front-runners of glocalization. They fully participate in global popular culture and use new technologies in their private lives. While guiding, however, they skillfully represent the glocalized life around them as a distinctive ''local'', adapted to the tastes of different groups of international tour- ists. It is concluded that tourism offers excellent opportunities to study glocalization, but that more grounded research is needed. Keywords: globalization, glocalization, tour guides, anthropology, ethnography. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Resume\u00b4: Tourisme et glocalisation: Guides \u00ab locales \u00bb. Beaucoup d'etudes sur le tourisme, sont axees sur l' opposition entre globalisation et localisation. L'ethnographie d'un groupe de guides indonesiens complete notre comprehension de l' interrelation qui s' etablit entre le global et le local, a travers de ce qui est decrit comme ''glocalisation''. Les guides partic- ipent a la culture populaire globale et utilisent les nouvelles technologies dans leur vie privee. Cependant, en effectuant leur travail de guide, elles representent habilement la vie glocalisee autour d' eux comme quelque chose authentiquement ''locale'', adaptee aux gouts de diffe \u00b4- rents groupes de touristes. Le travail debouche sur la conclusion que l' activitetouristique represente un excellent support pour etudier les processus de glocalisation, mais que des recherches complementaires sont necessaires. Mots-cles: Mondialisation, glocalisation, guides touristiques, anthropologie, ethnographie. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved." }, { "paper": "2371141546", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2005", "title": "the yesterday today and tomorrow of gaoxiong city in taiwan", "label": [ "2119116" ], "author": [ "2378077561" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in the background of the globalization taiwan has the regional advantage in the global repetition in the age coming of the high speed railway it becomes the relay station of the world s sea transportation aviation and highway it is no t only the key value of taiwan but also the key point during its development pro cess from single center to multi center", "title_raw": "The yesterday, today and tomorrow of Gaoxiong city, in Taiwan", "abstract_raw": "In the background of the globalization, Taiwan has the regional advantage in the global repetition. In the age coming of the high-speed railway, it becomes the relay station of the world's sea transportation, aviation and highway. It is no t only the key value of Taiwan but also the key point during its development pro cess from single-center to multi-center." }, { "paper": "2051961311", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2006", "title": "jaime sepulveda mexico s passionate proponent of public health", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2022062410" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Jaime Sep\u00falveda: Mexico's passionate proponent of public health.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1970021106", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2006", "title": "new responsibilities of faith related agencies", "label": [ "68062652", "16920402", "148834064", "3116431", "109986646", "536738050", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2104012865", "2148808184" ], "reference": [ "1536045138", "1835127109", "1965165747", "1967396475", "1970337459", "1972978463", "1987554649", "1996726897", "2045190703", "2051464787", "2055149219", "2065921424", "2068727550", "2072352236", "2108795964", "2118980931", "2154820256", "2164366908", "2324117868", "2335490284" ], "abstract": "nonprofit agencies with a religious base may be strongly affected by recent public policy changes they tend to deliver services in areas where federal resources are further declining and are eligible for the special government purchase of service contracts that now may be provided to religious entities religious agencies also are now widely expected to deliver uniquely beneficial services and to mobilize social capital to compensate for increasing restrictions of some governmental programs the current article reports on a qualitative longitudinal interview based investigation of program changes and their relation to policy changes in a two city sample of what are called faith related agencies in so doing it investigates the implications of relying on religious agencies for service delivery making use of an extensive framework concerning how agencies are organized the work finds that faith related agencies mildly contribute to increased variety of service delivery styles in the examined cities but that they rarely expand services significantly to meet increased need or otherwise provide dramatically unique service content in response to recent public policy changes the patterns in part reflect trade offs between fully emphasizing the unique aspects of religion and entering the public arena and they thus question the likely role of religion in reforming social service systems", "title_raw": "New Responsibilities of Faith\u2010Related Agencies", "abstract_raw": "Nonprofit agencies with a religious base may be strongly affected by recent public policy changes; they tend to deliver services in areas where federal resources are further declining and are eligible for the special government purchase of service contracts that now may be provided to religious entities. Religious agencies also are now widely expected to deliver uniquely beneficial services and to mobilize social capital to compensate for increasing restrictions of some governmental programs. The current article reports on a qualitative, longitudinal, interview-based investigation of program changes and their relation to policy changes in a two-city sample of what are called \u201cfaith-related\u201d agencies. In so doing, it investigates the implications of relying on religious agencies for service delivery. Making use of an extensive framework concerning how agencies are organized, the work finds that faith-related agencies mildly contribute to increased variety of service delivery styles in the examined cities, but that they rarely expand services significantly to meet increased need or otherwise provide dramatically unique service content in response to recent public policy changes. The patterns in part reflect trade-offs between fully emphasizing the unique aspects of religion and entering the public arena, and they thus question the likely role of religion in reforming social service systems." }, { "paper": "2049987261", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2006", "title": "the importance of being first effects of candidates list positions in the 2003 bavarian state election", "label": [ "11027740", "48226144", "117763746", "520049643", "199539241", "2777094542", "20871130", "106259374", "143838007" ], "author": [ "2104203835", "1991448681" ], "reference": [ "58190140", "603175843", "614342652", "1581694436", "1971313102", "1980341167", "1983878267", "1985452872", "1993285967", "1996957464", "2010398643", "2012138545", "2014206758", "2015505435", "2030398623", "2054513383", "2063647924", "2124605258", "2125378284", "2127205765", "2132395080", "2132829884", "2145506979", "2148962857", "2329648039" ], "abstract": "abstract normative theories of democracy do not pay much attention to technicalities of voting implicitly assuming that these do not influence voting behaviour and election outcomes significantly however it is not clear whether this is actually the case in this article we analyse whether one such technical detail matters for voting behaviour the ballot position based on previous research in the field we discuss ballot position effects and deduce hypotheses concerning list position effects in the 2003 bavarian state election in the empirical analysis it turns out that ballot positions had a considerable influence on voting behaviour in this election especially the top position on party lists rendered a large bonus of votes obviously technicalities matter", "title_raw": "The importance of being first: Effects of candidates' list positions in the 2003 Bavarian state election", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Normative theories of democracy do not pay much attention to technicalities of voting, implicitly assuming that these do not influence voting behaviour and election outcomes significantly. However, it is not clear whether this is actually the case. In this article we analyse whether one such technical detail matters for voting behaviour: the ballot position. Based on previous research in the field, we discuss ballot position effects and deduce hypotheses concerning list position effects in the 2003 Bavarian state election. In the empirical analysis, it turns out that ballot positions had a considerable influence on voting behaviour in this election, especially, the top position on party lists rendered a large bonus of votes. Obviously, technicalities matter." }, { "paper": "2171526767", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2006", "title": "comparing nations and states human rights and democracy in india", "label": [ "543595228", "555826173", "169437150", "94625758", "2780668109", "95691615", "22299250", "86615163" ], "author": [ "2124109762", "2714219962" ], "reference": [ "125127275", "803601209", "1120929527", "1502532850", "1506532709", "1535803599", "1539225652", "1604115074", "1977825494", "1987002647", "1988797246", "1998084847", "2002486309", "2006291951", "2007053118", "2007081842", "2013857031", "2029920676", "2033924431", "2034617014", "2034645929", "2041415039", "2050255340", "2053040449", "2055390585", "2076313235", "2076589453", "2083277050", "2084013884", "2093238527", "2099410089", "2107992979", "2122715487", "2138833481", "2140409505", "2143395739", "2151780178", "2152012158", "2158938546", "2164540423", "2168775419", "2169568540", "2181510250", "2202655326", "2224939552", "2241105155", "2522576994", "2797720500", "3125244167", "3186842352" ], "abstract": "democracy and the protection of human rights generally go together but not in india india is an outlier in the cross national research that aims to explain human rights performance using state level subnational data and drawing on the approaches pioneered at the cross national level the authors examine the reasons for the outlier status their findings suggest that the aggregate whole nation human rights and democracy scores misrepresent the political experience of much of india the authors find that participation political parties and the level and nature of opposition threat help us understand the incidence of human rights violations within india", "title_raw": "Comparing Nations and States Human Rights and Democracy in India", "abstract_raw": "Democracy and the protection of human rights generally go together, but not in India. India is an outlier in the cross-national research that aims to explain human rights performance. Using state-level subnational data and drawing on the approaches pioneered at the cross-national level, the authors examine the reasons for the outlier status. Their findings suggest that the aggregate whole-nation human rights and democracy scores misrepresent the political experience of much of India. The authors find that participation, political parties, and the level and nature of opposition threat help us understand the incidence of human rights violations within India." }, { "paper": "2067127279", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2006", "title": "who director general election an agenda for the future", "label": [ "45184978" ], "author": [ "2699803755" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "WHO Director-General election: an agenda for the future", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2129095168", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2006", "title": "apsa fund successfully mentoring latino scholars", "label": [ "2779297142", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2157243100" ], "reference": [ "145800406" ], "abstract": "recent census estimates place the percentage of americans who are of latino hispanic origin at more than 14 up from 12 5 in the 2000 census despite comprising this large and increasing proportion of the population latinos continue to be severely underrepresented in the discipline today latinos comprise fewer than 2 of all political scientists in the united states this significant under representation reflects the many barriers that continue to exist in terms of educational attainment among latinos in turn our discipline is impacted by this trend as our ability to adequately assess the political incorporation and impact of this increasingly important minority population is seriously limited", "title_raw": "APSA Fund Successfully Mentoring Latino Scholars", "abstract_raw": "Recent census estimates place the percentage of Americans who are of Latino/Hispanic origin at more than 14%, up from 12.5% in the 2000 census. Despite comprising this large and increasing proportion of the population, Latinos continue to be severely underrepresented in the discipline. Today Latinos comprise fewer than 2% of all political scientists in the United States. This significant under-representation reflects the many barriers that continue to exist in terms of educational attainment among Latinos. In turn, our discipline is impacted by this trend as our ability to adequately assess the political incorporation and impact of this increasingly important minority population is seriously limited." }, { "paper": "2028035211", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2006", "title": "burmese refugees in tokyo livelihoods in the urban environment", "label": [ "160735492", "513891491", "173145845", "70036468" ], "author": [ "694354900" ], "reference": [ "1952403056", "1989409487", "1996926035", "2031803770", "2123282272", "2479994881", "2492065316", "2499349489" ], "abstract": "this paper explores the consequences of japan s refugee policy for burmese refugees living in tokyo by examining refugees livelihoods and responses to the immigration refugee legal system it begins with a description of japan s legal framework as it pertains to immigrants and refugees then examines four elements of refugees livelihoods in tokyo employment housing health care and education tokyo s urban environment enables burmese refugees from all backgrounds to generate income and make a living finding a place to live is possible with the help of the burmese community both legal and illegal education is only partially successful but will prove more challenging as the refugee population grows the present system is woefully inadequate to meet the health needs of asylum seekers while refugees manage adequately this is largely due to the burmese community s strength and to some extent the response of japanese civil society in the form of volunteer organizations this success is in spite of japan s rusty immigration and refugee system which slow to recognize that its temporary population is gradually becoming more permanent is in need of more than a cosmetic makeover", "title_raw": "Burmese Refugees in Tokyo: Livelihoods in the Urban Environment", "abstract_raw": "This paper explores the consequences of Japan's refugee policy for Burmese refugees living in Tokyo by examining refugees' livelihoods and responses to the immigration/ refugee legal system. It begins with a description of Japan's legal framework as it pertains to immigrants and refugees, then examines four elements of refugees' livelihoods in Tokyo: employment, housing, health care and education. Tokyo's urban environment enables Burmese refugees from all backgrounds to generate income and make a living. Finding a place to live is possible with the help of the Burmese community, both legal and illegal. Education is only partially successful, but will prove more challenging as the refugee population grows. The present system is woefully inadequate to meet the health needs of asylum seekers. While refugees manage adequately, this is largely due to the Burmese community's strength and to some extent the response of Japanese civil society in the form of volunteer organizations. This success is in spite of Japan's rusty immigration and refugee system, which, slow to recognize that its temporary population is gradually becoming more permanent, is in need of more than a cosmetic makeover." }, { "paper": "2041091532", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2006", "title": "on the limits of liberal peace chiefs and democratic decentralization in post war sierra leone", "label": [ "509929229", "203133693", "136810230", "3116431", "2781058233", "34355311", "2779707719", "87616379" ], "author": [ "1208960354" ], "reference": [ "993658782", "1517064459", "1548575267", "1583585620", "1982514633", "1991188736", "1992447093", "2020776920", "2021974825", "2038564850", "2074792718", "2108649388", "2123702575", "2135190670", "2140399838", "2264817223", "2276213314", "2408488235", "2506306713", "3141795530" ], "abstract": "liberal peace the explicit merging of international security and development policy has arrived fairly late on the scene in sierra leone one of its primary foci is regimes of customary governance and sociality associated with chiefdom administration many international agencies consider these regimes irredeemably oppressive towards the rural poor and a root cause of the recent civil war while the present government of sierra leone remains supportive of chieftaincy international donors are supporting a fast track decentralization programme that it is hoped will supply a new system of democratic governance to a rural populace already straining against the leash of custom this article drawing upon the author s recent fieldwork in sierra leone undertakes a critical examination of this policy it is argued that popular grievances notwithstanding chieftaincy is the historic focus of struggles for political control over the sierra leonean countryside both the national elite and the rural poor remain deeply engaged in these struggles and many among the latter continue to value customary authority as a defence against the abuse of bureaucratic power fast tracking decentralization in the war ravaged countryside may therefore only succeed in shifting the balance of political power away from the poor the proliferation of civil conflict in the post cold war era has prompted the merging of international development and security policy a fundamental fear in the global north is that new wars may create zones of lawlessness open to exploitation by international criminal and terrorist organizations development is now perceived as having a vital role in combating violent instability its explicit aim is to transform societies in such a way as to avoid future conflict employing guiding principles that richard fanthorpe rfanthorpe blueyonder co uk is an independent consultant and visiting research fellow at the department of anthropology university of sussex this article is an output from a research project funded by the uk department for international development dfid the views expressed are not necessarily those of dfid 1 the africa conflict prevention pool an information document dfid london 2004 p iii see also a more secure world our shared responsibility report of the secretary general s high level panel on threats challenges and change united nations new york 2004 mary kaldor new and old wars organized violence in a global era polity press cambridge 2001", "title_raw": "On the Limits of Liberal Peace: Chiefs and Democratic Decentralization in Post-War Sierra Leone", "abstract_raw": "Liberal peace, the explicit merging of international security and development policy, has arrived fairly late on the scene in Sierra Leone. One of its primary foci is regimes of customary governance and sociality associated with chiefdom administration. Many international agencies consider these regimes irredeemably oppressive towards the rural poor and a root cause of the recent civil war. While the present government of Sierra Leone remains supportive of chieftaincy, international donors are supporting a fast-track decentralization programme that, it is hoped, will supply a new system of democratic governance to a rural populace already straining against the leash of 'custom'. This article, drawing upon the author's recent fieldwork in Sierra Leone, undertakes a critical examination of this policy. It is argued that, popular grievances notwithstanding, chieftaincy is the historic focus of struggles for political control over the Sierra Leonean countryside. Both the national elite and the rural poor remain deeply engaged in these struggles, and many among the latter continue to value customary authority as a defence against the abuse of bureaucratic power. Fast-tracking decentralization in the war-ravaged countryside may therefore only succeed in shifting the balance of political power away from the poor. THE PROLIFERATION OF CIVIL CONFLICT IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA has prompted the merging of international development and security policy. A fundamental fear in the global North is that 'new wars' may create 'zones of lawlessness', open to exploitation by international criminal and terrorist organizations.' Development is now perceived as having a vital role in combating violent instability. Its explicit aim is to transform societies in such a way as to avoid future conflict, employing guiding principles that Richard Fanthorpe (rfanthorpe@blueyonder.co.uk) is an independent consultant and visiting research fellow at the Department of Anthropology, University of Sussex. This article is an output from a research project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID). The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. 1. The Africa Conflict Prevention Pool: An information document (DFID, London, 2004), p. iii. See also A More Secure World: Our shared responsibility. Report of the Secretary-General's High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (United Nations, New York, 2004); Mary Kaldor, New and Old Wars: Organized violence in a global era (Polity Press, Cambridge, 2001)." }, { "paper": "2102321689", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2006", "title": "electing to fight why emerging democracies go to war", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758", "199539241", "144661447" ], "author": [ "2076190293" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "electing to fight why emerging democracies go to war edward d mansfield and jack snyder cambridge mass mit press 2005 pp x 300 research by political scientists has established fairly conclusively that democratically governed states rarely go to war against each other there is also evidence to suggest that democracies tend not to become embroiled in militarized disputes short of war the policy implications of this body of scholarly research seem clear one path to a more peaceful world is by encouraging pressuring even forcing autocratic governments to embrace democracy not so fast say edward mansfield and jack snyder in electing to fight why emerging democracies go to war for a glaring exception to the democratic peace is their finding that societies undergoing democratic transitions may in fact be rather warlike", "title_raw": "Electing to Fight: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War", "abstract_raw": "Electing to Fight: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War , Edward D. Mansfield and Jack Snyder, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2005, pp. x, 300. Research by political scientists has established, fairly conclusively, that democratically governed states rarely go to war against each other. There is also evidence to suggest that democracies tend not to become embroiled in militarized disputes short of war. The policy implications of this body of scholarly research seem clear: one path to a more peaceful world is by encouraging, pressuring, even forcing autocratic governments to embrace democracy. Not so fast, say Edward Mansfield and Jack Snyder in Electing to Fight: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War , for a glaring exception to the \u201cdemocratic peace\u201d is their finding that societies undergoing democratic transitions may in fact be rather warlike." }, { "paper": "2546878153", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2006", "title": "how to keep the bomb from iran", "label": [ "60643870", "148834064", "194110935", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2071135346" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the ongoing crisis with tehran is not the first time washington has had to face a hostile government attempting to develop nuclear weapons nor is it likely to be the last yet the reasoning of u s officials now struggling to deal with iran s nuclear ambitions is clouded by a kind of historical amnesia which leads to both creeping fatalism about the united states ability to keep iran from getting the bomb and excessive optimism about the united states ability to contain iran if it does become a nuclear power proliferation fatalism and deterrence optimism reinforce each other in a disturbing way as nuclear proliferation comes to be seen as inevitable wishful thinking can make its consequences seem less severe and if faith in deterrence grows incentives to combat proliferation diminish", "title_raw": "How to Keep the Bomb From Iran", "abstract_raw": "The ongoing crisis with Tehran is not the first time Washington has had to face a hostile government attempting to develop nuclear weapons. Nor is it likely to be the last. Yet the reasoning of U.S. officials now struggling to deal with Iran's nuclear ambitions is clouded by a kind of historical amnesia, which leads to both creeping fatalism about the United States' ability to keep Iran from getting the bomb and excessive optimism about the United States' ability to contain Iran if it does become a nuclear power. Proliferation fatalism and deterrence optimism reinforce each other in a disturbing way. As nuclear proliferation comes to be seen as inevitable, wishful thinking can make its consequences seem less severe, and if faith in deterrence grows, incentives to combat proliferation diminish." }, { "paper": "1994234148", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2006", "title": "saving italian science", "label": [ "199539241", "59742305" ], "author": [ "2106465385" ], "reference": [ "1974553018", "1980977951" ], "abstract": "as the general election looms candidate prime minister romano prodi strives to convince italy s discontented scientists that he can turn things around alison abbott reports", "title_raw": "Saving Italian science", "abstract_raw": "As the general election looms, candidate prime minister Romano Prodi strives to convince Italy's discontented scientists that he can turn things around. Alison Abbott reports." }, { "paper": "2164957346", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2006", "title": "political developments in the eu member states", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2131707779", "2568162078" ], "reference": [ "601516799", "1498933843", "1549856323", "1980989908", "2006957845", "2008750348", "2025962988", "2038455120", "2075297263", "2109187994", "2232007907", "2915084699" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Developments in the EU Member States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2108582572", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2006", "title": "response to stephen earl bennett", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "1984708578", "2123183913", "2200565833", "2042026971", "2216324088", "2218054087" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Response to Stephen Earl Bennett", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1978790064", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "they re resolute on institute", "label": [ "2781440851", "2776034101", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2014282320" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "despite a resounding lack of support from almost every group it is supposed to reach the planned european institute of technology eit is still moving forward this week european union leaders issued formal plans for spending 2 4 billion 3 billion over 5 years on the university which is supposed to help close what politicians see as europe s innovation gap initially floated in 2005 by european commission president jose manuel barroso the eit has been roundly criticized by scientists and university leaders as ill conceived and a potential waste of money and effort science 3 march p 1227 1 now comes news that industry isn t impressed either last week barroso s office confirmed that 800 million in hoped for financial support from companies had not materialized yet this week the commission presented its proposed regulations for governing the institute via a board that would choose european researchers to form networks called knowledge and innovation communities the proposal still needs approval from the european parliament and the council of ministers but critics have largely given up hope of blocking the school s creation says geoffrey boulton of the university of edinburgh in the u k he hopes now to try to steer it in a productive direction 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 311 5765 1227a", "title_raw": "They're Resolute on Institute", "abstract_raw": "Despite a resounding lack of support from almost every group it is supposed to reach, the planned European Institute of Technology (EIT) is still moving forward. This week, European Union leaders issued formal plans for spending \u20ac2.4 billion ($3 billion) over 5 years on the university, which is supposed to help close what politicians see as Europe's \u201cinnovation gap.\u201d Initially floated in 2005 by European Commission president Jose Manuel Barroso, the EIT has been roundly criticized by scientists and university leaders as ill-conceived and a potential waste of money and effort ( Science , 3 March, p. [1227][1]).\n\nNow comes news that industry isn't impressed either. Last week, Barroso's office confirmed that \u20ac800 million in hoped-for financial support from companies had not materialized. Yet this week, the commission presented its proposed regulations for governing the institute, via a board that would choose European researchers to form networks called \u201cknowledge and innovation communities.\u201d The proposal still needs approval from the European Parliament and the council of ministers, but critics have largely given up hope of blocking the school's creation, says Geoffrey Boulton of the University of Edinburgh in the U.K. He hopes now \u201cto try to steer it\u201d in a productive direction.\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.311.5765.1227a" }, { "paper": "2091589923", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2006", "title": "sewing women immigrants and the new york city garment industry", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "2122896132" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sewing Women: Immigrants and the New York City Garment Industry", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1983337875", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2006", "title": "book review the politics of piracy intellectual property in contemporary china", "label": [ "34974158", "191935318", "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2194899320" ], "reference": [ "1965334266", "2053157952", "2333722552" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: The Politics of Piracy: Intellectual Property in Contemporary China", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2163346871", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2006", "title": "urban refugees in nairobi problems of protection mechanisms of survival and possibilities for integration", "label": [ "173145845" ], "author": [ "2422435069" ], "reference": [ "581036257", "617971640", "1507808875", "1541949981", "1548634029", "1550397092", "1597549215", "1601241452", "1965372552", "1967084136", "1984561654", "1991588681", "2046929807", "2065181857", "2071853470", "2146547896", "2198847224", "2393567364", "2737370450", "2796770792", "3121621167" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Urban Refugees in Nairobi: Problems of Protection, Mechanisms of Survival, and Possibilities for Integration", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2122700648", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2006", "title": "how patriotic is the patriot act freedom versus security in the age of terrorism amitai etzioni", "label": [ "2778886770", "203133693", "199539241" ], "author": [ "662254120" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Patriotic is the Patriot Act?: Freedom Versus Security in the Age of Terrorism \u2013 Amitai Etzioni", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "42913021", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2006", "title": "for the chief", "label": [ "2778983918", "199539241", "139621336", "24845683" ], "author": [ "2237639880" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "by the summer of 1992 i had interviewed with numerous prospective employers including partners in law firms career prosecutors and federal appellate judges each interview generally included a moment when the interviewer would ask something along the lines of what do you want to do in your legal career i occasionally stumbled over my response as i sought to tailor my answer to what i assumed would impress the potential job giver so i was not surprised in the summer of 1992 when chief justice rehnquist posed his version of the question about halfway through my interview for a clerkship position i paused momentarily cleared my throat and announced that i wanted to return to montana to practice law and someday start my own law firm the chief immediately perked up and described his years of private practice in phoenix in the 1950s and 1960s he had chosen this unconventional route after completing his clerkship with justice jackson in 1952 when he bypassed the big law firms of washington d c and new york and instead headed west with his wife", "title_raw": "For the Chief", "abstract_raw": "By the summer of 1992, I had interviewed with numerous prospective employers, including partners in law firms, career prosecutors, and federal appellate judges. Each interview generally included a moment when the interviewer would ask something along the lines of \"What do you want to do in your legal career?\" I occasionally stumbled over my response as I sought to tailor my answer to what I assumed would impress the potential job-giver. So I was not surprised in the summer of 1992 when Chief Justice Rehnquist posed his version of the question about halfway through my interview for a clerkship position. I paused momentarily, cleared my throat, and announced that I wanted to return to Montana to practice law and someday start my own law firm. The Chief immediately perked up and described his years of private practice in Phoenix in the 1950s and 1960s. He had chosen this unconventional route after completing his clerkship with Justice Jackson in 1952 when he bypassed the big law firms of Washington, D.C., and New York and instead headed west with his wife." }, { "paper": "1992880210", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2006", "title": "inequality and american democracy what we know and what we need to learn", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2103124309" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Inequality and American Democracy: What We Know and What We Need to Learn", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2578959851", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2006", "title": "the future of the welfare state crisis myths and crisis realities", "label": [ "129603779" ], "author": [ "2093619408" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Future of the Welfare State: Crisis Myths and Crisis Realities:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2103809171", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2006", "title": "the attrition game initial resources initial contests and the exit of candidates during the us presidential primary season", "label": [ "555826173", "2775925287", "197487636", "2777582232", "119588120" ], "author": [ "158711826" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in contests for the presidential nominations from the democratic and republican parties in the united states the duration of candidacies determines both the winning candidate i e the one who outlasts his or her opponents and the amount of intraparty conflict before the nomination is bestowed this article analyses how strategic considerations lead some candidates to exit the race more quickly than others factors which could shape such strategic considerations include initial candidate assets and characteristics national poll standings fund raising totals and occupational background initial contest outcomes iowa and new hampshire and structural variables proportional representation delegate distribution rules party front loaded calendar results from a duration model indicate that poll standings money in a curvilinear pattern new hampshire and iowa results occupational backgrounds and the front loading of the primary calendar shaped the length of candidacies for presidential contestants from 1980 to 2004 candidates lacking in initial assets or early victories leave the nomination race in a process most resembling a game of attrition", "title_raw": "The attrition game: Initial resources, initial contests and the exit of candidates during the US presidential primary season", "abstract_raw": "In contests for the presidential nominations from the Democratic and Republican parties in the United States, the duration of candidacies determines both the winning candidate (i.e., the one who outlasts his or her opponents) and the amount of intraparty conflict before the nomination is bestowed. This article analyses how strategic considerations lead some candidates to exit the race more quickly than others. Factors which could shape such strategic considerations include initial candidate assets and characteristics (national poll standings, fund-raising totals and occupational background), initial contest outcomes (Iowa and New Hampshire) and structural variables (proportional representation delegate distribution rules, party, front-loaded calendar). Results from a duration model indicate that poll standings, money (in a curvilinear pattern), New Hampshire and Iowa results, occupational backgrounds and the front-loading of the primary calendar shaped the length of candidacies for presidential contestants from 1980 to 2004. Candidates lacking in initial assets or early victories leave the nomination race in a process most resembling a game of attrition." }, { "paper": "2135409199", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2006", "title": "overcoming the conflict between the right to freedom of religion and women s rights to equality a south african case study of muslim marriages", "label": [ "2775854416", "199539241", "22299250", "83009810", "2777351106", "86615163", "169437150", "2776841582" ], "author": [ "2562150060" ], "reference": [ "370310517", "1485890998", "1698517319", "2036304096", "2248322683", "2333697728" ], "abstract": "this article provides an overview of the south african law reform process regarding the legal recognition of muslim marriages in the context of south africa s constitutional commitments with reference to the proposed draft legislation it explores the conflict between the right to freedom of religion and women s rights to equality that arises as a result of the proposed recognition despite the conflict it is argued that legal recognition of muslim marriages is necessary for the protection of women s rights after considering the ways in which the conflict has been dealt with at legislative and judicial levels suggestions are offered to overcome the conflict so that women s rights to equality are not compromised", "title_raw": "Overcoming the Conflict between the Right to Freedom of Religion and Women's Rights to Equality: A South African Case Study of Muslim Marriages", "abstract_raw": "This article provides an overview of the South African law reform process regarding the legal recognition of Muslim marriages in the context of South Africa's constitutional commitments. With reference to the proposed draft legislation, it explores the conflict between the right to freedom of religion and women's rights to equality that arises as a result of the proposed recognition. Despite the conflict, it is argued that legal recognition of Muslim marriages is necessary for the protection of women's rights. After considering the ways in which the conflict has been dealt with at legislative and judicial levels, suggestions are offered to overcome the conflict so that women's rights to equality are not compromised." }, { "paper": "2038494609", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "preserving the jarawa s future", "label": [ "2778272461", "2779121571", "2780765947", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2237399850" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "pallava bagla s article on the tribes of the andaman islands asks whether the indian government should isolate or integrate tribal peoples like the jarawa and the sentinelese isolate or engage indigenous islanders pose challenge for india news focus 7 july p 34 in my experience through my work with survival international 1 1 tribal peoples can only survive if their rights to ownership of their land and to determine their own future are respected in the case of the jarawa the indian government s failure to uphold their rights may lead to the tribe being wiped out completely local poachers are invading the jarawa s forest bringing disease and violence and hunting the animals on which the tribe depends earlier this year the jarawa suffered an outbreak of measles a disease that has annihilated thousands of tribes worldwide the legal mechanisms to protect the jarawa are all in place poaching and entry into the jarawa reserve are illegal the indian supreme court has ordered the closure of an infamous road that brings settlers into the heart of the jarawa s land and the local administration s own policy states that the jarawa must be allowed to live according to their own genius however these measures are yet to be implemented figure 2 credit olivier blaise unless india acts now to save the jarawa it is likely that they will meet the same fate as their great andamanese cousins dependent on government handouts riddled with alcohol problems and reduced to a fraction of their former number 1 1 3 see 1 ref 1 2 pending yes 3 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text", "title_raw": "Preserving the Jarawa's future.", "abstract_raw": "Pallava Bagla's article on the tribes of the Andaman Islands asks whether the Indian government should \u201cisolate\u201d or \u201cintegrate\u201d tribal peoples like the Jarawa and the Sentinelese (\u201cIsolate or engage? Indigenous islanders pose challenge for India,\u201d News Focus, 7 July, p. 34). In my experience through my work with Survival International ([1][1]), tribal peoples can only survive if their rights to ownership of their land, and to determine their own future, are respected.\n\nIn the case of the Jarawa, the Indian government's failure to uphold their rights may lead to the tribe being wiped out completely. Local poachers are invading the Jarawa's forest, bringing disease and violence, and hunting the animals on which the tribe depends. Earlier this year, the Jarawa suffered an outbreak of measles, a disease that has annihilated thousands of tribes worldwide.\n\nThe legal mechanisms to protect the Jarawa are all in place: Poaching and entry into the Jarawa reserve are illegal, the Indian supreme court has ordered the closure of an infamous road that brings settlers into the heart of the Jarawa's land, and the local administration's own policy states that the Jarawa must be allowed to live \u201caccording to their own genius.\u201d However, these measures are yet to be implemented.\n\n![Figure][2] \n\nCREDIT: OLIVIER BLAISE\n\nUnless India acts now to save the Jarawa, it is likely that they will meet the same fate as their Great Andamanese cousins: dependent on government handouts, riddled with alcohol problems, and reduced to a fraction of their former number.\n\n1. 1.[\u21b5][3]See .\n\n [1]: #ref-1\n [2]: pending:yes\n [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1. in text\"" }, { "paper": "2103656700", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2006", "title": "downsize my polity the impact of size on party membership and member activism", "label": [ "555826173", "51575053", "2779707719", "2777932401" ], "author": [ "2151249733" ], "reference": [ "48428665", "121208353", "1500963344", "1978723170", "1983684785", "1988039389", "1999826012", "2023263241", "2027584521", "2047872628", "2067564972", "2105275777", "2141134683", "2151430150", "2324656367", "2475777720" ], "abstract": "this study examines a long standing concern in democratic theory the relationship between polity size and democratic participation size is thought to have a direct effect on the individual s proclivity to take part in collective action as well as indirect effects through increased bureaucratic complexity and group heterogeneity two factors often related to group size the study operates at two levels at the nation state level it examines the relationship between size and party membership rates in 27 representative democracies it then extends the analysis to the party organization level examining the effect of party size on members activism in 29 parties across 5 advanced industrial democracies the results show that increasing size strongly diminishes participation at both levels", "title_raw": "Downsize My Polity? The Impact of Size on Party Membership and Member Activism", "abstract_raw": "This study examines a long-standing concern in democratic theory: the relationship between polity size and democratic participation. Size is thought to have a direct effect on the individual's proclivity to take part in collective action, as well as indirect effects through increased bureaucratic complexity and group heterogeneity \u2013 two factors often related to group size. The study operates at two levels. At the nation-state level, it examines the relationship between size and party membership rates in 27 representative democracies. It then extends the analysis to the party organization level, examining the effect of party size on members' activism in 29 parties across 5 advanced industrial democracies. The results show that increasing size strongly diminishes participation at both levels." }, { "paper": "2019727271", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "scientific activity should have no borders", "label": [ "190377246", "203133693", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2578665924" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "bohannon s well researched and balanced article bridging the divide in the holy land news focus 21 apr p 352 1 might be criticized by some as political activism but it is an excellent example of scientific activism he takes on a host of controversial issues terrorism the human right to move freely environmental degradation and barriers to scientific collaboration in these days of debates on borders that impede the free movement of people the u s mexican border the european union african maritime borders and the israeli palestinian separation wall bohannon reminds us that science is an international activity that knows and should know no border scientists understand the importance of the free flow of ideas knowledge and professionals when scientific collaboration is seen as enemy collaborationism science is losing against confrontational politics while the battle against terrorism is of great importance walls and barriers are against the essence of science 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 312 5772 352a", "title_raw": "Scientific activity should have no borders.", "abstract_raw": "Bohannon's well-researched and balanced article \u201cBridging the divide in the Holy Land\u201d (News Focus, 21 Apr., p. [352][1]) might be criticized by some as \u201cpolitical activism,\u201d but it is an excellent example of scientific activism. He takes on a host of controversial issues: terrorism, the human right to move freely, environmental degradation, and barriers to scientific collaboration. In these days of debates on borders that impede the free movement of people\u2014the U.S.-Mexican border, the European Union-African maritime borders, and the Israeli-Palestinian separation wall\u2014Bohannon reminds us that science is an international activity that knows and should know no border.\n\nScientists understand the importance of the free flow of ideas, knowledge, and professionals. When scientific collaboration is seen as enemy collaborationism, science is losing against confrontational politics. While the battle against terrorism is of great importance, walls and barriers are against the essence of science.\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.312.5772.352a" }, { "paper": "2168743295", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2006", "title": "how voters evaluate economic competence a comparison between parties in and out of power", "label": [ "2780668109", "59742305", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2283673840" ], "reference": [ "567477521", "658320226", "1533726682", "1546542748", "1973218120", "1974749322", "1977408164", "1977825494", "1978227816", "1982756839", "1985109450", "2006727765", "2023543516", "2042196160", "2048832313", "2054094800", "2073871843", "2075958125", "2081776448", "2091685284", "2115074743", "2127897282", "2150470967", "2157381595", "2164231312", "2332281206", "2484428093", "2491467441", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "accounts of general election outcomes increasingly talk about voters comparing parties in terms of their perceived competence to manage the economy and public services this raises the question of how voters form evaluations of party competence while it is assumed that voters form evaluations of the incumbent based on the signals provided by its current performance in office it is less clear how in the absence of such a performance record voters might evaluate the potential competence of the opposition using data from the british election panel studies this article models the process by which voters form evaluations of parties competence to manage the economy and compares results across incumbent and opposition parties on the basis of evidence from general elections of 1992 2001 the article demonstrates that the process of evaluation formation does differ between parties in and out of power with retrospective evaluations of recent economic performance influencing evaluations of the former but not th", "title_raw": "How Voters Evaluate Economic Competence: A Comparison between Parties in and out of Power:", "abstract_raw": "Accounts of general election outcomes increasingly talk about voters comparing parties in terms of their perceived competence to manage the economy and public services. This raises the question of how voters form evaluations of party competence. While it is assumed that voters form evaluations of the incumbent based on the signals provided by its current performance in office it is less clear how, in the absence of such a performance record, voters might evaluate the potential competence of the opposition. Using data from the British Election Panel Studies this article models the process by which voters form evaluations of parties' competence to manage the economy and compares results across incumbent and opposition parties. On the basis of evidence from general elections of 1992\u20132001 the article demonstrates that the process of evaluation formation does differ between parties in and out of power with retrospective evaluations of recent economic performance influencing evaluations of the former but not th..." }, { "paper": "1979047335", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "why care about hp", "label": [ "2778985074", "555826173", "181907467", "199539241", "2908777429", "48798503" ], "author": [ "2106076193" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "figure 1 the strange troubles afflicting the hewlett packard company have been disclosed during the past weeks in one of those agonizingly slow news dribbles first we learned that agents and perhaps members of the hp board had been impersonating others in order to sleuth out the identity of a director suspected of leaking secrets to the press next we were told more than we wanted to know about pretexting the dubious and possibly illegal practice through which phone records were being obtained then a sting operation designed to trick a reporter into revealing information sources came to light finally though this may not really be the end the attorney general of california has indicted the former chair of the board and four others for felonious conduct should we care i think so disclosure besides my local silicon valley bias i serve on the board of the david and lucile packard foundation hp is a major science company over time it has developed and produced instruments that can be found in many of our research laboratories so it s an important entry in the story of science it s also a company known for the unusual level of social conscience that has accompanied its talent for scientific innovation its origin is a silicon valley legend that begins with the garage the palo alto location to which two young stanford guys dave packard and bill hewlett took their research interests off campus to begin product development the lore expanded as the company grew both founders had open offices visible on the hp floor and the hp way became descriptive shorthand for a democratic style of management that was the opposite of imperial ceo ship during the company s intense growth phase dave packard regularly served on the palo alto school board a contribution later interrupted by his service as u s undersecretary of defense figure 1 credit david paul morris getty there is something sad about a corporate scandal when it happens to people who have done good things and an organization that has built a treasured reputation over nearly three quarters of a century the behavior of some directors was highly questionable and may turn out to be illegal if the attorney general s indictment holds water moreover media and public attention to the problems was surely enhanced by the occasionally bizarre character of the episodes as they unfolded granting all that this case is very different from previous corporate scandals no one profited no shareholders were defrauded and no one falsified accounts in short this isn t enron healthsouth or global crossing but in media presentations that distinction is not as clearly drawn as it might be so it is hardly surprising that the hp scandal is generating anxiety and sympathy in silicon valley hp was a prime mover in making the region a receptive haven for good academic ideas that can be taken into startup companies and turned into products for human service next generation hewletts and packards have undertaken leadership roles in the two foundations that bear the founders names and have helped not only local institutions and projects but also science including support for young science faculty climate change research and analysis and energy policy there is a lot of good in the history of hp and its successors one can hope that fair minded readers of the negative stories will remember that but at least this episode leaves us with a valuable lesson the agonizing day by day unrolling of the bad news should have been halted by a prompt disclosure of the whole story dirty linen and all how to do this right is often referred to as the jim burke strategy after the president of johnson and johnson who dealt with a fatal tylenol tampering incident in 1982 capsules laced with cyanide by immediately announcing a recall investigating the case and changing the product had hp put the whole story out right away expressed regret and fixed matters it could have spared the company its family and its friends much discomfort but that didn t happen how hard it is for us to learn from the mistakes of others 1 pending yes", "title_raw": "Why care about HP", "abstract_raw": "![Figure][1] \n\nThe strange troubles afflicting the Hewlett-Packard company have been disclosed during the past weeks in one of those agonizingly slow news dribbles. First we learned that agents and perhaps members of the HP board had been impersonating others in order to sleuth out the identity of a director suspected of leaking secrets to the press. Next we were told more than we wanted to know about \u201cpretexting\u201d: the dubious and possibly illegal practice through which phone records were being obtained. Then a sting operation designed to trick a reporter into revealing information sources came to light. Finally, though this may not really be the end, the attorney general of California has indicted the former chair of the board and four others for felonious conduct.\n\nShould we care? I think so (disclosure: besides my local Silicon Valley bias, I serve on the board of the David and Lucile Packard Foundation). HP is a major science company; over time, it has developed and produced instruments that can be found in many of our research laboratories. So it's an important entry in the story of science. It's also a company known for the unusual level of social conscience that has accompanied its talent for scientific innovation. Its origin is a Silicon Valley legend that begins with \u201cThe Garage\u201d: the Palo Alto location to which two young Stanford guys, Dave Packard and Bill Hewlett, took their research interests off campus to begin product development. The lore expanded as the company grew: Both founders had open offices visible on the HP floor, and the \u201cHP Way\u201d became descriptive shorthand for a democratic style of management that was the opposite of imperial CEO-ship. During the company's intense growth phase, Dave Packard regularly served on the Palo Alto School Board, a contribution later interrupted by his service as U.S. Undersecretary of Defense.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: DAVID PAUL MORRIS/GETTY\n\nThere is something sad about a corporate scandal when it happens to people who have done good things and an organization that has built a treasured reputation over nearly three-quarters of a century. The behavior of some directors was highly questionable and may turn out to be illegal if the attorney general's indictment holds water. Moreover, media and public attention to the problems was surely enhanced by the occasionally bizarre character of the episodes as they unfolded. Granting all that, this case is very different from previous corporate scandals. No one profited, no shareholders were defrauded, and no one falsified accounts. In short, this isn't Enron, HealthSouth, or Global Crossing, but in media presentations, that distinction is not as clearly drawn as it might be.\n\nSo it is hardly surprising that the HP scandal is generating anxiety and sympathy in Silicon Valley. HP was a prime mover in making the region a receptive haven for good academic ideas that can be taken into startup companies and turned into products for human service. Next-generation Hewletts and Packards have undertaken leadership roles in the two foundations that bear the founders' names and have helped not only local institutions and projects, but also science\u2014including support for young science faculty, climate change research and analysis, and energy policy. There is a lot of good in the history of HP and its successors; one can hope that fair-minded readers of the negative stories will remember that.\n\nBut at least this episode leaves us with a valuable lesson. The agonizing day-by-day unrolling of the bad news should have been halted by a prompt disclosure of the whole story, dirty linen and all. How to do this right is often referred to as the Jim Burke strategy, after the president of Johnson and Johnson who dealt with a fatal Tylenol tampering incident in 1982 (capsules laced with cyanide) by immediately announcing a recall, investigating the case, and changing the product. Had HP put the whole story out right away, expressed regret, and fixed matters, it could have spared the company, its family, and its friends much discomfort. But that didn't happen. How hard it is for us to learn from the mistakes of others!\n\n [1]: pending:yes" }, { "paper": "1533629047", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "legislator wants nsf to offer 1 billion energy prize", "label": [ "2781287902", "2780966255" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "could a 1 billion prize offered by the national science foundation help end the u s addiction to foreign oil representative frank wolf r va thinks it might read more", "title_raw": "Legislator Wants NSF to Offer $1 Billion Energy Prize", "abstract_raw": "Could a $1 billion prize offered by the National Science Foundation help end the U.S. addiction to foreign oil? Representative Frank Wolf (R-VA) thinks it might. (Read more.)" }, { "paper": "1524921530", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "a call to improve south africa s journals", "label": [ "2778805511", "151719136", "61521584" ], "author": [ "2270633014" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "scientific publishingpretoria south africa a new report by south africa s national science academy concludes that about half of the country s 255 accredited research journals have virtually no impact abroad and less than a tenth of them are even indexed on international citation lists read more 1 1 http www sciencemag org cgi content full 312 5775 831b", "title_raw": "A Call to Improve South Africa's Journals", "abstract_raw": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHINGPRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA-- A new report by South Africa's national science academy concludes that about half of the country's 255 accredited research journals have virtually no impact abroad and less than a tenth of them are even indexed on international citation lists. ([Read more][1].)\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5775/831b" }, { "paper": "2116731288", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2006", "title": "the politics of air pollution urban growth ecological modernization and symbolic inclusion", "label": [ "94625758", "2777946990" ], "author": [ "2138071341" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the politics of air pollution urban growth ecological modernization and symbolic inclusion george a gonzalez albany state university of new york press 2005 pp viii 144 air pollution in the united states and especially in los angeles has been widely covered in academic studies throughout the second half of the twentieth century and the new century has already produced several new publications on the topic some of this abundance has to be explained by the tenacity of the problem especially of urban air pollution and the continuing inability of state agencies and business to deal with it in an era of kyoto and in the face of an american federal government that is dragging its feet on the larger questions of climate control air pollution has been recast from a nuisance to a public health problem to a global environmental threat precisely at a time when so little real action towards its solution seems to be taking place yet the continued interest in air pollution also can be explained by the blossoming of new political theories on the making of policy which allow for reinterpretations of the data at hand discourse theory ecological modernization and so on gonzalez s book is predominantly motivated by that second set of reasons this long essay it is a short book which reads more like an extended journal article makes a distinctive argument which attempts to challenge some of the traditional stories told about air pollution regulation as well as the constructs of political thought that undergird them", "title_raw": "The Politics of Air Pollution: Urban Growth, Ecological Modernization and Symbolic Inclusion", "abstract_raw": "The Politics of Air Pollution: Urban Growth, Ecological Modernization and Symbolic Inclusion , George A. Gonzalez, Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005, pp. viii, 144. Air pollution in the United States, and especially in Los Angeles, has been widely covered in academic studies throughout the second half of the twentieth century, and the new century has already produced several new publications on the topic. Some of this abundance has to be explained by the tenacity of the problem, especially of urban air pollution and the continuing inability of state agencies and business to deal with it. In an era of Kyoto and in the face of an American federal government that is dragging its feet on the larger questions of climate control, air pollution has been recast from a nuisance to a public health problem to a global environmental threat, precisely at a time when so little real action towards its solution seems to be taking place. Yet, the continued interest in air pollution also can be explained by the blossoming of new political theories on the making of policy, which allow for reinterpretations of the data at hand (discourse theory, ecological modernization, and so on). Gonzalez's book is predominantly motivated by that second set of reasons. This long essay\u2014it is a short book which reads more like an extended journal article\u2014makes a distinctive argument which attempts to challenge some of the traditional stories told about air pollution regulation as well as the constructs of political thought that undergird them." }, { "paper": "187311631", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2006", "title": "civil rights antitrust and early decision programs", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "675482091" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Civil Rights, Antitrust, and Early Decision Programs", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1661502474", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "palestinian archaeology braces for a storm", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2303441720" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "ramallah the election of hamas to the palestinian government in january has caused some countries to suspend direct aid to the palestinian territories putting a crimp on palestinian archaeology read more", "title_raw": "Palestinian Archaeology Braces for a Storm", "abstract_raw": "RAMALLAH-- The election of Hamas to the Palestinian government in January has caused some countries to suspend direct aid to the Palestinian territories, putting a crimp on Palestinian archaeology. (Read more.)" }, { "paper": "2001769193", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2006", "title": "book review rethinking britain and europe plurality elections party management and british policy on european integration", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2133812969" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Rethinking Britain and Europe: Plurality Elections, Party Management and British Policy on European Integration", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2079073551", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2006", "title": "book review anne marie brady making the foreign serve china managing foreigners in the people s republic oxford rowman and littlefield 2003 286pp 65 00 hbk 24 95 pbk", "label": [ "191935318", "2777256092" ], "author": [ "2579748565" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Anne-Marie Brady, Making the Foreign Serve China: Managing Foreigners in the People's Republic (Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003, 286pp., $65.00 hbk.; $24.95 pbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2009271517", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2006", "title": "understanding legislators and their perceptions of the tourism industry the case of north carolina usa 1990 and 2003", "label": [ "18918823", "75545042", "2777351106", "148834064", "39549134", "2776398702", "151807755", "83009810" ], "author": [ "1640420763", "2578266465", "2068239291" ], "reference": [ "72417591", "151993792", "309160325", "340118947", "1458290494", "1492434179", "1683933397", "1741962272", "1797091502", "2004184632", "2009294012", "2009683656", "2033207569", "2033952602", "2037918703", "2039713776", "2041648012", "2070189405", "2121032496", "2138920795", "2143599545", "2237565911", "3015634246", "3123246855" ], "abstract": "abstract the tourism industry in north carolina usa is recognized as an important contributor to the state s economy successful tourism requires cooperation between government private and non profit agencies in order to better understand legislators perceptions of tourism and enhance communication between legislators and tourism practitioners this study reviews north carolina legislators knowledge of and attitudes toward the tourism industry in both 1990 and 2003 then analyzes more deeply the 2003 group the findings indicate that legislators report a more positive attitude toward the economic importance of tourism in 2003 than in 1990 but still have limited knowledge of the tourism industry the study also analyzes the 2003 north carolina legislators opinions regarding legislative support for tourism in response to these findings possible strategies are suggested to improve legislators knowledge base image and attitudes of tourism with the goal of achieving strengthened legislative support for tourism", "title_raw": "Understanding legislators and their perceptions of the tourism industry: the case of North Carolina, USA, 1990 and 2003.", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The tourism industry in North Carolina (USA) is recognized as an important contributor to the state's economy. Successful tourism requires cooperation between government, private, and non-profit agencies. In order to better understand legislators\u2019 perceptions of tourism and enhance communication between legislators and tourism practitioners, this study reviews North Carolina legislators\u2019 knowledge of and attitudes toward the tourism industry in both 1990 and 2003, then analyzes more deeply the 2003 group. The findings indicate that legislators report a more positive attitude toward the economic importance of tourism in 2003 than in 1990, but still have limited knowledge of the tourism industry. The study also analyzes the 2003 North Carolina legislators\u2019 opinions regarding legislative support for tourism. In response to these findings, possible strategies are suggested to improve legislators\u2019 knowledge base, image, and attitudes of tourism with the goal of achieving strengthened legislative support for tourism." }, { "paper": "2172077217", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2006", "title": "reclaiming the enlightenment toward a politics of radical engagement", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2933807211" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reclaiming the Enlightenment: Toward a Politics of Radical Engagement", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3124463787", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2006", "title": "reply mis understanding good behavior tenure", "label": [ "2778203169", "2776154427", "2779572086" ], "author": [ "2125170984", "2237955907" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "conventional wisdom regards impeachment as the only means of removing federal judges so that the good behavior tenure provision of article iii must be understood as an awkward cross reference to the impeachment provisions of article ii in how to remove a federal judge we argue that the conventional wisdom is mistaken at least as a matter of original meaning at the founding good behaviour was a term of art referring to a generic tenure that could be granted to anybody with respect to any item that might be held e g jobs licenses land the phrase meant that the holder could be deprived of the item only through a judicial proceeding establishing misbehavior for centuries this process of judging whether someone with good behavior tenure had misbehaved occurred in ordinary trials outside of the impeachment process given this background if impeachment was to serve as the sole means of judging misbehavior a constitution would have to expressly provide as much precisely because it was an unusual departure from prior practice our constitution lacks any hint that it makes impeachment the sole means of judging misbehavior leading us to conclude that the constitution as originally understood permitted removal of misbehaving judges by means other than impeachment i e the traditional judicial process of ordinary trials in his response to our article professor martin redish ably defends the orthodox view he contends that we are mistaken on two levels on the clause oriented level of what good behaviour meant or means2 and also on the", "title_raw": "Reply: (Mis)Understanding Good-Behavior Tenure", "abstract_raw": "Conventional wisdom regards impeachment as the only means of removing federal judges, so that the good-behavior tenure provision of Article III must be understood as an awkward cross-reference to the impeachment provisions of Article II. In How To Remove a Federal Judge,' we argue that the conventional wisdom is mistaken, at least as a matter of original meaning. At the Founding, \"good Behaviour\" was a term of art referring to a generic tenure that could be granted to anybody with respect to any item that might be held (e.g., jobs, licenses, land). The phrase meant that the holder could be deprived of the item only through a judicial proceeding establishing misbehavior. For centuries, this process of judging whether someone with good-behavior tenure had misbehaved occurred in ordinary trials outside of the impeachment process. Given this background, if impeachment was to serve as the sole means of judging misbehavior, a constitution would have to expressly provide as much precisely because it was an unusual departure from prior practice. Our Constitution lacks any hint that it makes impeachment the sole means of judging misbehavior, leading us to conclude that the Constitution, as originally understood, permitted removal of misbehaving judges by means other than impeachment, i.e., the traditional judicial process of ordinary trials. In his response to our article, Professor Martin Redish ably defends the orthodox view. He contends that we are mistaken on two levels on the clause oriented level of what \"good Behaviour\" meant (or means2) and also on the" }, { "paper": "1996760523", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2006", "title": "american voter turnout an institutional perspectiveby david hill", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2120968947" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "American Voter Turnout: An Institutional Perspectiveby David Hill", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1517045036", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "indo u s nuclear pact in jeopardy", "label": [ "2777351106", "178005623", "199539241", "2779073994", "148834064" ], "author": [ "39168690" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "new delhi top nuclear scientists in the indian government speaking on condition of anonymity have told science that they oppose provisions of new u s legislation that paves the way for civilian nuclear cooperation between the two nations read more", "title_raw": "Indo-U.S. Nuclear Pact in Jeopardy", "abstract_raw": "NEW DELHI-- Top nuclear scientists in the Indian government, speaking on condition of anonymity, have told\n Science that they oppose provisions of new U.S. legislation that paves the way for civilian nuclear cooperation between the two nations. (Read more.)" }, { "paper": "1984111845", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2006", "title": "restructuring the japanese national research system and its effect on performance", "label": [ "2779455174", "107645774", "45237549", "148834064", "105345328" ], "author": [ "3101435049", "2008438279" ], "reference": [ "2011908708", "2021239154", "2095271263", "3186861947" ], "abstract": "the japanese government has been attempting to reform the national research system for the past 20 years this paper describes the structural changes of the system and its performance based on bibliometric analyses and discusses the effects of s t policy the investigation indicates that although japan gradually increased its production of highly cited publications its share of low cited publications is much higher than the former detailed analyses reveal that the top eight universities account for half of the highly cited publications in the university sector while other hundreds of universities have massively increased their low cited publications since 1990 the development of financial and human resources for research in the 1990s enabled new actors to be involved in scientific research but the resources were concentrated to a small number of universities reinforcing the collaboration between these universities and others", "title_raw": "Restructuring the Japanese national research system and its effect on performance", "abstract_raw": "The Japanese government has been attempting to reform the national research system for the past 20 years. This paper describes the structural changes of the system and its performance based on bibliometric analyses and discusses the effects of S&T policy. The investigation indicates that although Japan gradually increased its production of highly cited publications, its share of low-cited publications is much higher than the former. Detailed analyses reveal that the top eight universities account for half of the highly cited publications in the university sector, while other hundreds of universities have massively increased their low-cited publications since 1990. The development of financial and human resources for research in the 1990s enabled new actors to be involved in scientific research, but the resources were concentrated to a small number of universities, reinforcing the collaboration between these universities and others." }, { "paper": "2122076983", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2006", "title": "how international are undergraduate political science programs at liberal arts and sciences colleges and universities in the midwest", "label": [ "47177190", "37413474", "2781400479", "39549134", "3116431", "120912362" ], "author": [ "725428207", "2190859651" ], "reference": [ "128337217", "228146523", "1558097898", "1704526991", "2001115926", "2016885337", "2095188292", "2280451396", "2801753872" ], "abstract": "i nternationalization is a hot topic on college and university campuses today it is also one of the hot button topics facing the apsa see varshney 2004 breuning 2005 although relatively re cent to apsa internationalizing the higher education curriculum has long been a concern of educational scholars arum 1987 identifies three areas in which campuses can pursue internation alization promoting the international content of curricula tracking the inter national movement of scholars and stu dents and providing technical assistance and educational cooperation programs that engage american education in ef forts abroad rivers 1994 adds a fourth dimension promoting awareness of other cultures and ways of thinking through extracurricular cross cultural experiences which would ideally in clude outreach to the surrounding community there are many known benefits that derive from the internationalization of student experiences these include devel oping international competence including cultural and linguistic skills and critical thinking skills among students breuning 2005 schattle 2003 rivers 1994 and promoting national se curity altbach 2002 altbach summa rizes these benefits thusly", "title_raw": "How International Are Undergraduate Political Science Programs at Liberal Arts and Sciences Colleges and Universities in the Midwest", "abstract_raw": "I nternationalization is a hot topic on college and university campuses today. It is also one of the hot button topics facing the APSA (see Varshney 2004; Breuning 2005). Although relatively re cent to APSA, internationalizing the higher education curriculum has long been a concern of educational scholars. Arum (1987) identifies three areas in which campuses can pursue internation alization: promoting the international content of curricula, tracking the inter national movement of scholars and stu dents, and providing technical assistance and educational cooperation programs that engage American education in ef forts abroad. Rivers (1994) adds a fourth dimension: promoting awareness of other cultures and ways of thinking through extracurricular cross-cultural experiences, which would ideally in clude outreach to the surrounding community. There are many known benefits that derive from the internationalization of student experiences. These include devel oping international competence including cultural and linguistic skills and critical thinking skills among students (Breuning, 2005; Schattle, 2003; Rivers 1994) and promoting national se curity (Altbach 2002). Altbach summa rizes these benefits thusly:" }, { "paper": "2592727696", "venue": "9731383", "year": "2006", "title": "design and the management of multi institutional research collaborations", "label": [ "2777161012" ], "author": [ "2229986127", "2235697172", "2195441499" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Design and the Management of Multi-institutional Research Collaborations", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2009573725", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2006", "title": "the decline of citizen participation in electoral politics in post authoritarian chile", "label": [ "68346564", "520049643", "2781046721", "177324205", "17058734", "199539241", "81307892", "2779838221" ], "author": [ "2013539116" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "turnout among registered voters remains high in post authoritarian chile but valid votes as a percentage of the voting age population have fallen significantly in the post authoritarian period and blank null voting non registration and abstention are on the rise why this article tests three rival explanations 1 lack of political support 2 depoliticization and 3 a generational shift in political culture these theories are not mutually exclusive but rather explain distinct contours of this electoral phenomenon compared to valid voters blank null voters exhibit less support for the political system are less politicized and more likely to have reached legal voting age during the democratic transition although non registrants also exhibit less political support and are more depoliticized than valid voters their behaviour is largely explained by a new political culture that stresses individual as opposed to collective participation in addition to shedding light on this chilean puzzle the", "title_raw": "The decline of citizen participation in electoral politics in post-authoritarian Chile", "abstract_raw": "Turnout among registered voters remains high in post-authoritarian Chile, but valid votes as a percentage of the voting-age population have fallen significantly in the post-authoritarian period and blank/null voting, non-registration, and abstention are on the rise. Why? This article tests three rival explanations: (1) lack of political support; (2) depoliticization; and (3) a generational shift in political culture. These theories are not mutually exclusive, but rather explain distinct contours of this electoral phenomenon. Compared to valid voters, blank/null voters exhibit less support for the political system, are less politicized, and more likely to have reached legal voting age during the democratic transition. Although non-registrants also exhibit less political support and are more depoliticized than valid voters, their behaviour is largely explained by a new political culture that stresses individual as opposed to collective participation. In addition to shedding light on this Chilean puzzle, the..." }, { "paper": "1593243814", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "intellectual property decision on nfkappab patent could have broad implications for biotech", "label": [ "34974158", "2776119841", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2720763774" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "intellectual propertyin what one patent expert called a potentially huge huge case a federal jury last week unanimously upheld a biotechnology patent that critics describe as exceptionally broad read more 1 1 http www sciencemag org cgi content full 312 5775 827a", "title_raw": "Intellectual property. Decision on NFkappaB patent could have broad implications for biotech.", "abstract_raw": "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYIn what one patent expert called a potentially \"huge, huge case,\" a federal jury last week unanimously upheld a biotechnology patent that critics describe as exceptionally broad. ([Read more][1].)\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5775/827a" }, { "paper": "2119031654", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2006", "title": "reconfiguring sovereignty nafta chapter 11 dispute settlement procedures and the issue of public private authority", "label": [ "186229450", "131676636", "167054989", "175021301", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2340328424" ], "reference": [ "29919816", "76813077", "126614291", "171716517", "229441601", "301716519", "571029209", "606422676", "608905969", "622284105", "631007077", "641659093", "644176948", "656696533", "808412736", "1606844561", "1904013512", "1975425834", "1983072116", "1993286133", "2010095791", "2020426461", "2022183040", "2040381985", "2061761612", "2074531804", "2078035010", "2156546064", "2157207849", "2164481330", "2342004013", "2485534287", "2488824241", "2578806185", "2742357267", "2743398182", "2743702180", "2796584456", "2889293273", "2904400492", "2974246646", "3123131371", "3125220196", "3125715642", "3126280144" ], "abstract": "abstract this article focuses on the claim that authority is shifting from public into private hands to partially test that thesis it examines the procedures for settling disputes under nafta chapter 11 itself an example of the broader category of investor state provisions found in bilateral investment agreements and some international conventions the article detects evidence of a delegation or transfer of public authority to private processes it deals only incidentally with nafta chapter 11 s grant to investors of the right to make direct claims against signatory governments rather it concentrates on the procedures for resolving such claims and the means available to states to assert the public interest specifically this article examines the way that the nafta chapter 11 dispute resolution mechanism is rooted in private arbitration processes and seeks to determine the effectiveness of the means available to public authorities to alter decisions emanating from them if they are deemed to be contrary to the public interest resume cet article considere l argument selon lequel l exercice de l autorite publique est en train de passer du domaine public au domaine prive afin de verifier au moins partiellement cette these l article passe en revue les procedures d adjudication des differends aux termes du chapitre 11 de l alena qui est lui meme un exemple de la categorie plus vaste des dispositions concernant le traitement des investisseurs et leur droit d apparaitre devant les tribunaux d arbitrage au meme titre que les etats que l on trouve dans certains traites bilateraux et internationaux l article decele les indices d une delegation ou d un transfert de l autorite publique vers le secteur prive il ne porte que tangentiellement sur le chapitre 11 de l alena et les droits des investisseurs de porter plainte contre les gouvernements signataires il analyse par contre de maniere plus approfondie les procedures utilisees pour resoudre de telles plaintes et les moyens dont disposent les etats pour defendre l interet general l auteur examine plus particulierement l enracinement de la procedure de resolution des differends du chapitre 11 de l alena dans les processus d arbitrage prive et cherche a determiner l efficacite des moyens dont disposent les autorites publiques pour modifier les decisions qui en resultent si elles s averent etre contraires a l interet general", "title_raw": "Reconfiguring Sovereignty: NAFTA Chapter 11 Dispute Settlement Procedures and the Issue of Public-Private Authority", "abstract_raw": "Abstract. This article focuses on the claim that authority is shifting from public into private hands. To partially test that thesis it examines the procedures for settling disputes under NAFTA Chapter 11 (itself an example of the broader category of investor-state provisions found in bilateral investment agreements and some international conventions). The article detects evidence of a delegation or transfer of public authority to private processes. It deals only incidentally with NAFTA Chapter 11's grant to investors of the right to make direct claims against signatory governments; rather, it concentrates on the procedures for resolving such claims, and the means available to states to assert the public interest. Specifically, this article examines the way that the NAFTA Chapter 11 dispute resolution mechanism is rooted in private arbitration processes and seeks to determine the effectiveness of the means available to public authorities to alter decisions emanating from them, if they are deemed to be contrary to the public interest. Resume. Cet article considere l'argument selon lequel l'exercice de l'autorite publique est en train de passer du domaine public au domaine prive. Afin de verifier, au moins partiellement, cette these l'article passe en revue les procedures d'adjudication des differends aux termes du chapitre 11 de l'ALENA - qui est lui-meme un exemple de la categorie plus vaste des dispositions concernant le traitement des investisseurs, et leur droit d'apparaitre devant les tribunaux d'arbitrage au meme titre que les Etats, que l'on trouve dans certains traites bilateraux et internationaux. L'article decele les indices d'une delegation ou d'un transfert de l'autorite publique vers le secteur prive. Il ne porte que tangentiellement sur le chapitre 11 de l'ALENA et les droits des investisseurs de porter plainte contre les gouvernements signataires; il analyse, par contre,de maniere plus approfondie les procedures utilisees pour resoudre de telles plaintes et les moyens dont disposent les Etats pour defendre l'interet general. L'auteur examine plus particulierement l'enracinement de la procedure de resolution des differends du chapitre 11 de l'ALENA dans les processus d'arbitrage prive et cherche a determiner l'efficacite des moyens dont disposent les autorites publiques pour modifier les decisions qui en resultent si elles s'averent etre contraires a l'interet general." }, { "paper": "1983029562", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2006", "title": "james a mcmillin the final victims foreign slave trade to north america 1783 1810 the final victims foreign slave trade to north america 1783 1810 the carolina lowcountry and the atlantic world", "label": [ "208050544" ], "author": [ "3000579327" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "James A. McMillin.The Final Victims: Foreign Slave Trade to North America, 1783\u20131810.:The Final Victims: Foreign Slave Trade to North America, 1783\u20131810.(The Carolina Lowcountry and the Atlantic World.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2080576010", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2006", "title": "descriptive representation and the composition of african american turnout", "label": [ "3116431", "203663800", "2779838221", "158071213", "520049643", "94625758", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2116706437", "2013040725" ], "reference": [ "591524452", "600035170", "609131716", "1504854090", "1510177425", "1520329473", "1579513228", "1599700820", "1822476863", "1952552476", "1967946954", "1968521523", "1979001148", "2004279575", "2005598086", "2015245186", "2019018309", "2031272337", "2033357821", "2035534527", "2043031359", "2046782908", "2049274295", "2055276308", "2056990521", "2067731049", "2072626012", "2078646629", "2082893736", "2085424008", "2090873117", "2103265779", "2108916662", "2125202429", "2130273899", "2134392204", "2137441478", "2140337504", "2146326397", "2149833781", "2150290749", "2151796435", "2168695899", "2324421607", "2327887748", "2911699962" ], "abstract": "though many studies have focused on african americans turnout levels in descriptively represented electoral districts few have examined the composition of african american turnout in these districts compared to districts that are not descriptively represented this study contends that descriptive representation should conditionally affect african americans political participation given preference heterogeneity among this group it then examines the extent to which the ideological orientations of african americans condition the effect of their representative s race in the 104th house on their probability of participating in the 1996 national election the study finds that when liberal african americans are descriptively represented they are more likely to vote while moderate and conservative african americans are less likely to vote these findings not only help to resolve prior studies disparate conclusions concerning descriptive representation s participatory effects but they also show that descriptive representation affects which african americans interests are communicated to elected officials through voting", "title_raw": "Descriptive Representation and the Composition of African American Turnout", "abstract_raw": "Though many studies have focused on African Americans' turnout levels in descriptively represented electoral districts, few have examined the composition of African-American turnout in these districts, compared to districts that are not descriptively represented. This study contends that descriptive representation should conditionally affect African Americans' political participation, given preference heterogeneity among this group. It then examines the extent to which the ideological orientations of African Americans condition the effect of their Representative's race in the 104th House on their probability of participating in the 1996 national election. The study finds that when liberal African Americans are descriptively represented, they are more likely to vote, while moderate and conservative African Americans are less likely to vote. These findings not only help to resolve prior studies' disparate conclusions concerning descriptive representation's participatory effects, but they also show that descriptive representation affects which African Americans' interests are communicated to elected officials through voting." }, { "paper": "1974708760", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2006", "title": "competition and community constitutional courts rhetorical action and the institutionalization of human rights in the european union", "label": [ "169437150", "22299250", "86615163", "27357055", "79638320", "199539241", "95691615", "543595228", "189726812" ], "author": [ "2342503214" ], "reference": [ "245725215", "647072119", "947082994", "1494364048", "1992755313", "2104112353", "2108485005", "2151234083", "2172096418", "2483444879", "2504008070", "2798352908", "2990362809" ], "abstract": "abstract the institutionalization of human rights in the eu started when the ecj began to make references to fundamental rights in its jurisprudence in the late 1960s in this article i explain this development as rhetorical action among constitutional courts the ecj national constitutional courts and the european court of human rights which are engaged in a competition over jurisdictions in the liberal international community because human rights are the highest order constitutional norms in this community successful claims for legal autonomy and supremacy must be based on the ability of courts to protect human rights at least as effectively as their competitors in order to defend its autonomy vis a vis national constitutional courts the ecj incorporated human rights into its case law however by basing its jurisprudence on the european convention on human rights it has become increasingly entrapped in acknowledging the supremacy of the strasbourg court", "title_raw": "Competition and community: constitutional courts, rhetorical action, and the institutionalization of human rights in the European Union", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACT The institutionalization of human rights in the EU started when the ECJ began to make references to fundamental rights in its jurisprudence in the late 1960s. In this article, I explain this development as rhetorical action among constitutional courts \u2013 the ECJ, national constitutional courts, and the European Court of Human Rights \u2013 which are engaged in a competition over jurisdictions in the liberal international community. Because human rights are the highest-order constitutional norms in this community, successful claims for legal autonomy and supremacy must be based on the ability of courts to protect human rights at least as effectively as their competitors. In order to defend its autonomy vis-a-vis national constitutional courts, the ECJ incorporated human rights into its case law. However, by basing its jurisprudence on the European Convention on Human Rights, it has become increasingly entrapped in acknowledging the supremacy of the Strasbourg Court." }, { "paper": "3023288157", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2006", "title": "refugee or internally displaced person to where should one flee", "label": [ "541189924", "173145845", "13934251" ], "author": [ "2152960563", "1809480214" ], "reference": [ "61190990", "1986931439", "2011895237", "2020921337", "2021522592", "2036627035", "2056037267", "2075957677", "2076634691", "2120196103", "2125576437", "2142013610", "2146280510", "2151780178", "2314672831", "2518469412", "2520103832", "3122209588", "3144494724" ], "abstract": "this study investigates the circumstances that lead some countries to produce a large number of refugees and relatively few internally displaced persons idps as opposed to a large number of idps", "title_raw": "Refugee or Internally Displaced Person?: To Where Should One Flee?", "abstract_raw": "This study investigates the circumstances that lead some countries to produce a large number of refugees and relatively few internally displaced persons (IDPs) as opposed to a large number of IDPs ..." }, { "paper": "1933522037", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "scientific workforce many overseas chinese researchers find coming home a revelation", "label": [ "191935318", "2778139618" ], "author": [ "1817140627" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "scientific workforceshanghai a growing number of midcareer chinese scientists are turning their backs on tenured positions in the west and a western lifestyle to join faculties back home read more 1 1 http www sciencemag org cgi content full 313 5794 1722", "title_raw": "Scientific workforce. Many overseas Chinese researchers find coming home a revelation.", "abstract_raw": "SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCESHANGHAI-- A growing number of midcareer Chinese scientists are turning their backs on tenured positions in the West--and a Western lifestyle--to join faculties back home. ([Read more][1].)\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/313/5794/1722" }, { "paper": "2022938551", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2006", "title": "welcome to world peace", "label": [ "2777162435", "203133693", "94625758", "109986646" ], "author": [ "341487075", "184369" ], "reference": [ "10195798", "593372220", "627391261", "627977710", "643715927", "644869998", "647734360", "1486226362", "1495796985", "1574162461", "1767515428", "1969313312", "1987939413", "2015166525", "2020181252", "2034722676", "2039976967", "2051718275", "2061008130", "2085295059", "2118463881", "2130517690", "2130534342", "2137032409", "2151780178", "2155424107", "2330659185", "2795504231", "2905588477" ], "abstract": "why study terrorism to many the answer might seem all too obvious but in fact terrorist attacks are relatively rare events that kill relatively few people far fewer than civil wars homicides or traffic accidents the social disruptions generated by terrorist attacks are largely due to the disproportionate attention we devote to them indeed a truly dispassionate costbenefit calculation might conclude that in a world of big problems and limited resources to address them the best response to terrorism could be to ignore it so why devote a special section of social forces to the issue we propose three related reasons to take the study of terrorism seriously one is that the form of organized politically motivated violence that has long interested activists and scholars the most inter state war is in decline students of political violence are thus shifting their attention to non state actors who assume a new importance in an era of relative peace and stability second nonstate actors have returned over the past quarter century to terrorist methods using seemingly random violence and the pulpit afforded by global media coverage to press their political agendas third terrorism has become such a potent political issue in many countries that the academic study of terrorism has important ramifications for electoral competition and public policy", "title_raw": "Welcome to World Peace", "abstract_raw": "Why study terrorism? To many the answer might seem all too obvious, but in fact terrorist attacks are relatively rare events that kill relatively few people far fewer than civil wars, homicides or traffic accidents. The social disruptions generated by terrorist attacks are largely due to the disproportionate attention we devote to them. Indeed, a truly dispassionate costbenefit calculation might conclude that in a world of big problems and limited resources to address them, the best response to terrorism could be to ignore it. So why devote a special section of Social Forces to the issue? We propose three related reasons to take the study of terrorism seriously. One is that the form of organized, politically motivated violence that has long interested activists and scholars the most inter-state war is in decline. Students of political violence are thus shifting their attention to non-state actors, who assume a new importance in an era of relative peace and stability. Second, nonstate actors have returned over the past quarter century to terrorist methods, using seemingly random violence and the pulpit afforded by global media coverage to press their political agendas. Third, terrorism has become such a potent political issue in many countries that the academic study of terrorism has important ramifications for electoral competition and public policy." }, { "paper": "2154825321", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2006", "title": "presidential coattails and legislative fragmentation", "label": [ "3116431", "197487636", "555826173", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2507762304" ], "reference": [ "51774562", "1495718658", "1509161467", "1533460353", "1537646239", "1565589301", "1633613640", "1970507680", "1983611588", "1986540218", "1995712462", "2001530421", "2001947080", "2003350916", "2008477779", "2028880895", "2031800894", "2032684151", "2032701230", "2033939302", "2034301206", "2045509200", "2045672904", "2051946341", "2055441130", "2056720499", "2060069014", "2072385746", "2079694060", "2100563072", "2114201972", "2117600384", "2119210910", "2137662801", "2140689529", "2145869153", "2146913620", "2148948369", "2159823353", "2162767271", "2163710075", "2186558790", "2312949963", "2318737463", "2318768889", "2501182069", "2796838224", "3122269797" ], "abstract": "considerable evidence suggests that legislative fragmentation can negatively aect the survival of democratic presidential regimes while there is a vast literature examining the determinants of legislative fragmentation one factor that has traditionally been overlooked is the impact of presidential elections do presidential elections increase or decrease legislative fragmentation does it matter if presidents are elected by plurality rule or by runo using a new dataset that covers", "title_raw": "Presidential Coattails and Legislative Fragmentation", "abstract_raw": "Considerable evidence suggests that legislative fragmentation can negatively aect the survival of democratic presidential regimes. While there is a vast literature examining the determinants of legislative fragmentation, one factor that has traditionally been overlooked is the impact of presidential elections. Do presidential elections increase or decrease legislative fragmentation? Does it matter if presidents are elected by plurality rule or by runo? Using a new dataset that covers" }, { "paper": "2078378014", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2006", "title": "the social security rights of older international migrants in the european union", "label": [ "2777111884", "19159745", "2780899237" ], "author": [ "2133865155", "1944616211" ], "reference": [ "67337692", "77005174", "613694068", "1512129325", "1517366736", "1554579587", "1577944751", "1608440673", "1861028453", "1973267261", "1979731376", "1992877364", "1994626059", "1998546304", "2000259480", "2007200911", "2034798296", "2038381797", "2053893764", "2070276078", "2082448006", "2092143998", "2094191731", "2111289196", "2135555879", "2145059923", "2168592839", "2171424927", "2526941798", "2592460285", "2592851779" ], "abstract": "europe is now home to a significant and diverse population of older international migrants social and demographic changes have forced the issue of social security in old age onto the european social policy agenda in the last decade in spite of an increased interest in the financial well being of older people many retired international migrants who are legally resident in the european union face structured disadvantages four linked factors are of particular importance in shaping the pension rights and levels of financial provision available to individual older migrants migration history socio legal status past relationship to the paid labour market and location within a particular eu member state building on a typology of older migrants the paper outlines the ways in which policy at both the european union and member state levels serves to diminish rather than enhance the social security rights of certain older international migrants", "title_raw": "The Social Security Rights of Older International Migrants in the European Union", "abstract_raw": "Europe is now home to a significant and diverse population of older international migrants. Social and demographic changes have forced the issue of social security in old age onto the European social policy agenda in the last decade. In spite of an increased interest in the financial well-being of older people, many retired international migrants who are legally resident in the European Union face structured disadvantages. Four linked factors are of particular importance in shaping the pension rights and levels of financial provision available to individual older migrants: migration history, socio-legal status, past relationship to the paid labour market, and location within a particular EU Member State. Building on a typology of older migrants, the paper outlines the ways in which policy at both the European Union and Member State levels serves to diminish rather than enhance the social security rights of certain older international migrants." }, { "paper": "3122009154", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2006", "title": "the political constitution of criminal justice", "label": [ "102587632", "202565627", "2776154427", "2778272461", "2780656516", "18650270", "2777351106", "2780262971" ], "author": [ "1695105097" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "table of contents introduction i crime politics and the constitution a the allocation of power b legislative politics and the constitution 1 policing and procedure 2 defining crimes and sentences 3 spending c executive branch politics and the constitution ii representation reinforcement a blueprint a the content of constitutional regulation b the method of constitutional regulation iii a reform program a policing the police b defining crimes and adjudicating guilt c punishment d federalism e imagining constitutional reform conclusion the politics of crime is widely seen as punitive racist and inattentive to the interests of criminal suspects and defendants constitutional law is widely seen as a partial remedy for those ills but in this instance the cure may be causing the disease at the margin constitutional law pushes legislative attention and budget dollars away from policing and criminal adjudication and toward corrections the law also widens the gap between the cost of investigating and prosecuting poor defendants and the cost of catching and punishing rich ones overcriminalization overpunishment discriminatory policing and prosecution overfunding of prison construction and underfunding of everything else these familiar political problems are more the consequences of constitutional regulation than justifications for it solving these problems requires radical constitutional reform the article explains why and then offers brief sketches of what that reform might look like in four areas policing adjudication and crime definition two fields that are better seen as one punishment and federalism it closes by explaining how reform could happen and why it probably won t introduction large literatures discuss the constitutional law of criminal justice and the politics of crime to date no substantial literature addresses the relationship between the two at first blush that relationship seems straightforward politicians ignore the interests of criminal suspects and defendants so the supreme court steps in to protect those interests on this view politics is to constitutional law as a disease is to the medicine that cures it america s politics of crime is indeed diseased but the metaphor may get causation backward the constitutional proceduralism of the 1960s and after helped to create the harsh justice 1 of the 1970s and after overcriminalization excessive punishment racially skewed drug enforcement overfunding of prisons and underfunding of everything else these familiar political problems are as much the consequences of constitutional regulation as the reasons for it the medicine is reinforcing the disease political incentives are the mechanism constitutional law creates a series of political taxes and subsidies making some kinds of legislation and law enforcement more expensive and others cheaper since the 1960s the supreme court has regulated policing and trial procedure aggressively while leaving substantive criminal law and until the past few years 2 noncapital sentencing to the politicians consequently legislators find it easy to expand criminal codes and raise sentences but harder to regulate policing and the trial process these incentives apply to spending as well prison budgets receive a constitutional subsidy budgets for criminal adjudication and especially local police are subject to a constitutional tax 3 to see how perverse those taxes and subsidies are it helps to visualize the criminal justice system as a giant funnel entering the broad end of the funnel are the tens of millions of men and women whom the police search or seize each year most of them guilty of nothing worse than a traffic offense 4 slide down the funnel and that broad pool of suspects narrows considerably producing a smaller pool of criminal defendants about two million per year charged with felonies and several million more charged with misdemeanors", "title_raw": "The Political Constitution of Criminal Justice", "abstract_raw": "TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I. CRIME, POLITICS, AND THE CONSTITUTION A. The Allocation of Power B. Legislative Politics and the Constitution 1. Policing and Procedure 2. Defining Crimes and Sentences 3. Spending C. Executive Branch Politics and the Constitution II. REPRESENTATION REINFORCEMENT: A BLUEPRINT A. The Content of Constitutional Regulation B. The Method of Constitutional Regulation III. A REFORM PROGRAM A. Policing the Police B. Defining Crimes and Adjudicating Guilt C. Punishment D. Federalism E. Imagining Constitutional Reform CONCLUSION The politics of crime is widely seen as punitive, racist, and inattentive to the interests of criminal suspects and defendants. Constitutional law is widely seen as a (partial) remedy for those ills. But in this instance, the cure may be causing the disease. At the margin, constitutional law pushes legislative attention--and budget dollars--away from policing and criminal adjudication and toward corrections. The law also widens the gap between the cost of investigating and prosecuting poor defendants and the cost of catching and punishing rich ones. Overcriminalization, overpunishment, discriminatory policing and prosecution, overfunding of prison construction and underfunding of everything else--these familiar political problems are more the consequences of constitutional regulation than justifications for it. Solving these problems requires radical constitutional reform. The Article explains why, and then offers brief sketches of what that reform might look like in four areas: policing, adjudication and crime definition (two fields that are better seen as one), punishment, and federalism. It closes by explaining how reform could happen, and why it probably won't. INTRODUCTION Large literatures discuss the constitutional law of criminal justice and the politics of crime. To date, no substantial literature addresses the relationship between the two. At first blush, that relationship seems straightforward: politicians ignore the interests of criminal suspects and defendants, so the Supreme Court steps in to protect those interests. On this view, politics is to constitutional law as a disease is to the medicine that cures it. America's politics of crime is indeed diseased. But the metaphor may get causation backward. The constitutional proceduralism of the 1960s and after helped to create the harsh justice (1) of the 1970s and after. Overcriminalization, excessive punishment, racially skewed drug enforcement, overfunding of prisons and underfunding of everything else--these familiar political problems are as much the consequences of constitutional regulation as the reasons for it. The medicine is reinforcing the disease. Political incentives are the mechanism. Constitutional law creates a series of political taxes and subsidies, making some kinds of legislation and law enforcement more expensive and others cheaper. Since the 1960s, the Supreme Court has regulated policing and trial procedure aggressively, while leaving substantive criminal law and (until the past few years) (2) noncapital sentencing to the politicians. Consequently, legislators find it easy to expand criminal codes and raise sentences but harder to regulate policing and the trial process. These incentives apply to spending as well. Prison budgets receive a constitutional subsidy. Budgets for criminal adjudication and (especially) local police are subject to a constitutional tax. (3) To see how perverse those taxes and subsidies are, it helps to visualize the criminal justice system as a giant funnel. Entering the broad end of the funnel are the tens of millions of men and women whom the police search or seize each year, most of them guilty of nothing worse than a traffic offense. (4) Slide down the funnel, and that broad pool of suspects narrows considerably, producing a smaller pool of criminal defendants: about two million per year charged with felonies, and several million more charged with misdemeanors. \u2026" }, { "paper": "3121442713", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2006", "title": "grutter at work a title vii critique of constitutional affirmative action", "label": [ "2777732099", "2779670255", "18650270", "554936623", "2776007630", "2776211767", "2994519032" ], "author": [ "2629608547" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Grutter at Work: A Title VII Critique of Constitutional Affirmative Action", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2082960301", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2006", "title": "immigration as a colonial inheritance post colonial immigrants in the netherlands 1945 2002", "label": [ "137355542", "531593650", "109986646", "2779771067", "70036468", "2777386904" ], "author": [ "2721347694", "2762447241" ], "reference": [ "65190942", "76640410", "403378662", "1498437273", "1529175147", "1560304924", "1588524414", "1776886447", "1902088677", "1990492339", "2064377450", "2089754316", "2097721093", "2149447911", "2324240579", "2343205840", "2515683972", "2530079119" ], "abstract": "as in france and britain immigration into the netherlands after world war ii is partly an inheritance of the country s colonial past in this paper we consider four post colonial migration flows to the netherlands two from the east indies the eurasian population known as indische nederlanders and the moluccans and two from the west indies the surinamese and the antilleans we examine the factors that have been crucial for the integration or non integration of these immigrants into dutch society although all these immigrants may be labelled post colonial immigrants the term is misleading to the extent that it suggests homogeneity a wide variety exists as to the volume of the migration flow the composition of the immigrant population social class ethnic origin and cultural background the timing of the migration and the perceptions and expectations of the immigrants the context of reception also varies considerably due to the economic situation at the time of arrival government policies vis", "title_raw": "Immigration as a Colonial Inheritance: Post-Colonial Immigrants in the Netherlands, 1945\u20132002", "abstract_raw": "As in France and Britain, immigration into the Netherlands after World War II is partly an inheritance of the country's colonial past. In this paper we consider four post-colonial migration flows to the Netherlands, two from the East Indies\u2014the Eurasian population known as \u2018Indische Nederlanders\u2019 and the Moluccans\u2014and two from the West Indies\u2014the Surinamese and the Antilleans. We examine the factors that have been crucial for the integration (or non-integration) of these immigrants into Dutch society. Although all these immigrants may be labelled \u2018post-colonial immigrants\u2019, the term is misleading to the extent that it suggests homogeneity. A wide variety exists as to the volume of the migration flow; the composition of the immigrant population\u2014social class, ethnic origin and cultural background; the timing of the migration and the perceptions and expectations of the immigrants. The context of reception also varies considerably, due to the economic situation at the time of arrival, government policies vis-..." }, { "paper": "2093525096", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2006", "title": "globalization and labour market reform patterns of response in northeast asia", "label": [ "94625758", "58823610", "80984254", "2119116", "514928085" ], "author": [ "2132894441" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the varieties of capitalism literature identifies the labour market and labour relations system as an institutional feature by which liberal market economies lmes and co ordinated market economies cmes of advanced countries may be distinguished this literature argues for the resilience of cme institutional features to the allegedly convergence inducing or homogenizing effects of globalization resilience to convergence has also revealed different patterns of institutional adaptation to globalizing pressures among cmes this article examines the adaptation of labour institutions to globalization using the northeast asian newly industrialized countries of south korea hereafter korea and taiwan as case studies examples are given of how korea and taiwan have pursued labour market liberalization but within institutional conditions policies and politics distinct from those associated with transitions to the lme the origins of this distinctive pattern of response are explained pointing out the need for explanations based on globalization to be supplemented by ones that emphasize economic legacies and political logics", "title_raw": "Globalization and Labour Market Reform: Patterns of Response in Northeast Asia", "abstract_raw": "The \u2018varieties of capitalism\u2019 literature identifies the labour market and labour relations system as an institutional feature by which liberal market economies (LMEs) and co-ordinated market economies (CMEs) of advanced countries may be distinguished. This literature argues for the resilience of CME institutional features to the allegedly convergence-inducing or homogenizing effects of globalization. Resilience to convergence has also revealed different patterns of institutional adaptation to globalizing pressures among CMEs. This article examines the adaptation of labour institutions to globalization using the Northeast Asian Newly Industrialized Countries of South Korea (hereafter Korea) and Taiwan as case studies. Examples are given of how Korea and Taiwan have pursued labour market liberalization, but within institutional conditions (policies and politics) distinct from those associated with transitions to the LME. The origins of this distinctive pattern of response are explained, pointing out the need for explanations based on globalization to be supplemented by ones that emphasize economic legacies and political logics." }, { "paper": "2022590791", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2006", "title": "the sense of a woman gender ambition and the decision to run for congress", "label": [ "2780849931", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2009880331", "2226485261", "2162532456", "2155115574" ], "reference": [ "1494508915", "1503283342", "1963623953", "1966743310", "1985093082", "1991727941", "2018156854", "2029959824", "2044496376", "2055535881", "2056398491", "2069815939", "2093273378", "2099304543", "2105009130", "2144433848", "2147336745", "2160942870", "2164294774", "2170575486", "2321561484", "2322956582", "2324344618", "2325113121", "2326922088", "2329174080" ], "abstract": "do men and women differ in their decisionmaking calculus for higher office to answer this question we use a survey of state legislators sls in 1998 to examine the conditions under which male and female sls seek a position in the u s house of representatives we consider three ways in which gender may influence ambition and the decision to run indirectly directly and interactively and we find evidence of all three effects female state legislators are less ambitious than males for a u s house seat a difference that largely stems from gender disparities in child care responsibilities however despite their lower ambition female sls are just as likely as their male counterparts to seek a congressional position this apparent puzzle is solved by the finding that the expected benefit of office mediates the relationship between ambition and the likelihood of running female sls are much more responsive to the expected benefit of office than are males offsetting their diminished ambition level the s", "title_raw": "The Sense of a Woman: Gender, Ambition, and the Decision to Run for Congress", "abstract_raw": "Do men and women differ in their decisionmaking calculus for higher office? To answer this question, we use a survey of state legislators (SLs) in 1998 to examine the conditions under which male and female SLs seek a position in the U.S. House of Representatives. We consider three ways in which gender may influence ambition and the decision to run\u2014indirectly, directly, and interactively\u2014and we find evidence of all three effects. Female state legislators are less ambitious than males for a U.S. House seat, a difference that largely stems from gender disparities in child-care responsibilities. However, despite their lower ambition, female SLs are just as likely as their male counterparts to seek a congressional position. This apparent puzzle is solved by the finding that the expected benefit of office mediates the relationship between ambition and the likelihood of running. Female SLs are much more responsive to the expected benefit of office than are males, offsetting their diminished ambition level. The s..." }, { "paper": "480558184", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2006", "title": "congressional communication content and consequences", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2695625881" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Congressional Communication: Content and Consequences", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2049999268", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2006", "title": "explaining the formation of minimal coalitions anti system parties and anti pact rules", "label": [ "200288055", "199539241", "98383816", "2781046721", "2779073994" ], "author": [ "329696003", "47702835", "1425188777" ], "reference": [ "39453265", "201416103", "637635396", "918828727", "988119182", "1509161467", "1522977723", "1666940391", "1736247282", "1925504877", "1971790379", "1978173677", "1998560495", "1998912793", "2024576935", "2032493405", "2040010571", "2040192979", "2062476235", "2066331626", "2072385746", "2073776016", "2085753961", "2086310811", "2095519866", "2095720674", "2104929783", "2116765065", "2124072747", "2127571272", "2136035352", "2144846366", "2146720224", "2167741137", "2316473956", "2999762063", "3122660296", "3124822381", "3129160558", "3132160628" ], "abstract": "recent theoretical arguments hold that the institutional setting of a political system influences coalition formation empirical analyses that confront these hypotheses have however been slow to emerge we provide a first test of the relation between coalition formation and one element within this institutional setting the existence of commitments not to join forces with certain pariah parties i e anti pact rules specifically we study the effect of the cordon sanitaire around the flemish extreme right wing party vlaams blok over the period from 1976 to 2000 the results show that the refusal to coalesce withvlaams blok significantly affects the probability that minimal winning minimal number and minimal size coalitions are formed", "title_raw": "Explaining the formation of minimal coalitions: Anti\u2010system parties and anti\u2010pact rules", "abstract_raw": "Recent theoretical arguments hold that the institutional setting of a political system influences coalition formation. Empirical analyses that confront these hypotheses have,however,been slow to emerge.We provide a first test of the relation between coalition formation and one element within this institutional setting: the existence of commitments not to join forces with certain 'pariah' parties (i.e., anti-pact rules). Specifically, we study the effect of the 'cordon sanitaire' around the Flemish extreme right-wing party Vlaams Blok over the period from 1976 to 2000.The results show that the refusal to coalesce withVlaams Blok significantly affects the probability that 'minimal winning', 'minimal number' and 'minimal size' coalitions are formed." }, { "paper": "143030318", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2006", "title": "going public as political strategy the bush administration new media and the u s a patriot act", "label": [ "103511597", "99574664", "2778886770", "199539241", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "1682256768", "2149236766", "2641954706", "2679095264", "2706242519" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Going Public as Political Strategy: The Bush administration, new media, and the U.S.A. Patriot Act", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1591259217", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "u s caps number of aids researchers at toronto meeting", "label": [ "2778173179", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the bush administration is again limiting attendance by federal researchers at the world9s largest aids meeting triggering an outcry among scientists read more", "title_raw": "U.S. Caps Number of AIDS Researchers at Toronto Meeting", "abstract_raw": "The Bush Administration is again limiting attendance by federal researchers at the world9s largest AIDS meeting, triggering an outcry among scientists. (Read more.)" }, { "paper": "2163718200", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2006", "title": "colleges and universities use of the world wide web a public relations tool for the digital age", "label": [ "39549134", "2777352838" ], "author": [ "2097131302", "2126088722" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "abstract this study explores college and university web sites to determine the extent institutions utilize the web to accomplish public relations goals a sample of the 129 best national universities in the united states compiled by the us news and world report was used for analysis results show that schools with a small medium level of student recruitment and alumni giving are more likely to actively utilize the web in this light schools behind in school excellence strive to use the web as an important public relations tool to overcome their inferiority to superior schools", "title_raw": "Colleges and universities\u2019 use of the World Wide Web: A public relations tool for the digital age\u2606", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This study explores college and university Web sites to determine the extent institutions utilize the Web to accomplish public relations goals. A sample of the 129 best national universities in the United States compiled by the US News and World Report was used for analysis. Results show that schools with a small-medium level of student recruitment and alumni giving are more likely to actively utilize the Web. In this light, schools behind in school excellence strive to use the Web as an important public relations tool to overcome their inferiority to superior schools." }, { "paper": "2134419925", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2006", "title": "converting threats into opportunities", "label": [ "199539241", "555826173", "2780608745", "2780966255" ], "author": [ "2031342530" ], "reference": [ "64671319", "91209090", "400701228", "565979189", "579577669", "595745118", "607481611", "616828559", "622208058", "628132665", "639217865", "641249797", "1484547183", "1496965050", "1529832068", "1535101457", "1550684686", "1561018600", "1580666702", "1589177462", "1590470075", "1592814231", "1607170611", "1713503745", "1838565166", "1855791052", "1965119335", "1972178529", "1978246972", "1982177064", "1986481454", "1989020845", "2023912427", "2029785989", "2031868933", "2032129499", "2037627831", "2043352815", "2060637692", "2060702958", "2061565725", "2062238102", "2064560849", "2070630348", "2071419362", "2074449447", "2074987381", "2082280388", "2083158692", "2094419105", "2109773820", "2112923657", "2113346360", "2114824760", "2115944855", "2121600174", "2123850572", "2123901856", "2129264276", "2133417759", "2136231915", "2137434721", "2152083295", "2153031274", "2155340768", "2156042278", "2162029315", "2162842809", "2175723801", "2227173032", "2313503442", "2315279282", "2315348284", "2324656367", "2330929612", "2460326810", "2493094170", "2584683193", "2753514269", "2946029227", "3121147769", "3122485484", "3123092594", "3127311715", "3133768423", "3139752849" ], "abstract": "ames madison contributed much to political science and to the art and science of governing democratic regimes a major contribution was his recognition of the multiple threats facing the newly established confederation see e g dougherty 2001 madison was willing to invest heavily in converting these threats into new opportunities in his preface to debates in the convention 1984 1840 19 madison reflected on the causes for alarm", "title_raw": "Converting Threats into Opportunities", "abstract_raw": "ames Madison contributed much to political science and to the art and science of governing democratic regimes. A major contribution was his recognition of the multiple threats facing the newly established Confederation (see, e.g., Dougherty 2001). Madison was willing to invest heavily in converting these threats into new opportunities. In his \"Preface to Debates in the Convention\" ([1984] 1840, 19), Madison reflected on the causes for alarm:" }, { "paper": "3121827647", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2006", "title": "antitrust and the supremacy clause", "label": [ "2777713345", "2776154427", "2778272461", "2776398702", "2780598601", "71043370", "17319257" ], "author": [ "2511508299" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Antitrust and the Supremacy Clause", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2034799804", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2006", "title": "to contact or not investigating journalists assessments of public relations subsidies and contact preferences", "label": [ "84265765", "39549134" ], "author": [ "189751", "2584312212" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "To contact \u2026 or not?: Investigating journalists\u2019 assessments of public relations subsidies and contact preferences", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1494709174", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "isolate or engage indigenous islanders pose challenge for india", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "39168690" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "simron singh profilenew delhi the indian government is grappling with how best to protect the indigenous tribes of the andaman and nicobar islands see main text 1 whether to sharply limit their contact with outsiders or slowly integrate them into modern society read more 2 1 http www sciencemag org cgi content short 313 5783 32 2 http www sciencemag org cgi content full 313 5783 34", "title_raw": "Isolate or Engage? Indigenous Islanders Pose Challenge for India", "abstract_raw": "SIMRON SINGH PROFILENEW DELHI-- The Indian government is grappling with how best to protect the indigenous tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar islands ([see main text][1]): whether to sharply limit their contact with outsiders or slowly integrate them into modern society. ([Read more][2].)\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/313/5783/32\n [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/313/5783/34" }, { "paper": "2268447374", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2006", "title": "from marvelous momentum to health care for all success is possible with the right programs", "label": [ "5395021", "160735492", "46578552" ], "author": [ "2539751131", "2569330111" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the stakes are enormous it is well known in development circles that huge amounts of aid have often brought few improvements to the lives of the worlds poorest a first principle for the emerging global health movement in fact might well be do not emulate the mainstream aid industry that said aid is not bad in itself and if managed appropriately it can achieve impressive results the end of the funding drought has been a tremendous boon especially for the destitute and sick and those who provide care to them it is worth comparing the situation in 2002 the year the global fund to fight aids tuberculosis and malaria made its first pledges with that of today garrett is correct to remind us that hiv aids is far from the only problem faced by the destitute sick in rural africa but it is the leading infectious cause of adult death there at the beginning of the millennium there was no real political will and no money to treat the poorest africans with hiv aids in spite of declarations to the contrary in 2007 on the other hand there is some money for hiv aids prevention and care although it rarely makes it to rural africa in 2002 there were almost no antiretroviral arv medications in rural africa nor were there personnel to deliver them in 2007 most african nations are working to make hiv aids diagnosis and care a public good for public health that is a service paid for by the state or rich donors rather than by individual aids sufferers and their families although arvs are as yet reaching very few rural africans the past five years have seen significant investments at the district if not the village level to make hiv aids therapy available for those who are able to walk or find other transportation to district hospitals excerpt", "title_raw": "From \"marvelous momentum\" to health care for all: success is possible with the right programs.", "abstract_raw": "The stakes are enormous. It is well known in development circles that huge amounts of aid have often brought few improvements to the lives of the worlds poorest. A first principle for the emerging global health movement in fact might well be \"Do not emulate the mainstream aid industry.\" That said aid is not bad in itself and if managed appropriately it can achieve impressive results. The end of the funding drought has been a tremendous boon especially for the destitute and sick (and those who provide care to them). It is worth comparing the situation in 2002 the year the Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria made its first pledges with that of today. Garrett is correct to remind us that HIV/AIDS is far from the only problem faced by the destitute sick in rural Africa but it is the leading infectious cause of adult death there. At the beginning of the millennium there was no real political will and no money to treat the poorest Africans with HIV/AIDS in spite of declarations to the contrary. In 2007 on the other hand there is some money for HIV/AIDS prevention and care although it rarely makes it to rural Africa. In 2002 there were almost no antiretroviral (ARV) medications in rural Africa nor were there personnel to deliver them. In 2007 most African nations are working to make HIV/AIDS diagnosis and care a public good for public health -- that is a service paid for by the state or rich donors rather than by individual AIDS sufferers and their families. Although ARVs are as yet reaching very few rural Africans the past five years have seen significant investments at the district if not the village level to make HIV/AIDS therapy available for those who are able to walk or find other transportation to district hospitals. (excerpt)" }, { "paper": "2018995028", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2006", "title": "the orange revolution 2004 presidential election s in ukraine", "label": [ "199539241", "2776129789", "59742305" ], "author": [ "120125682" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Orange Revolution: 2004 presidential election(s) in Ukraine", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3023598946", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2006", "title": "the political economy of india s fiscal federal system and its reform", "label": [ "2776034101", "533735693", "94625758", "86511162" ], "author": [ "2112199775", "2097911944" ], "reference": [ "575103698", "1485663741", "1502023487", "1520728324", "1554181461", "1570315903", "1584047095", "2044658053", "2059457918", "2067603012", "2095714582", "2158289985", "2189438425", "2265027379", "2316473956", "2318723405", "2320223037", "2332912331", "2394858799", "3123428169", "3140517863" ], "abstract": "this article examines recent and potential reforms in india s fiscal federal system we summarize key federal institutions in india including tax and expenditure assignments and mechanisms for center state transfers we discuss the institutional process by which reforms can and do take place including the role of academics political influences and especially institutions such as the finance commission in contrast to the past recent commissions have played a greater role in articulating an agenda for fiscal federal reform which then proceeds through political bargaining this change has taken place in the context of and been influenced by broader economic reform in india", "title_raw": "The political economy of India's fiscal federal system and its reform", "abstract_raw": "This article examines recent and potential reforms in India\u2019s fiscal federal system. We summarize key federal institutions in India, including tax and expenditure assignments, and mechanisms for Center-state transfers. We discuss the institutional process by which reforms can and do take place, including the role of academics, political influences, and especially institutions such as the Finance Commission. In contrast to the past, recent commissions have played a greater role in articulating an agenda for fiscal federal reform, which then proceeds through political bargaining. This change has taken place in the context of, and been influenced by, broader economic reform in India." }, { "paper": "3126044527", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2006", "title": "the pri s choice balancing democratic reform and its own salvation", "label": [ "2780668109", "197487636", "555826173", "17058734" ], "author": [ "3123314310", "2029130968", "2245925596" ], "reference": [ "332330092", "1841166463", "1981262550", "2019942468", "2028273877", "2032786121", "3126046221" ], "abstract": "this article explores the puzzle of why mexico s long ruling institutional revolutionary party pri implemented a series of electoral reforms in 1996 that precipitated its own downfall previous work explaining the process of mexican democratization focuses on foreign pressures interparty bargaining and a unified pri alternatively we argue that internal divisions in the pri conjoined with the threat of a presidential deal with the opposition determined the particular shape of the reform the article uses a bargaining model to illustrate the conjunction of interests between the president and pri hard liners while taking into account the shadow role played by the opposition we argue finally that the model can be extended to aid explanations of other democratic transitions as well as general cases of majority party decision making and coalition bargaining", "title_raw": "The PRI\u2019s Choice Balancing Democratic Reform and its Own Salvation", "abstract_raw": "This article explores the puzzle of why Mexico\u2019s long-ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) implemented a series of electoral reforms in 1996 that precipitated its own downfall. Previous work explaining the process of Mexican democratization focuses on foreign pressures, interparty bargaining and a unified PRI. Alternatively, we argue that internal divisions in the PRI\u2013conjoined with the threat of a presidential deal with the opposition\u2013determined the particular shape of the reform. The article uses a bargaining model to illustrate the conjunction of interests between the President and PRI hard-liners while taking into account the shadow role played by the opposition. We argue, finally, that the model can be extended to aid explanations of other democratic transitions, as well as general cases of majority-party decision-making and coalition bargaining." }, { "paper": "2374694382", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2006", "title": "analysis on the construction system of key disciplines of policy guidance", "label": [ "120912362" ], "author": [ "2479426696" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the construction of key disciplines is a reflection of the system of china s establishment of key programs in higher education field it also reflects national expectation to establish a set of high level key disciplines on the national interest it is an inevitable choice and result of the discipline competition among higher education institutions with the adjustment of higher education institutions in 1952 and the evaluation of key disciplines since 1986 china s construction system of key disciplines experienced a development and during this process the construction system becomes more and more matured it is argued that the path dependence of the system changes and the mimetic mechanism of organizational similarity are the fundamental reasons why the construction system of key disciplines has become china s construction system of disciplines", "title_raw": "Analysis on the construction system of key disciplines of policy guidance", "abstract_raw": "The construction of key disciplines is a reflection of the system of China's establishment of key programs in higher education field.It also reflects national expectation to establish a set of high-level key disciplines on the national interest.It is an inevitable choice and result of the discipline competition among higher education institutions.With the adjustment of higher education institutions in 1952,and the evaluation of key disciplines since 1986,China's construction system of key disciplines experienced a development,and during this process the construction system becomes more and more matured.It is argued that the path dependence of the system changes and the mimetic mechanism of organizational similarity are the fundamental reasons why the construction system of key disciplines has become China's construction system of disciplines." }, { "paper": "2387377418", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2006", "title": "overall planning of development of city and town building well off society the successful research of overall planning of economic political and cultural development and rapid increase of farmers income in xindu district of chengdu", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2652947292" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "under the directing of overall planning of development of city and town made by the 5th central plenary meeting this paper applies the rule that the society integrates a whole body of economy politics and culture to sum up the good actions and experiences in overall planning of development of city and town substaintial respect and guarantee farmers rights and development of economy politics and culture in recent years as well as the practice of innovation in policies and systems in xindu district of chengdu in the recent 27 years", "title_raw": "Overall planning of development of city and town, building well-off society\u2014\u2014The successful research of overall planning of economic,political and cultural development and rapid increase of farmers' income in Xindu district of Chengdu", "abstract_raw": "Under the directing of \u201coverall planning of development of city and town\" made by the 5th Central Plenary Meeting, this paper applies the rule that the society integrates a whole body of economy, politics and culture to sum up the good actions and experiences in overall planning of development of city and town, substaintial respect and guarantee farmers' rights and development of economy, politics and culture in recent years, as well as the practice of innovation in policies and systems in Xindu District of Chengdu in the recent 27 years." }, { "paper": "2138867435", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2006", "title": "the age of commodity water privatization in southern africa", "label": [ "509133132", "2780110086", "2776398702", "531593650" ], "author": [ "2791321941" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the age of commodity water privatization in southern africa david a mcdonald and greg ruiters eds london and sterling va earthscan press 2005 pp xv 303 this collection of essays is a cutting edge study of neoliberal public service reform in southern africa while most studies of water privatization such as karen bakker s an uncooperative commodity privatizing water in england and wales oxford oxford university press 2004 and vandana shiva s water wars cambridge south end press 2002 have concentrated on the transfer of ownership and control from the state to private corporations privatization is more broadly defined to include the transfer of ownership and or decision making responsibility to ngos and community organizations the editors rightly emphasize moreover that privatization is not the only disturbing trend in public service reform corporatization the creation of publicly owned and operated companies that run like private businesses threatens to entrench the discriminatory aspects of infrastructure distribution that characterized colonialism and apartheid in the region in the previous era", "title_raw": "The Age of Commodity: Water Privatization in Southern Africa", "abstract_raw": "The Age of Commodity: Water Privatization in Southern Africa , David A. McDonald and Greg Ruiters, eds., London and Sterling, VA: Earthscan Press, 2005, pp. xv, 303. This collection of essays is a cutting-edge study of neoliberal public service reform in Southern Africa. While most studies of water privatization, such as Karen Bakker's An Uncooperative Commodity: Privatizing Water in England and Wales (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004) and Vandana Shiva's Water Wars (Cambridge: South End Press, 2002), have concentrated on the transfer of ownership and control from the state to private corporations, privatization is more broadly defined to include the transfer of ownership and/or decision-making responsibility to NGOs and community organizations. The editors rightly emphasize, moreover, that privatization is not the only disturbing trend in public service reform. Corporatization\u2014the creation of publicly owned and operated companies that run like private businesses\u2014threatens to entrench the discriminatory aspects of infrastructure distribution that characterized colonialism and apartheid in the region in the previous era." }, { "paper": "2089169753", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2006", "title": "local news coverage in a social capital capital election 2000 on minnesota s local news stations", "label": [ "2777582232", "197487636", "529147693", "68062652", "16189245" ], "author": [ "2985954487", "2486292020", "2161987313", "2516816622" ], "reference": [ "24946926", "589580990", "624633739", "633066837", "1485015704", "1491209037", "1503042507", "1506990518", "1515424492", "1521562718", "1531935955", "1540933854", "1979001148", "1980870489", "1983194406", "1983221152", "1984901792", "1993707151", "1996736521", "2001938430", "2007696447", "2023907083", "2033934948", "2036794832", "2042039407", "2047066859", "2051739386", "2055344731", "2055531851", "2071223318", "2080210702", "2083319565", "2087326786", "2105684571", "2126060141", "2133943399", "2135827171", "2141598607", "2147264455", "2147837205", "2150957645", "2157979842", "2179098100", "2312640129", "2314314986", "2315108604", "2332281206", "2332923874", "2480730096", "2753221422", "2799219082", "2901904141" ], "abstract": "this article examines local news coverage of an election in one of the nation s social capital capitals minnesota in minnesota according to theorized connections between civic involvement and news media use we might expect the orientation of local news to be local and the quality of coverage of local campaigns to be high content analysis of all evening newscasts on all four non cable channels in the minneapolis market the 13th largest television market in the united states for the 12 weeks leading to the day of the election yielded striking evidence on the amount and nature of local television news coverage the predominant news emphasis was on the presidential race with considerably less attention to the close u s senate contest and very little or nothing on any other race local television news was mostly not local as with previous studies this analysis showed prime emphasis on strategy and game while the far fewer issue stories tended to be thin these local television news shows also", "title_raw": "Local News Coverage in a Social Capital Capital: Election 2000 on Minnesota's Local News Stations", "abstract_raw": "This article examines local news coverage of an election in one of the nation's \u201csocial capital capitals,\u201d Minnesota. In Minnesota, according to theorized connections between civic involvement and news media use, we might expect the orientation of local news to be local and the quality of coverage of local campaigns to be high. Content analysis of all evening newscasts on all four non-cable channels in the Minneapolis market (the 13th largest television market in the United States) for the 12 weeks leading to the day of the election yielded striking evidence on the amount and nature of local television news coverage. The predominant news emphasis was on the presidential race, with considerably less attention to the close U.S. Senate contest, and very little or nothing on any other race; local television news was mostly not local. As with previous studies, this analysis showed prime emphasis on strategy and game, while the far fewer \u201cissue\u201d stories tended to be thin. These local television news shows also ..." }, { "paper": "2056344345", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2006", "title": "a spatial analysis of turkish party preferences", "label": [ "158071213", "520049643", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2403308798", "146885063" ], "reference": [ "168952", "25583625", "40764942", "88678090", "180133539", "198772698", "334315506", "584032959", "651221832", "657132310", "1482828348", "1491718103", "1540607660", "1580899010", "1789671968", "1975557488", "1977825494", "1980594487", "1983661149", "2008250781", "2033181440", "2037689762", "2039907937", "2052104221", "2066777211", "2073593837", "2115730599", "2238191081", "2313664380", "2319588214", "2321230279", "2492825898", "2495084345", "3144610372" ], "abstract": "the paper focuses on party preferences of turkish voters within the spatial model of voting that proved to be a successful explanatory framework in various other countries the analysis is based on spatial theory of electoral competition and its statistical implementation using survey data the paper aims at depicting the cognitive organization of voters attitudes about issues and evaluations of political parties that compete for their vote the spatial map derived from a survey of urban settlers show that the dominant ideological dimension sets secularists vs pro islamists as expected from the center periphery framework often used in turkish electoral analyses the second dimension reflects the impact of recent conflict involving the kurdish minority on rising nationalist sentiments given a general depiction of the turkish political space we examine the impact of various demographic characteristics as well as issue evaluations on individuals ideal positions in the space", "title_raw": "A spatial analysis of Turkish party preferences", "abstract_raw": "The paper focuses on party preferences of Turkish voters within the spatial model of voting that proved to be a successful explanatory framework in various other countries. The analysis is based on spatial theory of electoral competition and its statistical implementation using survey data. The paper aims at depicting the cognitive organization of voters' attitudes about issues and evaluations of political parties that compete for their vote. The spatial map derived from a survey of urban settlers show that the dominant ideological dimension sets secularists vs. pro-Islamists as expected from the center-periphery framework often used in Turkish electoral analyses. The second dimension reflects the impact of recent conflict involving the Kurdish minority on rising nationalist sentiments. Given a general depiction of the Turkish political space, we examine the impact of various demographic characteristics as well as issue evaluations on individuals' ideal positions in the space." }, { "paper": "3121544356", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2006", "title": "comparative domestic constitutionalism rethinking criminal procedure using the administrative constitution", "label": [ "2776154427", "2778272461", "199539241", "86532276", "83009810", "504945742", "2777632292", "70999106" ], "author": [ "2114912150" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Comparative Domestic Constitutionalism: Rethinking Criminal Procedure Using the Administrative Constitution", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2148174372", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2006", "title": "darfur a short history of a long war and darfur the ambiguous genocide", "label": [ "204342414", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2117034913" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Darfur: A Short History of a Long War and Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2045693373", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "conferences to get less perky", "label": [ "2778304055", "84265765", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2517183631" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "beijing members of the chinese academy of sciences and the chinese academy of engineering enjoy privileges including easy grant money housing subsidies and personal drivers but organizers of the xiangshan science conferences have decided to bar academy members from using their titles when registering for conferences or in proceedings publications held every 2 weeks throughout the year on topics as diverse as neurobiology and robotics the meetings influence the government s research priorities the new rules send a message that every conferee is equal says xiangshan staffer liu yuchen the change emphasizes that equality among scientists determines the development of science says zhu pengcheng a molecular biologist at harvard medical school in boston who attended a recent xiangshan meeting in beijing", "title_raw": "Conferences to Get Less Perky", "abstract_raw": "BEIJING\u2014 Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering enjoy privileges including easy grant money, housing subsidies, and personal drivers. But organizers of the Xiangshan Science Conferences have decided to bar academy members from using their titles when registering for conferences or in proceedings publications. Held every 2 weeks throughout the year on topics as diverse as neurobiology and robotics, the meetings influence the government's research priorities. The new rules send a message that \u201cevery conferee is equal,\u201d says Xiangshan staffer Liu Yuchen.\n\nThe change \u201cemphasizes that equality among scientists \u2026 determines the development of science,\u201d says Zhu Pengcheng, a molecular biologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston who attended a recent Xiangshan meeting in Beijing." }, { "paper": "2123252635", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2006", "title": "dimensions of politics in the european parliament", "label": [ "2776331573", "83009810", "555826173", "94625758", "2781440851", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2103658547", "1991542276", "2246521217" ], "reference": [ "620916766", "628052711", "637182638", "643080625", "1539633078", "1607858544", "1973035330", "1976865023", "1985949226", "1989581891", "1993132818", "1993452298", "1999916753", "2007865189", "2009659525", "2045318453", "2046960497", "2049088909", "2060433779", "2078812239", "2087321963", "2094042936", "2100913312", "2101586208", "2103527170", "2103724807", "2115239379", "2115730599", "2119082646", "2124357337", "2125563281", "2130600069", "2143316505", "2143755459", "2145186724", "2146458121", "2165365036", "2187835150", "2256988196", "2261326549", "2314156745", "2316477432", "2735135026", "3021296519", "3124336189" ], "abstract": "in less than 20 years the european parliament has evolved from a consultative body into the most powerful interstate assembly in history the european parliament now has equal legislative power with the governments in many key areas can amend many lines in the european union eu budget can veto the governments nominee for commission president and can sack the commission nevertheless outside a small group of experts the only directly elected european body remains relatively unknown politics in the eu is different from traditional politics in democratic countries for several reasons first the eu is still more a supranational institution than a federal state second there is considerable heterogeneity between the cultures histories economic conditions and national institutions of member states therefore politics in the eu is likely to be more complex and multidimensional than national politics understanding the dimensionality of politics in the european parliament should thus be an important step forward in understanding both the politics of the eu as well as how politics in other interstate assemblies may develop 1", "title_raw": "Dimensions of Politics in the European Parliament", "abstract_raw": "In less than 20 years the European Parliament has evolved from a consultative body into the most powerful interstate assembly in history. The European Parliament now has equal legislative power with the governments in many key areas, can amend many lines in the European Union (EU) budget, can veto the governments\u2019 nominee for Commission President, and can sack the Commission. Nevertheless, outside a small group of experts, the only directly elected European body remains relatively unknown. Politics in the EU is different from traditional politics in democratic countries for several reasons. First, the EU is still more a supranational institution than a federal state. Second, there is considerable heterogeneity between the cultures, histories, economic conditions, and national institutions of member states. Therefore, politics in the EU is likely to be more complex and multidimensional than national politics. Understanding the dimensionality of politics in the European Parliament should thus be an important step forward in understanding both the politics of the EU as well as how politics in other interstate assemblies may develop. 1" }, { "paper": "2059814893", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "finding good in the bad and vice versa", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2120893418" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "donald kennedy s editorial good news and bad 13 jan p 145 1 on the intelligent design dover pennsylvania court decision and the south korean stem cell scandal overlooks some of the bad news in the good and the good news in the bad the fraud perpetrated by at least some members of", "title_raw": "Finding good in the bad and vice versa.", "abstract_raw": "Donald Kennedy's Editorial \u201cGood news\u2014and bad\u201d (13 Jan., p. [145][1]) on the intelligent design Dover, Pennsylvania, court decision and the South Korean stem cell scandal overlooks some of the bad news in the good and the good news in the bad. The fraud perpetrated by at least some members of" }, { "paper": "2064648258", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2006", "title": "balance of power politics and the rise of china accommodation and balancing in east asia", "label": [ "191935318", "2779655753", "2776398702", "76775654", "2778676447", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2189536196" ], "reference": [ "228768393", "589719884", "1515368469", "1539477704", "2001441241", "2008936206", "2028353814", "2054717228", "2064279229", "2064665155", "2087933684", "2088752578", "2114632797", "2119576756", "2122326656", "2133959655", "2134771325", "2135311804", "2141367839", "2166735555", "2401911684", "2411284698", "3022043276", "3125621318" ], "abstract": "realists agree that great powers balance the military power of rising powers but there is little agreement regarding secondary state responses to rising powers first there are differences regarding whether secondary states balance or accommodate rising powers second there are differences among realists regarding the distinct roles of economic and military factors in secondary state alignment policies third some scholars argue that state alignments are not necessarily determined by realist variables but can reflect preferences shaped by intentions historical experiences or cultural influences this paper addresses these issues in balance of power theory its empirical focus is the impact of the rise of china on secondary state alignments in east asia after examining the complex mix of china s military and economic reach in east asia it concludes that secondary state behavior is sensitive to local variation in the great power capabilities and that secondary states tend to accommodate rather than", "title_raw": "Balance of Power Politics and the Rise of China: Accommodation and Balancing in East Asia", "abstract_raw": "Realists agree that great powers balance the military power of rising powers, but there is little agreement regarding secondary-state responses to rising powers. First, there are differences regarding whether secondary states balance or accommodate rising powers. Second, there are differences among realists regarding the distinct roles of economic and military factors in secondary-state alignment policies. Third, some scholars argue that state alignments are not necessarily determined by realist variables, but can reflect preferences shaped by intentions, historical experiences, or cultural influences. This paper addresses these issues in balance-of-power theory. Its empirical focus is the impact of the rise of China on secondary-state alignments in East Asia. After examining the complex mix of China's military and economic reach in East Asia, it concludes that secondary-state behavior is sensitive to local variation in the great power capabilities and that secondary states tend to accommodate rather than..." }, { "paper": "2376871975", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2006", "title": "the study on decision making of new socialism countryside planning with public participation a case study of xiacun village in shilou town fangshan district beijing", "label": [ "2777976496", "129047720", "2778304055" ], "author": [ "2499767152" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the village renovate planning is one of the most important parts in the new socialism village construction how to make and execute village planning reasonably and smoothly puzzles the planners this article studies on new method of village planning with public participation that is public participation has become the way of decision making not only execution tool because the role of public participation has changed the practical problems may be solved effectively and the planning be carried on smoothly", "title_raw": "The study on decision-making of new socialism countryside planning with public participation\u2014\u2014A case study of Xiacun village in Shilou town, Fangshan district, Beijing", "abstract_raw": "The village renovate planning is one of the most important parts in the new socialism village construction. How to make and execute village planning reasonably and smoothly puzzles the planners. This article studies on new method of village planning with public participation, that is, public participation has become the way of decision-making, not only execution tool. Because the role of public participation has changed, the practical problems may be solved effectively and the planning be carried on smoothly." }, { "paper": "2054551818", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2006", "title": "book review ian clark legitimacy in international society oxford oxford university press 2005 278 pp 30 hbk", "label": [ "46295352" ], "author": [ "2693374186" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Ian Clark, Legitimacy in International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, 278 pp., \u00a330 hbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2128960452", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "biopharming rules broken", "label": [ "97460637", "199539241", "2779913896", "2776050585" ], "author": [ "1736644647" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the first u s biopharming field trials to undergo legal scrutiny weren t kosher says a u s hawaiian district judge who ruled last week in a case involving research done several years ago in hawaii the department of agriculture usda broke national environmental laws when it allowed four companies to grow hiv vaccines and other pharmaceuticals in genetically modified gm crops on four hawaiian islands explained judge j michael seabright in a 10 august ruling environmental groups argued successfully that usda should have considered the potential impact on endangered species and other questions the agency seabright said showed an utter disregard for this simple investigation requirement next week seabright will hear arguments for a moratorium on field trials while the usda reviews its biopharming permit program in the meantime paul achitoff a plaintiff representing the advocacy group earth justice in oakland california says the ruling puts usda on notice that ignoring the environmental impacts of biopharm gm crops makes it a sitting duck for future lawsuits", "title_raw": "Biopharming Rules Broken", "abstract_raw": "The first U.S. biopharming field trials to undergo legal scrutiny weren't kosher, says a U.S. Hawaiian district judge who ruled last week in a case involving research done several years ago in Hawaii.\n\nThe Department of Agriculture (USDA) broke national environmental laws when it allowed four companies to grow HIV vaccines and other pharmaceuticals in genetically modified (GM) crops on four Hawaiian islands, explained Judge J. Michael Seabright in a 10 August ruling. Environmental groups argued successfully that USDA should have considered the potential impact on endangered species and other questions. The agency, Seabright said, showed an \u201cutter disregard for this simple investigation requirement.\u201d\n\nNext week, Seabright will hear arguments for a moratorium on field trials while the USDA reviews its biopharming permit program. In the meantime, Paul Achitoff, a plaintiff representing the advocacy group Earth-justice in Oakland, California, says the ruling puts USDA on notice that ignoring the environmental impacts of biopharm GM crops makes it \u201ca sitting duck for future lawsuits.\u201d" }, { "paper": "2067973670", "venue": "157620343", "year": "2006", "title": "theory and methods for comparative opinion social policy research", "label": [ "19159745", "535567245", "123587114", "175576395" ], "author": [ "2711725251", "2674517564" ], "reference": [ "604035384", "1974305747", "1975060632", "1986713131", "1988323515", "2055002820", "2068319195", "2109944664", "2124600012", "2129266820", "2129345644", "2146031733", "2149257645", "2152422924", "2164901722", "2167251434", "2322273505" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Theory and Methods for Comparative Opinion/Social Policy Research", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2009140492", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2006", "title": "the relevance of political science to the world bank", "label": [ "2780526558", "2779583194", "2776805697", "36201420", "136810230", "3116431", "31168002" ], "author": [ "2629095145" ], "reference": [ "1518746331", "2033479243", "3122140058" ], "abstract": "by the mid 1990s scholars practitio ners and policy makers alike had begun to recognize the critical importance of good governance for growth and poverty reduction yet corruption its mirror im age remained taboo at the world bank up until the historic cancer of corruption speech in 1996 of then bank president james wolfensohn that formally brought governance and anticorruption into the forefront of the bank s agenda see figure 1 in 1997 the world development report the state in a changing world broke new ground within the bank taking stock of the erstwhile work on governance and addressing what the institution could do to enhance its ability to help client countries improve governance and reduce corruption since then the bank has promoted many programs within the broad theme of governance covering key areas includ ing in particular administrative and civil service reform decentralization public financial management tax policy anticor ruption and legal and judicial reform figure 1 these programs have been mainstreamed into country assistance strategies cas and lending operations to help address governance and corruption concerns in parallel the bank has sup ported and encouraged empirical research on governance and corruption developing extensive data bases and diagnostic tools in combination with scholarly research grounded largely on the new institutional economics this has led to the general acceptance by both the academic and development community of the significant impact that the quality of governance institutions has on the welfare of citizens and thus the urgent need to address poor governance figure 1 the governance agenda birth growth", "title_raw": "The Relevance of Political Science to the World Bank", "abstract_raw": "By the mid 1990s, scholars, practitio ners, and policy makers alike had begun to recognize the critical importance of good governance for growth and poverty reduction. Yet corruption, its mirror im age, remained \"taboo\" at the World Bank up until the historic \"cancer of corruption\" speech in 1996 of then-Bank President James Wolfensohn that formally brought governance and anticorruption into the forefront of the Bank's agenda (see Figure 1). In 1997, the World Development Report: The State in a Changing World broke new ground within the Bank, taking stock of the erstwhile work on governance and addressing what the institution could do to enhance its ability to help client countries improve governance and reduce corruption. Since then, the Bank has promoted many programs within the broad theme of governance, covering key areas includ ing in particular administrative and civil service reform, decentralization, public financial management, tax policy, anticor ruption, and legal and judicial reform (Figure 1). These programs have been mainstreamed into Country Assistance Strategies (CAS) and lending operations to help address governance and corruption concerns. In parallel, the Bank has sup ported and encouraged empirical research on governance and corruption, developing extensive data bases and diagnostic tools. In combination with scholarly research grounded largely on the new institutional economics, this has led to the general acceptance by both the academic and development community of the significant impact that the quality of governance institutions has on the welfare of citizens and thus the urgent need to address poor governance. Figure 1 The Governance Agenda: Birth. Growth" }, { "paper": "1974407093", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2006", "title": "enduring effects of the uniform previous military experience and voting turnout", "label": [ "137355542", "2779838221", "520049643", "94625758", "555826173", "2776948989" ], "author": [ "1988567404" ], "reference": [ "7113989", "1492306509", "1531935955", "1538991559", "1590007356", "2006712131", "2018488763", "2035534527", "2044961916", "2056636532", "2056637446", "2066849305", "2070467705", "2089672656", "2124712128", "2129960861", "2142067518", "2148839366", "2169469303", "2319073104", "2322146596", "2801662473", "3125554979", "3139752849" ], "abstract": "military service has the capacity to inculcate members with politically relevant traits that influence political participation later in life results from three decades of pooled national cross sectional data among males indicate that previous experience with the military the most controlling and least democratic facet of american democracy has a largely positive effect on turnout propensity for wwii korean war and post conscription era veterans previous military service positively influences turnout when compared to contemporaries without military service while vietnam era veterans exhibited lower turnout rates than non veteran peers evidence suggests that socialization effects rival self selection bias in explaining increased veteran turnout", "title_raw": "Enduring Effects of the Uniform: Previous Military Experience and Voting Turnout", "abstract_raw": "Military service has the capacity to inculcate members with politically relevant traits that influence political participation later in life. Results from three decades of pooled national cross-sectional data among males indicate that previous experience with the military, the most controlling and least democratic facet of American democracy, has a largely positive effect on turnout propensity. For WWII, Korean War, and post-conscription era veterans, previous military service positively influences turnout when compared to contemporaries without military service, while Vietnam-era veterans exhibited lower turnout rates than non-veteran peers. Evidence suggests that socialization effects rival self-selection bias in explaining increased veteran turnout." }, { "paper": "2019834961", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2006", "title": "bottom up federalism the diffusion of antismoking policies from u s cities to states", "label": [ "3116431", "2776398702", "83009810", "533735693" ], "author": [ "2213878681", "2055413885" ], "reference": [ "609693342", "640170024", "1486960811", "1536681797", "1578331446", "1825841658", "1933618834", "1969820934", "1973534069", "1988232518", "1991452716", "1995696520", "2000684188", "2004446849", "2007334176", "2013775146", "2020760181", "2021637762", "2026069470", "2037426346", "2037927976", "2038593991", "2045234895", "2049621450", "2050895222", "2057711563", "2061503756", "2076664647", "2079651619", "2080917971", "2083620364", "2090022456", "2092648747", "2099756398", "2103578860", "2115117781", "2116056855", "2116230346", "2116239576", "2121493044", "2124784855", "2129501103", "2133631514", "2134217065", "2136052483", "2138909366", "2140338644", "2156846644", "2161964752", "2167242298", "2312268298", "2319551395", "2322110968", "2328083719", "2328122927", "2330017271", "2334377414", "2334675978" ], "abstract": "studies of policy diffusion often focus on the horizontal spread of enactments from one state to another paying little or no attention to the effects of local laws on state level adoptions for example scholars have not tested whether local policy adoptions make state action more likely through a snowball effect or less likely through a pressure valve effect this study conducts the first comprehensive analysis of vertical policy diffusion from city governments to state governments while simultaneously examining the influence of state to state and national to state diffusion focusing on three different types of antismoking laws we find evidence that policies do bubble up from city governments to state governments state politics are crucial to this relationship however as local to state diffusion is contingent on the level of legislative professionalism and the strength of health advocates in the state", "title_raw": "Bottom-Up Federalism: The Diffusion of Antismoking Policies from U.S. Cities to States", "abstract_raw": "Studies of policy diffusion often focus on the horizontal spread of enactments from one state to another, paying little or no attention to the effects of local laws on state-level adoptions. For example, scholars have not tested whether local policy adoptions make state action more likely (through a snowball effect) or less likely (through a pressure valve effect). This study conducts the first comprehensive analysis of vertical policy diffusion from city governments to state governments, while simultaneously examining the influence of state-to-state and national-to-state diffusion. Focusing on three different types of antismoking laws, we find evidence that policies do bubble up from city governments to state governments. State politics are crucial to this relationship, however, as local-to-state diffusion is contingent on the level of legislative professionalism and the strength of health advocates in the state." }, { "paper": "1966958715", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2006", "title": "an advocacy coalition framework approach to stakeholder analysis understanding the political context of california marine protected area policy", "label": [ "109986646", "39549134", "2776424047", "3116431", "195813598", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1505795713" ], "reference": [ "166439915", "622405497", "1446526269", "1494420392", "1500383076", "1503443630", "1542077694", "1647434862", "1889616254", "1939996202", "1963871207", "1966792169", "1974362173", "1976315084", "1980834982", "1985128611", "1985793242", "1990539681", "1994957089", "2016322304", "2018378619", "2019754316", "2027842223", "2046246008", "2046375937", "2053471255", "2054359618", "2058029206", "2062962096", "2070726643", "2081091912", "2094370133", "2097381264", "2100808782", "2101665998", "2108360848", "2110961648", "2115537133", "2121072735", "2136599662", "2149909651", "2163751880", "2171048831", "2175723801", "2314982555", "2322316156", "2323156663", "2323266367", "2482998811", "2801691937", "2989887771", "2995733329" ], "abstract": "there is a growing recognition that public policy controversies are driven more by value differences than by technical deficiencies unfortunately we have yet to develop test and refine systematic approaches for understanding political systems in this article i explain how the advocacy coalition framework acf can be used as a theoretical basis for understanding political context via a stakeholder analysis an acf stakeholder analysis widens the attention of policy analysts toward subsystem wide dynamics with multiple actors who are motivated by their beliefs structure their relationships into advocacy coalitions and try to influence policy through utilizing multiple resources and venues i illustrate an acf approach to stakeholder analysis in a scientifically contentious political conflict over the establishment of marine protected areas in california i conclude with a summary of contributions to the acf literature and the strengths and limitations of conducting an acf stakeholder analysis", "title_raw": "An Advocacy Coalition Framework Approach to Stakeholder Analysis: Understanding the Political Context of California Marine Protected Area Policy", "abstract_raw": "There is a growing recognition that public policy controversies are driven more by value differences than by technical deficiencies. Unfortunately, we have yet to develop, test, and refine systematic approaches for understanding political systems. In this article I explain how the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) can be used as a theoretical basis for understanding political context via a stakeholder analysis. An ACF stakeholder analysis widens the attention of policy analysts toward subsystem-wide dynamics with multiple actors who are motivated by their beliefs, structure their relationships into advocacy coalitions, and try to influence policy through utilizing multiple resources and venues. I illustrate an ACF approach to stakeholder analysis in a scientifically contentious political conflict over the establishment of marine protected areas in California. I conclude with a summary of contributions to the ACF literature and the strengths and limitations of conducting an ACF stakeholder analysis." }, { "paper": "2522104898", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2006", "title": "administrative reform in belgium maintenance or modernization", "label": [ "3116431", "53844881" ], "author": [ "2094750740", "2102334990" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Administrative Reform in Belgium : Maintenance or Modernization ?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2170488863", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2006", "title": "the implications of marketized security for ir theory the democratic peace late state building and the nature and frequency of conflict", "label": [ "2779842240", "34355311", "555826173", "528167355", "2119116", "2776208816", "2779175671", "196927870" ], "author": [ "2055290008" ], "reference": [ "34845191", "47692540", "84894105", "124159547", "142766502", "205945623", "230360546", "353598448", "355010116", "379602626", "399683634", "577640814", "585826630", "602681897", "608845139", "652042895", "653487715", "1499419945", "1499687183", "1511185133", "1511642949", "1539642710", "1541945784", "1598298828", "1967877710", "1970592073", "1979755096", "1983395554", "1987710704", "1991188736", "1997119710", "2006240459", "2007352806", "2011988155", "2018735592", "2024693924", "2028294094", "2029482322", "2041919235", "2050779213", "2052721555", "2056871806", "2068323210", "2068605154", "2069615760", "2071596985", "2074293795", "2078036704", "2079341723", "2079352375", "2081183530", "2082172918", "2085295059", "2085916303", "2086063268", "2086957935", "2089576266", "2090658458", "2094357075", "2094837829", "2099914099", "2102482058", "2103274165", "2106468177", "2108378466", "2110774900", "2115285680", "2120112627", "2126733807", "2127120014", "2128282101", "2130342993", "2132454828", "2144140872", "2146753455", "2148084882", "2148598294", "2150148355", "2151780178", "2152591978", "2153707744", "2156233205", "2156625419", "2157821211", "2161051641", "2161607029", "2168938233", "2275762924", "2297565569", "2315556200", "2319660701", "2319786738", "2324798429", "2577311322", "2740398492", "2799047465", "2946892423", "2998772109", "3081084280", "3121147769" ], "abstract": "over the course of the last fifteen years states along with companies international organizations non governmental organizations and others have increasingly turned to markets rather than state organized military hierarchies for security this article puts forth hypotheses about how this marketization might affect three major literatures in international relations theory the democratic peace late state building and theories of the frequency and nature of conflict relying on institutional logic i argue that the marketization of security should redistribute power over the control of force this redistribution should cause democracies to function differently increasing the dilemmas between short term security and long term relations with other democracies it should also reinforce the dilemmas pointed to by the literature on the resource curse and rentier states thus deepening the expected difficulty of state building finally as more states and non state actors take advantage of market options for security the oft assumed collective monopoly of states over violence should suffer a blow this should lead the chances for conflict to grow but also the purposes for which people and groups use violence to change these propositions are not tested but serve as a call for further research deborah avant is associate professor of political science and international affairs at george washington university avant gwu edu the author thanks fiona adamson risa brooks nora bensahel alex cooley rachel epstein greg gause jonathan kirshner jack snyder david lake jim lebovic and participants in the globalization and national security seminars at harvard s olin institute as well as participants in seminars at georgetown university northwestern university and university of texas austin for comments on previous drafts", "title_raw": "The Implications of Marketized Security for IR Theory: The Democratic Peace, Late State Building, and the Nature and Frequency of Conflict", "abstract_raw": "Over the course of the last fifteen years states\u2014along with companies, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, and others\u2014have increasingly turned to markets rather than state-organized military hierarchies for security. This article puts forth hypotheses about how this marketization might affect three major literatures in international relations theory: the democratic peace, late state building, and theories of the frequency and nature of conflict. Relying on institutional logic, I argue that the marketization of security should redistribute power over the control of force. This redistribution should cause democracies to function differently\u2014increasing the dilemmas between short-term security and long-term relations with other democracies. It should also reinforce the dilemmas pointed to by the literature on the resource curse and rentier states, thus deepening the expected difficulty of state building. Finally, as more states and non-state actors take advantage of market options for security, the oft-assumed collective monopoly of states over violence should suffer a blow. This should lead the chances for conflict to grow but also the purposes for which people and groups use violence to change. These propositions are not tested but serve as a call for further research. Deborah Avant is Associate Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University (avant@gwu.edu). The author thanks Fiona Adamson, Risa Brooks, Nora Bensahel, Alex Cooley, Rachel Epstein, Greg Gause, Jonathan Kirshner, Jack Snyder, David Lake, Jim Lebovic, and participants in the Globalization and National Security seminars at Harvard's Olin Institute, as well as participants in seminars at Georgetown University; Northwestern University; and University of Texas, Austin for comments on previous drafts." }, { "paper": "2113819502", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2006", "title": "19 zeev maoz and bruce russett 1993 normative and structural causes of democratic peace 1946 1986 american political science review 87 september 624 38 cited 278 times", "label": [ "555826173", "3116431", "44725695" ], "author": [ "2046083911", "2303914535" ], "reference": [ "2036863814", "2110488634", "2115971842", "2138329233", "2163822206", "2171675865" ], "abstract": "this article one of only two on the top twenty list published later than 1986 undertook two tasks the first was to examine whether the democratic peace was a spurious relationship that could be disconfirmed by several possible alternative explanations the second was to provide a stepping stone to be revised and improved by others for converting the democratic peace from a theoretically loose substantially intuition driven project into a research program in which theory and empirics reinforced each other", "title_raw": "19. Zeev Maoz and Bruce Russett. 1993. \u201cNormative and Structural Causes of Democratic Peace, 1946\u20131986.\u201d American Political Science Review 87 (September): 624\u201338. Cited 278 times", "abstract_raw": "This article\u2014one of only two on the \u201ctop twenty\u201d list published later than 1986\u2014undertook two tasks. The first was to examine whether the \u201cdemocratic peace\u201d was a spurious relationship that could be disconfirmed by several possible alternative explanations. The second was to provide a stepping stone\u2014to be revised and improved by others\u2014for converting the democratic peace from a theoretically loose, substantially intuition-driven project into a research program in which theory and empirics reinforced each other." }, { "paper": "2522307240", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2006", "title": "the politics of european union enlargement theoretical approaches constructing the path to eastern enlargement the uneven impact of eu identity review article", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2181253255" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of European Union Enlargement: Theoretical Approaches; Constructing the Path to Eastern Enlargement: The Uneven Impact of EU Identity (review article)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2019219384", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2006", "title": "a cross lagged analysis of agenda setting among online news media", "label": [ "529147693", "201280247" ], "author": [ "2483753831" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this study examined the causal relationships among the issue agendas of three online news media in south korea during two time periods the issue agendas of the two online newspapers at time 1 influenced the issue agendas of the online wire service at time 2 the online wire service did not influence the issue agendas of the two newspapers during the same time periods the leading online newspaper influenced the issue agendas of both the secondary online newspaper and the online wire service the findings extend intermedia agenda setting studies to the online environment", "title_raw": "A Cross-Lagged Analysis of Agenda Setting among Online News Media:", "abstract_raw": "This study examined the causal relationships among the issue agendas of three online news media in South Korea during two time periods. The issue agendas of the two online newspapers at Time 1 influenced the issue agendas of the online wire service at Time 2. The online wire service did not influence the issue agendas of the two newspapers during the same time periods. The leading online newspaper influenced the issue agendas of both the secondary online newspaper and the online wire service. The findings extend intermedia agenda-setting studies to the online environment." }, { "paper": "82472794", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2006", "title": "when congress checks out", "label": [ "199539241", "2777230681", "93377909", "83009810", "2776003135", "2779526050" ], "author": [ "1991203073", "2501354251" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the making of sound u s foreign policy depends on a vigorous deliberative and often combative process that involves both the executive and the legislative branches the country s founding fathers gave each branch both exclusive and overlapping powers in the realm of foreign policy according to each one s comparative advantage inviting them as the constitutional scholar edwin corwin has put it to struggle for the privilege of directing american foreign policy one of congress key roles is oversight making sure that the laws it writes are faithfully executed and vetting the military and diplomatic activities of the executive congressional oversight is meant to keep mistakes from happening or from spiraling out of control it helps draw out lessons from catastrophes in order to prevent them or others like them from recurring good oversight cuts waste punishes fraud or scandal and keeps policymakers on their toes the task is not easy examining a department or agency its personnel and its implementation policies is time consuming investigating possible scandals can easily lapse into a partisan exercise that ignores broad policy issues for the sake of cheap publicity", "title_raw": "When Congress Checks Out", "abstract_raw": "THE MAKING of sound U.S. foreign policy depends on a vigorous, deliberative, and often combative process that involves both the executive and the legislative branches. The country's Founding Fathers gave each branch both exclusive and overlapping powers in the realm of foreign policy, according to each one's comparative advantage-inviting them, as the constitutional scholar Edwin Corwin has put it, \"to struggle for the privilege of directing American foreign policy.\" One of Congress' key roles is oversight: making sure that the laws it writes are faithfully executed and vetting the military and diplomatic activities of the executive. Congressional oversight is meant to keep mistakes from happening or from spiraling out of control; it helps draw out lessons from catastrophes in order to prevent them, or others like them, from recurring. Good oversight cuts waste, punishes fraud or scandal, and keeps policymakers on their toes. The task is not easy. Examining a department or agency, its personnel, and its implementation policies is time-consuming. Investigating possible scandals can easily lapse into a partisan exercise that ignores broad policy issues for the sake of cheap publicity." }, { "paper": "1972923857", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2006", "title": "running to lose john c breckinridge and the presidential election of 1860", "label": [ "2780332366", "2779220109", "81631423", "2776129789", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2135194043", "2124527607" ], "reference": [ "613270808", "1493556639", "1546428895", "1558622039", "1580899010", "1972181371", "1973263137", "1976276208", "1977158220", "1983631300", "1985878007", "1986060998", "1989783543", "2007568388", "2015702477", "2016972621", "2022329097", "2038903001", "2052556727", "2063407787", "2066238323", "2091035664", "2091315242", "2102470010", "2162910442", "2200667190", "2320719524", "2325572400", "2796676169", "3039957904", "3127484229" ], "abstract": "abstract one important catalyst for the onset of the civil war was the presidential election of abraham lincoln in 1860 lincoln competing against three other candidates won the election with the smallest percentage of the popular vote in american history given the circumstances a slightly different electoral slate might have engineered his defeat we examine this possibility by focusing on the candidacy of john c breckinridge the final entrant into the race historians disagree over the rationale behind breckinridge s candidacy some argue that it was a desperate effort to defeat lincoln others suggest that it was designed to insure lincoln s victory using election counterfactuals and applying spatial voting theory we examine these arguments our evidence suggests that breckinridge had no reasonable chance to win support for breckinridge s candidacy was only reasonable if the intention were to elect lincoln", "title_raw": "Running to Lose?: John C. Breckinridge and the Presidential Election of 1860", "abstract_raw": "Abstract One important catalyst for the onset of the Civil War was the Presidential Election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. Lincoln, competing against three other candidates, won the election with the smallest percentage of the popular vote in American history. Given the circumstances, a slightly different electoral slate might have engineered his defeat. We examine this possibility by focusing on the candidacy of John C. Breckinridge, the final entrant into the race. Historians disagree over the rationale behind Breckinridge's candidacy. Some argue that it was a desperate effort to defeat Lincoln; others suggest that it was designed to insure Lincoln's victory. Using election counterfactuals and applying spatial voting theory, we examine these arguments. Our evidence suggests that Breckinridge had no reasonable chance to win. Support for Breckinridge's candidacy was only reasonable if the intention were to elect Lincoln." }, { "paper": "1999122027", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2006", "title": "tobacco s tipping point the master settlement agreement as a focusing event", "label": [ "2781145028", "203566152", "2780208285", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2611864754" ], "reference": [ "1964993936", "1977578104", "1979844660", "1986006623", "2026069470", "2041157860", "2069922251", "2075990025", "2086787879", "2090473390", "2119203076", "2119266541", "2123461173" ], "abstract": "focusing events have been widely referenced in policy studies literature as important drivers of major policy change in multiple streams theory punctuated equilibrium theory and the advocacy coalition framework they play a prominent role in explaining how major changes occur nearly all existing research however has focused on the very large and catastrophic events that catapult otherwise obscure issues onto the agenda to the neglect of focusing events that may perform other functions this article examines one such event the master settlement agreement msa between the tobacco industry and the states signed in 1998 i observe that although the msa focused substantial attention on the topic of tobacco regulation produced major policy change and shifted the policy image of the domain it was not a typical focusing event drawing from the tipping point theories of sociology and malcolm gladwell s the tipping point i expand a theoretical distinction articulated by baumgartner and jones between triggering events and consolidating or tipping events to resolve this discrepancy", "title_raw": "Tobacco's Tipping Point: The Master Settlement Agreement as a Focusing Event", "abstract_raw": "Focusing events have been widely referenced in policy studies literature as important drivers of major policy change. In multiple streams theory, punctuated equilibrium theory, and the advocacy coalition framework, they play a prominent role in explaining how major changes occur. Nearly all existing research, however, has focused on the very large and catastrophic events that catapult otherwise obscure issues onto the agenda, to the neglect of focusing events that may perform other functions. This article examines one such event: the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) between the tobacco industry and the states signed in 1998. I observe that although the MSA focused substantial attention on the topic of tobacco regulation, produced major policy change, and shifted the policy image of the domain, it was not a typical focusing event. Drawing from the tipping point theories of Sociology and Malcolm Gladwell's The Tipping Point, I expand a theoretical distinction articulated by Baumgartner and Jones between \u201ctriggering\u201d events and \u201cconsolidating\u201d or \u201ctipping\u201d events to resolve this discrepancy." }, { "paper": "2007846784", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2006", "title": "suburban sweatshops the fight for immigrant rights", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "2716919050" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Suburban Sweatshops: The Fight for Immigrant Rights", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2030000517", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2006", "title": "sima samar safeguarding human rights in afghanistan", "label": [ "199539241", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2049999924" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sima Samar: safeguarding human rights in Afghanistan.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2079149302", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2006", "title": "institutional determinants of the largest seat share", "label": [ "2777366252" ], "author": [ "221395033", "1820696056" ], "reference": [ "422945158", "607926820", "641870779", "1497152065", "1497436420", "1581694436", "1596273360", "1599598047", "1984028097", "2004272954", "2012827437", "2045509200", "2145098435", "2330637067", "2494707969" ], "abstract": "abstract the degree of predominance of the largest party in a representative assembly affects government formation and survival the seat share of the largest party in turn is constrained by the interaction of assembly size and electoral district magnitude in the following way when all s seats in an assembly are allocated in districts of magnitude m a logical quantitative model proposes that the largest fractional share is s 1 ms 1 8 as a curve the model is found to fit with r 2 0 509 considering data from the averages of 46 periods in 37 countries during which the electoral rules were essentially steady as a worldwide average the expression s 1 ms 1 8 1 holds within 1 deviations from this average express the impact of various country specific political and socio cultural factors that can be investigated once the basic institutional constraints are controlled for this means that the degree of largest party predominance may be engineered to hover around a desired average by adjusting assembly size and district magnitude while keeping country specific factors in mind", "title_raw": "Institutional determinants of the largest seat share", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The degree of predominance of the largest party in a representative assembly affects government formation and survival. The seat share of the largest party, in turn, is constrained by the interaction of assembly size and electoral district magnitude in the following way. When all S seats in an assembly are allocated in districts of magnitude M , a logical quantitative model proposes that the largest fractional share is s 1 \u00a0=\u00a0( MS) \u22121/8 . As a curve, the model is found to fit with R 2 \u00a0=\u00a00.509, considering data from the averages of 46 periods in 37 countries, during which the electoral rules were essentially steady. As a worldwide average, the expression s 1 (MS) 1/8 \u00a0=\u00a01 holds within 1%. Deviations from this average express the impact of various country-specific political and socio-cultural factors that can be investigated once the basic institutional constraints are controlled-for. This means that the degree of largest party predominance may be engineered to hover around a desired average by adjusting assembly size, and district magnitude, while keeping country-specific factors in mind." }, { "paper": "2030515195", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2006", "title": "talking with the silent majority an interest identity framework", "label": [ "2778449503", "2780402928", "201305675", "46469244", "176239081", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2241486397", "2156465805" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the primary contribution of this article to public relations theory and practice is to provide an interest identity framework for guiding the formulation of public relations strategy in relation to issues related engagement with public we draw upon an analysis of the public consultation and communication processes undertaken by new zealand s environmental risk management authority erma following the lifting of a moratorium on field trials for genetically modified gm organisms erma is charged with the oversight of biotechnology research and the introduction of new organisms and dangerous substances into new zealand following the lifting of the gm moratorium erma identified a need to communicate with the general public rather than just scientific organisations or those that identified strongly with anti gm activist groups about the way in which it would perform its role in the new environment erma engaged in a wide variety of communication initiatives designed to appeal to the general public but was disappointed by the lack of response drawing on a mobilization model from stakeholder theory that categorises stakeholder groups that take action with regards to a focal organization as being either interest based or identity based rowley moldoveanu 2003 we explore the ramifications for organizations like erma of attempting to engage with the general public according to rowley and moldoveanu 2003 interest based stakeholder groups act to protect their interests while identity based stakeholders mobilize as an expression of their identity consultation processes around issues processes and events are usually designed to elicit views from publics and thus to awaken latent perspectives as the threshold for mobilization is much lower for identity based than interest based groups ibid communication strategies are more likely to mobilize members of the general public who have not yet taken a position towards identitybased positions this response which is likely to increase rather than reduce public dissatisfaction with the organization and or the issue raises a number of potential challenges for organizations", "title_raw": "Talking with the silent majority: An interest\u2013identity framework", "abstract_raw": "The primary contribution of this article to public relations theory and practice is to provide an interest\u2013identity framework for guiding the formulation of public relations strategy in relation to issues-related engagement with public. We draw upon an analysis of the public consultation and communication processes undertaken by New Zealand\u2019s Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA) following the lifting of a moratorium on field trials for genetically modified (GM) organisms. ERMA is charged with the oversight of biotechnology research and the introduction of new organisms and dangerous substances into New Zealand. Following the lifting of the GM moratorium, ERMA identified a need to communicate with the general public, rather than just scientific organisations or those that identified strongly with anti-GM activist groups, about the way in which it would perform its role in the new environment. ERMA engaged in a wide variety of communication initiatives designed to appeal to the general public but was disappointed by the lack of response. Drawing on a mobilization model from stakeholder theory that categorises stakeholder groups that take action with regards to a focal organization as being either interest-based or identity-based (Rowley & Moldoveanu, 2003), we explore the ramifications for organizations like ERMA of attempting to engage with the general public. According to Rowley and Moldoveanu (2003), interest-based stakeholder groups act to protect their interests while identity-based stakeholders mobilize as an expression of their identity. Consultation processes around issues, processes and events are usually designed to elicit views from publics and thus to awaken latent perspectives. As the threshold for mobilization is much lower for identity-based than interest-based groups (Ibid), communication strategies are more likely to mobilize members of the general public who have not yet taken a position, towards identitybased positions. This response, which is likely to increase rather than reduce public dissatisfaction with the organization and/or the issue, raises a number of potential challenges for organizations." }, { "paper": "3122728047", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2006", "title": "inside the administrative state a critical look at the practice of presidential control", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431", "197487636", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "1169169231", "2080927954" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "from the inception of the administrative state scholars have proposed various models of agency decison making to render such decison making accountable and effective only to see those models falter when confronted by actual practice until now the presidential control model has been largely impervious to this pattern that model which brings agency decison making under the direction of the president has strengthened over time winning broad scholarly endorsement and bipartisan political support but it like prior models relies on abstractions for example that the president represents public preferences and resists parochial pressures that do not hold up as a factual matter although recent empirical analyses purport to validate the model they fall short because they examine how the white house exercises control without considering how agencies experience control this article is the first to study the practice of presidential control from inside the administrative state we interviewed the top political officials at the environmental protection agency from the george h w bush and william j clinton administrations during 1989 2001 our data which do not vary substantially between respondents of different presidential administrations suggest that white house involvement is more complex and less positive than previous accounts acknowledge but we do not conclude that the presidential control model lacks merit indeed our respondents recognize that the president has a role to play in controlling agency decision making we therefore conclude that the presidential control model requires reworking to remain valid in practice as well as in theory we identify next steps in that direction", "title_raw": "Inside the Administrative State: A Critical Look at the Practice of Presidential Control", "abstract_raw": "From the inception of the administrative state, scholars have proposed various models of agency decison-making to render such decison-making accountable and effective, only to see those models falter when confronted by actual practice. Until now, the \u201cpresidential control\u201d model has been largely impervious to this pattern. That model, which brings agency decison-making under the direction of the president, has strengthened over time, winning broad scholarly endorsement and bipartisan political support. But it, like prior models, relies on abstractions\u2014for example, that the president represents public preferences and resists parochial pressures\u2014 that do not hold up as a factual matter. Although recent empirical analyses purport to validate the model, they fall short because they examine how the White House exercises control without considering how agencies experience control. This Article is the first to study the practice of presidential control from inside the administrative state. We interviewed the top political officials at the Environmental Protection Agency from the George H.W. Bush and William J. Clinton administrations during 1989\u20132001. Our data, which do not vary substantially between respondents of different presidential administrations, suggest that White House involvement is more complex and less positive than previous accounts acknowledge. But we do not conclude that the presidential control model lacks merit. Indeed, our respondents recognize that the president has a role to play in controlling agency decision-making. We therefore conclude that the presidential control model requires reworking to remain valid in practice as well as in theory. We identify next steps in that direction." }, { "paper": "2942629523", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2006", "title": "the 2005 judicial activity of the international court of justice", "label": [ "2775952369", "199539241", "2779871314" ], "author": [ "2665882587" ], "reference": [ "1126860005" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The 2005 Judicial Activity of the International Court of Justice", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2152654984", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2006", "title": "telecentres and transformations modernizing tanzania through the internet", "label": [ "53844881" ], "author": [ "2618306233" ], "reference": [ "398532576", "579320841", "616250272", "627458135", "1502371407", "1992925306", "1996403328", "2004436699", "2017291599", "2018593833", "2032793236", "2033074164", "2036510739", "2042476868", "2055876365", "2077817154", "2110907835", "2141043500", "2169920288", "2319619792", "2616545815" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Telecentres and transformations: modernizing Tanzania through the Internet", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2107747795", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2006", "title": "implementing change on the front lines a management case study of west feliciana parish hospital", "label": [ "109986646", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2657733804", "2500931662" ], "reference": [ "2006021834", "2037715072", "2268460453" ], "abstract": "in the policy implementation field theorists are challenged to develop stepwise frameworks that facilitate the implementation of public policy this case studies the implementation of a medicare charity care policy in a small rural hospital using the top down implementation framework it offers an overview of top down implementation theory and a discussion of top down research findings as they relate to the real implementation experiences of hospital administrators the case presents six recommendations for the effective implementation of a new policy on the front lines", "title_raw": "Implementing Change on the Front Lines: A Management Case Study of West Feliciana Parish Hospital", "abstract_raw": "In the policy implementation field, theorists are challenged to develop stepwise frameworks that facilitate the implementation of public policy. This case studies the implementation of a Medicare charity care policy in a small rural hospital using the top-down implementation framework. It offers an overview of top-down implementation theory and a discussion of top-down research findings as they relate to the real implementation experiences of hospital administrators. The case presents six recommendations for the effective implementation of a new policy on the front lines." }, { "paper": "2058017131", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2006", "title": "filling in the blanks a new method for estimating campaign effects", "label": [ "94625758", "197487636", "2779838221" ], "author": [ "2143363404", "2095842366" ], "reference": [ "2149170403" ], "abstract": "scholars have invested a great deal of effort in trying to estimate the impact of political campaigns on the public while progress has been made one fundamental problem continues to plague our attempts to study campaigns the lack of good detailed data about the behaviour of candidates in the united states for instance the presidential battle is a national struggle that unfolds locally on the stages of fifty states yet most data collection efforts have treated presidential elections as if they were national contests conducted implicitly in an identical manner across the entire country using available national data as a baseline and theory to predict plausible variations from that baseline the authors devise a method for simulating variation in presidential campaigns across states and over election years one of the crucial missing pieces of the puzzle their method generates a range of plausible effects which is often narrow enough to shed light on important hypotheses it can be employed whenever data are available at a more aggregate level than is desirable this method is then applied to assess the debate over the impact of attack advertising on turnout this approach suggests that campaign negativism stimulated rather than demobilized turnout in presidential elections from 1980 through 2000", "title_raw": "Filling in the Blanks: A New Method for Estimating Campaign Effects", "abstract_raw": "Scholars have invested a great deal of effort in trying to estimate the impact of political campaigns on the public. While progress has been made, one fundamental problem continues to plague our attempts to study campaigns: the lack of good, detailed data about the behaviour of candidates. In the United States, for instance, the presidential battle is a national struggle that unfolds locally on the stages of fifty states, yet most data collection efforts have treated presidential elections as if they were national contests, conducted (implicitly) in an identical manner across the entire country. Using available (national) data as a baseline and theory to predict plausible variations from that baseline, the authors devise a method for simulating variation in presidential campaigns across states and over election years--one of the crucial missing pieces of the puzzle. Their method generates a range of plausible effects, which is often narrow enough to shed light on important hypotheses. It can be employed whenever data are available at a more aggregate level than is desirable. This method is then applied to assess the debate over the impact of attack advertising on turnout. This approach suggests that campaign negativism stimulated (rather than demobilized) turnout in presidential elections from 1980 through 2000." }, { "paper": "2155670983", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2006", "title": "transforming latin america the international and domestic origins of change", "label": [ "47152248", "158886217" ], "author": [ "2156116743" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Transforming Latin America: The International and Domestic Origins of Change", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2562349264", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2006", "title": "my kingdom for some peace", "label": [ "186780021", "99000247", "76775654" ], "author": [ "2629369217" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "My Kingdom for Some Peace", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122864186", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2006", "title": "good governance at the supranational scale globalizing administrative law", "label": [ "55447825", "3116431", "128069549", "46295352", "2780526558", "2778313810", "58583792", "2776847301" ], "author": [ "158595628" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article examines the tension between the demonstrable need for structured international cooperation in a world of interdependence and the political strain that arises whenever policymaking authority is lodged in global institutions it argues that the tools of administrative law which have been used to legitimate regulatory decisionmaking in the domestic context should be deployed more systematically when policymaking is undertaken at the international level while acknowledging the inevitable lack of democratic underpinnings for supranational governance this article highlights a series of other bases for legitimacy expertise and the ability to promote social welfare the order and stability provided by the rule of law checks and balances structured deliberation and most notably the institutional design of the policymaking process as structured by principles and practices of administrative law in developing the logic for procedural legitimacy as a foundation for good governance at the supranational scale this article advances a taxonomy of possible global administrative law tools it then evaluates against this template of good governance procedures some existing decisionmaking procedures in the international trade public health and environmental policy regimes the core conclusion is this even if supranational governance is limited and hampered by divergent traditions cultures and political preferences developing a baseline set of administrative law tools and practices will strengthen whatever supranational policymaking is undertaken author hillhouse professor of environmental law and policy yale university thanks to andrea gelatt kaitlin gregg hannah jacobs and christine kim for research assistance and to marge camera for administrative support this article emerged from the gilbert and sarah kerlin distinguished professor of environmental law lecture at pace law school thanks for helpful comments are due to the participants in the yale law school faculty workshop the pace law school kerlin lecture the harvard law school international public governance seminar professor benedict kingsbury and the nyu law school global administrative law conference and professor sabino cassese and the international law seminar at the university of rome la sapienza esty 4 24 2006 2 09 08 pm good governance at the supranational scale 1491 article contents", "title_raw": "Good Governance at the Supranational Scale: Globalizing Administrative Law", "abstract_raw": "This Article examines the tension between the demonstrable need for structured international cooperation in a world of interdependence and the political strain that arises whenever policymaking authority is lodged in global institutions. It argues that the tools of administrative law, which have been used to legitimate regulatory decisionmaking in the domestic context, should be deployed more systematically when policymaking is undertaken at the international level. While acknowledging the inevitable lack of democratic underpinnings for supranational governance, this Article highlights a series of other bases for legitimacy: expertise and the ability to promote social welfare; the order and stability provided by the rule of law; checks and balances; structured deliberation; and, most notably, the institutional design of the policymaking process as structured by principles and practices of administrative law. In developing the logic for procedural legitimacy as a foundation for good governance at the supranational scale, this Article advances a taxonomy of possible global administrative law tools. It then evaluates against this template of good governance procedures some existing decisionmaking procedures in the international trade, public health, and environmental policy regimes. The core conclusion is this: Even if supranational governance is limited and hampered by divergent traditions, cultures, and political preferences, developing a baseline set of administrative law tools and practices will strengthen whatever supranational policymaking is undertaken. author. Hillhouse Professor of Environmental Law and Policy, Yale University. Thanks to Andrea Gelatt, Kaitlin Gregg, Hannah Jacobs, and Christine Kim for research assistance\u2014and to Marge Camera for administrative support. This Article emerged from the Gilbert and Sarah Kerlin Distinguished Professor of Environmental Law Lecture at Pace Law School. Thanks for helpful comments are due to the participants in the Yale Law School faculty workshop, the Pace Law School Kerlin Lecture, the Harvard Law School International Public Governance seminar, Professor Benedict Kingsbury and the NYU Law School Global Administrative Law Conference, and Professor Sabino Cassese and the international law seminar at the University of Rome \u201cLa Sapienza.\u201d ESTY 4/24/2006 2:09:08 PM good governance at the supranational scale 1491 article contents" }, { "paper": "2010326097", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2006", "title": "the powers of war and peace the constitution and foreign affairs after 9 11", "label": [ "2776154427", "93377909", "199539241", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2892852907" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Powers of War and Peace: The Constitution and Foreign Affairs After 9/11", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2049032974", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2006", "title": "comment crossroads or cul de sac reassessing european foreign policy", "label": [ "93377909", "188888794", "44394981" ], "author": [ "2141314728" ], "reference": [ "1500235571", "1581505469" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Comment: Crossroads or cul-de-sac? Reassessing European foreign policy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2159437998", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2006", "title": "still supermadres gender and the policy priorities of latin american legislators", "label": [ "2779610281", "94625758", "160735492", "2778521920", "83009810", "158886217" ], "author": [ "2597484022" ], "reference": [ "245599235", "379813690", "625031194", "1556824069", "1670294129", "1964829589", "1972974980", "1974293700", "1978921860", "1980207040", "1995643388", "2035735920", "2044322239", "2051741597", "2055291930", "2056720499", "2057768508", "2079649097", "2100813480", "2107575721", "2126017452", "2148658646", "2151796435", "2158316163", "2314672831", "2322375509", "2491920167", "2795893590", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "this article examines the effect of gender on legislators attitudes and bill initiation behavior in three latin american countries argentina colombia and costa rica i argue that sex role changes in latin america over the past 35 years have led to changes in how female legislators perceive their political roles and consequently changes in their attitudes and behavior specifically female legislators will place higher priority than male legislators on women s issues and children family concerns but their attitudes in other areas such as education health the economy agriculture and employment will be similar however i expect that gender dynamics in the legislative arena lead to marginalization of women such that gender differences will emerge for bill initiation behavior where they did not appear for attitudes i test this using a survey of legislators issue preferences and archival data on the bills that legislators sponsor and find statistical support for the hypotheses n her seminal book on women in latin american politics elsa chaney 1979 described female politicians as supermadres tending to the needs of her big family in the larger casa of the municipality or even the nation 21 based on interviews with female candidates and officeholders in chile and peru she found that women viewed political office as an extension of their roles as mothers and wives and felt a responsibility to focus on issues derived from those roles protecting children and the family education and healthcare for example in the 25 years since chaney s writing women s status has changed significantly in latin america craske 1999 women have increased their presence in the public sphere the paid labor force and universities among many other changes as of yet however little empirical research exists on the attitudes and behavior of female politicians today how they differ from male politicians and how they have changed since chaney s characterization if at all are female legislators still supermadres focusing primarily on nurturant and affectational tasks related to their traditional roles chaney 1979 20 or have the social economic and political transformations", "title_raw": "Still Supermadres? Gender and the Policy Priorities of Latin American Legislators", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the effect of gender on legislators\u2019 attitudes and bill initiation behavior in three Latin American countries\u2014Argentina, Colombia, and Costa Rica. I argue that sex role changes in Latin America over the past 35 years have led to changes in how female legislators perceive their political roles, and consequently, changes in their attitudes and behavior. Specifically, female legislators will place higher priority than male legislators on women\u2019s issues and children/family concerns, but their attitudes in other areas, such as education, health, the economy, agriculture, and employment, will be similar. However, I expect that gender dynamics in the legislative arena lead to marginalization of women such that gender differences will emerge for bill initiation behavior where they did not appear for attitudes. I test this using a survey of legislators\u2019 issue preferences and archival data on the bills that legislators sponsor and find statistical support for the hypotheses. n her seminal book on women in Latin American politics, Elsa Chaney (1979) described female politicians as \u201csupermadres\u201d\u2014\u201ctending to the needs of her big family in the larger casa of the municipality or even the nation\u201d (21). Based on interviews with female candidates and officeholders in Chile and Peru, she found that women viewed political office as an extension of their roles as mothers and wives and felt a responsibility to focus on issues derived from those roles\u2014protecting children and the family, education, and healthcare, for example. In the 25 years since Chaney\u2019s writing, women\u2019s status has changed significantly in Latin America (Craske 1999). Women have increased their presence in the public sphere, the paid labor force, and universities, among many other changes. As of yet, however, little empirical research exists on the attitudes and behavior of female politicians today, how they differ from male politicians, and how they have changed since Chaney\u2019s characterization, if at all. Are female legislators still \u201csupermadres,\u201d focusing primarily on \u201cnurturant and affectational tasks\u201d related to their traditional roles (Chaney 1979, 20)? Or, have the social, economic, and political transformations" }, { "paper": "1979357479", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2006", "title": "the policy agendas project a review", "label": [ "3116431", "123587114", "203566152", "109986646" ], "author": [ "2229851238" ], "reference": [ "599501920", "602866629", "628052711", "1971186946", "2018378619", "2019668364", "2020212489", "2032260798", "2062962096", "2075047239", "2094775958", "2100709330", "2108090653", "2115385361", "2128446039", "2138082499", "2139680069", "2149768508", "2153583656", "2154103107", "2319274039", "2601270582", "3043426001" ], "abstract": "this paper reviews the policy agendas project which involves the application of a coding scheme to the content of policy documents and is used by several of the contributors to this volume the review describes the evolution and application of the coding frame which can classify the content of policy documents and has been used to analyse agenda change in the united states of america it then examines more recent work that extends the codeframe to european countries and other institutions after assessing the challenges of applying the method in the comparative context it concludes that a research programme is underway which involves a reliable and valid procedure for describing and analysing the content of public policies as they change over time", "title_raw": "The Policy Agendas Project: a Review", "abstract_raw": "This paper reviews the Policy Agendas Project, which involves the application of a coding scheme to the content of policy documents, and is used by several of the contributors to this volume. The review describes the evolution and application of the coding frame, which can classify the content of policy documents, and has been used to analyse agenda change in the United States of America. It then examines more recent work that extends the codeframe to European countries and other institutions. After assessing the challenges of applying the method in the comparative context, it concludes that a research programme is underway, which involves a reliable and valid procedure for describing and analysing the content of public policies as they change over time." }, { "paper": "1973590365", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2006", "title": "stakeholder attitudes toward gmos in the philippines mexico and south africa the issue of public trust", "label": [ "2779655753", "2777825026", "201305675" ], "author": [ "1755127125", "79745748" ], "reference": [ "570808333", "643136458", "643227363", "647218694", "1515277068", "1523260798", "1531663608", "1997420543", "2036112914", "2059103079", "2068272022", "2077525371", "2082351090", "2111261659", "2119881162", "2147876996", "2183746341", "2317109768", "2520699133", "2737214728", "2797626083", "2799121301", "3157244521" ], "abstract": "summary this paper investigates stakeholder perceptions and interests in the public debates on the risks and benefits of genetically modified organisms gmos in developing countries the surveys conducted in mexico the philippines and south africa showed that most local stakeholders in these countries tend to have pragmatic views toward the use of gmos yet they also revealed a trend toward political polarization that is linked to the transatlantic dispute on gmos we argue that it is not just power politics but also the increasing competition for public trust that explains why european stakeholders turned out to be so successful in influencing attitudes and regulation on gmos in developing countries national academia which proved to be the most trusted stakeholder in all three countries and less involved in foreign funded advocacy work may be crucial in abating political polarization and facilitate pragmatic political action", "title_raw": "Stakeholder attitudes toward GMOs in the Philippines, Mexico, and South Africa: The issue of public trust", "abstract_raw": "Summary This paper investigates stakeholder perceptions and interests in the public debates on the risks and benefits of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in developing countries. The surveys conducted in Mexico, the Philippines, and South Africa showed that most local stakeholders in these countries tend to have pragmatic views toward the use of GMOs. Yet, they also revealed a trend toward political polarization that is linked to the transatlantic dispute on GMOs. We argue that it is not just power politics but also the increasing competition for public trust that explains why European stakeholders turned out to be so successful in influencing attitudes and regulation on GMOs in developing countries. National academia, which proved to be the most trusted stakeholder in all three countries and less involved in foreign-funded advocacy work, may be crucial in abating political polarization and facilitate pragmatic political action." }, { "paper": "2148490886", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2006", "title": "term limits and the dismantling of state legislative professionalism by thad kousser new york cambridge university press 2005 275 pp 32 paper", "label": [ "2776398702", "3116431", "83009810" ], "author": [ "8091789" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Term Limits and the Dismantling of State Legislative Professionalism, by Thad Kousser. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, 275 pp., $32 paper", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2082183759", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2006", "title": "a long war", "label": [ "2779965921", "199539241", "2777363581" ], "author": [ "2400652045" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "when in the immediate aftermath of the appalling events of 11 september 2001 president george w bush declared a global war on terror a number of pundits were deeply unhappy at least the pentagon has adjusted its language and now defines the west s predicament as a long war this is better but still problems remain is it really a war and if not what is it who or what is it against what is it about how should it be conducted whatever we call the conflict it is likely to be long the use of armed force offers no short cuts and unless used with skill and restraint it may do more harm than good the length of its engagements when they occur will be measured not in days but in weeks or even months and will seldom appear conclusive it will be that most frustrating of conflicts a war of attrition success when it comes will do so slowly and incrementally the military may protest that this is not the kind of war that they joined up to fight and taxpayers that they see little return", "title_raw": "A Long War", "abstract_raw": "When, in the immediate aftermath of the appalling events of 11 September 2001, President George W. Bush declared a \u2018global war on terror\u2019, a number of pundits were deeply unhappy. At least the Pentagon has adjusted its language and now defines the West's predicament as \u2018a long war\u2019. This is better, but still problems remain: is it really a \u2018war\u2019, and if not, what is it? Who or what is it against? What is it about? How should it be conducted? Whatever we call the conflict, it is likely to be long. The use of armed force offers no short cuts, and unless used with skill and restraint it may do more harm than good. The length of its engagements, when they occur, will be measured, not in days, but in weeks or even months, and will seldom appear conclusive. It will be that most frustrating of conflicts, a war of attrition. Success, when it comes, will do so slowly and incrementally. The military may protest that this is not the kind of war that they joined up to fight, and taxpayers that they see little return ..." }, { "paper": "2127470744", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2006", "title": "participation and political competition in committee report allocation under what conditions do meps represent their constituents", "label": [ "2781440851", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2637623709" ], "reference": [ "435586699", "612409120", "620916766", "1528419149", "1538021340", "1607858544", "1885479328", "1963673025", "1965019157", "1966989238", "1972771549", "1972773943", "1976865023", "1981719767", "1993787884", "1995517447", "2000834367", "2009659525", "2042174020", "2045709808", "2049278911", "2050987721", "2051963287", "2062403243", "2063968649", "2064617914", "2066344847", "2072029289", "2078812239", "2093901714", "2103545791", "2112385419", "2116877392", "2129345644", "2130600069", "2139387599", "2142533331", "2144481741", "2145186724", "2155173899", "2159238414", "2164679681", "2261326549", "2314156745", "2460449355", "2481047501", "2499177588", "2505096595", "3021576110", "3122350971", "3125810405" ], "abstract": "the paper models the consequences of committee report allocation for political representation in the european parliament ep the range of legislators involved in each policy area affects the valu", "title_raw": "Participation and Political Competition in Committee Report Allocation Under What Conditions Do MEPs Represent Their Constituents", "abstract_raw": "The paper models the consequences of committee report allocation for political representation in the European Parliament (EP). The range of legislators involved in each policy area affects the valu..." }, { "paper": "93574169", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2006", "title": "state and globalisation the political field of bank regulation in international comparison", "label": [ "94625758", "2776398702", "2119116" ], "author": [ "2663224192" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "State and globalisation: the political field of bank regulation in international comparison", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2105097296", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2006", "title": "postscript china s high tide of socialism of 1955 strategic choices and paths not taken some changing perspectives", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2606008234" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the purpose of this special mini section of the china quarterly has been to review some of the issues relating both to our own understanding of the meaning of the high tide and of connections between events 50 years ago and issues of economic policy in china today in doing this most of the participants of the conference were familiar with the ten year retrospect commissioned by roderick macfarquhar and prepared by kenneth walker during 1965 66 l this paper remains a benchmark in studies of china s rural development and it is remarkable how many of its conclusions stand today in spite of an avalanche of more recent scholarship based on sources not available at the time one reason for this is that walker s concerns were primarily economic and agrarian whereas much recent material is concerned only with political issues especially intra party conflict the role of mao and the chain of events connecting the high tide with the great leap forward the main emphasis of the articles here is similarly economic in particular the commissioned article by y y kueh which offers an interpretation of the chinese long run that differs in some significant ways from conventional wisdom in the post reform era the interplay of politics and economics is however inescapable and yu liu s essay addresses from the political science viewpoint the question what were the structural conditions that allowed the events of the high tide to move so rapidly in the autumn of 1955 and the spring and summer of 1956 similarly the paper by liu jianhui and wang hongxu deals with the politics of intra party disputes in this postscript i consider very selectively two questions first how were agrarian china and the high tide understood by specialists and commentators outside china at the time and secondly what kind of retrospective views have developed five decades later", "title_raw": "Postscript : China's High Tide of Socialism of 1955: Strategic Choices and Paths not Taken, Some Changing Perspectives", "abstract_raw": "The purpose of this special mini-section of The China Quarterly has been to review some of the issues relating both to our own understanding of the meaning of the High Tide and of connections between events 50 years ago and issues of economic policy in China today. In doing this, most of the participants of the conference were familiar with the ten-year retrospect commissioned by Roderick MacFarquhar and prepared by Kenneth Walker during 1965-66.l This paper remains a benchmark in studies of China's rural development and it is remarkable how many of its conclusions stand today, in spite of an avalanche of more recent scholarship based on sources not available at the time. One reason for this is that Walker's concerns were primarily economic and agrarian, whereas much recent material is concerned only with political issues especially intra-Party conflict, the role of Mao, and the chain of events connecting the High Tide with the Great Leap Forward. The main emphasis of the articles here is similarly economic, in particular the commissioned article by Y.Y. Kueh, which offers an interpretation of the Chinese long run that differs in some significant ways from conventional wisdom in the post-reform era. The interplay of politics and economics is, however, inescapable, and Yu Liu's essay addresses from the political science viewpoint the question: what were the structural conditions that allowed the events of the High Tide to move so rapidly in the autumn of 1955 and the spring and summer of 1956? Similarly, the paper by Liu Jianhui and Wang Hongxu deals with the politics of intra-Party disputes. In this postscript I consider, very selectively, two questions. First, how were agrarian China and the High Tide understood by specialists and commentators outside China at the time? And secondly, what kind of retrospective views have developed five decades later?" }, { "paper": "2011731991", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2006", "title": "forecasting the 2006 elections for the united states senate", "label": [ "2781426162", "59742305", "39549134", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2251147537", "2171258730" ], "reference": [ "98342052", "100592892", "1497013238", "1698605875", "1964790476", "1978916149", "2002492214", "2027750460", "2031853586", "2038012388", "2049095783", "2063236012", "2068032835", "2097908050", "2109036747", "2132236942", "2139167777", "2140179927", "2256690970", "2312616243", "2326431759", "3001880447" ], "abstract": "to arrive at some understanding of what is going on is hard enough says abraham kaplan without having also to meet the demand that we anticipate what will happen next 1964 351 despite kaplan s warning attempts at forecasting american elections by political scientists have grown in recent years foreshadowing election results is not just a casual interest for political scientists it both sparks interest in the work of our discipline and serves as a pedagogical tool we admit that many challenges present themselves when we attempt to predict complicated social phenomena but if we instead limit our research to description and explanation the danger is that repeated analysis of the same datasets will track patterns again and again that do not exist in the reality outside our samples one guard against this is to take theories about politics and employ them to predict future events in this spirit this paper utilizes well known patterns of congressional elections to predict those of the 2006 senate", "title_raw": "Forecasting the 2006 Elections for the United States Senate", "abstract_raw": "\u201cTo arrive at some understanding of what is going on is hard enough,\u201d says Abraham Kaplan, \u201cwithout having also to meet the demand that we anticipate what will happen next\u201d (1964, 351). Despite Kaplan's warning, attempts at forecasting American elections by political scientists have grown in recent years. Foreshadowing election results is not just a casual interest for political scientists. It both sparks interest in the work of our discipline, and serves as a pedagogical tool. We admit that many challenges present themselves when we attempt to predict complicated social phenomena; but if we, instead, limit our research to description and explanation, the danger is that repeated analysis of the same datasets will track patterns again and again that do not exist in the reality outside our samples. One guard against this is to take theories about politics and employ them to predict future events. In this spirit, this paper utilizes well-known patterns of congressional elections to predict those of the 2006 Senate." }, { "paper": "2160396117", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2006", "title": "e mail communication and the policy process in the state legislature", "label": [ "3116431", "39549134", "94625758", "2781287902", "2779949451", "2776424047", "2776398702", "83009810", "2778521920" ], "author": [ "2947874084", "2136621207" ], "reference": [ "61849110", "636061962", "1507004422", "1528407590", "1933618834", "1972094195", "1975143706", "1979441450", "1987338541", "2012036818", "2017209855", "2025285021", "2037918703", "2047585326", "2051981047", "2054807027", "2069274037", "2088071169", "2099052155", "2099495191", "2103578860", "2108752510", "2151628900", "2171665129", "2316954025", "2319393519", "2322318757", "2324114229", "2324534019", "2331120710", "2895183610" ], "abstract": "e mail has changed the policy process in state legislatures because political actors now have a new way to present their message to state legislators what little research has been conducted on this topic examines e mail communication generally and does not compare results by policy actor using an original survey of state legislators in eight states we test for systematic effects of variables on general e mail views and for effects specific to particular policy actors we find that legislators have a nuanced approach to e mail usage in the policy process with their assessment of its impact differing significantly for constituents intermediary groups and policy insiders only gender consistently shapes legislators beliefs about e mail with all groups but institutional features legislator characteristics and legislator beliefs shape views on e mail with different target groups clearly legislators are attuned to the audience communicating via e mail and they value e mail with each group differently", "title_raw": "E-mail Communication and the Policy Process in the State Legislature", "abstract_raw": "E-mail has changed the policy process in state legislatures because political actors now have a new way to present their message to state legislators. What little research has been conducted on this topic examines e-mail communication generally and does not compare results by policy actor. Using an original survey of state legislators in eight states, we test for systematic effects of variables on general e-mail views and for effects specific to particular policy actors. We find that legislators have a nuanced approach to e-mail usage in the policy process with their assessment of its impact differing significantly for constituents, intermediary groups, and policy insiders. Only gender consistently shapes legislators\u2019 beliefs about e-mail with all groups, but institutional features, legislator characteristics, and legislator beliefs shape views on e-mail with different target groups. Clearly, legislators are attuned to the audience communicating via e-mail, and they value e-mail with each group differently." }, { "paper": "2323826161", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2006", "title": "regime change lessons from germany on justice institution building and democracy", "label": [ "48327123", "2779621654", "94625758", "555826173", "3116431", "139621336", "2779111050", "2780093650", "17058734" ], "author": [ "2039545187" ], "reference": [ "604551861", "616325374", "616642123", "1495684589", "1514181982", "1544775013", "1571143319", "1589252624", "1595004497", "1966114254", "1968744458", "1971091929", "1971422542", "1994548969", "1994985878", "2001115648", "2011744324", "2037781743", "2038563845", "2044339595", "2063642677", "2074681742", "2094032982", "2107992979", "2111403856", "2115839923", "2121393013", "2124286628", "2144343081", "2253125439", "2501237623", "3124184881" ], "abstract": "as an instance of externally induced regime change the postwar west german case is both highly exceptional and importantly paradigmatic it is more usefully read as a cautionary tale than as a recipe for future action local circumstances some tied to earlier patterns of social and political development but many produced by the cold war and the particular nature of the nazi dictatorship promoted successful institution building while attenuating postwar pressures for moral clarity the rapid development of strong institutions combined with moral ambiguity on questions touching the nazi past helped build popular support for the new democratic regime west german success in the institutional realm was the result of probably nonreplicable circumstances while frustration in the quest for justice is built into the logic of democratization processes and indeed persists after democratic consolidation has occurred externally engineered democracies are likely to remain a rarity", "title_raw": "Regime Change Lessons from Germany on Justice, Institution Building, and Democracy", "abstract_raw": "As an instance of externally induced regime change, the postwar West German case is both highly exceptional and importantly paradigmatic; it is more usefully read as a cautionary tale than as a recipe for future action. Local circumstances, some tied to earlier patterns of social and political development but many produced by the cold war and the particular nature of the Nazi dictatorship, promoted successful institution building while attenuating postwar pressures for moral clarity. The rapid development of strong institutions, combined with moral ambiguity on questions touching the Nazi past, helped build popular support for the new democratic regime. West German success in the institutional realm was the result of probably nonreplicable circumstances, while frustration in the quest for justice is built into the logic of democratization processes and indeed persists after democratic consolidation has occurred. Externally engineered democracies are likely to remain a rarity." }, { "paper": "1969853139", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2006", "title": "the watchdogs of subsidiarity national parliaments and the logic of arguing in the eu", "label": [ "2776050585", "2779010840", "199539241", "183763965", "83009810", "2777351106", "2779018484" ], "author": [ "2552617493" ], "reference": [ "1530735415", "1562526918", "1573805585", "2021944891", "2046453842", "2073051257", "2115239379", "2115364763", "2159691769", "2160335223", "2164009780", "2796760097", "2972655910" ], "abstract": "the 2004 constitutional treaty features an early warning system ews in which national parliaments will scrutinize european legislative proposals to assess whether they comply with the principle of subsidiarity in constructivist terms this procedure effectively sets up the commission and the national parliaments as interlocutors in an argument over when and how the eu should legislate at a minimum this system which should be expanded to include proportionality will alleviate the democratic deficit by enhancing the parliamentary scrutiny of eu legislation if it works well it will improve the subsidiarity compliance of eu legislation and produce a clearer substantive definition of the principle", "title_raw": "The Watchdogs of Subsidiarity: National Parliaments and the Logic of Arguing in the EU*", "abstract_raw": "The 2004 Constitutional Treaty features an \u2018early warning system\u2019 (EWS) in which national parliaments will scrutinize European legislative proposals to assess whether they comply with the principle of subsidiarity. In constructivist terms, this procedure effectively sets up the Commission and the national parliaments as interlocutors in an argument over when and how the EU should legislate. At a minimum, this system \u2013 which should be expanded to include proportionality \u2013 will alleviate the \u2018democratic deficit\u2019 by enhancing the parliamentary scrutiny of EU legislation. If it works well, it will improve the subsidiarity compliance of EU legislation and produce a clearer substantive definition of the principle." }, { "paper": "3125659498", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2006", "title": "the role of political ideology in the structural design of new governance agencies", "label": [ "94625758", "86532276", "158071213", "2780224610", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2092558081" ], "reference": [ "306181100", "567565414", "585979361", "630862911", "879340561", "1487897776", "1524484048", "1536948983", "1581694436", "1595880849", "1919343167", "1924861851", "1932624163", "1968139460", "1971301429", "1975583837", "1998576834", "2009253714", "2015890179", "2020777503", "2022972753", "2061591872", "2081491959", "2082493367", "2094647264", "2095229997", "2096536821", "2104874918", "2110133257", "2112793359", "2122378645", "2137441478", "2153583656", "2154828947", "2162784482", "2164540423", "2169417293", "2169801452", "2317287557", "2317333470", "2484340992", "2487846220", "2594368031", "3121150915", "3122469020", "3123668068", "3125554979", "3125997015", "3127488876" ], "abstract": "this paper employs theories of structural politics and delegation to develop a set of propositions about the legislative delegation of authority to quasi governmental entities known as quangos legislators have incentives to condition their choice of structure for an organization charged with implementing policy on their own political attitudes toward good government the quasi independence of quangos provides credibility for legislators to commit to a process that takes policy making out of their hands while creating a structure that increases the likelihood of achieving their policy goals theoretical implications are empirically examined using data on the financial autonomy of dutch public bodies the results support the argument that it is important to consider politicians ideologies directly in governance studies because they form the key component of structural politics", "title_raw": "The role of political ideology in the structural design of new governance agencies", "abstract_raw": "This paper employs theories of structural politics and delegation to develop a set of propositions about the legislative delegation of authority to quasi-governmental entities, known as \u201cquangos.\u201d Legislators have incentives to condition their choice of structure for an organization charged with implementing policy on their own political attitudes toward \u201cgood government.\u201d The quasi-independence of quangos provides credibility for legislators to commit to a process that takes policy making out of their hands while creating a structure that increases the likelihood of achieving their policy goals. Theoretical implications are empirically examined using data on the financial autonomy of Dutch public bodies. The results support the argument that it is important to consider politicians\u2019 ideologies directly in governance studies because they form the key component of structural politics." }, { "paper": "1997272036", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2006", "title": "the dynamic consequences of nonvoting in american national elections", "label": [ "520049643", "555826173", "3116431", "2781046721", "2776359362", "94625758", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2169732378", "2043846414", "287989619" ], "reference": [ "645974420", "1504854090", "1521934078", "1535553465", "1967946954", "1974305747", "1975356268", "1988323515", "2016320305", "2031340404", "2067440292", "2075923104", "2080542487", "2085938152", "2099090901", "2106342120", "2122600504", "2125202429", "2131230565", "2132064746", "2147384274", "2154862029", "2164252669", "2164540423", "2171633346", "2318364756", "2319131327", "2320129069", "2323339254", "2328979533", "2332664568" ], "abstract": "a growing body of work examines the consequences of unequal participation in american democracy for electoral outcomes however this scholarship has ignored the potential impact of unequal voting for the quality of dynamic representation in the american political system using data from the general social survey gss we examine the dynamic relationship between the policy preferences of voters and nonvoters in the american electorate further we assess how unequal participation and the incentives that it may give to policymaking elites may moderate the relationship between the mass public and policy outcomes our analysis reveals that the policy preferences of voters and nonvoters respond in similar ways to the political and economic environment in addition we find no evidence that national policymaking elites are differentially responsive to changes in the preferences of voters and nonvoters", "title_raw": "The Dynamic Consequences of Nonvoting in American National Elections", "abstract_raw": "A growing body of work examines the consequences of unequal participation in American democracy for electoral outcomes. However, this scholarship has ignored the potential impact of unequal voting for the quality of dynamic representation in the American political system. Using data from the General Social Survey (GSS), we examine the dynamic relationship between the policy preferences of voters and nonvoters in the American electorate. Further, we assess how unequal participation\u2014and the incentives that it may give to policymaking elites\u2014may moderate the relationship between the mass public and policy outcomes. Our analysis reveals that the policy preferences of voters and nonvoters respond in similar ways to the political and economic environment. In addition, we find no evidence that national policymaking elites are differentially responsive to changes in the preferences of voters and nonvoters." }, { "paper": "1971354053", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2006", "title": "disease surveillance needs a revolution", "label": [ "2779473830", "46578552" ], "author": [ "2126046128" ], "reference": [ "1494134012", "1543598390", "1972116634", "2014272153", "2023522960" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Disease surveillance needs a revolution", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2011515928", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2006", "title": "the new modes of governance and political authority in europe", "label": [ "3116431", "184356942", "189261614", "154482161" ], "author": [ "2123806834", "2666311983" ], "reference": [ "585979361", "1853427563", "1998735627", "2022223016", "2026341460", "2033810180", "2097141731", "2127061269", "2130407257", "2131962461", "2143973872", "2149455521", "2169015457", "2233272081", "2797921598" ], "abstract": "the subject of this symposium is the new modes of governance that arose within the european union eu during the 1990s these modes include benchmarking mainstreaming best practices and the ope", "title_raw": "The new modes of governance and political authority in Europe", "abstract_raw": "The subject of this symposium is the new modes of governance that arose within the European Union (EU) during the 1990s. These modes include benchmarking, mainstreaming, best practices, and the ope..." }, { "paper": "2084687263", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2006", "title": "the politics of minor concerns american indian policy and congressional dynamicsby charles c turner", "label": [ "94625758", "2779760435" ], "author": [ "2239028041" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Minor Concerns: American Indian Policy and Congressional Dynamicsby Charles C. Turner", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1985217898", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2006", "title": "the big red machine how the liberal party dominates canadian politics", "label": [ "94625758", "547727832", "199539241", "2777652736" ], "author": [ "2603382737" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Big Red Machine: How the Liberal Party Dominates Canadian Politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2093026482", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2006", "title": "the uk s public health paradox", "label": [ "46578552", "47344431", "147859227", "193395930", "113807197", "185618831" ], "author": [ "2650348779" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The UK's public health paradox.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122429357", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2006", "title": "procedural control of the bureaucracy peer review and epistemic drift", "label": [ "94625758", "148834064", "51575053" ], "author": [ "2200392496", "49381606" ], "reference": [ "142534460", "356443298", "631831755", "1221512560", "1509080340", "1539611574", "1544049146", "1859965489", "1915175192", "1919343167", "1968917922", "1974237994", "1981314212", "1982066019", "1993114521", "2005782237", "2016488024", "2030552375", "2041798914", "2063616568", "2072604702", "2080554424", "2082519549", "2091370421", "2111931554", "2115411156", "2123831532", "2135488708", "2167833284", "2169652144", "2263260097", "2319647851", "2331046458", "2333983184", "2334283411", "2766655003", "2797313131", "3140767104" ], "abstract": "regulatory peer review in which independent scientists comment on the technical underpinnings of proposed regulations is a recently pursued form of political control of the bureaucracy this article situates regulatory peer review in the context of both the history of technical advice to government and the principal agent perspective often used to explain the presence of administrative procedures much of the academic discussion of attempts to influence bureaucratic decision making has utilized principal agent theory we introduce two novel concepts to accommodate regulatory peer review into the principal agent framework the first is technocracy where the preferences of technical experts displace public preferences the second is epistemic drift a change in embodied knowledge that contributes to departures from the policy intentions of an enacting coalition of policy makers in addition to introducing these concepts we argue that regulatory peer review is more complex than other administrative procedures and that its efficacy critically depends on the details of its implementation we hypothesize that regulatory peer review will cause nongovernmental participants in regulatory conflicts to devote more effort to creating research and other epistemic resources but we also hypothesize that just as courts have become more politicized with their role in regulatory policy peer review and regulatory science will become increasingly politicized as well", "title_raw": "Procedural control of the bureaucracy, peer review, and epistemic drift", "abstract_raw": "Regulatory peer review\u2014in which independent scientists comment on the technical underpinnings of proposed regulations\u2014is a recently pursued form of political control of the bureaucracy. This article situates regulatory peer review in the context of both the history of technical advice to government and the principal-agent perspective often used to explain the presence of administrative procedures. Much of the academic discussion of attempts to influence bureaucratic decision making has utilized principal-agent theory. We introduce two novel concepts to accommodate regulatory peer review into the principal-agent framework. The first is \u2018\u2018technocracy\u2019\u2019 where the preferences of technical experts displace public preferences. The second is \u2018\u2018epistemic drift,\u2019\u2019 a change in embodied knowledge that contributes to departures from the policy intentions of an enacting coalition of policy makers. In addition to introducing these concepts, we argue that regulatory peer review is more complex than other administrative procedures and that its efficacy critically depends on the details of its implementation. We hypothesize that regulatory peer review will cause nongovernmental participants in regulatory conflicts to devote more effort to creating research and other epistemic resources. But we also hypothesize that, just as courts have become more politicized with their role in regulatory policy, peer review and regulatory science will become increasingly politicized as well." }, { "paper": "2021602731", "venue": "130750583", "year": "2006", "title": "climate protection for sustainable development or sustainable development for climate protection a case study from india", "label": [ "64476972", "552854447" ], "author": [ "2477759359" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Climate protection for sustainable development or sustainable development for climate protection? A case study from India", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1983620022", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2006", "title": "diplomats without a flag the institutionalization of the delegations of the commission in african caribbean and pacific countries", "label": [ "164429055", "51575053", "2776742560", "2776034101", "151719136", "3116431" ], "author": [ "1426528159", "2037237708" ], "reference": [ "91655458", "166785334", "2018837199", "2022231208", "2070677020", "2078805428", "2089322732", "2794146179", "3121686100" ], "abstract": "this article deals with the evolution of the status and role of the delegations of the european commission in africa from the 1960s onwards starting from an institutionalist approach it tries to show to what extent this evolution reflects the bureaucratization of the external service in the weberian sense of a rational and professional civil service in parallel with that of the administration of the commission as a whole it envisages the current reform of the external service as a new step in the construction of a mature european bureaucracy 2006 blackwell publishing ltd", "title_raw": "Diplomats Without a Flag: The Institutionalization of the Delegations of the Commission in African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries*", "abstract_raw": "This article deals with the evolution of the status and role of the delegations of the European Commission in Africa from the 1960s onwards. Starting from an institutionalist approach, it tries to show to what extent this evolution reflects the bureaucratization of the external service (in the Weberian sense of a rational and professional civil service) in parallel with that of the administration of the Commission as a whole. It envisages the current reform of the external service as a new step in the construction of a mature European bureaucracy. \u00a9 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd." }, { "paper": "2077014359", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2006", "title": "internationalization of curricula in higher education institutions in comparative perspectives case studies of china japan and the netherlands", "label": [ "47177190", "2779011557", "191935318", "120912362", "134819137" ], "author": [ "2119419287" ], "reference": [ "607423032", "1577290583", "2095429068", "2144241101" ], "abstract": "this article discusses the major issues and character of internationalization of curricula in higher education institutions in recent years in three non english speaking countries china japan and the netherlands by making a comparative analysis of curricula provided for international students and curricula with international subjects perspectives or approach offered in both english and the local language the author examines development and character of internationalized curricula in the three countries describes the similarities and different aspects of how the three countries internationalized their university curricula and met the needs of different regions and social economic and higher education systems", "title_raw": "Internationalization of curricula in higher education institutions in comparative perspectives : Case studies of China, Japan, and The Netherlands", "abstract_raw": "This article discusses the major issues and character of internationalization of curricula in higher education institutions in recent years in three non-English-speaking countries \u2013 China, Japan and The Netherlands. By making a comparative analysis of curricula provided for international students and curricula with international subjects, perspectives or approach offered in both English and the local language, the author examines development and character of internationalized curricula in the three countries, describes the similarities and different aspects of how the three countries internationalized their university curricula and met the needs of different regions and social, economic and higher education systems." }, { "paper": "2117704328", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2006", "title": "political parties and terrorist groups and religious fundamentalism and political extremism", "label": [ "81307892", "94625758", "2780789983", "199539241", "96756911", "203133693", "201342494" ], "author": [ "2324606976" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "political parties and terrorist groups by leonard weinberg and ami pedahzur new york and london routledge 2003 179p 125 religious fundamentalism and political extremism edited by leonard weinberg and ami pedahzur london and portland or frank cass 2004 178p 115 cloth 37 79 paper two decades ago christopher hitchens denounced the use of the label terrorist as a medusa s head which unveiled would turn all discussion into stone whisk whisk and there goes history there goes inquiry there goes proportion wanton acts of usage harper s september 1986 p 68 perhaps most social concepts embedded as they are in wider communities of shared meaning beyond the arena of scholarly discourse prove susceptible to rhetorical corruption as they become weapons of political denigration the degradation of the concept of terrorism however seems especially severe add religious fundamentalism into the discourse and our expectations sink even further", "title_raw": "Political Parties and Terrorist Groups and Religious Fundamentalism and Political Extremism", "abstract_raw": "Political Parties and Terrorist Groups. By Leonard Weinberg and Ami Pedahzur. New York and London: Routledge, 2003. 179p. $125. Religious Fundamentalism and Political Extremism. Edited by Leonard Weinberg and Ami Pedahzur. London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2004. 178p. $115 cloth, $37.79 paper. Two decades ago, Christopher Hitchens denounced the use of the label \u201cterrorist\u201d as a Medusa's head, which unveiled would \u201cturn all discussion into stone\u2026. Whisk, whisk \u2026 and there goes history, there goes inquiry, there goes proportion\u201d (\u201cWanton Acts of Usage,\u201d Harper's, September 1986, p. 68). Perhaps most social concepts, embedded as they are in wider communities of shared meaning beyond the arena of scholarly discourse, prove susceptible to rhetorical corruption as they become weapons of political denigration. The degradation of the concept of terrorism, however, seems especially severe. Add religious fundamentalism into the discourse, and our expectations sink even further." }, { "paper": "2094063505", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2006", "title": "the new imperial presidency renewing presidential power after watergateby andrew rudalevige", "label": [ "2776051254", "197487636", "2781243023" ], "author": [ "2318507380" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The New Imperial Presidency: Renewing Presidential Power after Watergateby Andrew Rudalevige", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2075816399", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "clouds of silence", "label": [ "2781164112", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1893168251" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the chair of the house science committee has criticized nasa for what he sees as its heavy handed treatment of james hansen director of nasa s goddard institute for space studies in new york city a longtime voice on the dangers of global warming good science cannot long persist in an atmosphere of intimidation says representative sherwood boehlert r ny in a letter to nasa administrator michael griffin sent this week after news reports that the agency is trying to muzzle hansen nasa is clearly doing something wrong wrote boehlert nasa officials insist that all agency employees are subject to the same rules and that hansen is not being singled out", "title_raw": "Clouds of Silence", "abstract_raw": "The chair of the House Science Committee has criticized NASA for what he sees as its heavy-handed treatment of James Hansen, director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City, a longtime voice on the dangers of global warming. \u201cGood science cannot long persist in an atmosphere of intimidation,\u201d says Representative Sherwood Boehlert (R-NY) in a letter to NASA Administrator Michael Griffin sent this week after news reports that the agency is trying to muzzle Hansen. \u201cNASA is clearly doing something wrong,\u201d wrote Boehlert. NASA officials insist that all agency employees are subject to the same rules, and that Hansen is not being singled out." }, { "paper": "2007245110", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2006", "title": "rethinking redistricting how drawing uncompetitive districts eliminates gerrymanders enhances representation and improves attitudes toward congress", "label": [ "2776398702", "83009810", "2778477362", "2777094542", "158071213", "2780849931", "94625758", "3116431", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2195486685" ], "reference": [ "225216842", "1520329473", "1750477144", "1967154577", "1969142226", "1969412433", "1978729290", "2019042906", "2023362085", "2046782908", "2139459315", "2150403403", "2151949046", "2161021309", "2164540423", "2314543930", "2318662064", "2321442717", "2325756417", "3121326302", "3125619035" ], "abstract": "in every contested election there are inevitably winners and losers both among the candidates and among the voters some candidates will take their seats as elected officials and others will not some voters will be happy with the outcome others will not here i seek to better understand the relationship between whether a voter casts a ballot for the winning candidate in u s house elections and that voter s evaluations of her representative i build on a burgeoning literature on the relationship between voters and their elected governments to derive and test a theory about this connection the data will show that voters whose preferred candidate wins a seat in the house of representatives are systematically happier with their representative than those voters whom did not vote for the winning candidate while this finding is not especially groundbreaking the implications for the way in which we draw congressional and state legislative district lines are quite provocative specifically since district lines in the house are necessarily an artificial construct i argue that map makers ought to pack districts with as many like minded partisans as possible trying to draw competitive districts effectively cracks ideologically congruent voters into separate districts which has the effect of increasing the absolute number of voters who will be unhappy with the outcome and dissatisfied with their representative i discuss the benefits of fundamentally rethinking the way in which we draw congressional and state legislative districts as well as address likely concerns that might be raised about drawing districts this way i would like to thank jim adams valerie brunell bruce cain geoff evans bill koetzle bernie grofman sam hirsch michael d mcdonald iain mclean sam merrill glenn phelps david rueda alec stone sweet chris wlezian and the politics group at nuffield college for their comments", "title_raw": "Rethinking redistricting: How drawing uncompetitive districts eliminates gerrymanders, enhances representation, and improves attitudes toward congress", "abstract_raw": "In every contested election there are inevitably winners and losers, both among the candidates and among the voters. Some candidates will take their seats as elected officials, and others will not. Some voters will be happy with the outcome, others will not. Here I seek to better understand the relationship between whether a voter casts a ballot for the winning candidate in U.S. House elections and that voter's evaluations of her representative. I build on a burgeoning literature on the relationship between voters and their elected governments to derive and test a theory about this connection. The data will show that voters whose preferred candidate wins a seat in the House of Representatives are systematically happier with their representative than those voters whom did not vote for the winning candidate. While this finding is not especially groundbreaking, the implications for the way in which we draw congressional and state legislative district lines are quite provocative. Specifically, since district lines in the House are necessarily an artificial construct, I argue that map makers ought to \u201cpack\u201d districts with as many like-minded partisans as possible. Trying to draw \u201ccompetitive districts\u201d effectively cracks ideologically congruent voters into separate districts, which has the effect of increasing the absolute number of voters who will be unhappy with the outcome and dissatisfied with their representative. I discuss the benefits of fundamentally rethinking the way in which we draw congressional and state legislative districts, as well as address likely concerns that might be raised about drawing districts this way. I would like to thank Jim Adams, Valerie Brunell, Bruce Cain, Geoff Evans, Bill Koetzle, Bernie Grofman, Sam Hirsch, Michael D. McDonald, Iain McLean, Sam Merrill, Glenn Phelps, David Rueda, Alec Stone Sweet, Chris Wlezian, and the Politics Group at Nuffield College for their comments." }, { "paper": "2107000475", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2006", "title": "wto obligations as collective", "label": [ "199539241", "2780423727", "2780661485", "2779010840", "2778042224" ], "author": [ "2817361821" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "one view of obligations under the wto agreement is that they are bilateral that is they involve legal obligations between two countries this is premised on the idea that the object of wto obligations is trade according to this view the wto agreement can be considered a bundle of bilateral relations and wto obligations should be analysed pursuant to rules concerning bilateral obligations under the vienna convention on the law of treaties and the articles on state responsibility this article takes a different position it posits that wto obligations are more appropriately regarded as collective because their principal object is the protection of collective expectations about the trade related behaviour of governments these form a common interest over and above the interests of wto member states individually at the same time while expectations may be the treaty s primary concern they are not its sole concern the treaty gives some flexibility to governments to deal with situations actually encountered in the pattern of trade these two functions the protection of expectations and the adjustment to realities combine to produce law in a third mode something that can be termed a law of interdependence this is the tendency of the wto agreement to promote interaction among producers and consumers in different countries and thereby to spin an indissoluble web of economic relations that goes beyond the interests of wto members individually for this reason the wto agreement can be thought of as a collective undertaking and wto obligations are more appropriately analysed under vclt and asr rules on collective obligations", "title_raw": "WTO Obligations as Collective", "abstract_raw": "One view of obligations under the WTO Agreement is that they are bilateral, that is, they involve legal obligations between two countries. This is premised on the idea that the object of WTO obligations is 'trade'. According to this view, the WTO Agreement can be considered a 'bundle of bilateral relations' and WTO obligations should be analysed pursuant to rules concerning bilateral obligations under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the Articles on State Responsibility. This article takes a different position. It posits that WTO obligations are more appropriately regarded as collective because their principal object is the protection of collective expectations about the trade-related behaviour of governments. These form a common interest over and above the interests of WTO Member States individually. At the same time, while expectations may be the treaty's primary concern, they are not its sole concern. The treaty gives some flexibility to governments to deal with situations actually encountered in the pattern of trade. These two functions - the protection of expectations and the adjustment to realities - combine to produce law in a third mode, something that can be termed a law of interdependence. This is the tendency of the WTO Agreement to promote interaction among producers and consumers in different countries, and thereby to spin an indissoluble web of economic relations that goes beyond the interests of WTO Members individually. For this reason, the WTO Agreement can be thought of as a collective undertaking and WTO obligations are more appropriately analysed under VCLT and ASR rules on collective obligations." }, { "paper": "2063696471", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2006", "title": "rising to the challenge china s grand strategy and international securityby avery goldstein", "label": [ "191935318", "3116431", "172002799" ], "author": [ "2715680016" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rising to the Challenge: China's Grand Strategy and International Securityby Avery Goldstein", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122217479", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2006", "title": "the current landscape of race old targets new opportunities", "label": [ "2778613316", "2776526686", "2778325511", "71043370", "2778061430", "199539241", "139838865" ], "author": [ "2135485182" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Current Landscape of Race: Old Targets, New Opportunities", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2358585532", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2006", "title": "an experiment of modern chinese urban planning review of the 1935 qingdao urban plan project its backgrounds contents and historical significance", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2497428344" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the 1935 qingdao urban plan project is the first master plan working out by chinese planers it is also an important experiment of modern urban planning in modern china this project was the result both of the unique progress of china and the development of the city itself based on the first hand historical materials the paper gives a comprehensive review of the plan its main contents advanced ideas and limitations we can conclude that the 1935 qingdao urban plan project is an typical case reflected the attitude of chinese to modern urban planning changed from the passive acceptance to active implement and through which representing the urban planning trajectory in modern china", "title_raw": "An experiment of Modern Chinese urban planning\u2014\u2014Review of the 1935' Qingdao urban plan project,its backgrounds, contents, and historical significance", "abstract_raw": "The 1935' Qingdao Urban Plan Project is the first master plan working-out by Chinese planers. It is also an important experiment of modern urban planning in modern China. This Project was the result both of the unique progress of China and the development of the city itself. Based on the first-hand historical materials, the paper gives a comprehensive review of the plan: its main contents, advanced ideas, and limitations. We can conclude that the 1935' Qingdao Urban Plan Project is an typical case reflected the attitude of Chinese to modern urban planning changed from the passive acceptance to active implement and through which representing the urban planning trajectory in modern China." }, { "paper": "1507734346", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "bandwagon builds for energy research", "label": [ "52416528", "83009810" ], "author": [ "91872485" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "u s innovationinfluential washington policymakers have decided that bolstering u s technical know how and tackling energy challenges should go hand in hand their solutions are featured in a series of recent legislative proposals read more 1 1 http www sciencemag org cgi content full 311 5761 594b", "title_raw": "Bandwagon Builds for Energy Research", "abstract_raw": "U.S. INNOVATIONInfluential Washington policymakers have decided that bolstering U.S. technical know-how and tackling energy challenges should go hand in hand. Their solutions are featured in a series of recent legislative proposals. ([Read more][1].)\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/311/5761/594b" }, { "paper": "2055392389", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2006", "title": "thicker than oil america s uneasy partnership with saudi arabiaby rachel bronson", "label": [ "71750763" ], "author": [ "2297481555" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Thicker than Oil: America's Uneasy Partnership with Saudi Arabiaby Rachel Bronson", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2738529875", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2006", "title": "the dominion and the rising sun", "label": [ "2778787019" ], "author": [ "2629457207" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Dominion and the Rising Sun", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2066655243", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2006", "title": "crimes of the holocaust the law confronts hard cases review", "label": [ "110361221", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2663001725" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Crimes of the Holocaust: The Law Confronts Hard Cases (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2010153614", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2006", "title": "authoritarian attitudes democracy and policy preferences among latin american elites", "label": [ "19159745", "2776051254", "2775987171", "95389739", "68346564", "2779372758", "158886217", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2985954487", "122505745", "2166091879" ], "reference": [ "84771590", "148167203", "172899443", "650864391", "654710005", "1485218864", "1494948774", "1557941775", "1698185664", "1967400205", "1967430235", "1968286727", "1971173011", "1974636409", "1977015532", "1980207040", "1982210139", "1992557239", "1993330971", "1999813808", "2001293153", "2001363630", "2002918627", "2005141084", "2005601633", "2008707618", "2011563777", "2020917353", "2022902198", "2032203426", "2034286670", "2041554219", "2050580556", "2054643686", "2055206274", "2057002310", "2063492479", "2063939534", "2063948549", "2068370029", "2070228348", "2079186068", "2099697766", "2101665998", "2117963689", "2126007183", "2128665302", "2132179358", "2150067146", "2151114838", "2157979842", "2179683524", "2312819395", "2315033669", "2324720736", "2328189163", "2332824405", "2333303961", "2782856668", "2783523586", "2800728864" ], "abstract": "this article examines the prevalence and consequences of authoritarian attitudes among elites in argentina brazil chile colombia mexico and venezuela we focus on the connection between antidemocratic elite attitudes and support for democracy the causes and effects of authoritarian attitudes among elites and their implications for authoritarianism and the impact of authoritarian attitudes beyond social policy preferences to other policy areas that have indirect implications for order contrary to some of the literature we find that antidemocratic attitudes affect elites support for democracy our analysis also speaks to the debate on the origins of authoritarianism much of the evidence supports altemeyer s notion that perceived threat raises levels of authoritarianism rather than feldman s contention that threat strengthens the influence of authoritarian attitudes finally we demonstrate that there is a broader influence of authoritarian attitudes on economic policy preferences but only where those policies appear to have implications for social order it can intimidate politicians journalists and religious leaders who might otherwise oppose repression it can elect a dictator into office as it did most notably in germany in 1933 it can encourage a bold illegal grab for power as it did in italy in 1922 and has violently done in so many other places since altemeyer 1996 8", "title_raw": "Authoritarian Attitudes, Democracy, and Policy Preferences among Latin American Elites", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the prevalence and consequences of authoritarian attitudes among elites in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. We focus on the connection between antidemocratic elite attitudes and support for democracy; the causes and effects of authoritarian attitudes among elites and their implications for authoritarianism; and the impact of authoritarian attitudes beyond social policy preferences to other policy areas that have indirect implications for order. Contrary to some of the literature, we find that antidemocratic attitudes affect elites\u2019 support for democracy. Our analysis also speaks to the debate on the origins of authoritarianism. Much of the evidence supports Altemeyer\u2019s notion that perceived threat raises levels of authoritarianism, rather than Feldman\u2019s contention that threat strengthens the influence of authoritarian attitudes. Finally, we demonstrate that there is a broader influence of authoritarian attitudes on economic policy preferences, but only where those policies appear to have implications for social order. It can intimidate politicians, journalists, and religious leaders who might otherwise oppose repression. It can elect a dictator into office, as it did most notably in Germany in 1933. It can encourage a bold, illegal grab for power, as it did in Italy in 1922, and has violently done in so many other places since. (Altemeyer 1996, 8)" }, { "paper": "2154605256", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2006", "title": "closing the books transitional justice in historical perspective", "label": [ "2778775528", "2779621654" ], "author": [ "2670010875" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Closing the Books: Transitional Justice in Historical Perspective", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2367030283", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2006", "title": "the analysis of the harmony development between peasant workers and city from the absence of citizenship treatment", "label": [ "2779220025", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2663183392" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "for a long time the absence of citizenship treatment seriously effect the survival and the development of peasant workers and also effect the process of urbanization and the construction of harmony society this issue analyze the situation of the absent of the absent of citizenship treatment and the reason giving citizenship treatment to peasant workers point that we should give citizenship treatment to peasant workers to promote the harmony development between peasant workers and city", "title_raw": "The analysis of the harmony development between peasant workers and city from the absence of citizenship treatment", "abstract_raw": "For a long time, the absence of citizenship treatment seriously effect the survival and the development of peasant workers, and also effect the process of urbanization and the construction of harmony society. This issue analyze the situation of the absent of the absent of citizenship treatment and the reason giving citizenship treatment to peasant workers, point that we should give citizenship treatment to peasant workers to promote the harmony development between peasant workers and city." }, { "paper": "2159387911", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2006", "title": "maybe it is time to rediscover bureaucracy", "label": [ "148834064", "51575053", "94625758", "17022365", "2780510313", "158071213", "2776742560", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2131833453" ], "reference": [ "27930607", "69864347", "388525026", "574799715", "575198513", "579629586", "590467027", "608760405", "619901243", "631414408", "643389875", "649785016", "1481449321", "1489050984", "1511128957", "1513956118", "1524484048", "1528306748", "1541895854", "1548856973", "1566447476", "1587828111", "1589654640", "1593624018", "1830020409", "1874111449", "1950785596", "1970262129", "1971849557", "1973071811", "1980582871", "1980685039", "1985546364", "1995312609", "1997471271", "2007594419", "2012009999", "2021366312", "2025500675", "2026145369", "2026870787", "2036518697", "2037482712", "2039206809", "2040143644", "2043234688", "2043679375", "2061818691", "2065967525", "2066953573", "2068338697", "2070921027", "2073880092", "2078495311", "2082436063", "2089174700", "2092941460", "2092981632", "2097809632", "2098196715", "2107156414", "2107596810", "2107986666", "2108401324", "2114304194", "2116588283", "2117069841", "2119123462", "2127375137", "2137466112", "2140409505", "2158266239", "2161189580", "2165126965", "2165494406", "2169375403", "2237268540", "2237445554", "2252919021", "2288766607", "2315345546", "2315819270", "2317438488", "2319178948", "2330739752", "2332111503", "2335412363", "2486595158", "2486914237", "2491928824", "2500018607", "2510216829", "2523966773", "2732605335", "2795386136", "2798006897", "2805062595", "2889093492", "2990971266", "3028486165", "3141218624", "3184701860" ], "abstract": "this article questions the fashionable ideas that bureaucratic organization is an obsolescent undesirable and non viable form of administration and that there is an inevitable and irreversible paradigmatic shift towards marketor network organization in contrast the paper argues that contemporary democracies are involved in another round in a perennial debate and ideological struggle over what are desirable forms of administration and government that is a struggle over institutional identities and institutional balances the argument is not that bureaucratic organization is a panacea and the answer to all challenges of public administration rather bureaucratic organization is part of a repertoire of overlapping supplementary and competing forms coexisting in contemporary democracies and so are market organization and network organization rediscovering weber s analysis of bureaucratic organization then enriches our understanding of public administration this is in particular true when we a include bureaucracy as an institution not only an instrument b look at the empirical studies in their time and context not only at weber s ideal types and predictions and c take into account the political and normative order bureaucracy is part of not only the internal characteristics of the bureau making sense of public administration is bureaucracy an organizational dinosaur helplessly involved in its death struggle is it an undesirable and nonviable form of administration developed in a legalistic and authoritarian society and now inevitably withering away because it is incompatible with complex individualistic and dynamic societies are therefore the term bureaucracy and the theoretical ideas and empirical observations associated with it irrelevant or deceptive when it comes to making sense of public administration and government in contemporary democracies or are the mobilization of antibureaucratic sentiments and the claim that it is time to say good bye to bureaucracies and bureaucrats just another round in a perennial debate and ideological struggle over what desirable forms of administration and government are that an earlier version of this article was presented as a keynote speech at the ninth international congress of centro lationoamericano de administracion para el desarrollo clad on state and public administration reform madrid 4 november 2004 the original version will be printed in spanish in revista del clad reforma y democracia caracas i thank h george frederickson robert e goodin morten egeberg james g march jon pierre christopher pollitt r a w rhodes ulf i sverdrup and hellmut wollmann for constructive comments address correspondence to the author at j p olsen arena uio no doi 10 1093 jopart mui027 advance access publication on march 1 2005 journal of public administration research and theory a 2005 journal of public administration research and theory inc all rights reserved jpart 16 1 24", "title_raw": "Maybe it is time to rediscover bureaucracy", "abstract_raw": "This article questions the fashionable ideas that bureaucratic organization is an obsolescent, undesirable, and non-viable form of administration and that there is an inevitable and irreversible paradigmatic shift towards marketor network-organization. In contrast, the paper argues that contemporary democracies are involved in another round in a perennial debate and ideological struggle over what are desirable forms of administration and government: that is, a struggle over institutional identities and institutional balances. The argument is not that bureaucratic organization is a panacea and the answer to all challenges of public administration. Rather, bureaucratic organization is part of a repertoire of overlapping, supplementary, and competing forms coexisting in contemporary democracies, and so are market-organization and network-organization. Rediscovering Weber\u2019s analysis of bureaucratic organization, then, enriches our understanding of public administration. This is in particular true when we (a) include bureaucracy as an institution, not only an instrument; (b) look at the empirical studies in their time and context, not only at Weber\u2019s ideal-types and predictions; and (c) take into account the political and normative order bureaucracy is part of, not only the internal characteristics of \u2018\u2018the bureau.\u2019\u2019 MAKING SENSE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Is \u2018\u2018bureaucracy\u2019\u2019 an organizational dinosaur helplessly involved in its death struggle? Is it an undesirable and nonviable form of administration developed in a legalistic and authoritarian society and now inevitably withering away because it is incompatible with complex, individualistic, and dynamic societies? Are, therefore, the term bureaucracy and the theoretical ideas and empirical observations associated with it, irrelevant or deceptive when it comes to making sense of public administration and government in contemporary democracies? Or are the mobilization of antibureaucratic sentiments and the claim that it is time to say good-bye to bureaucracies and bureaucrats just another round in a perennial debate and ideological struggle over what desirable forms of administration and government are\u2014that An earlier version of this article was presented as a keynote speech at the Ninth International Congress of Centro Lationoamericano de Administracion Para el Desarrollo (CLAD) on State and Public Administration Reform, Madrid, 4 November 2004. The original version will be printed in Spanish in Revista del CLAD Reforma y Democracia (Caracas). I thank H. George Frederickson, Robert E. Goodin, Morten Egeberg, James G. March, Jon Pierre, Christopher Pollitt, R. A. W. Rhodes, Ulf I. Sverdrup, and Hellmut Wollmann for constructive comments. Address correspondence to the author at j.p.olsen@arena.uio.no. doi:10.1093/jopart/mui027 Advance Access publication on March 1, 2005 Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory a 2005 Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Inc.; all rights reserved. JPART 16:1\u201324" }, { "paper": "1964065495", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2006", "title": "constructing civil liberties discontinuities in the development of american constitutional law", "label": [ "520455953", "177986884", "199539241", "18650270", "149209484", "2775923278" ], "author": [ "1994301407" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Constructing Civil Liberties: Discontinuities in the Development of American Constitutional Law", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1996449417", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2006", "title": "new state spaces urban governance and the rescaling of statehoodnew state spaces urban governance and the rescaling of statehood by brennerneil new york oxford university press 2004 372 pp 24 95 paper isbn 24 95", "label": [ "3116431", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2102881813" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "New State Spaces: Urban Governance and the Rescaling of StatehoodNew State Spaces: Urban Governance and the Rescaling of Statehood, by BrennerNeil. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 372 pp. $24.95 paper. ISBN: 24.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122030755", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2006", "title": "eggshell victims private precautions and the societal benefits of shifting crime", "label": [ "2780714801", "2778203169", "536738050", "2777363581", "2776348852" ], "author": [ "39150359" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "\"Eggshell\" Victims, Private Precautions, and the Societal Benefits of Shifting Crime", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2082869937", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2006", "title": "ecology spying on nature", "label": [ "558872910" ], "author": [ "683942475" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the biggest project in the history of ecology is nearing its dawn can its organizers pull off the seemingly impossible and unite a disparate field behind its vision to observe the ecosystems of the united states michael hopkin reports", "title_raw": "Ecology: Spying on nature", "abstract_raw": "The biggest project in the history of ecology is nearing its dawn. Can its organizers pull off the seemingly impossible and unite a disparate field behind its vision to observe the ecosystems of the United States? Michael Hopkin reports." }, { "paper": "3125503099", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2006", "title": "does quality matter challengers in state supreme court elections", "label": [ "555826173", "148834064", "94625758", "2909001134" ], "author": [ "2236250071", "1975239608" ], "reference": [ "630507098", "630562019", "1497013238", "1501971629", "1968705135", "1968977679", "1979264658", "1980326013", "1981220665", "1986004541", "1988595105", "1990377635", "1997079454", "1997148446", "2003137207", "2006516415", "2006885921", "2016322903", "2019965095", "2029959824", "2034293871", "2041108440", "2043772080", "2045929436", "2046782908", "2047797308", "2048299358", "2052474424", "2079392111", "2081020279", "2088823877", "2097081042", "2105532120", "2106643525", "2119501018", "2139122730", "2139167777", "2143373151", "2149414305", "2154514326", "2158997225", "2312616243", "2313761899", "2315125480", "2316180281", "2316786635", "2317085921", "2318436864", "2322894607", "2324220990", "2327171126", "2328212865", "2331353893", "2333947148", "3121479047", "3124169767", "3125110455" ], "abstract": "we assess whether quality challengers in state supreme court elections have a significant impact on the electoral successes of incumbents and whether the electorate seemingly makes candidate based evaluations in these races to address these questions we examine 208 elections to the states highest courts from 1990 through 2000 in the 21 states using partisan or nonpartisan elections to staff their benches from a heckman two stage estimation procedure that takes into account factors influencing challengers decisions to run as well as factors affecting the electorate s choices among candidates we find that quality does matter experienced challengers significantly lessen the electoral security of incumbents and the electorate appears to evaluate challengers qualifications these findings stand in stark relief to traditional notions that the electorate is incapable of responding to candidate stimuli beyond incumbency and that judicial elections inherently are an ineffective means for securing popular control over the bench i n this article we examine the strategies of challengers and the choices of voters to answer a vitally important question about elections to the states highest courts does the quality of challengers have a significant impact on the electoral success of incumbents in other words do challengers with current or previous experience on the bench and thus the ability to represent qualified alternatives to incumbents reduce incumbents vote shares other things being equal from a different perspective we evaluate whether the electorate seemingly has the ability to make candidate based evaluations by distinguishing qualified from unqualified challengers these intriguing though straightforward issues about the importance of candidate quality and the propensities of the electorate have significant theoretical import for illuminating the complex relationship between democratic processes and political institutions as studies of elections to various types of offices have established electoral competition forges observable linkages between citizens and government enhancing the representative function among other things incumbents chosen in relatively competitive races are more likely to defer to their", "title_raw": "Does Quality Matter? Challengers in State Supreme Court Elections", "abstract_raw": "We assess whether quality challengers in state supreme court elections have a significant impact on the electoral successes of incumbents and whether the electorate seemingly makes candidate-based evaluations in these races. To address these questions, we examine 208 elections to the states\u2019 highest courts from 1990 through 2000 in the 21 states using partisan or nonpartisan elections to staff their benches. From a Heckman two-stage estimation procedure that takes into account factors influencing challengers\u2019 decisions to run as well as factors affecting the electorate\u2019s choices among candidates, we find that quality does matter. Experienced challengers significantly lessen the electoral security of incumbents, and the electorate appears to evaluate challengers\u2019 qualifications. These findings stand in stark relief to traditional notions that the electorate is incapable of responding to candidate stimuli beyond incumbency and that judicial elections inherently are an ineffective means for securing popular control over the bench. I n this article, we examine the strategies of challengers and the choices of voters to answer a vitally important question about elections to the states\u2019 highest courts: does the quality of challengers have a significant impact on the electoral success of incumbents. In other words, do challengers with current or previous experience on the bench, and thus the ability to represent qualified alternatives to incumbents, reduce incumbents\u2019 vote shares, other things being equal. From a different perspective, we evaluate whether the electorate seemingly has the ability to make candidate-based evaluations by distinguishing qualified from unqualified challengers. These intriguing though straightforward issues about the importance of candidate quality and the propensities of the electorate have significant theoretical import for illuminating the complex relationship between democratic processes and political institutions. As studies of elections to various types of offices have established, electoral competition forges observable linkages between citizens and government, enhancing the representative function. Among other things, incumbents chosen in relatively competitive races are more likely to defer to their" }, { "paper": "2007185358", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "spanish scientists home alone", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2015438508" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "young spanish researchers are up in arms following recent comments by a government minister who referred to them as postdoctoral and temporary the roughly 2500 scientists most spanish born were lured back to their home country many from tenure track jobs abroad for a fellowship program", "title_raw": "Spanish Scientists: Home Alone", "abstract_raw": "Young Spanish researchers are up in arms following recent comments by a government minister who referred to them as \u201cpostdoctoral and temporary.\u201d The roughly 2500 scientists, most Spanish-born, were lured back to their home country\u2014many from tenure-track jobs abroad\u2014for a fellowship program" }, { "paper": "2314492091", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2006", "title": "tokyo s quandary beijing s moment in the six party talks a regional multilateral approach to resolve the dprk s nuclear problem", "label": [ "2780688348", "7991579", "2778304055", "191935318", "557252395" ], "author": [ "2671789250" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "record of japan s diplomacy in the six party talks spt the sole multilateral mechanism currently in place to directly address north korea s unflagging nuclear ambitions is largely inconspicuous in general discourse on the spt tokyo s position in the process has tended to be marginalized often viewed as washington s henchman in a delicate internal dynamic among the participants japanese insistence on including the abduction issue in the talks agenda at times aroused open criticism by other participants save the united states as unproductive and harmful to the spt process 2 leaving tokyo in a somewhat isolated position given that among the participants japan faces arguably the most direct and serious threat to its security in the event of the spt s failure as it would likely lead to pyongyang becoming a full fledged nuclear power such a subordinate or seemingly obstructionist position appears hardly an optimal option in strategic terms japan s rather unpronounced record in spt diplomacy presents an interesting contrast to that of china it is widely pointed out that china has played an indispensable role in first initiating the spt scheme in 2003 and subsequently maintaining this stumbling and cumbersome process over the past three years beijing garners credit for having played the role of honest", "title_raw": "Tokyo's Quandary, Beijing's Moment in the Six-Party Talks: A Regional Multilateral Approach to Resolve the DPRK's Nuclear Problem", "abstract_raw": "record of Japan's diplomacy in the Six-Party Talks (SPT) , the sole multilateral mechanism currently in place to directly address North Korea's unflagging nuclear ambitions, is largely inconspicuous. In general discourse on the SPT, Tokyo's position in the process has tended to be marginalized, often viewed as Washington's henchman in a delicate internal dynamic among the participants. Japanese insistence on including the abduction issue in the talks' agenda at times aroused open criticism by other participants (save the United States) as \"unproductive\" and \"harmful\" to the SPT process,2 leaving Tokyo in a somewhat isolated position. Given that, among the participants, Japan faces, arguably, the most direct and serious threat to its security in the event of the SPT's failure, as it would likely lead to Pyongyang becoming a full-fledged nuclear power, such a subordinate or seemingly obstructionist position appears hardly an optimal option in strategic terms. Japan's rather unpronounced record in SPT diplomacy presents an interesting contrast to that of China. It is widely pointed out that China has played an indispensable role in, first, initiating the SPT scheme in 2003 and, subsequently, maintaining this stumbling and cumbersome process over the past three years. Beijing garners credit for having played the role of honest" }, { "paper": "2299964559", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2006", "title": "insurgents terrorists and militias the warriors of contemporary combat counterinsurgency and the global war on terror military culture and irregular war afghanistan and the troubled future of unconventional warfare", "label": [ "199539241", "182165825" ], "author": [ "2163428912" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Insurgents, Terrorists, and Militias: The Warriors of Contemporary Combat/Counterinsurgency and the Global War on Terror: Military Culture and Irregular War/Afghanistan and the Troubled Future of Unconventional Warfare", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2079805107", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2006", "title": "imperfect federalism the intergovernmental partnership for homeland security", "label": [ "136810230", "533735693", "94625758", "528167355", "3116431", "506469952", "203133693", "71750763", "79165680" ], "author": [ "1801276475" ], "reference": [ "47515471", "308421097", "339914494", "630360281", "1555498418", "1973121469", "2014278011", "2083742469", "3119731493" ], "abstract": "the terror attacks of september 11 2001 posed a set of security challenges for the nation s cities that the increasingly decentralized federal system was poorly prepared to meet although it was generally agreed that domestic security required a close intergovernmental partnership strong national leadership and support were lacking in creating and guiding this partnership to make matters more difficult political considerations in congress generally trumped the assessment of security risks in the distribution of federal fiscal aid this article explores the strains in the intergovernmental homeland security partnership their causes and efforts to adapt and reform despite some progress toward a more rational public administration of homeland security the partnership still reflects the deficiencies of imperfect federalism", "title_raw": "Imperfect Federalism: The Intergovernmental Partnership for Homeland Security", "abstract_raw": "The terror attacks of September 11, 2001, posed a set of security challenges for the nation\u2019s cities that the increasingly decentralized federal system was poorly prepared to meet. Although it was generally agreed that domestic security required a close intergovernmental partnership, strong national leadership and support were lacking in creating and guiding this partnership. To make matters more difficult, political considerations in Congress generally trumped the assessment of security risks in the distribution of federal fiscal aid. This article explores the strains in the intergovernmental homeland security partnership, their causes, and efforts to adapt and reform. Despite some progress toward a more rational public administration of homeland security, the partnership still reflects the deficiencies of imperfect federalism." }, { "paper": "2088378107", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2006", "title": "disability rights and the american social safety netby jennifer l erkulwater", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "154246868" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Disability Rights and the American Social Safety Netby Jennifer L. Erkulwater", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2575712027", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2006", "title": "framing class media representations of wealth and poverty in america", "label": [ "189326681" ], "author": [ "1804551185" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Framing Class: Media Representations of Wealth and Poverty in America:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2010172644", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2006", "title": "explaining commitment states and the convention against torture", "label": [ "544040105", "169437150", "199539241", "555826173", "2780608745", "2776398702", "186229450", "86615163" ], "author": [ "1930617475", "2155257257" ], "reference": [ "193276848", "218063836", "370591291", "384915158", "437877368", "598654002", "611543575", "625283031", "1552710049", "1570837340", "1571143319", "1584789652", "1595774812", "1604611898", "1996037145", "2003573179", "2004720158", "2019566739", "2043124776", "2051285034", "2057986672", "2064201228", "2065203401", "2070677020", "2079643502", "2083620364", "2093248821", "2096450669", "2103185416", "2105394121", "2118463881", "2119123462", "2133369488", "2142649016", "2162846395", "2164304100", "2800446885", "3121768899", "3122298797", "3123872619", "3124903755" ], "abstract": "why do states commit to international human rights treaties that may limit state sovereignty existing arguments focus on either the fear of domestic democratic instability or on international norms we focus instead on the variation in three kinds of costs that states must pay to commit policy change unintended consequences and limited flexibility we use a discrete time duration model to test all of these explanations on state commitment to the international convention against torture one of the most important international human rights treaties we find strong evidence for the importance of norms and all three types of costs but no evidence supporting state desires to lock in the benefits of democracy in the face of domestic democratic instability", "title_raw": "Explaining Commitment: States and the Convention against Torture", "abstract_raw": "Why do states commit to international human rights treaties that may limit state sovereignty? Existing arguments focus on either the fear of domestic democratic instability or on international norms. We focus instead on the variation in three kinds of costs that states must pay to commit: policy change, unintended consequences, and limited flexibility. We use a discrete time-duration model to test all of these explanations on state commitment to the international Convention Against Torture, one of the most important international human rights treaties. We find strong evidence for the importance of norms and all three types of costs, but no evidence supporting state desires to lock in the benefits of democracy in the face of domestic democratic instability." }, { "paper": "1968561905", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "government crackdown please", "label": [ "3116431", "191935318", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2496666142" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "concerned about the chaotic way scientific misconduct allegations in china are being publicized chinese scientists are asking the government to step in more than 120 chinese researchers most u s based have signed a letter calling on research agencies to create an official process for addressing", "title_raw": "Government Crackdown, Please", "abstract_raw": "Concerned about the chaotic way scientific misconduct allegations in China are being publicized, Chinese scientists are asking the government to step in. More than 120 Chinese researchers, most U.S.-based, have signed a letter calling on research agencies to create an official process for addressing" }, { "paper": "2152698194", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2006", "title": "the territorial politics of welfare", "label": [ "100243477", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2677438039" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Territorial Politics of Welfare", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1581117916", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "u s politics scientists look to missouri to show the way on stem cells", "label": [ "2776942308", "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "91872485" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "u s politicsstem cell research has become a high profile issue in missouri in the runup to next week s vote on a proposed state constitutional amendment read more 1 1 http sciencemag org cgi content full 314 5800 737", "title_raw": "U.S. politics. Scientists look to Missouri to show the way on stem cells.", "abstract_raw": "U.S. POLITICSStem cell research has become a high-profile issue in Missouri in the runup to next week's vote on a proposed state constitutional amendment. [(Read more.)][1]\n\n [1]: http://sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/314/5800/737" }, { "paper": "2065648361", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "court revives georgia sticker case", "label": [ "103106408", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2188333814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "teaching evolution the fight over antievolution stickers in u s public school biology textbooks took a new twist last week when a federal appeals court told a lower court to try again in its 25 may ruling a three judge panel in atlanta georgia vacated a january 2005 district court ruling", "title_raw": "Court Revives Georgia Sticker Case", "abstract_raw": "TEACHING EVOLUTION\nThe fight over antievolution stickers in U.S. public school biology textbooks took a new twist last week when a federal appeals court told a lower court to try again.\n\nIn its 25 May ruling, a three-judge panel in Atlanta, Georgia, vacated a January 2005 District Court ruling" }, { "paper": "1980685453", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2006", "title": "korean practitioners and journalists relational influences in news selection", "label": [ "148834064", "67037518", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2097432496", "2142231202" ], "reference": [ "72450154", "619179896", "1531596286", "1532565558", "1546782176", "1969271270", "1970294467", "1997622883", "1998609789", "2019903031", "2023905333", "2039659665", "2045841505", "2051299582", "2053763640", "2054561226", "2093784263", "2124122196", "2148133639", "2346432422", "2484012342" ], "abstract": "abstract this study investigates how source media relationships influence perceptions toward news selection from the public relations practitioners viewpoint in korea the results show that korean public relations practitioners who perform formal media relations believed that journalists would select news stories based on journalists media routine principles such as using government sources in contrast korean public relations practitioners who perform informal or monetary media relations believed that journalists would select news stories based on journalists extra media factors such as personal relationships with public relations practitioners", "title_raw": "Korean practitioners and journalists: Relational influences in news selection", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This study investigates how source\u2013media relationships influence perceptions toward news selection from the public relations practitioners\u2019 viewpoint in Korea. The results show that Korean public relations practitioners who perform formal media relations believed that journalists would select news stories based on journalists\u2019 media routine principles, such as using government sources. In contrast, Korean public relations practitioners who perform informal or monetary media relations believed that journalists would select news stories based on journalists\u2019 extra-media factors, such as personal relationships with public relations practitioners." }, { "paper": "1531104491", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "spain reconsiders its university reform law", "label": [ "2781440851", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2617373920" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "academic careersbarcelona a bill being debated in spain s parliament would give more leeway to universities in hiring some academic leaders are pleased but others say it could be a step backward read more 1 1 http www sciencemag org cgi content full 314 5801 911", "title_raw": "Spain Reconsiders Its University Reform Law", "abstract_raw": "ACADEMIC CAREERSBARCELONA-- A bill being debated in Spain's Parliament would give more leeway to universities in hiring. Some academic leaders are pleased, but others say it could be a step backward. ([Read more][1].)\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/314/5801/911" }, { "paper": "2091667478", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2006", "title": "education and training put iran ahead of richer states", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2573878264", "2303885413" ], "reference": [ "1990340250" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Education and training put Iran ahead of richer states", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2067673015", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2006", "title": "managing water diversion from canada to the united states an old idea born again", "label": [ "2777924521", "517468935", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1972380370" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "water is increasingly a major political issue as scarcity of the resource grips several societies especially in developing countries where agriculture is responsible for about 80 percent of water consumptive use however western nations are not immune to water tensions for instance in greece spain italy or the western united states where the available water is being exploited to the limit the colorado no longer reaches the sea and growing debates are emerging as to whether water should be allocated to thirsty cities or to agriculture whether public funds should be invested again to increase the resource or demand management implemented and whether water could be imported from far away these questions are increasingly relevant consumption patterns of water in the western us are clearly not sustainable given the technology available today massive water transfers could only come from canada there have been several mooted projects in this vein mostly in the 1960s and 1970s should canadians worry about water exports to the united sates especially in the frame of nafta or is climate change going to be the decisive factor in the debate the advent of water addiction in the western united stateswater is a key ingredient in the fabric of the western american society as has been well studied by donald worster 1 the west is not completely waterscarce for several mighty rivers flow in the region mainly fed by snow and glaciers from the rockies but it definitely is a semi arid region compelling all societies living there before the industrial revolution to adapt to water scarcity early 20th century american society empowered by the industrial age decided to harness rivers and aquifers technology enabled american society to eliminate the water scarcity burden and developed the illusion that technology would always bring about a solution to growing water needs what nature does not yield freely humanity should refashion to better suit human needs nature has no greater purpose than to serve man and man has no greater purpose than to work the land and take his place in the productive cycle 2 wendy nelson espeland also clearly depicted the representation that developed at the time that all water flowing unused to the ocean was a wasted resource and that rivers needed to be tamed and harnessed to be put to use president franklin roosevelt declared in 1935 when inaugurating boulder dam that the mighty waters of the colorado were running unused to the sea today we translate them into a great national possession 2this idea is still very much alive today much of the contemporary culture of the american southwest is based on denying its desertness in a subdivision being built to the south of las vegas paseo verde parkway and val verde road intersect in green valley ranch the concept of green like sod lawns was an imported fantasy 4 technology can make up for water scarcity and water must be used so as to develop western resources the rural western ethic is that all wealth comes out of the ground either as grass growing or as minerals being mined so the fact that today s reclamation projects such as garrison cup animas la plata cost a few million dollars for each farmer they put on the land doesn t cause their proponents to blink that they say is the price society pays for creating the stuff of wealth without it and the other industries based on earth there is nothing 5early massive water transfer projectsmassive water transfers were first built in the eastern united states in 1847 with the croton aqueduct for new york city and the 1900 chicago diversion as early as 1906 water transfers began being built in the west with a 46 km long canal from the st mary river in montana to the milk river triggering a severe dispute with canada that forced the united states to negotiate the 1909 boundary waters treaty other projects soon followed the los angeles aqueduct in 1913 the hetch hetchy water supply 1934 the colorado river aqueduct 1941 the ail american canal 1942 and the california central valley project 1951", "title_raw": "Managing water diversion from Canada to the United States : an old idea born again?", "abstract_raw": "Water is increasingly a major political issue as scarcity of the resource grips several societies, especially in developing countries where agriculture is responsible for about 80 percent of water consumptive use. However, western nations are not immune to water tensions, for instance in Greece, Spain, Italy, or the western United States, where the available water is being exploited to the limit: the Colorado no longer reaches the sea, and growing debates are emerging as to whether water should be allocated to thirsty cities or to agriculture; whether public funds should be invested again to increase the resource or demand management implemented; and whether water could be imported from far away.These questions are increasingly relevant: consumption patterns of water in the western US are clearly not sustainable. Given the technology available today, massive water transfers could only come from Canada. There have been several mooted projects in this vein, mostly in the 1960s and 1970s. Should Canadians worry about water exports to the United Sates, especially in the frame of NAFTA? Or is climate change going to be the decisive factor in the debate?THE ADVENT OF WATER ADDICTION IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATESWater is a key ingredient in the fabric of the western American society, as has been well studied by Donald Worster.1 The west is not completely waterscarce, for several mighty rivers flow in the region, mainly fed by snow and glaciers from the Rockies; but it definitely is a semi-arid region, compelling all societies living there before the industrial revolution to adapt to water scarcity. Early 20th century American society, empowered by the industrial age, decided to harness rivers and aquifers. Technology enabled American society to eliminate the water scarcity burden and developed the illusion that technology would always bring about a solution to growing water needs. \"What nature does not yield freely, humanity should refashion to better suit human needs.... Nature has no greater purpose than to serve Man, and Man has no greater purpose than to work the land and take his place in the productive cycle.\"2 Wendy Nelson Espeland also clearly depicted the representation that developed at the time that all water flowing unused to the ocean was a wasted resource, and that rivers needed to be \"tamed\" and \"harnessed\" to be put to use. President Franklin Roosevelt declared in 1935, when inaugurating Boulder Dam, that \"the mighty waters of the Colorado were running unused to the sea. Today we translate them into a great national possession.\"2This idea is still very much alive today. \"Much of the contemporary culture of the American Southwest is based on denying its desertness.... In a subdivision being built to the south [of Las Vegas], Paseo Verde Parkway and Val Verde Road intersect in Green Valley Ranch. The concept of green, like sod lawns, was an imported fantasy.\"4 Technology can make up for water scarcity and water must be used so as to develop western resources: \"The rural Western ethic is that all wealth comes out of the ground, either as grass growing or as minerals being mined.... So the fact that today's reclamation projects-such as Garrison, CUP, Animas-La Plata-cost a few million dollars for each farmer they put on the land, doesn't cause their proponents to blink. That, they say, is the price society pays for creating the stuff of wealth. Without it and the other industries based on earth, there is nothing.\"5EARLY MASSIVE WATER TRANSFER PROJECTSMassive water transfers were first built in the eastern United States in 1847 with the Croton aqueduct for New York City and the 1900 Chicago diversion. As early as 1906, water transfers began being built in the west, with a 46 km-long canal from the St. Mary River in Montana to the Milk River, triggering a severe dispute with Canada that forced the United States to negotiate the 1909 boundary waters treaty. Other projects soon followed: the Los Angeles aqueduct in 1913, the Hetch Hetchy water supply (1934), the Colorado River aqueduct (1941), the Ail-American Canal (1942), and the California central valley project (1951). \u2026" }, { "paper": "3125723285", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2006", "title": "legal origins and modern stock markets", "label": [ "20429076", "192143787", "158071213", "86511162", "94625758", "170706310" ], "author": [ "2117357878" ], "reference": [ "1969519191" ], "abstract": "legal origin civil vs common law is said in much modern economic work to determine the strength of financial markets and the structure of corporate ownership even in the world s richer nations the main means are thought to lie in how investor protection and property protection connect to civil and common law legal origin but i show here although stockholder protection property rights and their supporting legal institutions are quite important legal origin is not their foundation modern politics is an alternative explanation for divergent ownership structures and the differing depths of securities markets in the world s richer nations some legislatures respect property and stock markets instructing their regulators to promote financial markets some do not brute facts of the twentieth century the total devastation of many key nations wrecking many of their prior institutions predict modern postwar financial markets strength well and tie closely to postwar divergences in politics and policies in the world s richest nations nearly every core civil law nation suffered military invasion and occupation in the twentieth century the kinds of systemic shocks that destroy even strong institutions while no core common law nation collapsed under that kind of catastrophe the interests and ideologies that thereafter dominated in the world s richest nations and those nations basic economic tasks such as postwar reconstruction for many varied over the last half century and these differences in politics and tasks made one collection of the world s richer nations amenable to stock markets and another indifferent or antagonistic these political economy ideas are better positioned than legal origin concepts to explain the differing importance of financial markets in the wealthy west professor harvard law school thanks for comments and in four cases research assistance on the data go to michael abramowicz marcelo barbosa thorsten beck robert clark john coates christine desan simeon djankov charles donahue antonio duarte allen ferrell martin gelter peter gourevitch claudio haddad peter hogfeldt howell jackson rafael la porta karl lins tamara lothian richard pierce john pottow manoj ramachandran mark ramseyer alvaro santos frederick schauer wendy sheu bryan shinn andrei shleifer holger spamann lynn stout guhan subramanian marcelo trindade detlev vagts agata waclawik luigi zingales and those at workshops at the columbia duke george washington georgetown harvard nyu pennsylvania sao paulo and vanderbilt law schools at harvard business school at ibmec business school and at the world bank thanks for research support go to harvard law school s john m olin center legal origins and modern stock markets", "title_raw": "Legal Origins and Modern Stock Markets", "abstract_raw": "Legal origin \u2014 civil vs. common law \u2014 is said in much modern economic work to determine the strength of financial markets and the structure of corporate ownership, even in the world\u2019s richer nations. The main means are thought to lie in how investor protection and property protection connect to civil and common law legal origin. But, I show here, although stockholder protection, property rights, and their supporting legal institutions are quite important, legal origin is not their foundation. Modern politics is an alternative explanation for divergent ownership structures and the differing depths of securities markets in the world\u2019s richer nations. Some legislatures respect property and stock markets, instructing their regulators to promote financial markets; some do not. Brute facts of the twentieth century \u2014 the total devastation of many key nations, wrecking many of their prior institutions \u2014 predict modern postwar financial markets\u2019 strength well and tie closely to postwar divergences in politics and policies in the world\u2019s richest nations. Nearly every core civil law nation suffered military invasion and occupation in the twentieth century \u2014 the kinds of systemic shocks that destroy even strong institutions \u2014 while no core common law nation collapsed under that kind of catastrophe. The interests and ideologies that thereafter dominated in the world\u2019s richest nations and those nations\u2019 basic economic tasks (such as postwar reconstruction for many) varied over the last half century, and these differences in politics and tasks made one collection of the world\u2019s richer nations amenable to stock markets and another indifferent or antagonistic. These political economy ideas are better positioned than legal origin concepts to explain the differing importance of financial markets in the wealthy West. * Professor, Harvard Law School. Thanks for comments and, in four cases, research assistance on the data go to Michael Abramowicz, Marcelo Barbosa, Thorsten Beck, Robert Clark, John Coates, Christine Desan, Simeon Djankov, Charles Donahue, Antonio Duarte, Allen Ferrell, Martin Gelter, Peter Gourevitch, Claudio Haddad, Peter Hogfeldt, Howell Jackson, Rafael La Porta, Karl Lins, Tamara Lothian, Richard Pierce, John Pottow, Manoj Ramachandran, Mark Ramseyer, Alvaro Santos, Frederick Schauer, Wendy Sheu, Bryan Shinn, Andrei Shleifer, Holger Spamann, Lynn Stout, Guhan Subramanian, Marcelo Trindade, Detlev Vagts, Agata Waclawik, Luigi Zingales and those at workshops at the Columbia, Duke, George Washington, Georgetown, Harvard, NYU, Pennsylvania, Sao Paulo, and Vanderbilt law schools, at Harvard Business School, at IBMEC Business School, and at the World Bank. Thanks for research support go to Harvard Law School\u2019s John M. Olin Center. Legal Origins and Modern Stock Markets" }, { "paper": "1989046874", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2006", "title": "decomposing korean news media credibility in the internet age", "label": [ "39549134", "529147693", "2780224610" ], "author": [ "2657995250" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Decomposing Korean News Media Credibility in the Internet Age", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2048103951", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "new scientific society in nicaragua", "label": [ "2779503283" ], "author": [ "1235963479" ], "reference": [ "1985244614" ], "abstract": "in march of this year science published an editorial entitled fighting tropical diseases j d sachs and p j hotez 17 mar p 1521 1 discussing science based approaches to address the un millennium development goals additionally in the past few months science has reported on", "title_raw": "New scientific society in Nicaragua.", "abstract_raw": "In March of this year, Science published an Editorial entitled \u201cFighting tropical diseases\u201d (J. D. Sachs and P. J. Hotez, 17 Mar., p. [1521][1]) discussing science-based approaches to address the UN Millennium Development Goals. Additionally, in the past few months, Science has reported on" }, { "paper": "2006644049", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2006", "title": "iran israel and the politics of terrorism", "label": [ "203133693", "93377909", "158071213", "2778069335", "7991579", "199539241", "2776769304", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2600583918" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "after nearly three decades of constant change and reform iran s hostility toward israel is the most entrenched element of its foreign policy the problem is that tehran s hostility has served both its ideological mandates and strategic calculations there has never been sufficient incentive for the clerical oligarchs to abandon a policy whose costs in terms of us sanctions and criticism seemed bearable given the current consolidation of conservative power within iran and the collapse of diplomatic efforts to ensure a viable israeli palestinian peace iran s policy is unlikely to change noticeably hizbullah s apparent triumph only strengthens the hands of iranian hardliners pressing for confrontation with the jewish state in the end the best manner of extracting iran from the arab israeli arena is for the united states and the key arab states to launch a concerted diplomatic effort to resolve the remaining differences between israel and the palestinian authority in the meantime a determined effort t", "title_raw": "Iran, Israel and the Politics of Terrorism", "abstract_raw": "After nearly three decades of constant change and reform, Iran's hostility toward Israel is the most entrenched element of its foreign policy. The problem is that Tehran's hostility has served both its ideological mandates and strategic calculations. There has never been sufficient incentive for the clerical oligarchs to abandon a policy whose costs in terms of US sanctions and criticism seemed bearable. Given the current consolidation of conservative power within Iran and the collapse of diplomatic efforts to ensure a viable Israeli\u2013Palestinian peace, Iran's policy is unlikely to change noticeably. Hizbullah's apparent triumph only strengthens the hands of Iranian hardliners pressing for confrontation with the Jewish state. In the end, the best manner of extracting Iran from the Arab\u2013Israeli arena is for the United States and the key Arab states to launch a concerted diplomatic effort to resolve the remaining differences between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. In the meantime, a determined effort t..." }, { "paper": "2088127584", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "travel rules rile researchers", "label": [ "148834064", "2776742560", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2497323860" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a controversial bush administration decision to cap the number of government researchers allowed to attend meetings outside the country apparently doesn t apply when the united states is the host even if the meeting is across the ocean science 24 february p 1086 1 aids scientists are", "title_raw": "Travel Rules Rile Researchers", "abstract_raw": "A controversial Bush Administration decision to cap the number of government researchers allowed to attend meetings outside the country apparently doesn't apply when the United States is the host\u2014even if the meeting is across the ocean ( Science , 24 February, [p. 1086][1]). AIDS scientists are" }, { "paper": "2016117586", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2006", "title": "electoral institutions partisan status and political support in lesotho", "label": [ "555826173", "2777678577", "183763965", "94625758", "2777825026" ], "author": [ "2576366983", "1974656872" ], "reference": [ "136741111", "562001006", "575466265", "627649530", "639734474", "948950082", "1496443045", "1509161467", "1524961168", "1533369859", "1535724529", "1599598047", "1604343256", "1900917666", "1964224704", "1964686773", "1969681916", "1985737300", "2001947080", "2002815818", "2014672095", "2020822766", "2022972753", "2023475391", "2031496465", "2038806377", "2045509200", "2049208419", "2058216731", "2059345337", "2063984238", "2066407151", "2067844392", "2083179865", "2090569542", "2107559193", "2124332413", "2151796435", "2151949046", "2154538645", "2171553091", "2264393104", "2264528582", "2277103350", "2289987768", "2290252416", "2304361434", "2327961574", "2493248572", "2765655351" ], "abstract": "abstract does the introduction of proportionality in electoral systems help to boost popular evaluations of democracy this article takes advantage of an electoral reform in lesotho to conduct a natural experiment we trace shifts over time in popular political support using afrobarometer data collected before and after reform to measure mass satisfaction with democracy and public trust in political institutions we find both direct and indirect effects in the aggregate lesotho s transition from a majoritarian to a mixed electoral system is directly associated with increased levels of citizen support for the country s state and regime importantly however formal institutions have only indirect effects at the individual level where a person s informal partisan status as a member of a winning majority or losing minority mediates the impacts of institutional change", "title_raw": "Electoral Institutions, Partisan Status, and Political Support in Lesotho", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Does the introduction of proportionality in electoral systems help to boost popular evaluations of democracy? This article takes advantage of an electoral reform in Lesotho to conduct a natural experiment. We trace shifts over time in popular political support, using Afrobarometer data collected before and after reform to measure mass satisfaction with democracy and public trust in political institutions. We find both direct and indirect effects. In the aggregate, Lesotho's transition from a majoritarian to a mixed electoral system is directly associated with increased levels of citizen support for the country's state and regime. Importantly, however, formal institutions have only indirect effects at the individual level, where a person's informal partisan status \u2013 as a member of a winning majority or losing minority \u2013 mediates the impacts of institutional change." }, { "paper": "1968745493", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2006", "title": "the general elections in niger november 2004", "label": [ "3116431", "59742305" ], "author": [ "387062431", "2512014305" ], "reference": [ "2151446187", "2332308020", "2494862965" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The general elections in Niger, November 2004", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2266081838", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2006", "title": "ensuring energy security", "label": [ "2119116", "203133693", "201960208", "117110713", "2776746162" ], "author": [ "2576216178" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "on the eve of world war i first lord of the admiralty winston churchill made a historic decision to shift the power source of the british navy s ships from coal to oil he intended to make the fleet faster than its german counterpart but the switch also meant that the royal navy would rely not on coal from wales but on insecure oil supplies from what was then persia energy security thus became a question of national strategy churchill s answer safety and certainty in oil he said lie in variety and variety alone since churchill s decision energy security has repeatedly emerged as an issue of great importance and it is so once again today but the subject now needs to be rethought for what has been the paradigm of energy security for the past three decades is too limited and must be expanded to include many new factors moreover it must be recognized that energy security does not stand by itself but is lodged in the larger relations among nations and how they interact with one another energy security will be the number one topic on the agenda when the group of eight highly industrialized countries g 8 meets in st petersburg in july the renewed focus on energy security is driven in part by an exceedingly tight oil market and by high oil prices which have doubled over the past three years but it is also fueled by the threat of terrorism instability in some exporting nations a nationalist backlash fears of a scramble for supplies geopolitical rivalries and countries fundamental need for energy to power their economic growth", "title_raw": "Ensuring Energy Security", "abstract_raw": "On the eve of World War I, First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill made a historic decision: to shift the power source of the British navy\u2019s ships from coal to oil. He intended to make the fleet faster than its German counterpart. But the switch also meant that the Royal Navy would rely not on coal from Wales but on insecure oil supplies from what was then Persia. Energy security thus became a question of national strategy. Churchill\u2019s answer? \u201cSafety and certainty in oil,\u201d he said, \u201clie in variety and variety alone.\u201d Since Churchill\u2019s decision, energy security has repeatedly emerged as an issue of great importance, and it is so once again today. But the subject now needs to be rethought, for what has been the paradigm of energy security for the past three decades is too limited and must be expanded to include many new factors. Moreover, it must be recognized that energy security does not stand by itself but is lodged in the larger relations among nations and how they interact with one another. Energy security will be the number one topic on the agenda when the group of eight highly industrialized countries (g-8) meets in St. Petersburg in July.The renewed focus on energy security is driven in part by an exceedingly tight oil market and by high oil prices, which have doubled over the past three years. But it is also fueled by the threat of terrorism, instability in some exporting nations, a nationalist backlash, fears of a scramble for supplies, geopolitical rivalries, and countries\u2019 fundamental need for energy to power their economic growth." }, { "paper": "2075938166", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2006", "title": "who director general election", "label": [ "48226144", "59742305", "45184978", "3116431", "106259374", "184356942", "143838007" ], "author": [ "2637130386" ], "reference": [ "2092552641" ], "abstract": "1490 www thelancet com vol 368 october 28 2006 which has evolved enormously from a small scientifi c meeting in atlanta in 1985 to a global platform for advocacy research and capacitybuilding an unprecedented number of delegates came to toronto in 2006 the ias is gratifi ed that people continue to vote with their feet we are committed to improving the conference and strengthening its role beyond a 5 day event to becoming part of an ongoing cycle of education networking pro motion of best practice and advocacy in the fi ght against hiv aids", "title_raw": "WHO Director-General election", "abstract_raw": "1490 www.thelancet.com Vol 368 October 28, 2006 which has evolved enormously from a small scientifi c meeting in Atlanta in 1985 to a global platform for advocacy, research, and capacitybuilding. An unprecedented number of delegates came to Toronto in 2006. The IAS is gratifi ed that people continue to vote with their feet. We are committed to improving the conference and strengthening its role beyond a 5-day event to becoming part of an ongoing cycle of education, networking, pro motion of best practice, and advocacy in the fi ght against HIV/AIDS." }, { "paper": "2152593065", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2006", "title": "clarifying the role of ses in political participation policy threat and arab american mobilization", "label": [ "109986646", "156708679", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1997653586", "1966996502", "2121439908" ], "reference": [ "18985575", "28957472", "34854083", "137202426", "573599649", "605289124", "615575046", "616862970", "654282502", "946814809", "1495718658", "1532498579", "1533460353", "1537782360", "1565589301", "1572299444", "1580899010", "1592669368", "1977249581", "1980207040", "1991576322", "1993661650", "1995643388", "2004279575", "2007540821", "2015281912", "2018692591", "2025386941", "2031340404", "2033857668", "2036450032", "2045509200", "2045925400", "2048727984", "2050580556", "2068164487", "2079955265", "2092895344", "2093236353", "2095178391", "2103029551", "2103937568", "2109080352", "2111819431", "2114249289", "2117278170", "2120025297", "2120623994", "2126467075", "2134011683", "2136769953", "2140176898", "2140252845", "2145098435", "2145987550", "2146738657", "2151245952", "2154498065", "2157979842", "2163551612", "2170905535", "2172065404", "2269011621", "2317232670", "2326323166", "2329648039", "2329894076", "2338147277", "2491923871", "2503680773", "2613102082", "2746333779", "2769465915", "2799255909", "3099733523", "3121248383", "3124567902", "3124896223" ], "abstract": "although there is much empirical support for the causal connection between higher socioeconomic status ses and political participation there are ample instances of lower ses individuals participating and higher ses individuals abstaining from participation apparently other factors send some similarly situated individuals down the expected path and cause others to detour in the same vein several bodies of political science literature suggest that threatening circumstances can be politically motivating but mobilization does not always follow our analysis of arab american participation patterns suggests that the effects of socioeconomic status are mediated by socialization experiences and policy threat if the political learning process includes the apprehension of worrisome government policy actions it may provide the motivation for participation from those who have the ability to participate but heretofore have chosen not to do so", "title_raw": "Clarifying the Role of SES in Political Participation: Policy Threat and Arab American Mobilization", "abstract_raw": "Although there is much empirical support for the causal connection between higher socioeconomic status (SES) and political participation, there are ample instances of lower SES individuals participating and higher SES individuals abstaining from participation. Apparently other factors send some similarly situated individuals down the expected path and cause others to detour. In the same vein, several bodies of political science literature suggest that threatening circumstances can be politically motivating, but mobilization does not always follow. Our analysis of Arab American participation patterns suggests that the effects of socioeconomic status are mediated by socialization experiences and policy threat. If the political learning process includes the apprehension of worrisome government policy actions, it may provide the motivation for participation from those who have the ability to participate, but heretofore have chosen not to do so." }, { "paper": "2110472666", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2006", "title": "2 douglas a hibbs jr 1977 political parties and macroeconomic policy american political science review 71 december 1467 1487 cited 492 times", "label": [ "94625758", "36201420", "31168002", "3116431", "96756911", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2687167454" ], "reference": [ "1586059734", "1975081753", "2044948141", "2071305611", "2146991276", "2159435158", "3126061893" ], "abstract": "i began working on political parties and macroeconomic policy in 1974 delivered the paper at the august 1975 meetings of the world econometric society in toronto and the apsa in san francisco and shortly thereafter submitted it to the review where it languished for more than a year before it was accepted just barely i sensed after a change of editor the article s title is somewhat misleading because the evidence pertained to the influence of government partisanship on macroeconomic outcomes", "title_raw": "2. Douglas A. Hibbs, Jr. 1977. \u201cPolitical Parties and Macroeconomic Policy.\u201d American Political Science Review 71 (December): 1467\u20131487 Cited 492 times.", "abstract_raw": "I began working on \u201cPolitical Parties and Macroeconomic Policy\u201d in 1974, delivered the paper at the August 1975 meetings of the World Econometric Society in Toronto and the APSA in San Francisco, and shortly thereafter submitted it to the Review, where it languished for more than a year before it was accepted (just barely, I sensed) after a change of editor. The article's title is somewhat misleading because the evidence pertained to the influence of government partisanship on macroeconomic outcomes." }, { "paper": "2145717885", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2006", "title": "disaster management william h starbuck and moshe farjoun eds 2005 organization at the limit lessons from the columbia disaster malden ma blackwell publishing 387 pp", "label": [ "151719136", "62555980" ], "author": [ "2026629574" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Disaster Management William H. Starbuck and Moshe Farjoun, eds. 2005. Organization at the Limit: Lessons from the Columbia Disaster. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. 387 pp.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2544854781", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2006", "title": "do targeted killings work", "label": [ "2779033419", "203133693", "2779265402", "148834064", "2775855739", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2025115558" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "salah shehada lived a violent life during his last two years the senior hamas leader directed up to 52 terrorist operations against israel killing 220 civilians and i6 soldiers and on july 22 2002 shehada died a violent death an israeli f 16 dropped a 2 000 pound bomb on his apartment building obliterating it with him inside before deciding to kill shehada israeli officials had first gone to the palestinian authority and repeatedly demanded his arrest when the pa refused the israeli government then sought to apprehend him directly but they gave up after realizing that shehada lived in the middle of gaza city and that any attempt to grab him would probably spark a general melee it was then that the israelis decided to kill shehada but things still remained complicated according to moshe yaalon then the chiefof staff of the israel defense forces israel had to call off its first eight attempts because shehada was always accompanied by his daughter only when shin bet israel s domestic intelligence service learned that he would be in an apartment building with no innocents nearby did the operation proceed but the intelligence turned out to be incomplete shehada had his daughter with him after all and the buildings surrounding his own were occupied when the massive bomb demolished the target it also damaged several of these other buildings shehada was killed but so were at least 14 civiiians including his daughter and eight other children", "title_raw": "Do Targeted Killings Work", "abstract_raw": "SALAH SHEHADA lived a violent life. During his last two years, the senior Hamas leader directed up to 52 terrorist operations against Israel, killing 220 civilians and i6 soldiers. And on July 22, 2002, Shehada died a violent death: an Israeli F-16 dropped a 2,000-pound bomb on his apartment building, obliterating it with him inside. Before deciding to kill Shehada, Israeli officials had first gone to the Palestinian Authority and repeatedly demanded his arrest. When the PA refused, the Israeli government then sought to apprehend him directly. But they gave up after realizing that Shehada lived in the middle of Gaza City and that any attempt to grab him would probably spark a general melee. It was then that the Israelis decided to kill Shehada. But things still remained complicated; according to Moshe Yaalon, then the chiefof staff of the Israel Defense Forces, Israel had to call off its first eight attempts because Shehada was always accompanied by his daughter. Only when Shin Bet, Israel's domestic intelligence service, learned that he would be in an apartment building with no innocents nearby did the operation proceed. But the intelligence turned out to be incomplete: Shehada had his daughter with him after all, and the buildings surrounding his own were occupied. When the massive bomb demolished the target, it also damaged several of these other buildings. Shehada was killed-but so were at least 14 civiiians, including his daughter and eight other children." }, { "paper": "2022099241", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2006", "title": "speaking with one voice european union co ordination on human rights issues at the united nations", "label": [ "86615163", "169437150", "2776034101", "2778698365" ], "author": [ "2269823069" ], "reference": [ "1525837628", "1565096553", "1571136350", "1587949667", "1977470618", "2059312312", "2137032739", "2776213254", "2780522749", "2781324988", "2989694165" ], "abstract": "this article analyses the extent to which the eu acts cohesively and effectively within the un general assembly third committee and the commission on human rights there is considerable evidence of increasing eu output at the un since the early 1990s but there are serious limits to eu unity posed by conflicting national interests and the persistent desire of member states to act independently at the un furthermore the energy required to reach internal agreements restricts the eu s influence within the wider un system", "title_raw": "Speaking with One Voice? European Union Co\u2010ordination on Human Rights Issues at the United Nations*", "abstract_raw": "This article analyses the extent to which the EU acts cohesively and effectively within the UN General Assembly Third Committee and the Commission on Human Rights. There is considerable evidence of increasing EU 'output' at the UN since the early 1990s, but there are serious limits to EU unity posed by conflicting national interests and the persistent desire of Member States to act independently at the UN. Furthermore, the energy required to reach internal agreements restricts the EU's influence within the wider UN system" }, { "paper": "2019226065", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2006", "title": "international dispute settlement in an evolving global society constitutionalization accessibility privatization", "label": [ "138296749", "131676636" ], "author": [ "2694562436" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "International Dispute Settlement in an Evolving Global Society: Constitutionalization, Accessibility, Privatization", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1990453195", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2006", "title": "issue indivisibility and time horizons as rationalist explanations for war", "label": [ "34355311", "21711469", "521449643" ], "author": [ "2054509979" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this paper focuses on two rationalist explanations for war issue indivisibility and time horizons it argues that both types of bargaining problems have not only been undertheorized in the international relations literature but that a non trivial proportion of the violence witnessed since the end of the cold war may be explained by these obstacles to non violent conflict resolution the paper includes a discussion of nationalism and religious belief and how these relate to issue indivisibility and infinite time horizons to illustrate the key arguments it uses the case of russia s two most recent wars in chechnya", "title_raw": "Issue Indivisibility and Time Horizons as Rationalist Explanations for War", "abstract_raw": "This paper focuses on two rationalist explanations for war: issue indivisibility and time horizons. It argues that both types of bargaining problems have not only been undertheorized in the international relations literature, but that a non-trivial proportion of the violence witnessed since the end of the Cold War may be explained by these obstacles to non-violent conflict resolution. The paper includes a discussion of nationalism and religious belief and how these relate to issue indivisibility and infinite time horizons. To illustrate the key arguments, it uses the case of Russia's two most recent wars in Chechnya." }, { "paper": "2143046828", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2006", "title": "how intelligent is intelligence reform", "label": [ "528167355", "51575053", "93377909", "203133693", "2776050585", "79165680" ], "author": [ "2174640220", "2612185671", "2894248621" ], "reference": [ "590070674", "1525261894", "1562367861", "1577240669", "1995417011", "2025305073", "2095906604", "2264140750" ], "abstract": "amy zegart argues that the u s intelligence community suffered an adaptation failure that left it unprepared to deal with the terrorist threat after the cold war 1 the core of this apparent failure was its inability to reorganize in response to a radically changed international setting despite recommendations for reform from a number of prominent commissions and members of congress zegart further argues that this bureaucratic sclerosis resulted from the nature of organizations the rational self interests of national security officials and the decentralized structure of american federalism 2 zegart is one of a handful of political scientists to look seriously at intelligence issues and her study raises several important questions her model of bureaucratic inertia is theoretically compelling and deserves close scrutiny even though we disagree with some of her conclusions about intelligence reform the large organizational changes currently under way in the u s intelligence establishment have proceeded with insufficient attention from the security studies community we hope that zegart s analysis inspires more academic debate on the relationship between intelligence foreign policy and national security in this commentary we critique three aspects of the article first its logic rests on an unjustified assumption about the need to reorganize in the face of new security challenges second the article reveals an overriding preference for centralization regardless of changes in the international environment third we challenge her interpretation of the terrorist attacks of september 11 2001 as the culmination of the intelligence community s failure to adapt in reality the community provided accurate strategic warning of the terrorist threat and good tactical warning of the impending attacks we conclude with a different argument september 11 was not an intelligence failure it was a national failure", "title_raw": "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Reform", "abstract_raw": "Amy Zegart argues that the U.S. intelligence community suffered an \"adaptation failure\" that left it unprepared to deal with the terrorist threat after the Cold War.1 The core of this apparent failure was its inability to reorganize in response to a radically changed international setting, despite recommendations for reform from a number of prominent commissions and members of Congress. Zegart further argues that this bureaucratic sclerosis resulted from the nature of organizations, the rational self-interests of national security officials, and the decentralized structure of American federalism.2 Zegart is one of a handful of political scientists to look seriously at intelligence issues, and her study raises several important questions. Her model of bureaucratic inertia is theoretically compelling and deserves close scrutiny, even though we disagree with some of her conclusions about intelligence reform. The large organizational changes currently under way in the U.S. intelligence establishment have proceeded with insufficient attention from the security studies community. We hope that Zegart's analysis inspires more academic debate on the relationship between intelligence, foreign policy, and national security. In this commentary we critique three aspects of the article. First, its logic rests on an unjustified assumption about the need to reorganize in the face of new security challenges. Second, the article reveals an overriding preference for centralization, regardless of changes in the international environment. Third, we challenge her interpretation of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, as the culmination of the intelligence community's failure to adapt. In reality, the community provided accurate strategic warning of the terrorist threat and good tactical warning of the impending attacks. We conclude with a different argument: September 11 was not an intelligence failure; it was a national failure." }, { "paper": "2141150634", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2006", "title": "treasurer s report new initiatives and a balanced budget mark successful 2005", "label": [ "2779931205" ], "author": [ "120910210" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "as we approach the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006 the american political science association is financially sound able to support a wide range of professional programs and projects to serve the membership this strong condition arises from a solidly positive balance of assets against liabilities and an operating budget well matched to apsa s current scope and activities", "title_raw": "Treasurer's Report: New Initiatives (and a Balanced Budget) Mark Successful 2005", "abstract_raw": "As we approach the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006, the American Political Science Association is financially sound, able to support a wide range of professional programs and projects to serve the membership. This strong condition arises from a solidly positive balance of assets against liabilities, and an operating budget well-matched to APSA's current scope and activities." }, { "paper": "2101005287", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2006", "title": "justice in transition", "label": [ "139621336", "94625758", "110928126" ], "author": [ "2083670300", "2143516358" ], "reference": [ "100245313", "639427191", "652212764", "1484651877", "1492279571", "1515025714", "1580191251", "1595353434", "2013040204", "2136636626", "2319897804", "2481687874", "2491248675", "2503909871", "2504799368", "2776871217" ], "abstract": "abstract this paper questions both realist and restorative conceptions of truth commissions to the extent that both of those conceptions neglect the internal links between truth commissions and criminal trials interpreting the requirements of retribution responsibility and truth telling the paper argues that trials and truth commissions should be placed at points on a spectrum rather than in distinct categories and that the circumstances of political transition explain the divergences in their respective practices we may see truth commissions and trials as expressing the same aims of justice though in contextually differentiated ways that modify both the subordinate principles required by the aims of justice and also their institutional expression resume cet article remet en question la conception realiste et la conception reparatrice des commissions de verite dans la mesure ou toutes les deux negligent les liens internes entre les commissions de verite et les proces criminels interpretant les exigences de retribution de responsabilite et de veracite l article avance que les proces et les commissions de verite devraient etre situes en divers points du meme spectre plutot que dans des categories distinctes et que les circonstances de transition politique expliquent les differences entre leurs pratiques respectives on peut considerer les commissions de verite et les proces comme traduisant une meme poursuite de la justice bien que les differences de contexte modifient dans chaque cas les principes subalternes qu impose la recherche de la justice et de ce fait changent aussi leur expression institutionnelle", "title_raw": "Justice in Transition", "abstract_raw": "Abstract. This paper questions both realist and restorative conceptions of truth commissions, to the extent that both of those conceptions neglect the internal links between truth commissions and criminal trials. Interpreting the requirements of retribution, responsibility and truth-telling, the paper argues that trials and truth commissions should be placed at points on a spectrum rather than in distinct categories, and that the circumstances of political transition explain the divergences in their respective practices. We may see truth commissions and trials as expressing the same aims of justice, though in contextually differentiated ways that modify both the subordinate principles required by the aims of justice and also their institutional expression. Resume. Cet article remet en question la conception realiste et la conception reparatrice des commissions de verite, dans la mesure ou toutes les deux negligent les liens internes entre les commissions de verite et les proces criminels. Interpretant les exigences de retribution, de responsabilite et de veracite, l'article avance que les proces et les commissions de verite devraient etre situes en divers points du meme spectre plutot que dans des categories distinctes et que les circonstances de transition politique expliquent les differences entre leurs pratiques respectives. On peut considerer les commissions de verite et les proces comme traduisant une meme \u201cpoursuite de la justice\u201d, bien que les differences de contexte modifient dans chaque cas les principes subalternes qu'impose la recherche de la justice et, de ce fait, changent aussi leur expression institutionnelle." }, { "paper": "1675968635", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "and how the problems eluded peer reviewers and editors", "label": [ "2776050585" ], "author": [ "2084455017" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "stem cellswhen science s editors received a submission describing 11 embryonic stem cell lines created from the dna of ailing patients they recognized its potentially explosive importance but little did they or the nine outside researchers who examined the paper with varying degrees of scrutiny realize just how explosive the paper would be read more 1 1 http www sciencemag org cgi content full 311 5757 23", "title_raw": "And How the Problems Eluded Peer Reviewers and Editors", "abstract_raw": "STEM CELLSWhen Science 's editors received a submission describing 11 embryonic stem cell lines created from the DNA of ailing patients, they recognized its potentially explosive importance. But little did they, or the nine outside researchers who examined the paper with varying degrees of scrutiny, realize just how explosive the paper would be. ([Read more][1].)\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/311/5757/23" }, { "paper": "1977272062", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2006", "title": "turkey the united states and the delusion of geopolitics", "label": [ "201960208" ], "author": [ "2336447559" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "us turkish relations have been driven by a narrow concept of geopolitics today the key questions are not geographic or theoretical whether turkey is a bridge or a barrier a flank or a front but how turkey will act and whether turkish and american policies are convergent or divergent for decades the relationship between ankara and washington has been described as strategic sustained and supportive of the most important objectives of both sides the strategic quality of the relationship can no longer be taken for granted a reinvigorated strategic relationship is possible but is likely to have quite different contours with new forms of engagement and more realistic expectations", "title_raw": "Turkey, the United States and the Delusion of geopolitics", "abstract_raw": "US\u2013Turkish relations have been driven by a narrow concept of geopolitics. Today, the key questions are not geographic or theoretical \u2013 whether Turkey is a bridge or a barrier, a flank or a front \u2013 but how Turkey will act, and whether Turkish and American policies are convergent or divergent. For decades, the relationship between Ankara and Washington has been described as \u2018strategic\u2019 \u2013 sustained and supportive of the most important objectives of both sides. The strategic quality of the relationship can no longer be taken for granted. A reinvigorated strategic relationship is possible, but is likely to have quite different contours, with new forms of engagement and more realistic expectations." }, { "paper": "1571490425", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2006", "title": "prosecutors allege elaborate deception and missing funds", "label": [ "2776529561", "199539241", "2779267917", "188084074" ], "author": [ "2657237313", "3199070726" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "korean cloning scandalseoul once famed now disgraced stem cell pioneer woo suk hwang was indicted on 12 may on charges of fraud embezzlement and violations of a bioethics law read more 1 1 http www sciencemag org cgi content full 312 5776 980", "title_raw": "Prosecutors Allege Elaborate Deception and Missing Funds", "abstract_raw": "KOREAN CLONING SCANDALSEOUL-- Once-famed, now-disgraced stem cell pioneer Woo Suk Hwang was indicted on 12 May on charges of fraud, embezzlement, and violations of a bioethics law. ([Read more][1].)\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5776/980" }, { "paper": "2077370892", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2006", "title": "book review inderjeet parmar think tanks and power in foreign policy a comparative study of the role and influence of the council on foreign relations and the royal institute of international affairs 1939 1945 basingstoke palgrave 2004 267 pp 50 hbk", "label": [ "44394981", "34355311", "2776051254", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2132410745" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Inderjeet Parmar, Think Tanks and Power in Foreign Policy: A Comparative Study of the Role and Influence of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1939\u20141945 (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2004, 267 pp., \u00a350 hbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2593486393", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2006", "title": "furthering democracy in mexico", "label": [ "2781243023", "2779220109", "2776129789", "555826173", "17058734", "94625758", "2777582232" ], "author": [ "2517556560" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in july 2006 mexico will have an opportunity to consolidate its democratic process for the first time in modern history only then wiul it be clear whether the political changes of the past five years have taken hold whether the country will go on building democracy and implementing much needed reforms or instead fall into the sort of periodic crisis that has characterized too much of its past the 2000 presidential election was mexico s first truly democratic national contest in a century and the victory of vicente fox a former coca cola executive running on the ticket of the center right pan the national action party put an end to 71 years of oligarchic rule by the pri the institutional revolutionary party in contrast to the electoral theater and pseudodemocratic displays of the previous seven decades and much to the credit ofthen president ernesto zedillo the election was an honest one and its results were incontrovertible fox s victory in 2000 triggered hopes for profound change and the opening days of his presidency were a heady time for mexicans but it was not the first time mexico had experienced such optimism in 1911 francisco madero found himself at a similar turning point he had become president after leading the first stage of the mexican revolution but he was immediately bedeviled by a host of problems a deeply divided congress an abusive press the enmity of u s ambas sador henry lane wilson and the hatred of a military establishment", "title_raw": "Furthering Democracy in Mexico", "abstract_raw": "IN JULY 2006, Mexico will have an opportunity to consolidate its democratic process for the first time in modern history. Only then wiUl it be clear whether the political changes of the past five years have taken hold-whether the country will go on building democracy and implementing much-needed reforms or instead fall into the sort of periodic crisis that has characterized too much of its past. The 2000 presidential election was Mexico's first truly democratic national contest in a century, and the victory of Vicente Fox-a former Coca-Cola executive running on the ticket of the center-right PAN (the National Action Party)-put an end to 71 years of oligarchic rule by the PRI (the Institutional Revolutionary Party). In contrast to the electoral theater and pseudodemocratic displays of the previous seven decades, and much to the credit ofthen President Ernesto Zedillo, the election was an honest one, and its results were incontrovertible. Fox's victory in 2000 triggered hopes for profound change, and the opening days of his presidency were a heady time for Mexicans. But it was not the first time Mexico had experienced such optimism. In 1911, Francisco Madero found himself at a similar turning point. He had become president after leading the first stage of the Mexican Revolution, but he was immediately bedeviled by a host of problems: a deeply divided Congress, an abusive press, the enmity of U.S. Ambas sador Henry Lane Wilson, and the hatred of a military establishment" }, { "paper": "2052066597", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2006", "title": "iran and north korea the proliferation nexus", "label": [ "194110935", "76775654" ], "author": [ "2168568534" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "north korea and iran today present the greatest proliferation dangers to world security of the two north korea is pre eminent in nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles in the past four years pyo", "title_raw": "Iran and North Korea: The proliferation Nexus", "abstract_raw": "North Korea and Iran today present the greatest proliferation dangers to world security. Of the two, North Korea is pre-eminent in nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles. In the past four years Pyo..." }, { "paper": "2035970549", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2006", "title": "indigenous health in australia new zealand and the pacific", "label": [ "47344431", "2776001114", "531593650", "2777673361" ], "author": [ "3161652947", "2188073088", "156533224", "2669531185", "2237859163", "1984605288" ], "reference": [ "53040247", "178419342", "285873203", "566045947", "577897091", "1145194562", "1517094287", "1531381944", "1531505534", "1535073678", "1605755188", "1608321039", "1967802547", "1983766745", "2000025545", "2010508780", "2013449018", "2031284601", "2034190742", "2038688938", "2049117917", "2070206352", "2073691008", "2080341187", "2087026859", "2090769565", "2091968660", "2119142477", "2134307911", "2141444404", "2162662103", "2188989001", "2228192894", "2290937870", "2340470610", "2341963530", "2418529913", "2474493042", "2474566290", "2591117640", "2756372477", "2972711222", "2993425868", "3123772148", "3126323133" ], "abstract": "summary we survey indigenous health issues across the pacific with a case study approach that focuses on australia new zealand hawai i and us associated micronesia for each case study we provide an overview of the indigenous population its colonial history and current health and social outcomes in the discussion that follows we flag some of the key policy initiatives that have been developed to address indigenous health disadvantage albeit within the context of continuing debates about indigenous rights and policy", "title_raw": "Indigenous health in Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific", "abstract_raw": "Summary We survey Indigenous health issues across the Pacific with a case study approach that focuses on Australia, New Zealand, Hawai\u2018i, and US Associated Micronesia. For each case study, we provide an overview of the Indigenous population, its colonial history, and current health and social outcomes. In the discussion that follows, we flag some of the key policy initiatives that have been developed to address Indigenous health disadvantage, albeit within the context of continuing debates about Indigenous rights and policy." }, { "paper": "2006224444", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2006", "title": "guarding the guards the european convention and the communitization of police co operation", "label": [ "2781440851", "95691615", "2780608745", "139621336", "199539241" ], "author": [ "3022912099" ], "reference": [ "245725215", "604568593", "622612739", "1569311777", "1977215000", "1978547409", "1985776815", "1996891973", "2001657074", "2009667529", "2104112353", "2167471718", "2489934822", "2499506701", "2899422140" ], "abstract": "abstract one of the core principles of the liberal constitutional state namely that the police must be subject to efficient parliamentary and judicial control has been challenged by the establishment of a european police office europol as with justice and home affairs co operation more generally europol has deliberately been kept at arm s length from any supranational control by the european parliament and the european court of justice critics were particularly concerned about the envisioned assignment of operational powers to europol which aggravate the gap between policing powers and the ineffectiveness of their control after two intergovernmental conferences had failed to establish effective parliamentary and judicial control over europol the constitutional convention agreed to abolish the pillar structure and as a consequence subject europol to supranational control this paper analyses the arguments put forward in favour of constitutionalization and the conditions that contributed to succe", "title_raw": "Guarding the guards. The European Convention and the communitization of police co-operation", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACT One of the core principles of the liberal constitutional state, namely that the police must be subject to efficient parliamentary and judicial control, has been challenged by the establishment of a European Police Office (Europol). As with justice and home affairs co-operation more generally, Europol has deliberately been kept at arm's length from any supranational control by the European Parliament and the European Court of Justice. Critics were particularly concerned about the envisioned assignment of operational powers to Europol which aggravate the gap between policing powers and the ineffectiveness of their control. After two intergovernmental conferences had failed to establish effective parliamentary and judicial control over Europol, the Constitutional Convention agreed to abolish the pillar structure and, as a consequence, subject Europol to supranational control. This paper analyses the arguments put forward in favour of constitutionalization and the conditions that contributed to succe..." }, { "paper": "2028558762", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2006", "title": "friends like these counterinsurgency and the war on terrorism", "label": [ "2775907854", "203133693", "199539241", "81631423" ], "author": [ "2025115558" ], "reference": [ "6315747", "58236899", "104611104", "215771622", "281793192", "338913944", "347824180", "566091673", "588594050", "601299145", "615162737", "627091712", "642832057", "649899123", "936938653", "1484239706", "1489018916", "1489681324", "1496379277", "1504798914", "1573303792", "1590290259", "1602363833", "1767515428", "1852606535", "1963819217", "1968068330", "1974638294", "1980618253", "1982939642", "1993452298", "1997542402", "2005552889", "2024644333", "2028515217", "2034591054", "2034619060", "2036574005", "2036840657", "2040949826", "2041140788", "2045421406", "2049661928", "2052183344", "2059783390", "2060185460", "2060355030", "2064279229", "2067286243", "2073024788", "2081521557", "2087663097", "2122413862", "2151780178", "2161862080", "2163265351", "2315823945", "2335005077", "2346464427", "2566916765", "2743526914", "3024885294", "3125149404" ], "abstract": "u s allies that are fighting al qaida linked insurgencies often suffer illegitimate regimes civil military tension manifested by fears of a coup economic backwardness and discriminatory societies these problems coupled with allies divergent interests serve to weaken allied military and security forces tactically operationally and strategically the ability of the united states to change its allies behavior is limited despite the tremendous difficulties these problems create because relying on allied forces is a key component of u s strategy in the war on terrorism and the u s goal of handing off security to iraqi military forces to reduce the effects of allies weaknesses the united states should try to increase its intelligence on allied security forces and at times act more like a third party to a conflict in addition washington must have realistic expectations of what training and other efforts can accomplish", "title_raw": "Friends Like These: Counterinsurgency and the War on Terrorism", "abstract_raw": "U.S. allies that are fighting al-Qaida-linked insurgencies often suffer illegitimate regimes, civil-military tension manifested by fears of a coup, economic backwardness, and discriminatory societies. These problems, coupled with allies' divergent interests, serve to weaken allied military and security forces tactically, operationally, and strategically. The ability of the United States to change its allies' behavior is limited, despite the tremendous difficulties these problems create, because relying on allied forces is a key component of U.S. strategy in the war on terrorism and the U.S. goal of handing off security to Iraqi military forces. To reduce the effects of allies' weaknesses, the United States should try to increase its intelligence on allied security forces and at times act more like a third party to a conflict. In addition, Washington must have realistic expectations of what training and other efforts can accomplish." }, { "paper": "1552845354", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2007", "title": "pentagon asks academics for help in understanding its enemies", "label": [ "187155963", "2779965921" ], "author": [ "2232726435" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "cross cultural researcha new program at the u s department of defense would support research on how local populations behave in a war zone read more 1 1 http www sciencemag org cgi content full 316 5824 534", "title_raw": "Pentagon Asks Academics for Help in Understanding Its Enemies", "abstract_raw": "CROSS-CULTURAL RESEARCHA new program at the U.S. Department of Defense would support research on how local populations behave in a war zone. ([Read more][1].)\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/316/5824/534" }, { "paper": "2335292517", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2007", "title": "globalization philanthropy and civil society toward a new political culture in the twenty first century", "label": [ "81307892", "513891491", "2119116" ], "author": [ "2575186313" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Globalization, Philanthropy, and Civil Society: Toward a New Political Culture in the Twenty-First Century:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2060258226", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2007", "title": "the europeanization of british politics edited by i bache and a jordan", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2117294022" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Europeanization of British Politics \u2013 Edited by I. Bache and A. Jordan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1963347888", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2007", "title": "african leaders endorse science initiatives", "label": [ "3116431", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2270633014" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "african sciencepretoria south africa at last week s african union summit in addis ababa ethiopia the heads of state approved initiatives aimed at bolstering research and increasing the continent s clout on intellectual property issues read more 1 1 http www sciencemag org cgi content full 315 5813 748a", "title_raw": "African Leaders Endorse Science Initiatives", "abstract_raw": "AFRICAN SCIENCEPRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA-- At last week's African Union summit in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the heads of state approved initiatives aimed at bolstering research and increasing the continent's clout on intellectual-property issues. ([Read more][1].)\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/315/5813/748a" }, { "paper": "2944701982", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2007", "title": "homeland calling transnational obligations and de territorialized citizenship among serbian migrants in denmark", "label": [ "2778880830", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2124508128" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Homeland calling: Transnational obligations and de-territorialized citizenship among Serbian migrants in Denmark", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2391339278", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2007", "title": "diversification of opportunities in the massification of higher education policies in australia and its inspiration", "label": [ "120912362" ], "author": [ "2366064335" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "among quite a few reforms under the circumstances of higher education massification the diversification of educational opportunities stands out as an important one australia set one policy named the 13th year in order to enhance the interaction between high school and higher educational sectors and to promote broad based learning the policy breaks away from the strategies of untaking higher higher education practice under traditional circumstances realizing the reform of educational opportunity diversification inspired by the astralian practice we should establish an educational buffer zone to improve the flexibility of higher education process to widen the scope of students rights to choose during their learning this is an issue that needs further studying while diversification of educational opportunities is uder practice in the course of higher education massification in our country", "title_raw": "Diversification of opportunities in the massification of higher education: policies in Australia and its inspiration", "abstract_raw": "Among quite a few reforms under the circumstances of higher education massification,the diversification of educational opportunities stands out as an important one.Australia set one policy named \"the 13th year\" in order to enhance the interaction between high school and higher educational sectors,and to promote broad-based learning.The policy breaks away from the strategies of untaking higher higher education practice under traditional circumstances,realizing the reform of educational opportunity diversification.Inspired by the Astralian practice,we should establish an \"educational buffer zone\" to improve the flexibility of higher education process,to widen the scope of students' rights to choose during their learning.This is an issue that needs further studying while diversification of educational opportunities is uder practice in the course of higher education massification in our country." }, { "paper": "1999357064", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2007", "title": "generation age and time the dynamics of political learning during russia s transformation", "label": [ "68346564", "555826173", "94625758", "186449174" ], "author": [ "1995056830", "2107461743" ], "reference": [ "145920667", "1001152133", "1570684270", "1593208101", "1941849764", "1968327343", "1976025742", "1978028201", "1984448356", "1993042751", "1998425788", "2026615279", "2033457513", "2038198465", "2048887778", "2054499888", "2055210023", "2057777851", "2068635279", "2074077503", "2078465933", "2089559945", "2123274781", "2126007183", "2129420037", "2145631622", "2168659096", "2249740489", "2304361434", "2315861043", "2321782507", "2323963262", "2324392187", "2335178186", "2497435097", "2587749722", "2588638994", "2737257658", "3121147769" ], "abstract": "when the soviet union collapsed most russians had lived their entire lives in a quintessentially authoritarian culture having been socialized in this environment how could citizens acquire the attitudes and behaviors necessary to support a new more pluralistic regime cultural theories of political learning emphasize the primacy of childhood socialization and hold that altering initial attitudes is a decades long process that depends on generational replacement institutional theories emphasize adult relearning in response to changing circumstances regardless of socialization lifetime learning integrates the competing perspectives multilevel models using new russia barometer data from 1992 to 2005 confirm the persistence of some generational differences in russian political attitudes but demonstrate even larger effects resulting from adult relearning lifetime learning provides the most comprehensive account and suggests that russians would quickly acquire the attitudes and behaviors appropriate to democracy if russian elites supply more authentic democratic institutions", "title_raw": "Generation, age, and time: The dynamics of political learning during Russia's transformation", "abstract_raw": "When the Soviet Union collapsed, most Russians had lived their entire lives in a quintessentially authoritarian culture. Having been socialized in this environment, how could citizens acquire the attitudes and behaviors necessary to support a new, more pluralistic regime? Cultural theories of political learning emphasize the primacy of childhood socialization and hold that altering initial attitudes is a decades-long process that depends on generational replacement. Institutional theories emphasize adult relearning in response to changing circumstances regardless of socialization. Lifetime learning integrates the competing perspectives. Multilevel models using New Russia Barometer data from 1992 to 2005 confirm the persistence of some generational differences in Russian political attitudes but demonstrate even larger effects resulting from adult relearning. Lifetime learning provides the most comprehensive account and suggests that Russians would quickly acquire the attitudes and behaviors appropriate to democracy\u2014if Russian elites supply more authentic democratic institutions." }, { "paper": "170536216", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2007", "title": "the military commissions act the geneva conventions and the courts a critical guide", "label": [ "2779100428", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2519399283" ], "reference": [ "646632006" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Military Commissions Act, the Geneva Conventions, and the Courts: A Critical Guide", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1963861104", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2007", "title": "nature and hitler", "label": [ "5616717", "121578661" ], "author": [ "2203380127", "2119497745" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "nature under the editorship of sir richard gregory 1919 39 was banned in nazi germany uwe hossfeld and lennart olsson explore the clash between science and national socialism", "title_raw": "Nature and Hitler", "abstract_raw": "Nature under the editorship of Sir Richard Gregory (1919\u201339) was banned in Nazi Germany. Uwe Hossfeld and Lennart Olsson explore the clash between science and national socialism." }, { "paper": "2068264906", "venue": "48869744", "year": "2007", "title": "presidential campaigning in the 2002 congressional elections", "label": [ "3116431", "2776967331", "197487636", "2780586970" ], "author": [ "283184532", "2124527607" ], "reference": [ "1497123038", "1529991977", "1966743310", "1987433114", "1993661386", "2001975481", "2016382728", "2020086515", "2020694618", "2044684904", "2063236012", "2073638502", "2080649188", "2097730865", "2098910318", "2105461624", "2109477002", "2112746941", "2122090987", "2126189675", "2147615589", "2147900534", "2151796435", "2158744754", "2159435158", "2162770962", "2163168530", "2169981250", "2318352626", "2320189266", "2325422235", "2328150757", "2329470736", "3121428321", "3125266207", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "theories involving coattails surge and decline presidential popularity and the economy ascribe little importance to presidential efforts to influence congressional elections since such efforts do occur we ask what happens when a president campaigns for fellow partisans we examined president george w bush s decisions to campaign for certain house candidates in 2002 and we assessed the effect of his visits on republicans electoral successes both the competitiveness of a race and the president s electoral self interest increased the likelihood of a visit on behalf of a candidate neither party loyalty nor presidential support in congress had an effect we conclude that presidential campaign visits significantly enhance candidates electoral prospects", "title_raw": "Presidential Campaigning in the 2002 Congressional Elections", "abstract_raw": "Theories involving coattails, surge and decline, presidential popularity, and the economy ascribe little importance to presidential efforts to influence congressional elections. Since such efforts do occur, we ask: What happens when a president campaigns for fellow partisans? We examined President George W. Bush's decisions to campaign for certain House candidates in 2002, and we assessed the effect of his visits on Republicans' electoral successes. Both the competitiveness of a race and the president's electoral self-interest increased the likelihood of a visit on behalf of a candidate. Neither party loyalty nor presidential support in Congress had an effect. We conclude that presidential campaign visits significantly enhance candidates' electoral prospects." }, { "paper": "2968683274", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2007", "title": "it cooperation between korea and vietnam current status and prospects", "label": [ "121017731" ], "author": [ "3017200407", "2968118880" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "IT Cooperation between Korea and Vietnam : Current Status and Prospects", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1978444751", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2007", "title": "even rules uneven practices opening the black box of eu law in action", "label": [ "2779777834", "2776193682", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1979393184" ], "reference": [ "154874017", "567626571", "586253714", "587603535", "590811187", "611839721", "612396548", "613792807", "629273384", "633847552", "1481636486", "1497975115", "1501250910", "1510412190", "1573236186", "2037927976", "2039068626", "2056514185", "2061866636", "2064975227", "2109120859", "2141453572", "2142629203", "2142995121", "2145593620", "2168035645", "2281344267", "2347004236", "2423923600", "2483582116", "2946157416", "2969815311", "3124283101" ], "abstract": "while considerable attention is paid to the legal aspect of implementation of european directives the practical street level implementation of eu law remains to a large extent a black box this article sheds light on this black box with a study on the implementation of the safety data sheets directive in the netherlands germany the united kingdom and spain this cross national analysis reveals that different phases in the implementation process leave different traces although the member states correctly and completely transposed the directive compliance by the regulated leaves something to be desired and enforcement by regulators is rare and varies considerably between and within the countries this article looks into the factors that explain why even rules do not necessarily lead to even practices and argues for more attention for the phase of practical implementation", "title_raw": "Even rules, uneven practices: Opening the \u2018black box\u2019 of EU law in action", "abstract_raw": "While considerable attention is paid to the legal aspect of implementation of European directives, the practical \u2018street-level\u2019 implementation of EU law remains to a large extent a \u2018black box\u2019. This article sheds light on this black box with a study on the implementation of the Safety Data Sheets Directive in the Netherlands, Germany, the United Kingdom and Spain. This cross-national analysis reveals that different phases in the implementation process leave different traces. Although the member states correctly and completely transposed the directive, compliance by the regulated leaves something to be desired and enforcement by regulators is rare and varies considerably between and within the countries. This article looks into the factors that explain why even rules do not necessarily lead to even practices and argues for more attention for the phase of practical implementation." }, { "paper": "2411894705", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2007", "title": "seed money to bring in pioneers", "label": [ "2778139618", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "40770122" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Seed money to bring in pioneers.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1502585314", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2007", "title": "genetics europe going to the dogs", "label": [ "2780465443" ], "author": [ "1791649113" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "geneticsresearchers from more than 20 european institutions are poised to make a champion showing in the field of dog genetics thanks to a pending european union award for about 16 million", "title_raw": "Genetics. Europe going to the dogs.", "abstract_raw": "GENETICSResearchers from more than 20 European institutions are poised to make a champion showing in the field of dog genetics, thanks to a pending European Union award for about $16 million." }, { "paper": "2168365196", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2007", "title": "legitimating european union accession political elites and public opinion in latvia 2003 2004", "label": [ "199539241", "134698397", "46295352", "2781462389", "94625758", "2775987171" ], "author": [ "626606835" ], "reference": [ "1983042983", "2075748313", "2112825415", "2171294499", "2479735226", "2481599274", "2493597171", "3123156136" ], "abstract": "there is growing attention to problems of european union eu legitimacy and in particular the lack of affective links between the political elites engaged in integration and public opinion political parties are in an influential position for helping to solve this problem with the eu s largest ever enlargement in may 2004 it is important to establish whether these problems are likely to be magnified or not although there was a strong vote in favour of eu membership in the referenda of 2003 in post communist countries this constituted more formal than substantial legitimacy for the eu taking the case of latvia it is already clear that some difficulties evident in the older member states are being repeated notably with respect to mass opinion and european integration as illustrated by the referendum of 2003 and european elections of 2004 on the one hand there is a political elite now versed in eu affairs but on the other public opinion remains largely ignorant of what membership entails in a", "title_raw": "Legitimating European Union Accession? Political Elites and Public Opinion in Latvia, 2003-2004", "abstract_raw": "There is growing attention to problems of European Union (EU) legitimacy and, in particular, the lack of affective links between the political elites engaged in integration and public opinion. Political parties are in an influential position for helping to solve this problem. With the EU's largest ever enlargement in May 2004, it is important to establish whether these problems are likely to be magnified or not. Although there was a strong vote in favour of EU membership in the referenda of 2003 in post-Communist countries, this constituted more formal than substantial legitimacy for the EU. Taking the case of Latvia, it is already clear that some difficulties evident in the older member states are being repeated, notably with respect to mass opinion and European integration, as illustrated by the referendum of 2003 and European elections of 2004. On the one hand, there is a political elite now versed in EU affairs but, on the other, public opinion remains largely ignorant of what membership entails. In a..." }, { "paper": "188402200", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2007", "title": "renewing american leadership", "label": [ "93377909", "555826173", "2776560864", "34969588", "531593650", "199539241", "3116431", "44394981", "2779845782", "2778007780" ], "author": [ "2627985519" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "at moments of great peril in the last century american leaders such as franklin roosevelt harrytruman andjohn f kennedy managed both to protect the american people and to expand opportunity for the next generation what is more they ensured that america by deed and example led and lifted the world that we stood for and fought for the freedoms sought by billions of people beyond our borders as roosevelt built the most formidable military the world had ever seen his four freedoms gave purpose to our struggle against fascism truman championed a bold new architecture to respond to the soviet threat one that paired military strength with the marshall plan and helped secure the peace and well being of nations around the world as colonialism crumbled and the soviet union achieved effective nuclear parity kennedy modernized our military doctrine strengthened our conventional forces and created the peace corps and the alliance for progress they used our strengths to show people everywhere america at its best today we are again called to provide visionary leadership this cen tury s threats are at least as dangerous as and in some ways more complex", "title_raw": "Renewing American Leadership", "abstract_raw": "AT MOMENTS of great peril in the last century, American leaders such as Franklin Roosevelt, HarryTruman, andJohn F. Kennedy managed both to protect the American people and to expand opportunity for the next generation. What is more, they ensured that America, by deed and example, led and lifted the world-that we stood for and fought for the freedoms sought by billions of people beyond our borders. As Roosevelt built the most formidable military the world had ever seen, his Four Freedoms gave purpose to our struggle against fascism. Truman championed a bold new architecture to respond to the Soviet threat-one that paired military strength with the Marshall Plan and helped secure the peace and well-being of nations around the world. As colonialism crumbled and the Soviet Union achieved effective nuclear parity, Kennedy modernized our military doctrine, strengthened our conventional forces, and created the Peace Corps and the Alliance for Progress. They used our strengths to show people everywhere America at its best. Today, we are again called to provide visionary leadership. This cen tury's threats are at least as dangerous as and in some ways more complex" }, { "paper": "2073815025", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2007", "title": "when do states comply with international treaties policies on violence against women in post communist countries", "label": [ "2779080126", "86615163", "3116431", "2776153805", "2776713681", "55447825", "169437150" ], "author": [ "255013659" ], "reference": [ "17128852", "149816874", "437877368", "575669921", "587774908", "628134342", "1552710049", "1552731869", "1561406324", "1965278510", "1983556216", "1987735095", "1997528770", "2027398644", "2029732602", "2045933732", "2082484556", "2086774486", "2093248821", "2117963577", "2118463881", "2120924310", "2124480179", "2131158433", "2147111138", "2159182169", "2159691769", "2160782897", "2166735555", "2252813084", "2327357418", "2505029286", "3122298797", "3122758306", "3124467954", "3125178896" ], "abstract": "there is growing evidence that states formal ratification of international human rights treaties does not generate changes in states domestic human rights practice this article proposes to investigate a gap between states formal commitments to international laws and their domestic practice by careful differentiation of mechanisms of social influence coercion persuasion and acculturation it is argued that each mechanism has profound implications for rates of ratification of international treaties and the scope of implementation two arguments drive the discussion first states often ratify international treaties in response to perceived or real social pressures to formally assimilate with other states in the global arena thus they do not have intentions or capacities to implement them second ratification of human rights agreements makes states vulnerable to social pressures of monitoring bodies which generates different levels of policy compliance i explore the empirical merits of this approach on the analysis of government compliance with the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women provisions on violence against women in 26 post communist countries of central and eastern europe and central asia", "title_raw": "When Do States Comply with International Treaties? Policies on Violence against Women in Post-Communist Countries", "abstract_raw": "There is growing evidence that states\u2019 formal ratification of international human rights treaties does not generate changes in states\u2019 domestic human rights practice. This article proposes to investigate a gap between states\u2019 formal commitments to international laws and their domestic practice by careful differentiation of mechanisms of social influence: coercion, persuasion, and acculturation. It is argued that each mechanism has profound implications for rates of ratification of international treaties and the scope of implementation. Two arguments drive the discussion. First, states often ratify international treaties in response to perceived or real social pressures to formally assimilate with other states in the global arena. Thus, they do not have intentions or capacities to implement them. Second, ratification of human rights agreements makes states vulnerable to social pressures of monitoring bodies, which generates different levels of policy compliance. I explore the empirical merits of this approach on the analysis of government compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women provisions on violence against women in 26 post-Communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia." }, { "paper": "1979588702", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2007", "title": "divide and pacify strategic social policies and political protests in post communist democraciesby pieter vanhuysse", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2045128083" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Divide and Pacify: Strategic Social Policies and Political Protests in Post-Communist Democraciesby Pieter Vanhuysse", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2003186341", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2007", "title": "plagiarism is not fair play", "label": [ "125209646", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2684184219" ], "reference": [ "2021029721", "2026068344", "2095139587" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "PLAGIARISM IS NOT FAIR PLAY", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2886990548", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2007", "title": "global sexual behaviour authors reply letter", "label": [ "2777111884", "189326681" ], "author": [ "2887875099", "2885142174" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "kaye wellings and colleagues suggest that typical promiscuity ie the level of multiple partnerships does not explain why hiv prevalence is higher in africa than in western countries as wellings and colleagues state these data do not capture whether partnerships exist concurrently or serially concurrent sexual partnerships those that overlap in time allow more rapid spread of sexually transmitted infections than do the same rate of new sequential partnerships we agree that the distinction between serial and concurrent partnerships is crucial and that longer term concurrent partnerships seem to be particularly common in some african countries wellings and colleagues also suggest that poverty not promiscuity explains the spread of aids in africa however we suggest another explanation for africas high hiv rates many studies have shown that the poorest africans especially subsistence farmers tend to have lower hiv infection rates than traders businessmen and other relatively wealthy people in africa many longer term relationships that do not involve prostitution nevertheless tend to have a powerful transactional element people with more disposable income might thus be more able to maintain multiple concurrent relationships although very few are rich by western standards they are never the less at the leading edge of the massive social and economic transition occurring in africa today from an agrarian past to a semi industrialised present characterised by rapid urbanisation high unemployment and lack of social security as with all such transitions this creates upheavals in basic norms customs and values which might facilitate the spread of hiv excerpt", "title_raw": "Global sexual behaviour. Authors reply [letter]", "abstract_raw": "Kaye Wellings and colleagues suggest that typical promiscuity--ie the level of multiple partnerships--does not explain why HIV prevalence is higher in Africa than in western countries. As Wellings and colleagues state \"These data do not capture whether partnerships exist concurrently or serially. Concurrent sexual partnerships (those that overlap in time) allow more rapid spread of sexually transmitted infections than do the same rate of new sequential partnerships.\" We agree that the distinction between serial and concurrent partnerships is crucial and that longer term concurrent partnerships seem to be particularly common in some African countries. Wellings and colleagues also suggest that poverty not promiscuity explains the spread of AIDS in Africa. However we suggest another explanation for Africas high HIV rates. Many studies have shown that the poorest Africans--especially subsistence farmers--tend to have lower HIV infection rates than traders businessmen and other relatively wealthy people. In Africa many longer term relationships that do not involve prostitution nevertheless tend to have a powerful \"transactional\" element. People with more disposable income might thus be more able to maintain multiple concurrent relationships. Although very few are \"rich\" by western standards they are never-the-less at the leading edge of the massive social and economic transition occurring in Africa today from an agrarian past to a semi-industrialised present characterised by rapid urbanisation high unemployment and lack of social security. As with all such transitions this creates upheavals in basic norms customs and values which might facilitate the spread of HIV. (excerpt)" }, { "paper": "2574454361", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2007", "title": "transitions in american social theory and the decline of public sociology at the end of the twentieth centurytranscending capitalism visions of a new society in modern american thought by brickhoward ithaca ny cornell university press 2006 324 pp 39 95 cloth isbn 9780801425905", "label": [ "203133693", "2780608745", "94625758", "514928085" ], "author": [ "86163940" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "today if the charge is really to look at the implications of the terrorist attack on the city then one would have to examine the implications of the role new york city plays in the international economy and what the attacks say about how it is seen elsewhere in the world but those questions badly as they may need asking were clearly beyond what the sponsors of these volumes undertook to address nor did the sponsors want to address pol icy implications yet there is at least one is sue that cries out for discussion and arises directly from the 9 11 recovery experience new york witnessed an outpouring of civic concern of citizen participation of wide spread and diverse and intense interest in the future of the city in the months after 9 11 that was perhaps unprecedented in the city s history five thousand people attended one mammoth session at its convention center looking at plans multiple forums and focus groups met to discuss alternatives profes sionals devoted time and energy to detailed interventions pubic testimony at hearings was energetic groups formed and mobilized about civic concerns throughout the city yet it all ended up for nothing or at most with marginal impact what a tremendous oppor tunity was lost this was perhaps the second great tragedy of 9 11 that the upsurge of collective concern for the city s good was not able to break through the selfish private and institutional and narrow political interests that ran the show having said all this if the three volumes are simply seen as taking stock rather than as an analysis as a summary of where particu lar groups and particular issues stand some four years after 9 11 they succeed admirably it is only if the aspiration was higher for a social science grounded analysis of the eco nomic social and political implications of the terrorist attack on the city in the words of the foreword to each of the three vol umes that fault can be found and even here the volumes remain useful for anyone wishing to carry the task of analysis forward one hopes that the russell sage foundation will not stop with the rich but essentially de scriptive work reflected by the three vol umes but will go further to explore the vital questions they raise", "title_raw": "Transitions in American Social Theory and the Decline of Public Sociology at the End of the Twentieth CenturyTranscending Capitalism: Visions of a New Society in Modern American Thought, by BrickHoward. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006. 324 pp. $39.95 cloth. ISBN: 9780801425905.", "abstract_raw": "today): if the charge is really to look at \"the implications of the terrorist attack on the city,\" then one would have to examine the implications of the role New York City plays in the international economy and what the attacks say about how it is seen elsewhere in the world. But those questions, badly as they may need asking, were clearly beyond what the sponsors of these volumes undertook to address. Nor did the sponsors want to address pol icy implications. Yet there is at least one is sue that cries out for discussion, and arises directly from the 9/11 recovery experience. New York witnessed an outpouring of civic concern, of citizen participation, of wide spread and diverse and intense interest in the future of the city, in the months after 9/11, that was perhaps unprecedented in the City's history. Five thousand people attended one mammoth session at its convention center looking at plans; multiple forums and focus groups met to discuss alternatives; profes sionals devoted time and energy to detailed interventions; pubic testimony at hearings was energetic; groups formed and mobilized about civic concerns throughout the city. Yet it all ended up for nothing, or at most with marginal impact. What a tremendous oppor tunity was lost! This was perhaps the second great tragedy of 9/11-that the upsurge of collective concern for the city's good was not able to break through the selfish private and institutional and narrow political interests that ran the show. Having said all this, if the three volumes are simply seen as taking stock rather than as an analysis, as a summary of where particu lar groups and particular issues stand some four years after 9/11, they succeed admirably. It is only if the aspiration was higher, for a social-science-grounded analysis of the \"eco nomic, social, and political implications of the terrorist attack on the city\" (in the words of the foreword to each of the three vol umes), that fault can be found. And even here, the volumes remain useful for anyone wishing to carry the task of analysis forward. One hopes that the Russell Sage Foundation will not stop with the rich but essentially de scriptive work reflected by the three vol umes, but will go further to explore the vital questions they raise." }, { "paper": "3125911196", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2007", "title": "the trouble with the mdgs confronting expectations of aid and development success", "label": [ "189326681", "2779503283" ], "author": [ "2158365881", "2001864468", "2101228584" ], "reference": [ "163220734", "314504655", "587338891", "1504166508", "1512185247", "1515683368", "1520554281", "1569384484", "1606592784", "1764822286", "1803796798", "1914739094", "1964732076", "1983830150", "1998945867", "1999408450", "1999505698", "2006440320", "2012024804", "2042063678", "2042783319", "2068616733", "2098001757", "2106639360", "2106770863", "2111308389", "2113635449", "2113909820", "2118525499", "2125584049", "2127808655", "2139242907", "2150406300", "2154820854", "2157930499", "2162665707", "2166323599", "2169191825", "2198847224", "2307097249", "2330715223", "2500272488", "2803072236", "2923890495", "2924548145", "2956146619", "2970410430", "3023351188", "3122152699", "3122604533", "3122672457", "3122745193", "3122931880", "3123970761", "3124412321", "3124435487", "3124490544", "3124897968", "3124922172", "3125364203", "3125425050", "3125624464" ], "abstract": "summary the united nations millennium development goals mdgs set targets that are implausible for a large number of countries many aid recipients will miss the goals notwithstanding rapid progress by historical standards available estimates of the cost of the mdgs constitute necessary expenditures if the goals were to somehow be met not expenditures that are sufficient for them to be met aid is on the rise but when other necessary conditions fail to materialize aid advocates who have claimed that more aid is sufficient may find aid blamed for false failures undermining the constituency for sustained engagement with poor countries 2007 elsevier ltd all rights reserved", "title_raw": "The Trouble with the MDGs: Confronting Expectations of Aid and Development Success", "abstract_raw": "Summary. \u2014 The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) set targets that are implausible for a large number of countries. Many aid recipients will miss the goals, notwithstanding rapid progress by historical standards. Available estimates of the \u2018\u2018cost\u2019\u2019 of the MDGs constitute necessary expenditures if the goals were to somehow be met, not expenditures that are sufficient for them to be met. Aid is on the rise; but when other necessary conditions fail to materialize, aid advocates who have claimed that more aid is sufficient may find aid blamed for false \u2018\u2018failures,\u2019\u2019 undermining the constituency for sustained engagement with poor countries. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved." }, { "paper": "2047538574", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2007", "title": "charting a new course", "label": [ "199539241", "528167355" ], "author": [ "285128990" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "forging a world of liberty under law us national security in the 21st century final report of the princeton project on national security princeton nj the woodrow wilson school of public and in", "title_raw": "Charting a New Course", "abstract_raw": "Forging a World of Liberty Under Law: US National Security in the 21st Century. Final Report of the Princeton Project on National Security. Princeton, NJ: The Woodrow Wilson School of Public and In..." }, { "paper": "2993628320", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2007", "title": "candidate selection the choice before the choice", "label": [ "94625758", "59742305", "555826173", "2777351106", "2777094542", "83009810", "2776398702", "199539241" ], "author": [ "151745640" ], "reference": [ "352117691", "563895899", "589444597", "595000837", "604741545", "616275915", "625184780", "1498339752", "1515504413", "1519820483", "1547872522", "1585919987", "1685660022", "1966544113", "2041393783", "2041765143", "2049142303", "2143858135", "2146164587", "2149518891", "2164451257", "2164970348", "2494127703", "2769101085" ], "abstract": "a crucial but neglected topic that should concern all students of de mocracy is how political parties choose the candidates who will run on their behalf if democracy can be compared to a restaurant where cus tomers voters order from a menu of parties and candidates the process of choosing which candidates will be on the ballot is like that of devis ing the menu itself and it all happens before even a single vote is cast in a general election in other words the topic is hugely important though one would never guess this from looking at the relative paucity of writings by scholars and pundits on this theme in most established democracies there are no laws telling parties how to choose their candidates and each party is free to make its own rules the few that do have such legislation include the united states germany new zealand norway until 2002 and finland in the united states each state determines in detail the way that the parties are to select their candidates in germany and also in new zealand since the 1990s the law lays out a general framework for candidate selection but leaves it to each party to decide whether its members or delegates whom the members select or both in the case of new zealand will choose candidates in norway from 1920 until 2002 parties selected their candidates through regional conventions comprising selected del egates in voluntary compliance with a nonbinding law that promised to pay for this process if a party followed the law s guidelines in neigh boring finland the law still obliges parties to grant their members the right to choose candidates in cases where the number of would be can didates is higher than the number of positions on the party list gideon rahat is a lecturer in political science at the hebrew univer sity of jerusalem he studies democratic institutions political parties and the politics of electoral reform he has coauthored articles on candidate selection for party politics and the journal of legislative studies", "title_raw": "CANDIDATE SELECTION: THE CHOICE BEFORE THE CHOICE", "abstract_raw": "A crucial but neglected topic that should concern all students of de- mocracy is how political parties choose the candidates who will run on their behalf. If democracy can be compared to a restaurant where cus- tomers (voters) order from a menu of parties and candidates, the process of choosing which candidates will be on the ballot is like that of devis- ing the menu itself\u2014and it all happens before even a single vote is cast in a general election. In other words, the topic is hugely important, though one would never guess this from looking at the relative paucity of writings by scholars and pundits on this theme. In most established democracies, there are no laws telling parties how to choose their candidates, and each party is free to make its own rules. The few that do have such legislation include the United States, Germany, New Zealand, Norway (until 2002), and Finland. In the United States, each state determines in detail the way that the parties are to select their candidates. In Germany (and also in New Zealand since the 1990s), the law lays out a general framework for candidate selection, but leaves it to each party to decide whether its members, or delegates whom the members select (or both, in the case of New Zealand), will choose candidates. In Norway from 1920 until 2002, parties selected their candidates through regional conventions comprising selected del- egates, in voluntary compliance with a nonbinding law that promised to pay for this process if a party followed the law's guidelines. In neigh- boring Finland, the law still obliges parties to grant their members the right to choose candidates (in cases where the number of would-be can- didates is higher than the number of positions on the party list). Gideon Rahat is a lecturer in political science at the Hebrew Univer- sity of Jerusalem. He studies democratic institutions, political parties, and the politics of electoral reform. He has coauthored articles on candidate selection for Party Politics and the Journal of Legislative Studies." }, { "paper": "1978512169", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2007", "title": "issue management and crisis management an integrated non linear relational construct", "label": [ "185874996", "2780851881" ], "author": [ "1999244105" ], "reference": [ "95931742", "562630803", "581208901", "591333551", "603182470", "604638810", "612756308", "639918579", "1505677392", "1548352164", "1592564658", "1600477442", "1964868734", "1970943778", "1976998233", "1983646924", "1985603292", "1988976469", "1999200520", "2011534967", "2013062831", "2020367808", "2025945472", "2042096898", "2043914891", "2046214488", "2050099904", "2058857801", "2065826119", "2079952929", "2088456716", "2100382590", "2100937829", "2121727398", "2131507808", "2153365139", "2171834479", "2228292617", "2885077608", "3125127443" ], "abstract": "abstract despite extensive attempts to define and differentiate issue management and crisis management the definitional approach and linear life cycle models which focus on the elements fail to capture the full dynamics of the disciplines instead of a focus on definitions this paper proposes a non linear relational construct which considers issue and crisis management in the context of interdependent activities and clusters of activity which must be managed at different stages this includes the role of issue management in both the pre crisis and post crisis phases the model addresses some of the limitations of linear approaches and helps analyze the outcomes and overlaps between activity clusters in order to optimize strategic relationships and enhance bottom line effectiveness", "title_raw": "Issue management and crisis management: An integrated, non-linear, relational construct", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Despite extensive attempts to define and differentiate issue management and crisis management, the definitional approach \u2013 and linear life-cycle models which focus on the elements \u2013 fail to capture the full dynamics of the disciplines. Instead of a focus on definitions, this paper proposes a non-linear, relational construct which considers issue and crisis management in the context of interdependent activities and clusters of activity which must be managed at different stages. This includes the role of issue management in both the pre-crisis and post-crisis phases. The model addresses some of the limitations of linear approaches and helps analyze the outcomes and overlaps between activity clusters in order to optimize strategic relationships and enhance bottom-line effectiveness." }, { "paper": "2111148991", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2007", "title": "the success of open source", "label": [ "94625758", "86511162" ], "author": [ "2270519339" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the success of open source steven weber cambridge ma harvard university press 2004 pp viii 312 the phenomenon of open source software produced by distributed networks of largely volunteer computer programmers has been studied by legal scholars economists sociologists anthropologists and computer scientists but has to date not drawn significant attention from political scientists steven weber s book undertakes a political economic analysis of this topic weber attempts to address the questions of what incentives establish and sustain co operation in the absence of direct monetary rewards and how a system of governance develops despite the lack of conventional exclusionary property rights", "title_raw": "The Success of Open Source", "abstract_raw": "The Success of Open Source , Steven Weber, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2004, pp. viii, 312. The phenomenon of open source software produced by distributed networks of largely volunteer computer programmers has been studied by legal scholars, economists, sociologists, anthropologists and computer scientists but has to date not drawn significant attention from political scientists. Steven Weber's book undertakes a political economic analysis of this topic. Weber attempts to address the questions of what incentives establish and sustain co-operation in the absence of direct monetary rewards and how a system of governance develops despite the lack of conventional exclusionary property rights." }, { "paper": "2092050244", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2007", "title": "regulatory competition and environmental enforcement is there a race to the bottom", "label": [ "2779777834", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2252060508" ], "reference": [ "203279948", "1484653907", "1486960811", "1511025912", "1550092350", "1558393125", "1911561111", "1973628995", "1975036040", "1979353549", "1980412904", "1981214564", "1987247498", "1990374728", "1993114397", "2023672597", "2028226037", "2037275305", "2049107268", "2058933884", "2063390365", "2065815578", "2068117744", "2072180958", "2073227892", "2091020207", "2109570616", "2113918955", "2118997366", "2124758339", "2130924472", "2149414305", "2150755838", "2152684954", "2153808381", "2154249768", "2161788312", "2166531513", "2169071529", "2172041548", "2313981725", "2314612648", "2334675978", "2473619694", "2610934768", "3121853129", "3121958823", "3123467751", "3124162861", "3125126200", "3125555402", "3125743621", "3125898755", "3152323781" ], "abstract": "this article examines several of the key hypotheses suggested by the race to the bottom theory in environmental regulation the research studies annual state level enforcement of federal air water and hazardous waste pollution control regulation covering the period from 1985 to 2000 specifically the study estimates a series of strategic interaction models to examine whether a state s environmental regulatory behavior is influenced by the regulatory behavior of the states with which it competes for economic investment while there is clear evidence of strategic interaction in state environmental regulatory behavior states do not respond in the asymmetric manner suggested by the race to the bottom theory", "title_raw": "Regulatory Competition and Environmental Enforcement: Is There a Race to the Bottom?", "abstract_raw": "This article examines several of the key hypotheses suggested by the race to the bottom theory in environmental regulation. The research studies annual state-level enforcement of federal air, water, and hazardous waste pollution control regulation, covering the period from 1985 to 2000. Specifically, the study estimates a series of strategic interaction models to examine whether a state's environmental regulatory behavior is influenced by the regulatory behavior of the states with which it competes for economic investment. While there is clear evidence of strategic interaction in state environmental regulatory behavior, states do not respond in the asymmetric manner suggested by the race to the bottom theory." }, { "paper": "2150422577", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2007", "title": "quixote s ghost the right the liberati and the future of social policy by david stoesz", "label": [ "19159745" ], "author": [ "2052246189" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Quixote's Ghost: The Right, the Liberati, and the Future of Social Policy \u2013 By David Stoesz", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2320675792", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2007", "title": "product review immigration gender and family transitions to adulthood in sweden", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "246504043" ], "reference": [ "2153342789" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Product Review: Immigration, Gender, and Family Transitions to Adulthood in Sweden", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2147245545", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2007", "title": "business and environmental policy corporate interests in the american political system", "label": [ "188888794", "2781046721", "72838440" ], "author": [ "2309633769" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Business and Environmental Policy: Corporate Interests in the American Political System", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2169290854", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2007", "title": "transformation and trouble crime justice and participation in democratic south africa by diana gordon ann arbor mi university of michigan press 2006 pp 382 us 27 95 pbk", "label": [ "139621336", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2618713597" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Transformation and Trouble: crime, justice, and participation in democratic South Africa by Diana Gordon Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2006. Pp. 382. US$27.95 (pbk.).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3121513239", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2007", "title": "wiretapping before the wires the post office and the birth of communications privacy", "label": [ "2776154427", "2776512386", "2780169623", "42027317", "199539241", "2779563796", "2780946765", "18650270", "17319257" ], "author": [ "2204904887" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Wiretapping Before the Wires: The Post Office and the Birth of Communications Privacy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2359474851", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2007", "title": "on open higher education", "label": [ "2776554220", "191935318", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2598832269" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "to build up an innovative country is a severe challenge that china s higher education faces to cope with the challenge what is general and can t be neglected most is to open higher education the genuine openness should stem from the inner ideals of higher education to open is not the end for it is only a means however it can guide almost all the basic tasks in heis to open higher education can make universities easier to spot problems seize opportunities shake off plight pursue excellence so as to promote further prosperity of the whole nation s higher education ecology", "title_raw": "On open higher education", "abstract_raw": "To build up an innovative country is a severe challenge that China's higher education faces.To cope with the challenge,what is general and can't be neglected most is to open higher education.The genuine openness should stem from the inner ideals of higher education.To open is not the end,for it is only a means.However,it can guide almost all the basic tasks in HEIs.To open higher education can make universities easier to spot problems,seize opportunities,shake off plight,pursue excellence,so as to promote further prosperity of the whole nation's higher education ecology." }, { "paper": "2129151844", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2007", "title": "do democracies have separation of religion and state", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2137738037" ], "reference": [ "110111080", "243293953", "642134984", "1531866392", "1603427163", "1606908014", "1621619283", "1964526222", "1978693030", "1981778320", "2007068647", "2021458120", "2021891063", "2022987790", "2030119242", "2035477701", "2041471805", "2041607960", "2054914007", "2075715808", "2087185734", "2088360360", "2110055333", "2110797680", "2117658745", "2122836796", "2128049627", "2128585980", "2134216767", "2135936182", "2142866176", "2144939276", "2146240021", "2149758946", "2151780178", "2153620475", "2168943027", "2275497515", "2315605050", "2317233637", "2324440273", "2327603336", "2516201771", "3005898555", "3122443639", "3125604857", "3141821884", "3144664410", "3167542047" ], "abstract": "abstract while many argue that separation of religion and state sras is an essential element of democracy others posit that religion is an essential element of democracy s moral underpinnings this study examines the debate using data from the religion and state ras dataset which includes 62 variables in six broader categories measuring different aspects of sras for all 152 states with populations of one million or more as well as data on democracy from the polity and freedom house datasets it also develops seven operational definitions of sras that can be constructed using this data overall the results show that a clear majority of democracies do not have sras even when evaluating multiple operational definitions of both democracy and sras however democracies tend to have lower average levels of government involvement in religion gir than do non democracies this is because while most democracies do not have sras there is an upper limit to the amount of gir that is found in any democracy that does not appear to apply to non democracies all this indicates that the proper question regarding religion and democracy is not one of sras but rather one of how much and what types of gir can democracies tolerate resume alors que de nombreuses personnes pretendent que la separation de la religion et de l etat est un element essentiel de la democratie d autres avancent que la religion est un element essentiel des fondations morales de la democratie cette etude analyse ce debat en utilisant des donnees provenant de la base de donnees religion and state qui comprend 62 variables regroupees en 6 grandes categories et mesurant les differents aspects de la separation de la religion et de l etat dans les 152 pays dont la population atteint un million d habitants ou plus ainsi que les donnees sur la democratie fournies par la base de donnees polity et l indicateur de freedom house l article met aussi au point sept definitions fonctionnelles de la separation de la religion et de l etat que l on peut composer a partir de ces donnees dans l ensemble les resultats montrent que la grande majorite des democraties ne pratiquent pas la separation de la religion et de l etat meme lorsque l on prend en compte plusieurs definitions fonctionnelles de la democratie et de la separation de la religion et de l etat en revanche le niveau moyen d engagement religieux du gouvernement tend a etre plus bas dans les democraties que dans les pays qui ne sont pas des democraties cela s explique par le fait que bien que la plupart des democraties ne pratiquent pas la separation de la religion et de l etat elles observent un plafond d engagement religieux qu on ne retrouve pas dans les pays qui ne sont pas des democraties tout ceci indique que la question la plus appropriee concernant la religion et la democratie n est pas celle de la separation de la religion et de l etat mais plutot celle du degre et des modeles d engagement religieux que les democraties peuvent tolerer de la part de leurs gouvernements", "title_raw": "Do Democracies Have Separation of Religion and State", "abstract_raw": "Abstract. While many argue that separation of religion and state (SRAS) is an essential element of democracy, others posit that religion is an essential element of democracy's moral underpinnings. This study examines the debate using data from the Religion and State (RAS) dataset, which includes 62 variables in six broader categories measuring different aspects of SRAS for all 152 states with populations of one million or more, as well as data on democracy from the Polity and Freedom House datasets. It also develops seven operational definitions of SRAS that can be constructed using this data. Overall, the results show that a clear majority of democracies do not have SRAS even when evaluating multiple operational definitions of both democracy and SRAS. However, democracies tend to have lower average levels of government involvement in religion (GIR) than do non-democracies. This is because, while most democracies do not have SRAS, there is an upper limit to the amount of GIR that is found in any democracy that does not appear to apply to non-democracies. All this indicates that the proper question regarding religion and democracy is not one of SRAS but rather one of how much and what types of GIR can democracies tolerate. Resume. Alors que de nombreuses personnes pretendent que la separation de la religion et de l'Etat est un element essentiel de la democratie, d'autres avancent que la religion est un element essentiel des fondations morales de la democratie. Cette etude analyse ce debat en utilisant des donnees provenant de la base de donnees Religion and State, qui comprend 62 variables regroupees en 6 grandes categories et mesurant les differents aspects de la separation de la religion et de l'Etat dans les 152 pays dont la population atteint un million d'habitants ou plus, ainsi que les donnees sur la democratie fournies par la base de donnees Polity et l'indicateur de Freedom House. L'article met aussi au point sept definitions fonctionnelles de la separation de la religion et de l'Etat, que l'on peut composer a partir de ces donnees. Dans l'ensemble, les resultats montrent que la grande majorite des democraties ne pratiquent pas la separation de la religion et de l'Etat, meme lorsque l'on prend en compte plusieurs definitions fonctionnelles de la democratie et de la separation de la religion et de l'Etat. En revanche, le niveau moyen d'engagement religieux du gouvernement tend a etre plus bas dans les democraties que dans les pays qui ne sont pas des democraties. Cela s'explique par le fait que, bien que la plupart des democraties ne pratiquent pas la separation de la religion et de l'Etat, elles observent un plafond d'engagement religieux qu'on ne retrouve pas dans les pays qui ne sont pas des democraties. Tout ceci indique que la question la plus appropriee concernant la religion et la democratie n'est pas celle de la separation de la religion et de l'Etat, mais plutot celle du degre et des modeles d'engagement religieux que les democraties peuvent tolerer de la part de leurs gouvernements." }, { "paper": "2010968623", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2007", "title": "a review of arab mass media newspapers radio and television in arab politics the making of arab news", "label": [ "201280247", "558299567", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2147675669" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Review of: \u201cArab Mass Media: Newspapers, Radio, and Television in Arab Politics/The Making of Arab News\u201d", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1991157869", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2007", "title": "bush and congress set debate on priorities", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "185328334", "555318903", "1819960626", "1234546282" ], "reference": [ "1967796460", "2032175056", "2084742109", "2086899333" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Bush and Congress set debate on priorities.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2541579464", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2007", "title": "toward a realistic peace", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2686109345" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Toward a Realistic Peace", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2067692341", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2007", "title": "building new deal liberalism the political economy of public works 1933 1956by jason scott smith", "label": [ "2776732289", "547727832" ], "author": [ "248498810" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Building New Deal Liberalism: The Political Economy of Public Works, 1933-1956by Jason Scott Smith", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2074226850", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2007", "title": "regime change u s strategy through the prism of 9 11by robert s litwak", "label": [ "2780093650" ], "author": [ "2143926200" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Regime Change: U.S. Strategy through the Prism of 9/11by Robert S. Litwak", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1966164230", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2007", "title": "the european union and regional integration a comparative perspective and lessons for the americas edited by j roy and r dominguez", "label": [ "2779015535" ], "author": [ "1613924855" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The European Union and Regional Integration: A Comparative Perspective and Lessons for the Americas \u2013 Edited by J. Roy and R. Dom\u00ednguez", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2138525088", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2007", "title": "voting in state supreme court elections competition and context as democratic incentives", "label": [ "59742305", "520049643", "3116431", "2777094542", "555826173", "2778272461", "2909001134" ], "author": [ "2236250071" ], "reference": [ "1501971629", "1598080077", "1969082321", "1970334818", "1972228073", "1986004541", "1991139742", "1996466942", "1997079454", "2003137207", "2006516415", "2006650489", "2016322903", "2040925003", "2041108440", "2047531443", "2065621923", "2065670687", "2067449176", "2072477216", "2077182114", "2088823877", "2092925293", "2097081042", "2100876666", "2108314437", "2112445646", "2116050873", "2118108840", "2119820089", "2124935745", "2149833781", "2151796435", "2166367887", "2313761899", "2320658655", "2321443311", "2329137464", "2333947148", "2334542907", "2335118470", "2617323979", "3122018807", "3125110455", "3125503099" ], "abstract": "to offer insight into the complex relationship between democratic processes and the judiciary and to expand knowledge about elections this article examines ballot roll off in 654 supreme court elections in 38 states from 1980 through 2000 specifically i evaluate the extent to which voter participation is responsive to competition incumbency and contextual forces that increase salience and information results indicate that voting is highly responsive to these factors thus supreme court elections bear a striking resemblance to elections for other offices and may be effective under certain circumstances for promoting democratic control of the bench further contextual forces have an important impact on citizen participation and must be included in satisfactory accounts of electoral politics from a practical perspective replacing partisan elections with nonpartisan or retention elections has the unintended consequence of inhibiting voting even when nonpartisan elections are contested thus some c", "title_raw": "Voting in State Supreme Court Elections: Competition and Context as Democratic Incentives", "abstract_raw": "To offer insight into the complex relationship between democratic processes and the judiciary and to expand knowledge about elections, this article examines ballot roll-off in 654 supreme court elections in 38 states from 1980 through 2000. Specifically, I evaluate the extent to which voter participation is responsive to competition, incumbency, and contextual forces that increase salience and information. Results indicate that voting is highly responsive to these factors. Thus, supreme court elections bear a striking resemblance to elections for other offices and may be effective under certain circumstances for promoting democratic control of the bench. Further, contextual forces have an important impact on citizen participation and must be included in satisfactory accounts of electoral politics. From a practical perspective, replacing partisan elections with nonpartisan or retention elections has the unintended consequence of inhibiting voting, even when nonpartisan elections are contested. Thus, some c..." }, { "paper": "2031023361", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2007", "title": "politicizing the international criminal court the convergence of politics ethics and law", "label": [ "504945742", "103106408", "199539241", "183763965", "185436325", "204342414", "94625758", "55447825", "185052227" ], "author": [ "659166848" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "politicizing the international criminal court the convergence of politics ethics and law by steven c roach lanham md rowman littlefield 2006 213p 75 00 cloth 26 95 paper no political scientist predicted that the world would witness the establishment of an international criminal court icc by 2002 and as of yet there are few compelling explanations for this phenomenon steven roach addresses the next set of questions that the icc raises for political scientists namely how it will impact international political outcomes and how it will be forced to cope with pressures from states and other actors roach s work is an important first step toward a political understanding of the role of the icc in world politics and demonstrates political scientists growing interest in international law", "title_raw": "Politicizing the International Criminal Court: The Convergence of Politics, Ethics, and Law", "abstract_raw": "Politicizing the International Criminal Court: The Convergence of Politics, Ethics, and Law. By Steven C. Roach. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006. 213p. $75.00 cloth, $26.95 paper. No political scientist predicted that the world would witness the establishment of an International Criminal Court (ICC) by 2002, and as of yet, there are few compelling explanations for this phenomenon. Steven Roach addresses the next set of questions that the ICC raises for political scientists, namely, how it will impact international political outcomes, and how it will be forced to cope with pressures from states and other actors. Roach's work is an important first step toward a political understanding of the role of the ICC in world politics and demonstrates political scientists' growing interest in international law." }, { "paper": "2012470100", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2007", "title": "an urban regeneration regime in china a case study of urban redevelopment in shanghai s taipingqiao area", "label": [ "2776051254", "148834064", "45237549", "191935318", "82279013", "71750763" ], "author": [ "2669356268", "2656649167" ], "reference": [ "622306806", "1513202694", "1979277163", "1993008168", "1999457206", "2000701811", "2004061220", "2007354381", "2007815298", "2022052515", "2026983239", "2032191735", "2035007602", "2035391255", "2037330428", "2043648944", "2045923371", "2050055549", "2050642511", "2051640215", "2059664033", "2069135169", "2070505438", "2072034517", "2077610365", "2078002056", "2085954637", "2087424739", "2097347917", "2098583604", "2105840773", "2107133248", "2107333528", "2111255464", "2124904908", "2133505800", "2141672537", "2143681977", "2144496562", "2145361670", "2149926512", "2153512803", "2153888424", "2156627586", "2160123205", "2162429039", "2166563137", "2169013634", "2170900828", "2481867394", "3004855454" ], "abstract": "this article investigates taipingqiao urban redevelopment projects in shanghai that have conserved the traditional shikumen architectural form with the goal of exploring the driving forces behind shanghai s spatial restructuring and to shed light on the new mechanisms for public private partnership evolving in china a model called a rent gap seeking regime rgsr is proposed to explain the mechanisms behind china s urban redevelopment it is found that the logic of capital accumulation has dominated the reshaping of shikumen s spatial forms and has been transformed into symbolic real estate values it is argued that a pro growth coalition between district government and foreign capital emerged during this process of urban restructuring the paper analyses the features of how this coalition exercises power finally based on empirical research the paper engages western regime analysis in a theoretical dialogue", "title_raw": "An Urban Regeneration Regime in China: A Case Study of Urban Redevelopment in Shanghai's Taipingqiao Area", "abstract_raw": "This article investigates Taipingqiao urban redevelopment projects in Shanghai that have conserved the traditional 'Shikumen' architectural form with the goal of exploring the driving-forces behind Shanghai's spatial restructuring and to shed light on the new mechanisms for public-private partnership evolving in China. A model called a 'rent gap seeking regime' (RGSR) is proposed to explain the mechanisms behind China's urban redevelopment. It is found that the logic of capital accumulation has dominated the reshaping of Shikumen's spatial forms and has been transformed into symbolic real estate values. It is argued that a pro-growth coalition between district government and foreign capital emerged during this process of urban restructuring; the paper analyses the features of how this coalition exercises power. Finally, based on empirical research, the paper engages Western regime analysis in a theoretical dialogue." }, { "paper": "1984752812", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2007", "title": "book review sean j savage jfk lbj and the democratic party albany ny state university of new york 2004 hardback ix 429 pp isbn 0 7914 6169 6", "label": [ "2776398702", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2112880943" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Sean J. Savage, JFK, LBJ, and the Democratic Party. Albany, NY: State University of New York, 2004. Hardback, ix + 429 pp. ISBN 0 7914 6169 6", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "7454926", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2007", "title": "time for detente with iran", "label": [ "203133693", "194110935", "94625758", "555826173", "93377909" ], "author": [ "311955935" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Time for D\u00e9tente With Iran", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2037474532", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2007", "title": "getting conservation into the mainstream", "label": [ "2777617010" ], "author": [ "185328334" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "emma marris finds out how two south africans in the field are convincing business and government to value biodiversity", "title_raw": "Getting conservation into the mainstream", "abstract_raw": "Emma Marris finds out how two South Africans in the field are convincing business and government to value biodiversity." }, { "paper": "2144771060", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2007", "title": "do expert surveys produce consistent estimates of party stances on european integration comparing expert surveys in the difficult case of central and eastern europe", "label": [ "159717818", "3116431", "2780224610" ], "author": [ "2151557902", "152490398", "1943200179", "2276811328", "2151017392", "2625230813", "2082768885" ], "reference": [ "585532797", "1524003714", "1604434549", "1999454384", "2010965976", "2013028355", "2047359831", "2062159531", "2067056132", "2102676546", "2117260126", "2125469968", "2125872586", "2128296295", "2128358116", "2143755459", "2155591630", "2165199895", "2505248830", "3142570219" ], "abstract": "expert surveys have been subject to a number of criticisms concerning their ability to produce accurate estimates of party positions such criticisms have particular prima facie credibility in new post communist democracies of central and eastern europe where party developmentis regarded as weak this paper compares data from two expertsurveys independently conducted between 2002 and 2004 we find contrary to expectations that there is a remarkable overlap in positions assigned to parties this suggests the usefulness of expert surveys even in the most difficult case of post communist party systems it also suggests that parties in these countries have developed effective means of communicating their positions on major issues 2006 elsevier ltd all rights reserved", "title_raw": "Do expert surveys produce consistent estimates of party stances on European integration?: Comparing expert surveys in the difficult case of Central and Eastern Europe", "abstract_raw": "Expert surveys have been subject to a number of criticisms concerning their ability to produce accurate estimates of party positions. Such criticisms have particular prima facie credibility in new post-Communist democracies of Central and Eastern Europe, where party developmentis regarded as weak. This paper compares data from two expertsurveys independently conducted between 2002 and 2004. We find, contrary to expectations, that there is a remarkable overlap in positions assigned to parties. This suggests the usefulness of expert surveys even in the \u2018most difficult\u2019 case of post-Communist party systems. It also suggests that parties in these countries have developed effective means of communicating their positions on major issues. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved." }, { "paper": "2084553579", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2007", "title": "experienced advocates and litigation outcomes repeat players in the south african supreme court of appeal", "label": [ "2778272461", "199539241", "2778521920", "158071213", "136576888", "2778449503" ], "author": [ "2493356605", "1973063346" ], "reference": [ "602740485", "625546531", "1491382756", "1978401890", "1987300884", "2007934266", "2015110286", "2015890179", "2040020229", "2048168670", "2078696273", "2131764041", "2158829500", "2162639769", "2171582249", "2736643333", "2799053362", "2899385836", "3122412405", "3162867165" ], "abstract": "while the facts and the attendant law are essential components of understanding litigation outcomes extralegal factors such as the experience of the attorney representing each party are also significantly related the authors assert that the capability of the attorney as evidenced in previous litigation success is more significant than experience alone they test this assertion for the south african appellate court from 1970 to 2000 after controlling for the effects of a number of variables the results suggest that the previous success of the advocate is a far better predictor of litigation outcomes than previous experience litigant status or court ideology", "title_raw": "Experienced Advocates and Litigation Outcomes Repeat Players in the South African Supreme Court of Appeal", "abstract_raw": "While the facts and the attendant law are essential components of understanding litigation outcomes, extralegal factors, such as the experience of the attorney representing each party, are also significantly related. The authors assert that the capability of the attorney, as evidenced in previous litigation success, is more significant than experience alone. They test this assertion for the South African appellate court from 1970 to 2000. After controlling for the effects of a number of variables, the results suggest that the previous success of the advocate is a far better predictor of litigation outcomes than previous experience, litigant status, or court ideology." }, { "paper": "2013515206", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2007", "title": "political effects of low turnout in national and european elections", "label": [ "45184978", "2779838221", "59742305", "2781440851", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2132536947", "2107030789" ], "reference": [ "43884102", "132302294", "171318441", "615560052", "1482515823", "1491628599", "1545411693", "1545467850", "1550821671", "1562677137", "1598452377", "1774947662", "1808669124", "1947759575", "1966989238", "1967754708", "1984498700", "2026193035", "2029982471", "2036365749", "2044453219", "2045716640", "2065555063", "2071025649", "2081137608", "2082395018", "2095720674", "2096388585", "2116877392", "2139206471", "2145186724", "2147444154", "2153322919", "2168712786", "2180358834", "2242637133", "2341877952", "2478015816", "2481998660", "2758046397", "2917085362", "3122896559", "3135166233" ], "abstract": "this article estimates for member states of the eu the effect of low levels of turnout on parties share of the vote in national elections it does so by comparing the distribution of party choices in national elections for all those who participate in those elections on the one hand and for the much more restricted group of those who participate in european parliament elections on the other as european elections register lower turnout than other nation wide elections this comparison provides an extreme but empirically observed case of low turnout turnout effects prove comparatively small and are non negligible in only few cases turnout effects are slightly different for different kinds of parties right wing parties benefit slightly from them on average and left wing parties are on average somewhat hurt although significant these differences are exceedingly small and explain no more than a few percent of variation in turnout effects no significant effects are found from other party characteristics such as their size government status position on european integration or interactions of these with government approval or time since the last national election the analyses are based on data from european election studies in 1989 1994 1999 and 2004", "title_raw": "Political effects of low turnout in national and European elections", "abstract_raw": "This article estimates for member states of the EU the effect of low levels of turnout on parties\u2019 share of the vote in national elections. It does so by comparing the distribution of party choices in national elections for all those who participate in those elections on the one hand, and for the much more restricted group of those who participate in European Parliament elections on the other. As European elections register lower turnout than other nation-wide elections, this comparison provides an extreme, but empirically observed case of low turnout. Turnout effects prove comparatively small, and are non-negligible in only few cases. Turnout effects are slightly different for different kinds of parties: right-wing parties benefit slightly from them (on average) and left-wing parties are (on average) somewhat hurt. Although significant, these differences are exceedingly small, and explain no more than a few percent of variation in turnout effects. No significant effects are found from other party characteristics (such as their size, government status, position on European integration, or interactions of these with government approval or time since the last national election). The analyses are based on data from European election studies in 1989, 1994, 1999 and 2004." }, { "paper": "2326675700", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2007", "title": "product review out of order the political imprisonment of women in northern ireland 1972 1998out of order the political imprisonment of women in northern ireland 1972 1998 by corcoranmary portland or willan publishing 2006 261 pp 34 95 paper isbn 1843921626", "label": [ "2779354276", "94625758", "2778770431", "199539241", "151719136" ], "author": [ "2102429300" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Product Review: Out of Order: The Political Imprisonment of Women in Northern Ireland, 1972-1998Out of Order: The Political Imprisonment of Women in Northern Ireland, 1972-1998, by CorcoranMary. Portland, OR: Willan Publishing, 2006. 261 pp. $34.95 paper ISBN: 1843921626.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2146024673", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2007", "title": "the mass media and the public s assessments of presidential candidates 1952 2000", "label": [ "94625758", "2778732403", "197487636", "558299567", "39549134" ], "author": [ "304013974", "257714938", "3076887702" ], "reference": [ "183496901", "325872457", "1480254196", "1482828348", "1509890826", "1515424492", "1517339519", "1566936261", "1567123287", "1580899010", "1588348725", "1968618981", "1977689039", "1981441472", "1984901792", "1999215716", "2019270176", "2024988541", "2030398623", "2033934948", "2036794832", "2059862341", "2063875439", "2065775761", "2078850517", "2081994987", "2083319565", "2083733681", "2091975008", "2114445730", "2119290332", "2123295839", "2123526465", "2126649962", "2160375265", "2168106599", "2325691286", "2333521714", "2505946565", "2917507296", "3118290130", "3123023186", "3124473222" ], "abstract": "media critics blame contemporary news for increasing levels of apathy and ignorance among the electorate we agree that the amount of policy oriented information in news coverage of presidential campaigns has declined and the level of news consumption has fallen yet based on 50 years of data on media content and public attitudes we find that over this period of time americans have just as much to say about the major party presidential candidates what they have to say is more policy oriented the association of vote choice with policy considerations has strengthened while the association with character considerations has weakened and factual knowledge about the presidential candidates issue positions has not declined we assess the role of education party polarization and paid advertising in explaining trends in americans political knowledge and engagement we show that the public s steady level of information and increased focus on policy in presidential politics reflects the high level of policy", "title_raw": "The Mass Media and the Public's Assessments of Presidential Candidates, 1952\u20132000", "abstract_raw": "Media critics blame contemporary news for increasing levels of apathy and ignorance among the electorate. We agree that the amount of policy-oriented information in news coverage of presidential campaigns has declined and the level of news consumption has fallen. Yet, based on 50 years of data on media content and public attitudes, we find that over this period of time Americans have just as much to say about the major-party presidential candidates, what they have to say is more policy oriented, the association of vote choice with policy considerations has strengthened while the association with character considerations has weakened, and factual knowledge about the presidential candidates' issue positions has not declined. We assess the role of education, party polarization, and paid advertising in explaining trends in Americans' political knowledge and engagement. We show that the public's steady level of information and increased focus on policy in presidential politics reflects the high level of policy..." }, { "paper": "1979548254", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2007", "title": "outrage factors and explanations in news coverage of the anthrax attacks", "label": [ "2776876785", "201280247" ], "author": [ "2637851075" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this content analysis examined risk communication factors in news coverage of the 2001 anthrax attacks appearing in 833 stories from 272 newspapers ap npr and four national television networks", "title_raw": "Outrage Factors and Explanations in News Coverage of the Anthrax Attacks", "abstract_raw": "This content analysis examined risk communication factors in news coverage of the 2001 anthrax attacks appearing in 833 stories from 272 newspapers, AP, NPR, and four national television networks (..." }, { "paper": "2032987984", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2007", "title": "paulson edit out credit", "label": [ "199539241", "555826173", "2778605646", "2780889827", "44877443", "162077342" ], "author": [ "91872485" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "before signing a research and science education bill last week science 10 august p 736 1 president george w bush said he would continue to push for a priority that s not in it making the corporate research and development tax credit a permanent part of the tax code but next door treasury secretary henry paulson appears to be less supportive of the idea last month in a white paper paulson said that lower corporate taxes and a simpler system could obviate the need for the research credit the current credit he said creates complexity time consuming paperwork and exhaustive audits t he administrative difficulties erode the positive incentives for research the provision provides the paper said has paulson jumped ship no says ibm lobbyist linda evans the treasury secretary is looking long term she says whereas the white house has more near term thinking a treasury spokesperson did not return calls paulson s ideas are unlikely to get much traction in the democratic congress where a focus is on making the credits permanent bills that would do that have more than 100 cosponsors between the senate and house versions but they ve gotten no hearings 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 317 5839 736", "title_raw": "Paulson: Edit Out Credit", "abstract_raw": "Before signing a research and science education bill last week ( Science , 10 August, p. [736][1]), President George W. Bush said he would continue to push for a priority that's not in it: making the corporate \u201cresearch and development tax credit a permanent part of the tax code.\u201d But next door, Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson appears to be less supportive of the idea. Last month, in a white paper, Paulson said that lower corporate taxes and a simpler system could obviate the need for the research credit. The current credit, he said, \u201ccreates complexity\u201d: time-consuming paperwork and exhaustive audits. \u201c[T]he administrative difficulties erode the positive incentives [for research] the provision provides,\u201d the paper said.\n\nHas Paulson jumped ship? No, says IBM lobbyist Linda Evans. \u201cThe treasury secretary is looking long term,\u201d she says, whereas the White House has more near-term thinking. (A treasury spokesperson did not return calls.) Paulson's ideas are unlikely to get much traction in the Democratic Congress, where a focus is on making the credits permanent; bills that would do that have more than 100 cosponsors between the Senate and House versions, but they've gotten no hearings.\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.317.5839.736" }, { "paper": "2318155587", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2007", "title": "how welfare regimes generate and erode social capital the impact of underclass phenomena", "label": [ "555826173", "68062652", "129603779", "100243477", "53001019" ], "author": [ "2099442727" ], "reference": [ "1576046523", "1968649049", "2003924113", "2124845114" ], "abstract": "the origins of social trust have been much discussed in recent years this attention is understandable as social trust is perceived to be a mechanism for overcoming the pri mary social problem highlighted by rational choice theory how actors without mutual trust logically would choose a suboptimal solution the prisoner s dilemma problem social trust is thus believed to be very important in solving collective problems mak ing democracy work and generating economic growth 1 in brief everyone agrees that social trust is nice to have however its origins creation and in some countries erosion are up for discussion table 1 shows the empirical results of the world values surveys wvs conducted in the beginning 1990 1993 and the end 1999 2001 of the 1990s as argued by inglehart economic development and religion have a huge impact therefore this study is limited to the rich capitalist countries that share christianity as a common cultural background 2 furthermore the countries will be categorized accord ing to esping andersen s renowned distinction among liberal anglo saxon conserva tive continental european and social democratic scandinavian welfare regimes 3 the standard question for social trust also labeled interpersonal or horizontal trust has been used generally speaking would you say that most people can be trusted or that you can t be too careful in dealing with people table 1 reveals two major puzzles the first is the striking level of horizontal trust in the social democratic regimes in 1990 the share responding that most people can be trusted averaged 61 percent in these countries in the nine conservative regimes the average was 31 percent whereas the average was 48 percent in the four liberal regimes the distinctiveness of the social democratic regimes is even more remarkable in the lat est wave where the average was 63 percent in the social democratic regimes as com pared to 29 percent in the conservative regimes and 38 percent in the liberal regimes regime patterns are not clearly present at first sight the distinction between conserva tive and liberal regimes does not appear to be of much relevance however one can not deny that the countries that esping andersen grouped as social democratic welfare regimes distinguish themselves the second rather striking finding is that the dramatic erosion of social trust appears only in the countries esping andersen labeled liberal welfare state regimes the", "title_raw": "How Welfare Regimes Generate and Erode Social Capital: The Impact of Underclass Phenomena", "abstract_raw": "The origins of social trust have been much discussed in recent years. This attention is understandable, as social trust is perceived to be a mechanism for overcoming the pri mary social problem highlighted by rational choice theory: how actors without mutual trust logically would choose a suboptimal solution (the prisoner's dilemma problem). Social trust is thus believed to be very important in solving collective problems, \"mak ing democracy work,\" and generating economic growth.1 In brief, everyone agrees that social trust is nice to have. However, its origins, creation, and in some countries erosion are up for discussion. Table 1 shows the empirical results of the World Values Surveys (WVS) conducted in the beginning (1990-1993) and the end (1999-2001) of the 1990s. As argued by Inglehart, economic development and religion have a huge impact. Therefore, this study is limited to the rich capitalist countries that share Christianity as a common cultural background.2 Furthermore, the countries will be categorized accord ing to Esping-Andersen's renowned distinction among liberal (Anglo-Saxon), conserva tive (continental European), and social democratic (Scandinavian) welfare regimes.3 The standard question for social trust (also labeled interpersonal or horizontal trust) has been used: \"Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you can't be too careful in dealing with people?.\" Table 1 reveals two major puzzles. The first is the striking level of horizontal trust in the social democratic regimes. In 1990 the share responding that \"most people can be trusted\" averaged 61 percent in these countries. In the nine conservative regimes, the average was 31 percent, whereas the average was 48 percent in the four liberal regimes. The distinctiveness of the social democratic regimes is even more remarkable in the lat est wave, where the average was 63 percent in the social democratic regimes as com pared to 29 percent in the conservative regimes and 38 percent in the liberal regimes. Regime patterns are not clearly present. At first sight, the distinction between conserva tive and liberal regimes does not appear to be of much relevance. However, one can not deny that the countries that Esping-Andersen grouped as social democratic welfare regimes distinguish themselves. The second, rather striking finding is that the dramatic erosion of social trust appears only in the countries Esping-Andersen labeled liberal welfare state regimes. The" }, { "paper": "2994517846", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2007", "title": "the development of university idea in china", "label": [ "191935318", "201717286", "2779304910", "148834064", "133437341", "2777756922" ], "author": [ "2443450944" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "university idea in china mainly went through three historical stages first from emperor hanwu to late qing dynasty when the educational ideal of ethics standard was worshiped second from 1905 in which late qing government made the significant decision of abolish the imperial examination build public schools to before 1949 in which the people s republic of china was founded during which stage the university idea of attach importance to rationality academic freedom which is the core of western modern universities got widely spread third stage since the foundation of china we have explored socialist educational idea with chinese characteristics in a zigzag way it s a strategic project for our educational front line to open a new prospect for china s education and university innovation facing the future while learning from the history after we have made scientific summary of the development track and experience of university ideas in china under the guidance of marxist historic materialism", "title_raw": "The development of university idea in China", "abstract_raw": "University idea in China mainly went through three historical stages: first,from Emperor Hanwu to late Qing dynasty,when the educational ideal of \"ethics standard\" was worshiped;second,from 1905 in which late Qing government made the significant decision of \"abolish the imperial examination,build public schools\" to before 1949 in which the People's Republic of China was founded,during which stage the university idea of \"attach importance to rationality,academic freedom\" which is the core of western modern universities got widely spread;third stage,since the foundation of China,we have explored \"socialist educational idea with Chinese characteristics\" in a zigzag way.It's a strategic project for our educational front line to open a new prospect for China's education and university innovation,facing the future while learning from the history,after we have made scientific summary of the development track and experience of university ideas in China under the guidance of Marxist historic materialism." }, { "paper": "2032581646", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2007", "title": "pakistan s universities take up protest", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "277995986" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Pakistan's universities take up protest.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2145893281", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2007", "title": "china s rise and the balance of influence in asia edited by william w heller and thomas g rawski pittsburgh pa university of pittsburgh press 2007 ix 284 pp 18 95 60 00 isbn 978 0 8229 5967 0", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2575129364" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China's Rise and the Balance of Influence in Asia . Edited by William W. Heller and Thomas G. Rawski. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2007. ix+284 pp. \u00a3 18.95, $60.00. ISBN 978-0-8229-5967-0", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2095219791", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2007", "title": "do human rights violations cause internal conflict", "label": [ "199539241", "109005114", "13367683", "17058734", "169437150", "201670107", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2920045192", "2129681261" ], "reference": [ "568394061", "575552930", "583565262", "586656543", "643895685", "1491062718", "1503134246", "1507888367", "1514539700", "1516857565", "1520941532", "1570811415", "1582942782", "1582973007", "1778912028", "1973276276", "1976044556", "1978017097", "1980536550", "1983934918", "1984546063", "1985216077", "1987750222", "1988797246", "1988926412", "1995899410", "1996484245", "1997141194", "2000208948", "2000654131", "2002100427", "2006601154", "2007352806", "2012361708", "2013959776", "2020450918", "2021938213", "2023468789", "2026802323", "2027231509", "2033217812", "2034722676", "2038631063", "2038814024", "2039976967", "2041415039", "2042580328", "2043659105", "2043864467", "2045005236", "2048085806", "2049195800", "2049645582", "2049769447", "2051733957", "2055466567", "2061747742", "2062539763", "2064201228", "2076769928", "2078606810", "2079865222", "2081173868", "2081401123", "2082484556", "2082652286", "2083513139", "2087204809", "2087492088", "2092386267", "2093238527", "2093959396", "2097391516", "2102012497", "2102255326", "2108200070", "2111467785", "2114427917", "2115057879", "2115844692", "2116559484", "2125413082", "2133505947", "2133957272", "2134671645", "2135793782", "2138833481", "2138863781", "2139598234", "2142013610", "2143395739", "2146913509", "2149758946", "2150330128", "2150972305", "2151808187", "2160782897", "2161419738", "2164071095", "2317859861", "2320650493", "2322489158", "2326115861", "2326788321", "2333532442", "2333589445", "2563195016", "2799325727", "3121496134", "3121888622", "3122074090", "3122298797", "3122373963", "3124696419", "3125244167", "3148402314" ], "abstract": "this article outlines a human rights framework for analyzing violent internal conflict translating social scientific findings on conflict risk factors into human rights language it is argued that discrimination and violations of social and economic rights function as underlying causes of conflict creating the deep grievances and group identities that may under some circumstances motivate collective violence violations of civil and political rights by contrast are more clearly identifiable as direct conflict triggers abuse of personal integrity rights is associated with escalation and intermediately repressive regimes appear to be most at risk denial of political participation rights is associated with internal conflict because full democracies experience less conflict yet democratization itself is dangerous since regime transition is also a major conflict risk factor", "title_raw": "Do Human Rights Violations Cause Internal Conflict", "abstract_raw": "This article outlines a human rights framework for analyzing violent internal conflict, \u201ctranslating\u201d social-scientific findings on conflict risk factors into human rights language. It is argued that discrimination and violations of social and economic rights function as underlying causes of conflict, creating the deep grievances and group identities that may, under some circumstances, motivate collective violence. Violations of civil and political rights, by contrast, are more clearly identifiable as direct conflict triggers. Abuse of personal integrity rights is associated with escalation, and intermediately repressive regimes appear to be most at risk. Denial of political participation rights is associated with internal conflict because full democracies experience less conflict. Yet democratization itself is dangerous, since regime transition is also a major conflict risk factor." }, { "paper": "572894747", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2007", "title": "review of m a vachudova europe undivided leverage and integration after communism and w jacoby the enlargement of the european union and nato choosing from the menu in central europe", "label": [ "542948173" ], "author": [ "2892789748" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of M.A.Vachudova, Europe Undivided: Leverage and Integration After Communism, and W. Jacoby, The Enlargement of the European Union and NATO: Choosing from the Menu in Central Europe", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2120369738", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2007", "title": "attempts to undermine tobacco control tobacco industry youth smoking prevention programs to undermine meaningful tobacco control in latin america", "label": [ "158886217", "2781145028", "141261163", "158016649", "185618831" ], "author": [ "2907496923", "729075653" ], "reference": [ "560788792", "1964091261", "1980898082", "1981981500", "1982245233", "1987749647", "2005150539", "2011149435", "2048149045", "2051560112", "2052214523", "2055416025", "2069923089", "2070684827", "2075091489", "2078409972", "2102337307", "2103932661", "2111823648", "2127440586", "2128090351", "2131684763", "2148779385", "2153058359", "2153374932", "2161015917", "2161920810", "2165970035", "2169662175", "2170095185" ], "abstract": "we sought to understand how the tobacco industry uses youth smoking prevention programs in latin america we analyzed tobacco industry documents so called social reports media reports and material provided by latin american public health advocates since the early 1990s multinational tobacco companies have promoted youth smoking prevention programs as part of their corporate social responsibility campaigns the companies also partnered with third party allies in latin america most notably nonprofit educational organizations and education and health ministries even though there is no evidence that these programs reduce smoking among youths they have met the industry s goal of portraying the companies as concerned corporate citizens and undermining effective tobacco control interventions that are required by the world health organization framework convention on tobacco control", "title_raw": "Attempts to undermine tobacco control: tobacco industry \"youth smoking prevention\" programs to undermine meaningful tobacco control in Latin America.", "abstract_raw": "We sought to understand how the tobacco industry uses \"youth smoking prevention\" programs in Latin America. We analyzed tobacco industry documents, so-called \"social reports,\" media reports, and material provided by Latin American public health advocates. Since the early 1990s, multinational tobacco companies have promoted \"youth smoking prevention\" programs as part of their \"Corporate Social Responsibility\" campaigns. The companies also partnered with third-party allies in Latin America, most notably nonprofit educational organizations and education and health ministries. Even though there is no evidence that these programs reduce smoking among youths, they have met the industry's goal of portraying the companies as concerned corporate citizens and undermining effective tobacco control interventions that are required by the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control." }, { "paper": "2070727906", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2007", "title": "book review patrick m morgan international security problems and solutions washington dc cq press 2006 331 pp 24 99 pbk", "label": [ "509929229" ], "author": [ "2545785905" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Patrick M. Morgan, International Security: Problems and Solutions (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2006, 331 pp., \u00a324.99 pbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2031698106", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2007", "title": "challenges to federalism homeland security and disaster response", "label": [ "533735693", "3116431", "62555980", "506469952", "79165680", "203133693" ], "author": [ "1985641303", "2276238491", "2491265755" ], "reference": [ "27858317", "654360903", "1532623343", "1966222437", "1981410073", "2004352365", "2037927976", "2038725812", "2042763360", "2058621822", "2078169973", "2079805107", "2080648755", "2084990085", "2171273930", "2171393462", "2325196311", "2331390055", "2334402217", "2405723959", "2896883002", "2994011428" ], "abstract": "this article examines the state of federalism in the bush administration from the perspective of the policy area of homeland security and disaster response the article uses the international city and county management association homeland security survey completed in the spring and summer of 2005 as a source of data the article argues that while it is tempting to look for one single agency to control homeland security and disaster response a networked model is better supported by the survey data and by recent experience in terrorist and natural disaster response copyright 2008 oxford university press", "title_raw": "Challenges to Federalism: Homeland Security and Disaster Response", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the state of federalism in the Bush Administration from the perspective of the policy area of homeland security and disaster response. The article uses the International City and County Management Association homeland security survey completed in the spring and summer of 2005 as a source of data. The article argues that while it is tempting to look for one single agency to control homeland security and disaster response, a networked model is better supported by the survey data and by recent experience in terrorist and natural disaster response. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press." }, { "paper": "2056484054", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2007", "title": "olzak susan 2006 the global dynamics of racial and ethnic mobilization stanford ca stanford university press xviii 266 pp isbn 0804739986", "label": [ "156708679", "137403100" ], "author": [ "2642814706" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Olzak, Susan, 2006. The Global Dynamics of Racial and Ethnic Mobilization. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. xviii + 266 pp. ISBN 0804739986", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2153480878", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2007", "title": "applying ideal point estimation methods to the council of ministers", "label": [ "3116431", "520049643", "2777351106", "83009810" ], "author": [ "1991182572" ], "reference": [ "1486996229", "1546143445", "1580899010", "1967430630", "2047260464", "2069063621", "2070901016", "2103527170", "2103724807", "2111862292", "2119082646", "2119290332", "2125837162", "2125926760", "2126841490", "2135438163", "2141648666", "2143316505", "2153140039", "2154937320", "2168585604", "2172146192", "2313814871", "2325586665", "2418409298", "3004825006", "3119676397", "3123961172", "3124336189", "3124631225" ], "abstract": "this research note addresses an increasingly popular topic in the eu literature namely the measurement of policy preferences in the council of ministers it aims to provide conclusions on three issues 1 what data are in fact available from the council 2 how preferences are measured in other legislatures and 3 whether these methods would be suitable for analyses of council members preference positions given the available data applying the popular scaling method nominate and a bayesian mcmc model to a data set consisting of all legislation adopted by the council in 1999 2004 it is found that although the two methods show similar voting patterns at the general level the failure to report standard errors by nominate in particular proves to be a severe problem when trying to identify individual governments policy location conversely the bayesian approach provides a convincing method for analyses of council decision records and is easily extended to include more advanced empirical information than merely the governments decisions to support or oppose a proposal", "title_raw": "Applying Ideal Point Estimation Methods to the Council of Ministers", "abstract_raw": "This research note addresses an increasingly popular topic in the EU literature, namely the measurement of policy preferences in the Council of Ministers. It aims to provide conclusions on three issues: (1) what data are in fact available from the Council, (2) how preferences are measured in other legislatures, and (3) whether these methods would be suitable for analyses of Council members' preference positions given the available data. Applying the popular scaling method NOMINATE and a Bayesian MCMC model to a data set consisting of all legislation adopted by the Council in 1999\u20142004, it is found that, although the two methods show similar voting patterns at the general level, the failure to report standard errors by NOMINATE in particular proves to be a severe problem when trying to identify individual governments' policy location. Conversely, the Bayesian approach provides a convincing method for analyses of Council decision records and is easily extended to include more advanced empirical information than merely the governments' decisions to support or oppose a proposal." }, { "paper": "1982157476", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2007", "title": "evaluating israel s strategy of low intensity warfare 1949 2006", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2920353312" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this study examines the strategic and tactical logic of israel s limited uses of force against arab states and against substate actors it evaluates the effectiveness of these policies and their political and strategic ramifications the study is based on a historical survey of these policies and on quantitative analysis of a dataset of the use of limited force by israel over the 1949 2003 period the findings suggest first that limited force strategies were occasionally used to foster escalation in other cases the mismanagement of limited engagements resulted in inadvertent escalation to full blown wars second domestic political and social considerations had important effects on the nature and intensity of israeli uses of limited force third israeli reliance on offensive strategies has not only consistently failed but produced adverse military and diplomatic side effects defensive and preventive measures have shown a much greater degree of success the study concludes that a combination of mil", "title_raw": "Evaluating Israel's Strategy of Low-Intensity Warfare, 1949\u20132006", "abstract_raw": "This study examines the strategic and tactical logic of Israel's limited uses of force against Arab states and against substate actors. It evaluates the effectiveness of these policies, and their political and strategic ramifications. The study is based on a historical survey of these policies and on quantitative analysis of a dataset of the use of limited force by Israel over the 1949\u20132003 period. The findings suggest, first, that limited force strategies were occasionally used to foster escalation. In other cases, the mismanagement of limited engagements resulted in inadvertent escalation to full-blown wars. Second, domestic political and social considerations had important effects on the nature and intensity of Israeli uses of limited force. Third, Israeli reliance on offensive strategies has not only consistently failed, but produced adverse military and diplomatic side effects. Defensive and preventive measures have shown a much greater degree of success. The study concludes that a combination of mil..." }, { "paper": "2163494936", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2007", "title": "the public policy process among southeastern states elaborating theories of regional adoption and hold out behavior", "label": [ "2777351106", "83009810", "3116431", "2776398702", "94625758", "109986646", "24845683" ], "author": [ "2107524647", "2204050080", "2170744948" ], "reference": [ "1504987986", "1993025964", "2000684188", "2003477031", "2008159858", "2017710051", "2026069470", "2043662015", "2049621450", "2050895222", "2056266477", "2067516463", "2083620364", "2102400634", "2112825816", "2119491549", "2121355463", "2129229932", "2150073694", "2156846644", "2312268298", "2323848371" ], "abstract": "having been adopted by legislatures in over a dozen states postsecondary merit aid programs are largely concentrated in the southeastern united states the observed clustering pattern seems to support previous evidence that policies spread between proximate states a phenomenon referred to by political scientists as policy diffusion often however policy diffusion is not complete and one or more states in a region fail to adopt by interviewing policymakers throughout the southeastern united states including actors in the three states in the region without merit aid the study addresses the following question why do diffusion pressures lead to adoption in some states but not in others studying state hold outs promises not only to uncover the reasons for failed legislation in specific state contexts but also to better our understanding of the limits of diffusion theory", "title_raw": "The Public Policy Process among Southeastern States: Elaborating Theories of Regional Adoption and Hold-Out Behavior", "abstract_raw": "Having been adopted by legislatures in over a dozen states, postsecondary merit aid programs are largely concentrated in the southeastern United States. The observed clustering pattern seems to support previous evidence that policies spread between proximate states, a phenomenon referred to by political scientists as policy diffusion. Often, however, policy diffusion is not complete, and one or more states in a region fail to adopt. By interviewing policymakers throughout the southeastern United States\u2014including actors in the three states in the region without merit aid\u2014the study addresses the following question: Why do diffusion pressures lead to adoption in some states but not in others? Studying state \u201chold-outs\u201d promises not only to uncover the reasons for failed legislation in specific state contexts but also to better our understanding of the limits of diffusion theory." }, { "paper": "111786078", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2007", "title": "the two faces of terror", "label": [ "169437150", "2780423727", "200724805", "2776034101", "158886217" ], "author": [ "2323778499" ], "reference": [ "245880103", "382815609", "1484559633", "2071393735", "2104771472", "2547466993" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Two Faces of Terror", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2169218686", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2007", "title": "refugee return migration return migration from sweden to chile iran and poland 1973 1996", "label": [ "70036468", "173145845", "58823610", "94625758", "111141941", "2779306362" ], "author": [ "89949025" ], "reference": [ "108856575", "1982033986", "1988515760", "1988563098", "2004447924", "2055776490", "2065157679", "2077071181", "2080434594", "2083878206", "2125705164" ], "abstract": "in this paper return migration from sweden to three sources of refugee immigration is analysed with a focus on the effect of political change in 1990 chilean immigrants reacted more strongly to political liberalization in the home country than polish immigrants did primarily due to more favourable economic circumstances in chile compared to poland in the 1990s in fact the increase in polish return migration propensity after 1990 is not statistically different from the iranian increase in spite of the absence of political liberalization in iran there are significant cohort differences within the chilean group indicating an element of economically motivated migration within the last waves of chilean refugee immigration in the late 1980s hence successful implementation of schemes of voluntary return migration for refugees will not only be dependent on an improved political situation in the source country but will also be highly dependent on economic circumstances", "title_raw": "Refugee Return Migration: Return migration from Sweden to Chile, Iran and Poland 1973-1996", "abstract_raw": "In this paper, return migration from Sweden to three sources of refugee immigration is analysed, with a focus on the effect of political change in 1990. Chilean immigrants reacted more strongly to political liberalization in the home country than Polish immigrants did, primarily due to more favourable economic circumstances in Chile compared to Poland in the 1990s. In fact, the increase in Polish return migration propensity after 1990 is not statistically different from the Iranian increase, in spite of the absence of political liberalization in Iran. There are significant cohort differences within the Chilean group, indicating an element of economically motivated migration within the last waves of Chilean refugee immigration in the late 1980s. Hence, successful implementation of schemes of voluntary return migration for refugees will not only be dependent on an improved political situation in the source country, but will also be highly dependent on economic circumstances." }, { "paper": "1979876452", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2007", "title": "benjamin page and marshall m bouton foreign policy disconnect what americans want from our leaders but don t get", "label": [ "93377909" ], "author": [ "2316628605" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Benjamin Page and Marshall M. Bouton. Foreign Policy Disconnect: What Americans Want From Our Leaders But Don't Get", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1555219386", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2007", "title": "apprehending politics news media and individual political development by marco calavita", "label": [ "94625758", "529147693" ], "author": [ "2687951273" ], "reference": [ "643900786", "1599275320", "2028609370", "2323067141", "2486712933" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Apprehending Politics: News Media and Individual Political Development, by Marco Calavita", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1973304275", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2007", "title": "taylor ian 2006 china and africa engagement and compromise routledge contemporary china series london routledge 233 pp isbn 0415397405", "label": [ "191935318", "46355384" ], "author": [ "267071042" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Taylor, Ian, 2006. China and Africa: Engagement and Compromise. Routledge Contemporary China Series. London: Routledge. 233 pp. ISBN 0415397405:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2013988514", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2007", "title": "agha hussein ahmad khalidi 2006 a framework for a palestinian national security doctrine london chatham house 139 pp isbn 1862031657", "label": [ "199539241", "528167355", "2776211767" ], "author": [ "2623583508" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "\u25a0 Agha, Hussein & Ahmad Khalidi, 2006. A Framework for a Palestinian National Security Doctrine. London: Chatham House. 139 pp. ISBN 1862031657:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1985773870", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2007", "title": "security forces and sexual violence a cross national analysis of a principal agent argument", "label": [ "2781046721", "169437150", "2775907854", "2777632292", "2777996642", "86532276" ], "author": [ "2136443846", "2261142032", "2714219962" ], "reference": [ "177879470", "185663451", "567534008", "606783974", "1487708446", "1489071650", "1489339575", "1493636223", "1503134246", "1508918762", "1537646239", "1562963423", "1575069772", "1581618645", "1604951427", "1778912028", "1934649023", "1982749266", "1988797246", "1998084847", "2006605070", "2007352806", "2016997194", "2033217812", "2034645929", "2035911448", "2036222902", "2041415039", "2043786555", "2043864467", "2051708115", "2056125536", "2063254583", "2064201228", "2068694121", "2079643502", "2086774486", "2092386267", "2095331327", "2119099490", "2126889012", "2138833481", "2140074439", "2143395739", "2150330128", "2169568540", "2202655326", "2328001391", "2487437960", "2501773135", "2549905170", "2917765131", "3108343011", "3122298797" ], "abstract": "this article investigates sexual violence committed by government security forces it focuses on the issue of delegation it uses principal agent logic to understand sexual violence committed by these forces and to set up a cross national empirical analysis the article provides an approach to measuring the amount of agent discretion in a political system and an analysis of new cross national data on the incidence of rape and sexual violence committed by police and security forces it is argued that sexual violence is a category of human rights violation that is more likely to be attributable to the selfish motivations of agents and it is an act that is likely to be hidden this article identifies the conditions under which these acts are most likely to occur as conditions of conflict system wide slack bureaucratic control and where there are constraints on information and organization the theoretical argument makes sense of earlier findings in the human rights literature such as the importance of de", "title_raw": "Security Forces and Sexual Violence: A Cross-National Analysis of a Principal Agent Argument", "abstract_raw": "This article investigates sexual violence committed by government security forces. It focuses on the issue of delegation. It uses principal\u2014agent logic to understand sexual violence committed by these forces and to set up a cross-national empirical analysis. The article provides an approach to measuring the amount of agent discretion in a political system and an analysis of new cross-national data on the incidence of rape and sexual violence committed by police and security forces. It is argued that sexual violence is a category of human rights violation that is more likely to be attributable to the selfish motivations of agents, and it is an act that is likely to be hidden. This article identifies the conditions under which these acts are most likely to occur as conditions of conflict, system-wide slack bureaucratic control, and where there are constraints on information and organization. The theoretical argument makes sense of earlier findings in the human rights literature, such as the importance of de..." }, { "paper": "2004674793", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2007", "title": "international public relations as a predictor of prominence of us news coverage", "label": [ "529147693", "39549134", "2778521920", "2779714988", "201280247", "67037518" ], "author": [ "2141923394" ], "reference": [ "72450154", "321871035", "585980759", "1531596286", "1545742512", "1555747997", "1997622883", "2014075358", "2026865785", "2047907120", "2049068796", "2053290925", "2053669795", "2068209698", "2071202110", "2077071360", "2079223802", "2097129378", "2098363094", "2119832667", "2125277334", "2135758118", "2149355000" ], "abstract": "abstract this study aims to test the public relations efforts of other countries as a predictor of their newsworthiness in the us news media after controlling for national traits and social significance based on a content analysis of us newspaper and television news coverage new york times washington post abc nbc cbs and cnn of 97 countries this study found that the public relations of other countries governments is a significant predictor of these countries prominence in the us news coverage", "title_raw": "International public relations as a predictor of prominence of US news coverage", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This study aims to test the public relations efforts of other countries as a predictor of their newsworthiness in the US news media, after controlling for national traits and social significance. Based on a content analysis of US newspaper and television news coverage ( New York Times , Washington Post , ABC , NBC , CBS , and CNN ) of 97 countries, this study found that the public relations of other countries\u2019 governments is a significant predictor of these countries\u2019 prominence in the US news coverage." }, { "paper": "2097099327", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2007", "title": "homogeneity heterogeneity and direct democracy the case of swiss referenda", "label": [ "3116431", "501008422", "520049643" ], "author": [ "1894562096", "2317434882", "1562876877" ], "reference": [ "107865217", "388755254", "434192760", "571147996", "573712895", "575700460", "579248024", "1493426459", "1497591354", "1520329473", "1529927741", "1601720671", "1602482745", "1972266942", "2008639466", "2023271428", "2048134870", "2049140991", "2067844392", "2084968859", "2107351194", "2151848478", "2163657079", "2328160807", "2481710738", "2505663499", "2800234419" ], "abstract": "abstract the general question addressed in this study is whether voting behaviour in referenda conducted in a pluralistic society tends to reflect more the heterogeneous or the homogeneous characteristics of this society in order to answer this question we investigated mainly by means of factor analysis all 538 federal referenda conducted in switzerland since the foundation of the swiss confederation in 1848 until the end of 2005 based on the extensive swiss experience the answer to our question seems quite clearly to be that the use of referenda as tools of direct democracy in a pluralistic society tends to reflect much more the homogeneous characteristics of that society than its heterogeneous ones resume le theme general de l etude est le suivant le comportement des votants qui participent aux referendums dans une societe pluraliste est il influence par les caracteristiques heterogenes ou homogenes de la societe en question afin de repondre a cette question nous avons examine par analyse factorielle 538 referendums federaux tenus en suisse depuis la creation de la confederation suisse en 1848 et jusqu en 2005 le resultat de notre recherche montre clairement que l utilisation des referendums comme instrument de democratie directe dans une societe pluraliste a tendance a refleter davantage les caracteristiques homogenes que les caracteristiques heterogenes de la societe", "title_raw": "Homogeneity, heterogeneity and direct democracy: the case of Swiss referenda", "abstract_raw": "Abstract. The general question addressed in this study is whether voting behaviour in referenda conducted in a pluralistic society tends to reflect more the heterogeneous or the homogeneous characteristics of this society. In order to answer this question we investigated, mainly by means of factor analysis, all 538 federal referenda conducted in Switzerland since the foundation of the Swiss Confederation in 1848 until the end of 2005. Based on the extensive Swiss experience, the answer to our question seems quite clearly to be that the use of referenda as tools of direct democracy in a pluralistic society tends to reflect much more the homogeneous characteristics of that society than its heterogeneous ones. Resume. Le theme general de l'etude est le suivant: le comportement des votants qui participent aux referendums dans une societe pluraliste est-il influence par les caracteristiques heterogenes ou homogenes de la societe en question? Afin de repondre a cette question nous avons examine, par analyse factorielle, 538 referendums federaux tenus en Suisse depuis la creation de la Confederation suisse en 1848 et jusqu'en 2005. Le resultat de notre recherche montre clairement que l'utilisation des referendums comme instrument de democratie directe dans une societe pluraliste a tendance a refleter davantage les caracteristiques homogenes que les caracteristiques heterogenes de la societe." }, { "paper": "2146976114", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2007", "title": "what is the enemy of my enemy causes and consequences of imbalanced international relations 1816 2001", "label": [ "34355311", "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2046083911", "2048334525", "2134050690", "1973021147" ], "reference": [ "134999508", "406677298", "577979449", "607589441", "613092704", "658717161", "1137807063", "1505980997", "1517091189", "1554967976", "1560369161", "1584789652", "1966031143", "1975121032", "1986852182", "1987566178", "1993483733", "2022001878", "2022725132", "2024644333", "2036910311", "2040366796", "2043124776", "2047095919", "2048513137", "2052775647", "2055325415", "2061901927", "2063829818", "2064220040", "2064279229", "2065482951", "2067277171", "2069910571", "2078970047", "2083620364", "2101746595", "2114995993", "2116623180", "2133469585", "2141743199", "2151446311", "2154234366", "2158616796", "2163201041", "2166735555", "2318854472", "2330121544", "2796781687", "2799349239", "3011865677", "3122732548", "3123271700" ], "abstract": "this study explores logical and empirical implications of friendship and enmity in world politics by linking indirect international relations e g the enemy of my enemy the enemy of my friend to direct relations my friend my enemy the realist paradigm suggests that states ally against common enemies and thus states sharing common enemies should not fight each other nor are states expected to ally with enemies of their allies or with allies of their enemies employing social network methodology to measure direct and indirect relations we find that international interactions over the last 186 years exhibit significant relational imbalances states that share the same enemies and allies are disproportionately likely to be both allies and enemies at the same time our explanation of the causes and consequences of relational imbalances for international conflict cooperation combines ideas from the realist and the liberal paradigms realist factors such as the presence of strategic rivalry opportunism and exploitative tendencies capability parity and contiguity increase the likelihood of relational imbalances on the other hand factors consistent with the liberal paradigm e g joint democracy economic interdependence shared igo membership tend to reduce relational imbalances finally we find that the likelihood of conflict increases with the presence of relational imbalances we explore the theoretical and practical implications of these issues", "title_raw": "What Is the Enemy of My Enemy? Causes and Consequences of Imbalanced International Relations, 1816\u20132001", "abstract_raw": "This study explores logical and empirical implications of friendship and enmity in world politics by linking indirect international relations (e.g., \u201cthe enemy of my enemy,\u201d\u201cthe enemy of my friend\u201d) to direct relations (\u201cmy friend,\u201d\u201cmy enemy\u201d). The realist paradigm suggests that states ally against common enemies and thus states sharing common enemies should not fight each other. Nor are states expected to ally with enemies of their allies or with allies of their enemies. Employing social network methodology to measure direct and indirect relations, we find that international interactions over the last 186 years exhibit significant relational imbalances: states that share the same enemies and allies are disproportionately likely to be both allies and enemies at the same time. Our explanation of the causes and consequences of relational imbalances for international conflict/cooperation combines ideas from the realist and the liberal paradigms. \u201cRealist\u201d factors such as the presence of strategic rivalry, opportunism and exploitative tendencies, capability parity, and contiguity increase the likelihood of relational imbalances. On the other hand, factors consistent with the liberal paradigm (e.g., joint democracy, economic interdependence, shared IGO membership) tend to reduce relational imbalances. Finally, we find that the likelihood of conflict increases with the presence of relational imbalances. We explore the theoretical and practical implications of these issues." }, { "paper": "132219902", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2007", "title": "iran s resilient civil society the untold story of the fight for human rights", "label": [ "513891491", "169437150", "555826173", "199539241", "148834064" ], "author": [ "145157121" ], "reference": [ "1557704262", "2009358351" ], "abstract": "observers who focus too much on elections have failed to grasp the maturation of iranian civil society even as hard liners have come to dominate the government the birth of a civil rights movement in iran is a ray of hope in a region beset by difficulties and the most promising response to the new totalitarian threat that is endangering the world s stability democratic governments around the world should realize that supporting this movement is not only the right thing to do but is an urgent national security imperative for themselves and their peoples", "title_raw": "Iran's Resilient Civil Society: The Untold Story of the Fight for Human Rights", "abstract_raw": "Observers who focus too much on elections have failed to grasp the maturation of Iranian civil society, even as hard-liners have come to dominate the government. The birth of a civil rights movement in Iran is a ray of hope in a region beset by difficulties, and the most promising response to the new totalitarian threat that is endangering the world's stability. Democratic governments around the world should realize that supporting this movement is not only the right thing to do, but is an urgent national-security imperative for themselves and their peoples." }, { "paper": "1496113082", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2007", "title": "tense meeting produces some hope for flu sharing deal", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "1621321188" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "influenzaa marathon meeting in geneva switzerland last week has resulted in what participants hope will be a way to salvage the international system for sharing influenza virus samples", "title_raw": "Tense Meeting Produces Some Hope for Flu-Sharing Deal", "abstract_raw": "INFLUENZAA marathon meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, last week has resulted in what participants hope will be a way to salvage the international system for sharing influenza virus samples." }, { "paper": "2111831069", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2007", "title": "the constitution of law legality in a time of emergency", "label": [ "111439079", "42027317", "2776154427", "70999106", "199539241", "2776847301", "177986884", "2780668109", "2775923278" ], "author": [ "1986388419" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Constitution of Law: Legality in a Time of Emergency", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2143052828", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2007", "title": "simulating the free trade area of the americas", "label": [ "2777129469", "2776398702", "199776023", "90924733" ], "author": [ "298044799", "2690842094" ], "reference": [ "62088762", "212541972", "1967561713", "1975063016", "1976720663", "1991482315", "2062318851", "2086514774", "2123454807", "2153031274", "2798194573", "3125072547" ], "abstract": "since the early 1990s north americans have participated in a large political economic experiment in a regional trade bloc called the north american free trade agreement nafta with nafta now over 10 years old the non nafta countries have been debating the merits and shortcomings of creating an expanded version of the trade agreement that would encompass virtually every state in the americas the free trade area of the americas ftaa would encompass 34 western hemisphere countries over 800 million consumers and a total economy of over 12 trillion the debate over the ftaa raises a long list of important practical questions for each of the potential member states and their citizens the debate also raises a host of pedagogical questions for students of the entire region and beyond this paper describes a student based simulation that taps into those practical and pedagogical questions as in other simulations such as the model united nations students role play while vicariously experiencing the opportunities and constraints facing each country as they negotiate for policy preferences", "title_raw": "Simulating the Free Trade Area of the Americas", "abstract_raw": "Since the early 1990s, North Americans have participated in a large political-economic experiment in a regional trade bloc called the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). With NAFTA now over 10 years old, the non-NAFTA countries have been debating the merits and shortcomings of creating an expanded version of the trade agreement that would encompass virtually every state in the Americas. The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) would encompass 34 western hemisphere countries, over 800 million consumers, and a total economy of over $12 trillion. The debate over the FTAA raises a long list of important practical questions for each of the potential member states and their citizens. The debate also raises a host of pedagogical questions for students of the entire region and beyond. This paper describes a student-based simulation that taps into those practical and pedagogical questions. As in other simulations, such as the Model United Nations, students role-play while vicariously experiencing the opportunities and constraints facing each country as they negotiate for policy preferences." }, { "paper": "2114886691", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2007", "title": "canada s governors general biography and constitutional evolution 1847 1878", "label": [ "199539241", "520712124" ], "author": [ "2223608473" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Canada's Governors General: Biography and Constitutional Evolution 1847\u20131878", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2047756508", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2007", "title": "territoriality and conflict in an era of globalization", "label": [ "2119116" ], "author": [ "2102817424" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Territoriality and Conflict in an Era of Globalization", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1530821015", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2007", "title": "open government house oks whistleblower bill", "label": [ "148834064", "2780849931", "199539241" ], "author": [ "91872485" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "open governmentthe u s house of representatives has broadened protection for government scientists who claim that their bosses have undermined the scientific process or suppressed information read more 1 1 http www sciencemag org cgi content full 315 5819 1649a", "title_raw": "Open government. House OKs whistleblower bill.", "abstract_raw": "OPEN GOVERNMENTThe U.S. House of Representatives has broadened protection for government scientists who claim that their bosses have undermined the scientific process or suppressed information. ([Read more][1].)\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/315/5819/1649a" }, { "paper": "3123137808", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2007", "title": "internationally wrongful acts in domestic courts", "label": [ "2776398702", "2780966255", "44725695", "199539241" ], "author": [ "239107737" ], "reference": [ "128731501", "170536216", "193296672", "239309922", "1540115212", "1541392738", "1834426046", "1966536952", "1979898563", "1981428507", "1981891738", "1996034883", "2004745778", "2035267386", "2044542498", "2053873612", "2061775883", "2063411727", "2088142093", "2107642662", "2150594358", "2156854511", "2166253294", "2241198755", "2265852224", "2287912078", "2297043621", "2526477287", "2605840513", "2622165933", "2886553103", "3121398463", "3121421344", "3122978846", "3123359990", "3124467954" ], "abstract": "this article explores the situations in which principles of international responsibility may guide domestic courts in determining the consequences that should attach to a finding of breach or potential breach by the forum state of its international obligations in cases like sanchez llamas and medellin it discusses the normative foundation of the application of these principles at the domestic level and explains how domestic courts can contribute to the implementation of international responsibility", "title_raw": "Internationally Wrongful Acts in Domestic Courts", "abstract_raw": "This article explores the situations in which principles of international responsibility may guide domestic courts in determining the consequences that should attach to a finding of breach or potential breach by the forum state of its international obligations, in cases like Sanchez-Llamas and Medellin. It discusses the normative foundation of the application of these principles at the domestic level and explains how domestic courts can contribute to the implementation of international responsibility." }, { "paper": "2025205821", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2007", "title": "dina berger the development of mexico s tourism industry pyramids by day martinis by night the development of mexico s tourism industry pyramids by day martinis by night", "label": [ "18918823" ], "author": [ "74111816" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dina Berger.The Development of Mexico's Tourism Industry: Pyramids by Day, Martinis by Night.:The Development of Mexico's Tourism Industry: Pyramids by Day, Martinis by Night", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2136821983", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2007", "title": "unarmed insurrections people power movements in nondemocracies and citizen power politics and the asian miracle reassessing the dynamics", "label": [ "68346564", "94625758", "2776051254", "148834064", "2778875440", "2779655753" ], "author": [ "3103227175" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "unarmed insurrections people power movements in nondemocracies by kurt schock minneapolis university of minnesota press 2005 67 50 cloth 22 50 paper citizen power politics and the asian miracle reassessing the dynamics by o fiona yap boulder co lynne reiner 2005 49 95 these works exemplify the kind of broadly comparative study that many political scientists call for yet few actually undertake kurt schock studies six different popular movements against authoritarian rule and o fiona yap analyzes the interaction between citizens and government in four asian newly industrialized countries nics together they illuminate the dynamics of state society relations in illiberal political contexts", "title_raw": "Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies and Citizen Power, Politics, and the Asian Miracle: Reassessing the Dynamics", "abstract_raw": "Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies. By Kurt Schock. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005. $67.50 cloth, $22.50 paper. Citizen Power, Politics, and the Asian Miracle: Reassessing the Dynamics. By O. Fiona Yap. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reiner, 2005. $49.95. These works exemplify the kind of broadly comparative study that many political scientists call for, yet few actually undertake. Kurt Schock studies six different popular movements against authoritarian rule, and O. Fiona Yap analyzes the interaction between citizens and government in four Asian newly industrialized countries (NICs). Together, they illuminate the dynamics of state-society relations in illiberal political contexts." }, { "paper": "2002389933", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2007", "title": "the changing calculus of conflict", "label": [ "2119116", "94625758", "523173360", "528167355" ], "author": [ "2266354471" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "stephen brooks producing security is a very fine book that advances our understanding of globalization and of the links between economics and national security in this paper i evaluate favorably and explore the frontiers of the book s chief contributions its elucidation of the globalization of production its illustration of the novelty of that phenomenon and its consideration of the significance of this for world politics i then raise one basic dissent challenging the idea that the globalization of production has indeed altered the calculus of conflict though my claim is not that the argument is wrong but rather that it is very considerably oversold a final section offers some hypotheses on how the processes of globalization more generally may be altering the calculus of conflict for reasons complementary to but largely distinct from those emphasized in producing security", "title_raw": "The Changing Calculus of Conflict", "abstract_raw": "Stephen Brooks' Producing Security is a very fine book that advances our understanding of globalization and of the links between economics and national security. In this paper I evaluate favorably and explore the frontiers of the book's chief contributions: its elucidation of the globalization of production, its illustration of the novelty of that phenomenon, and its consideration of the significance of this for world politics. I then raise one basic dissent, challenging the idea that the globalization of production has indeed altered the calculus of conflict\u2014though my claim is not that the argument is wrong, but rather, that it is very considerably oversold. A final section offers some hypotheses on how the processes of globalization more generally may be altering the calculus of conflict for reasons complementary to, but largely distinct from, those emphasized in Producing Security." }, { "paper": "2013445826", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2007", "title": "faith in moderation islamist parties in jordan and yemen", "label": [ "199539241", "17058734", "2780668109", "94625758", "158071213", "23592801" ], "author": [ "2186996618" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "faith in moderation islamist parties in jordan and yemen by jillian schwedler cambridge cambridge university press 2006 252p 80 00 many attribute the failure of democratization in the islamic world to the existence of antidemocratic islamist movements why should democratization move forward when the main beneficiaries would allow for one person one vote one time jillian schwedler in faith in moderation refutes this common argument head on schwedler however is not merely content in presenting two islamist parties as moderate to show how islam is not monolithic she has a more analytical project in which she urges us to unpack many of our assumptions about regime transitions in the middle east and in general her argument targets the linkage between the inclusion of islamist opposition groups in politics and the effects of their participation in moderating their ideology and behavior her treatment of this topic based in social movement theory deserves our attention", "title_raw": "Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen", "abstract_raw": "Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen. By Jillian Schwedler. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 252p. $80.00. Many attribute the failure of democratization in the Islamic world to the existence of antidemocratic Islamist movements. Why should democratization move forward when the main beneficiaries would allow for \u201cone person, one vote, one time\u201d? Jillian Schwedler in Faith in Moderation refutes this common argument head-on. Schwedler, however, is not merely content in presenting two Islamist parties as \u201cmoderate\u201d to show how Islam is not monolithic. She has a more analytical project in which she urges us to unpack many of our assumptions about regime transitions in the Middle East and in general. Her argument targets the linkage between the inclusion of Islamist opposition groups in politics and the effects of their participation in moderating their ideology and behavior. Her treatment of this topic, based in social movement theory, deserves our attention." }, { "paper": "2067845024", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2007", "title": "empty cages facing the challenge of animal rights and animal rights human wrongs an introduction to moral philosophy review", "label": [ "538525177" ], "author": [ "2557685331" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Empty Cages: Facing the Challenge of Animal Rights, and: Animal Rights, Human Wrongs: An Introduction to Moral Philosophy (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2079016159", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2007", "title": "the role of knowledge and research in facilitating social learning among stakeholders in natural resources management in the french atlantic coastal wetlands", "label": [ "183135511", "2776424047", "185874996" ], "author": [ "2239406730", "2082625537", "2705175158", "3199857893", "2562066334", "2098797590", "2639363036" ], "reference": [ "280652921", "617898514", "1481441672", "1492856410", "1510494095", "1565683048", "1566293537", "1569729897", "1886247887", "1976577768", "1981465650", "1989246775", "2007863062", "2023116690", "2090332070", "2092255949", "2128165723", "2129695636", "2134230545", "2135459615", "2154445334", "2159958217", "2167757977", "2171258731", "2297429187", "2555190342", "2609914891", "2764357991", "2780220169", "2795821180", "2901618708", "3121811420" ], "abstract": "environmental policy development increasingly refers to procedural approaches where local organisational structures are set up to initiate social interactions to establish common working methods and to formulate collective agreements in a context of complexity and uncertainty regarding environmental issues at stake deliberations are mostly about managing interdependencies i e building agreements and implementing changes so as to reconstruct the links between natural technical and social phenomena we see these deliberations as situations where social learning occurs as an iterative process of knowledge co production i e of knowing among stakeholders brought into interaction our research aims at better understanding these processes in the context of french atlantic coastal wetlands where multi stakeholder platforms for decision making have become the dominant process for implementing natural resources management policies our studies focus on the challenge of managing the production and application of knowledge in social settings in which scientists themselves come to play a role they show how scientific knowledge can acquire heuristic value when used in the context of intervention research as well as revealing some of the ethical dilemmas this may pose for the role of researcher", "title_raw": "The role of knowledge and research in facilitating social learning among stakeholders in natural resources management in the French Atlantic coastal wetlands", "abstract_raw": "Environmental policy development increasingly refers to procedural approaches where local organisational structures are set up to initiate social interactions, to establish common working methods and to formulate collective agreements. In a context of complexity and uncertainty regarding environmental issues at stake, deliberations are mostly about managing interdependencies, i.e., building agreements and implementing changes so as to reconstruct the links between natural, technical and social phenomena. We see these deliberations as situations where social learning occurs; as an iterative process of knowledge co-production (i.e., of \u2018knowing\u2019) among stakeholders brought into interaction. Our research aims at better understanding these processes in the context of French Atlantic coastal wetlands where multi-stakeholder platforms for decision-making have become the dominant process for implementing natural resources management policies. Our studies focus on the challenge of managing the production and application of knowledge in social settings, in which scientists themselves come to play a role. They show how scientific knowledge can acquire heuristic value when used in the context of intervention research, as well as revealing some of the ethical dilemmas this may pose for the role of researcher." }, { "paper": "2010659367", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2007", "title": "identity and community reflections on the development of mining heritage tourism in southern spain", "label": [ "123253695", "60671577", "75545042", "18918823", "151807755", "2781205358", "93371752" ], "author": [ "2025870342", "2290155938" ], "reference": [ "45049156", "48991417", "56000849", "68194013", "93827082", "112579114", "171066878", "181697671", "618003772", "627913678", "628183323", "654092854", "968315995", "1487702992", "1512015804", "1513970153", "1536710286", "1580414097", "1602300561", "1741962272", "1870337304", "1964024110", "1969467832", "1970547573", "1985612218", "1988261873", "1989638235", "1991728855", "2002512290", "2010001346", "2012218618", "2043111375", "2044394516", "2046656647", "2051460996", "2051645732", "2051912428", "2056534236", "2057873261", "2059074460", "2066043194", "2073782459", "2086141950", "2090237239", "2091758916", "2105125806", "2112170392", "2129172712", "2130234852", "2136531459", "2138054535", "2144602370", "2244947759", "2280780723", "2478760282", "2494623699", "2559985808", "2653010664", "3019422673", "3140487728", "3187598214" ], "abstract": "abstract the aim of this article is to highlight the effect of social identities and the role of the symbolic community in the development of heritage tourism this perspective expands on the classic relationship between identity and tourism going beyond the accepted influence of tourism on identities here special emphasis is placed on the effect of community identities on heritage tourism research was carried out in four mining areas in southern spain where there has been little or no development of the heritage tourism industry the results obtained are of interest for two reasons on the one hand they provide in depth insight into the nature of industrial heritage tourism and on the other they have a clearly practical dimension that recommends the inclusion of indicators relating to community identity in the assessment planning and management of this type of tourism", "title_raw": "Identity and community - reflections on the development of mining heritage tourism in Southern Spain.", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The aim of this article is to highlight the effect of social identities and the role of the symbolic community in the development of heritage tourism. This perspective expands on the classic relationship between identity and tourism, going beyond the accepted influence of tourism on identities. Here, special emphasis is placed on the effect of community identities on heritage tourism. Research was carried out in four mining areas in Southern Spain where there has been little or no development of the heritage tourism industry. The results obtained are of interest for two reasons: on the one hand, they provide in-depth insight into the nature of industrial heritage tourism; and on the other, they have a clearly practical dimension that recommends the inclusion of indicators relating to community identity in the assessment, planning and management of this type of tourism." }, { "paper": "2148246012", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2007", "title": "the sequoyah corporation fuels release and the church rock spill unpublicized nuclear releases in american indian communities", "label": [ "2779958979", "2778348171", "2780932887" ], "author": [ "1886162051", "2586604837", "2669415850" ], "reference": [ "560059015", "658378555", "1523083703", "1967543244", "1975860766", "2005644269", "2037131734", "2040323969", "2055333089", "2058361427", "2123945086", "2124399788", "2141278751", "2147249348", "2165659507", "2890431125" ], "abstract": "the three mile island nuclear release exemplifies why there is public and policy interest in the high technology highly visible end of the nuclear cycle the environmental and health consequences of the early steps in the cycle mining milling and processing of uranium ore may be less appreciated we examined 2 large unintended acute releases of uranium at kerr mcgee s sequoyah fuels corporation in oklahoma and united nuclear corporation s church rock uranium mill in new mexico which were incidents with comparable magnitude to the three mile island release we urge exploration of whether there is limited national interest and concern for the primarily rural low income and american indian communities affected by these releases more attention should be given to the early stages of the nuclear cycle and their impacts on health and the environment", "title_raw": "The Sequoyah Corporation Fuels Release and the Church Rock Spill: Unpublicized Nuclear Releases in American Indian Communities", "abstract_raw": "The Three Mile Island nuclear release exemplifies why there is public and policy interest in the high-technology, highly visible end of the nuclear cycle. The environmental and health consequences of the early steps in the cycle\u2014mining, milling, and processing of uranium ore\u2014may be less appreciated.We examined 2 large unintended acute releases of uranium\u2014at Kerr McGee\u2019s Sequoyah Fuels Corporation in Oklahoma and United Nuclear Corporation\u2019s Church Rock uranium mill in New Mexico, which were incidents with comparable magnitude to the Three Mile Island release.We urge exploration of whether there is limited national interest and concern for the primarily rural, low-income, and American Indian communities affected by these releases.More attention should be given to the early stages of the nuclear cycle and their impacts on health and the environment." }, { "paper": "2171425885", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2007", "title": "german law stirs concern illegal artifacts will be easier to sell", "label": [ "2780608745", "2781154743", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2126769778" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "last week the german senate ratified the 1970 unesco convention on cultural property but many archaeologists worry that germany9s interpretation of the convention will make the country a haven for illegally excavated antiquities from iraq and elsewhere read more", "title_raw": "German Law Stirs Concern Illegal Artifacts Will Be Easier to Sell", "abstract_raw": "Last week, the German Senate ratified the 1970 UNESCO Convention on Cultural Property, but many archaeologists worry that Germany9s interpretation of the convention will make the country a haven for illegally excavated antiquities from Iraq and elsewhere. (Read more.)" }, { "paper": "2063339531", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2007", "title": "the party as pariah the exclusion of anti immigration parties and its effect on their ideological positions", "label": [ "2777617010", "158071213", "98383816", "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1967064584", "2053361075" ], "reference": [ "28257582", "137128685", "199803964", "206298073", "627235981", "645669606", "978434593", "1481160518", "1532892498", "1537000133", "1538595433", "1547584330", "1580303033", "1861976667", "1900685356", "1966989238", "1969381524", "1980164017", "2008156616", "2017880760", "2030843909", "2034327179", "2044227933", "2057379328", "2058514915", "2066799589", "2074589553", "2092298252", "2094042936", "2102036136", "2116877392", "2122001101", "2125872586", "2126869046", "2134304653", "2147703902", "2147709583", "2165396007", "2186412412", "2259915401", "2275977919", "2339220067", "2527953299", "2995068066", "3115874829", "3141937853", "3165979999" ], "abstract": "during the past three decades anti immigration parties have emerged all over western europe some of them have been treated like any other party by their mainstream opponents and a few have even become members of governing coalitions e g the austrian fpo other such parties have been politically excluded established parties have refrained from any cooperation with them and in some cases even refused to enter into a political debate with their politicians this article investigates how the strategy of ostracising anti immigration parties affects the internal dynamics within these parties in particular we assess whether these parties radicalise as a result of this strategy and conversely whether it has a moderating effect when these parties are approached more pragmatically our analyses regarding ten parties at several moments in time show that anti immigration parties that were not ostracised became more moderate whereas those that were treated as outcasts continued to be extremist", "title_raw": "The Party as Pariah: The Exclusion of Anti-Immigration Parties and its Effect on their Ideological Positions", "abstract_raw": "During the past three decades, anti-immigration parties have emerged all over Western Europe. Some of them have been treated like any other party by their mainstream opponents and a few have even become members of governing coalitions (e.g., the Austrian FPO). Other such parties have been politically excluded: established parties have refrained from any cooperation with them and in some cases even refused to enter into a political debate with their politicians. This article investigates how the strategy of ostracising anti-immigration parties affects the internal dynamics within these parties. In particular, we assess whether these parties radicalise as a result of this strategy, and, conversely whether it has a moderating effect when these parties are approached more pragmatically. Our analyses, regarding ten parties at several moments in time, show that anti-immigration parties that were not ostracised became more moderate, whereas those that were treated as outcasts continued to be extremist." }, { "paper": "1994898024", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2007", "title": "allen tim 2006 trial justice the international criminal court and the lord s resistance army london new york zed xvi 230 pp isbn 1842777378", "label": [ "2780147668", "2781289944", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2020071059" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Allen, Tim, 2006. Trial Justice: The International Criminal Court and the Lord's Resistance Army. London & New York: Zed. xvi + 230 pp. ISBN 1842777378", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2062545352", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2007", "title": "the routledge companion to decolonization by dietmar rothermund", "label": [ "135544838" ], "author": [ "119662267" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Routledge Companion to Decolonization, by Dietmar Rothermund", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2742831750", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2007", "title": "equity and excellence in american higher education", "label": [ "120912362", "2777352838" ], "author": [ "2127349260" ], "reference": [ "414933132", "1551427353" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Equity and Excellence in American Higher Education", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2060491497", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2007", "title": "identity salience identity acceptance and racial policy attitudes american national identity as a uniting force", "label": [ "2778407155" ], "author": [ "2085887852" ], "reference": [ "619477995", "654710005", "1519766653", "1567655187", "1603950134", "1698185664", "1967430235", "1971440513", "1971789143", "1972320028", "1978403340", "1986118553", "1986357892", "1990691623", "2008723374", "2011754800", "2013400886", "2025438728", "2028868182", "2037557484", "2050580556", "2059057633", "2060425764", "2063492479", "2066947891", "2077397552", "2083893187", "2090813403", "2108172923", "2114062250", "2114817485", "2114991554", "2121684756", "2123168694", "2128833583", "2153611651", "2157472472", "2157979842", "2167121898", "2175873029", "2324440273", "2334645237" ], "abstract": "political science has paid a great deal of attention to sources of intergroup conflict but the discipline has focused less on forces that bring people together and lead them to transcend group boundaries this study presents evidence that attachment to a shared superordinate identity can improve intergroup relations by reducing the social distance between people of different racial groups using a survey experiment this research shows that making a superordinate identity salient increased support for a tax increase the effects of the identity salience treatment are compared to a policy particularism treatment in terms of effect size and their interaction with each other the size and direction of the identity salience effect is affected by the degree of respondents acceptance of the proffered identity implications for social identity theory racial policy attitudes and american national identity are discussed", "title_raw": "Identity Salience, Identity Acceptance, and Racial Policy Attitudes: American National Identity as a Uniting Force", "abstract_raw": "Political science has paid a great deal of attention to sources of intergroup conflict, but the discipline has focused less on forces that bring people together and lead them to transcend group boundaries. This study presents evidence that attachment to a shared superordinate identity can improve intergroup relations by reducing the social distance between people of different racial groups. Using a survey experiment, this research shows that making a superordinate identity salient increased support for a tax increase. The effects of the identity salience treatment are compared to a policy particularism treatment in terms of effect size and their interaction with each other. The size and direction of the identity salience effect is affected by the degree of respondents' acceptance of the proffered identity. Implications for social identity theory, racial policy attitudes, and American national identity are discussed." }, { "paper": "1969792160", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2007", "title": "internationalizing the american politics curriculum", "label": [ "522562087", "2119116", "47177190", "37228920" ], "author": [ "2159062582" ], "reference": [ "1530428515", "2029063108" ], "abstract": "the increasing recognition of a global interdependence among our economies and societies places a significant amount of pressure on educational institutions to prepare future citizens for successful participation in this new world order while there might be general agreement that globalization or internationalization is a major trend in education or a worldwide phenomenon there are barriers to internationalization some of which can be individual resulting from faculty and student attitudes some institutional caused by long standing policies practices and traditions and some reflecting the attitudes and culture of the wider american society green 2003 11 there are different ways that institutions of higher learning can respond to this phenomenon most effectively including for example changes at the curricular level broad institutional policies that involve recruitment of foreign students experiential partnerships with foreign institutions of higher learning and the creation of campuses in other countries see altbach 2002", "title_raw": "Internationalizing the American Politics Curriculum", "abstract_raw": "The increasing recognition of a global interdependence among our economies and societies places a significant amount of pressure on educational institutions to prepare future citizens for successful participation in this \u201cnew world order.\u201d While there might be general agreement that globalization or internationalization is a \u201cmajor trend in education\u201d or a \u201cworldwide phenomenon,\u201d there are barriers to internationalization, some of which can be individual\u2014resulting from faculty and student attitudes; some institutional\u2014caused by long-standing policies, practices, and traditions; and some reflecting the attitudes and culture of the wider American society (Green 2003 , 11). There are different ways that institutions of higher learning can respond to this phenomenon most effectively, including, for example, changes at the curricular level, broad institutional policies that involve recruitment of foreign students, experiential partnerships with foreign institutions of higher learning, and the creation of campuses in other countries (see Altbach 2002 )." }, { "paper": "2375409770", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2007", "title": "the way of urban rural harmony of chongqing coordinative development of urban rural area and construction of socialist new country", "label": [ "129047720", "94625758", "2776435075" ], "author": [ "2653909852" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "coordinative development of urban rural area and construction of socialist new country are crucial for the goal of socialist harmonious society including torsion of the trend of big gap of income between urban and rural area formation of reasonable income distribution increase of family property at large and better life of people by borrowing the experiences of coordinative development of urban rural area and construction of socialist new country in jiangsu province shanghai and zhejiang province this paper elaborates that coordinative development of urban rural area and construction of socialist new country are necessary requirement for the goal of socialist harmonious society explores the basic thoughts of coordinative development of urban rural area in chongqing municipality and further explains the effective way is to coordinate the basic theories innovative tactics and polices for coordinative development of urban rural area and construction of socialist new country to realize the goal of 1 1 13 effectiveness of overall development of economy politics and culture", "title_raw": "The Way of Urban-rural Harmony of Chongqing:Coordinative Development of Urban-rural Area and Construction of Socialist New Country", "abstract_raw": "Coordinative development of urban-rural area and construction of socialist new country are crucial for \u201cthe goal of socialist harmonious society including torsion of the trend of big gap of income between urban and rural area,formation of reasonable income distribution,increase of family property at large and better life of people \u201d.By borrowing the experiences of coordinative development of urban-rural area and construction of socialist new country in Jiangsu Province,Shanghai and Zhejiang Province,this paper elaborates that coordinative development of urban-rural area and construction of socialist new country are necessary requirement for the goal of socialist harmonious society,explores the basic thoughts of coordinative development of urban-rural area in Chongqing municipality,and further explains the effective way is to coordinate the basic theories,innovative tactics and polices for coordinative development of urban-rural area and construction of socialist new country to realize the goal of 1+1+13 effectiveness of overall development of economy,politics and culture." }, { "paper": "2125469968", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2007", "title": "crossvalidating data on party positioning on european integration", "label": [ "39549134", "3116431", "2775987171", "2778896172" ], "author": [ "2151017392", "2082768885", "1943200179", "2167733709" ], "reference": [ "310458506", "628052711", "637182638", "1521595001", "1524003714", "1561602211", "1873057782", "1985792567", "1997669826", "1998476416", "2009659525", "2013028355", "2049142303", "2075498679", "2080440899", "2094042936", "2106658004", "2112400212", "2114174882", "2118042326", "2125872586", "2128296295", "2143755459", "2165199895", "2316477432", "2319130446", "2487212193", "2498037688", "2781739715", "3021296519" ], "abstract": "our purpose in this article is to cross validate expert and manifesto measures of party positioning on european integration we compare these data with each other and with measures from a european election survey and an elite survey of parliamentarians we find that expert surveys provide the most accurate data for party positioning on european integration in part the errors of expert evaluations and electoral manifestos are shared both have some difficulty measuring the positioning of small extreme parties but we also detect and explain errors that are unique to each measurement instrument 2006 elsevier ltd all rights reserved", "title_raw": "Crossvalidating data on party positioning on European integration", "abstract_raw": "Our purpose in this article is to cross-validate expert and manifesto measures of party positioning on European integration. We compare these data with each other and with measures from a European election survey and an elite survey of parliamentarians. We find that expert surveys provide the most accurate data for party positioning on European integration. In part, the errors of expert evaluations and electoral manifestos are shared. Both have some difficulty measuring the positioning of small, extreme, parties. But we also detect and explain errors that are unique to each measurement instrument. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved." }, { "paper": "2088088472", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2007", "title": "in support of academic freedom", "label": [ "148834064", "199539241", "2779304910", "2780105190", "169437150", "2778272461", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2262045851", "3207916728", "3206146452", "3207301500", "3206623181", "102731583", "3206261506", "3206180215", "2258798261", "2598030315", "3205936679", "3206516531", "1618330238" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "we the members of the executive committee of the international human rights network of academies and scholarly societies network oppose renewed initiatives that support an academic boycott of israeli academic institutions we also oppose israeli restrictions on palestinian students that prevent them from studying at institutions of higher education in israel the west bank and abroad we call on national academies affiliated with our network to do the same we reiterate our belief in the free exchange of ideas and opinions among scientists and scholars in all countries which thereby stimulates the development of collaborative educational research and human rights endeavors within academies and the institutions with which they are affiliated boycotts deny our colleagues their rights to freedom of opinion and expression interfere with their ability to exercise their bona fide academic freedoms inhibit the free circulation of scientists and scientific ideas impose unjust punishment and impede the instrumental role played by scientists and scholars in the promotion of peace and human rights 1 1 we also oppose israeli restrictions on palestinian students such as the ban imposed in 2000 that prevents all palestinian students in gaza from traveling to the west bank to study and a statement earlier this month by the israeli military that it will continue to prevent gaza students from studying in israel additionally a recommendation by the israeli supreme court that the ministry of defense submit criteria for allowing palestinian students from the west bank to study in israel has repeatedly been delayed to the point that west bank residents still banned from studying in israel now risk missing israeli university application deadlines for the coming academic year we reiterate the hope expressed in our 6 november 2006 statement to the israeli authorities 2 2 that their policy of academic exclusion will be promptly reversed in that same statement we joined the israel academy of sciences and humanities in opposing any measures by any government restricting or impairing the ability of scientists and students to carry out their scientific work and to discharge their scientific or academic responsibilities we also agree with four israeli university presidents and a number of prominent intellectuals who recently wrote that b locking access to higher education for palestinian students from gaza who choose to study in the west bank casts a dark shadow over israel s image as a state which respects and supports the principle of academic freedom and the right to education 3 3 lastly we recall and continue to support the joint statement of cooperation signed at our network s may 2005 meeting by sari nusseibeh and menachem magidor presidents of al quds university and hebrew university respectively that said our disaffection with and condemnation of acts of academic boycotts and discrimination against scholars and institutions is predicated on the principles of academic freedom human rights and equality between nations and among individuals we therefore call upon academics here and worldwide to act in support of our mission as one which might allow for ending our shared tragedy rather than prolonging it 4 4 1 1 5 for full text of 13 june 2002 statement see www7 nationalacademies org humanrights in support of scientific exchange html 6 2 2 7 see www7 nationalacademies org humanrights network statement access to education nov 2006 html 8 3 3 9 the presidents of ben gurion university rivka carmi the hebrew university menachem megidor haifa university aharon ben zeev the technion yitzhak apeloig and a group of israeli authors including amos oz a b yehoshua david grossman nathan zach ariel hirschfeld agi mishol and yitzhak laor see www gisha org index php intlanguage 2 intitemid 426 intsitesn 113 10 4 4 11 the full text can be found in the proceedings of the meeting www nap edu catalog 11740 html 12 1 ref 1 2 ref 2 3 ref 3 4 ref 4 5 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 6 http www7 nationalacademies org humanrights in support of scientific exchange html 7 xref ref 2 1 view reference 2 in text 8 http www7 nationalacademies org humanrights network statement access to education nov 2006 html 9 xref ref 3 1 view reference 3 in text 10 http www gisha org index php intlanguage 2 intitemid 426 intsitesn 113 11 xref ref 4 1 view reference 4 in text 12 http www nap edu catalog 11740 html", "title_raw": "In support of academic freedom.", "abstract_raw": "We, the members of the Executive Committee of the International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies (Network), oppose renewed initiatives that support an academic boycott of Israeli academic institutions. We also oppose Israeli restrictions on Palestinian students that prevent them from studying at institutions of higher education in Israel, the West Bank, and abroad. We call on national academies affiliated with our Network to do the same.\n\nWe reiterate our belief in \"the free exchange of ideas and opinions among scientists and scholars in all countries,\" which thereby stimulates \"the development of collaborative educational, research and human-rights endeavors within academies and the institutions with which they are affiliated.\" Boycotts \"deny our colleagues their rights to freedom of opinion and expression; interfere with their ability to exercise their bona fide academic freedoms; inhibit the free circulation of scientists and scientific ideas; impose unjust punishment,\" and impede \"the instrumental role played by scientists and scholars in the promotion of peace and human rights\" ([1][1]).\n\nWe also oppose Israeli restrictions on Palestinian students such as the ban imposed in 2000 that prevents all Palestinian students in Gaza from traveling to the West Bank to study, and a statement earlier this month by the Israeli military that it will continue to prevent Gaza students from studying in Israel. Additionally, a recommendation by the Israeli Supreme Court that the Ministry of Defense submit criteria for allowing Palestinian students from the West Bank to study in Israel has repeatedly been delayed to the point that West Bank residents, still banned from studying in Israel, now risk missing Israeli university application deadlines for the coming academic year.\n\nWe reiterate the hope expressed in our 6 November 2006 statement to the Israeli authorities ([2][2]) that their \"policy of academic exclusion will be promptly reversed.\" In that same statement, we joined the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities in opposing \"any measures, by any government, restricting or impairing the ability of scientists and students to carry out their scientific work and to discharge their scientific or academic responsibilities.\" We also agree with four Israeli university presidents and a number of prominent intellectuals who recently wrote that \"[b]locking access to higher education for Palestinian students from Gaza who choose to study in the West Bank casts a dark shadow over Israel's image as a state which respects and supports the principle of academic freedom and the right to education\" ([3][3]).\n\nLastly, we recall and continue to support the joint statement of cooperation, signed at our Network's May 2005 meeting by Sari Nusseibeh and Menachem Magidor, presidents of Al-Quds University and Hebrew University, respectively, that said, \"Our disaffection with, and condemnation of acts of academic boycotts and discrimination against scholars and institutions, is predicated on the principles of academic freedom, human rights, and equality between nations and among individuals. We therefore call upon academics here and worldwide to act in support of our mission, as one which might allow for ending our shared tragedy rather than prolonging it ([4][4]).\n\n1. 1.[\u21b5][5] For full text of 13 June 2002, statement, see [www7.nationalacademies.org/humanrights/In\\_Support\\_of\\_Scientific\\_Exchange.html][6].\n \n\n2. 2.[\u21b5][7] See [www7.nationalacademies.org/humanrights/Network\\_Statement\\_Access\\_to\\_Education\\_Nov\\_2006.html][8].\n \n\n3. 3.[\u21b5][9] The presidents of Ben-Gurion University (Rivka Carmi), the Hebrew University (Menachem Megidor), Haifa University (Aharon Ben-Zeev), the Technion (Yitzhak Apeloig), and a group of Israeli authors, including Amos Oz, A. B. Yehoshua, David Grossman, Nathan Zach, Ariel Hirschfeld, Agi Mishol, and Yitzhak Laor (see [www.gisha.org/index.php?intLanguage=2&intItemId=426&intSiteSN=113][10]).\n \n\n4. 4.[\u21b5][11] The full text can be found in the Proceedings of the meeting: [www.nap.edu/catalog/11740.html][12].\n\n [1]: #ref-1\n [2]: #ref-2\n [3]: #ref-3\n [4]: #ref-4\n [5]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1. in text\"\n [6]: http://www7.nationalacademies.org/humanrights/In_Support_of_Scientific_Exchange.html\n [7]: #xref-ref-2-1 \"View reference 2. in text\"\n [8]: http://www7.nationalacademies.org/humanrights/Network_Statement_Access_to_Education_Nov_2006.html\n [9]: #xref-ref-3-1 \"View reference 3. in text\"\n [10]: http://www.gisha.org/index.php?intLanguage=2&intItemId=426&intSiteSN=113\n [11]: #xref-ref-4-1 \"View reference 4. in text\"\n [12]: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11740.html" }, { "paper": "1973368771", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2007", "title": "intergovernmental grants a formal model of interrelated national and subnational political decisions", "label": [ "94625758", "2781396481", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2055413885" ], "reference": [ "42995148", "129227548", "137955876", "315228005", "435662668", "576944632", "1479851367", "1486960811", "1492771828", "1515066087", "1517543107", "1532039449", "1532579616", "1534161676", "1540194579", "1571190686", "1580866068", "1864519938", "1966164972", "1976498068", "1976581762", "1983410065", "1987261148", "1990641674", "2011500528", "2021678522", "2021827389", "2028079480", "2028964602", "2036496712", "2042834874", "2056513288", "2063127140", "2067603012", "2071441312", "2071752891", "2074247772", "2074700055", "2075749965", "2080027804", "2083251493", "2095714582", "2102466565", "2104365141", "2130086405", "2131819968", "2135904738", "2138824986", "2149414305", "2150679261", "2164149984", "2167166613", "2316473956", "2331908342", "2334773705", "3013385905", "3121710273", "3121989329", "3122366410", "3125419571", "3138708150", "3139117917" ], "abstract": "intergovernmental grants are based on the interrelated choices of i the national government deciding whether to offer the grant ii the national government determining grant conditions iii the subnational government deciding whether to accept the grant and iv the subnational government determining policy including spending levels upon grant receipt empirically and theoretically scholars often study these decisions separately leading to an incomplete understanding of grant related behavior this article develops a noncooperative game theoretic model that simultaneously captures all four of these decisions this approach helps to better explain puzzles surrounding intergovernmental grants including the flypaper effect asymmetric responses of recipient governments to grant increases and decreases the grant acceptance decisions of subnational governments and tradeoffs between the size of grants and the strings that are attached copyright 2007 oxford university press", "title_raw": "Intergovernmental Grants: A Formal Model of Interrelated National and Subnational Political Decisions", "abstract_raw": "Intergovernmental grants are based on the interrelated choices of: (i) the national government deciding whether to offer the grant; (ii) the national government determining grant conditions; (iii) the subnational government deciding whether to accept the grant; and (iv) the subnational government determining policy, including spending levels, upon grant receipt. Empirically and theoretically, scholars often study these decisions separately, leading to an incomplete understanding of grant-related behavior. This article develops a noncooperative game theoretic model that simultaneously captures all four of these decisions. This approach helps to better explain puzzles surrounding intergovernmental grants, including the 'flypaper effect,' asymmetric responses of recipient governments to grant increases and decreases, the grant-acceptance decisions of subnational governments, and tradeoffs between the size of grants and the strings that are attached. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press." }, { "paper": "2119006380", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2007", "title": "peace support operations in africa a joint british kenyan initiative", "label": [ "187651312" ], "author": [ "2617684449" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Peace support operations in Africa: A joint British-Kenyan initiative", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1990240279", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2007", "title": "scientists decry president bush s veto of stem cell bill", "label": [ "2776331573", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1819960626" ], "reference": [ "1645088669", "2039551265" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Scientists decry President Bush's veto of stem-cell bill", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1982925478", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2007", "title": "terrorism and the politics of fear", "label": [ "94625758", "203133693" ], "author": [ "1790936428" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Terrorism and the Politics of Fear", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2011079118", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2007", "title": "the european union at the united nations intersecting multilateralisms by k v laatikainen and k e smith", "label": [ "122972321", "183988256" ], "author": [ "96621296" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The European Union at the United Nations: Intersecting Multilateralisms \u2013 By K.V. Laatikainen and K.E. Smith", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122812546", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2007", "title": "global health governance and the world bank", "label": [ "3116431", "2781243023", "47344431", "46578552", "148834064", "2776050585" ], "author": [ "2571070015" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "with the paul wolfowitz era behind it and new appointee robert zoellick at the helm it is time for the world bank to better define its role in an increasingly crowded and complex global health architecture says jennifer prah ruger health economist and former world bank speechwriter just 2 years after taking office as president of the world bank paul wolfowitz resigned amid allegations of favouritism and is now succeeded by robert zoellick many shortcomings marked wolfowitzs presidency not the least of which were a tumultuous battle over family planning and reproductive health policy significant reductions in spending and staffing and poor performance in implementing health nutrition and population programmes wolfowitz did little to advance the banks role in the health sector with the wolfowitz era behind it and heightened scrutiny in the aftermath the world bank needs to better define its role and seize the initiative in health at both the global and country levels can the bank have an effect in an increasingly plural and complex global health architecture what crucial role can the bank play in global health governance in the years ahead excerpt", "title_raw": "Global health governance and the World Bank", "abstract_raw": "With the Paul Wolfowitz era behind it and new appointee Robert Zoellick at the helm it is time for the World Bank to better define its role in an increasingly crowded and complex global health architecture says Jennifer Prah Ruger health economist and former World Bank speechwriter. Just 2 years after taking office as president of the World Bank Paul Wolfowitz resigned amid allegations of favouritism and is now succeeded by Robert Zoellick. Many shortcomings marked Wolfowitzs presidency not the least of which were a tumultuous battle over family planning and reproductive health policy significant reductions in spending and staffing and poor performance in implementing health nutrition and population programmes. Wolfowitz did little to advance the banks role in the health sector. With the Wolfowitz era behind it and heightened scrutiny in the aftermath the World Bank needs to better define its role and seize the initiative in health at both the global and country levels. Can the bank have an effect in an increasingly plural and complex global health architecture? What crucial role can the bank play in global health governance in the years ahead? (excerpt)" }, { "paper": "2170827160", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2007", "title": "foresight report on obesity", "label": [ "109986646" ], "author": [ "2950271671" ], "reference": [ "2048575134" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Foresight report on obesity", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2013561997", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2007", "title": "women s human rights paradoxes and possibilities", "label": [ "2780504180", "195064531", "199539241", "2778698365", "93377909", "203133693", "544040105", "169437150", "2779080126" ], "author": [ "2147561516" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "individuals rather than actual individual men with formal equality rights and freedoms his concern was that such rights were based upon certain presuppo sitions concerning human nature that derived from bourgeois ideology that man is essentially egoistic man 42 marx s argument has purchase in relation to human rights first as some contemporary marxist critics have contended human rights from 1945 onwards have developed in tandem with the expansion of neoliberalism this has meant that the rights given priority by international institutions have tended to be civil and political rights rather than economic and social ones that is those that might pose a challenge to the economic system by calling for forms of redistribution at odds with global capitalism 43 second a parallel critique has been developed by feminists this calls attention not only to the masculinist assumptions underpinning human rights which effectively occlude forms of oppression and human rights violations suffered by women as women but also highlights the fact that human rights discourse often abstracts from the structural determinations that position diverse groups of women in fundamentally inegalitarian ways merely contending that all humans have certain rights as human does little concretely to overturn or to mitigate the conditions of subordination and oppression women actually suffer in this respect a doctrine such as the un declaration of human rights for all its openness to interpretation may do little to transform deep seated structures of oppression and pronounced geopolitical inequalities even though human rights might be deficient practically in bringing about significant social transformation and this is of course one of the most frequent criticisms levelled against them they nevertheless serve an important function as patricia williams notes for the historically disempowered the conferring of rights is symbolic of all the denied aspects of their humanity 44 the very receptivity of human rights and in particular the idea of the human to appropriation and rearticulation by the outlawed that i outlined above becomes pertinent here it provides a space to challenge those normative conceptions of the human that produce through an exclusionary process a host of unlivable lives whose legal and political status is suspended 45 what of women s human rights campaigns are they more effective than universal human rights campaigns in politicising the harms women suffer as women be that rape or domestic violence it is not clear that they are unequivocally so presuming too much commonality between women conceals significant structural inequalities between them perpetuating the values and agenda of the most powerful against the least powerful for instance as grewal discusses when the case of violence against women is construed within the human rights paradigm a paradigm that assumes private autonomous beings as the holders of rights problems emerge for subaltern groups both within and outside the first world by treating violence in liberal individualist terms that is viewing harassment sexual violence or domestic violence as violence that individual women suffer she continues consideration is denied to the political and economic structures that produce the conditions for violations of 42 karl marx on the jewish question 43 see obando how effective grewal on the new global feminism and barker disenchanted rights 44 patricia williams the alchemy of race and rights london virago 1993 p 153 45 butler precarious life p xv this content downloaded from 207 46 13 180 on wed 20 apr 2016 06 17 59 utc all use subject to http about jstor org terms women s rights paradoxes and possibilities 101 women s rights in the first place 46 the idea l of women s human rights thus masks in particular contexts severe material inequalities there is however another paradox attending women s rights as human rights that i want to concen trate on here the idea of specific women s human rights as captured in cedaw has been critical in politicising some of the ways in which women s rights have been violated obando for instance suggests that the codes against violence against women were important precisely because they legitimised and gave official recognition to the real damaging experiences women across the globe suffer in contradistinction to grewal obando suggests that the effect of such codes was not to individualise women s experiences but rather to make them the focus of collective concern as experiences that governments have a duty to attend to even though law enforcement will not always follow 47 by making certain acts such as rape or domestic violence into criminal acts punishable by the courts and prisons and thus by generating certain international norms governing conduct for obando greater visibility is given to women and the kinds of oppression they suffer in this respect rights discourse offers a recognised vocabulary to frame social and political wrongs 48 furthermore it acts as a spur to women to act to change their situation not least by endeavouring to hold governments accountable for human rights breaches as charlotte bunch puts it when women know that something is defined legally as their rights and even when they cannot access that right it can add to their determination to challenge the conditions that prevent the exercise of these rights 49 nevertheless paradoxically distributing rights to women as women whether these rights are positivised in national law or only codified in international law50 does not necessarily as wendy brown notes liberate women from being designated and subordinated by gender it may offer some defence against the worst features of that designation but it reinscribes the designation as it protects us and it allows legal structures state based for brown or state and or international on my reading to regulate women as women 51 rights accorded to women as women be that the right to determine marriage partner or freedom from violence say may fortify opportunities for women to be both legally interpellated and normalised as women while this may be most acute when human rights have been positivised the point is that far from offering unalloyed benefits to women human rights for women may actually renaturalise certain subordinating categories of identity the purpose of my obser vation is not to suggest that women should either abandon the motivation to make human rights demands on behalf of women as women or yield the space they have carved within the legal framework into which to interject concepts or ideas relating 46 grewal specifically ties her criticism to the ways in which this debate and campaign reinforced the hegemonic political agenda of the us 47 obando how effective 48 hilary charlesworth cited in coomaraswamy reinventing international law 49 bunch in what are the implications 50 i am using the term positivise in the sense deployed by jeremy colwill in his universal human rights the rhetoric of international law csd perspectives 1994 as the practice of translating human rights defined at the international level in highly generalised and universal terms into a form that satisfies the requirements of positive law at the national level p 3 as colwill explains the way that rights are positivised depends upon the actual code or set of regulations requiring translation and whether they confer individual rights and or impose obligations on states towards other states 51 wendy brown suffering rights as paradoxes constellations 7 2000 p 232 this content downloaded from 207 46 13 180 on wed 20 apr 2016 06 17 59 utc all use subject to http about jstor org terms", "title_raw": "(Women\u2019s) human rights: paradoxes and possibilities", "abstract_raw": "individuals, rather than 'actual individual' men, with formal equality, rights and freedoms. His concern was that such rights were based upon certain presuppo sitions concerning human nature that derived from bourgeois ideology that man is, essentially, 'egoistic man'.42 Marx's argument has purchase in relation to human rights. First, as some contemporary Marxist critics have contended, human rights from 1945 onwards have developed in tandem with the expansion of neoliberalism. This has meant that the rights given priority by international institutions have tended to be civil and political rights rather than economic and social ones that is, those that might pose a challenge to the economic system by calling for forms of redistribution at odds with global capitalism.43 Second, a parallel critique has been developed by feminists. This calls attention not only to the masculinist assumptions underpinning human rights, which effectively occlude forms of oppression and human rights violations suffered by women as women, but also highlights the fact that human rights discourse often abstracts from the structural determinations that position diverse groups of women in fundamentally inegalitarian ways. Merely contending that all humans have certain rights as human does little concretely to overturn or to mitigate the conditions of subordination and oppression women actually suffer. In this respect, a doctrine such as the UN Declaration of Human Rights, for all its openness to interpretation, may do little to transform deep-seated structures of oppression and pronounced geopolitical inequalities. Even though human rights might be deficient practically in bringing about significant social transformation and this is, of course, one of the most frequent criticisms levelled against them they, nevertheless, serve an important function. As Patricia Williams notes, 'For the historically disempowered, the conferring of rights is symbolic of all the denied aspects of their humanity'.44 The very receptivity of human rights and in particular, the idea of the human-to appropriation and rearticulation by the outlawed that I outlined above becomes pertinent here. It provides a space to challenge 'those normative conceptions of the human that produce, through an exclusionary process, a host of \"unlivable lives\" whose legal and political status is suspended'.45 What of women's human rights campaigns? Are they more effective than universal human rights campaigns in politicising the harms women suffer as women be that rape or domestic violence? It is not clear that they are unequivocally so. Presuming too much commonality between women conceals significant structural inequalities between them, perpetuating the values and agenda of the most powerful against the least powerful. For instance, as Grewal discusses, when the case of violence against women is construed within the human rights paradigm, a paradigm that assumes private, autonomous beings as the holders of rights, problems emerge for subaltern groups both within and outside the First World. By treating violence in liberal individualist terms (that is, viewing harassment, sexual violence or domestic violence as violence that individual women suffer), she continues, consideration is denied to the political and economic structures that produce the conditions for violations of 42 Karl Marx, 'On the Jewish Question'. 43 See Obando, 'How Effective', Grewal, 'On the New Global Feminism', and Barker, 'Disenchanted Rights'. 44 Patricia Williams, The Alchemy of Race and Rights (London: Virago, 1993), p. 153. 45 Butler, Precarious Life, p. xv. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.180 on Wed, 20 Apr 2016 06:17:59 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Women's rights: paradoxes and possibilities 101 women's rights in the first place.46 The idea(l) of women's human rights thus masks-in particular contexts severe material inequalities. There is, however, another paradox attending women's rights as human rights that I want to concen trate on here. The idea of specific women's human rights, as captured in CEDAW, has been critical in politicising (some of) the ways in which women's rights have been violated. Obando, for instance, suggests that the codes against violence against women were important precisely because they legitimised and gave official recognition to the real, damaging, experiences women across the globe suffer. In contradistinction to Grewal, Obando suggests that the effect of such codes was not to individualise women's experiences but rather to make them the focus of collective concern: as experiences that governments have a duty to attend to, even though law enforcement will not always follow.47 By making certain acts (such as rape or domestic violence) into criminal acts, punishable by the courts and prisons, and thus by generating certain international norms governing conduct, for Obando, greater visibility is given to women and the kinds of oppression they suffer. In this respect, 'Rights discourse offers a recognised vocabulary to frame social and political wrongs'.48 Furthermore, it acts as a spur to women to act to change their situation, not least by endeavouring to hold governments accountable for human rights breaches. As Charlotte Bunch puts it, 'when women know that something is defined legally as their rights', and even when they cannot access that right, 'it can add to their determination to challenge the conditions that prevent the exercise of these rights'.49 Nevertheless, paradoxically, distributing rights to women as women whether these rights are positivised in national law or only codified in international law50 does not necessarily, as Wendy Brown notes, liberate women from being 'designated and subordinated by gender'. It may offer some defence against the worst features of that designation but 'it reinscribes the designation as it protects us' and it allows legal structures (state-based for Brown, or state and/or international on my reading) to regulate women as women.51 Rights accorded to women as women-be that the right to determine marriage partner or freedom from violence, say-may fortify opportunities for women to be both legally interpellated and normalised as women. While this may be most acute when human rights have been positivised, the point is that far from offering unalloyed benefits to women, human rights for women may actually renaturalise certain subordinating categories of identity. The purpose of my obser vation is not to suggest that women should either abandon the motivation to make human rights demands on behalf of women as women, or yield the space they have carved within the legal framework into which to interject concepts or ideas relating 46 Grewal specifically ties her criticism to the ways in which this debate and campaign reinforced the hegemonic political agenda of the US. 47 Obando, 'How Effective'. 48 Hilary Charlesworth, cited in Coomaraswamy, 'Reinventing International Law'. 49 Bunch in 'What Are the Implications'. 50 I am using the term positivise in the sense deployed by Jeremy Colwill, in his Universal Human Rights? The Rhetoric of International Law (CSD Perspectives, 1994), as the practice of 'translating human rights, defined at the international level in highly generalised and universal terms, into a form that satisfies the requirements of positive law at the national level' (p. 3). As Colwill explains, the way that rights are positivised depends upon the actual code or set of regulations requiring translation and whether they confer individual rights and or impose obligations on states (towards other states). 51 Wendy Brown, 'Suffering Rights as Paradoxes', Constellations, 7 (2000), p. 232. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.180 on Wed, 20 Apr 2016 06:17:59 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms" }, { "paper": "2086308937", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2007", "title": "richard gunther jose ramon montero and hans jurgen puhle democracy intermediation and voting on four continents", "label": [ "555826173", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2147995532" ], "reference": [ "1992198931" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Richard Gunther, Jose Ramon Montero, and Hans-J\u00fcrgen Puhle. Democracy, Intermediation, and Voting on Four Continents.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2090280771", "venue": "160686149", "year": "2007", "title": "a case study of the construction of international hierarchy british treaty making against the slave trade in the early nineteenth century", "label": [ "2779010840", "2778890055", "199539241", "128706718", "55447825", "31170391", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2189637407" ], "reference": [ "17769953", "180670815", "325702647", "337910372", "374862627", "386604733", "584832694", "586812383", "610664109", "649811592", "650124263", "800003713", "1484632320", "1494624963", "1515842868", "1516971292", "1532848261", "1547632177", "1553819850", "1557265558", "1573748655", "1582166941", "1592205206", "1968247579", "1969852252", "1970228552", "1972736519", "1974653834", "1978918752", "1981805208", "1982966970", "1983777668", "1984138203", "1997876603", "2006616684", "2012561209", "2022183040", "2029015779", "2029974592", "2033576315", "2036547276", "2037806427", "2047656735", "2049704024", "2051836572", "2054887235", "2062406474", "2066466277", "2068171694", "2071380466", "2072671654", "2079643502", "2090983934", "2096474112", "2103834890", "2113225645", "2137388546", "2140240047", "2141483960", "2149579198", "2150515448", "2151875548", "2158232442", "2161813897", "2163144092", "2164304100", "2164378271", "2166735555", "2170552981", "2313528809", "2325781719", "2328095703", "2328231644", "2490273690", "2497464339", "2587232950", "2587829808", "2605934254", "2764460441", "2797123339", "2799049176", "3081949511", "3133450332", "3156650019" ], "abstract": "this article evaluates different theories of hierarchy in international relations through a case study of the treaty system that the british constructed in the early nineteenth century in an effort to abolish the slave trade the treaty system was extraordinarily wide ranging it embraced european maritime powers new republics in the americas muslim rulers in northern and eastern africa and native chiefs on the western coast of africa it therefore allows for a comparative analysis of the various types of treaty that the british made depending on the identity of their contracting partners the article argues that a broadly constructivist approach provides the best explanation of why these variations emerged although british treaty making was influenced by the relative strength or weakness of the states with which they were dealing the decisive factor that shaped the treaty system was a new legal doctrine that had emerged in the late eighteenth century which combined a positivist theory of the importance of treaties as a source of international law with a distinction between the family of civilized nations and barbarous peoples some of the arguments in this article were presented to a seminar at the university of chicago and i am grateful to members of the political science department there for several valuable constructive criticisms i would also like to thank duncan bell molly cochran steve hopgood andy hurrell katja weber and the journal s two anonymous readers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of the article", "title_raw": "A Case Study of the Construction of International Hierarchy: British Treaty-Making Against the Slave Trade in the Early Nineteenth Century", "abstract_raw": "This article evaluates different theories of hierarchy in international relations through a case study of the treaty system that the British constructed in the early nineteenth century in an effort to abolish the slave trade. The treaty system was extraordinarily wide-ranging: it embraced European maritime powers, new republics in the Americas, Muslim rulers in northern and eastern Africa, and \u201cNative Chiefs\u201d on the western coast of Africa. It therefore allows for a comparative analysis of the various types of treaty that the British made, depending on the identity of their contracting partners. The article argues that a broadly constructivist approach provides the best explanation of why these variations emerged. Although British treaty-making was influenced by the relative strength or weakness of the states with which they were dealing, the decisive factor that shaped the treaty system was a new legal doctrine that had emerged in the late eighteenth century, which combined a positivist theory of the importance of treaties as a source of international law with a distinction between the \u201cfamily of civilized nations\u201d and \u201cbarbarous peoples.\u201d Some of the arguments in this article were presented to a seminar at the University of Chicago, and I am grateful to members of the Political Science Department there for several valuable constructive criticisms. I would also like to thank Duncan Bell, Molly Cochran, Steve Hopgood, Andy Hurrell, Katja Weber, and the journal's two anonymous readers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of the article." }, { "paper": "2116040683", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2007", "title": "presidents have problems too the logic of intra branch delegation in east asian democracies", "label": [ "3116431", "94625758", "2779111050", "86532276", "83009810", "76775654" ], "author": [ "2627487714" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article addresses the codification of formal rules and procedures of governance through administrative procedure acts apas the recent enactment of apas in two new democracies south korea and taiwan highlights an apparent paradox because administrative reform limits the executive s power it is clear why legislatures in separation of power systems would favour apas but it is less clear why presidents would support them why would a president accept a law designed to restrict her ability to act freely the answer is that presidents have agency problems too the more intra branch conflict they face during their administrations the more likely they will support administrative reform thus instead of tying the hands of future administrations presidents also use apas to overcome current control problems three recently democratized east asian countries two with apas south korea and taiwan and one without philippines support this reining in theory conflict within the executive branch may be an important ingredient in democratic consolidation apas result from political struggle", "title_raw": "Presidents Have Problems Too: The Logic of Intra-branch Delegation in East Asian Democracies", "abstract_raw": "This article addresses the codification of formal rules and procedures of governance through Administrative Procedure Acts (APAs). The recent enactment of APAs in two new democracies, South Korea and Taiwan, highlights an apparent paradox. Because administrative reform limits the executive's power, it is clear why legislatures in separation-of-power systems would favour APAs. But it is less clear why presidents would support them. Why would a president accept a law designed to restrict her ability to act freely? The answer is that presidents have agency problems too. The more intra-branch conflict they face during their administrations, the more likely they will support administrative reform. Thus, instead of tying the hands of future administrations, presidents also use APAs to overcome current control problems. Three recently democratized East Asian countries, two with APAs (South Korea and Taiwan) and one without (Philippines), support this 'reining in' theory. Conflict within the executive branch may be an important ingredient in democratic consolidation. APAs result from political struggle." }, { "paper": "2024786400", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2007", "title": "fair deal for india", "label": [ "86532276" ], "author": [ "39168690" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "three accords have opened a new era in scientific collaboration between europe and india bolstered last week at a meeting in new delhi between india s science minister and his counterparts from the european union e u the first such gathering outside europe the parley featured india committing to a 250 million contribution for the 1 5 billion facility for antiproton and ion research fair at the gsi heavy ion research lab in darmstadt germany indian scientists will collaborate on the project which once completed in 2014 will produce beams for research into nuclear physics plasmas and nuclear astrophysics it s good to have india on board says john wood head of the u k s central laboratory of the research councils in addition india and the e u will each contribute 7 5 million annually to a joint research fund for projects in health climate and energy indian scientists will also be able to compete for grants under the e u s 7 year 75 billion seventh framework programme which began earlier this year india will be the most important and first partner in the seventh framework programme said annette schavan germany s minister for education and research who led the e u delegation indian science minister kapil sibal called the agreement historic", "title_raw": "FAIR Deal for India", "abstract_raw": "Three accords have opened a new era in scientific collaboration between Europe and India, bolstered last week at a meeting in New Delhi between India's science minister and his counterparts from the European Union (E.U.).\n\nThe first such gathering outside Europe, the parley featured India committing to a $250 million contribution for the $1.5 billion Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at the GSI heavy-ion research lab in Darmstadt, Germany. Indian scientists will collaborate on the project, which once completed in 2014 will produce beams for research into nuclear physics, plasmas, and nuclear astrophysics. \u201cIt's good to have India on board,\u201d says John Wood, head of the U.K.'s Central Laboratory of the Research Councils.\n\nIn addition, India and the E.U. will each contribute $7.5 million annually to a joint research fund for projects in health, climate, and energy. Indian scientists will also be able to compete for grants under the E.U.'s 7-year, $75 billion Seventh Framework Programme, which began earlier this year. \u201cIndia will be the most important and first partner in the Seventh Framework Programme,\u201d said Annette Schavan, Germany's minister for education and research, who led the E.U. delegation. Indian science minister Kapil Sibal called the agreement \u201chistoric.\u201d" }, { "paper": "2116181789", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2007", "title": "blitz brad k ed 2006 war and change in the balkans nationalism conflict and cooperation cambridge cambridge university press 302 pp isbn 0521677734", "label": [ "521449643" ], "author": [ "2542119746" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Blitz, Brad K., ed., 2006. War and Change in the Balkans: Nationalism, Conflict and Cooperation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 302 pp. ISBN 0521677734", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2025866508", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2007", "title": "international socialization in difficult environments the organisation for security and cooperation in europe in central asia", "label": [ "17058734", "169437150", "2776051254", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2314050976" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article explores the potential of the organisation for security and cooperation in europe osce to be an agent of socialization in the five central asian republics of kazakhstan kyrgyzstan tajikistan turkmenistan and uzbekistan in drawing on both rationalist and constructivist approaches to international socialization it is argued that the organization s inability to provide tangible material and political incentives as well as central asia s indigenous culture and institutions impede successful socialization dynamics moreover the power oriented elites consider the bulk of the osce activities to be a threat to their grasp on power not only making socialization almost impossible but also making osce central asian cooperation increasingly difficult to sustain recommendations to increase the osce s influence in the region concentrate on a better understanding of the cost benefit calculation of central asian governments as well as a more responsive attitude to traditional institutions in the os", "title_raw": "International Socialization in Difficult Environments: The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe in Central Asia", "abstract_raw": "This article explores the potential of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) to be an agent of socialization in the five Central Asian Republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. In drawing on both rationalist and constructivist approaches to international socialization it is argued that the organization's inability to provide tangible material and political incentives as well as Central Asia's indigenous culture and institutions impede successful socialization dynamics. Moreover, the power-oriented elites consider the bulk of the OSCE activities to be a threat to their grasp on power, not only making socialization almost impossible but also making OSCE\u2013Central Asian cooperation increasingly difficult to sustain. Recommendations to increase the OSCE's influence in the region concentrate on a better understanding of the cost-benefit calculation of Central Asian governments as well as a more responsive attitude to traditional institutions in the OS..." }, { "paper": "1517256566", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2007", "title": "consumerism versus producerism a study in comparative law", "label": [ "2781385186", "94625758", "2778327228", "199539241", "149209484", "2780966255" ], "author": [ "2197693783" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the spread ofamerican style consumerism is a burning global issue today the most visible symbols of american consumerism large enterprises like wal mart and mcdonald s attract vitriolic attacks in many parts of the world political conflict in europe and elsewhere turns largely on the question of whether legal systems everywhere must inevitably follow the american model despite the global importance of the consumerism debates though comparative lawyers have found little to say in an effort to develop an analytic comparative law approach to the problem of global consumerism this article proposes to revive an analytic distinction that was common in the 1930s the distinction between consumerism and producerism a producerist legal order tends to revolve around rights and interests on the supply side of the market it focuses on the interest of some class of producers or distributors such as workers small shopkeepers or the competitors in a given industry a consumerist legal order by contrast tends to focus on rights and interests on the demand side of the market in particular on the consumer economic interest understood primarily as an interest in competitive prices producerist legal orders can take forms quite different from consumerist ones both when it comes to economic regulation in the law of antitrust and retail and when it comes to fundamental conceptions of the nature of rights the distinction between consumerism and producerism involves some real complexities and it must be used with care nevertheless this article argues it is of fundamental importance for classifying and analyzing legal systems and in particular for understanding basic and persistent differences between continental europe and the united states author ford foundation professor of comparative and foreign law yale law school earlier versions of this paper were presented at workshops at columbia cornell duke and nyu law schools i am grateful to participants in all four forums for their comments i also gratefully acknowledge detailed and useful comments by ian ayres giacinto della cananea rochelle dreyfuss eleanor fox david gerber christian joerges anette kur susanne lepsius mike levine joseph raz alan schwartz frank upham and john witt heinonline 117 yale l j 34", "title_raw": "Consumerism Versus Producerism: A Study in Comparative Law", "abstract_raw": "The spread ofAmerican-style \"consumerism\" is a burning global issue today. The most visible symbols of American consumerism, large enterprises like Wal-Mart and McDonald's, attract vitriolic attacks in many parts of the world. Political conflict in Europe (and elsewhere) turns largely on the question of whether legal systems everywhere must inevitably follow the American model. Despite the global importance of the consumerism debates, though, comparative lawyers have found little to say. In an effort to develop an analytic comparative law approach to the problem of global consumerism, this Article proposes to revive an analytic distinction that was common in the 1930s: the distinction between \"consumerism\" and \"producerism.\" A producerist legal order tends to revolve around rights and interests on the supply side of the market: it focuses on the interest of some class of producers or distributors (such as workers, small shopkeepers, or the competitors in a given industry). A consumerist legal order, by contrast, tends to focus on rights and interests on the demand side of the market-in particular, on the consumer economic interest, understood primarily as an interest in competitive prices. Producerist legal orders can take forms quite different from consumerist ones, both when it comes to economic regulation in the law of antitrust and retail and when it comes to fundamental conceptions of the nature of rights. The distinction between consumerism and producerism involves some real complexities, and it must be used with care. Nevertheless, this Article argues, it is of fundamental importance for classifying and analyzing legal systems, and in particular for understanding basic and persistent differences between continental Europe and the United States. AUTHOR. Ford Foundation Professor of Comparative and Foreign Law, Yale Law School. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at workshops at Columbia, Cornell, Duke, and NYU law schools. I am grateful to participants in all four forums for their comments. I also gratefully acknowledge detailed and useful comments by Ian Ayres, Giacinto della Cananea, Rochelle Dreyfuss, Eleanor Fox, David Gerber, Christian Joerges, Anette Kur, Susanne Lepsius, Mike Levine, Joseph Raz, Alan Schwartz, Frank Upham, and John Witt. HeinOnline -117 Yale L.J. 34" }, { "paper": "2170322292", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2007", "title": "global feminism transnational women s activism organizing and human rights", "label": [ "169437150", "2780823520", "187155963" ], "author": [ "2493887685" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Global Feminism: Transnational Women's Activism, Organizing, and Human Rights", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "131577416", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2007", "title": "president urges senate approval of the law of the sea convention", "label": [ "183988256", "2780608745", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "President Urges Senate Approval of the Law of the Sea Convention", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2128146077", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2007", "title": "networked poverty in rural russia", "label": [ "189326681", "129047720", "2778452349", "178377140" ], "author": [ "1996468608" ], "reference": [ "172399344", "221661305", "237304918", "365363107", "374578015", "562395654", "574728578", "580102891", "623379039", "1481964728", "1487279857", "1523398333", "1527937966", "1557661352", "1574559962", "1576091308", "1596291455", "1679823108", "1966472199", "1966755998", "1969091870", "1969121955", "1971482143", "1972922514", "1979669262", "1979851745", "1981410982", "1989604860", "1993978770", "1994918139", "1996830025", "1999754792", "1999820641", "2000364370", "2003292920", "2005333345", "2008934558", "2010639892", "2015370254", "2017099446", "2022900574", "2026407147", "2035435373", "2036327921", "2036898128", "2042349004", "2047601242", "2055177432", "2055684940", "2061901927", "2064292481", "2065080567", "2065204426", "2069426402", "2069953605", "2069965815", "2075720786", "2080512697", "2086121101", "2090779691", "2094690479", "2096224526", "2101588982", "2104476183", "2108991971", "2115059495", "2130798612", "2141146741", "2145763643", "2166863031", "2166877206", "2167757977", "2168547423", "2232839779", "2236319058", "2264327531", "2287346319", "2318298241", "2320164000", "2327500839", "2334311856", "2476831968", "2506184824", "2513098629", "2528958034", "2529765803", "2587167049", "2764357991", "2764603128", "2765068257", "2773984279", "2799365242", "2801168333", "2904260840", "2923579253", "3139947470" ], "abstract": "abstract this article attempts to apply major ideas developed in anglo american network analysis to enlarge geographical constructions of the rural problematic in russia it interrogates complex understandings of poor people via a study of social networks in two villages in central european russia focusing on connections between different actors embedded in social contexts in the countryside different forms of associations between rural people and the ways in which specific forms of their interrelations affect poverty in so doing the article attempts to reconnect different positions of rural people in russia and different transitory aspects of poor identities i e of people in poverty as well as to broaden understanding of differentiated experiences of rural poverty", "title_raw": "Networked poverty in rural Russia", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This article attempts to apply major ideas developed in Anglo-American \u2018network analysis\u2019 to enlarge geographical constructions of the rural \u2018problematic\u2019 in Russia. It interrogates complex understandings of \u2018poor people\u2019 via a study of social networks in two villages in Central European Russia, focusing on connections between different actors embedded in social contexts in the countryside, different forms of associations between rural people, and the ways in which specific forms of their interrelations affect poverty. In so doing, the article attempts to reconnect different positions of rural people in Russia and different transitory aspects of \u2018poor\u2019 identities (i.e. of people in poverty), as well as to broaden understanding of differentiated experiences of rural poverty." }, { "paper": "2104079235", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2007", "title": "prejudice in politics group position public opinion and the wisconsin treaty rights dispute", "label": [ "56617239", "134698397", "94625758", "2779010840", "199539241", "100505606", "107062074" ], "author": [ "1932492120" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Prejudice in Politics: Group Position, Public Opinion, and the Wisconsin Treaty Rights Dispute", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2007561223", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2007", "title": "explaining the naturalisation practices of turks in germany in the wake of the citizenship reform of 1999", "label": [ "70036468", "4451082", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2674948477" ], "reference": [ "359582799", "852321667", "1964751668", "1979991846", "1991888940", "2027695412", "2038047783", "2049712139", "2141100511", "2155276726" ], "abstract": "this paper presents statistical and qualitative data on the response of turkish immigrants and their descendants living in germany to the changes in the german citizenship reform of 1999 my findings suggest that the effects of the new citizenship and naturalisation regulations on turkish immigrants were mediated by their generational status and the time period in which they arrived or were raised in germany", "title_raw": "Explaining the Naturalisation Practices of Turks in Germany in the Wake of the Citizenship Reform of 1999", "abstract_raw": "This paper presents statistical and qualitative data on the response of Turkish immigrants and their descendants living in Germany to the changes in the German citizenship \u2018reform\u2019 of 1999. My findings suggest that the effects of the new citizenship and naturalisation regulations on Turkish immigrants were mediated by their generational status and the time period in which they arrived or were raised in Germany." }, { "paper": "1975031485", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2007", "title": "institutional capital building post communist government performance", "label": [ "513891491", "68062652", "2780655730" ], "author": [ "82692242" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "institutional capital building post communist government performance by laura brunell lanham md university press of america 2005 270p 59 00 cloth 39 00 paper this book makes an important theoretical contribution by opening the black box linking social capital and democratic performance spurred by robert putnam s observed correlation between social capital and budget promptness making democracy work 1995 laura brunell seeks to explain the causal mechanisms connecting a vibrant civil society to good government performance", "title_raw": "Institutional Capital: Building Post-Communist Government Performance", "abstract_raw": "Institutional Capital: Building Post-Communist Government Performance. By Laura Brunell. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2005. 270p. $59.00. cloth, $39.00 paper This book makes an important theoretical contribution by opening the \u201cblack box\u201d linking social capital and democratic performance. Spurred by Robert Putnam's observed correlation between social capital and budget promptness ( Making Democracy Work, 1995), Laura Brunell seeks to explain the causal mechanisms connecting a vibrant civil society to good government performance." }, { "paper": "2138128768", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2007", "title": "white house risk averse", "label": [ "135397884" ], "author": [ "1736644647" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "after getting slammed by the national academies national research council nrc the white house office of management and budget omb has decided not to issue a controversial directive on risk assessment the draft bulletin released in january 2006 contained guidelines and technical standards on", "title_raw": "White House: Risk-Averse", "abstract_raw": "After getting slammed by the National Academies' National Research Council (NRC), the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has decided not to issue a controversial directive on risk assessment. The draft bulletin, released in January 2006, contained guidelines and technical standards on" }, { "paper": "2738845286", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2007", "title": "review dreamlanddreamlandhow canada s pretend foreign policy has undermined sovereigntyrempelroykingston school of policy studies queen s university 2006 189pp 60 00 cloth isbn 1 5533 9119 5 29 95 paper isbn 1 5533 9118 7", "label": [ "203566152", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2001688019" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review: DreamlandDREAMLANDHow Canada's Pretend Foreign Policy Has Undermined SovereigntyRempelRoyKingston: School of Policy Studies, Queen's University, 2006. 189pp, $60.00 cloth (ISBN 1-5533-9119-5), $29.95 paper (ISBN 1-5533-9118-7)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2161623029", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2007", "title": "africa s great war", "label": [ "555826173", "531593650" ], "author": [ "2172247929" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the conflict in the democratic republic of congo droc has reinforced africa s status as a strategic ghetto in the post cold war world the absence of non african involvement or even interest underscores a break with earlier eras of colonial ambition and cold war rivalries some observers have seen in this war the division of droc and thus the break up of central africa this does not however reflect the agendas of the states involved in the conflict the chief protagonists rwanda uganda and angola are fighting to preserve their own regimes against insurgents mounting attacks from congolese territory rwanda and angola in particular although on opposing sides share similar goals to install a sympathetic regime in kinshasa that can put an end to these attacks the fracturing of droc will not serve this purpose and could well worsen their problems", "title_raw": "Africa's great war", "abstract_raw": "The conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DROC) has reinforced Africa's status as a strategic ghetto in the post-Cold War world. The absence of non-African involvement or even interest underscores a break with earlier eras of colonial ambition and Cold War rivalries. Some observers have seen in this war the division of DROC and thus the break-up of central Africa. This does not, however, reflect the agendas of the states involved in the conflict. The chief protagonists - Rwanda, Uganda and Angola - are fighting to preserve their own regimes against insurgents mounting attacks from Congolese territory. Rwanda and Angola in particular, although on opposing sides, share similar goals: to install a sympathetic regime in Kinshasa that can put an end to these attacks. The fracturing of DROC will not serve this purpose, and could well worsen their problems." }, { "paper": "1971358275", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2007", "title": "britain s imperial cornerstone in china the chinese maritime customs service 1854 1949 donna brunero london and new york routledge 2006 xiv 200 pp 65 00 isbn 0 415 32619 2", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2699511588" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Britain's Imperial Cornerstone in China: The Chinese Maritime Customs Service, 1854\u20131949 . DONNA BRUNERO. London and New York: Routledge, 2006. xiv + 200 pp. \u00a365.00. ISBN 0-415-32619-2.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1978874888", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2007", "title": "making articles available for flu planning", "label": [ "39549134", "34974158" ], "author": [ "2486387215" ], "reference": [ "1513041401", "2010165443", "2164860726" ], "abstract": "figure 1 credit peter hoey recent discussion about the sharing of h5n1 samples by the indonesian government with the world health organization highlights the importance of intellectual property issues in vaccine development indonesia who patch up m enserink sciencescope 23", "title_raw": "Making articles available for flu planning.", "abstract_raw": "![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: PETER HOEY\n\nRecent discussion about the sharing of H5N1 samples by the Indonesian government with the World Health Organization highlights the importance of intellectual property issues in vaccine development [\u201cIndonesia, WHO patch up,\u201d M. Enserink, ScienceScope, 23" }, { "paper": "2084116673", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2007", "title": "un covenant on civil and political rights ccpr commentarythe procedures before the un human rights treaty bodies divergence or convergence non discrimination and equality in the view of the un human rights treaty bodies", "label": [ "2779010840", "94625758", "22299250", "169437150", "199539241", "136800757", "86615163" ], "author": [ "2655045879" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. CCPR CommentaryThe Procedures before the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies. Divergence or Convergence?Non-discrimination and Equality in the View of the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2053774744", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2007", "title": "the 2006 parliamentary election in ukraine", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "120125682" ], "reference": [ "2018995028", "2064724857" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The 2006 Parliamentary Election in Ukraine", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2140048929", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2007", "title": "consociationalism and power sharing in africa rwanda burundi and the democratic republic of the congo", "label": [ "2779707719", "2776689000", "2776050585", "65414064", "158561935", "2776331573", "555826173", "183763965" ], "author": [ "1852449350" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "although there are obvious merits to the consociational argument including the need to recognize the claims of minorities through power sharing arrangements translating theory into practice has generally failed in much of africa the reasons for this are many and are by no means reducible to single factor explanations looking at the recent experiments in power sharing in former belgian africa this article offers a comparative assessment of the radically different trajectories followed by rwanda burundi and the democratic republic of the congo drc in their efforts to regulate conflict through consociational formulas although rwanda stands as a textbook example of failed power sharing and the drc as a less than successful experiment burundi which comes nearest to institutionalizing the lijphart model offers grounds for cautious optimism about the merits of a consociational polity on the strength of the evidence from burundi one might conceivably argue that the key to success lies in the extent to which the technicalities of power sharing tend to approximate the conditions spelled out by lijphart notably group autonomy proportionality and the minority veto closer scrutiny of the cases at hand suggests a somewhat different conclusion perhaps even more importantly than the mechanics of power sharing the socio political context is what spells the difference between success and failure since its formulation by arend lijphart in the 1970s few theories have had a more enduring impact on the thinking of analysts and practitioners of democratic governance than the consociational model its underlying rend lemarchand renelemar aol com is professor emeritus of political science at the university of florida he has written extensively on the great lakes region of central africa this article is a much revised version of a paper presented in february 2006 at a conference on managing ethno political conflicts in africa jointly organized by the solomon ash center for the study of ethno political conflict at the university of pennsylvania and the centre for peace and conflict studies of the university of ibadan nigeria the author wishes to thank the participants in the conference notably brendan o leary and the joint editors of this journal for their searching comments when the article was still in draft form 1 arendt lijphart democracy in plural societies a comparative exploration yale university press new haven ct 1977 and for a more succinct formulation the power sharing approach in joseph v montville ed conflict and peace making in multiethnic societies d c heath lexington ky 1990 pp 491 509", "title_raw": "Consociationalism and Power Sharing in Africa: Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "abstract_raw": "Although there are obvious merits to the consociational argument, including the need to recognize the claims of minorities through power-sharing arrangements, translating theory into practice has generally failed in much of Africa. The reasons for this are many and are by no means reducible to single-factor explanations. Looking at the recent experiments in power sharing in former Belgian Africa, this article offers a comparative assessment of the radically different trajectories followed by Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in their efforts to regulate conflict through consociational formulas. Although Rwanda stands as a textbook example of failed power sharing, and the DRC as a less than successful experiment, Burundi, which comes nearest to institutionalizing the Lijphart model, offers grounds for cautious optimism about the merits of a consociational polity. On the strength of the evidence from Burundi, one might conceivably argue that the key to success lies in the extent to which the technicalities of power sharing tend to approximate the conditions spelled out by Lijphart, notably group autonomy, proportionality, and the minority veto. Closer scrutiny of the cases at hand suggests a somewhat different conclusion. Perhaps even more importantly than the mechanics of power sharing, the socio-political context is what spells the difference between success and failure. SINCE ITS FORMULATION BY AREND LIJPHART IN THE 1970s, few theories have had a more enduring impact on the thinking of analysts and practitioners of democratic governance than the consociational model.' Its underlying Rend Lemarchand (renelemar@aol.com) is professor emeritus of Political Science at the University of Florida. He has written extensively on the Great Lakes region of Central Africa. This article is a much revised version of a paper presented in February 2006 at a conference on 'Managing ethno-political conflicts in Africa' jointly organized by the Solomon Ash Center for the Study of Ethno-Political Conflict at the University of Pennsylvania and the Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The author wishes to thank the participants in the conference, notably, Brendan O'Leary, and the joint editors of this journal for their searching comments when the article was still in draft form. 1. Arendt Lijphart, Democracy in Plural Societies: A comparative exploration (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1977), and for a more succinct formulation, 'The power-sharing approach', in Joseph V. Montville (ed.), Conflict and Peace-Making in Multiethnic Societies (D.C. Heath, Lexington, KY, 1990), pp. 491-509." }, { "paper": "1996392459", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2007", "title": "collaborative governance in theory and practice", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2160717069", "2160627856" ], "reference": [ "11808841", "67861509", "85136777", "103394028", "114723835", "119606125", "129753066", "142143734", "192699099", "207640147", "292817179", "320486837", "563646752", "632467612", "867993182", "1495267566", "1501322692", "1526299364", "1553909701", "1577962188", "1578322390", "1593379608", "1743025827", "1848250256", "1855530322", "1918981469", "1961311170", "1963631397", "1965060935", "1967929124", "1969085379", "1971441398", "1973357205", "1977212835", "1980637964", "1982472203", "1985489161", "1991744301", "1992133409", "1993549108", "2000584324", "2002628611", "2004485704", "2005548596", "2017629617", "2018461706", "2018891987", "2022471825", "2025727823", "2026220801", "2027842223", "2028155769", "2028947647", "2030702018", "2032725557", "2036201318", "2036479097", "2037582742", "2038764390", "2046255938", "2052661762", "2053326236", "2054051417", "2057186143", "2057536558", "2059966115", "2061723332", "2066273776", "2069044421", "2071067816", "2074178521", "2074574894", "2075505640", "2076175262", "2080171783", "2080700999", "2082808961", "2083165642", "2085277708", "2091905970", "2093350019", "2095439789", "2096166347", "2096955817", "2097714817", "2099436484", "2101885185", "2105907912", "2106679368", "2110910099", "2112289938", "2117815140", "2119374458", "2121825453", "2124039769", "2129263533", "2129478706", "2129911347", "2133765923", "2134838822", "2135429793", "2135827708", "2141687949", "2143008191", "2144078356", "2145616436", "2146577211", "2146622136", "2148455848", "2155274319", "2155600181", "2157106125", "2157693829", "2159912593", "2160282889", "2162577040", "2163188622", "2164499255", "2165222567", "2165263454", "2166465680", "2178656815", "2187560342", "2297118346", "2322536817", "2325130519", "2326911894", "2327189227", "2340451552", "2423710092", "2554054932", "2754246489", "2756031745", "3122611102", "3122799826", "3123052565", "3126029172" ], "abstract": "over the past few decades a new form of governance has emerged to replace adversarial and managerial modes of policy making and implementation collaborative governance as it has come to be known brings public and private stakeholders together in collective forums with public agencies to engage in consensus oriented decision making in this article we conduct a meta analytical study of the existing literature on collaborative governance with the goal of elaborating a contingency model of collaborative governance after reviewing 137 cases of collaborative governance across a range of policy sectors we identify critical variables that will influence whether or not this mode of governance will produce successful collaboration these variables include the prior history of conflict or cooperation the incentives for stakeholders to participate power and resources imbalances leadership and institutional design we also identify a series of factors that are crucial within the collaborative process itself these factors include face to face dialogue trust building and the development of commitment and shared understanding we found that a virtuous cycle of collaboration tends to develop when collaborative forums focus on small wins that deepen trust commitment and shared understanding the article concludes with a discussion of the implications of our contingency model for practitioners and for future research on collaborative governance over the last two decades a new strategy of governing called collaborative governance has developed this mode of governance brings multiple stakeholders together in common forums with public agencies to engage in consensus oriented decision making in this article we conduct a meta analytical study of the existing literature on collaborative governance with the goal of elaborating a general model of collaborative governance the ultimate goal is to develop a contingency approach to collaboration that can highlight conditions under which collaborative governance will be more or less effective as an", "title_raw": "Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice", "abstract_raw": "Over the past few decades, a new form of governance has emerged to replace adversarial and managerial modes of policy making and implementation. Collaborative governance, as it has come to be known, brings public and private stakeholders together in collective forums with public agencies to engage in consensus-oriented decision making. In this article, we conduct a meta-analytical study of the existing literature on collaborative governance with the goal of elaborating a contingency model of collaborative governance. After reviewing 137 cases of collaborative governance across a range of policy sectors, we identify critical variables that will influence whether or not this mode of governance will produce successful collaboration. These variables include the prior history of conflict or cooperation, the incentives for stakeholders to participate, power and resources imbalances, leadership, and institutional design. We also identify a series of factors that are crucial within the collaborative process itself. These factors include face-to-face dialogue, trust building, and the development of commitment and shared understanding. We found that a virtuous cycle of collaboration tends to develop when collaborative forums focus on \u2018\u2018small wins\u2019\u2019 that deepen trust, commitment, and shared understanding. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of our contingency model for practitioners and for future research on collaborative governance. Over the last two decades, a new strategy of governing called \u2018\u2018collaborative governance\u2019\u2019 has developed. This mode of governance brings multiple stakeholders together in common forums with public agencies to engage in consensus-oriented decision making. In this article, we conduct a meta-analytical study of the existing literature on collaborative governance with the goal of elaborating a general model of collaborative governance. The ultimate goal is to develop a contingency approach to collaboration that can highlight conditions under which collaborative governance will be more or less effective as an" }, { "paper": "1507516035", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2007", "title": "the weakness of russian nationalism", "label": [ "2778611045", "2777593458", "158016649", "521449643", "137403100", "158071213", "2778764708", "122972321" ], "author": [ "2682975646" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the non appearance of mass nationalist mobilisation among russians especially in the russian diaspora has played a critical role in limiting the spread of ethnic conflict in the 1990s this failure of russians to mobilise along ethno national lines forms a striking contrast with many of the stereotypes of russian nationalism advanced by western commentators the failure stems from two main factors the absence of civil and social institutions capable of acting as the basis for mass mobilisation and the fact that historically russian nationalism was subsumed by two multinational empires based not on ethnicity but on ideology russian nationalism now cannot easily be recast in ethno national terms the legacy of soviet internationalism thus continues to play a positive role in russia and among its neighbours", "title_raw": "The weakness of Russian nationalism", "abstract_raw": "The non-appearance of mass nationalist mobilisation among Russians - especially in the 'Russian diaspora' - has played a critical role in limiting the spread of ethnic conflict in the 1990s. This failure of Russians to mobilise along ethno-national lines forms a striking contrast with many of the stereotypes of Russian nationalism advanced by Western commentators. The failure stems from two main factors: the absence of civil and social institutions capable of acting as the basis for mass mobilisation; and the fact that, historically, Russian nationalism was subsumed by two multinational empires based not on ethnicity but on ideology. Russian nationalism now cannot easily be recast in ethno-national terms. The legacy of 'Soviet internationalism' thus continues to play a positive role in Russia and among its neighbours." }, { "paper": "2083828901", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2007", "title": "few women join ranks of germany s academic elite", "label": [ "2775987171", "107062074" ], "author": [ "1210273196" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Few women join ranks of Germany's academic \u00e9lite.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2001329731", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2007", "title": "the global dynamics of racial and ethnic mobilization", "label": [ "156708679", "137403100" ], "author": [ "2313038399" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Global Dynamics of Racial and Ethnic Mobilization", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1983255267", "venue": "107737141", "year": "2007", "title": "a theory of framing and opinion formation in competitive elite environments", "label": [ "39549134", "558299567", "2775987171", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2103761003", "1252368773" ], "reference": [ "15225132", "189189359", "399511836", "583714418", "607660676", "655628991", "1483478140", "1488837022", "1498135860", "1515424492", "1522967536", "1540933854", "1567906690", "1577845282", "1596357498", "1596388439", "1603542031", "1681508288", "1832238961", "1906004480", "1973082961", "1984901792", "1985579102", "1991364055", "1992370160", "1993650494", "2001442493", "2006621514", "2011744324", "2027404601", "2036523333", "2037932940", "2044637401", "2055709386", "2055957857", "2061499923", "2064601539", "2065837891", "2072643697", "2074318553", "2089175452", "2093738325", "2094925370", "2095510066", "2106874387", "2107510625", "2110464107", "2112204913", "2120300623", "2134827477", "2137467756", "2142090173", "2149248019", "2150468871", "2157979842", "2158437999", "2158480064", "2167362990", "2171616683", "2224523457", "2325691286", "2327635556", "2343466942", "2620142778", "2787069010", "2892177198", "2950774871", "2995653052", "2998728994", "3126996920", "3175406823" ], "abstract": "public opinion often depends on how elites choose to frame issues for example citizens opinions about a ku klux klan rally may depend on whether elites frame the event as a free speech issue or a public safety issue past research has focused largely on documenting the size of framing effects in uncontested settings by contrast there has been little research on framing in competitive environments in which individuals receive multiple frames representing alternative positions on an issue we take an initial step toward understanding how frames work in competitive environments by integrating research on attitude structure and persuasion our theory of framing identifies the key individual and contextual parameters that determine which of many competing frames will have an effect on public opinion", "title_raw": "A Theory of Framing and Opinion Formation in Competitive Elite Environments", "abstract_raw": "Public opinion often depends on how elites choose to frame issues. For example, citizens\u2019 opinions about a Ku Klux Klan rally may depend on whether elites frame the event as a free-speech issue or a public safety issue. Past research has focused largely on documenting the size of framing effects in uncontested settings. By contrast, there has been little research on framing in competitive environments in which individuals receive multiple frames representing alternative positions on an issue. We take an initial step toward understanding how frames work in competitive environments by integrating research on attitude structure and persuasion. Our theory of framing identifies the key individual and contextual parameters that determine which of many competing frames will have an effect on public opinion." }, { "paper": "1523148922", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2007", "title": "a grand delusion democracy and economic reform in egypt eberhard kienle london i b tauris 2001 pp 274 14 95", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2717678583" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Grand Delusion: Democracy and Economic Reform in Egypt. Eberhard Kienle. London: I.B. Tauris, 2001, pp. 274. \u00a314.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1985046013", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2007", "title": "the path to intractability time and the entrenchment of territorial disputes", "label": [ "2780486356", "2780208285", "2776424047", "167054989", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1994544434" ], "reference": [ "395186775", "405868091", "564168495", "576780616", "581496118", "581741973", "601686362", "609567784", "642950766", "645419560", "658711858", "1517091189", "1529629895", "1532281161", "1542000441", "1586329218", "1964252746", "1971412724", "1972016013", "1986406560", "1992828024", "1998672653", "1999791838", "2001283134", "2002297337", "2006263607", "2007081842", "2015147113", "2022749618", "2035866760", "2043991674", "2045204888", "2046715050", "2055637632", "2060574593", "2062055827", "2064998239", "2066245526", "2066267585", "2067813281", "2069283753", "2070509059", "2077729868", "2081808508", "2082659206", "2082990388", "2083987274", "2088762841", "2089457615", "2089611009", "2094533811", "2099935368", "2103177673", "2108898518", "2109150364", "2115611405", "2118465485", "2121393013", "2121811560", "2121951051", "2122194975", "2126348458", "2130625349", "2138211604", "2143546311", "2143696568", "2147641995", "2162729075", "2169253049", "2259409140", "2312538114", "2313754824", "2313785849", "2313786161", "2321906466", "2334882723", "2554852280", "2585840728", "2798700710", "2947756710", "3005509091", "3127027098", "3146912756", "3203785164" ], "abstract": "why do territorial disputes become more difficult to resolve over time why are states often unable to resolve long standing territorial disputes over land that is of little strategic or economic value one explanation for territorial dispute entrenchment draws on changes in dispute perception specifically as territorial disputes mature they undergo processes that increase the integrity of the disputed territory clarify the definition of the territory s boundaries and make it more difficult to find substitutes for the territory territorial dispute resolution is both stochastic and exogenous to the entrenchment process and thus impossible to predict it is possible however to forecast ex ante the degree to which young territorial disputes are likely to resist resolution efforts in the future based on two variables perceptions of a territory s integrity boundaries and value at the outset of the dispute and physical constraints on expansion and settlement into the territory", "title_raw": "The Path to Intractability: Time and the Entrenchment of Territorial Disputes", "abstract_raw": "Why do territorial disputes become more difficult to resolve over time? Why are states often unable to resolve long-standing territorial disputes over land that is of little strategic or economic value? One explanation for territorial dispute entrenchment draws on changes in dispute perception. Specifically, as territorial disputes mature they undergo processes that increase the integrity of the disputed territory, clarify the definition of the territory's boundaries, and make it more difficult to find substitutes for the territory. Territorial dispute resolution is both stochastic and exogenous to the entrenchment process and thus impossible to predict. It is possible, however, to forecast ex ante the degree to which young territorial disputes are likely to resist resolution efforts in the future based on two variables: perceptions of a territory's integrity, boundaries, and value at the outset of the dispute, and physical constraints on expansion and settlement into the territory." }, { "paper": "2085579107", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2007", "title": "organizing for governance building collaboration in brazilian river basins", "label": [ "23592801", "3116431", "151915780", "136810230", "123108692", "201305675" ], "author": [ "682022958" ], "reference": [ "93653653", "654536628", "1493688080", "1541264230", "1547885495", "1563232226", "1587796534", "1971331515", "1980067160", "1988345431", "1998789259", "2000194833", "2005068826", "2006413843", "2009146964", "2009259794", "2017560811", "2018378619", "2037211183", "2038631063", "2051909842", "2054490598", "2054669806", "2057393635", "2064907434", "2068968117", "2070283890", "2078084396", "2079909556", "2082808961", "2083399686", "2094213260", "2097201195", "2118154389", "2120946983", "2147264455", "2150435972", "2175723801", "2316354684", "2331896671", "2501494830", "2565280328", "2756330794", "2907515539", "3123841976" ], "abstract": "summary this article uses social movement theory to explore how decentralized stakeholder governance can be fostered at the river basin level in contexts where local actors lack incentives to participate based on two brazilian river basins where efforts to promote collaboration among state civic and private organizations were successful it emphasizes the importance of building collective identities revolving around river basin issues and groups it shows how leadership and initial collaborative practices help build such identities through reframing ideas about problems and solutions and through building basinwide networks trust among stakeholders and social and political recognition", "title_raw": "Organizing for Governance: Building Collaboration in Brazilian River Basins", "abstract_raw": "Summary This article uses social movement theory to explore how decentralized stakeholder governance can be fostered at the river basin level in contexts where local actors lack incentives to participate. Based on two Brazilian river basins where efforts to promote collaboration among state, civic and private organizations were successful, it emphasizes the importance of building collective identities revolving around river basin issues and groups. It shows how leadership and initial collaborative practices help build such identities, through reframing ideas about problems and solutions and through building basinwide networks, trust among stakeholders and social and political recognition." }, { "paper": "2572990814", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2007", "title": "product review the social roots of basque nationalism", "label": [ "2777364442" ], "author": [ "2096831952" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Product Review: The Social Roots of Basque Nationalism:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2137052367", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2007", "title": "a synopsis of land use land use change and forestry lulucf under the kyoto protocol and marrakech accords", "label": [ "199776023" ], "author": [ "310848730", "2062879199", "2420400779", "2424142437", "2096551363", "2680589630", "2011643581", "2766453632", "2058448813", "2169027514", "2555388914", "2045797803", "184248168", "2765132355", "2158422895", "2765520226", "2238517358", "298575499", "3025654432", "2065935200", "826554470", "2660835267", "1741048332", "2765296211", "1212697790", "2603694568", "2742788494", "2165589641", "1976040817", "2082476267", "2144380480", "1775188455", "2987268031", "2767042435", "2149454497" ], "reference": [ "90131705", "141236769", "1520673459", "1547717305", "1608747627", "2030302743", "2044933810", "2089507554", "2110222996", "2110593346", "2114664102", "2136235941", "2140333357", "2160252043", "2272908325", "2801846683", "2885280795" ], "abstract": "the complexities inherent in land use land use change and forestry lulucf activities have led to contentious and prolonged debates about the merits of their inclusion in the 2008 2012 first commitment period of the kyoto protocol yet the inclusion of these activities played a key role in agreement on the general framework of the kyoto protocol and lulucf will likely continue to play a substantial part in negotiations on national commitments post 2012 the marrakech accords dictate which lulucf activities are to be included under the kyoto protocol and provide rules on how they are to be accounted in the first commitment period however these rules have limitations and drawbacks that may be avoided in the structure of future commitments beyond 2012 through adherence to the objectives of the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc and the incorporation of several critical features a future framework can more effectively address the mitigation challenges and opportunities of this sector", "title_raw": "A synopsis of land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) under the Kyoto Protocol and Marrakech Accords", "abstract_raw": "The complexities inherent in land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities have led to contentious and prolonged debates about the merits of their inclusion in the 2008\u20132012 first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. Yet the inclusion of these activities played a key role in agreement on the general framework of the Kyoto Protocol, and LULUCF will likely continue to play a substantial part in negotiations on national commitments post-2012. The Marrakech Accords dictate which LULUCF activities are to be included under the Kyoto Protocol and provide rules on how they are to be accounted in the first commitment period. However, these rules have limitations and drawbacks that may be avoided in the structure of future commitments beyond 2012. Through adherence to the objectives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the incorporation of several critical features, a future framework can more effectively address the mitigation challenges and opportunities of this sector." }, { "paper": "2005616341", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2007", "title": "the responsive legislature public opinion and law making in a highly disciplined legislature", "label": [ "197487636", "2778521920", "100505606", "134698397", "199539241", "3116431", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2170095569" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article analyses how institutional and contextual factors explain the approval of presidential initiatives presidential legislative success in highly disciplined and cartelized assemblies of particular importance is to test whether public opinion the electoral cycle and the use of different institutional rules affect the approval of presidential initiatives in congress using a multilevel bayesian model of legislative success i model bill approval rates at individual and aggregate levels this strategy is extremely flexible allowing us to disentangle the different institutional and contextual factors that determine the approval of presidential initiatives in the argentine congress", "title_raw": "The Responsive Legislature: Public Opinion and Law Making in a Highly Disciplined Legislature", "abstract_raw": "This article analyses how institutional and contextual factors explain the approval of presidential initiatives \u2013 presidential legislative success \u2013 in highly disciplined and cartelized assemblies. Of particular importance is to test whether public opinion, the electoral cycle and the use of different institutional rules affect the approval of presidential initiatives in Congress. Using a multilevel Bayesian model of legislative success, I model bill approval rates at individual and aggregate levels. This strategy is extremely flexible, allowing us to disentangle the different institutional and contextual factors that determine the approval of presidential initiatives in the Argentine Congress." }, { "paper": "1894718218", "venue": "107737141", "year": "2007", "title": "direct and differential effects of the internet on political and civic engagement", "label": [ "2776431611", "94625758", "2778521920", "39549134" ], "author": [ "1778916541", "2262410314" ], "reference": [ "577253879", "1509601332", "1528407590", "1558298601", "1967676842", "1977037734", "1977825494", "1980870489", "1995497154", "2008676006", "2009134135", "2018676723", "2020427224", "2029493508", "2030398623", "2031340404", "2035625541", "2043270718", "2059182604", "2064612354", "2068262582", "2078850517", "2084529858", "2094419105", "2099304543", "2100347631", "2108371132", "2116339812", "2126041724", "2145291644", "2152839445", "2154391553", "2170413076", "2170484297", "2172073129", "2337319726", "2588385711", "2797247465", "2915789494" ], "abstract": "given the significant rise in the number of americans who turn to the internet for political information we examine the effects of these behaviors on political and civic engagement in an evolving media landscape specifically we test hypotheses derived from competing models the instrumental approach which posits direct effects of internet use and a psychological approach which predicts contingent effects analyses of the 2004 american national election studies n 1 212 reveal a pattern of direct effects of internet use on basic information acquisition and use but contingent effects for concrete acts of civic or political engagement these results provide an important window on the political impacts of contemporary internet use and suggest that future reassessments of the internet s role in public life should continue to probe for direct as well as differential effects", "title_raw": "Direct and Differential Effects of the Internet on Political and Civic Engagement", "abstract_raw": "Given the significant rise in the number of Americans who turn to the Internet for political information, we examine the effects of these behaviors on political and civic engagement in an evolving media landscape. Specifically, we test hypotheses derived from competing models\u2014the instrumental approach, which posits direct effects of Internet use and a psychological approach, which predicts contingent effects. Analyses of the 2004 American National Election Studies (N= 1,212) reveal a pattern of direct effects of Internet use on basic information acquisition and use but contingent effects for concrete acts of civic or political engagement. These results provide an important window on the political impacts of contemporary Internet use and suggest that future reassessments of the Internet\u2019s role in public life should continue to probe for direct as well as differential effects." }, { "paper": "2062581148", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2007", "title": "the foreign policy disconnect what americans want from our leaders but don t getby benjamin i page and marshall m bouton", "label": [ "93377909" ], "author": [ "1973232985" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Foreign Policy Disconnect: What Americans Want from Our Leaders but Don't Getby Benjamin I. Page and Marshall M. Bouton", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2151500525", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2007", "title": "the chicago school that never was", "label": [ "2777874013", "134698397", "197487636", "2779636406", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2342744431" ], "reference": [ "75255708", "597514586", "611759249", "626595614", "1549112112", "1604023241", "1972961380", "2004597063", "2006202475", "2007936155", "2013342800", "2038457299", "2062861797", "2070732219", "2077484407", "2082277530", "2095107643", "2107111068", "2121351954", "2127631740", "2138223414", "2145769555", "2158501370", "2158745202", "2159928984", "2315766228", "2322022102", "2326300361", "2326358733", "2333624274", "2333703293", "2334874373", "2342894228", "2501770781", "2798080907", "2798441979" ], "abstract": "a central problem in the development of political science has long been how to emulate the objectivity and rigor of natural science while simultaneously retaining relevance for conducting public affairs for some observers however the very notion of a natural scientific orien tation to the study of politics is antitheti cal to its relevance to practical politics woodrow wilson 1911 10 struck at the heart of the matter when he proclaimed that i do not like the term political sci ence in his 1910 apsa presidential ad dress human relationships are not in any proper sense the subject matter of science they are the stuff of insight and sympathy and spiritual comprehension 10 1 see also ubertaccio and cook 2006 in contrast to wilson s perspective the members of the chicago school of political science which arose at the university of chicago in the 1920s and 1930s envisioned the model of natural science as integral to a political science for practical use almond 2004 heaney and hansen 2006 karl 1974 monroe 2004 neblo 2004 ross 1991 simon 1985 somit and tanenhaus 1967 tsou 1951 white 1942 the faculty of the chicago school most notably charles e merriam leonard d white harold f gosnell and harold d lasswell were among the first political scientists to con duct randomized field experiments to employ advanced statistical techniques such as multivariate regression and factor analysis and to combine qualitative methods like ethnography and content analysis with statistical methods e g gosnell 1927 lasswell 1927 white 1929 they relied on these advances to make seminal contributions to the study of elections public opinion propaganda political psychology political parties urban politics african american politics public administration comparative poli tics and the causes of war an un resolved question for the chicago school however was how political sci ence as a discipline could regularly translate these scientific results into a", "title_raw": "The Chicago School that never was", "abstract_raw": "A central problem in the development of political science has long been how to emulate the objectivity and rigor of natural science while simultaneously retaining relevance for conducting public affairs. For some observers, however, the very notion of a natural-scientific orien tation to the study of politics is antitheti cal to its relevance to practical politics. Woodrow Wilson (1911, 10) struck at the heart of the matter when he proclaimed that \"I do not like the term political sci ence\" in his 1910 APSA Presidential Ad dress. \"Human relationships ... are not in any proper sense the subject matter of science. They are the stuff of insight and sympathy and spiritual comprehension\" (10-1; see also Ubertaccio and Cook 2006). In contrast to Wilson's perspective, the members of the Chicago School of Political Science-which arose at the University of Chicago in the 1920s and 1930s-envisioned the model of natural science as integral to a political science for practical use (Almond 2004; Heaney and Hansen 2006; Karl 1974; Monroe 2004; Neblo 2004; Ross 1991; Simon 1985; Somit and Tanenhaus 1967; Tsou 1951; White 1942). The faculty of the Chicago School-most notably Charles E. Merriam, Leonard D. White, Harold F. Gosnell, and Harold D. Lasswell-were among the first political scientists to con duct randomized field experiments, to employ advanced statistical techniques such as multivariate regression and factor analysis, and to combine qualitative methods (like ethnography and content analysis) with statistical methods (e.g., Gosnell 1927; Lasswell 1927; White 1929). They relied on these advances to make seminal contributions to the study of elections, public opinion, propaganda, political psychology, political parties, urban politics, African-American politics, public administration, comparative poli tics, and the causes of war. An un resolved question for the Chicago School, however, was how political sci ence as a discipline could regularly translate these scientific results into a" }, { "paper": "2379813719", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2007", "title": "the scientific research prospect of universities in post academic science times", "label": [ "2780080154", "2780224610" ], "author": [ "2676162877" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in post academic science times the scientific research prospect of universities takes on a new look first a tight combination between research team and research project is achieved as the team becomes the research subject of scientific project which basically is the carrier of scientific resources second scientists pursue scientific credibility and materi alize it through accumulation and circulation so as to maintain their scientific cause third rd catches on and becomes the most important framework for science and technology in novation in universities", "title_raw": "The scientific research prospect of universities in post-academic science times", "abstract_raw": "In post-academic science times,the scientific research prospect of universities takes on a new look.First,a tight combination between research team and research project is achieved as the team becomes the research subject of scientific project which,basically,is the carrier of scientific resources.Second,scientists pursue scientific credibility and materi- alize it through accumulation and circulation so as to maintain their scientific cause.Third, RD catches on and becomes the most important framework for science and technology in- novation in universities." }, { "paper": "2127344150", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2007", "title": "drawing politics in pink and blue", "label": [ "158071213", "119513131", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2100763152" ], "reference": [ "49465163", "596346353", "624573546", "644098488", "1485972837", "1488205803", "1544969280", "1575428415", "1765179399", "1913918090", "1953328193", "1989400083", "2050916831", "2072736376", "2168281182", "2971242817" ], "abstract": "assessing the current condition of editorial cartooning invites engagement in a number of potential perspectives cartoons may be positioned as journalism artistic expression entertaining satire and political and historical record a rhetorical perspective examines cartoons as expressions of political discourse positioned within the wider culture that defines constructs and frames larger social ideologies as a backdrop to events of the day cartoonists accomplish this task not only by devising explicit messages about their subjects but in the implicit expression of societal norms and values in the conceptual lenses and commonplaces they employ this essay considers the conceptual lens of gender as it has been used by cartoonists in recent years to frame politicians and the implications of that framing", "title_raw": "Drawing Politics in Pink and Blue", "abstract_raw": "Assessing the current condition of editorial cartooning invites engagement in a number of potential perspectives: Cartoons may be positioned as journalism, artistic expression, entertaining satire, and political and historical record. A rhetorical perspective examines cartoons as expressions of political discourse positioned within the wider culture that defines, constructs, and frames larger social ideologies as a backdrop to events of the day. Cartoonists accomplish this task not only by devising explicit messages about their subjects, but in the implicit expression of societal norms and values in the conceptual lenses and commonplaces they employ. This essay considers the conceptual lens of gender as it has been used by cartoonists in recent years to frame politicians, and the implications of that framing." }, { "paper": "2018944106", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2007", "title": "book review nakash y 2006 reaching for power the shi a in the modern arab world princeton nj princeton university press", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "700568358" ], "reference": [ "47549741", "647465504" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Nakash, Y. (2006). Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2087610333", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2007", "title": "political will a bridge between public health knowledge and action", "label": [ "203566152", "109986646", "94625758", "39549134" ], "author": [ "1910465082", "2723550772" ], "reference": [ "74858818", "1525130024", "1935728250", "1975581426", "1975753649", "2065015316", "2106009140", "2108980585", "2109533088", "2111934533", "2123370343", "2138463569", "2152647872", "2154960477", "2156151681", "2399214082", "2415874248", "2778645952" ], "abstract": "we propose a new model of the public health policy cycle the bridges from knowledge to action model many prevention initiatives require policy change to achieve broad implementation political will society s commitment to support or alter prevention initiatives is essential for securing the resources for policy change we focus on the role of political will in developing and implementing public health policy that integrates scientific evidence and community participation", "title_raw": "Political Will: A Bridge Between Public Health Knowledge and Action", "abstract_raw": "We propose a new model of the public health policy cycle: the Bridges From Knowledge to Action model. Many prevention initiatives require policy change to achieve broad implementation. Political will, society\u2019s commitment to support or alter prevention initiatives, is essential for securing the resources for policy change. We focus on the role of political will in developing and implementing public health policy that integrates scientific evidence and community participation." }, { "paper": "3122481244", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2007", "title": "international law and constitutional interpretation the commander in chief clause reconsidered", "label": [ "55447825", "2776217807", "126053111", "2781046721", "2776154427", "2779921323", "93377909", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2628249977" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the commander in chief clause is a difficult underexplored area of constitutional interpretation it is also a context in which international law is often mentioned but not fully defended as a possible method of interpreting the constitution this article analyzes why the commander in chief clause is difficult and argues that international law helps resolve some of the problems that the clause presents because of weaknesses in originalist analysis changes over time and lack of judicial competence in military matters the court and commentators have relied on second order interpretive norms like congressional authorization and executive branch practice in interpreting the war and foreign affairs powers of the president international law can itself function as a second order interpretive norm in many ways similar to other forms of congressional authorization or executive branch practice but because it is mediated in unique ways by other countries and within our own domestic political system international law is an especially compelling way to resolve problems with judicial competence and changes over time international law also makes a powerful contribution to an originalist understanding of the commander in chief clause the constitution explicitly vested control over war related questions of international law with congress not the president", "title_raw": "International Law and Constitutional Interpretation: The Commander in Chief Clause Reconsidered", "abstract_raw": "The Commander in Chief Clause is a difficult, underexplored area of constitutional interpretation. It is also a context in which international law is often mentioned, but not fully defended, as a possible method of interpreting the Constitution. This Article analyzes why the Commander in Chief Clause is difficult and argues that international law helps resolve some of the problems that the Clause presents. Because of weaknesses in originalist analysis, changes over time, and lack of judicial competence in military matters, the Court and commentators have relied on second-order interpretive norms like congressional authorization and executive branch practice in interpreting the war and foreign affairs powers of the President. International law can itself function as a second-order interpretive norm, in many ways similar to other forms of congressional authorization or executive branch practice. But because it is mediated in unique ways by other countries and within our own domestic political system international law is an especially compelling way to resolve problems with judicial competence and changes over time. International law also makes a powerful contribution to an originalist understanding of the Commander in Chief Clause: the Constitution explicitly vested control over war-related questions of international law with Congress, not the President." }, { "paper": "1585121757", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2007", "title": "governance and poverty reduction in africa", "label": [ "2776398702", "189326681", "94625758", "178377140", "87616379", "109986646" ], "author": [ "2569826109" ], "reference": [ "1528566708", "1538009605", "1591169241", "1967654433", "1973997362", "1981952820", "1989910668", "2005362137", "2046407579", "2080532403", "2086811403", "2099091587", "2101345083", "2102665529", "2113909820", "2125353502", "2129986914", "2135285936", "2147574293", "2154820854", "2312487777", "3035909662", "3122287281", "3124479598" ], "abstract": "a careful review of the literature in political science and neighboring social science disciplines shows that prevailing assumptions in the international development policy community about improved governance as a principal mechanism to reduce poverty in africa rests more on faith than science conventional policy models for tackling poverty fail to take into account the peculiar socioeconomic and political conditions in africa where the vast majority of those living on one dollar a day or less are only marginally captured by market and state institutions and instead rely on solving their problems outside the system poverty reduction through formal institutions therefore becomes ineffective although political science and other neighboring social science disciplines offer insights into these peculiarities these contributions have been largely ignored to date one reason is that economists continue to dominate the international development policy agenda another is that political scientists have typically looked at how economic variables shape political ones rather than the other way around as implied in the current governance agenda governance remains an undertheorized area of research held back by two chasms one between economists and other social scientists and another between the scientific and the policy communities to the detriment of gaining a better understanding of how it may help reduce poverty in africa", "title_raw": "Governance and poverty reduction in Africa.", "abstract_raw": "A careful review of the literature in political science and neighboring social science disciplines shows that prevailing assumptions in the international development policy community about improved governance as a principal mechanism to reduce poverty in Africa rests more on faith than science. Conventional policy models for tackling poverty fail to take into account the peculiar socioeconomic and political conditions in Africa, where the vast majority of those living on one dollar a day or less are only marginally captured by market and state institutions and instead rely on solving their problems \u201coutside the system.\u201d Poverty reduction through formal institutions therefore becomes ineffective. Although political science and other neighboring social science disciplines offer insights into these peculiarities, these contributions have been largely ignored to date. One reason is that economists continue to dominate the international development policy agenda. Another is that political scientists have typically looked at how economic variables shape political ones, rather than the other way around, as implied in the current governance agenda. Governance remains an undertheorized area of research held back by two chasms, one between economists and other social scientists and another between the scientific and the policy communities, to the detriment of gaining a better understanding of how it may help reduce poverty in Africa." }, { "paper": "2117460869", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2007", "title": "commentary on transforming family law in post deng china", "label": [ "169437150", "513891491", "2781202252", "94625758", "2776847301", "131932780", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2230260814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "michael palmer s article examines the development of three important aspects in chinese family law divorce adoption and family planning it is a commendable effort to approach chinese family law broadly in order to bring family planning policy within its study there remains a glaring gap in chinese legal scholarship between the study of family law and the study of population the disciplines are divided into two camps with little cross fertilization palmer s article clearly demonstrates the importance and necessity of including family planning within the study of family law the article is also a laudable attempt to examine the dynamic interaction between family law and socioeconomic changes chinese legal reform largely follows a liberal paradigm the ultimate goal of the reform is to separate the chinese communist party from the state and to limit the role of the state in economy and the society viewed historically the chinese state is contracting while the private economy is expanding in size and importance and civil society is emerging and becoming more autonomous in a sense chinese legal reform is to institutionalize the circumscribed state notwithstanding fluctuations the overall result of reform in the past 30 years has been an increasingly limited and accountable government and a growing importance in market society and individual autonomy as evidenced by a number of constitutional amendments entrenching the rule of law and the protection of human rights in a society where hayek is replacing marx as the most influential writer the state is now viewed with great suspicion especially in matters relating to family life if government is regarded as a hurdle on the road to freedom then its role has to be limited and controlled palmer studies the development of chinese family law in this particular political context in the area of family life in particular the reform has been to rid the party state from the bedroom family law in communist china in general and the 2001 marriage law amendment in particular are liberal and progressive in enlarging individual autonomy in protecting gender equality and in creating a realm which is relatively free of government interference the 2001 marriage law amendment for example simplifies the procedures for marriage and places effective limits on judicial discretion in granting or refusing to grant a divorce the subsequent administrative rules enlarge individual freedom in matters relating to marriage and divorce there is now much less political and institutional intervention in this particular realm increasingly the law recognizes and treats marriage and divorce as private matters people recognize and fully exercise these rights as shown by the surge in the divorce rate in china", "title_raw": "Commentary on \u201cTransforming Family Law in Post-Deng China\u201d", "abstract_raw": "Michael Palmer's article examines the development of three important aspects in Chinese family law: divorce, adoption and family planning. It is a commendable effort to approach Chinese family law broadly in order to bring family planning policy within its study. There remains a glaring gap in Chinese legal scholarship between the study of family law and the study of population. The disciplines are divided into two camps with little cross-fertilization. Palmer's article clearly demonstrates the importance and necessity of including family planning within the study of family law. The article is also a laudable attempt to examine the dynamic interaction between family law and socioeconomic changes. Chinese legal reform largely follows a liberal paradigm. The ultimate goal of the reform is to separate the Chinese Communist Party from the state and to limit the role of the state in economy and the society. Viewed historically, the Chinese state is contracting while the private economy is expanding in size and importance, and civil society is emerging and becoming more autonomous. In a sense, Chinese legal reform is to institutionalize the circumscribed state. Notwithstanding fluctuations, the overall result of reform in the past 30 years has been an increasingly limited and accountable government and a growing importance in market, society and individual autonomy, as evidenced by a number of constitutional amendments entrenching the rule of law and the protection of human rights. In a society where Hayek is replacing Marx as the most influential writer, the state is now viewed with great suspicion, especially in matters relating to family life. If government is regarded as a hurdle on the road to freedom, then its role has to be limited and controlled. Palmer studies the development of Chinese family law in this particular political context. In the area of family life in particular, the reform has been to rid the party state from the bedroom. Family law in Communist China in general and the 2001 Marriage Law amendment in particular are liberal and progressive in enlarging individual autonomy, in protecting gender equality and in creating a realm which is relatively free of government interference. The 2001 Marriage Law amendment, for example, simplifies the procedures for marriage, and places effective limits on judicial discretion in granting or refusing to grant a divorce. The subsequent administrative rules enlarge individual freedom in matters relating to marriage and divorce. There is now much less political and institutional intervention in this particular realm. Increasingly, the law recognizes and treats marriage and divorce as private matters. People recognize and fully exercise these rights, as shown by the surge in the divorce rate in China." }, { "paper": "2764801243", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2007", "title": "globalization from below transnational activists and protest networks and it was like a fever storytelling in protest and politics", "label": [ "2119116", "94625758", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2765029230" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "globalization from below transnational activists and protest networks by donatella della porta massimiliano andretta lorenzo mosca and herbert reiter minneapolis university of minnesota press 2006 300p 75 00 cloth 25 00 paper it was like a fever storytelling in protest and politics by francesca polletta chicago university of chicago press 2006 242p 45 00 cloth 19 00 paper while different in scope and intent both books offer a refreshing and uplifting sense of the capacity and willingness of people to protest conditions in society or the world which they deem unjust the authors may not have set out to highlight idealism in political activism but they ended up doing so", "title_raw": "Globalization from Below: Transnational Activists and Protest Networks and It Was Like a Fever: Storytelling in Protest and Politics", "abstract_raw": "Globalization from Below: Transnational Activists and Protest Networks. By Donatella della Porta, Massimiliano Andretta, Lorenzo Mosca, and Herbert Reiter. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006. 300p. $75.00 cloth, $25.00 paper. It Was Like a Fever: Storytelling in Protest and Politics. By Francesca Polletta. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. 242p. $45.00 cloth, $19.00 paper. While different in scope and intent, both books offer a refreshing and uplifting sense of the capacity and willingness of people to protest conditions in society, or the world, which they deem unjust. The authors may not have set out to highlight idealism in political activism, but they ended up doing so." }, { "paper": "2084471547", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2007", "title": "beyond anti terrorism metaphors as message strategy of post september 11 u s public diplomacy", "label": [ "2779714988", "199539241", "555826173", "2780429452", "158071213", "201305675", "149775602", "528167355" ], "author": [ "2121122359" ], "reference": [ "1512821824", "1579204724", "1607422089", "1986779949", "1998730060", "2007700462", "2014324226", "2030374108", "2064659551", "2088321315", "2567814103", "2592607561", "2801051990" ], "abstract": "this research analyzed the major metaphors the u s government created to define the post september 11 world realities including second front axis of evil old europe responsible stakeholder and color revolution the metaphors are found to be rhetorically advocating and share the archetypal metaphor of democracy vs tyranny and freedom vs oppression the metaphors had their origins in the u s national security strategies and the images they created highlighted aspects of the moral and ideological considerations but hide certain aspects of the realpolitik motivations", "title_raw": "Beyond anti-terrorism: Metaphors as message strategy of post-September-11 U.S. public diplomacy", "abstract_raw": "This research analyzed the major metaphors the U.S. government created to define the post-September-11 world realities, including \u201cSecond Front,\u201d \u201cAxis of Evil,\u201d \u201cOld Europe,\u201d \u201cResponsible Stakeholder,\u201d and \u201cColor Revolution.\u201d The metaphors are found to be rhetorically advocating and share the archetypal metaphor of \u201cdemocracy vs. tyranny\u201d and \u201cfreedom vs. oppression.\u201d The metaphors had their origins in the U.S. national security strategies, and the images they created highlighted aspects of the moral and ideological considerations but hide certain aspects of the realpolitik motivations." }, { "paper": "2092189185", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2007", "title": "health as an instrument of foreign policy", "label": [ "44394981", "203566152", "188888794", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2103291230" ], "reference": [ "1970920514", "1999474800", "2147154736", "2158685895", "2269209497", "2887951953" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Health as an instrument of foreign policy.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2098160745", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2007", "title": "the political economy of terrorism", "label": [ "31168002", "203133693", "81307892", "538383745" ], "author": [ "2986280757" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the political economy of terrorism by walter enders and todd sandler new york cambridge university press 2006 292p 65 00 cloth 23 99 paper the study of terrorism has come a long way since the pioneering research in the late 1960s and early 1970s the events of 9 11 have greatly accelerated the proliferation of books and articles on a topic that is now of major academic and policy concern throughout the development of research there has been a growing attempt to apply empirical and methodological approaches to understanding the causes dynamics and outcomes of terrorism walter enders and todd sandler have been at the forefront of this work and their book the political economy of terrorism is a fine illustration of their continuing research agenda", "title_raw": "The Political Economy of Terrorism", "abstract_raw": "The Political Economy of Terrorism. By Walter Enders and Todd Sandler. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 292p. $65.00 cloth, $23.99 paper.The study of terrorism has come a long way since the pioneering research in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The events of 9/11 have greatly accelerated the proliferation of books and articles on a topic that is now of major academic and policy concern. Throughout the development of research, there has been a growing attempt to apply empirical and methodological approaches to understanding the causes, dynamics, and outcomes of terrorism. Walter Enders and Todd Sandler have been at the forefront of this work, and their book, The Political Economy of Terrorism, is a fine illustration of their continuing research agenda." }, { "paper": "1964706667", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2007", "title": "reminding scientists of their civic duties", "label": [ "199539241", "79615585", "2909601518", "165205368" ], "author": [ "2139523899" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the very wise former congressman sherwood boehlert of the house science committee said if scientists are going to be more effective participants in the policy arena they have to learn more about the policy work s t forum states industry play key role in u s innovation drive aaas news and notes 25 may p 1140 1 for over 40 years i have been urging the scientific societies like aaas american chemical society american physical society and materials research society to which i belong to stop merely again and again berating the public s scientific illiteracy and turn all that energy to fixing the unbelievable policy illiteracy of scientists for years i have tested this in talks at largish audiences in society meetings over 90 typically admitted to not being able to name their two senators and congressperson very very few recognized what the house science committee was or did physician or physicist chemist biologist heal thyself a regular clever quarter page lesson on contemporary civics in science might be a start and a recurring reminder of scientists responsibilities as citizens 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 316 5828 1140", "title_raw": "Reminding scientists of their civic duties.", "abstract_raw": "The very wise former Congressman Sherwood Boehlert of the House Science Committee said, \u201cIf scientists are going to be more effective participants in the policy arena, they have to \u2026 learn more about the policy work\u201d (\u201cS&T Forum: States, industry play key role in U.S. innovation drive,\u201d AAAS News and Notes, 25 May, p. [1140][1]). For over 40 years, I have been urging the scientific societies (like AAAS, American Chemical Society, American Physical Society, and Materials Research Society, to which I belong) to stop merely, again and again, berating the public's \u201cscientific illiteracy\u201d and turn all that energy to fixing the unbelievable policy illiteracy of scientists. For years I have tested this, in talks at largish audiences in society meetings. Over 90% typically admitted to not being able to name their two senators and congressperson. Very, very few recognized what the \u201cHouse Science Committee\u201d was or did.\n\n\u201cPhysician (or physicist, chemist, biologist), heal thyself!\u201d A regular clever quarter-page lesson on contemporary \u201ccivics\u201d in Science might be a start and a recurring reminder of scientists' responsibilities as citizens.\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.316.5828.1140" }, { "paper": "2015142790", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2007", "title": "competing for consultation civil society and conflict between the european commission and the european parliament", "label": [ "199539241", "3116431", "2779010840", "513891491", "2781440851", "2776034101" ], "author": [ "199824646" ], "reference": [ "1509637832", "1586274070", "1993622672", "2002316709", "2011707400", "2017733056", "2019714416", "2029344308", "2037710531", "2058896402", "2065323885", "2068155429", "2127102140", "2138595148", "2150865741", "2164996038", "2292751778", "2317670828", "2500582647", "2506960035", "2528954092", "2786436709", "3022491623", "3148507870" ], "abstract": "this article investigates how informal rules in the european union change in the periods between formal treaty revisions on the basis of a case study on the white paper on governance presented by the european commission in july 2001 it shows how institutional change is driven by conflict between the commission and the european parliament the conflict concerns the development of informal rules to structure the interaction of the commission and the parliament with europe s civil society the interaction with civil society organisations is very important for the eu bodies because it allows them to acquire resources that are indispensable in order to fulfil and expand their organisational role an additional aim of this article is to examine how these institutional developments might influence the long term development of formal treaty rules", "title_raw": "Competing for consultation: Civil society and conflict between the European Commission and the European Parliament", "abstract_raw": "This article investigates how informal rules in the European Union change in the periods between formal treaty revisions. On the basis of a case study on the White Paper on Governance presented by the European Commission in July 2001, it shows how institutional change is driven by conflict between the Commission and the European Parliament. The conflict concerns the development of informal rules to structure the interaction of the Commission and the Parliament with Europe's civil society. The interaction with civil society organisations is very important for the EU bodies because it allows them to acquire resources that are indispensable in order to fulfil and expand their organisational role. An additional aim of this article is to examine how these institutional developments might influence the long-term development of formal treaty rules." }, { "paper": "2053103790", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2007", "title": "twenty years on the state of contemporary ecotourism research", "label": [ "2776398702", "18918823", "164749845", "151807755" ], "author": [ "2265346428", "2096911053" ], "reference": [ "3581626", "23027463", "23671589", "48495340", "111114487", "168337305", "190449085", "205519654", "228218169", "241709785", "264288621", "276677678", "300380928", "304424633", "639080117", "767533729", "1444041965", "1447389725", "1489827403", "1490973172", "1512634991", "1560653111", "1564367552", "1565881882", "1572681000", "1575497241", "1578186950", "1592831108", "1599205448", "1674171444", "1837049046", "1963855370", "1966978797", "1967715268", "1967820593", "1974106149", "1975421396", "1978261062", "1980029492", "1980843037", "1981606030", "1983631848", "1988305809", "1990512063", "1991628036", "1993397223", "2002807233", "2004030765", "2004523566", "2005044681", "2007416478", "2011120577", "2012286085", "2013842484", "2016024848", "2016060658", "2017812289", "2018728439", "2020086020", "2020714309", "2022407666", "2023579572", "2025700780", "2026026684", "2026466077", "2028586146", "2028826380", "2029135596", "2029332059", "2029348412", "2029519297", "2030535273", "2030869961", "2034364282", "2038421242", "2043441268", "2044300226", "2046392003", "2046949723", "2047362968", "2047497459", "2047568244", "2048231357", "2051982039", "2054210220", "2054772435", "2056484575", "2056641667", "2057075214", "2059515753", "2062088070", "2062619371", "2063223844", "2064660615", "2068556023", "2068675915", "2070550345", "2071345880", "2072715540", "2073129964", "2073419571", "2073702310", "2074351345", "2075450642", "2076128974", "2076501867", "2076520461", "2077063537", "2077550024", "2078014847", "2082250100", "2083378687", "2084251345", "2084894969", "2088228579", "2089846035", "2090052783", "2092102332", "2093977491", "2099405425", "2103386709", "2104052922", "2105897864", "2111112571", "2114292528", "2114333990", "2123164767", "2124987503", "2125434602", "2132560106", "2134693475", "2136337247", "2138623447", "2141184657", "2145274359", "2145837502", "2149833346", "2156159255", "2160214520", "2161135918", "2163052896", "2163846837", "2167780214", "2169607877", "2171932231", "2235182597", "2267874384", "2361920890", "3137818975", "3142852853", "3148189446", "3157833780" ], "abstract": "the ecotourism literature is focused on market segmentation ecological impacts of wildlife viewing and community based ecotourism but there has been minimal attention to critical areas such as quality control the industry external environments or institutions even as the components and parameters of ecotourism are being extended this imbalance combined with the fragmentation and lack of integration within the literature suggest that ecotourism as a field of academic inquiry is still in a state of adolescence", "title_raw": "Twenty years on: The state of contemporary ecotourism research", "abstract_raw": "The ecotourism literature is focused on market segmentation, ecological impacts of wildlife viewing, and community-based ecotourism, but there has been minimal attention to critical areas such as quality control, the industry, external environments or institutions even as the components and parameters of ecotourism are being extended. This imbalance, combined with the fragmentation and lack of integration within the literature, suggest that ecotourism, as a field of academic inquiry, is still in a state of adolescence." }, { "paper": "2578043873", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2007", "title": "product review political movements and violence in central americapolitical movements and violence in central america by brockettcharles d cambridge uk cambridge university press 2005 380 pp 75 00 cloth isbn 052184083x", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2180333305" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Product Review: Political Movements and Violence in Central AmericaPolitical Movements and Violence in Central America, by BrockettCharles D.. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 380 pp. $75.00 cloth. ISBN: 052184083X.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2031068114", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2007", "title": "contesting the saudi state islamic voices from a new generationby madawi al rasheed", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2112960306" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Contesting the Saudi State: Islamic Voices from a New Generationby Madawi al-Rasheed", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2009876001", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2007", "title": "the austrian presidency pragmatic management", "label": [ "2781440851", "46355384", "2779010840", "3116431", "94625758", "2776713681", "2781243023" ], "author": [ "2143986591", "3037282776" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "when austria took over the council presidency on 1 january 2006 the european union eu found itself at a crossroads following the french and dutch rejection of the constitutional treaty in 2005 the ratification crisis was however only one of those unexpected events which jeopardized the new three year programme for the six presidencies from 2004 to 2006 invented to ensure greater coherence and consistency in the leadership of the eu while such a programme limits the scope of activity and priorities of a given presidency it is no substitute for active leadership in critical cases hence a presidency has to be evaluated first with regard to the management of the routine matters handed over by previous presidencies second with regard to its own priorities and third by its responses to crises how a presidency manages to deal with these dimensions is influenced by the nature of internal eu challenges international developments and the domestic politics of the country holding the presidency the eu faced a series of considerable internal challenges during the austrian presidency shortly after the negative french and dutch referendums on the constitutional treaty the european council decided to start a period of reflection that after several months had not produced impressive results moreover though governments considered the conclusion of the financial perspective for 2007 13 a success in january 2006 the european parliament ep overwhelmingly rejected the compromise worked out among the eu jcms 2007 volume 45 annual review pp 7 16", "title_raw": "The Austrian Presidency: Pragmatic Management", "abstract_raw": "When Austria took over the Council Presidency on 1 January 2006, the European Union (EU) found itself at a crossroads following the French and Dutch rejection of the Constitutional Treaty in 2005. The ratification crisis was, however, only one of those unexpected events which jeopardized the new three-year programme for the six presidencies from 2004 to 2006, invented to ensure greater coherence and consistency in the leadership of the EU. While such a programme limits the scope of activity and priorities of a given presidency, it is no substitute for active leadership in critical cases. Hence, a presidency has to be evaluated, first, with regard to the management of the routine matters handed over by previous presidencies; second, with regard to its own priorities; and, third, by its responses to crises. How a presidency manages to deal with these dimensions is influenced by the nature of internal EU challenges, international developments and the domestic politics of the country holding the presidency. The EU faced a series of considerable internal challenges during the Austrian presidency. Shortly after the negative French and Dutch referendums on the Constitutional Treaty, the European Council decided to start a period of reflection that, after several months, had not produced impressive results. Moreover, though governments considered the conclusion of the financial perspective for 2007\u201313 a success, in January 2006 the European Parliament (EP) overwhelmingly rejected the compromise worked out among the EU JCMS 2007 Volume 45 Annual Review pp. 7\u201316" }, { "paper": "2131563150", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2007", "title": "transparency of intergovernmental organizations the roles of member states international bureaucracies and nongovernmental organizations", "label": [ "51575053", "3116431", "2780233690", "2776007630", "34355311", "2778757428" ], "author": [ "2052415621" ], "reference": [ "60201903", "129028078", "274652685", "611425922", "620877623", "644480505", "1487998621", "1494432620", "1536480506", "1551856678", "1566002434", "1582428298", "1594819711", "1602093536", "1965349186", "1987323877", "2014556896", "2020160184", "2020692281", "2025265340", "2031209076", "2032522051", "2032899120", "2043234688", "2045993219", "2046699769", "2060759558", "2062227295", "2070343248", "2071775357", "2105717295", "2108833213", "2111786487", "2122274377", "2143099036", "2146200374", "2153031274", "2319065580", "2489045788", "2545139744", "2546773544", "2572014458", "2769770614", "3012800757", "3125333220", "3159573146" ], "abstract": "as intergovernmental organizations ios have grown in number and influence there has been an increase in calls for their accountability not just to governments but also toward the general public one of the principal ways they can improve their accountability is by becoming more transparent that is offering more information to the public over the past decade some ios have adopted official policies and changed their practices concerning public access to information while others have not this study asks which ios are likely to be transparent to answer this question it derives several hypotheses based on the existing international relations literature as well as the literature explaining government transparency in the domestic realm the hypotheses focus on the roles of the principal actors affecting access to information from ios member states io bureaucracies and international nongovernmental organizations this study tests these hypotheses across 72 ios by using three newly developed measures of transparency it finds that some of the main factors that explain io transparency are analogous to those that have affected government transparency at the domestic level", "title_raw": "Transparency of Intergovernmental Organizations: The Roles of Member States, International Bureaucracies and Nongovernmental Organizations", "abstract_raw": "As intergovernmental organizations (IOs) have grown in number and influence, there has been an increase in calls for their accountability, not just to governments but also toward the general public. One of the principal ways they can improve their accountability is by becoming more transparent, that is, offering more information to the public. Over the past decade, some IOs have adopted official policies and changed their practices concerning public access to information, while others have not. This study asks which IOs are likely to be transparent. To answer this question, it derives several hypotheses based on the existing international relations literature as well as the literature explaining government transparency in the domestic realm. The hypotheses focus on the roles of the principal actors affecting access-to-information from IOs: member states, IO bureaucracies and international nongovernmental organizations. This study tests these hypotheses across 72 IOs by using three newly developed measures of transparency. It finds that some of the main factors that explain IO transparency are analogous to those that have affected government transparency at the domestic level." }, { "paper": "2050951515", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2007", "title": "parliamentary and presidential elections in the democratic republic of congo 2006", "label": [ "118710137", "197487636", "59742305", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2526056145", "2989807813" ], "reference": [ "603526503", "2285949843", "2755395161", "2763756144" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Parliamentary and presidential elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2006", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2080022686", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2007", "title": "presidential address gladly would we learn and teach and gladly should we gather and preach", "label": [ "134698397", "47177190", "2777532764", "197487636", "2779509655", "12834510" ], "author": [ "1778142925" ], "reference": [ "2134969010", "2526905265", "2798951280" ], "abstract": "i am humbled to stand before this wonderful group of colleagues teachers associates and yes many many friends and carry out an aapor tradition of more than a half century in 1950 the year i was born and four years after the first aapor gathering in central city co our founders instituted a presidential evening as an occasion on which the association takes stock of some of its major problems this occasion has become a custom where members grant the current president a few minutes of the conference s time to share a few of his or her thoughts let me share something that i have learned about us in the past year one is that despite having many gardeners in the ranks there are no shrinking violets you have not been shy in sharing your opinions with me and i appreciate that that trait apparently has been passed down through generations as past presidents have been quite ready in their remarks to suggest what future presidents should do as well as that stock taking but before i do that let us see what a few recent presidents have suggested and what aapor has done to implement their suggestions mike kagay in 1999 documented a disconnect between elites and public opinion kagay 1999 i believe that public opinion polls continue to document that disparity allowing voters in the 2006 elections to know that many others felt as they did dissatisfied with the course of the country we have heard several times at this conference that the disconnect is worldwide and that it continues in the united states pew research center s pew global attitudes project spring 2007 one needs to look only at how voters reacted at the polls in 2006 both at the statehouse and national levels to see that their opinion which we as pollsters have documented over the past number of years was at odds with the country s leadership they threw many of those leaders out we have made some strides in educating journalists as don dillman 2002 mike traugott 2000 and cliff zukin 2006 suggested aapor now has a curriculum for a short course for journalists on polling that has been pilot tested and delivered to more than a half dozen groups over the past several years but that is only a drop in the bucket we will extend our educational reach by a new", "title_raw": "Presidential Address Gladly would We Learn and Teach \u2013 and Gladly should We Gather and Preach", "abstract_raw": "I am humbled to stand before this wonderful group of colleagues, teachers, associates and yes, many, many friends and carry out an AAPOR tradition of more than a half century. In 1950, the year I was born and four years after the first AAPOR gathering in Central City, CO, our founders instituted a \"Presidential Evening\" as an occasion on which the Association takes stock of some of its major problems. This occasion has become a custom where members grant the current president a few minutes of the conference's time to share a few of his or her thoughts. Let me share something that I have learned about us in the past year. One is that despite having many gardeners in the ranks, there are no shrinking violets: You have not been shy in sharing your opinions with me. And I appreciate that. That trait apparently has been passed down through generations, as past presidents have been quite ready in their remarks to suggest what future presidents should do, as well as that \"stock taking.\" But before I do that, let us see what a few recent presidents have suggested and what AAPOR has done to implement their suggestions. Mike Kagay in 1999 documented a disconnect between elites and public opinion (Kagay 1999). I believe that public opinion polls continue to document that disparity, allowing voters in the 2006 elections to know that many others felt as they did dissatisfied with the course of the country. We have heard several times at this conference that the disconnect is worldwide, and that it continues in the United States. (Pew Research Center's Pew Global Attitudes Project, Spring 2007). One needs to look only at how voters reacted at the polls in 2006, both at the statehouse and national levels, to see that their opinion which we as pollsters have documented over the past number of years was at odds with the country's leadership. They threw many of those leaders out. We have made some strides in educating journalists, as Don Dillman (2002), Mike Traugott (2000), and Cliff Zukin (2006) suggested. AAPOR now has a curriculum for a short course for journalists on polling that has been pilot tested and delivered to more than a half-dozen groups over the past several years. But that is only a drop in the bucket. We will extend our educational reach by a new" }, { "paper": "2167370877", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2007", "title": "china shifts gears automakers oil pollution and development kelly sims gallagher cambridge ma mit press 2006 216 pp 21 00 13 95 isbn 0 262 57232 x", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2674151139" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China Shifts Gears: Automakers, Oil, Pollution, and Development . KELLY SIMS GALLAGHER. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006. 216 pp. $21.00, \u00a313.95. ISBN 0-262-57232-X.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2539713253", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2007", "title": "india s democratic challenge", "label": [ "555826173", "2777799818", "2779707719", "2777094542", "129603779", "17058734", "2777522198" ], "author": [ "2307148041" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "india is attempting a transformation few nations in modern history have successfully managed liberalizing the economy within an estab lished democratic order it is hard to escape the impression that market interests and democratic principles are uneasily aligned in india today the two are not inherently contradictory but there are tensions between them that india s leaders will have to manage carefully students of political economy know that market based policies meant to increase the efficiency of the aggregate economy frequently generate short term dislocations and resentment in a democratic polity this resentment often translates at the ballot box into a halt or a reversal of pro market reforms in the west such tensions have remained moderate for at least three reasons universal suffrage came to most western democracies only after the industrial revolution which meant that the poor got the right to vote only after those societies had become relatively rich a welfare state has attended to the needs of low income segments of the population and the educated and the wealthy have tended to vote more than the poor the indian experience is different on all three counts india adopted universal suffrage at the time of independence long before the transition to a modern industrialized economy began the country does not have", "title_raw": "India's Democratic Challenge", "abstract_raw": "INDIA IS attempting a transformation few nations in modern history have successfully managed: liberalizing the economy within an estab lished democratic order. It is hard to escape the impression that market interests and democratic principles are uneasily aligned in India today. The two are not inherently contradictory, but there are tensions between them that India's leaders will have to manage carefully. Students of political economy know that market-based policies meant to increase the efficiency of the aggregate economy frequently generate short-term dislocations and resentment. In a democratic polity, this resentment often translates at the ballot box into a halt or a reversal of pro-market reforms. In the West, such tensions have remained moderate for at least three reasons: universal suffrage came to most Western democracies only after the Industrial Revolution, which meant that the poor got the right to vote only after those societies had become relatively rich; a welfare state has attended to the needs of low-income segments of the population; and the educated and the wealthy have tended to vote more than the poor. The Indian experience is different on all three counts. India adopted universal suffrage at the time of independence, long before the transition to a modern industrialized economy began. The country does not have" }, { "paper": "2136378465", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2007", "title": "divided america the ferocious power struggles in american politics", "label": [ "522562087", "94625758", "2776051254", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2089179897" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "divided america the ferocious power struggles in american politics by earl and merle black new york simon schuster 2007 286p 26 00 earl and merle black have delivered another insightful book that describes contemporary politics by examining historical trends they argue that the proper understanding of american politics from election to policy requires a regional analysis in their own words important geographical divisions we believe are at the heart of the very close national battles between democrats and republicans american politics becomes much more interesting and easier to understand when the party battles are examined region by region p xi their five regions are the south northeast pacific coast midwest and mountains plains", "title_raw": "Divided America: The Ferocious Power Struggles in American Politics", "abstract_raw": "Divided America: The Ferocious Power Struggles in American Politics. By Earl and Merle Black. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007. 286p. $26.00. Earl and Merle Black have delivered another insightful book that describes contemporary politics by examining historical trends. They argue that the proper understanding of American politics\u2014from election to policy\u2014requires a regional analysis. In their own words: \u201cImportant geographical divisions, we believe, are at the heart of the very close national battles between Democrats and Republicans. American politics becomes much more interesting\u2014and easier to understand\u2014when the party battles are examined region by region\u201d (p.xi). Their five regions are the South, Northeast, Pacific Coast, Midwest, and Mountains/Plains." }, { "paper": "30038451", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2007", "title": "u s court confirms and enforces nafta arbitration award in favor of mexico", "label": [ "2776040250", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "U.S. Court Confirms and Enforces NAFTA Arbitration Award in Favor of Mexico", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2165080716", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2007", "title": "managerialism and equalities tensions within widening access policy and practice for disabled students in uk universities", "label": [ "3116431", "2779279438", "2777351106", "120912362", "2780510313" ], "author": [ "1997352824", "604538532", "2686237813", "2119332496", "2564428779", "3200131951", "2158290428" ], "reference": [ "591284638", "602964601", "607090949", "615858239", "639735654", "1486867368", "1496351033", "1499218775", "1968531120", "1997160413", "2010392169", "2054526086", "2097903327", "2124298761", "2145412930", "2478137413", "2481450546", "2890918258" ], "abstract": "this paper draws on a four year longitudinal esrc funded project examining learning experiences of disabled students in higher education in four universities the focus here is on institutional responses to the demands of audit culture and legislation in relation to making reasonable adjustments for students with impairments the data comes from institutional documents and face to face interviews with key informants within the institutions the findings indicate that quality assurance regimes and legislation have had some positive effect on improving access for disabled students however local factors and type of institution also have a major impact on the way that national policies are expressed in particular contexts", "title_raw": "Managerialism and Equalities: Tensions within Widening Access Policy and Practice for Disabled Students in UK Universities.", "abstract_raw": "This paper draws on a four-year longitudinal ESRC funded project examining learning experiences of disabled students in higher education in four universities. The focus here is on institutional responses to the demands of audit culture and legislation in relation to making reasonable adjustments for students with impairments. The data comes from institutional documents and face-to-face interviews with key informants within the institutions. The findings indicate that quality assurance regimes and legislation have had some positive effect on improving access for disabled students; however, local factors and type of institution also have a major impact on the way that national policies are expressed in particular contexts." }, { "paper": "2042765216", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2007", "title": "what drives euroskepticism party public cueing ideology and strategic opportunity", "label": [ "158071213", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2082768885" ], "reference": [ "159907366", "562077673", "1096889117", "1434076554", "1515470871", "1524003714", "1537426998", "1966820490", "1968327343", "1977825494", "2018291456", "2022736072", "2031977767", "2046960497", "2058357649", "2098380371", "2099476011", "2101457337", "2110388278", "2114174882", "2121463848", "2150908705", "2157979842", "2158437999", "2164679681" ], "abstract": "vrije universiteit amsterdam and university of north carolina at chapel hill netherlands united states hooghe liesbet", "title_raw": "What drives Euroskepticism? Party-public cueing, ideology and strategic opportunity", "abstract_raw": "Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam - and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill-->\n - NETHERLANDS, UNITED STATES (Hooghe, Liesbet)" }, { "paper": "2110701398", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2007", "title": "canadian mining companies and corporate social responsibility weighing the impact of global norms", "label": [ "179681481", "201305675", "147598955", "141261163", "39549134" ], "author": [ "319380446" ], "reference": [ "149816874", "566563400", "589318715", "593260767", "626692171", "643715927", "656696533", "1533183487", "1578919566", "1595051401", "1668312520", "1693731968", "1831297970", "1971492513", "1978918752", "1983778928", "1995575873", "1995923455", "2013751162", "2057005672", "2066674205", "2072978290", "2073420901", "2078937354", "2079643502", "2095265001", "2096008403", "2097549324", "2110482623", "2140445296", "2150316800", "2150518915", "2160316953", "2162412465", "2166709151", "2177756622", "2336176570", "2499027757", "2602106956", "2917820088", "3123606596", "3124585939" ], "abstract": "abstract this study analyzes the factors that led two canadian mining companies noranda and placer dome to adopt polices on corporate social responsibility csr although much has been written on csr in the business and organization fields there has been little scholarly treatment of the topic from a social sciences perspective a common assumption is that companies are merely reacting to societal pressures from transnational non governmental organizations this study challenges that assumption by weighing the impact of emerging global norms of csr against influences internal to the companies themselves and domestic influences operating in canada the research findings point to the decisive influence of internal company dynamics and the experience of operating mines in canada while emerging global csr norms are important their role is more complex than is often assumed as mining companies have been proactive in their efforts to shape those norms resume cette etude analyse les facteurs qui ont amene deux societes minieres canadiennes noranda et placer dome a adopter des politiques concernant la responsabilite sociale de l entreprise rse la rse a fait couler beaucoup d encre dans le domaine des affaires et de l organisation mais peu de chercheurs s y sont interesses dans la perspective des sciences sociales on part tres souvent de l hypothese que les societes se contentent de reagir aux pressions sociales exercees par les organisations non gouvernementales transnationales cette etude remet cette hypothese en question en comparant l impact des normes globales emergentes de la rse aux influences internes aux societes elles memes et aux influences domestiques qui s exercent au canada les resultats revelent l influence decisive des dynamiques internes des societes et celle de l experience derivee de l exploitation des mines au canada les normes globales emergentes en matiere de rse sont certes importantes mais leur role est plus complexe qu on ne l admet souvent car les societes minieres ont joue un role tres actif dans leur elaboration", "title_raw": "Canadian Mining Companies and Corporate Social Responsibility: Weighing the Impact of Global Norms", "abstract_raw": "Abstract. This study analyzes the factors that led two Canadian mining companies, Noranda and Placer Dome, to adopt polices on corporate social responsibility (CSR). Although much has been written on CSR in the business and organization fields, there has been little scholarly treatment of the topic from a social sciences perspective. A common assumption is that companies are merely reacting to societal pressures from transnational non-governmental organizations. This study challenges that assumption, by weighing the impact of emerging global norms of CSR against influences internal to the companies themselves, and domestic influences operating in Canada. The research findings point to the decisive influence of internal company dynamics and the experience of operating mines in Canada. While emerging global CSR norms are important, their role is more complex than is often assumed, as mining companies have been proactive in their efforts to shape those norms. Resume. Cette etude analyse les facteurs qui ont amene deux societes minieres canadiennes, Noranda et Placer Dome, a adopter des politiques concernant la responsabilite sociale de l'entreprise (RSE). La RSE a fait couler beaucoup d'encre dans le domaine des affaires et de l'organisation, mais peu de chercheurs s'y sont interesses dans la perspective des sciences sociales. On part tres souvent de l'hypothese que les societes se contentent de reagir aux pressions sociales exercees par les organisations non-gouvernementales transnationales. Cette etude remet cette hypothese en question en comparant l'impact des normes globales emergentes de la RSE aux influences internes aux societes elles-memes, et aux influences domestiques qui s'exercent au Canada. Les resultats revelent l'influence decisive des dynamiques internes des societes et celle de l'experience derivee de l'exploitation des mines au Canada. Les normes globales emergentes en matiere de RSE sont certes importantes, mais leur role est plus complexe qu'on ne l'admet souvent car les societes minieres ont joue un role tres actif dans leur elaboration." }, { "paper": "2073404763", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2007", "title": "party movements in the united states and canada strategies of persistence", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "83224945" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Party Movements in the United States and Canada: Strategies of Persistence", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2097354459", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2007", "title": "the intersection of narrative policy analysis and policy change theory", "label": [ "197487636", "203566152", "39549134", "94625758", "109986646", "123587114" ], "author": [ "1945538914", "2141780911", "2001526301", "2062220240" ], "reference": [ "106208380", "604734024", "630893282", "1495705901", "1534300113", "1580074409", "1605504889", "1999737369", "2010096836", "2010793828", "2018378619", "2026333475", "2037927976", "2050765165", "2062962096", "2077023964", "2079900755", "2090054235", "2090255830", "2152946788", "2337188481", "3144481540" ], "abstract": "narrative policy analysis and policy change theory rarely intersect in the literature this research proposes an integration of these approaches through an empirical analysis of the narrative political strategies of two interest groups involved in policy debate and change over an eight year period in the greater yellowstone area three research questions are explored i is it possible to reconcile these seemingly disparate approaches ii do policy narrative strategies explain how interest groups expand or contain policy issues despite divergent core policy beliefs 3 how does this new method of analysis add to the literature one hundred and five documents from the greater yellowstone coalition and the blue ribbon coalition were content analyzed for policy narrative strategies identification of winners and losers diffusion or concentration of costs and benefits and use of condensation symbols policy surrogates and science five of seven hypotheses were confirmed while controlling for presidential administration and technical expertise the results indicate that interest groups do use distinctive narrative strategies in the turbulent policy environment", "title_raw": "The Intersection of Narrative Policy Analysis and Policy Change Theory", "abstract_raw": "Narrative policy analysis and policy change theory rarely intersect in the literature. This research proposes an integration of these approaches through an empirical analysis of the narrative political strategies of two interest groups involved in policy debate and change over an eight-year period in the Greater Yellowstone Area. Three research questions are explored: (i) Is it possible to reconcile these seemingly disparate approaches? (ii) Do policy narrative strategies explain how interest groups expand or contain policy issues despite divergent core policy beliefs? (3) How does this new method of analysis add to the literature? One hundred and five documents from the Greater Yellowstone Coalition and the Blue Ribbon Coalition were content analyzed for policy narrative strategies: identification of winners and losers, diffusion or concentration of costs and benefits, and use of condensation symbols, policy surrogates, and science. Five of seven hypotheses were confirmed while controlling for presidential administration and technical expertise. The results indicate that interest groups do use distinctive narrative strategies in the turbulent policy environment." }, { "paper": "2896114332", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2007", "title": "the business of lobbying in china by scott kennedy harvard university press 2005 isbn 0 674 01547 9", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "1434878282" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Business of Lobbying in China. By Scott Kennedy. Harvard University Press. 2005, ISBN 0-674-01547-9", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2044415296", "venue": "107737141", "year": "2007", "title": "wanted dead or alive media frames frame adoption and support for the war in afghanistan", "label": [ "2909893827", "81631423" ], "author": [ "1754851697", "31922502" ], "reference": [ "611159344", "655628991", "1515424492", "1531616157", "1965523577", "1973082961", "1984901792", "1986056512", "1996091676", "1999642591", "2001442493", "2041721338", "2061592058", "2064601539", "2078561014", "2090579727", "2095510066", "2095664041", "2096452841", "2102157432", "2106874387", "2110464107", "2116394104", "2119120953", "2127338316", "2138479733", "2150468871", "2157979842", "2318275541", "2330608822", "3014279394", "3175406823" ], "abstract": "this paper attempts to measure the impact of naturally occurring media frames on public support for a policy content analysis of network nightly news during late october of 2001 reveals that u s media framed the events of september 11 in terms of both war and crime a concurrent survey of 328 tennesseans reveals that rather than adopting either a war frame or a crime frame audiences combined elements of these media frames in various ways and that their subsequent understanding of the events of september 11 had an impact on their support for the war in afghanistan the results reveal the complexity of the framing phenomenon in natural environments and suggest the need for better measures of how audiences perceive media frames as well as further investigation into framing as a means of coalition building", "title_raw": "Wanted, Dead or Alive: Media Frames, Frame Adoption, and Support for the War in Afghanistan", "abstract_raw": "This paper attempts to measure the impact of naturally occurring media frames on public support for a policy. Content analysis of network nightly news during late October of 2001 reveals that U.S. media framed the events of September 11 in terms of both war and crime. A concurrent survey of 328 Tennesseans reveals that rather than adopting either a war frame or a crime frame, audiences combined elements of these media frames in various ways and that their subsequent understanding of the events of September 11 had an impact on their support for the war in Afghanistan. The results reveal the complexity of the framing phenomenon in natural environments and suggest the need for better measures of how audiences perceive media frames as well as further investigation into framing as a means of coalition building." }, { "paper": "1980909082", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2007", "title": "technologies of humility", "label": [ "2778456462" ], "author": [ "2338533298" ], "reference": [ "2062199894" ], "abstract": "researchers and policy makers need ways for accommodating the partiality of scientific knowledge and for acting under the inevitable uncertainty it holds while society and policy makers demand ever more science based evidence sheila jassanoff cautions on the partiality of scientific knowledge and the need for disciplined methods to accommodate this irredeemable uncertainty", "title_raw": "Technologies of humility", "abstract_raw": "Researchers and policy-makers need ways for accommodating the partiality of scientific knowledge and for acting under the inevitable uncertainty it holds. While society and policy makers demand ever more science-based evidence, Sheila Jassanoff cautions on the partiality of scientific knowledge and the need for disciplined methods to accommodate this irredeemable uncertainty." }, { "paper": "2161593393", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2007", "title": "to treaty or not to treaty aboriginal peoples and comprehensive land claims negotiations in canada", "label": [ "199776023", "2779010840", "135121143", "199539241", "100505606" ], "author": [ "2110134829" ], "reference": [ "211468262", "571900018", "573224682", "590914424", "602372353", "602507971", "603888656", "1482553560", "1529705201", "1533369859", "1551117396", "1561018600", "1572430481", "2003339675", "2019920959", "2029785989", "2030812345", "2038055475", "2049762447", "2070105582", "2085663668", "2098942159", "2119535245", "2135916816", "2143874312", "2160551229", "2288334734", "2341460760", "2412337021", "2490012373", "2529663197", "2791513531", "2955688203", "3121147769", "3124780181" ], "abstract": "although the federal comprehensive land claims clc process has become an almost hegemonic paradigm of government aboriginal relations in canada this article argues that aboriginal groups should consider abandoning the clc process if they have not been able to make significant progress towards completing treaties previously many aboriginal groups had no better option but to negotiate clc treaties to achieve their goals now however a number of institutional developments have given aboriginal groups a range of other options that are worth pursuing instead of clc treaties these developments are two judicial decisions handed down in 2004 and the emergence of three policy instruments outside of the treaty process self government agreements bilateral agreements and the first nations land management act", "title_raw": "To Treaty or Not to Treaty? Aboriginal Peoples and Comprehensive Land Claims Negotiations in Canada", "abstract_raw": "Although the federal comprehensive land claims (CLC) process has become an almost hegemonic paradigm of government-Aboriginal relations in Canada, this article argues that Aboriginal groups should consider abandoning the CLC process if they have not been able to make significant progress towards completing treaties. Previously, many Aboriginal groups had no better option but to negotiate CLC treaties to achieve their goals. Now, however, a number of institutional developments have given Aboriginal groups a range of other options that are worth pursuing instead of CLC treaties. These developments are: Two judicial decisions handed down in 2004 and the emergence of three policy instruments outside of the treaty process: Self-government agreements, bilateral agreements, and the First Nations Land Management Act." }, { "paper": "2043435568", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2007", "title": "resources group conflict and symbols explaining anti immigration hostility in britain", "label": [ "10485196", "107344746", "176002671", "111141941", "178429953", "70036468", "2776642725" ], "author": [ "2063610619", "2436515335" ], "reference": [ "19858466", "336815429", "573809769", "628491254", "1541600623", "1579939430", "1667345428", "1974651647", "1976652502", "1978227816", "1984327624", "1986357892", "1999710392", "2001260365", "2006794397", "2009226342", "2016923380", "2017351005", "2021003966", "2023917904", "2037079743", "2039927498", "2041907816", "2046022121", "2049597444", "2050422344", "2054886155", "2057754765", "2063885306", "2065915121", "2075293815", "2087408914", "2089165198", "2092327776", "2097908050", "2099274242", "2099453691", "2101681382", "2103519322", "2103560939", "2109979895", "2118027361", "2120840035", "2120960479", "2127476020", "2130405168", "2134041940", "2148991268", "2149364654", "2154460522", "2160967990", "2161169828", "2167121898", "2169085243", "2318835776", "2319649222", "2334216713", "2489165867", "2506199850", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "this article analyses the causes of variation in attitudes to immigration policy in the uk the key theoretical approaches emphasised are the role of self interest group conflict over resources and group conflict over important symbols of britishness the connection between perceptions of immigration and crime is also investigated based on the 2003 british social attitudes survey the findings indicate that self interest has very little bearing on opposition to immigration and that british citizens instead appear to be most concerned with threats to ingroup resources posed by immigration threats to the shared customs and traditions of british society particularly those posed by muslims and to a lesser extent the potential for increased crime that may result from immigration", "title_raw": "Resources, Group Conflict and Symbols: Explaining Anti\u2010Immigration Hostility in Britain", "abstract_raw": "This article analyses the causes of variation in attitudes to immigration policy in the UK. The key theoretical approaches emphasised are: the role of self-interest; group conflict over resources; and group conflict over important symbols of Britishness. The connection between perceptions of immigration and crime is also investigated. Based on the 2003 British Social Attitudes Survey, the findings indicate that self-interest has very little bearing on opposition to immigration and that British citizens instead appear to be most concerned with threats to ingroup resources posed by immigration, threats to the shared customs and traditions of British society (particularly those posed by Muslims) and \u2013 to a lesser extent \u2013 the potential for increased crime that may result from immigration." }, { "paper": "2093726561", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2007", "title": "book review ziblatt d 2006 structuring the state the formation of italy and germany and the puzzle of federalism princeton nj princeton university press", "label": [ "533735693", "2775945657", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2181828905" ], "reference": [ "1587611976" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Ziblatt, D. (2006). Structuring the State: The Formation of Italy and Germany and the Puzzle of Federalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3124879494", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2007", "title": "the second order structure of immigration law", "label": [ "204207695", "70036468", "127454912" ], "author": [ "2148428499", "2142285413" ], "reference": [ "20478582", "22958598", "35515205", "121974787", "134948077", "168710825", "612792581", "773962378", "776175214", "782848867", "799267044", "1487828526", "1499316800", "1506410646", "1507727354", "1519410438", "1521782051", "1523316176", "1524524782", "1527724135", "1536180520", "1547116074", "1547541103", "1553133687", "1557051358", "1557318870", "1560614426", "1560949317", "1561250999", "1568107049", "1569690557", "1582556228", "1591666437", "1605578388", "1614567641", "1651648384", "1712084805", "1718371417", "1732363701", "1770772984", "1802741131", "1810072498", "1824044155", "1827601503", "1828740333", "1869305754", "1874923046", "1882213750", "1882595936", "1882877655", "1917987628", "1920114333", "2037757952", "2049763764", "2083231342", "2102241282", "2104049309", "2105189521", "2105998493", "2106230614", "2113711899", "2117658313", "2135262579", "2136154000", "2137299259", "2138673647", "2144447563", "2151959895", "2158640049", "2162696834", "2162943705", "2165013276", "2167283380", "2169285194", "2169368842", "2169778513", "2170087129", "2172232143", "3121413965", "3121876642", "3122128429", "3122278899", "3122381403", "3123120278", "3123624128", "3124192948", "3124618013", "3124637317", "3124849701", "3125178896", "3125381705", "3125618965", "3126025468", "3126100033" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Second-Order Structure of Immigration Law", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2030117296", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2007", "title": "how did we get here mexican democracy after the 2006 elections", "label": [ "83009810", "2776742560", "2781459946", "555826173", "2779220109", "124717273" ], "author": [ "2175364836" ], "reference": [ "332330092", "1482429917", "1509383136", "1557941775", "2023372738", "2029671659", "2042040378", "2101622797", "2132209161", "2163710075" ], "abstract": "on july 2 2006 mexican voters elected national action party pan candidate felipe calderon as the next president of mexico calderon s victory was extremely narrow he won under 36 of the total vote and less that 0 6 more than his leftist rival andres manuel lopez obrador this potentially problematic situation was aggravated by lopez obrador s decision to challenge calderon s victory both in the courts and in the streets lopez obrador s protest campaign culminated on september 16 when tens of thousands of his followers gathered in downtown mexico city to acclaim him legitimate president of mexico meanwhile in the legislature leaders of lopez obrador s party of the democratic revolution prd oscillated between hints that they would collaborate with calderon s administration and signs that they would adopt a posture of untrammeled hostility", "title_raw": "How Did We Get Here? Mexican Democracy after the 2006 Elections", "abstract_raw": "On July 2, 2006, Mexican voters elected National Action Party (PAN) candidate Felipe Calderon as the next president of Mexico. Calderon's victory was extremely narrow; he won under 36% of the total vote and less that 0.6% more than his leftist rival, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador. This potentially problematic situation was aggravated by Lopez Obrador's decision to challenge Calderon's victory, both in the courts and in the streets. Lopez Obrador's protest campaign culminated on September 16, when tens of thousands of his followers gathered in downtown Mexico City to acclaim him \u201clegitimate president\u201d of Mexico. Meanwhile, in the legislature, leaders of Lopez Obrador's Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) oscillated between hints that they would collaborate with Calderon's administration and signs that they would adopt a posture of untrammeled hostility." }, { "paper": "1999400082", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2007", "title": "waiting for change", "label": [ "189326681" ], "author": [ "2142917917" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Waiting for change.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3121289533", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2007", "title": "capital defense lawyers the good the bad and the ugly", "label": [ "2776154427", "2777359062", "199539241", "2910235986" ], "author": [ "3123503316" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "professor welsh s white s book litigating in the shadow of death defense attorneys in capital cases collects the compelling stories of a new band of dedicated lawyers that has vigorously represented capital defendants seeking to prevent their executions p 3 sadly professor white passed away on new year s eve 2005 days before the release of his final work to the well deserved accolades of professor white that were recently published in the ohio state journal of criminal law i can only add a poignant comment in a student blog that captures his excellence as a scholar and educator i wanted to spend more time being taught by him another colleague stated he believed very strongly that the way in which the death penalty is carried out in the united states is unfair and inhumane and violates the constitution he stood up for what he believed and was very influential in doing that professor white s book is a wonderful parting gift from a scholar and humanitarian the book advances his cause by exposing the achilles heel of capital punishment the court s unwillingness to guarantee adequate legal representation to every person accused of a capital crime it may be his most influential publication on the death penalty the book explores the work of defense attorneys both good and bad on behalf of prisoners in capital cases professor white interviewed over thirty lawyers identified as among the most skilled capital defense attorneys in", "title_raw": "Capital Defense Lawyers: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly", "abstract_raw": "Professor Welsh S. White's' book Litigating in the Shadow of Death: Defense Attorneys in Capital Cases collects the compelling stories of \"a new band of dedicated lawyers\" that has \"vigorously represented capital defendants, seeking to prevent their executions\" (p.3). Sadly, Professor White passed away on New Year's Eve, 2005, days before the release of his final work. To the well-deserved accolades of Professor White that were recently published in the Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law^ I can only add a poignant comment in a student blog that captures his excellence as a scholar and educator: \"I wanted to spend more time being taught by him.\"' Another colleague stated, \"He believed very strongly that the way [in] which the death penalty is carried out in the United States is unfair and inhumane and violates the Constitution. He stood up for what he believed and was very influential in doing that.\"'* Professor White's book is a wonderful parting gift from a scholar and humanitarian. The book advances his cause by exposing the Achilles Heel of capital punishment: the Court's unwillingness to guarantee adequate legal representation to every person accused of a capital crime. It may be his most influential publication on the death penalty. The book explores the work of defense attorneys, both good and bad, on behalf of prisoners in capital cases. Professor White interviewed over thirty lawyers \"identified as among the most skilled capital defense attorneys in" }, { "paper": "2043280816", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2007", "title": "lose win or draw a reexamination of direct democracy and minority rights", "label": [ "2776427498", "2777094542", "501008422", "199539241" ], "author": [ "47876961", "2173786918", "2013862901" ], "reference": [ "1483667489", "1497591354", "1606311321", "1965177553", "2023362085", "2032419359", "2040771383", "2050293676", "2050843238", "2102617859", "2131923450", "2170359778", "2170962815", "2305269909", "2314818580", "2316146181", "2319381249", "2326440277" ], "abstract": "researchers continue to disagree over how minority rights fare in direct democracy elections the authors enter this debate by reviewing previous research and outlining more systematic criteria for assessing minority rights in the context of direct democracy in applying these criteria an analysis of direct democracy contests involving gay and lesbian civil rights suggests that minorities are more likely to lose in these contests the authors suggest that the conclusions of previous researchers may have been premature and that their criteria should be applied to other minority groups", "title_raw": "Lose, Win, or Draw? A Reexamination of Direct Democracy and Minority Rights", "abstract_raw": "Researchers continue to disagree over how minority rights fare in direct democracy elections. The authors enter this debate by reviewing previous research and outlining more systematic criteria for assessing minority rights in the context of direct democracy. In applying these criteria, an analysis of direct democracy contests involving gay and lesbian civil rights suggests that minorities are more likely to lose in these contests. The authors suggest that the conclusions of previous researchers may have been premature and that their criteria should be applied to other minority groups." }, { "paper": "1484499790", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2007", "title": "biological terrorism and public health", "label": [ "203133693", "2779144152", "11982227" ], "author": [ "858637669" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a biological terrorist attack probably would first be detected by doctors or other health care workers the speed of a response would then depend on their rapid recognition and communication that certain illnesses appeared out of the ordinary for this reason preparing for biological terrorism has more in common with confronting the threat of emerging infectious diseases than with preparing for chemical or nuclear attacks defence against bioterrorism like protection against emerging diseases must therefore rely on improved national and international public health surveillance too often thinking about bioterrorism has mimicked thinking about chemical terrorism a confusion that leads to an emphasis on the wrong approaches in preparing to meet the threat", "title_raw": "Biological terrorism and public health", "abstract_raw": "A biological terrorist attack probably would first be detected by doctors or other health-care workers. The speed of a response would then depend on their rapid recognition and communication that certain illnesses appeared out of the ordinary. For this reason, preparing for biological terrorism has more in common with confronting the threat of emerging infectious diseases than with preparing for chemical or nuclear attacks. Defence against bioterrorism, like protection against emerging diseases, must therefore rely on improved national and international public-health surveillance. Too often, thinking about bioterrorism has mimicked thinking about chemical terrorism, a confusion that leads to an emphasis on the wrong approaches in preparing to meet the threat." }, { "paper": "2098150149", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2007", "title": "go west young man the culture of migration among muslims in hyderabad india", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "2129026983" ], "reference": [ "290214619", "393279246", "562788448", "579887094", "591665592", "609040825", "627263243", "634035987", "1561710930", "1583115658", "1968224500", "1968272415", "1973014720", "1974017696", "1980397880", "1984729117", "1987868753", "1990441538", "1991107761", "2004038836", "2014438258", "2017158516", "2028703710", "2042936689", "2044715627", "2046761917", "2048878364", "2052621550", "2052680788", "2064368768", "2072743360", "2083776296", "2090700929", "2093026510", "2105768108", "2119447792", "2162257726", "2163953251", "2281844383", "2323092616", "2329383795", "2494131587", "2506626085", "2528265237", "2798108107", "3081542981", "3122202121" ], "abstract": "most studies of migration that ask why and how people migrate examine economic rationales and the network connections of migrants in this article i explore one understudied aspect of the migration process the culture of migration using data gathered from field research in hyderabad india hyderabad is a city with substantial capital investment especially from it companies and is an excellent site to examine how the desire to migrate remains salient in spite of the immigration of capital to the migrants home setting resulting in increased job opportunities at home at least for professionals additionally greater restrictions have been placed by persian gulf states on migrant labourers resulting in decreased opportunities abroad i argue that it is the culture of migration among hyderabadi muslim professionals and labourers that promotes migration to the us and saudi arabia even though opportunities at home are greater for some and opportunities abroad are more restricted for others i furth", "title_raw": "\u2018Go West Young Man\u2019: The Culture of Migration among Muslims in Hyderabad, India", "abstract_raw": "Most studies of migration that ask why and how people migrate examine economic rationales and the network connections of migrants. In this article, I explore one understudied aspect of the migration process, the \u2018culture of migration\u2019, using data gathered from field research in Hyderabad, India. Hyderabad is a city with substantial capital investment, especially from IT companies, and is an excellent site to examine how the desire to migrate remains salient in spite of the immigration of capital to the migrants\u2019 home setting, resulting in increased job opportunities at home, at least for professionals. Additionally, greater restrictions have been placed by Persian Gulf states on migrant labourers, resulting in decreased opportunities abroad. I argue that it is the culture of migration among Hyderabadi Muslim professionals and labourers that promotes migration to the US and Saudi Arabia, even though opportunities at home are greater for some, and opportunities abroad are more restricted for others. I furth..." }, { "paper": "2148881566", "venue": "98137347", "year": "2007", "title": "conservation resentment dissected", "label": [ "50764671" ], "author": [ "2502223359", "2067241419" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Conservation Resentment Dissected", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2109661823", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2007", "title": "population growth and the millennium development goals", "label": [ "553381038", "189326681", "2779503283" ], "author": [ "2235719539", "2305898717" ], "reference": [ "1490004965", "1981298602", "2021682474", "2090173250", "2096022417" ], "abstract": "return of the population growth factor its impact on the millennium development goals a report of hearings held in the uk parliament in 2006 focuses on the devastating impact of population growth on the millennium development goals mdgs the report was released on jan 31 the inquiry chairman richard ottaway member of parliament mp concludes the evidence is overwhelming the mdgs are difficult or impossible to achieve with the current levels of population growth in the least developed countries and regions experts from around the world who testified to the hearings described the beneficial effects of slowing rapid population growth as did cleland and colleagues recently in the lancet slower population growth permits greater investment in education and health helping to lift nations out of poverty mdg 1 by contrast high birth rates in sub saharan africa have helped increase the number living in extreme poverty from 231 million in 1990 to 318 million in 2001 in ethiopia 8 million people already live on permanent food aid and the projected population growth from 75 million today to 145 million in 2050 presents an insurmountable challenge rapid population growth has a detrimental effect on the hope of achieving universal primary education by 2015 mdg 2 excerpt", "title_raw": "Population growth and the Millennium Development Goals", "abstract_raw": "Return of the Population Growth Factor: its impact on the Millennium Development Goals a report of hearings held in the UK Parliament in 2006 focuses on the devastating impact of population growth on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The report was released on Jan 31. The Inquiry Chairman Richard Ottaway Member of Parliament (MP) concludes: \"The evidence is overwhelming: the MDGs are difficult or impossible to achieve with the current levels of population growth in the least developed countries and regions.\" Experts from around the world who testified to the hearings described the beneficial effects of slowing rapid population growth as did Cleland and colleagues recently in The Lancet. Slower population growth permits greater investment in education and health helping to lift nations out of poverty (MDG 1). By contrast high birth rates in sub-Saharan Africa have helped increase the number living in extreme poverty from 231 million in 1990 to 318 million in 2001. In Ethiopia 8 million people already live on permanent food aid and the projected population growth from 75 million today to 145 million in 2050 presents an insurmountable challenge. Rapid population growth has a detrimental effect on the hope of achieving universal primary education by 2015 (MDG 2). (excerpt)" }, { "paper": "2106615139", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2007", "title": "ethnic minority rule and civil war onset", "label": [ "17022365", "81631423", "137403100", "2776398702", "153668964", "71735400" ], "author": [ "2151351632", "304253599", "54438461" ], "reference": [ "1537646239", "2027918095", "2118882740", "2151780178", "2324440273", "3124164738" ], "abstract": "partly hidden beneath the complexities of n and an attack on the supposedly individualist presumptions of ethnic fractionalization measures a simple and valuable question lies implicit in cederman and girardin s 2007 article henceforth cg are countries at greater risk of civil war when the state is controlled by an ethnic minority", "title_raw": "Ethnic Minority Rule and Civil War Onset", "abstract_raw": "Partly hidden beneath the complexities of N* and an attack on the supposedly individualist presumptions of ethnic fractionalization measures, a simple and valuable question lies implicit in Cederman and Girardin's (2007) article (henceforth, CG). Are countries at greater risk of civil war when the state is controlled by an ethnic minority?" }, { "paper": "2297625198", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2007", "title": "contextual approaches to human security canada and japan in the balkans", "label": [ "2781061807", "2777278149", "169437150", "2779449393" ], "author": [ "2057173855", "3114879556" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "during the last decade human security has made its way into policy discourses according to the undp s widely acknowledged approach the term implies on the one hand safety from chronic threats such as hunger disease and repression and on the other protection from sudden and harmful disruptions in the patterns of daily life whether in homes jobs or communities 1 human security denotes a multidimensional and holistic approach to security that is based on the conviction that problems such as human rights development and insecurity in conflict zones are strongly interrelated the term is also characterized by its universalism as it reflects", "title_raw": "Contextual Approaches to Human Security: Canada and Japan in the Balkans", "abstract_raw": "During the last decade, human security has made its way into policy discourses. According to the UNDP's widely acknowledged approach, the term implies, on the one hand, safety from chronic threats such as hunger, disease, and repression and, on the other, protection from sudden and harmful disruptions in the patterns of daily life whether in homes, jobs, or communities.1 Human security denotes a multidimensional and holistic approach to security that is based on the conviction that problems such as human rights, development, and insecurity in conflict zones are strongly interrelated. The term is also characterized by its universalism as it reflects" }, { "paper": "2046486579", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2007", "title": "agenda setting in the european union a theoretical exploration and agenda for research", "label": [ "39549134", "189261614", "94625758", "34355311" ], "author": [ "435430265" ], "reference": [ "647777384", "1568404122", "1939507591", "1962209509", "1963912826", "1965766872", "1980588239", "1986962334", "2018727505", "2022094062", "2023403348", "2034591054", "2034662077", "2037927976", "2038237980", "2072462756", "2076922240", "2082317989", "2090255830", "2091394807", "2135703386", "2138099467", "2141955393", "2164482078", "2165370323", "2166735555", "2167524400", "2167613113", "2488265896", "2499385100", "2797841391", "2800326473", "2908616786", "3122574435", "3124283101", "3125725144" ], "abstract": "abstract although agenda setting processes are important for understanding policy making in the european union the literature on eu governance has devoted little explicit attention to them drawing on studies in international relations eu governance and agenda setting in domestic politics this article identifies some key elements of agenda setting processes in the eu and formulates an agenda for future research it argues that agenda setting in the eu can best be seen as the outcome of strategic decisions by political actors to shift issues to the venue that is most favourable to them while building on models of agenda setting that were developed in a domestic context it identifies a number of institutional and political characteristics that are specific to eu agenda setting processes", "title_raw": "Agenda-setting in the European Union: a theoretical exploration and agenda for research", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACT Although agenda-setting processes are important for understanding policy-making in the European Union, the literature on EU governance has devoted little explicit attention to them. Drawing on studies in international relations, EU governance and agenda-setting in domestic politics, this article identifies some key elements of agenda-setting processes in the EU and formulates an agenda for future research. It argues that agenda-setting in the EU can best be seen as the outcome of strategic decisions by political actors to shift issues to the venue that is most favourable to them. While building on models of agenda-setting that were developed in a domestic context, it identifies a number of institutional and political characteristics that are specific to EU agenda-setting processes." }, { "paper": "2151402071", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2007", "title": "dual nationality among latinos what are the implications for political connectedness", "label": [ "2781046721", "70036468", "2779707719", "2777138209", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1889315179", "2142072359", "1918083087" ], "reference": [ "74527264", "609131716", "623130384", "654282502", "1595743797", "1603684725", "1963775283", "1965579198", "1967816311", "1968570280", "1974593647", "1975749665", "1985081566", "1998032266", "2006286299", "2020086515", "2031272337", "2031340404", "2035534527", "2036818849", "2037650788", "2045231696", "2045863311", "2047600640", "2053879718", "2060349351", "2075989637", "2083605918", "2088322586", "2093026510", "2113398473", "2117963689", "2123735144", "2125202429", "2125592903", "2141961860", "2144956506", "2160058239", "2169469303", "2170173914", "2321981869", "2324652623", "2328283607", "2329648039", "2334404775", "3121539865", "3124218611", "3125835082" ], "abstract": "this study assesses the influence of dual nationality on connectedness to the american polity specifically it examines whether first generation dual national latinos are less politically connected than their sole u s national counterparts we define political connectedness as the skills attitudes and behaviors that attach someone to the political system according to the traditional view on immigration and assimilation dual nationality should be associated with negative consequences for political integration conversely according to the transnational perspective multiple nationalities do not preclude and in fact may facilitate political assimilation and incorporation relying on data from the washington post henry j kaiser foundation harvard university national survey on latinos in america 1999 and the pew hispanic center kaiser family foundation 2002 national survey of latinos we investigate the influence of dual nationality on first generation latinos english language proficiency attitud", "title_raw": "Dual Nationality Among Latinos: What Are the Implications for Political Connectedness?", "abstract_raw": "This study assesses the influence of dual nationality on connectedness to the American polity. Specifically, it examines whether first-generation dual national Latinos are less politically connected than their sole U.S. national counterparts. We define political connectedness as the skills, attitudes, and behaviors that attach someone to the political system. According to the traditional view on immigration and assimilation, dual nationality should be associated with negative consequences for political integration. Conversely, according to the transnational perspective, multiple nationalities do not preclude, and in fact may facilitate, political assimilation and incorporation. Relying on data from The Washington Post/Henry J. Kaiser Foundation/Harvard University National Survey on Latinos in America (1999) and the Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation 2002 National Survey of Latinos, we investigate the influence of dual nationality on first-generation Latinos' English language proficiency, attitud..." }, { "paper": "2062593778", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2007", "title": "the politics of regional identity meddling with the mediterranean by m pace", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "618236424" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Regional Identity: Meddling with the Mediterranean \u2013 By M. Pace", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2036185137", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2007", "title": "book review for better or worse how political consultants are changing elections in the united states", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2640250400" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: For Better or Worse? How Political Consultants Are Changing Elections in the United States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3126140099", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2007", "title": "the military commissions act habeas corpus and the geneva conventions", "label": [ "203133693", "17319257", "2779100428", "199539241", "168263082", "2776154427", "38671928", "2776691199", "2778272461" ], "author": [ "2127408508" ], "reference": [ "49326680", "158059455", "170536216", "1870811213", "1882595936", "2272685553", "2795541881", "3122204430", "3122654586", "3123304489", "3124460581", "3146954009" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Military Commissions Act, Habeas Corpus, and the Geneva Conventions", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2014715550", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2007", "title": "get back to the lab", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "1974920718" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "asian research funding could soon eclipse european public and private spending on research and development r d says a new report released by the european union e u china could overtake the e u by 2009 in terms of r d spending as a percentage of gross domestic product the report says it", "title_raw": "Get Back to the Lab", "abstract_raw": "Asian research funding could soon eclipse European public and private spending on research and development (R&D), says a new report released by the European Union (E.U.). China could overtake the E.U. by 2009 in terms of R&D spending as a percentage of gross domestic product, the report says. It" }, { "paper": "2146142505", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2007", "title": "state of denial bush at war part iiiby bob woodward", "label": [ "199539241", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "590957896" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "State of Denial: Bush at War, Part IIIby Bob Woodward", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2369217688", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2007", "title": "the challenge of globalization in higher education germany within the bologna process from the perspective of an academic researcher", "label": [ "120912362", "45237549", "2779910751", "41866144", "39549134", "2119116" ], "author": [ "2642122936" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "bologna process is the european higher education reform plan which was put forward in 1999 by the 29 european ministers of culture science and education in bologna of italy it aims at the guarantee of quality of european higher education and the establishment of european area of higher education in order to confront the challenge of globalization in higher education and adapt to the ongoing transformation from industrialisation to a knowledge based society german universities take a series of reform measures to improve the teaching quality of higher education firstly universities have started to establish new systems of quality insurance and quality management and adapt strategies of new public management secondly universities restructure the whole curricular system and innovate the educational approach through the shift from a teachercentre to a student centre thirdly universities set down the academic staff teaching development program to stimulate academic staff teaching competence", "title_raw": "The challenge of globalization in higher education\u2014\u2014Germany within the \"Bologna Process\" from the perspective of an academic researcher", "abstract_raw": "\"Bologna Process\" is the European Higher Education Reform Plan which was put forward in 1999 by the 29 European ministers of culture,science and education in Bologna of Italy.It aims at the guarantee of quality of European higher education and the establishment of European Area of Higher Education.In order to confront the challenge of globalization in higher education and adapt to the ongoing transformation from industrialisation to a knowledge-based society.German universities take a series of reform measures to improve the teaching quality of higher education.Firstly,universities have started to establish new systems of quality insurance and quality management and adapt strategies of new public management.Secondly,universities restructure the whole curricular system,and innovate the educational approach through the shift from a teachercentre to a student centre.Thirdly,universities set down the academic staff teaching development program to stimulate academic staff teaching competence." }, { "paper": "2029940466", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2007", "title": "open access journal will publish first judge later", "label": [ "41458344", "147859227", "2777482740", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2145820538" ], "reference": [ "1991583420", "2041529270", "2043959243", "2087816145", "2160863260" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Open-access journal will publish first, judge later", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2034196766", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2008", "title": "the strategic implications of climate change", "label": [ "13367683", "203133693", "2779449393" ], "author": [ "2130260165" ], "reference": [ "606178141", "1528748012", "1604383411", "1998950601", "2000800001", "2017741412", "2040945899", "2076977109", "2105690224", "2119740767", "2129034749", "2154040214", "2165532966", "2230318316", "2345899238", "2964737178" ], "abstract": "climate change of the magnitude and time frames projected by the world s leading climate scientists poses fundamental questions of human security survival and the stability of nation states while state weakness and destabilising internal conflicts are a more likely outcome than inter state war climate change will be a stress multiplier for all nations and societies especially those already at risk from ethnic and religious conflicts economic weakness and environmental degradation prudence and sensible risk management suggest that policymakers need to take this issue far more seriously and strategic planners ought to include worst case climate change scenarios in their contingency planning as climate change is set to rank with terrorism pandemic diseases and major war as one of the principle challenges to security in the twenty first century", "title_raw": "The Strategic Implications of Climate Change", "abstract_raw": "Climate change of the magnitude and time frames projected by the world's leading climate scientists poses fundamental questions of human security, survival and the stability of nation states. While state weakness and destabilising internal conflicts are a more likely outcome than inter-state war, climate change will be a stress multiplier for all nations and societies, especially those already at risk from ethnic and religious conflicts, economic weakness and environmental degradation. Prudence and sensible risk management suggest that policymakers need to take this issue far more seriously. And strategic planners ought to include worst-case climate-change scenarios in their contingency planning, as climate change is set to rank with terrorism, pandemic diseases and major war as one of the principle challenges to security in the twenty-first century." }, { "paper": "2026715125", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2008", "title": "dyadic dimensions of armed conflict 1946 2007", "label": [ "148834064", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "114931181", "2162857208", "2006890218" ], "reference": [ "120415474", "290015845", "346027149", "353706611", "356169499", "360335043", "361908262", "374694754", "421800806", "422583639", "426662257", "560349830", "567838592", "570023276", "576663817", "577517986", "578428477", "582090635", "587724255", "587865457", "591707847", "598330781", "599400079", "599813769", "604292669", "612505665", "612900963", "613017732", "613543071", "614786421", "625201244", "632545405", "642272826", "646831521", "652798788", "655254952", "657432717", "657599369", "1484549148", "1499320718", "1500696251", "1512270934", "1518537696", "1520873327", "1539903039", "1571878648", "1575574905", "1580249070", "1585238928", "1605926047", "1969802084", "1973781625", "1984518838", "1987378401", "1988827379", "1996546974", "1998775042", "1998879154", "2007352806", "2008793245", "2012056851", "2014481539", "2016873410", "2018085439", "2018670484", "2028996014", "2030706183", "2033106530", "2034115254", "2036974312", "2044394245", "2047891653", "2048041484", "2048445602", "2049450366", "2050115060", "2050840601", "2053321314", "2059277825", "2064892666", "2066368979", "2079145954", "2081541298", "2081927231", "2085849858", "2087235028", "2096493995", "2097384824", "2101646115", "2104431072", "2104576109", "2107840167", "2108424059", "2109416587", "2123460877", "2123936727", "2128498671", "2132095533", "2146770930", "2159193342", "2165116841", "2166420806", "2166617059", "2169369312", "2169559279", "2313298912", "2315185980", "2319298411", "2323540418", "2329495740", "2332385163", "2506203943", "2594536731", "2596504615", "2795941754", "2796208721", "2796331401", "2800375061", "2915670034", "3018297240", "3044788172", "3122237999", "3142571153", "3188977783", "3204960614" ], "abstract": "in 2007 34 armed conflicts were active worldwide up by one from 2006 and by five from 2003 the year with the lowest number of active armed conflicts since the 1970s while the number of conflicts increased the number of wars i e conflicts with over 1 000 battle related deaths in a year dropped by one to four five of the conflicts from 2006 were no longer active in 2007 but during the year two previously recorded conflicts in mali and pakistan were restarted by new actors and two in angola and peru by previously recorded rebel groups for the first time since 2004 two new conflicts were recorded a conflict over governmental power in niger and a territorial conflict in drc a conflict may involve one or more dyads or pairs of warring parties in the 236 conflicts active since 1946 487 dyads have been recorded in the new ucdp dyadic dataset while most intrastate conflicts involve a single rebel group fighting the government in 30 of the conflicts two or more dyads were active simultaneously in 2002 and 2003 over 30 of the active conflicts involved more than one rebel group the number of active rebel groups and changes in the set of groups are important elements of the complexity of any armed conflict and the study of these aspects should be greatly facilitated with the new dataset by adding the dyadic dimension to the study of conflicts the analysis of a range of phenomena that have hardly been captured by previously available data is made possible", "title_raw": "Dyadic Dimensions of Armed Conflict, 1946\u20142007", "abstract_raw": "In 2007, 34 armed conflicts were active worldwide, up by one from 2006 and by five from 2003, the year with the lowest number of active armed conflicts since the 1970s. While the number of conflicts increased, the number of wars, i.e. conflicts with over 1,000 battle-related deaths in a year, dropped by one to four. Five of the conflicts from 2006 were no longer active in 2007, but during the year, two previously recorded conflicts (in Mali and Pakistan) were restarted by new actors and two (in Angola and Peru) by previously recorded rebel groups. For the first time since 2004, two new conflicts were recorded: a conflict over governmental power in Niger and a territorial conflict in DRC. A conflict may involve one or more dyads or pairs of warring parties. In the 236 conflicts active since 1946, 487 dyads have been recorded in the new UCDP Dyadic Dataset. While most intrastate conflicts involve a single rebel group fighting the government, in 30 of the conflicts two or more dyads were active simultaneously. In 2002 and 2003, over 30% of the active conflicts involved more than one rebel group. The number of active rebel groups and changes in the set of groups are important elements of the complexity of any armed conflict, and the study of these aspects should be greatly facilitated with the new dataset. By adding the dyadic dimension to the study of conflicts, the analysis of a range of phenomena that have hardly been captured by previously available data is made possible." }, { "paper": "1990880049", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2008", "title": "an ideal public relations master s curriculum expectations and status quo", "label": [ "145129785", "2776639384", "47177190", "2776748549", "143266803", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2647936376", "2159128838" ], "reference": [ "1974103539", "2011914511", "2018347882", "2067560684", "2091136227" ], "abstract": "abstract this study provides further endorsement for a cross disciplinary graduate public relations curriculum based on in depth interviews with leaders in industry and education and qualitative content analysis of university web sites it summarizes prior research studies that have tracked master s curricula since 1985 and concludes that although there is little curriculum consistency in place there is more vision and expectation on the part of leaders in the field for an ideal public relations master s curriculum", "title_raw": "An ideal public relations master's curriculum: Expectations and status Quo\u2606", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This study provides further endorsement for a cross-disciplinary graduate public relations curriculum based on in-depth interviews with leaders in industry and education and qualitative content analysis of university Web sites. It summarizes prior research studies that have tracked master's curricula since 1985 and concludes that although there is little curriculum consistency in place, there is more vision and expectation on the part of leaders in the field for an ideal public relations master's curriculum." }, { "paper": "2086393703", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "high profile journals not worth the trouble", "label": [ "41458344", "39549134", "151719136" ], "author": [ "2171866721" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "raff johnson and walter painful publishing letters 4 july p 36 1 make some excellent points about how peer reviewers for journals should conduct themselves there is a fine line between being too demanding by requiring a lot of extra work and making sure a paper with important results gets out to the scientific public in a timely way in my laboratory there is no pressure to publish in journals like science nature or cell because we simply do not send our manuscripts to them anymore no matter how important or high impact we think the work may be we have found that there is an excellent group of other first line journals of cell biology for which we do not need to subject ourselves to the type of competition required for publication in these three journals when i have served on peer review panels i have fought against the common practice of relating grant awards to publication in high profile journals such as science nature and cell it is the impact and importance of the work that matters thereby requiring the peer reviewers to read the applicant s papers quite thoroughly not where the work is published 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 321 5885 36a", "title_raw": "High-Profile Journals Not Worth the Trouble", "abstract_raw": "Raff, Johnson, and Walter (\u201cPainful publishing,\u201d Letters, 4 July, p. [36][1]) make some excellent points about how peer reviewers for journals should conduct themselves. There is a fine line between being too demanding by requiring a lot of extra work and making sure a paper with important results gets out to the scientific public in a timely way.\n\nIn my laboratory, there is no pressure to publish in journals like Science , Nature , or Cell because we simply do not send our manuscripts to them anymore, no matter how important or high-impact we think the work may be. We have found that there is an excellent group of other, first-line journals of cell biology for which we do not need to subject ourselves to the type of competition required for publication in these three journals.\n\nWhen I have served on peer-review panels, I have fought against the common practice of relating grant awards to publication in high-profile journals such as Science , Nature , and Cell . It is the impact and importance of the work that matters (thereby requiring the peer reviewers to read the applicant's papers quite thoroughly), not where the work is published.\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.321.5885.36a" }, { "paper": "2061638544", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2008", "title": "central european history and the european union the meaning of europe edited by s j kirschbaum", "label": [ "549326192" ], "author": [ "1890286027" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Central European History and the European Union: The Meaning of Europe \u2013 Edited by S.J. Kirschbaum", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "954476863", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2008", "title": "institutionalising leadership mayors in english local government", "label": [ "2778719706", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2135725895", "2129436331" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Institutionalising leadership: Mayors in English local government", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2060267271", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2008", "title": "doing good and doing well teaching research paper writing by unpacking the paper", "label": [ "47177190", "2777022483" ], "author": [ "1711129050" ], "reference": [ "90330642", "162354398", "280467655", "568754433", "585412757", "607790108", "1507559321", "1556952502", "1576173190", "1580074409", "1602472501", "1603971080", "1995742667", "2053428119", "2088511526", "2089880872", "2095188292", "2129069718", "2147264455", "2339641768", "2432544623", "2798645276", "2990634740", "2999990231", "3148423062" ], "abstract": "learning how to write a research paper is an important skill for political science majors and faculty can also benefit when their students develop their research paper writing talents few departments however teach these skills explicitly and many curricula seem to be based on the assumption that students will arrive at college with adequate basic writing skills several programs also suppose that a major will develop the ability to write a research paper through her experience with political science and other courses these expectations are faulty as most students are not proficient writers when they move to campus mcgrath 2004 ncwasc 2003 16 7 persky daane and jin 2003 20 1 and writing a research paper in political science is a specific skill set that must be developed scholes 1998 95 russell 2002 9 10 the approach i advocate here is to demystify the paper and the process for students by identifying and explaining the different parts of a typical paper introduction literature review model and hypothesis research design analysis and assessment and conclusion and showing how the paper writing process is broken into manageable tasks while faculty know the components of research papers most students have no idea what these sections should contain or what their titles mean in addition because revision and editing are essential general writing skills linked with the overall substantive learning process ncwasc 2003 1 9 maimon 2002 x i suggest that students submit their papers in pieces benefiting from feedback from faculty peers and themselves in this essay i unpack the parts of the paper and the writing process providing suggestions for teaching about these segments and integrating research paper writing skills into the curriculum", "title_raw": "Doing Good and Doing Well: Teaching Research-Paper Writing by Unpacking the Paper", "abstract_raw": "Learning how to write a research paper is an important skill for political science majors, and faculty can also benefit when their students develop their research-paper-writing talents. Few departments, however, teach these skills explicitly, and many curricula seem to be based on the assumption that students will arrive at college with adequate basic writing skills. Several programs also suppose that a major will develop the ability to write a research paper through her experience with political science and other courses. These expectations are faulty, as most students are not \u201cproficient\u201d writers when they move to campus (McGrath 2004 ; NCWASC 2003 , 16\u20137; Persky, Daane, and Jin 2003 , 20\u20131), and writing a research paper in political science is a specific skill set that must be developed (Scholes 1998 , 95; Russell 2002 , 9\u201310). The approach I advocate here is to demystify the paper and the process for students by identifying and explaining the different parts of a typical paper\u2014introduction, literature review, model and hypothesis, research design, analysis and assessment, and conclusion\u2014and showing how the paper-writing process is broken into manageable tasks. While faculty know the components of research papers, most students have no idea what these sections should contain or what their titles mean. In addition, because revision and editing are essential general writing skills linked with the overall substantive learning process (NCWASC 2003 , 1, 9; Maimon 2002 , x), I suggest that students submit their papers in pieces, benefiting from feedback from faculty, peers, and themselves. In this essay, I unpack the parts of the paper and the writing process, providing suggestions for teaching about these segments and integrating research-paper-writing skills into the curriculum." }, { "paper": "2049458575", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2008", "title": "candidate selection procedures in transitional polities a research note", "label": [ "83009810", "199539241", "17058734" ], "author": [ "2157230622", "13932383" ], "reference": [ "313040121", "352117691", "372025617", "592865623", "604741545", "616111694", "644198549", "1493605452", "1509383136", "1519820483", "1544834961", "1909964558", "1966544113", "1967654433", "1968733897", "1970855934", "1982981529", "1983684785", "1991576322", "1998464483", "1999096165", "2003350916", "2018972251", "2021407180", "2021420957", "2023263241", "2023667894", "2028592437", "2037425085", "2041393783", "2041765143", "2049142303", "2059942862", "2075852144", "2079535134", "2106433138", "2123193427", "2126568214", "2133454033", "2142100257", "2146164587", "2151263939", "2152800221", "2161779591", "2163710075", "2166587641", "2169103760", "2312407989", "2317680754", "2322375509", "2322839459", "2326538720", "2331490194", "2479493439", "2481225644", "2487130496", "2494779300", "2502865732", "2504902244", "2607194488", "2610752990", "2759365941", "2796266716", "2796674514", "2796890537", "2798227980", "2993628320", "3127488876" ], "abstract": "this research note summarizes initial research from a wider project on the determinants of candidate selection procedures it seeks to contribute to the growing literature on candidate selection by distinguishing transitional and institutionalized democracies first it provides a review of the existing literature with particular emphasis placed on identifying the existing hypotheses on the determinants of candidate selection procedures second it elucidates why transitional polities differently constrain the choice of legislative candidate selection procedures compared to institutionalized democracies third several hypotheses derived from the literature indicate that the barriers to adopting inclusive legislative candidate selection procedures are higher in transitional than in institutionalized democracies", "title_raw": "Candidate Selection Procedures in Transitional Polities: A Research Note", "abstract_raw": "This research note summarizes initial research from a wider project on the determinants of candidate selection procedures. It seeks to contribute to the growing literature on candidate selection by distinguishing transitional and institutionalized democracies. First, it provides a review of the existing literature, with particular emphasis placed on identifying the existing hypotheses on the determinants of candidate selection procedures. Second, it elucidates why transitional polities differently constrain the choice of legislative candidate selection procedures compared to institutionalized democracies. Third, several hypotheses derived from the literature indicate that the barriers to adopting inclusive legislative candidate selection procedures are higher in transitional than in institutionalized democracies." }, { "paper": "2002829966", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2008", "title": "if winning isn t everything why do they keep score consequences of electoral performance for party leaders", "label": [ "39549134", "2779760435", "148834064", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2106030450", "2624870846" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the premise that parties are fundamentally motivated by office seeking is common but surprisingly little attention has been paid to its empirical validity we approach this issue by analysing how parties respond to their electoral performance casting party leaders as the embodiment of their parties we then examine the degree to which the length of time party leaders retain their position hinges on their party s electoral success defined with reference both to the party s share of legislative seats and to its presence or absence in government our analyses centre on six parliamentary democracies in which the government is always formed by one of the two major parties either alone or in coalition with a minor party australia britain canada germany ireland and new zealand in the years from 1945 through 2000 results indicate that party leaders risk of removal hinges substantially on their party s seat share and or their party s presence in government more specifically we find that as the seat share of both major and minor parties increases the chance that the party leader will be removed decreases likewise if a major party loses its role in government the chance that the party leader will be removed increases dramatically although presence in government has no significant impact on the tenure in office of party leaders of minor parties the magnitude of the effect is indistinguishable from that for major parties beyond providing strong evidence that parties are at their core motivated by electoral performance we also estimate the magnitude of the electoral imperative at least as it pertains to party leaders", "title_raw": "If Winning Isn't Everything, Why Do They Keep Score? Consequences of Electoral Performance for Party Leaders", "abstract_raw": "The premise that parties are fundamentally motivated by office-seeking is common, but surprisingly little attention has been paid to its empirical validity. We approach this issue by analysing how parties respond to their electoral performance. Casting party leaders as the embodiment of their parties, we then examine the degree to which the length of time party leaders retain their position hinges on their party's electoral success, defined with reference both to the party's share of legislative seats and to its presence or absence in government. Our analyses centre on six parliamentary democracies in which the government is always formed by one of the two major parties either alone or in coalition with a minor party (Australia, Britain, Canada, Germany, Ireland and New Zealand) in the years from 1945 through 2000. Results indicate that party leaders' risk of removal hinges substantially on their party's seat share and/or their party's presence in government. More specifically, we find that as the seat share of both major and minor parties increases, the chance that the party leader will be removed decreases. Likewise, if a major party loses its role in government, the chance that the party leader will be removed increases dramatically. Although presence in government has no significant impact on the tenure in office of party leaders of minor parties, the magnitude of the effect is indistinguishable from that for major parties. Beyond providing strong evidence that parties are at their core motivated by electoral performance, we also estimate the magnitude of the electoral imperative, at least as it pertains to party leaders." }, { "paper": "2077259109", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2008", "title": "violence conflict and world order critical conversations on state sanctioned justice", "label": [ "2776398702", "2775952369", "187155963" ], "author": [ "2014797883" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Violence, Conflict, and World Order: Critical Conversations on State-Sanctioned Justice", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2121806968", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2008", "title": "is science really undergoing globalization", "label": [ "2119116" ], "author": [ "2124506577" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Is science really undergoing globalization", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2013636896", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "dream teams to tackle cancer", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2103242674" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the london based charity cancer research uk cruk has begun appointing scientist dream teams to collaborate with pharmaceutical companies on emerging cancer therapies the handpicked teams will include up to five experts from different fields and will receive 1 million over 2 years after which cruk hopes industrial partners will take the therapies to market cruk announced this week that its first team led by nicol keith of the university of glasgow will focus on cell senescence the mechanism by which aging cells stop dividing although the group includes only u k researchers cruk says future teams will enlist scientists from around the world and tackle topics such as cancer stem cells and chromatin modification the goal says cruk s simon youlton is to fill the gap between what s coming out of academic research and what s being pursued by the pharmaceutical companies", "title_raw": "Dream Teams to Tackle Cancer", "abstract_raw": "The London-based charity Cancer Research UK (CRUK) has begun appointing scientist \u201cdream teams\u201d to collaborate with pharmaceutical companies on emerging cancer therapies. The handpicked teams will include up to five experts from different fields and will receive $1 million over 2 years, after which CRUK hopes industrial partners will take the therapies to market.\n\nCRUK announced this week that its first team, led by Nicol Keith of the University of Glasgow, will focus on cell senescence, the mechanism by which aging cells stop dividing. Although the group includes only U.K. researchers, CRUK says future teams will enlist scientists from around the world and tackle topics such as cancer stem cells and chromatin modification. The goal, says CRUK's Simon Youlton, is to fill the gap between \u201cwhat's coming out of academic research and what's being pursued by the pharmaceutical companies.\u201d" }, { "paper": "2111766652", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2008", "title": "owning the issue agenda party strategies and vote choices in british elections", "label": [ "158071213", "94625758", "59742305", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2133812969", "2104913172" ], "reference": [ "40764942", "367603454", "570434377", "594246993", "612409120", "628052711", "637182638", "1515250898", "1515424492", "1543446303", "1594936623", "1977825494", "1978024708", "1986357737", "1987254383", "1987658775", "1990262832", "1996745368", "1997669826", "2002039268", "2017184608", "2021291089", "2033035449", "2047765274", "2062411881", "2092298252", "2092685438", "2095102338", "2101241481", "2101823332", "2104776366", "2105621482", "2113671499", "2117716370", "2117896540", "2130510635", "2133204953", "2135804127", "2145358148", "2147973579", "2150796138", "2153222072", "2157465753", "2159643853", "2168333187", "2313814871", "2319951792", "2476002651", "2483625231", "2487818666", "2907147533", "2915444775" ], "abstract": "explanations of party competition and vote choice are commonly based on the downsian view of politics parties maximise votes by adopting positions on policy dimensions however recent research suggests that british voters choose parties based on evaluations of competence rather than on ideological position this paper proposes a theoretical account which combines elements of the spatial model with the issue ownership approach whereas the issue ownership theory has focused mainly on party competition this paper examines the validity of the model from the perspective of both parties and voters by testing its application to recent british general elections our findings suggest that as parties have converged ideologically competence considerations have become more important than ideological position in british elections", "title_raw": "Owning the issue agenda: Party strategies and vote choices in British elections", "abstract_raw": "Explanations of party competition and vote choice are commonly based on the Downsian view of politics: parties maximise votes by adopting positions on policy dimensions. However, recent research suggests that British voters choose parties based on evaluations of competence rather than on ideological position. This paper proposes a theoretical account which combines elements of the spatial model with the \u2018issue ownership\u2019 approach. Whereas the issue ownership theory has focused mainly on party competition, this paper examines the validity of the model from the perspective of both parties and voters, by testing its application to recent British general elections. Our findings suggest that as parties have converged ideologically, competence considerations have become more important than ideological position in British elections." }, { "paper": "2132629271", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2008", "title": "a strategy for fighting international islamist terrorists", "label": [ "2776639384", "199539241", "2776876785", "2777113924", "2778449503" ], "author": [ "2167695120" ], "reference": [ "572375535", "2015116983", "2171632748", "2273206158", "2977497654" ], "abstract": "the u s strategy for combating international islamist terrorists must be based on an understanding of the terrorists behavior and the process of radicalization to violence this process includes four dimensions a sense of moral outrage interpreted in a specific way which resonates with one s personal experiences and is channeled through group dynamics both face to face and online the threat has evolved over the past decade the process of radicalization continues in a hostile physical environment but it is enabled by the internet resulting in a disconnected decentralized social structure the threat of this leaderless jihad is self limiting because of its confining structure and the lack of appeal of its utopian ideal it will probably fade away for internal reasons if not sustained by overly aggressive tactics construed as a war on islam the appropriate strategy against this threat is to contain and neutralize the radicalization process along its four dimensions", "title_raw": "A Strategy for Fighting International Islamist Terrorists", "abstract_raw": "The U.S. strategy for combating international Islamist terrorists must be based on an understanding of the terrorists' behavior and the process of radicalization to violence. This process includes four dimensions: a sense of moral outrage, interpreted in a specific way, which resonates with one's personal experiences, and is channeled through group dynamics, both face-to-face and online. The threat has evolved over the past decade. The process of radicalization continues in a hostile physical environment, but it is enabled by the Internet, resulting in a disconnected, decentralized social structure. The threat of this \u201cleaderless jihad\u201d is self-limiting because of its confining structure and the lack of appeal of its utopian ideal. It will probably fade away for internal reasons, if not sustained by overly aggressive tactics construed as a \u201cwar on Islam.\u201d The appropriate strategy against this threat is to contain and neutralize the radicalization process along its four dimensions." }, { "paper": "2063320839", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2008", "title": "from science to policy through transdisciplinary research", "label": [ "39549134", "121426985", "513891491" ], "author": [ "2145231388" ], "reference": [ "118507523", "157440329", "354819299", "609133698", "641538729", "644564785", "1260460050", "1489456249", "1493113839", "1971670344", "1973952109", "1989682350", "2002520967", "2011750252", "2011855658", "2014201378", "2015271620", "2048002078", "2057164703", "2060588615", "2080153431", "2092045572", "2094850459", "2115266874", "2117587594", "2124611226", "2126507177", "2130463305", "2145478386", "2146322922", "2152049779", "2154468733", "2163600275", "2170671962", "2181982272", "2191127471", "2285487714", "2333909909", "2337588881", "2486291793", "2488379509", "2493752877", "2496513574", "2588530932", "2599195183", "2601702774", "2602907141", "2603083117", "2886989860", "3011962968" ], "abstract": "abstract is transdisciplinary research a useful means of bridging science and policy and does transdisciplinarity go beyond informing public agencies the private sector or civil society of the results of research the interacting policy cultures serve as a framework for studying transdisciplinary projects funded by two environmental research programs the swiss priority program environment sppe and the swedish foundation for strategic environmental research mistra two types of projects are distinguished researchers in projects of the first type reorganize knowledge according to the perceived interest of the audience transdisciplinary research of this type requires a clearly defined audience culture researchers in projects of the second type initiate a co production of knowledge during which the different policy cultures interact transdisciplinary research of type two is appropriate for policies that have to be developed using a collective process involving multiple policy cultures", "title_raw": "From science to policy through transdisciplinary research", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Is transdisciplinary research a useful means of bridging science and policy? And does transdisciplinarity go beyond informing public agencies, the private sector, or civil society of the results of research? The interacting policy cultures serve as a framework for studying transdisciplinary projects funded by two environmental research programs, the Swiss Priority Program Environment (SPPE) and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research (MISTRA). Two types of projects are distinguished. Researchers in projects of the first type reorganize knowledge according to the (perceived) interest of the audience. Transdisciplinary research of this type requires a clearly defined audience culture. Researchers in projects of the second type initiate a co-production of knowledge during which the different policy cultures interact. Transdisciplinary research of type two is appropriate for policies that have to be developed using a collective process involving multiple policy cultures." }, { "paper": "2136326909", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2008", "title": "widening the protection gap the politics of citizenship for palestinian refugees in lebanon 1948 2008", "label": [ "2780781376", "2780446542", "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2099384264" ], "reference": [ "1979087427", "1980887381", "1981575426", "1988181399", "1988258115", "1990899622", "1998163014", "2007801325", "2008246156", "2020585864", "2027196808", "2050051021", "2071109353", "2071626005", "2082722281", "2087970817", "2090314063", "2097864233", "2101969890", "2116033428", "2131860512", "2136395444" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Widening the Protection Gap: The \u2018Politics of Citizenship\u2019 for Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon, 1948\u20132008", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2097513936", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2008", "title": "humanitarian relief and civil conflict", "label": [ "521897407", "2778589402", "81631423", "2776594853", "2777234649" ], "author": [ "1989024928", "2031924815" ], "reference": [ "170486074", "561739174", "1500074514", "1518085768", "1554331271", "1575812287", "1578381655", "1580469559", "1969482852", "1974511229", "1975402671", "1989671825", "1999080347", "2017626515", "2041093929", "2042843951", "2080539580", "2084910120", "2106639360", "2118657511", "2120766835", "2124762392", "2156014881", "2157755839", "2221592342", "2241651959", "2316424545", "2567257212", "3112439563", "3124023069", "3124576488", "3125177659", "3125269966" ], "abstract": "the authors examine the effects that famine relief efforts food aid can have in regions undergoing civil war in the model warlords seize a fraction of all aid entering the region how much they can loot affects their choice of army size therefore the manner in which aid is delivered influences warfare the authors identify a delivery plan for aid that minimizes total recruitment in equilibrium", "title_raw": "Humanitarian Relief and Civil Conflict", "abstract_raw": "The authors examine the effects that famine relief efforts (food aid) can have in regions undergoing civil war. In the model, warlords seize a fraction of all aid entering the region. How much they can loot affects their choice of army size; therefore the manner in which aid is delivered influences warfare. The authors identify a delivery plan for aid that minimizes total recruitment in equilibrium." }, { "paper": "2002817311", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "open letter to senator rita levi montalcini", "label": [ "38377331", "2779322186", "41458344", "199539241", "148834064", "83009810", "2780899237" ], "author": [ "2668353595", "3176266266", "2089121404" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "we are a group of researchers 1 1 we write this letter to you with the utmost respect and gratitude for what you have done and still do for research in italy we appreciated all the statements of intent of the past governments as well as the current one more money for research transparent competitions and the like but all this never went beyond mere words professor in italy there are 60 000 university researchers with temporary contracts this is no marginal phenomenon we make up 50 of the university labor force figure 2 researchers protest in rome 2005 almost 100 000 participants protested the lack of concrete actions taken by the senate to improve the conditions of research in italy and to reduce the use of temporary contracts for researchers credit andrew medichini ap photo unfortunately the situation is no better in research agencies we do research work lecture supervise students writing graduation theses publish articles attend congresses and draw up appeals for funds in which our names do not even appear we work at least as much as long term employees but we do not have the same rights in italy there are only a few open competitions and even worse they often look like farces the name of the winner is known even before the call for expression of interest is issued meritocracy in italy is an empty word seldom translated into reality fast university careers are only for the chosen ones or the descendants of families traditionally connected with the university everybody knows that it takes good opportunities to improve one s skills but opportunities are not for everyone according to their merits and the situation is even worse for women as we strive to defeat cancer discover new molecules and genes develop new software support an ever changing culture and identify new ways to teach and learn remember that achieving these goals is partly due to the work of university researchers with temporary contracts who have worked for years hoping to finally obtain a job that would give them economic stability and freedom university researchers with temporary contracts are not free they have to make compromises or their contracts won t be renewed they have to withdraw from open competitions to let a chosen one be hired they have to accept that their data are published without their names among the coauthors they do all this to survive we will be a generation of pensioners without a pension then maybe the state will take care of us for many years many people and governments forgot all about us researchers who are now 30 40 45 years old still have temporary contracts and may now be too old for a long term contract as university researchers many among us have had a temporary contract for 10 to 15 years they have had many different kinds of short term contracts and their work has been evaluated every year before their contract could be renewed we wonder what else we have to endure before we are considered suitable for a long term contract professor with your usual strength of mind you will certainly be able to pass on the message that the university in italy can be saved only if this problem is solved thank you in advance for your understanding and support 1 1 3 this letter has been signed by 776 researchers with temporary contracts in italy or abroad the complete list is available as supporting online material at www sciencemag org cgi content full 319 5870 1615b dc1 4 response article title 2 i am well aware of the precarious situation in italy regarding researchers with temporary employment contracts during the approval of italy s 2008 budget i supported measures to stabilize employment for those working under temporary contracts although the government was not able to invest heavily in this expenditure the budget law did allocate funds to reduce unsteady employment i hope the new government will be able to ameliorate this long standing problem and i also assure my continued support during the next legislature 1 ref 1 2 pending yes 3 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 4 http www sciencemag org cgi content full 319 5870 1615b dc1", "title_raw": "Open letter to Senator Rita Levi-Montalcini.", "abstract_raw": "We are a group of researchers ([1][1]). We write this Letter to you with the utmost respect and gratitude for what you have done and still do for research in Italy. We appreciated all the statements of intent of the past governments as well as the current one: more money for research, transparent competitions, and the like. But all this never went beyond mere words.\n\nProfessor, in Italy there are 60,000 university researchers with temporary contracts! This is no \u201cmarginal phenomenon\u201d\u2014we make up 50% of the university labor force.\n\n![Figure][2] \n\nResearchers protest in Rome, 2005. \nAlmost 100,000 participants protested the lack of concrete actions taken by the Senate to improve the conditions of research in Italy and to reduce the use of temporary contracts for researchers.\n\nCREDIT: ANDREW MEDICHINI/AP PHOTO\n\nUnfortunately, the situation is no better in research agencies. We do research work, lecture, supervise students writing graduation theses, publish articles, attend congresses, and draw up appeals for funds (in which our names do not even appear).\n\nWe work at least as much as long-term employees but we do not have the same rights. In Italy there are only a few open competitions, and, even worse, they often look like farces: The name of the winner is known even before the call for expression of interest is issued! Meritocracy in Italy is an empty word seldom translated into reality. Fast university careers are only for the chosen ones or the descendants of families traditionally connected with the university. Everybody knows that it takes good opportunities to improve one's skills, but opportunities are not for everyone according to their merits. And the situation is even worse for women.\n\nAs we strive to defeat cancer, discover new molecules and genes, develop new software, support an ever-changing culture, and identify new ways to teach and learn, remember that achieving these goals is partly due to the work of university researchers with temporary contracts, who have worked for years hoping to finally obtain a job that would give them economic stability and freedom.\n\nUniversity researchers with temporary contracts are not free. They have to make compromises or their contracts won't be renewed; they have to withdraw from open competitions to let a \u201cchosen one\u201d be hired; they have to accept that their data are published without their names among the coauthors. They do all this to survive. We will be a generation of pensioners without a pension. Then, maybe, the state will take care of us. For many years, many people (and governments) forgot all about us. Researchers who are now 30, 40, 45 years old still have temporary contracts and may now be too old for a long-term contract as university researchers. Many among us have had a temporary contract for 10 to 15 years; they have had many different kinds of short-term contracts and their work has been evaluated every year before their contract could be renewed. We wonder what else we have to endure before we are considered suitable for a long-term contract.\n\nProfessor, with your usual strength of mind you will certainly be able to pass on the message that the university in Italy can be saved only if this problem is solved.\n\nThank you in advance for your understanding and support.\n\n1. 1.[\u21b5][3] This Letter has been signed by 776 researchers with temporary contracts in Italy or abroad. The complete list is available as Supporting Online Material at [www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/319/5870/1615b/DC1][4].\n \n\n# Response {#article-title-2}\n\nI am well aware of the precarious situation in Italy regarding researchers with temporary employment contracts. During the approval of Italy's 2008 Budget, I supported measures to stabilize employment for those working under temporary contracts. Although the government was not able to invest heavily in this expenditure, the Budget Law did allocate funds to reduce unsteady employment.\n\nI hope the new government will be able to ameliorate this long-standing problem, and I also assure my continued support during the next legislature.\n\n [1]: #ref-1\n [2]: pending:yes\n [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1. in text\"\n [4]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/319/5870/1615b/DC1" }, { "paper": "1976024682", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2008", "title": "acquisition and loss of nationality policies and trends in 15 european countries two volumes edited by r baubock e ersboll k groenendijk and h waldrauch", "label": [ "2777138209" ], "author": [ "2275129779" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Acquisition and Loss of Nationality: Policies and Trends in 15 European Countries (two volumes) \u2013 Edited by R. Baub\u00f6ck, E. Ersb\u00f8ll, K. Groenendijk and H. Waldrauch", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2071170708", "venue": "107737141", "year": "2008", "title": "when the press fails political power and the news media from iraq to katrina by w lance bennett regina g lawrence steven livingston", "label": [ "94625758", "2776051254", "529147693" ], "author": [ "45084721" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "When the press fails: Political power and the news media from Iraq to Katrina \u2010 by W. Lance Bennett, Regina G. Lawrence, & Steven Livingston", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2089328329", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2008", "title": "america after the elections a strategy of conservation", "label": [ "94625758", "2776051254", "54726253", "2776398702", "172002799", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2566799416" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the inter state system of politics economics and security is under stress the well being and security of states and individuals is eroding as a combination of factors reduces the state s ability to meet its social compact with citizens yet over the past decade washington has come to assume the effective functioning of the system rather than retaining it as an end of american grand strategy us policymakers do not fully appreciate how a changing international system is eroding the united states security and its way of life the overarching strategic challenge facing the united states is to revitalise the international system so that the nation can conserve its strength and power even as the global environment shifts it demands a strategy of conservation it must simultaneously address the chronic weakening of many states and the growing aspiration and activism of others emerging from the ranks of middle powers along with the apparent inability of the current international system to deliver suffici", "title_raw": "America after the Elections: A Strategy of Conservation", "abstract_raw": "The inter-state system of politics, economics and security is under stress. The well-being and security of states and individuals is eroding as a combination of factors reduces the state's ability to meet its social compact with citizens. Yet over the past decade, Washington has come to assume the effective functioning of the system rather than retaining it as an end of American grand strategy. US policymakers do not fully appreciate how a changing international system is eroding the United States\u2019 security and its way of life. The overarching strategic challenge facing the United States is to revitalise the international system so that the nation can conserve its strength and power even as the global environment shifts. It demands a strategy of conservation. It must simultaneously address the chronic weakening of many states and the growing aspiration and activism of others emerging from the ranks of \u2018middle powers\u2019, along with the apparent inability of the current international system to deliver suffici..." }, { "paper": "2024537649", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2008", "title": "pathways from september 11 politics policy and state sovereignty in an age of terror", "label": [ "3116431", "109986646", "94625758", "111141941", "203133693", "2777672627", "134698397", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2736042722" ], "reference": [ "1494650375", "2097710223", "2170955720", "2942570096" ], "abstract": "my nascent book project seeks to identify and assess the effectiveness of european state strategies since september 11 2001 to navigate the policy contradictions raised by the securitization of immigration framing my research is a nearly universal dilemma for politics and policy in a post september 11 international and domestic security environment is the liberal state s traditional role as the guarantor of the physical safety of its citizens reconcilable with its pursuit of expansive immigration policies and inclusive immigrant incorporation policies while i cannot answer this question definitively i hope to illuminate the broad parameters of states policy making freedom under the unfavorable domestic and transnational security conditions within europe and by extension other advanced industrial democracies including the united states although not an entirely new phenomenon the conflation of immigration with international terrorism and the framing of immigrants as societal enemies faist 2002 tsoukala 2005 in political discourse across post september 11 europe have brought the challenge of reconciling the contradictions embedded within what had been a fairly stable immigration policy equilibrium during most of the post wwii period this policy equilibrium was comprised of three discreet dimensions economic securing an adequate and appropriate supply of foreign workers societal successfully incorporating immigrants into the host societies and facilitating good social relations with native populations and physical safety safeguarding europe s external borders and deterring transnational crime indeed until september 11 european political elites were more or less secure in assuming that each of the dimensions of contemporary immigration policy labor immigration policy immigrant incorporation policy and border control policy could be formulated and implemented in relative isolation that is decisions on one policy dimension did not much intersect or circumscribe decisions made along others with the inclusion of immigration related issues in a new european security continuum aradau 2001 however the veracity of this premise has been challenged specifically terrorism now suggests that the liberal state s commitment to expansive immigration and generous immigrant incorporation policies possibly conflict with its core responsibility to safeguard the physical safety of its citizens against this backdrop my project poses a central research question what are the broad implications of the securitization of immigration for the capacity of individual states to pursue coherent and self interested immigration and immigrant policies messina 2007 embedded within this question are five interrelated puzzles 1 why has the securitization of immigration affected the three dimensions of the immigration policy equilibrium unevenly 2 why has the securitization of immigration influenced the course of domestic politics more profoundly in some major countries than others 3 why have the major immigration receiving states responded differently to the challenges posed by securitization of immigration 4 why has the degree to which immigration has been securitized fluctuated within some countries 5 why have immigration issues become securitized at the eu level one of my working hypotheses is that the capacity of european states to pursue coherent and self interested policies while challenged by september 11 and its aftershocks has not been severely compromised this said depending upon national historical experiences and domestically based political assets and factors they appear to retain different capacities to reconcile the contradictions posed by the three dimensions of immigration in a post september 11 environment among the aforementioned historical experiences i hypothesize is a state s pre september 11 experience with and policy responses to domestic terrorism macleod 2006 schain 2007 as currently conceived the book will include chapters on the major and direct impacts that post september 11 security related events have had on national and eu immigration and immigrant policy regimes the political as opposed to the policy responses of a select number of european governments to the securitization of immigration the pre and post september 11 patterns i e liberal illiberal inclusive exclusive etc of european political elite opinion the post september 11 trajectory of european public opinion on key issues pertaining to immigration and immigrant incorporation and the influence of extra governmental actors and especially extreme right political parties on domestic politics and policy before and after september 11 the project departs from previous scholarship on the securitization of immigration and its public policy implications in at least three respects first it is not centrally concerned with the motives driving contemporary state immigration policies rudolph 2006 or the effects of the securitization of immigration on settled immigrant groups second it will juxtapose the respective trajectories of elite and public opinion on immigration related issues over time a few works excepted previous scholarship has focused on trends in either elite or public opinion or alternatively it has been limited to only a couple of points in recent time finally it will carefully scrutinize the validity of the widely disseminated but hitherto empirically unsubstantiated supposition that immigration politics and policies in europe have been fundamentally altered by the focusing event of september 11 levy 2005", "title_raw": "Pathways from September 11: Politics, Policy, and State Sovereignty in an Age of Terror", "abstract_raw": "My nascent book project seeks to identify and assess the effectiveness of European state strategies since September 11, 2001, to navigate the policy contradictions raised by the securitization of immigration. Framing my research is a nearly universal dilemma for politics and policy in a post-September 11 international and domestic security environment: Is the liberal state\u2019s traditional role as the guarantor of the physical safety of its citizens reconcilable with its pursuit of expansive immigration policies and inclusive immigrant incorporation policies? While I cannot answer this question definitively, I hope to illuminate the broad parameters of states' policy making freedom under the unfavorable domestic and transnational security conditions within Europe and, by extension, other advanced industrial democracies including the United States. Although not an entirely new phenomenon, the conflation of immigration with international terrorism and the framing of immigrants as societal \u201cenemies\u201d (Faist 2002; Tsoukala 2005) in political discourse across post-September 11 Europe have brought the challenge of reconciling the contradictions embedded within what had been a fairly stable immigration policy equilibrium. During most of the post-WWII period, this policy equilibrium was comprised of three discreet dimensions: economic\u2014securing an adequate and appropriate supply of foreign workers; societal\u2014 successfully incorporating immigrants into the host societies and facilitating good social relations with native populations; and physical safety\u2014safeguarding Europe\u2019s external borders and deterring transnational crime. Indeed, until September 11, European political elites were more or less secure in assuming that each of the dimensions of contemporary immigration policy\u2014labor immigration policy, immigrant incorporation policy, and border control policy\u2014could be formulated and implemented in relative isolation; that is, decisions on one policy dimension did not much intersect or circumscribe decisions made along others. With the inclusion of immigration-related issues in a new European \u201csecurity continuum\u201d (Aradau 2001), however, the veracity of this premise has been challenged. Specifically, terrorism now suggests that the liberal state\u2019s commitment to expansive immigration and generous immigrant incorporation policies possibly conflict with its core responsibility to safeguard the physical safety of its citizens. Against this backdrop my project poses a central research question: What are the broad implications of the securitization of immigration for the capacity of individual states to pursue coherent and self-interested immigration and immigrant policies (Messina 2007)? Embedded within this question are five interrelated puzzles: (1) Why has the securitization of immigration affected the three dimensions of the immigration policy equilibrium unevenly? (2) Why has the securitization of immigration influenced the course of domestic politics more profoundly in some major countries than others? (3) Why have the major immigration-receiving states responded differently to the challenges posed by securitization of immigration? (4) Why has the degree to which immigration has been securitized fluctuated within some countries? (5) Why have immigration issues become securitized at the EU level? One of my working hypotheses is that the capacity of European states to pursue coherent and self-interested policies, while challenged by September 11 and its aftershocks, has not been severely compromised. This said, depending upon national historical experiences and domestically-based political assets and factors, they appear to retain different capacities to reconcile the contradictions posed by the three dimensions of immigration in a post-September 11 environment. Among the aforementioned historical experiences, I hypothesize, is a state\u2019s pre-September 11 experience with, and policy responses to, domestic terrorism (Macleod 2006; Schain 2007). As currently conceived, the book will include chapters on the major and direct impacts that post-September 11 security-related events have had on national and EU immigration and immigrant policy regimes; the political (as opposed to the policy) responses of a select number of European governments to the securitization of immigration; the pre and post-September 11 patterns (i.e., liberal/ illiberal, inclusive/exclusive, etc.) of European political elite opinion; the post-September 11 trajectory of European public opinion on key issues pertaining to immigration and immigrant incorporation; and the influence of extra-governmental actors, and especially extreme right political parties, on domestic politics and policy before and after September 11. The project departs from previous scholarship on the securitization of immigration and its public policy implications in at least three respects. First, it is not centrally concerned with the motives driving contemporary state immigration policies (Rudolph 2006) or the effects of the securitization of immigration on settled immigrant groups. Second, it will juxtapose the respective trajectories of elite and public opinion on immigration-related issues over time. A few works excepted, previous scholarship has focused on trends in either elite or public opinion or, alternatively, it has been limited to only a couple of points in recent time. Finally, it will carefully scrutinize the validity of the widely-disseminated, but hitherto empirically unsubstantiated, supposition that immigration politics and policies in Europe have been fundamentally altered by the \u201cfocusing event\u201d of September 11 (Levy 2005)." }, { "paper": "2038904030", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2008", "title": "the european union and international development the politics of foreign aid by m carbone", "label": [ "44394981", "87616379", "549326192", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1991075175" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The European Union and International Development: The Politics of Foreign Aid \u2013 By M. Carbone", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2084979055", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2008", "title": "does the european union eu need a propaganda watchdog like the us institute of propaganda analysis to strengthen its democratic civil society and free markets", "label": [ "3116431", "2776932993", "186764553", "555826173", "513891491", "109986646", "111439079" ], "author": [ "1979133920", "2159921580" ], "reference": [ "112859681", "409479995", "625269655", "627840010", "629408232", "642749258", "1485938413", "1485977648", "1536111195", "1568492423", "1573746468", "1578481748", "1579922874", "1598727217", "1604037214", "1842840038", "1972405723", "1976688845", "2002616408", "2013403310", "2021222337", "2023945620", "2057018337", "2076758314", "2090396490", "2118242597", "2150353744", "2151944831", "2173766342", "2320071305", "2478687585", "2502220039", "2506251519", "2589078876", "2602689365", "2985476163", "2987930184", "3202075745" ], "abstract": "abstract this article 1 addresses a paradox in the public communications of liberal democracies and suggests an easement of the social tensions created by it communication by public relations pr is an unavoidable consequence of such democracies yet pr produces communicative inequalities which offend the egalitarian and libertarian ethos of their civil societies and freely accessed markets pr in this way renders itself into weak propaganda historically and currently more available to principals rather than to subalterns this is a conclusion most pr academics and practitioners reject the former also distance themselves from persuasion and in their attachment to communicative symmetry they have ironically weakened the role of ethics in pr production we seek to restore propaganda persuasion and ethics to the centre of pr thinking our restoration begins with the establishment of propaganda detectors and regulators in the eu we call them institutes for propaganda analysis after the example of the american institute for propaganda analysis 1937 1942 these whistleblowers will measure the flows of pr propaganda amongst organisations and groups in the political economy and civil society and counter intuitively will provide pr resource subsidies for those wanting to be heard in public via a pr voice but who lack the capacity to produce it in this way a minimal communicative equality of pr production capacity will be created and european citizens and consumers given a more level playing field of information sources pr propaganda is constitutive of liberal democracy their civil societies and of capitalist markets but it needs reformation in the interests of equality of communication resources this is a worthy and legitimate public policy goal to work towards", "title_raw": "Does the European Union (EU) need a propaganda watchdog like the US Institute of Propaganda Analysis to strengthen its democratic civil society and free markets", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This article 1 addresses a paradox in the public communications of liberal democracies and suggests an easement of the social tensions created by it. Communication by public relations (PR) is an unavoidable consequence of such democracies, yet PR produces communicative inequalities, which offend the egalitarian and libertarian ethos of their civil societies and freely accessed markets. PR in this way renders itself into weak propaganda: historically and currently more available to principals rather than to subalterns. This is a conclusion most PR academics and practitioners reject. The former also distance themselves from persuasion and in their attachment to communicative symmetry they have ironically weakened the role of ethics in PR production. We seek to restore propaganda, persuasion and ethics to the centre of PR thinking. Our restoration begins with the establishment of propaganda detectors and regulators in the EU. We call them institutes for propaganda analysis after the example of the American Institute for Propaganda Analysis 1937\u20131942. These whistleblowers will measure the flows of PR propaganda amongst organisations and groups in the political economy and civil society; and counter-intuitively, will provide PR resource subsidies for those wanting to be heard in public via a PR \u2018voice\u2019 but who lack the capacity to produce it. In this way, a minimal communicative equality of PR production capacity will be created and European citizens and consumers given a more level playing field of information sources. PR propaganda is constitutive of liberal democracy, their civil societies and of capitalist markets but it needs reformation in the interests of equality of communication resources. This is a worthy and legitimate public policy goal to work towards." }, { "paper": "26182236", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2008", "title": "lowe vaughan international law", "label": [ "199539241", "55447825" ], "author": [ "2509117490" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Lowe, Vaughan. International Law", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2021359221", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "censorship rules slow to come", "label": [ "52930066", "199539241" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Censorship Rules Slow to Come", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1489961552", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "dutch revise policy blocking iranian students", "label": [ "39549134", "2779392107", "70036468", "194110935", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2232726435" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "nonproliferation the dutch government this week backed away from an antiterrorism policy that had led one university to reject applications from iranian students and triggered a loud protest among academics but researchers complain that the revised policy will still make it hard for iranian scholars and students to study in the netherlands and they fear that such policies could spread throughout europe the original policy was the government s attempt to implement a 2006 united nations resolution that asks all nations to prevent specialized teaching or training of iranian nationals in disciplines which would contribute to iran s proliferation of sensitive nuclear activities and development of nuclear weapon delivery systems last fall the dutch education and foreign affairs ministers told all universities to exercise vigilance in admitting iranian students in december the university of twente in enschede announced that it would no longer accept iranian students because the dutch immigration and naturalization service ins had asked for a guarantee that iranians on campus would not gain any sensitive knowledge officials at the eindhoven university of technology said they would consult dutch intelligence officials while considering iranian applicants for admission academics and students protested the new policy calling it overly broad and discriminatory their objections were heard this week twente officials said that ins has agreed to withdraw its demand for a guarantee and that the university would reopen its doors to iranians robert dekker a foreign ministry spokesperson says the government still intends to implement the u n resolution by barring iranian students from admission to certain fields students already enrolled face no such restrictions the ministries and the universities are discussing which studies might fall under the resolution dekker told science the exclusion could include degree programs that are not directly related to nuclear technology but involve sensitive topics he says mehmet aksit a software engineering professor at twente wor ries that the revised policy could toughen an already restrictive visa policy toward iranians although measures to stop nuclear proliferation are appropriate aksit says the netherlands should encourage intellectual exchanges with iran", "title_raw": "Dutch Revise Policy Blocking Iranian Students", "abstract_raw": "NONPROLIFERATION\nThe Dutch government this week backed away from an antiterrorism policy that had led one university to reject applications from Iranian students and triggered a loud protest among academics. But researchers complain that the revised policy will still make it hard for Iranian scholars and students to study in the Netherlands, and they fear that such policies could spread throughout Europe.\n\nThe original policy was the government's attempt to implement a 2006 United Nations resolution that asks all nations to \u201cprevent specialized teaching or training of Iranian nationals \u2026 [in] disciplines which would contribute to Iran's proliferation [of] sensitive nuclear activities and development of nuclear weapon delivery systems.\u201d Last fall, the Dutch education and foreign affairs ministers told all universities to exercise \u201cvigilance\u201d in admitting Iranian students. In December, the University of Twente in Enschede announced that it would no longer accept Iranian students because the Dutch Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) had asked for a guarantee that Iranians on campus would not gain any sensitive knowledge. Officials at the Eindhoven University of Technology said they would consult Dutch intelligence officials while considering Iranian applicants for admission.\n\nAcademics and students protested the new policy, calling it overly broad and discriminatory. Their objections were heard: This week, Twente officials said that INS has agreed to withdraw its demand for a guarantee and that the university would reopen its doors to Iranians. Robert Dekker, a foreign ministry spokesperson, says the government still intends to implement the U.N. resolution by barring Iranian students from admission to certain fields. (Students already enrolled face no such restrictions.) \u201cThe ministries and the universities are discussing which studies might fall under the resolution,\u201d Dekker told Science . The exclusion could include degree programs that are not directly related to nuclear technology but involve sensitive topics, he says.\n\nMehmet Aksit, a software engineering professor at Twente, wor ries that the revised policy could toughen an already restrictive visa policy toward Iranians. Although measures to stop nuclear proliferation are appropriate, Aksit says the Netherlands \u201cshould encourage intellectual exchanges with Iran.\u201d" }, { "paper": "1979591679", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2008", "title": "rural voters and the polarization of american presidential elections", "label": [ "2777874013", "197487636", "2776129789", "94625758", "555826173", "125505783", "59742305" ], "author": [ "2115424788" ], "reference": [ "605100541", "614415131", "617601153", "630269204", "641839906", "1481749143", "1534757324", "1541878161", "1579722186", "1590974787", "1594378426", "1607229936", "1992566543", "2010760416", "2011836317", "2017193357", "2020917353", "2028623329", "2028912616", "2045158782", "2047080701", "2052734159", "2067607615", "2070868102", "2077469421", "2078044484", "2078646629", "2085604190", "2102792121", "2109422551", "2126896061", "2135796387", "2137454793", "2326227370", "2519135638" ], "abstract": "in political science urban politics is a well established subfield and more recently suburban political behavior has received a fair amount of attention gainsborough 2001 2005 mckee and shaw 2003 oliver 2001 but with a few exceptions see francia and baumgartner 2005 2006 gimpel and karnes 2006 the political behavior of rural residents has been conspicuously absent thus far in a growing literature on the political role of place this is quite surprising given the clamoring in the popular press about red states versus blue states in the most recent presidential contests all of the post presidential election maps that highlight red republican counties and blue democratic counties display a sea of red covering the vast swaths of rural middle america the ocean of republican red is enough to make one ask what s the matter with kansas frank 2004 one of those thinly populated plains states with hardly a glimmer of blue on a county level map of the 2004 presidential election", "title_raw": "Rural voters and the polarization of American presidential elections", "abstract_raw": "In political science, urban politics is a well-established subfield. And more recently, suburban political behavior has received a fair amount of attention (Gainsborough 2001 ; 2005 ; McKee and Shaw 2003 ; Oliver 2001 ). But with a few exceptions (see Francia and Baumgartner 2005\u20132006 ; Gimpel and Karnes 2006 ), the political behavior of rural residents has been conspicuously absent thus far in a growing literature on the political role of place. This is quite surprising given the clamoring in the popular press about \u201cred states\u201d versus \u201cblue states\u201d in the most recent presidential contests. All of the post-presidential election maps that highlight red Republican counties and blue Democratic counties display a sea of red covering the vast swaths of rural, middle America. The ocean of Republican red is enough to make one ask: What's the Matter with Kansas? (Frank 2004 )\u2014one of those thinly populated plains states with hardly a glimmer of blue on a county-level map of the 2004 presidential election." }, { "paper": "1528924218", "venue": "9731383", "year": "2008", "title": "government and research thirty years of evolution m kogan m henkel s hanney springer dordrecht the netherlands 2006 247 p 71 50 isbn 978 1 4020 4444 1", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2219282504" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Government and Research: Thirty Years of Evolution, M. Kogan, M. Henkel, S. Hanney. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands (2006), 247 p., \u00a371.50, ISBN: 978-1-4020-4444-1", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2033860626", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2008", "title": "doing business in rural china liangshan s new ethnic entrepreneurs thomas heberer seattle university of washington press 2007 xii 268 pp 50 00 29 00 isbn 978 0 295 98729 3", "label": [ "191935318", "137403100" ], "author": [ "2676775559" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Doing Business in Rural China: Liangshan's New Ethnic Entrepreneurs . Thomas Heberer. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2007. xii + 268 pp. $50.00; \u00a329.00. ISBN 978-0-295-98729-3", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2043777604", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2008", "title": "the president as chief administrator james landis and the brownlow report", "label": [ "2777632292", "39549134", "2781243023", "39376844", "2779572086", "51575053", "2776154427", "2780889827", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2116709844" ], "reference": [ "1997946449" ], "abstract": "is the president the chief administrator this question has been at the heart of many of the great controversies that have defined us as a nation andrew jackson insisted that he was chief administrator when he ordered william duane secretary of the treasury to withdraw federal funds from the second national bank in jackson s campaign to destroy the bank and then fired him when he refused to comply but the senate vigorously rejected pres idential claims to control a discretion vested by law in the secretary of the treasury and it censured jackson for what it considered usurpations of power richard nixon created a large hierarchically organized white house staff to ensure his ability to dominate the federal bureaucracy but when henchman whose personal loyalty exceeded their prudence and law abidingness at tempted to enlist the federal bureau of investigation the internal revenue service and the central intelligence agency in schemes of partisan advance ment and obstruction of justice nixon found himself facing impeachment nixon s efforts to make himself the chief administrator were criticized as manifestations of an imperial presidency in the contemporary period pro ponents of executive power have been developing a theory of the unitary executive asserting that the vesting clause and take care clause in article ii of the constitution necessarily imply that the president is chief administrator 1 independently during the latter period david osborne and ted gaebler published reinventing government and initiated an administrative reform", "title_raw": "The President as Chief Administrator: James Landis and the Brownlow Report", "abstract_raw": "Is the president the chief administrator? This question has been at the heart of many of the great controversies that have defined us as a nation. Andrew Jackson insisted that he was chief administrator when he ordered William Duane, Secretary of the Treasury, to withdraw federal funds from the Second National Bank in Jackson's campaign to destroy the bank, and then fired him when he refused to comply; but the Senate vigorously rejected pres idential claims to control a discretion vested by law in the Secretary of the Treasury, and it censured Jackson for what it considered usurpations of power. Richard Nixon created a large, hierarchically organized White House staff to ensure his ability to dominate the federal bureaucracy, but when henchman whose personal loyalty exceeded their prudence and law-abidingness at tempted to enlist the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Internal Revenue Service, and the Central Intelligence Agency in schemes of partisan advance ment and obstruction of justice, Nixon found himself facing impeachment. Nixon's efforts to make himself the chief administrator were criticized as manifestations of an imperial presidency. In the contemporary period, pro ponents of executive power have been developing a theory of the unitary executive, asserting that the vesting clause and take care clause in Article II of the Constitution necessarily imply that the president is chief administrator.1 Independently, during the latter period, David Osborne and Ted Gaebler published Reinventing Government and initiated an administrative reform" }, { "paper": "2025210794", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2008", "title": "two hopes one faith and the future of american politics", "label": [ "522562087" ], "author": [ "2099549126" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Two Hopes, One Faith, and the Future of American Politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1534556921", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2008", "title": "military reform and the art of war", "label": [ "120302604", "3116431", "541409800", "503427281", "189326492", "519688237", "451841", "205960476", "544453697" ], "author": [ "2614511136" ], "reference": [ "2089477590", "2146212963", "2954842425" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Military reform and the art of war", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2568307457", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2008", "title": "war tales and war trials", "label": [ "193279874", "199539241", "204342414", "195064531" ], "author": [ "2671151336" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "War Tales and War Trials", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1974677337", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2008", "title": "party reputations journalistic expectations how issue ownership influences election news", "label": [ "538316197", "536738050", "199539241", "558299567", "2780668109", "197487636", "529147693", "201280247" ], "author": [ "2716151165" ], "reference": [ "562508101", "562849724", "588029223", "610650680", "622492749", "780714422", "1530904634", "1568955415", "1692053227", "1970178245", "1971569214", "1972566917", "1975812346", "1977999485", "1979324238", "1980471924", "1989464294", "1995998136", "1996745368", "2001938430", "2027431738", "2027451447", "2044180893", "2055835470", "2056759112", "2062403259", "2063744438", "2068964065", "2074318803", "2076898331", "2079955265", "2081629908", "2083319565", "2104496040", "2104763934", "2116514027", "2147959515", "2150957645", "2319951792", "2322912595", "2332281206", "2476663013", "2479563188" ], "abstract": "i argue that the issue handling reputations that underlie the theory of issue ownership affect the favorability of news coverage toward u s presidential candidates a large scale content analysis of newspaper coverage from the 1992 1996 and 2000 elections shows that candidates are covered more positively when the news focuses on issues their party owns than on opposition issues democrats benefit particularly from news about social welfare topics republicans meanwhile receive the most favorable coverage in defense and tax stories the differences are modest but consistent across the 3 election years the findings suggest that candidates have an additional incentive to focus on owned issues and that the news media play a role in perpetuating issue ownership", "title_raw": "Party Reputations, Journalistic Expectations: How Issue Ownership Influences Election News", "abstract_raw": "I argue that the issue-handling reputations that underlie the theory of \u201cissue ownership\u201d affect the favorability of news coverage toward U.S. presidential candidates. A large-scale content analysis of newspaper coverage from the 1992, 1996, and 2000 elections shows that candidates are covered more positively when the news focuses on issues their party \u201cowns\u201d than on \u201copposition\u201d issues. Democrats benefit particularly from news about social welfare topics. Republicans, meanwhile, receive the most favorable coverage in defense and tax stories. The differences are modest, but consistent, across the 3 election years. The findings suggest that candidates have an additional incentive to focus on owned issues and that the news media play a role in perpetuating issue ownership." }, { "paper": "1966630948", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2008", "title": "from the gap to the chasm gender and participation among non hispanic whites and mexican americans", "label": [ "203663800", "2777617010", "137403100", "2780274812", "94625758", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2046630277", "2274642341", "2291729336" ], "reference": [ "197888346", "600035170", "601424489", "609131716", "642212632", "1933815374", "1968049600", "1968521523", "1976337132", "1977575119", "1978891159", "1999712917", "2005598086", "2009660017", "2015427550", "2025579973", "2030398623", "2031340404", "2034006689", "2035534527", "2036997624", "2038318916", "2045231696", "2048727984", "2056379029", "2062290754", "2093368401", "2108916662", "2112942628", "2141961860", "2143546176", "2144236692", "2144956506", "2151840891", "2285541172", "2324652623", "2327909951", "2414120223", "2418060244", "2586666202", "3030419793", "3123634594" ], "abstract": "this article focuses on gender and ethnic inequalities in political participation across non hispanic whites and mexican americans using a mainstream model of participation the authors find that differences in the levels of resources motivations and opportunities effectively account for gender gaps within the two populations however this mainstream model leaves largely unexplained the chasm in participation across non hispanic whites and mexican americans the authors incorporate socialization experiences specific to mexican americans to identify the roots of participatory inequality across these groups differences in linguistic educational and general assimilation account for participatory differences across mexican americans and non hispanic whites equalizing these factors closes the chasm in participation", "title_raw": "From the Gap to the Chasm: Gender and Participation among Non-Hispanic Whites and Mexican Americans", "abstract_raw": "This article focuses on gender and ethnic inequalities in political participation across non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans. Using a mainstream model of participation, the authors find that differences in the levels of resources, motivations, and opportunities effectively account for gender gaps within the two populations. However, this mainstream model leaves largely unexplained the chasm in participation across non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans. The authors incorporate socialization experiences specific to Mexican Americans to identify the roots of participatory inequality across these groups. Differences in linguistic, educational, and general assimilation account for participatory differences across Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Equalizing these factors closes the chasm in participation." }, { "paper": "2141122689", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2008", "title": "governing with the charter legislative and judicial activism and framers intent james b kelly vancouver and toronto ubc press 2005 pp xii 336", "label": [ "3116431", "2777596936", "199539241", "81819989", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2146167309" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Governing with the Charter: Legislative and Judicial Activism and Framers' Intent , James B. Kelly, Vancouver and Toronto: UBC Press, 2005, pp. xii, 336.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2332132491", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2008", "title": "domestic service in post apartheid south africa deference and disdain", "label": [ "2780597233", "3116431" ], "author": [ "241591823" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Domestic Service in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Deference and Disdain:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1992053409", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2008", "title": "how russia really works the informal practices that shaped post soviet politics and business by alena v ledeneva ithaca ny cornell university press 2006 288p 59 95 cloth 22 95 paper understanding post soviet transitions corruption collusion and clientelism by christoph h stefes new york palgrave mcmillan 2006 224p 85 00", "label": [ "94625758", "2781035477", "201342494" ], "author": [ "2655499781" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Russia Really Works: The Informal Practices that Shaped Post-Soviet Politics and Business. By Alena V. Ledeneva. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006. 288p. $59.95 cloth, $22.95 paper.Understanding Post-Soviet Transitions: Corruption, Collusion and Clientelism. By Christoph H. Stefes. New York: Palgrave McMillan, 2006. 224p. $85.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1998634795", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2008", "title": "trade unions and workplace democracy in africa by gerard kester", "label": [ "2780039662" ], "author": [ "2016520186" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Trade Unions and Workplace Democracy in Africa, by G\u00e9rard Kester", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2036298972", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2008", "title": "introduction the political currency of the past history memory and identity", "label": [ "152192407", "148834064", "199539241", "94625758", "2781440851", "2778985074" ], "author": [ "2312782712" ], "reference": [ "584809620", "591789840", "607742820", "617187284", "617751419", "1522192854", "1588924953", "1986159329", "1995091619", "2026986747", "2065238239", "2067422571", "2145040035", "2151265558", "2482750707", "2978245090", "3048682234" ], "abstract": "of 2006 and the submission of the completed volume a writer editor was assassinated a dis tinguished scholar was hounded into exile a prime minister s resignation was hastened members of a parliament tried to impeach their president parliamentarians in several countries accused colleagues of treason the government of a member state created a diplomatic crisis at a crucial summit of the european union a gov ernment finally dismissed an indictment against one of its most distinguished citizens a current nobel laureate following wide spread international protests and the same government recalled its ambassador to a major ally to show displeasure with a committee vote in the latter s parliament several of the con tributors to this volume have received specific credible threats to their safety related to work on the subjects of their articles and another was shouted down at an academic forum by presumably highly educated and sophisticated attendees", "title_raw": "Introduction: The Political Currency of the Past: History, Memory, and Identity", "abstract_raw": "of 2006 and the submission of the completed volume, a writer/editor was assassinated; a dis tinguished scholar was hounded into exile; a prime minister's resignation was hastened; members of a parliament tried to impeach their president; parliamentarians in several countries accused colleagues of treason; the government of a member-state created a diplomatic crisis at a crucial summit of the European Union; a gov ernment finally dismissed an indictment against one of its most distinguished citizens? a current Nobel laureate?following wide spread international protests; and the same government recalled its ambassador to a major ally, to show displeasure with a committee vote in the latter's parliament. Several of the con tributors to this volume have received specific, credible threats to their safety, related to work on the subjects of their articles; and another was shouted down at an academic forum by presumably highly educated and sophisticated attendees." }, { "paper": "2091499298", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2008", "title": "editors note u s electoral politics", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "55210237", "2138267754", "314469951" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Editors' Note: U.S. Electoral Politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2108096627", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2008", "title": "trajectories of european politics an introduction", "label": [ "45184978", "90508534", "555826173", "94625758", "96756911", "3116431", "129603779", "542948173" ], "author": [ "2020917715", "1435306246", "2174528009" ], "reference": [ "593807325", "1978054275", "1989248954", "1994214522", "2028495956", "2044420234", "2092141971", "2105666027", "2114915098", "2115560384", "2116542841", "2120809051", "2122733271", "2136400307", "2136725142", "2137553854", "2171753429", "2172048640", "3148786482" ], "abstract": "this article introduces a specially commissioned issue of west european politics marking the journal s 30th anniversary it highlights profound changes in the european political landscape over the last three decades including the fall of communism progressive european integration territorial restructuring public sector reforms at european national regional and local levels changes in democratic participation protest elections political communication political parties and party competition and challenges to the welfare state the special issue also discusses how political science has responded to these changes in terms of its substantive focus concepts methods and theories many of the 17 contributions included in the special issue identify important challenges for the future including those challenges stemming from eu integration the reduced electoral accountability of politicians the problematic legitimation of party government and the sharpening of the edges of the state", "title_raw": "Trajectories of European Politics: An Introduction", "abstract_raw": "This article introduces a specially commissioned issue of West European Politics marking the journal's 30th anniversary. It highlights profound changes in the European political landscape over the last three decades, including the fall of Communism; progressive European integration; territorial restructuring; public sector reforms at European, national, regional and local levels; changes in democratic participation, protest, elections, political communication, political parties and party competition; and challenges to the welfare state. The special issue also discusses how political science has responded to these changes in terms of its substantive focus, concepts, methods and theories. Many of the 17 contributions included in the special issue identify important challenges for the future, including those challenges stemming from EU integration, the reduced electoral accountability of politicians, the problematic legitimation of party government and the sharpening of the edges of the state." }, { "paper": "223954846", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2008", "title": "tourism and politics global frameworks and local realities peter m burns marina novelli elsevier oxford 2007 409 pp isbn 008 045075 x", "label": [ "18918823", "94625758" ], "author": [ "3176138432" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Tourism and Politics: Global Frameworks and Local Realities, Peter M. Burns, Marina Novelli. Elsevier, Oxford (2007). 409 pp., ISBN: 008 045075 X", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1491472812", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "defense research u s asked to bolster ties with china", "label": [ "191935318", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2232726435" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "defense researchthe u s military has more to gain than lose by working with chinese scientists on fundamental research according to the pentagoni s former director of basic research who argues for the removal of obstacles between the u s department of defense dod and china despite the military rivalry between the two countries", "title_raw": "Defense research. U.S. asked to bolster ties with China.", "abstract_raw": "DEFENSE RESEARCHThe U.S. military has more to gain than lose by working with Chinese scientists on fundamental research, according to the Pentagoni?\u00bds former director of basic research, who argues for the removal of obstacles between the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and China despite the military rivalry between the two countries." }, { "paper": "1995328015", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2008", "title": "a new deal for the world america s vision for human rightsby elizabeth borgwardt", "label": [ "2776732289", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2762924986" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A New Deal for the World: America's Vision for Human Rightsby Elizabeth Borgwardt", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2085598589", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2008", "title": "ethnic competition and the logic of party system transformation", "label": [ "137403100", "94625758", "199539241", "2781046721", "53844881" ], "author": [ "2144454700" ], "reference": [ "1736750965", "1915307697", "2001485385", "2028377011", "2029824476", "2032432258", "2041519855", "2044931605", "2046126579", "2056514133", "2056834079", "2057920039", "2073867539", "2112423915", "2114934970", "2120237003", "2121529962", "2155734255", "2163827136", "2166029219", "2322468111", "2499970553", "2917643853" ], "abstract": "this article adapts and expands a recent model of ethnic competition by exploring its implications over a long period spanning crucial stages in the modernisation of the political system it illustrates the model by reference to developments in northern ireland since its modern party system was launched in the 1880s this offers an exceptionally clear example of the interaction of central elements of the model the initial bedding down of a system of bipartisan ethnic competition with two parties having a remarkable capacity to resist ethnic outbidding the fragmentation of this system following the introduction of a set of major institutional forms that facilitated ethnic outbidding and the continuing resilience of ethnically based parties in warding off challenges from groups seeking to prioritise other political dimensions the model s implications are tested against a comprehensive collection of ecological and survey data", "title_raw": "Ethnic competition and the logic of party system transformation", "abstract_raw": "This article adapts and expands a recent model of ethnic competition by exploring its implications over a long period spanning crucial stages in the modernisation of the political system. It illustrates the model by reference to developments in Northern Ireland since its modern party system was launched in the 1880s. This offers an exceptionally clear example of the interaction of central elements of the model: the initial bedding down of a system of bipartisan ethnic competition, with two parties having a remarkable capacity to resist ethnic outbidding; the fragmentation of this system following the introduction of a set of major institutional forms that facilitated ethnic outbidding; and the continuing resilience of ethnically based parties in warding off challenges from groups seeking to prioritise other political dimensions. The model's implications are tested against a comprehensive collection of ecological and survey data." }, { "paper": "2139552961", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2008", "title": "in search of canadian political culture nelson wiseman vancouver and toronto ubc press 2007 pp vii 346", "label": [ "81307892" ], "author": [ "2423795048" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "In Search of Canadian Political Culture , Nelson Wiseman, Vancouver and Toronto: UBC Press, 2007, pp. vii, 346", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2988354596", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2008", "title": "the analysis of the factors on japan s postal privatization", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2987026372" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Analysis of the Factors on Japan's Postal Privatization", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2013612110", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2008", "title": "enemies of intelligence knowledge and power in american national security by richard k betts new york columbia university press 2007 264p 26 95 cloth", "label": [ "2776051254", "528167355" ], "author": [ "2575581961" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Enemies of Intelligence: Knowledge and Power in American National Security . By Richard K. Betts. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. 264p. $26.95 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2150584005", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2008", "title": "the local connection local government performance and satisfaction with democracy in argentina", "label": [ "51575053", "136810230", "201342494", "148834064", "134698397", "2778719706", "3116431", "555826173" ], "author": [ "124101882" ], "reference": [ "1525719377", "1535724529", "1976025742", "1985737300", "1999625018", "2031545505", "2036000994", "2041434958", "2044094458", "2049534939", "2053098924", "2058216731", "2064246962", "2070288549", "2089559945", "2118097937", "2121290265", "2149458473", "2151949046", "2152679980", "2154538645", "2171409245", "2326312291", "2333465643", "2482096056", "2493248572", "3125086203", "3129962985" ], "abstract": "in light of extensive decentralization in much of the world analyses of citizen satisfaction with democracy that treat citizens as subjects of their national governments alone are incomplete in this article the author uses regression analysis of unique survey data from argentina to explore the relationship between local government performance and citizen satisfaction with democracy she demonstrates that there is indeed an important link between local government performance and citizen system support but also that citizens distinguish between qualitatively different types of government performance certain measures of local government performance such as corruption have ramifications for citizens evaluations of the functioning of their democracy and even for citizens faith in democracy per se at the same time other types of local government performance such as local bureaucratic inefficiency do not reverberate beyond the local sphere these results suggest mixed implications for future democrat", "title_raw": "The Local Connection Local Government Performance and Satisfaction With Democracy in Argentina", "abstract_raw": "In light of extensive decentralization in much of the world, analyses of citizen satisfaction with democracy that treat citizens as subjects of their national governments alone are incomplete. In this article, the author uses regression analysis of unique survey data from Argentina to explore the relationship between local government performance and citizen satisfaction with democracy. She demonstrates that there is indeed an important link between local government performance and citizen system support but also that citizens distinguish between qualitatively different types of government performance. Certain measures of local government performance, such as corruption, have ramifications for citizens' evaluations of the functioning of their democracy and even for citizens' faith in democracy per se. At the same time, other types of local government performance, such as local bureaucratic inefficiency, do not reverberate beyond the local sphere. These results suggest mixed implications for future democrat..." }, { "paper": "1996136978", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2008", "title": "hot waste in utah conflict in the public arena", "label": [ "201670107", "46355384", "199776023", "21711469", "83264182", "39549134", "179420905" ], "author": [ "2008796083" ], "reference": [ "131853549", "656571127", "1572292253", "1612669784", "1984937986", "1986207462", "2003928884", "2016736046", "2032448536", "2050437267", "2056923765", "2172274536", "2232280012", "2489349130", "2499011629", "2586620389", "3011074188" ], "abstract": "multiple party negotiations may be the next step in the stream of research combining public relations and conflict resolution this study undertook a qualitative role playing design with 11 graduate students taking on different roles in the hot waste issue in utah these students framed the issue defined their self interests as stakeholders and then conducted a series of 5 role plays on the issue all 9 conflict resolution strategies were paired against each other in different combinations preliminary findings revealed that the strategy most often used was contention but it was used most often in combination with principled if those strategies were not successful then the role that players turned to was avoidance during the third round role players started using cooperation and compromise using these two strategies created a less confrontational atmosphere and the role players were more inclined to discuss alternatives the most useful strategy however throughout all 5 rounds was mediation and", "title_raw": "Hot Waste in Utah: Conflict in the Public Arena", "abstract_raw": "Multiple party negotiations may be the next step in the stream of research combining public relations and conflict resolution. This study undertook a qualitative role-playing design with 11 graduate students taking on different roles in the hot waste issue in Utah. These students framed the issue, defined their self-interests as stakeholders, and then conducted a series of 5 role-plays on the issue. All 9 conflict resolution strategies were paired against each other in different combinations. Preliminary findings revealed that the strategy most often used was contention, but it was used most often in combination with principled. If those strategies were not successful, then the role that players turned to was avoidance. During the third round, role-players started using cooperation and compromise. Using these two strategies created a less confrontational atmosphere and the role players were more inclined to discuss alternatives. The most useful strategy, however, throughout all 5 rounds was mediation and ..." }, { "paper": "1979468365", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2008", "title": "future seekers ii refugees and irregular migration in australia by mary crock ben saul and azadeh dastyari", "label": [ "2776493517", "173145845" ], "author": [ "2335243967" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Future Seekers II: Refugees and Irregular Migration in Australia. By Mary Crock, Ben Saul and Azadeh Dastyari.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2051320185", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2008", "title": "the eu and conflict resolution in turkey and georgia hindering eu potential through the political management of contractual relations", "label": [ "3116431", "36201420", "21711469", "187155963" ], "author": [ "2018144972" ], "reference": [ "1525900018", "2019566739", "2061815075", "2083237568", "2105621954", "2107692970", "2112840074", "2128074755", "2151216279", "2165621152", "2261868915", "2320173739", "3124307316", "3183803307" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The EU and Conflict Resolution in Turkey and Georgia: Hindering EU Potential Through the Political Management of Contractual Relations", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2023334467", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2008", "title": "business and environmental politics in canada", "label": [ "2776051254", "170659323", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "1942420012" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "business and environmental politics in canada douglas macdonald peterborough on broadview press 2007 pp xi 224 whether because of al gore increasingly stern warnings from the intergovernmental panel on climate change or the strange weather of late this past year has seen political actors of all stripes business leaders prominent among them restate their commitment to the environment macdonald s new book is thus a timely contribution offering a historical perspective that may lead readers to treat the latest round of corporate greening with caution this study of shifting business interests strategies and power in relation to environmental policy making demonstrates how firms have worked over the last fifty years notwithstanding public statements and even some sincere efforts to the contrary to minimize the threats posed by new environmental regulations", "title_raw": "Business and Environmental Politics in Canada", "abstract_raw": "Business and Environmental Politics in Canada , Douglas MacDonald, Peterborough ON: Broadview Press, 2007, pp. xi, 224. Whether because of Al Gore, increasingly stern warnings from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or the strange weather of late, this past year has seen political actors of all stripes\u2014business leaders prominent among them\u2014restate their commitment to the environment. MacDonald's new book is thus a timely contribution, offering a historical perspective that may lead readers to treat the latest round of corporate \u201cgreening\u201d with caution. This study of shifting business interests, strategies and power in relation to environmental policy making demonstrates how firms have worked over the last fifty years, notwithstanding public statements and even some sincere efforts to the contrary, to minimize the threats posed by new environmental regulations." }, { "paper": "2379289734", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2008", "title": "transition of chinese higher education thoughts during 30 years of reform and opening up", "label": [ "120912362", "2776424047", "2778943168" ], "author": [ "2354814941" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "during 30 years of reform and opening up the greatest accomplishments that chinese higher education has achieved is the liberation of thought and the transformation of ideas as every achievement is under the leading of higher education thoughts the changes in chinese higher education thoughts during these 30 years cover all aspects of higher education thoughts system and changes which have profound effect are value of higher education development view of higher education and quality view of higher education", "title_raw": "Transition of Chinese higher education thoughts during 30 years of reform and opening-up", "abstract_raw": "During 30 years of reform and opening-up,the greatest accomplishments that Chinese higher education has achieved is the liberation of thought and the transformation of ideas,as every achievement is under the leading of higher education thoughts.The changes in Chinese higher education thoughts during these 30 years cover all aspects of higher education thoughts system,and changes which have profound effect are: value of higher education,development view of higher education and quality view of higher education." }, { "paper": "2164132070", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2008", "title": "publication and citation patterns of latin american caribbean journals in the sci and ssci from 1995 to 2004", "label": [ "105345328", "2779455604", "158886217", "2777617010", "2778805511", "2779455803", "2776312699", "2778032371" ], "author": [ "888339244", "2155768454", "2150780904", "2007007497" ], "reference": [ "116136748", "132192228", "135814238", "1543730077", "1563332912", "1765301344", "1936984677", "1966920408", "1993531536", "2017651930", "2018923701", "2025663455", "2058180517", "2059535896", "2062552166", "2089230616", "2090406645", "2092198770", "2093208305", "2118793170", "2153338227", "2164534115", "2339426495", "2739457387", "2992358493" ], "abstract": "impact factors publication citation patterns and growth dynamics were analyzed for the latin america and the caribbean journals covered by the science citation index sci and social science citation index from 1995 2003 two main journal groups were identified those publishing mainly in english with substantial contributions from outside the region and those publishing in local languages principally by the local community and on subjects of local interest we found little inter citation among the local papers while the highest number of citations by extra regional authors was to papers published in english quantitative indicators show that la c journals are better positioned in the mainstream literature than ever before", "title_raw": "Publication and citation patterns of Latin American & Caribbean journals in the SCI and SSCI from 1995 to 2004", "abstract_raw": "Impact factors, publication-citation patterns and growth dynamics were analyzed for the Latin America and the Caribbean journals covered by the Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index from 1995\u20132003. Two main journal groups were identified: those publishing mainly in English with substantial contributions from outside the region, and those publishing in local languages, principally by the local community and on subjects of local interest. We found little inter-citation among the local papers while the highest number of citations by extra-regional authors was to papers published in English. Quantitative indicators show that LA-C journals are better positioned in the mainstream literature than ever before." }, { "paper": "85739132", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2008", "title": "tr v pr french double ballot effects", "label": [ "199539241", "2777094542", "188968914" ], "author": [ "306651903", "2014625105" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "TR v. PR: French Double Ballot Effects", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2057487921", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2008", "title": "when the men with guns rule explaining human rights failures in kosovo since 1999", "label": [ "199539241", "169437150" ], "author": [ "521974330" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "When the Men with Guns Rule: Explaining Human Rights Failures in Kosovo since 1999", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1981345892", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2008", "title": "asean s black swans", "label": [ "17058734" ], "author": [ "2135300141" ], "reference": [ "1480526195", "1536399978", "1575749045", "1973292234", "2036114958", "2114319309" ], "abstract": "in november of 2007 the association of southeast asian nations asean celebrated its fortieth birthday at a gathering of the organization s ten member states in singapore it was a celebration eclipsed by news of the military junta s brutal repression of protests in burma an asean member the task of plotting a way forward for asean has been punctuated by this and other improbable events such as the march 2008 electoral losses of malaysia s ruling coalition and the catastrophic upheaval unleashed by cyclone nargis in burma yet these black swans have unexpectedly produced opportunity for reform and democratization in the region", "title_raw": "ASEAN's \"Black Swans\"", "abstract_raw": "In November of 2007, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) celebrated its fortieth birthday at a gathering of the organization\u2019s ten member states in Singapore. It was a celebration eclipsed by news of the military junta\u2019s brutal repression of protests in Burma, an ASEAN member. The task of plotting a way forward for ASEAN has been punctuated by this and other improbable events, such as the March 2008 electoral losses of Malaysia\u2019s ruling coalition and the catastrophic upheaval unleashed by Cyclone Nargis in Burma. Yet these \u201cblack swans\u201d have unexpectedly produced opportunity for reform and democratization in the region." }, { "paper": "2066751910", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2008", "title": "the dynamics of british military transformation", "label": [ "503427281", "120302604", "199539241", "541409800", "189326492", "451841", "110956428", "190989730", "515798048" ], "author": [ "2142414002" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the british military have embarked on a comprehensive process of transformation towards a network enabled effects orientated and expeditionary force posture this has involved developing brand new military doctrine organizational concepts and technology the us military are also transforming and american military ideas about network centric and effects based warfare have influenced the british military but the british have not simply aped their us ally rather british military transformation has followed a different path hence this article proposes a dynamic model of military innovation involving two international drivers new operational challenges and military emulation and three national shapers resource constraints domestic politics and military culture this model is then applied to a detailed empirical analysis of the process and progress of british military transformation", "title_raw": "The dynamics of British military transformation", "abstract_raw": "The British military have embarked on a comprehensive process of transformation towards a network-enabled, effects-orientated, and expeditionary force posture. This has involved developing brand new military doctrine, organizational concepts, and technology. The US military are also transforming, and American military ideas about network-centric and effects-based warfare have influenced the British military. But the British have not simply aped their US ally. Rather, British military transformation has followed a different path. Hence, this article proposes a dynamic model of military innovation involving two international drivers: new operational challenges and military emulation; and three national shapers: resource constraints, domestic politics and military culture. This model is then applied to a detailed empirical analysis of the process and progress of British military transformation." }, { "paper": "1984099962", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "mccain obama present their wars on cancer", "label": [ "197487636", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2084455017" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "u s presidential candidates republican john mccain and democrat barack obama are advocating somewhat different strategies to combat cancer but both agree on the need for better access to early detection technologies and more preventive care", "title_raw": "McCain, Obama Present Their Wars on Cancer", "abstract_raw": "U.S. presidential candidates Republican John McCain and Democrat Barack Obama are advocating somewhat different strategies to combat cancer, but both agree on the need for better access to early detection technologies and more preventive care." }, { "paper": "1980117940", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2008", "title": "westernizing eastern bloc science", "label": [ "2779530609" ], "author": [ "2669829255" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "scientists in newer member countries are learning how to use what the european union offers", "title_raw": "Westernizing Eastern-bloc science.", "abstract_raw": "Scientists in newer member countries are learning how to use what the European Union offers." }, { "paper": "2578387940", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2008", "title": "the age of independence interracial unions same sex unions and the changing american family", "label": [ "2777799818" ], "author": [ "2983095353" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Age of Independence: Interracial Unions, Same-Sex Unions, and the Changing American Family:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2106767074", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2008", "title": "the incisive fight recommendations for improving counterterrorism intelligence", "label": [ "54608095", "12365522", "203133693", "31901060", "517642484", "49504249", "3116431", "2746353" ], "author": [ "2526395439" ], "reference": [ "87006208", "338913944", "653441434" ], "abstract": "the intelligence community has evolved significantly since the failures of 9 11 and the inaccurate assessments on iraqi weapons of mass destruction congressional action has resulted in multiple far reaching reforms and tectonic organizational shifts on the strategic level however counterterrorism intelligence policy has been muddled during the past eight years the bush administration for example called on the intelligence community to bolster the growth of democracy the next president should cast aside political ideology and build on reform efforts to empower top notch leaders strong new leaders in the intelligence community must energize the national counterterrorism center and provide the president with comprehensive and policy relevant intelligence analysis the united states cannot eliminate the global terrorist threat alone the next president must boost cooperation with liaison security services finally the intelligence community must bolster its operational capacity to find and detain t", "title_raw": "The Incisive Fight: Recommendations for Improving Counterterrorism Intelligence", "abstract_raw": "The intelligence community has evolved significantly since the failures of 9/11 and the inaccurate assessments on Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. Congressional action has resulted in multiple far-reaching reforms and tectonic organizational shifts. On the strategic level, however, counterterrorism intelligence policy has been muddled during the past eight years. The Bush administration, for example, called on the intelligence community to \u201cbolster the growth of democracy.\u201d The next president should cast aside political ideology and build on reform efforts to empower top-notch leaders. Strong new leaders in the intelligence community must energize the National Counterterrorism Center and provide the president with comprehensive and policy-relevant intelligence analysis. The United States cannot eliminate the global terrorist threat alone\u2014the next president must boost cooperation with liaison security services. Finally, the intelligence community must bolster its operational capacity to find and detain t..." }, { "paper": "2138732914", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2008", "title": "nations states and violenceby david d laitin", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2101203575" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Nations, States, and Violenceby David D. Laitin", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3124114578", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2008", "title": "revitalizing the u s compliance power", "label": [ "2778272461", "2776154427", "2779871314", "56617239", "2779017129", "2777351106", "2779633737", "199539241", "2779010840" ], "author": [ "2483402033" ], "reference": [ "1602375949" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Revitalizing the U.S. Compliance Power", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2118378791", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2008", "title": "dannreuther roland 2007 international security the contemporary agenda cambridge polity 263 pp isbn 0745635407", "label": [ "509929229", "2779707719" ], "author": [ "2657909527" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dannreuther, Roland, 2007. International Security: The Contemporary Agenda. Cambridge: Polity. 263 pp. ISBN 0745635407.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2009788745", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2008", "title": "after anarchy legitimacy power in the united nations security council byian hurd", "label": [ "2776051254", "199539241", "3116431", "46295352" ], "author": [ "2410638048" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "After Anarchy: Legitimacy & Power in the United Nations Security Council byIan Hurd", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1972507154", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2008", "title": "torture when the unthinkable is morally permissible review", "label": [ "544040105", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2671013324" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Torture: When the Unthinkable Is Morally Permissible (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2075464268", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2008", "title": "chinese foreign relations power and policy since the cold warby robert g sutter", "label": [ "44394981", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "714378427" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy Since the Cold Warby Robert G. Sutter", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2163263650", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2008", "title": "the primary reason for women s underrepresentation reevaluating the conventional wisdom", "label": [ "2778203169", "2779220109", "2780849931", "59742305" ], "author": [ "2052413829", "2006749516" ], "reference": [ "577135712", "652023787", "1486804965", "1497013238", "1974630386", "1985093082", "1999379879", "2022422561", "2031995743", "2034060762", "2055270742", "2057913743", "2070189405", "2093273378", "2108891099", "2127974543", "2136750123", "2141652117", "2164294774", "2272462921", "2315809957", "2322188288", "2322912595", "2323666628", "2328921315" ], "abstract": "when women run in general elections for the u s house of representatives they win at approximately the same rates as their male counterparts with the exception of studies of selected congressional districts in particular years however scholars have virtually ignored the gender dynamics of the congressional primary process in this paper we fill this void analyzing data from 1958 to 2004 to test hypotheses about women s victory rates and levels of primary competition our analysis results in an additional explanation for women s underrepresentation the congressional primary process although women generally do not win primaries at lower rates than their male counterparts women in both parties face more primary competition than do men gender neutral victory rates then are not the result of a gender neutral primary process women have to be better than their male counterparts in order to fare equally well", "title_raw": "The Primary Reason for Women's Underrepresentation? Reevaluating the Conventional Wisdom", "abstract_raw": "When women run in general elections for the U.S. House of Representatives, they win at approximately the same rates as their male counterparts. With the exception of studies of selected congressional districts in particular years, however, scholars have virtually ignored the gender dynamics of the congressional primary process. In this paper, we fill this void, analyzing data from 1958 to 2004 to test hypotheses about women's victory rates and levels of primary competition. Our analysis results in an additional explanation for women's underrepresentation: the congressional primary process. Although women generally do not win primaries at lower rates than their male counterparts, women in both parties face more primary competition than do men. Gender neutral victory rates, then, are not the result of a gender neutral primary process. Women have to be \u201cbetter\u201d than their male counterparts in order to fare equally well." }, { "paper": "2050357343", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2008", "title": "no refuge the crisis of refugee militarization in africa edited by robert muggah", "label": [ "2778227311", "173145845", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2766000277" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "No Refuge: The Crisis of Refugee Militarization in Africa. Edited by Robert Muggah.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122986715", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2008", "title": "are voters sensitive to terrorism direct evidence from the israeli electorate", "label": [ "94625758", "203133693", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2018551060", "186694232" ], "reference": [ "110738317", "627391261", "1486226362", "1537375082", "1539795031", "1540060128", "1551390287", "1565589301", "1606303522", "1932757803", "1972825572", "1973532774", "1993672416", "2019176210", "2023404062", "2027824507", "2030702310", "2057012170", "2060708071", "2074064000", "2080364320", "2081714882", "2083987274", "2096684396", "2112118306", "2112142960", "2115074743", "2119997724", "2120846263", "2123272973", "2126337958", "2136170726", "2139959576", "2141916283", "2150299898", "2150796138", "2181808671", "2329103711", "2915583649", "2916659725", "2978595579", "3121589511", "3121914188", "3122479739", "3122815601", "3122881352", "3124395630", "3144040573" ], "abstract": "this article relies on the variation of terror attacks across time and space as an instrument to identify the causal effects of terrorism on the preferences of the israeli electorate we find that the occurrence of a terror attack in a given locality within three months of the elections causes an increase of 1 35 percentage points on that locality s support for the right bloc of political parties out of the two blocs vote this effect is of a significant political magnitude because of the high level of terrorism in israel and the fact that its electorate is closely split between the right and left blocs moreover a terror fatality has important electoral effects beyond the locality where the attack is perpetrated and its electoral impact is stronger the closer to the elections it occurs interestingly in left leaning localities local terror fatalities cause an increase in the support for the right bloc whereas terror fatalities outside the locality increase the support for the left bloc of parties given that a relatively small number of localities suffer terror attacks we demonstrate that terrorism does cause the ideological polarization of the electorate overall our analysis provides strong empirical support for the hypothesis that the electorate shows a highly sensitive reaction to terrorism", "title_raw": "Are Voters Sensitive to Terrorism? Direct Evidence from the Israeli Electorate", "abstract_raw": "This article relies on the variation of terror attacks across time and space as an instrument to identify the causal effects of terrorism on the preferences of the Israeli electorate. We find that the occurrence of a terror attack in a given locality within three months of the elections causes an increase of 1.35 percentage points on that locality's support for the right bloc of political parties out of the two blocs vote. This effect is of a significant political magnitude because of the high level of terrorism in Israel and the fact that its electorate is closely split between the right and left blocs. Moreover, a terror fatality has important electoral effects beyond the locality where the attack is perpetrated, and its electoral impact is stronger the closer to the elections it occurs. Interestingly, in left-leaning localities, local terror fatalities cause an increase in the support for the right bloc, whereas terror fatalities outside the locality increase the support for the left bloc of parties. Given that a relatively small number of localities suffer terror attacks, we demonstrate that terrorism does cause the ideological polarization of the electorate. Overall, our analysis provides strong empirical support for the hypothesis that the electorate shows a highly sensitive reaction to terrorism." }, { "paper": "2012011232", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2008", "title": "book review donna lee van cott from movements to parties in latin america the evolution of ethnic politics new york cambridge university press 2005 isbn 978 0 521 85502 0", "label": [ "158886217", "47152248", "94625758", "137403100" ], "author": [ "2142511026" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Donna Lee Van Cott, From Movements to Parties in Latin America: The Evolution of Ethnic Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN 978 0 521 85502 0", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2109384130", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2008", "title": "montaigne s politics authority and governance in the essais by biancamaria fontana princeton princeton university press 2008 216p 29 95", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "1992494864" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Montaigne's Politics: Authority and Governance in the Essais . By Biancamaria Fontana. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008. 216p. $29.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1970277213", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2008", "title": "filtering diversity a global corporation struggles with race class and gender in employment policy", "label": [ "2119116", "2778348171", "38104776", "3116431", "158016649", "2779670255", "137403100" ], "author": [ "1913561658" ], "reference": [ "10005167", "64581525", "91907952", "164211995", "564476037", "570500170", "574438967", "599422773", "641031833", "1492948135", "1507808875", "1510608282", "1555233099", "1594827548", "1964345372", "1967559904", "1971206486", "1973645912", "1978493062", "1988150061", "1990852420", "2005061283", "2009828366", "2018379427", "2024119158", "2027844695", "2037075013", "2039454931", "2042084056", "2051953289", "2058178827", "2070838402", "2071361693", "2074593521", "2075409512", "2088303859", "2099505621", "2101276897", "2104365340", "2107092443", "2109507579", "2115988822", "2143383869", "2163117407", "2198847224", "2318104400", "2319895399", "2330365269", "2492394719", "2502859315", "2506113287", "2788262645", "2943764767", "2970151449", "2980109893", "3121537940", "3122746833", "3125188161", "3134939880", "3141281288", "3166680772", "3196690991" ], "abstract": "the spread of corporate diversity programs in the past decade has meant renewed attention to the rhetoric of fairness in employment relations a number of organizational dynamics can derail this project however especially at the transnational level in the author s case studies of a u s high tech firm amco and its subsidiary in india transco this happens through a filtering process in which managers disassemble broad themes of diversity and repackage them in more narrow and exclusive terms in the united states the discourse of gender is more legitimate whereas in india it is ethnicity race these discourses of diversity have both positive and negative implications they are used by managers to divert attention from overt forms of stratification and avoid disruptions in employee relations yet they also generate a mutual critique between the two firms that can help to overcome the filtering process and achieve a more integrated understanding of discrimination", "title_raw": "Filtering Diversity: A Global Corporation Struggles With Race, Class, and Gender in Employment Policy", "abstract_raw": "The spread of corporate diversity programs in the past decade has meant renewed attention to the rhetoric of fairness in employment relations. A number of organizational dynamics can derail this project, however, especially at the transnational level. In the author's case studies of a U.S. high-tech firm (AmCo) and its subsidiary in India (TransCo), this happens through a filtering process, in which managers disassemble broad themes of diversity and repackage them in more narrow and exclusive terms. In the United States, the discourse of gender is more legitimate, whereas in India, it is ethnicity/race. These discourses of diversity have both positive and negative implications. They are used by managers to divert attention from overt forms of stratification and avoid disruptions in employee relations, yet they also generate a mutual critique between the two firms that can help to overcome the filtering process and achieve a more integrated understanding of discrimination." }, { "paper": "2051387257", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2008", "title": "four publics of anti bioterrorism information campaigns a test of the situational theory", "label": [ "2778521920", "2778660142", "53001019", "178649314" ], "author": [ "2141923394", "2220739217" ], "reference": [ "266466442", "2036535694" ], "abstract": "abstract applying the situational theory this study examines the extent to which citizens recognize bioterrorism as a social issue their level of involvement with it and how their perceptions of it affect communication and protective behaviors a national sample survey n 363 showed that problem recognition was positively related to information seeking and processing while constraints recognition was negatively related to information seeking and processing involvement was positively related to information seeking respondents were segmented into four public types based on media consumption habits source trust evaluations and intentions to perform recommended behaviors", "title_raw": "Four publics of anti-bioterrorism information campaigns: A test of the situational theory", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Applying the situational theory, this study examines the extent to which citizens recognize bioterrorism as a social issue, their level of involvement with it, and how their perceptions of it affect communication and protective behaviors. A national sample survey ( N \u00a0=\u00a0363) showed that problem recognition was positively related to information seeking and processing while constraints recognition was negatively related to information seeking and processing. Involvement was positively related to information seeking. Respondents were segmented into four public types based on media consumption habits, source trust evaluations and intentions to perform recommended behaviors." }, { "paper": "1527175891", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2008", "title": "us national academies suspends visits to iran", "label": [ "2776240099", "148834064", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2126046128" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "US National Academies suspends visits to Iran", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2036137832", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2008", "title": "what are they waiting for strategic information for late deciding voters", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2291670132", "160151398" ], "reference": [ "1508171801", "1974645880", "2004727162", "2023894300", "2029701631", "2036594240", "2051642221", "2053158657", "2058888898", "2306318725", "2313317669", "2489221033", "2503890507" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "What are they Waiting for? Strategic Information for Late Deciding Voters", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2017792061", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2008", "title": "a china more just my fight as a rights lawyer in the world s largest communist state zhisheng gao san diego ca broad press 2007 xii 255 pp 14 95 isbn 1 932674 36 5", "label": [ "199539241", "191935318", "206261972" ], "author": [ "2316434094" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A China More Just: My Fight as a Rights Lawyer in the World's Largest Communist State . Zhisheng Gao. San Diego, CA: Broad Press, 2007. xii + 255 pp. $14.95. ISBN 1-932674-36-5", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2013374686", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "obama at sea", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "91872485" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "ocean scientists are hoping a friendly meeting with president elect barack obama s transition team last week will bode well for ocean research the 90 minute sitdown included representatives from environmental and scientific groups and transition officials including sally yozell a former official", "title_raw": "Obama at Sea", "abstract_raw": "Ocean scientists are hoping a friendly meeting with President-elect Barack Obama's transition team last week will bode well for ocean research. The 90-minute sitdown included representatives from environmental and scientific groups and transition officials including Sally Yozell, a former official" }, { "paper": "2032448930", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2008", "title": "russian science academy rejects putin ally", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "303834104" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Russian science academy rejects Putin ally", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1997225087", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2008", "title": "continuity and change in eu law essays in honour of sir francis jacobs edited by a arnull p eeckhout and t tridimas", "label": [ "2780110125" ], "author": [ "2709621651" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Continuity and Change in EU Law: Essays in Honour of Sir Francis Jacobs \u2013 Edited by A. Arnull, P. Eeckhout and T. Tridimas", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1974737855", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2008", "title": "the knowledge that counts institutional identities policy science and the conflict over fire management in the gran sabana venezuela", "label": [ "67674302", "158886217" ], "author": [ "1879160335" ], "reference": [ "35970905", "68842856", "116428741", "171270614", "192444183", "261345704", "318791041", "590574120", "596639726", "620907363", "639709829", "1486656310", "1505002352", "1505951429", "1520257988", "1541559388", "1547873771", "1548417469", "1558428539", "1559488756", "1561427732", "1564495871", "1566010042", "1571651207", "1581030002", "1583040522", "1586349018", "1586469975", "1597750586", "1604412982", "1635201680", "1798216979", "1825366283", "1964041536", "1964327928", "1964973813", "1967541354", "1971479832", "1973935501", "1982320634", "1982952585", "1984411180", "1986597003", "1992855406", "1992925306", "1999186234", "2001555670", "2004066195", "2010438834", "2013045877", "2015517151", "2017513199", "2021459586", "2023204880", "2029998296", "2031676127", "2036219106", "2041904601", "2045338850", "2047412457", "2048165118", "2055674885", "2056538359", "2060319818", "2062172061", "2063618874", "2069832819", "2071950486", "2077757667", "2078793116", "2082060221", "2084049652", "2085005286", "2089007027", "2091173292", "2095100933", "2109503318", "2116527937", "2120823239", "2136162330", "2146698265", "2152699680", "2166241449", "2170048554", "2213575925", "2283720052", "2324607322", "2327192772", "2330139286", "2491462917", "2506762549", "2506979817", "2623967776", "2788974772", "2796175043", "2801539728", "2897908329", "2903133207", "3123517155", "3190901619" ], "abstract": "summary the cultures of environmental planning agencies shape institutional identities and management interventions central to such institutional cultures is knowledge production which is shaped by political economic processes dominant narratives and institutional desires to produce conservation landscapes through knowledge production certain scientific knowledge and data are appropriated while others are excluded in the case of fire management in the gran sabana venezuela a project of policy science draws on selected scientific knowledge and emphasizes remote sensing and quantitative analysis at the expense of indigenous knowledge and prescriptive burning practices this policy science emerges from an institutional culture that favors fire suppression as a means to recreate a desired imaginary forest", "title_raw": "The Knowledge that Counts: Institutional Identities, Policy Science, and the Conflict Over Fire Management in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela", "abstract_raw": "Summary The cultures of environmental planning agencies shape institutional identities and management interventions. Central to such institutional cultures is knowledge production, which is shaped by political\u2013economic processes, dominant narratives and institutional desires to produce \u201cconservation\u201d landscapes. Through knowledge production, certain scientific knowledge and data are appropriated, while others are excluded. In the case of fire management in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela, a project of policy science draws on selected scientific knowledge and emphasizes remote sensing and quantitative analysis at the expense of indigenous knowledge and prescriptive burning practices. This policy science emerges from an institutional culture that favors fire suppression as a means to recreate a desired, imaginary forest." }, { "paper": "2135538322", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2008", "title": "on europe s representation a symbolic interpretation of rejecting the constitution", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758", "2779010840", "2775987171", "2776359362", "2776154427" ], "author": [ "2272947029" ], "reference": [ "153665330", "562714868", "586500725", "604289246", "606845023", "614999857", "636827731", "640316323", "651087222", "658977282", "1532571594", "1577065972", "1971909293", "1987884123", "2040092624", "2040750910", "2042094712", "2054467847", "2085491458", "2101231730", "2102045068", "2115747715", "2121463848", "2153943092", "2156109180", "2270239429", "2322211782", "2332609832", "2476686090", "2760915205", "2795419706", "3139574540", "3168158638" ], "abstract": "the lack of enthusiasm for the european union and its proposed constitution among the european people surprised the political elite of europe codifying common beliefs and values seemed to be a good way to represent the european identity in written form the signing of the constitutional treaty should have become an important symbolic act demonstrating the willingness of the people to bond together instead a so called reform treaty was passed in lisbon in 2007 to be ratified by all member states by 2009 that specifically abandoned any allusion to symbolic forms of european representation such as the term constitution the flag or a european anthem", "title_raw": "On Europe's Representation: A Symbolic Interpretation of Rejecting the Constitution", "abstract_raw": "The lack of enthusiasm for the European Union and its proposed constitution among the European people surprised the political elite of Europe. Codifying common beliefs and values seemed to be a good way to represent the European identity in written form. The signing of the constitutional treaty should have become an important symbolic act, demonstrating the willingness of the people to bond together. Instead, a so-called Reform Treaty was passed in Lisbon in 2007 (to be ratified by all member states by 2009) that specifically abandoned any allusion to symbolic forms of European representation such as the term constitution , the flag, or a European anthem." }, { "paper": "2017001800", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2008", "title": "executive orders and administrative control", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064", "51575053", "2776034101", "2777094542", "2776398702", "20555606" ], "author": [ "2107126262", "2045393160" ], "reference": [ "565099443", "571495565", "611185358", "1499269353", "1535835358", "1928058949", "1966680299", "1983107960", "2002075274", "2037913841", "2155575471", "2312284287", "2332138734", "2798088511" ], "abstract": "one of the key recommendations of the winter commission was the empowerment of governors over the executive branch however key institutions have not evolved in this direction the long ballot still exists in most states and the formal powers of governors have strengthened to their probable capacity the authors suggest that a quasi formal power the gubernatorial use of executive orders may be a significant tool for empowering the governor in the state administrative realm analyzing all executive orders in 49 states for 2004 and 2005 they find variation in the aggregate use of and functions performed through these orders many executive orders do allow the government more direction and control of state bureaucracy finally the authors suggest that the study of executive orders may be necessary to understand gubernatorial power in the executive arena and beyond", "title_raw": "Executive Orders and Administrative Control", "abstract_raw": "One of the key recommendations of the Winter Commission was the empowerment of governors over the executive branch. However, key institutions have not evolved in this direction; the long ballot still exists in most states, and the formal powers of governors have strengthened to their probable capacity. The authors suggest that a quasi-formal power\u2014the gubernatorial use of executive orders\u2014may be a significant tool for empowering the governor in the state administrative realm. Analyzing all executive orders in 49 states for 2004 and 2005, they find variation in the aggregate use of and functions performed through these orders. Many executive orders do allow the government more direction and control of state bureaucracy. Finally, the authors suggest that the study of executive orders may be necessary to understand gubernatorial power in the executive arena and beyond." }, { "paper": "2081728012", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2008", "title": "banking on small business microfinance in contemporary russia by gail buyske ithaca ny cornell university press 2007 240p 35 00", "label": [ "28129649", "2777973936" ], "author": [ "233074080" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Banking on Small Business: Microfinance in Contemporary Russia . By Gail Buyske. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2007. 240p. $35.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2128682483", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2008", "title": "the making of an international convention culture and free trade in a global era", "label": [ "90924733", "2781316041", "506295513", "182769425", "2119116", "2780608745" ], "author": [ "2514494888", "2286516214" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in october 2005 unesco s general conference adopted the convention on the protection of the diversity of cultural", "title_raw": "The making of an international Convention: culture and free trade in a global era", "abstract_raw": "In October 2005, UNESCO's General Conference adopted the Convention on the Protection of the Diversity of Cultural" }, { "paper": "2044024767", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2008", "title": "book review saladin meckled garcia and basak cali the legalization of human rights multidisciplinary perspectives on human rights and human rights law london routledge 2006 208 pp 19 99 pbk paul gready ed fighting for human rights london routledge 2004 198 pp 15 99 pbk 55 00 hbk", "label": [ "169437150", "2778506969", "22467394", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2484926670" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Saladin Meckled-Garcia and Basak Cali, The Legalization of Human Rights: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Human Rights and Human Rights Law (London: Routledge, 2006, 208 pp., \u00a319.99 pbk.): Paul Gready (ed.), Fighting for Human Rights (London: Routledge, 2004, 198 pp., \u00a315.99 pbk., \u00a355.00 hbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1991354303", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2008", "title": "what terrorists really want terrorist motives and counterterrorism strategy", "label": [ "203133693", "2779423641", "75732639", "199539241", "2779872411", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2620166501" ], "reference": [ "8864230", "110662690", "205425554", "209386758", "213788772", "275428639", "338913944", "574192525", "599418450", "600785367", "620512551", "627391261", "629199993", "629301950", "632536159", "644101526", "646147436", "647374306", "1517169810", "1521386959", "1527096518", "1527642202", "1538925764", "1551209069", "1595275952", "1767515428", "1857856946", "1970266553", "1974782236", "1986838149", "1990453195", "1996908328", "1998179307", "1999251490", "1999686839", "2000637648", "2012391971", "2015780861", "2019176210", "2020003754", "2021641994", "2024317188", "2030870118", "2036529106", "2037397167", "2038967594", "2045768428", "2047156377", "2051718275", "2054440843", "2055576364", "2088983290", "2091141637", "2095696525", "2099183722", "2109641709", "2112142960", "2112288083", "2116559484", "2118613808", "2126337958", "2130252397", "2130534342", "2150518915", "2154700690", "2160561671", "2162608734", "2165007394", "2165933393", "2166374795", "2170114109", "2250959312", "2258832078", "2302167233", "2313903602", "2326950938", "2332433940", "2334032028", "2343658421", "2501302514", "2541404652", "2795543495", "2796592583", "2798456515", "2934944248", "2978595579", "3021673794", "3027633658", "3028491770", "3118606858", "3124423022" ], "abstract": "what do terrorists want no question is more fundamental for devising an effective counterterrorism strategy the international community cannot expect to make terrorism unprofitable and thus scarce without knowing the incentive structure of its practitioners the strategic model the dominant paradigm in terrorism studies posits that terrorists are political utility maximizers according to this view individuals resort to terrorism when the expected political gains minus the expected costs outweigh the net expected benefits of alternative forms of protest the strategic model has widespread currency in the policy community extant counterterrorism strategies seek to defeat terrorism by reducing its political utility the most common strategies are to fight terrorism by decreasing its political benefits via a strict no concessions policy decreasing its prospective political benefits via appeasement or decreasing its political benefits relative to nonviolence via democracy promotion despite its policy r", "title_raw": "What Terrorists Really Want: Terrorist Motives and Counterterrorism Strategy", "abstract_raw": "What do terrorists want? No question is more fundamental for devising an effective counterterrorism strategy. The international community cannot expect to make terrorism unprofitable and thus scarce without knowing the incentive structure of its practitioners. The strategic model\u2014the dominant paradigm in terrorism studies\u2014posits that terrorists are political utility maximizers. According to this view, individuals resort to terrorism when the expected political gains minus the expected costs outweigh the net expected benefits of alternative forms of protest. The strategic model has widespread currency in the policy community; extant counterterrorism strategies seek to defeat terrorism by reducing its political utility. The most common strategies are to fight terrorism by decreasing its political benefits via a strict no concessions policy; decreasing its prospective political benefits via appeasement; or decreasing its political benefits relative to nonviolence via democracy promotion. Despite its policy r..." }, { "paper": "2163827136", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2008", "title": "consociationalism and the evolution of political cleavages in northern ireland 1989 2004", "label": [ "2776689000", "158071213", "521449643", "189464175" ], "author": [ "2407329713", "2133293951", "2606463615" ], "reference": [ "1967968635", "2003350916", "2005101856", "2053833690", "2078442027", "2097861827", "2104797698", "2155734255", "2322882882", "2504973317" ], "abstract": "political cleavages are often understood as deriving from either deep rooted social divisions or institutional incentives contemporary northern ireland provides a test of the mutability of apparently entrenched cleavages to institutional change research undertaken before the ceasefire in the 1990s found noticeable asymmetries in the patterns of cleavage within the unionist and nationalist blocs within the unionist bloc economic left right issues formed the main ideological division between the two major unionist parties this contrasted with an ethno national source of ideological division between the two nationalist parties however the emergence of a consociational form of government structure since then has demonstrated the ability of institutional incentives to reform some aspects of party competition swiftly as evidence of this we show that between 1989 and 2004 there was little change in the sources of support for sinn f in relative to the sdlp but the influence of left right ideology within the unionist bloc was negated as the influence of ethno nationalism dramatically increased", "title_raw": "Consociationalism and the Evolution of Political Cleavages in Northern Ireland, 1989\u20132004", "abstract_raw": "Political cleavages are often understood as deriving from either deep-rooted social divisions or institutional incentives. Contemporary Northern Ireland provides a test of the mutability of apparently entrenched cleavages to institutional change. Research undertaken before the ceasefire in the 1990s found noticeable asymmetries in the patterns of cleavage within the unionist and nationalist blocs. Within the unionist bloc, economic 'left-right' issues formed the main ideological division between the two major unionist parties. This contrasted with an ethno-national source of ideological division between the two nationalist parties. However, the emergence of a consociational form of government structure since then has demonstrated the ability of institutional incentives to reform some aspects of party competition swiftly. As evidence of this, we show that between 1989 and 2004 there was little change in the sources of support for Sinn F?in relative to the SDLP, but the influence of left-right ideology within the unionist bloc was negated as the influence of ethno-nationalism dramatically increased." }, { "paper": "2068456379", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2008", "title": "the discursive resistance to eu enticement the russian elite and the lack of europeanisation", "label": [ "93377909", "197487636", "2780153333", "2775987171", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2411278269" ], "reference": [ "3350118", "71248354", "102885776", "104518806", "248387596", "561584012", "586253714", "1503789425", "1544376164", "1557970622", "1561373140", "1567528795", "1568781630", "1599572148", "1607527944", "1683819811", "1992755313", "2003278282", "2004110262", "2019566739", "2022990085", "2038608553", "2056298823", "2063395130", "2070321974", "2100653055", "2120417735", "2120830793", "2125738014", "2129527518", "2142649016", "2149156201", "2154436145", "2159691769", "2177722293", "2188083576", "2320907206", "2487315756", "2488756446", "2551368873", "2587232950", "2735134193", "2800863951", "2890225096", "2905427941", "3121492087", "3121882759", "3123779896", "3123791076", "3124307316", "3151872007" ], "abstract": "abstract this article explores the discourse of the russian elite on foreign policy in general and on the european union in particular and identifies the main reasons for russia s resistance to europeanisation at a theoretical level the article builds upon the study of discourse conceived in structural terms and argues that discursive incompatibility at a deeper discursive level prevents the socialisation of elite members to attitudes more sympathetic to europe at a more superficial level methodologically the research is based on content analysis of major russian foreign policy documents presidential speeches and in particular of a set of interviews with russian foreign policy makers and academics most frequently in touch with the european union", "title_raw": "The Discursive Resistance to EU-Enticement: The Russian Elite and (the Lack of) Europeanisation", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This article explores the discourse of the Russian elite on foreign policy in general and on the European Union in particular, and identifies the main reasons for Russia's resistance to Europeanisation. At a theoretical level, the article builds upon the study of discourse conceived in \u2018structural\u2019 terms, and argues that discursive incompatibility at a deeper discursive level prevents the socialisation of elite members to attitudes more sympathetic to Europe at a more superficial level. Methodologically, the research is based on content analysis of major Russian foreign policy documents, presidential speeches and, in particular, of a set of interviews with Russian foreign policy-makers and academics most frequently in touch with the European Union." }, { "paper": "1992599572", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2008", "title": "the tyranny of false vision america s unipolar fantasy", "label": [ "2780219775", "94625758", "2776051254", "201960208", "2776126450", "199539241" ], "author": [ "719092876" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "for the past two decades the american political imagination has been possessed by a hazardous geopolitical vision the united states is defined as the dominant power in a closely integrated and unipolar international system a century of history has done much to encourage this view americans have trouble realising how revolutionary and threatening their unipolar vision can appear to others a world system dominated by one superpower is a bold and radical programme if successful it would mean for the first time in modern history a world without a general balance of power pursuing such a goal implies numerous confrontations with other nations it antagonises both states that fear decline and those that anticipate improvement nevertheless americans now find it difficult to entertain any other view of the world they have been slow to see let alone accept what to many others seems a more probable and desirable future a plural world with several centres of power", "title_raw": "The Tyranny of False Vision: America's Unipolar Fantasy", "abstract_raw": "For the past two decades, the American political imagination has been possessed by a hazardous geopolitical vision; the United States is defined as the dominant power in a closely integrated and \u2018unipolar\u2019 international system. A century of history has done much to encourage this view. Americans have trouble realising how revolutionary and threatening their unipolar vision can appear to others. A world system dominated by one superpower is a bold and radical programme. If successful, it would mean, for the first time in modern history, a world without a general balance of power. Pursuing such a goal implies numerous confrontations with other nations. It antagonises both states that fear decline and those that anticipate improvement. Nevertheless, Americans now find it difficult to entertain any other view of the world. They have been slow to see, let alone accept, what to many others seems a more probable and desirable future \u2013 a plural world with several centres of power." }, { "paper": "2147421649", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2008", "title": "us to debate tightening legislation on safety of chemicals", "label": [ "2777351106", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1764912543" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "US to debate tightening legislation on safety of chemicals", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2050156775", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "the real debate", "label": [ "2775925287", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2106076193" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "we in the united states are sliding down a ramp that will take us in just 4 days to the much anticipated super tuesday in the presidential nomination cycle when voters in over 20 states participate in preliminary elections to select their favorite candidate i have prepared for this by watching in alternating stages of boredom and disbelief the numerous debates staged by the creative powers who run television i wonder whether the same sensations haven9t affected our scientific colleagues in other nations where leadership is decided in an atmosphere that is well a bit more stately here it may be too late to change anyone9s mind about their vote on 5 february but perhaps between now and the culminating summer conventions that will announce the final party candidates we can have a debate focusing on the candidates9 views about science and technology", "title_raw": "The real debate.", "abstract_raw": "We in the United States are sliding down a ramp that will take us, in just 4 days, to the much anticipated \"Super Tuesday\" in the presidential nomination cycle, when voters in over 20 states participate in preliminary elections to select their favorite candidate. I have prepared for this by watching, in alternating stages of boredom and disbelief, the numerous \"debates\" staged by the creative powers who run television. I wonder whether the same sensations haven9t affected our scientific colleagues in other nations, where leadership is decided in an atmosphere that is, well, a bit more stately. Here it may be too late to change anyone9s mind about their vote on 5 February, but perhaps between now and the culminating summer conventions that will announce the final party candidates, we can have a debate focusing on the candidates9 views about science and technology." }, { "paper": "2068212353", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2008", "title": "why is there no radical right party in ireland", "label": [ "521449643", "199539241", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2096099835" ], "reference": [ "8070903", "67332667", "93556995", "583660172", "645669606", "978434593", "1580303033", "1915469221", "1987963854", "1988386362", "2008156616", "2015139807", "2016690730", "2029062258", "2034328075", "2063891905", "2086063196", "2113047693", "2118193764", "2126646666", "2127515694", "2134304653", "2143451041", "2143755459", "2145186724", "2148517842", "2167469348", "2259915401", "2482216357" ], "abstract": "the rise of the radical or extreme right parties in europe parties usually noted for strong sometimes racist anti immigrant ideologies has attracted a great deal of attention in political science ireland despite having some conditions favourable to the growth of such a party has no radical right party this paper argues that that this is because the space usually occupied by such parties for young poor people disaffected by economic change is taken up by sinn fein which though it has similarities to radical right parties differs markedly in its attitudes to immigrants it goes on to explain the special circumstances that prevent nationalist parties in ireland from presenting overtly anti immigrant platforms the focus on anti immigration and liberal economic policies for such parties may mean that other parties with strong resemblances are excluded from studies they might usefully be included", "title_raw": "Why is there no Radical Right Party in Ireland", "abstract_raw": "The rise of the radical or extreme right parties in Europe\u00a0\u2013\u00a0parties usually noted for strong, sometimes racist anti-immigrant ideologies\u00a0\u2013\u00a0has attracted a great deal of attention in political science. Ireland, despite having some conditions favourable to the growth of such a party has no radical right party. This paper argues that that this is because the \u2018space\u2019 usually occupied by such parties\u00a0\u2013\u00a0for young, poor people disaffected by economic change\u00a0\u2013\u00a0is taken up by Sinn Fein, which though it has similarities to radical right parties, differs markedly in its attitudes to immigrants. It goes on to explain the special circumstances that prevent nationalist parties in Ireland from presenting overtly anti-immigrant platforms. The focus on anti-immigration and liberal economic policies for such parties may mean that other parties with strong resemblances are excluded from studies they might usefully be included." }, { "paper": "2043296198", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2008", "title": "the power of sex and incumbency a longitudinal study of electoral performance in france", "label": [ "83009810", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2138876295" ], "reference": [ "588288507", "592865623", "604741545", "1519820483", "1783076381", "1977825494", "1978574156", "1979731730", "1991402570", "2003793024", "2046007100", "2050678076", "2051521685" ], "abstract": "in france s 2002 legislative elections parties spectacularly failed to respect the parity requirement of an equal number of male and female candidates women remained a minority especially in safe seats where heavy priority was given to the usually male incumbents parties defended this practice claiming that it was better to field incumbents than newcomers and that fielding a woman might cost them the seat although these claims were strongly refuted by feminist organizations they have been difficult to dis prove as women are often placed in the toughest seats and therefore tend to perform badly in the polls this article helps resolve the argument with a longitudinal study of electoral performance by comparing candidates within the same seat over several elections and controlling for swing the study separates candidate and seat effects to allow an objective evaluation the results suggest that it is parties not the electorate that are discriminating against women", "title_raw": "The Power of Sex and Incumbency: A Longitudinal Study of Electoral Performance in France", "abstract_raw": "In France's 2002 legislative elections, parties spectacularly failed to respect the `parity' requirement of an equal number of male and female candidates. Women remained a minority, especially in safe seats, where heavy priority was given to the (usually male) incumbents. Parties defended this practice, claiming that it was better to field incumbents than newcomers, and that fielding a woman might cost them the seat. Although these claims were strongly refuted by feminist organizations, they have been difficult to (dis)prove, as women are often placed in the toughest seats and therefore tend to perform badly in the polls. This article helps resolve the argument with a longitudinal study of electoral performance. By comparing candidates within the same seat over several elections, and controlling for swing, the study separates candidate and seat effects to allow an objective evaluation. The results suggest that it is parties, not the electorate, that are discriminating against women." }, { "paper": "2072361575", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2008", "title": "the new u s army marine corps counterinsurgency field manual as poltical science and political praxis introduction", "label": [ "94625758", "2777122596" ], "author": [ "2121845979" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the u s army marine corps counterinsurgency field manual by the u s army and marine corps forward by david h petraeus james f amos and john a nagl introduction by sarah sewall chicago university of chicago press 2007 472p 15 00", "title_raw": "The New U.S. Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual as Poltical Science and Political Praxis [Introduction]", "abstract_raw": "The U.S. Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual. By the U.S. Army and Marine Corps. Forward by David H. Petraeus, James F. Amos, and John A. Nagl. Introduction by Sarah Sewall. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. 472p. $15.00." }, { "paper": "3124621546", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2008", "title": "a textual historical theory of the ninth amendment", "label": [ "2779184190", "2776154427", "2779777834", "2778708595", "48764862", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2301819683" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "despite the lavish attention paid to the ninth amendment as supporting judicial enforcement of unenumerated rights surprisingly little attention has been paid to the amendment s actual text doing so reveals a number of interpretive conundrums for example although often cited in support of broad readings of the fourteenth amendment the text of the ninth says nothing about how to interpret enumerated rights such as those contained in the fourteenth no matter how narrowly one construes the fourteenth the ninth merely demands that such enumerated rights not be construed to deny or disparage other rights retained by the people the standard use of the ninth in other words has nothing to do with the text of the ninth amendment the standard theory of the ninth also places the text in considerable tension with that of the tenth amendment although both the ninth and tenth amendments close with the same reference to the people most contemporary scholars and courts treat the same term in the two amendments as having opposite meanings with the ninth referring to a single national people and tenth referring to the people in the several states finally the text of the ninth amendment appears to be in considerable tension with its historical application newly uncovered historical evidence reveals that for more than one hundred years after its enactment courts applied the ninth amendment in a manner that preserved the autonomous rights of the states the text of the ninth however speaks only of the retained rights of the people not the states this article addresses these and other textual mysteries of the ninth amendment the over all effort is to construct a text based theory of the ninth that both explains its historical application and reconciles the amendment with other texts in the constitution particularly the tenth and fourteenth amendments", "title_raw": "A textual-historical theory of the ninth amendment", "abstract_raw": "Despite the lavish attention paid to the Ninth Amendment as supporting judicial enforcement of unenumerated rights, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the Amendment\u2019s actual text. Doing so reveals a number of interpretive conundrums. For example, although often cited in support of broad readings of the Fourteenth Amendment, the text of the Ninth says nothing about how to interpret enumerated rights such as those contained in the Fourteenth. No matter how narrowly one construes the Fourteenth, the Ninth merely demands that such enumerated rights not be construed to deny or disparage other rights retained by the people. The standard use of the Ninth, in other words, has nothing to do with the text of the Ninth Amendment. The standard theory of the Ninth also places the text in considerable tension with that of the Tenth Amendment. Although both the Ninth and Tenth Amendments close with the same reference to \u201cthe people,\u201d most contemporary scholars and courts treat the same term in the two amendments as having opposite meanings, with the Ninth referring to a single national people and Tenth referring to the people in the several states. Finally, the text of the Ninth Amendment appears to be in considerable tension with its historical application. Newly uncovered historical evidence reveals that for more than one hundred years after its enactment, courts applied the Ninth Amendment in a manner that preserved the autonomous rights of the states. The text of the Ninth, however, speaks only of the retained rights of the people, not the states. This article addresses these and other textual mysteries of the Ninth Amendment. The over-all effort is to construct a text-based theory of the Ninth that both explains its historical application and reconciles the Amendment with other texts in the Constitution, particularly the Tenth and Fourteenth Amendments." }, { "paper": "2166905822", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2008", "title": "book review martha c nussbaum the clash within democracy religious violence and india s future cambridge harvard university press 2007 403 pp 29 95 hbk", "label": [ "555826173", "2778116729" ], "author": [ "2171909219" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Martha C. Nussbaum, The Clash Within: Democracy, Religious Violence, and India's Future (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007, 403 pp., $29.95 hbk.):", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2081751180", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2008", "title": "sierra leone a vote for better governance", "label": [ "201342494", "555826173", "3116431", "2777582232", "81631423", "94625758", "2776765990" ], "author": [ "2652363917" ], "reference": [ "1505185041", "1923686728", "2133462023", "2135975052" ], "abstract": "sierra leone recently emerged from a decade of brutal civil war in 2007 five years after the end of the conflict sierra leone held its most open and fair political contest to date resulting in a rare ruling party upset dissatisfaction with the party s peacetime management explains the defeat suffered by the slpp which made scant progress in addressing corruption mismanagement and marginalization while the vote gives hope that sierra leone and similar postconflict countries can regain their democratic footing the new leadership must address the country s endemic problems or risk renewed conflict", "title_raw": "Sierra Leone: A Vote for Better Governance", "abstract_raw": "Sierra Leone recently emerged from a decade of brutal civil war. In 2007, five years after the end of the conflict, Sierra Leone held its most open and fair political contest to date, resulting in a rare ruling party upset. Dissatisfaction with the party's peacetime management explains the defeat suffered by the SLPP, which made scant progress in addressing corruption, mismanagement, and marginalization. While the vote gives hope that Sierra Leone and similar postconflict countries can regain their democratic footing, the new leadership must address the country's endemic problems or risk renewed conflict." }, { "paper": "2034545767", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "italy not alone in science system woes", "label": [ "199539241", "2777161012", "2780587575" ], "author": [ "2072712956" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in the letter open letter to senator rita levi montalcini 21 march p 1615 1 r clementi et al raise concerns regarding the paucity of long term contracts among medical scientists in italy it is true that the nonmeritocratic system causes many young researchers to fail the system is further jeopardized by the fact that those who do achieve a professor position can hold the position with its financial guarantee for years regardless of productivity professors can become empty names they are hardly reachable and sometimes they are not even there even worse there are no formal procedures to handle misconduct allegations in italian universities however these challenges are not unique to the italian research community in the united states graduates also hold temporary positions for many years before the possibility of attaining even the nontenured rank of assistant professorship at this phase renewal of contract depends mostly on their productivity i e the number of publications in most institutions investigators are required to obtain funding to support their salaries and this has become more challenging given the recent drop in success rates for nih funded grant applications 1 2 the candidate is eligible for tenure only after a long probationary period of at least 7 years and according to one study 2 3 only 50 of the candidates will obtain tenure at which point their average age is 43 to 44 3 4 although presenting some disturbing characteristics in comparison to the united states italy does not seem to represent such a dramatic case 1 1 5 office of extramural research 2 2 6 1 m j dooris 2 m guidos paper presented at the annual forum of the association for institutional research chicago il 14 to 18 may 2006 www psu edu president pia planning research reports air tenure flow paper 06 pdf 7 3 3 8 national study of postsecondary faculty 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 319 5870 1615b 2 ref 1 3 ref 2 4 ref 3 5 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 6 xref ref 2 1 view reference 2 in text 7 http www psu edu president pia planning research reports air tenure flow paper 06 pdf 8 xref ref 3 1 view reference 3 in text", "title_raw": "Italy not alone in science system woes.", "abstract_raw": "In the letter \u201cOpen letter to Senator Rita Levi-Montalcini\u201d (21 March, p. [1615][1]), R. Clementi et al . raise concerns regarding the paucity of long-term contracts among medical scientists in Italy.\n\nIt is true that the nonmeritocratic system causes many young researchers to fail. The system is further jeopardized by the fact that those who do achieve a \u201cprofessor\u201d position can hold the position (with its financial guarantee) for years regardless of productivity. Professors can become \u201cempty names\u201d\u2014they are hardly reachable and sometimes they are not even there. Even worse, there are no formal procedures to handle misconduct allegations in Italian universities.\n\nHowever, these challenges are not unique to the Italian research community. In the United States, graduates also hold temporary positions for many years before the possibility of attaining even the nontenured rank of assistant professorship. At this phase, renewal of contract depends mostly on their productivity (i.e., the number of publications). In most institutions, investigators are required to obtain funding to support their salaries, and this has become more challenging, given the recent drop in success rates for NIH-funded grant applications ([1][2]). The candidate is eligible for tenure only after a long probationary period of at least 7 years and, according to one study ([2][3]), only 50% of the candidates will obtain tenure, at which point their average age is 43 to 44 ([3][4]).\n\nAlthough presenting some disturbing characteristics, in comparison to the United States, Italy does not seem to represent such a dramatic case.\n\n1. 1.[\u21b5][5]Office of Extramural Research ( ).\n \n\n2. 2.[\u21b5][6]1. M. J. Dooris, 2. M. Guidos\n , paper presented at the Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research , Chicago, IL, 14 to 18 May 2006 ([www.psu.edu/president/pia/planning\\_research/reports/AIR\\_Tenure\\_Flow\\_Paper_06.pdf][7]).\n \n\n3. 3.[\u21b5][8]National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( ).\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.319.5870.1615b\n [2]: #ref-1\n [3]: #ref-2\n [4]: #ref-3\n [5]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1. in text\"\n [6]: #xref-ref-2-1 \"View reference 2. in text\"\n [7]: http://www.psu.edu/president/pia/planning_research/reports/AIR_Tenure_Flow_Paper_06.pdf\n [8]: #xref-ref-3-1 \"View reference 3. in text\"" }, { "paper": "1597551919", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "promising year ends badly after fiscal showdown squeezes science", "label": [ "2779999868" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "2008 u s budgetthe democratic controlled congress lost a showdown with the republican white house on overall domestic spending levels resulting in much smaller numbers than science boosters had thought likely for the 2008 fiscal year that began on 1 october 2007", "title_raw": "Promising Year Ends Badly After Fiscal Showdown Squeezes Science", "abstract_raw": "2008 U.S. BUDGETThe Democratic-controlled Congress lost a showdown with the Republican White House on overall domestic spending levels, resulting in much smaller numbers than science boosters had thought likely for the 2008 fiscal year that began on 1 October 2007." }, { "paper": "2046717885", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2008", "title": "book review andrew walter governing finance east asia s adoption of international standards new york cornell university press 2008 256 pp 17 95 pbk", "label": [ "76775654" ], "author": [ "2608206721" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Andrew Walter, Governing Finance: East Asia's Adoption of International Standards (New York: Cornell University Press, 2008, 256 pp., \u00a317.95 pbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2796879864", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2008", "title": "alex j kay exploitation resettlement mass murder political and economic planning for german occupation policy in the soviet union 1940 1941 studies on war and genocide number 10 new york berghahn books 2006 pp xiii 242 75 00 reviews of bookseurope early modern and modern", "label": [ "94625758", "204342414" ], "author": [ "2293035427" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Alex J. Kay. Exploitation, Resettlement, Mass Murder: Political and Economic Planning for German Occupation Policy in the Soviet Union, 1940\u20131941. (Studies on War and Genocide, number 10.) New York: Berghahn Books. 2006. Pp. xiii, 242. $75.00.Reviews of BooksEurope: Early Modern and Modern", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122341224", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2008", "title": "punitive damages remunerated research and the legal profession", "label": [ "170692843", "83645499", "199539241", "2776812122" ], "author": [ "2297398591" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Punitive Damages, Remunerated Research, and the Legal Profession", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122514617", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2008", "title": "normative canons in the review of administrative policymaking", "label": [ "171460291", "126053111", "191795146", "17319257", "2777632292", "58583792", "2778272461", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2062282951" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "who should ensure that statutes are interpreted to reflect background norms left unaddressed by congress norms like respect for the rights of regulated parties protection of the interests of states and native american tribes avoidance of government bias and the separation of powers on the one hand courts have traditionally sought to protect these constitutionally inspired values by applying normative canons of construction on the other hand after the supreme court s chevron decision authority to interpret unclear regulatory statutes generally belongs not to judges but to agencies this question has polarized courts and commentators a majority including the supreme court adopts a categorical approach in which canons trump chevron displacing the agency s interpretive role altogether a minority including the ninth circuit concludes the opposite that courts should not apply canons but instead should leave full interpretive discretion to agencies this article rejects both categorical approaches and proposes an alternate analytic framework it argues that whether an agency policy comports with background norms should be considered as part of chevron s case by case step two inquiry into whether the policy is reasonable unlike the categorical approaches this context sensitive solution creates incentives for robust agency norm protection in the first instance but also permits courts to apply normative canons independently when administrative decisionmaking either offers little advantage or fails to account for the background values it implicates this solution also cabins judicial discretion to resolve broader policy questions and compels courts to be clearer about when and why different canonic formulations should apply and the implications for agency input in sum it best enlists the capacity of the administrative state to promote accountable and informed deliberation on the balance between regulatory goals and norms of constitutional dimension author assistant professor of law university of california berkeley school of law boalt hall many thanks to eric biber lisa bressman tino cuellar jody freeman philip frickey jacob gersen kristin hickman daniel ho jerry mashaw jonathan masur gillian metzger anne joseph o connell catherine sharkey matthew stephenson peter strauss cass sunstein molly van houweling kathryn watts phil weiser and other participants in the summer 2007 junior administrative law scholars conference the aba administrative law section s 2006 fall conference and the boalt hall junior working ideas group for generous and helpful comments and to brent k nakamura and christina stevens for superb research assistance bambergerop 10 14 2008 11 32 33 am normative canons in the review of administrative policymaking", "title_raw": "Normative Canons in the Review of Administrative Policymaking", "abstract_raw": "Who should ensure that statutes are interpreted to reflect background norms left unaddressed by Congress\u2014norms like respect for the rights of regulated parties, protection of the interests of states and Native American tribes, avoidance of government bias, and the separation of powers? On the one hand, courts have traditionally sought to protect these constitutionally inspired values by applying \u201cnormative\u201d canons of construction. On the other hand, after the Supreme Court\u2019s Chevron decision, authority to interpret unclear regulatory statutes generally belongs not to judges, but to agencies. This question has polarized courts and commentators. A majority, including the Supreme Court, adopts a categorical approach in which canons \u201ctrump\u201d Chevron, displacing the agency\u2019s interpretive role altogether. A minority, including the Ninth Circuit, concludes the opposite: that courts should not apply canons, but instead should leave full interpretive discretion to agencies. This Article rejects both categorical approaches and proposes an alternate analytic framework. It argues that whether an agency policy comports with background norms should be considered as part of Chevron\u2019s case-by-case, step-two inquiry into whether the policy is reasonable. Unlike the categorical approaches, this context-sensitive solution creates incentives for robust agency norm protection in the first instance, but also permits courts to apply normative canons independently when administrative decisionmaking either offers little advantage, or fails to account for the background values it implicates. This solution also cabins judicial discretion to resolve broader policy questions and compels courts to be clearer about when, and why, different canonic formulations should apply and the implications for agency input. In sum, it best enlists the capacity of the administrative state to promote accountable and informed deliberation on the balance between regulatory goals and norms of constitutional dimension. author. Assistant Professor of Law, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law (Boalt Hall). Many thanks to Eric Biber, Lisa Bressman, Tino Cuellar, Jody Freeman, Philip Frickey, Jacob Gersen, Kristin Hickman, Daniel Ho, Jerry Mashaw, Jonathan Masur, Gillian Metzger, Anne Joseph O\u2019Connell, Catherine Sharkey, Matthew Stephenson, Peter Strauss, Cass Sunstein, Molly van Houweling, Kathryn Watts, Phil Weiser, and other participants in the Summer 2007 Junior Administrative Law Scholars Conference, the ABA Administrative Law Section\u2019s 2006 Fall Conference, and the Boalt Hall Junior Working Ideas Group for generous and helpful comments, and to Brent K. Nakamura and Christina Stevens for superb research assistance. BAMBERGEROP 10/14/2008 11:32:33 AM normative canons in the review of administrative policymaking" }, { "paper": "2040716064", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2008", "title": "god and government in the ghetto the politics of church state collaboration in black americaby michael leo owens", "label": [ "148834064", "2776398702", "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "19500466" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "God and Government in the Ghetto: The Politics of Church-State Collaboration in Black Americaby Michael Leo Owens", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1975590030", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2008", "title": "understanding women s contribution to the health workforce", "label": [ "2778139618", "202789569" ], "author": [ "2069394246" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Understanding women's contribution to the health workforce", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2025563961", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2008", "title": "hope is not a plan the war in iraq from inside the green zoneedited by thomas mowle", "label": [ "199539241", "81631423" ], "author": [ "155901650" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Hope is Not a Plan: The War in Iraq from Inside the Green Zoneedited by Thomas Mowle", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1954426018", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "will beijing s dirty air hurt performance", "label": [ "2778304055" ], "author": [ "1736644647" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "will performance suffer if athletes hit a wall of hot polluted air in beijing probably say experts although there may be some surprising twists", "title_raw": "Will Beijing's Dirty Air Hurt Performance?", "abstract_raw": "Will performance suffer if athletes hit a wall of hot, polluted air in Beijing? Probably, say experts, although there may be some surprising twists." }, { "paper": "1556287783", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "chinese cancel international meeting", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2188333814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "anthropologythe chinese government last week canceled a major anthropology meeting scheduled for july in what appears to be a case of pre olympics jitters", "title_raw": "Chinese Cancel International Meeting", "abstract_raw": "ANTHROPOLOGYThe Chinese government last week canceled a major anthropology meeting scheduled for July in what appears to be a case of pre-Olympics jitters." }, { "paper": "2004258898", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2008", "title": "democracy and the new religious pluralismdemocracy and the new religious pluralism edited by banchoffthomas new york ny oxford university press 2007 334 pp 24 95 paper 9780195307290", "label": [ "555826173", "2777345323" ], "author": [ "2947485459" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democracy and the New Religious PluralismDemocracy and the New Religious Pluralism, edited by BanchoffThomas. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2007. 334 pp. $24.95 paper. 9780195307290.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3021501556", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2008", "title": "ongoing crisis communication planning managing and responding 2nd ed w t coombs sage publications 2007 207 pp paper 45 95", "label": [ "2776058685" ], "author": [ "2154593637" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and Responding, 2nd ed., W.T. Coombs. Sage Publications (2007), 207 pp., paper, $45.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2391021894", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2008", "title": "the global knowledge city and the new route in the process of china urbanization continued", "label": [ "2776051254", "2778676447", "191935318", "552854447" ], "author": [ "2710233785" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "knowledge city as a new concept of strategy of the city development in the twenty first century which took its rise both in the united states and europe in the 80 90s of last century has been recognized by the world since then a large number of successful knowledge cities have come into being in the world this new strategy has found a new path for the development of the future global cities in the course of china urbanization at present the fully understanding of its background its connotation its development situation characteristics and the original city which can be grown into knowledge city strategy by taking different action will be of great help to broadening our vision and bringing the construction of china urbanization into the global perspective so as to avoid the old path taken by the west by taking the knowledge based industry cluster as pioneer and innovation as great power to promote the transformation of our city to set up the new route of system of urbanization with china characteristics and win the initiative power of the sustainable development of the future with the knowledge based industries as the forerunner", "title_raw": "The Global Knowledge City and the New Route in the Process of China Urbanization(Continued)", "abstract_raw": "Knowledge City,as a new concept of strategy of the city development in the twenty first century,which took its rise both in the United States and Europe in the 80-90s of last century,has been recognized by the world.Since then,a large number of successful knowledge cities have come into being in the world.This new strategy has found a new path for the development of the future global cities.In the course of China urbanization at present,the fully-understanding of its background,its connotation,its development situation,characteristics and the original city which can be grown into Knowledge City Strategy by taking different action,will be of great help to broadening our vision and bringing the construction of China urbanization into the global perspective so as to avoid the old path taken by the West,by taking the knowledge-based industry cluster as pioneer and innovation as great power,to promote the transformation of our city,to set up the new route of system of urbanization with China characteristics and win the initiative power of the sustainable development of the future with the knowledge-based industries as the forerunner." }, { "paper": "2050245177", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2008", "title": "on war lessons to be learned", "label": [ "2780076394", "94625758", "509929229", "451841", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2717160467" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "since 1991 thinking about defence has been based on a fantastical theory about the character of future war rather than a clear vision of emerging threats to national and international security a thorough study of contemporary conflict in historical perspective is needed to correct flawed thinking about the character of conflict help define future challenges to international security and build military and civilian governmental capabilities to meet those challenges recent and ongoing conflicts in afghanistan iraq and southern lebanon reveal that military campaigns must be subordinate to a larger strategy that integrates political military diplomatic economic and strategic communication efforts military forces must abandon the illusion that technology can solve the problem of future conflict leaders should also abandon the belief that wars can be waged efficiently with a minimalist approach to the commitment of forces and other resources", "title_raw": "On War: Lessons to be Learned", "abstract_raw": "Since 1991, thinking about defence has been based on a fantastical theory about the character of future war rather than a clear vision of emerging threats to national and international security. A thorough study of contemporary conflict in historical perspective is needed to correct flawed thinking about the character of conflict, help define future challenges to international security, and build military and civilian governmental capabilities to meet those challenges. Recent and ongoing conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq and southern Lebanon reveal that military campaigns must be subordinate to a larger strategy that integrates political, military, diplomatic, economic and strategic communication efforts. Military forces must abandon the illusion that technology can solve the problem of future conflict. Leaders should also abandon the belief that wars can be waged efficiently with a minimalist approach to the commitment of forces and other resources." }, { "paper": "1999954498", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2008", "title": "the future of human rights u s policy for a new era review", "label": [ "169437150" ], "author": [ "2619050196" ], "reference": [ "366053643", "588379183", "628592984", "1545273226", "1568687946", "1580482696", "3126124863" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Future of Human Rights: U.S. Policy for a New Era (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1981913360", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2008", "title": "democratic transition and democratic survival in benin", "label": [ "199539241", "555826173", "83009810", "197487636", "17058734" ], "author": [ "2578258434" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "through its national conference in 1990 and presidential and legislative elections in 1991 benin successfully undertook a transition to democracy notwithstanding some electoral irregularities this minimal democracy has survived since witnessing three successful alternations of executive power a deviant case benin is not well explained by theories of democratization that highlight economic development and diffusion effects in examining the beninese case this article focuses on the transition in three stages the collapse of the incumbent government the transition to democracy and the survival or consolidation of minimal democracy thereafter in explaining each of these stages it argues that different factors were key in the first economic crisis exacerbated existing weaknesses in the incumbent government in the second external actors supported democratization while diverse domestic groups contributed to a process that was not dominated by any single group and in the third domestic", "title_raw": "Democratic Transition and Democratic Survival in Benin", "abstract_raw": "Through its National Conference in 1990 and presidential and legislative elections in 1991, Benin successfully undertook a transition to democracy. Notwithstanding some electoral irregularities, this (minimal) democracy has survived since, witnessing three successful alternations of executive power. A \u2018deviant\u2019 case, Benin is not well explained by theories of democratization that highlight economic development and diffusion effects. In examining the Beninese case, this article focuses on the transition in three stages: the collapse of the incumbent government; the transition to democracy; and the survival (or \u2018consolidation\u2019) of minimal democracy thereafter. In explaining each of these stages, it argues that different factors were key: in the first, economic crisis exacerbated existing weaknesses in the incumbent government; in the second, external actors supported democratization, while diverse domestic groups contributed to a process that was not dominated by any single group; and in the third, domestic..." }, { "paper": "2085373444", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2008", "title": "unexpected affinities neoconservatism s place in ir theory", "label": [ "94625758", "112824633", "199539241", "2776398702", "196927870", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2485857446" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "is neoconservatism a coherent theory of international politics many previous efforts to illuminate what might be called the neoconservative worldview have been limited to descriptions of policies favored by neoconservatives while illumination of an underlying ontology is largely absent this article proceeds by drawing a series of premises about the social world from authors who identify with neoconservative political thought despite similarities with liberalism and realism the core assumptions of neocon theory collectively represent a systemic constructivist account of ir neoconservatives put forth a set of propositions which lead to generalizable conclusions regarding the outcomes of state interactions in the international system", "title_raw": "Unexpected Affinities? Neoconservatism's Place in IR Theory", "abstract_raw": "Is neoconservatism a coherent theory of international politics? Many previous efforts to illuminate what might be called the neoconservative worldview have been limited to descriptions of policies favored by neoconservatives, while illumination of an underlying ontology is largely absent. This article proceeds by drawing a series of premises about the social world from authors who identify with neoconservative political thought. Despite similarities with liberalism and realism, the core assumptions of neocon theory collectively represent a systemic constructivist account of IR. Neoconservatives put forth a set of propositions which lead to generalizable conclusions regarding the outcomes of state interactions in the international system." }, { "paper": "2096528213", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2008", "title": "book review fiona macaulay gender politics in brazil and chile the role of parties in national and local policymaking new york palgrave macmillan 2006 50 00 hbk xvi 231 pp isbn 0 333 736 141 0333736141", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2631158877" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Fiona Macaulay, Gender Politics in Brazil and Chile: The Role of Parties in National and Local Policymaking. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. \u00a350.00 (hbk), xvi + 231 pp. ISBN 0 333 736 141; 0333736141", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2154372572", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2008", "title": "seeing what has always been opening study of the presidency", "label": [ "2775987171", "197487636", "2778757428", "2776129789", "2781243023", "2780510313" ], "author": [ "2506849326" ], "reference": [ "31593702", "131614806", "398410962", "591586990", "599665624", "645881928", "1975894819", "1992445699", "2029731278", "2053604412", "2070189405", "2078600945", "2093520298", "2098198696", "2099507804", "2114365820", "2119129636", "2145382344", "2152330294", "2154604956", "2156711696", "2328912303", "2496230793", "2499319572" ], "abstract": "the 2008 presidential election has been widely touted as historic because a woman and an african american became viable candidates for a major party thereby thrusting gender and race into the spotlight of course gender and race have always been present as informal criteria for u s presidential candidates at the constitutional founding only white propertied men with sufficient affluence to be gentlemen of leisure were deemed suitable for national office wood 1991 following the traditions of kings and military leaders the executive was assumed to be an elite man and the institution itself became associated with men and fashioned in the preferences of its founders march and olsen 1989 for the presidency founding fathers sought a heroic man capable of leading in the extra legal realm that they recognized could not be fully anticipated in law kann 1998 since then presidential campaigns have always been about what kind of man should hold an office predicated upon masculinity while certainly presidential candidates characters have been most discussed the quality of each candidate s masculinity has been embedded in the sizing up of presidential timber character and the person", "title_raw": "\u201cSeeing What Has Always Been\u201d: Opening Study of the Presidency", "abstract_raw": "The 2008 presidential election has been widely touted as historic because a woman and an African American became viable candidates for a major party, thereby thrusting gender and race into the spotlight. Of course, gender and race have always been present as informal criteria for U.S. presidential candidates. At the constitutional founding, only white propertied men with sufficient affluence to be gentlemen of leisure were deemed suitable for national office (Wood 1991 ). Following the traditions of kings and military leaders, the executive was assumed to be an elite man and the institution itself became associated with men and fashioned in the preferences of its founders (March and Olsen 1989 ). For the presidency, founding fathers sought a heroic man, capable of leading in the extra-legal realm that they recognized could not be fully anticipated in law (Kann 1998 ). Since then, presidential campaigns have always been about what kind of man should hold an office predicated upon masculinity. While certainly presidential candidates' characters have been most discussed, the quality of each candidate's masculinity has been embedded in the sizing up of presidential timber, character, and the person." }, { "paper": "2042793178", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "scientists plant grass roots effort for obama in final days of contest", "label": [ "201280247", "197487636", "2777582232", "94625758" ], "author": [ "91872485" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "since september more than three dozen scientists have placed articles or letters supporting presidential candidate senator barack obama in 50 plus newspapers in 20 states political analysts say obama has captured the lion9s share of visible support among scientists", "title_raw": "Scientists Plant Grass-Roots Effort for Obama in Final Days of Contest", "abstract_raw": "Since September, more than three dozen scientists have placed articles or letters supporting presidential candidate Senator Barack Obama in 50-plus newspapers in 20 states. Political analysts say Obama has captured the lion9s share of visible support among scientists." }, { "paper": "2148874115", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2008", "title": "between democracy and revolution peasant support for insurgency versus democracy in nepal", "label": [ "2779220025", "555826173", "510578393", "542948173", "520049643", "2777162435" ], "author": [ "2127624555", "2113697285" ], "reference": [ "270474471", "626246469", "647555346", "1533369859", "1591209381", "1823439115", "1994990033", "2015421235", "2050333529", "2052902767", "2097926822", "2125353502", "2134773407", "2137002389", "2142013610", "2143621206", "2151780178", "2300728738", "2320890672", "3122074090", "3151307774" ], "abstract": "the maoist insurgency in nepal presents an anomaly for students of civil war and democratic transitions how was the maoist wing of the nepal communist party able to mobilize peasants to support their insurgency when they could not mobilize enough peasants to vote for them in elections the authors address these questions by exploring the ways in which the persistence of traditional clientelist networks in the countryside enabled rural elites to mobilize peasants to vote for parties other than the maoist party even though peasants would have benefited from that party s advocacy for land reform when that same party used insurgent violence against rural elites peasants were willing and able to support the insurgency and abstain from voting in the 1999 election in locales where the insurgency succeeded in disrupting clientelist ties the authors test these arguments with district level data on election turnout and the distribution of households among several land tenure categories findings support the argument that turnout was greater where land tenure patterns gave landed elite greater influence over peasant political behavior where higher levels of insurgent violence disrupted patterns of clientelist dependency turnout declined what electoral democracy could not deliver to peasants land reform and relief from clientelist dependency the maoist insurgency promised to bring through political violence", "title_raw": "Between Democracy and Revolution: Peasant Support for Insurgency versus Democracy in Nepal:", "abstract_raw": "The Maoist insurgency in Nepal presents an anomaly for students of civil war and democratic transitions. How was the Maoist wing of the Nepal Communist Party able to mobilize peasants to support their insurgency when they could not mobilize enough peasants to vote for them in elections? The authors address these questions by exploring the ways in which the persistence of traditional clientelist networks in the countryside enabled rural elites to mobilize peasants to vote for parties other than the Maoist party, even though peasants would have benefited from that party\u2019s advocacy for land reform. When that same party used insurgent violence against rural elites, peasants were willing and able to support the insurgency and abstain from voting in the 1999 election in locales where the insurgency succeeded in disrupting clientelist ties. The authors test these arguments with district-level data on election turnout and the distribution of households among several land-tenure categories. Findings support the argument that turnout was greater where land-tenure patterns gave landed elite greater influence over peasant political behavior. Where higher levels of insurgent violence disrupted patterns of clientelist dependency, turnout declined. What electoral democracy could not deliver to peasants \u2013 land reform and relief from clientelist dependency \u2013 the Maoist insurgency promised to bring through political violence." }, { "paper": "85102998", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2008", "title": "the age of nonpolarity", "label": [ "172002799", "186229450", "93377909", "2776051254", "188888794", "2777720223" ], "author": [ "2776002069" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the twentieth century started out distinctly multipolar but after almost 50 years two world wars and many smaller conflicts a bipolar system emerged then with the end of the cold war and the demise of the soviet union bipolarity gave way to unipolarity an international system dominated by one power in this case the united states but today power is diffuse and the onset of nonpolarity raises a number of important questions how does nonpolarity differ from other forms of international order how and why did it materialize what are its likely consequences and how should the united states respond", "title_raw": "The Age of Nonpolarity", "abstract_raw": "The twentieth century started out distinctly multipolar. But after almost 50 years, two world wars, and many smaller conflicts, a bipolar system emerged. Then, with the end of the Cold War and the demise of the Soviet Union, bipolarity gave way to unipolarity -an international system dominated by one power, in this case the United States. But today power is diffuse, and the onset of nonpolarity raises a number of important questions. How does nonpolarity differ from other forms of international order? How and why did it materialize? What are its likely consequences? And how should the United States respond?" }, { "paper": "2035481337", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2008", "title": "building capacity in election administration local responses to complexity and interdependence", "label": [ "2781276832", "2776742560", "2781334022", "134215751", "2781008272", "39549134", "3116431", "2776050585" ], "author": [ "2268984368", "220190409" ], "reference": [ "1512922535", "1527786589", "1547966430", "1570505374", "1574597499", "1594988144", "1598805640", "1916918214", "1967837080", "1979310412", "1995698978", "2037922154", "2044035354", "2046130094", "2048920028", "2065889372", "2065901891", "2069472413", "2070050240", "2114412976", "2127039281", "2127493267", "2161511149", "2317067758", "2327985183", "2329650906", "2332543515", "2544202374", "3021350996" ], "abstract": "public administration research has identified networks professionalization and collaboration with community interests as potential principles by which public organizations can enhance their capacity and effectiveness this article explores the implementation of these principles by election administrators at the local level where their ability to conduct elections is the subject of current scrutiny findings indicate that election administrators established networks professional organizations professionalization requirements and community collaborations prior to the passage of the help america vote act of 2002 findings also suggest that local election efforts may become more effective as a result of certain provisions of the act that promote centralization and information dissemination local election administrators may also continue to build capacity by applying these public administration principles", "title_raw": "Building Capacity in Election Administration: Local Responses to Complexity and Interdependence", "abstract_raw": "Public administration research has identified networks, professionalization, and collaboration with community interests as potential principles by which public organizations can enhance their capacity and effectiveness. This article explores the implementation of these principles by election administrators at the local level, where their ability to conduct elections is the subject of current scrutiny. Findings indicate that election administrators established networks, professional organizations, professionalization requirements and community collaborations prior to the passage of the Help America Vote Act of 2002. Findings also suggest that local election efforts may become more effective as a result of certain provisions of the act that promote centralization and information dissemination. Local election administrators may also continue to build capacity by applying these public administration principles." }, { "paper": "1966795844", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2008", "title": "critical analysis of blogging in public relations", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2102176278" ], "reference": [ "45197673", "67906345", "194116290", "628141330", "848725984", "1485938413", "1495928467", "1515424492", "1516605260", "1560225671", "1603489068", "1979895396", "1980533987", "1984765835", "1986918346", "1987930784", "1990513740", "2001082667", "2029460038", "2040019657", "2049902961", "2064072128", "2064730034", "2088649098", "2120478837", "2171184369", "2753533763", "2797027746", "3005471059" ], "abstract": "abstract this essay conducts an analysis of blogs as public relations tools following an overview of blogs attention is given to how blogs can be used more effectively by public relations professionals and how blogs are favored by communication firms and consultants as essential public relations tools the essay concludes that while blogs have incredible potential as research framing and persuasion tools their utility as a public relations tool is currently limited", "title_raw": "Critical analysis of blogging in public relations", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This essay conducts an analysis of blogs as public relations tools. Following an overview of blogs, attention is given to how blogs can be used more effectively by public relations professionals, and how blogs are favored by communication firms and consultants as essential public relations tools. The essay concludes that while blogs have incredible potential as research, framing, and persuasion tools, their utility as a public relations tool is currently limited." }, { "paper": "2068854289", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2008", "title": "the disaster gypsies humanitarian workers in the world s deadliest conflictsby john norris", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2149070984" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Disaster Gypsies: Humanitarian Workers in the World's Deadliest Conflictsby John Norris", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2159055086", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2008", "title": "the politics of constitutional change between reform and evolution", "label": [ "94625758", "56720970", "2776331573", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2035921934", "2306019551" ], "reference": [ "58355123", "89448621", "152041921", "279215054", "568362573", "604823557", "800164595", "819422887", "1501205799", "1541919236", "1560482554", "1975936856", "1983480378", "1990092815", "2014947932", "2036558120", "2063104451", "2089338064", "2102550609", "2110465286", "2115676859", "2118521058", "2140516295", "2156558938", "2400699706", "2480451302", "2494123502", "2578318565", "2797863700", "3005898555" ], "abstract": "in this article we investigate the dynamics of constitutional policy starting from the observation that federal systems are confronted with a two sided dilemma of stability and flexibility the question is how necessary constitutional change can be accomplished in spite of special rules of amendment and numerous veto players we propose an analytical distinction of reform and evolution as two modes of constitutional change that can complement and in part substitute for each other comparative research shows that those two modes can effectively account for different patterns of constitutional change and that a two track mode of constitutional change making use of a flexible interplay of both reform and evolution can best secure federal stability over the long run copyright 2009 oxford university press", "title_raw": "The Politics of Constitutional Change between Reform and Evolution", "abstract_raw": "In this article, we investigate the dynamics of constitutional policy. Starting from the observation that federal systems are confronted with a two-sided dilemma of stability and flexibility, the question is how necessary constitutional change can be accomplished in spite of special rules of amendment and numerous veto players. We propose an analytical distinction of reform and evolution as two modes of constitutional change that can complement and in part substitute for each other. Comparative research shows that those two modes can effectively account for different patterns of constitutional change and that a two-track mode of constitutional change making use of a flexible interplay of both reform and evolution can best secure federal stability over the long run. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press." }, { "paper": "2075377963", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2008", "title": "the dynamics of social capital and community associations in uganda linking capital and its consequences", "label": [ "513891491", "142806620", "68062652", "189326681", "9701087", "37129596", "555826173" ], "author": [ "1996449058", "1997385631" ], "reference": [ "54666213", "133927714", "138823029", "142368876", "211493182", "249042674", "328294494", "1519404771", "1528438767", "1533558196", "1561018600", "1591338730", "1965593772", "1973995725", "1977831650", "1979196617", "1982607212", "1985707021", "1996925457", "2008939712", "2014194341", "2023220395", "2029656414", "2033122065", "2046796830", "2047291105", "2047394339", "2055521903", "2055684940", "2060824109", "2061518704", "2071996807", "2081509620", "2082066044", "2084763532", "2093281620", "2101392737", "2109467810", "2109745229", "2115059495", "2125892529", "2127416094", "2131096531", "2132341223", "2135409175", "2143943407", "2146238704", "2146240658", "2146979972", "2147264455", "2170484297", "2172195481", "2175723801", "2246139573", "2262686897", "2330611154", "3121147769", "3149953018", "3184651103" ], "abstract": "summary social capital does not always promote democratic practices but has different effects at different points this dynamic is well characterized by a distinction between bonding bridging and linking social capital this is analyzed through an examination of three community associations in uganda in particular it is shown how linking social capital can negatively impact the association in general and democratic governance in particular if not accompanied by sufficient bonding and bridging social capital", "title_raw": "The dynamics of social capital and community associations in Uganda: linking capital and its consequences", "abstract_raw": "Summary Social capital does not always promote democratic practices, but has different effects at different points. This dynamic is well characterized by a distinction between bonding, bridging, and linking social capital. This is analyzed through an examination of three community associations in Uganda. In particular, it is shown how linking social capital can negatively impact the association in general, and democratic governance in particular, if not accompanied by sufficient bonding, and bridging social capital." }, { "paper": "2111989292", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2008", "title": "andrew jackson and the constitution the rise and fall of generational regimesby gerard n magliocca", "label": [ "2776154427" ], "author": [ "2308227669" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Andrew Jackson and the Constitution: The Rise and Fall of Generational Regimesby Gerard N. Magliocca", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2746208567", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2008", "title": "tea and tourism tourists traditions and transformations l jolliffe channel view publications clevedon 2006 262pp 29 95 pbk isbn 13 978 1 84541 056 89", "label": [ "18918823" ], "author": [ "1949848433" ], "reference": [ "86738035", "3000192137" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Tea and Tourism: Tourists, Traditions and Transformations, L. Jolliffe. Channel View Publications, Clevedon (2006), 262pp., \u00a329.95 (pbk), ISBN: 13:978-1-84541-056-89", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2044124462", "venue": "130750583", "year": "2008", "title": "globalisation and environmental governance is another world possible", "label": [ "2119116" ], "author": [ "427492000" ], "reference": [ "2027529454", "2043478245", "2055751903", "2105314708", "2134645493" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Globalisation and environmental governance: Is another world possible?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2393256829", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2008", "title": "a review of the reform of french comprehensive universities in 2007", "label": [ "45237549", "148834064", "2777638717", "181575753", "3116431", "2778011250", "120912362", "65414064" ], "author": [ "2362947975" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "with the promulgation of the law on liberties and responsibilities of universities in august 2007 a new reform has been launched for higher education in france in view of the various issues facing comprehensive universities the government has drawn up a series of measures aimed at promoting the autonomy of universities and decided to provide substantial funding for higher education and scientific researches from the fundamental transformation of the government s role restructuring superior of universities implementing equal educational rights and involvement principle and carrying out internationalization of higher education this ongoing reform reflects the development trends of french comprehensive universities and is set to inject fresh vitality into the development of french higher education in the 21st century", "title_raw": "A review of the reform of French comprehensive universities in 2007", "abstract_raw": "With the promulgation of the Law on Liberties and Responsibilities of Universities in August 2007,a new reform has been launched for higher education in France.In view of the various issues facing comprehensive universities,the government has drawn up a series of measures aimed at promoting the autonomy of universities,and decided to provide substantial funding for higher education and scientific researches.From the fundamental transformation of the government's role,restructuring superior of universities,implementing equal educational rights and involvement principle,and carrying out internationalization of higher education,this ongoing reform reflects the development trends of French comprehensive universities,and is set to inject fresh vitality into the development of French higher education in the 21st century." }, { "paper": "2157385525", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2008", "title": "what s good for the goose is bad for the gander negative political advertising partisanship and turnout", "label": [ "94625758", "2779838221", "46295352", "2780102209", "2779636406" ], "author": [ "2985954487", "2516816622", "2161987313", "2486292020" ], "reference": [ "28957472", "603825928", "1487726077", "1503042507", "1509890826", "1543632889", "1746788904", "1986035178", "1999211439", "2005610432", "2012748681", "2013778584", "2035534527", "2044961916", "2045000608", "2051867648", "2066339361", "2070001232", "2091975008", "2100226023", "2137180816", "2148685192", "2150047195", "2158032059", "2322831398", "2326681523", "2330426850" ], "abstract": "this study examines citizens perceptions of fairness and legitimacy in political advertising using focus groups an original national survey and data on election 2000 as well as drawing on results from a replication of the national survey in 2004 we characterize political ads from the citizen s perspective we then turn to the impact of negative advertising on voter turnout like several studies we find circumstances under which turnout can be increased by negative ad criticisms however we show that this general result is only part of the story drawing on research in political psychology we suggest that voters are motivated processors of advertising claims as such they evaluate the fairness of an ad according to their partisan predispositions we show that when partisans perceive the criticisms of their own party s candidate to be fair they are less likely to say they will vote as a result we find that negative advertising not only may affect the total turnout in an election but also ha", "title_raw": "What's Good for the Goose is Bad for the Gander: Negative Political Advertising, Partisanship, and Turnout", "abstract_raw": "This study examines citizens\u2019 perceptions of fairness and legitimacy in political advertising. Using focus groups, an original national survey, and data on election 2000, as well as drawing on results from a replication of the national survey in 2004, we characterize political ads from the citizen's perspective. We then turn to the impact of \u201cnegative\u201d advertising on voter turnout. Like several studies, we find circumstances under which turnout can be increased by negative ad criticisms. However, we show that this general result is only part of the story. Drawing on research in political psychology, we suggest that voters are \u201cmotivated processors\u201d of advertising claims; as such, they evaluate the fairness of an ad according to their partisan predispositions. We show that when partisans perceive the criticisms of their own party's candidate to be fair, they are less likely to say they will vote. As a result, we find that negative advertising not only may affect the total turnout in an election but also ha..." }, { "paper": "2053472716", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2008", "title": "campaign advertising and democracy in taiwan", "label": [ "555826173", "197487636", "201280247", "200288055" ], "author": [ "2136179155" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article sets out a framework for conceptualizing and researching an increasingly important element of electoral competition in taiwan analysing the tone and content of television and newspaper advertising across three presidential campaigns it provides empirical estimates that challenge some common stereotypes about advertising in taiwan", "title_raw": "Campaign Advertising and Democracy in Taiwan", "abstract_raw": "This article sets out a framework for conceptualizing and researching an increasingly important element of electoral competition in Taiwan. Analysing the tone and content of television and newspaper advertising across three presidential campaigns, it provides empirical estimates that challenge some common stereotypes about advertising in Taiwan." }, { "paper": "2152606318", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2008", "title": "the surprisingly stronger case for the legality of the nsa surveillance program the fdr precedent", "label": [ "528167355", "2779670817", "2778272461", "42027317", "199539241", "18650270", "2778049185", "126053111", "517823627" ], "author": [ "2026278282", "2650448124" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Surprisingly Stronger Case for the Legality of the NSA Surveillance Program: The FDR Precedent", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2111964496", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2008", "title": "opinion taking within friendship networks", "label": [ "94625758", "109986646", "2780719617", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2068310655", "2164041605", "2113093429" ], "reference": [ "1508753969", "1977825494", "1992313479", "2030874315", "2046279784", "2052373060", "2064062304", "2069630233", "2075488831", "2105275777", "2120946983", "2121684756", "2144677027", "2151796435", "2153943092", "2157979842", "2333930280", "2477724493", "3121539865", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "communication within friendship networks can provide gains in efficiency that help individuals enrich their understanding of politics through two panel survey experiments we demonstrate that the dissemination of an individual s opinion about the hazards posed by public policies can have both durable and significant effects on the policy judgments of friends these effects are conditioned by both the content of the communication and the recipient s level of political awareness opinions emphasizing potential risks carry more weight than those that attempt to alleviate concerns about potential risks moreover opinion transmission is more effective for subjects who are less politically aware when policy issues are salient but when the political issue is more esoteric friends who are more politically aware evidence greater opinion change", "title_raw": "Opinion Taking within Friendship Networks", "abstract_raw": "Communication within friendship networks can provide gains in efficiency that help individuals enrich their understanding of politics. Through two panel survey experiments, we demonstrate that the dissemination of an individual's opinion about the hazards posed by public policies can have both durable and significant effects on the policy judgments of friends. These effects are conditioned by both the content of the communication and the recipient's level of political awareness. Opinions emphasizing potential risks carry more weight than those that attempt to alleviate concerns about potential risks. Moreover, opinion transmission is more effective for subjects who are less politically aware when policy issues are salient; but when the political issue is more esoteric, friends who are more politically aware evidence greater opinion change." }, { "paper": "2006443576", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2008", "title": "the general election in jamaica september 2007", "label": [ "59742305", "3116431" ], "author": [ "229398931" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The general election in Jamaica, September 2007\u2606", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2103146267", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2008", "title": "is polarization a myth", "label": [ "158071213", "177324205", "3116431", "94625758", "125505783" ], "author": [ "218982368", "2171433924" ], "reference": [ "199238147", "596577994", "1481749143", "1580899010", "1586508260", "1596896887", "1969863185", "1975191687", "1977825494", "1985708877", "1993388669", "1996702602", "2005181233", "2023040962", "2036758016", "2048717518", "2052977165", "2077719146", "2079767516", "2081839043", "2083491861", "2085604190", "2118775452", "2123295839", "2143725564", "2150908705", "2161456736", "2321114060", "2323922183", "2328441967", "3123023186" ], "abstract": "this article uses data from the american national election studies and national exit polls to test fiorina s assertion that ideological polarization in the american public is a myth fiorina argues that twenty first century americans like the midtwentieth century americans described by converse are not very well informed about politics do not hold many of their views very strongly and are not ideological 2006 19 however our evidence indicates that since the 1970s ideological polarization has increased dramatically among the mass public in the united states as well as among political elites there are now large differences in outlook between democrats and republicans between red state voters and blue state voters and between religious voters and secular voters these divisions are not confined to a small minority of activists they involve a large segment of the public and the deepest divisions are found among the most interested informed and active citizens moreover contrary to fiorina s", "title_raw": "Is Polarization a Myth", "abstract_raw": "This article uses data from the American National Election Studies and national exit polls to test Fiorina's assertion that ideological polarization in the American public is a myth. Fiorina argues that twenty-first-century Americans, like the midtwentieth-century Americans described by Converse, \u201care not very well-informed about politics, do not hold many of their views very strongly, and are not ideological\u201d (2006, 19). However, our evidence indicates that since the 1970s, ideological polarization has increased dramatically among the mass public in the United States as well as among political elites. There are now large differences in outlook between Democrats and Republicans, between red state voters and blue state voters, and between religious voters and secular voters. These divisions are not confined to a small minority of activists\u2014they involve a large segment of the public and the deepest divisions are found among the most interested, informed, and active citizens. Moreover, contrary to Fiorina's ..." }, { "paper": "2078853321", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2008", "title": "the use of opinion pollswhat polls can and cannot tell us about public opinion keynote speech at the 60th annual conference of wapor", "label": [ "134698397", "3116431", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2583633480" ], "reference": [ "1885319801", "1980942641", "1984531708", "2019887004", "2031037009", "2033622392", "2055002820", "2101285173", "2160460682", "2317040788", "2322273505", "2328341705", "2795500602", "3134655311" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Use of Opinion PollsWhat Polls Can and Cannot Tell us About Public Opinion: Keynote Speech at the 60th Annual Conference of WAPOR", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1975713091", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2008", "title": "democratic rights the substance of self government by corey brettschneider princeton princeton university press 2007 192p 29 95", "label": [ "148834064", "555826173", "48764862", "102912713" ], "author": [ "2105973614" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democratic Rights: The Substance of Self-Government . By Corey Brettschneider. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. 192p. $29.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2124202822", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2008", "title": "the check is in the mail interdistrict funding flows in congressional elections", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "1966996502", "2159758816", "2336576768" ], "reference": [ "23018172", "1486161446", "1578352366", "1596200526", "1985721193", "2014456979", "2031599561", "2040189814", "2042406855", "2048299358", "2050164375", "2059507040", "2071871921", "2082613272", "2087879234", "2093077888", "2113545791", "2114941286", "2117062748", "2123101171", "2124388664", "2124758339", "2128806193", "2143357977", "2156915024", "2239471341", "2313622370", "2333887238", "2335027320", "2612418769", "2798530022", "3123931404" ], "abstract": "this article analyzes the financial ties between congressional candidates and individual donors residing outside those candidates districts congressional campaigns today rely more heavily on nonresidents than in the past with contests in the typical district drawing more than two thirds of individual donations from nonresidents empirical results reveal that nonresident contributions are primarily partisan and strategic in nature rather than access oriented or expressive identity based funds are efficiently redistributed from a small number of highly educated wealthy congressional districts to competitive districts anywhere in the country big donors direct funds where they can make a difference for party control of seats even if those investments are hundreds or even thousands of miles away", "title_raw": "The Check Is in the Mail: Interdistrict Funding Flows in Congressional Elections", "abstract_raw": "This article analyzes the financial ties between congressional candidates and individual donors residing outside those candidates' districts. Congressional campaigns today rely more heavily on nonresidents than in the past, with contests in the typical district drawing more than two-thirds of individual donations from nonresidents. Empirical results reveal that nonresident contributions are primarily partisan and strategic in nature, rather than access-oriented or expressive/identity-based. Funds are efficiently redistributed from a small number of highly educated, wealthy congressional districts to competitive districts anywhere in the country. Big donors direct funds where they can make a difference for party control of seats, even if those investments are hundreds, or even thousands, of miles away." }, { "paper": "2064578258", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2008", "title": "who decides in the council of the european union", "label": [ "3116431", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2120748265" ], "reference": [ "568184738", "1517179628", "1544476761", "1939507591", "1943721943", "1963501390", "1969085057", "2003327569", "2026820633", "2032917361", "2044857764", "2049463971", "2062284317", "2069216055", "2082505129", "2089258326", "2096701932", "2124252203", "2134001068", "2145467570", "2148693067", "2153781341", "2155173899", "2171581707", "2742391309", "2798505589", "3125810405" ], "abstract": "this study presents reliable cross sectoral data on the relative involvement of working parties senior committees and ministers in legislative decision making of the council of the european union in general the results challenge the received wisdom that ministers are hardly involved in legislative decision making however the findings also indicate that the involvement of different council levels varies considerably across policy sectors the study concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for the debate about the democratic legitimacy of council decision making", "title_raw": "Who Decides in the Council of the European Union", "abstract_raw": "This study presents reliable cross-sectoral data on the relative involvement of working parties, senior committees and ministers in legislative decision-making of the Council of the European Union. In general, the results challenge the received wisdom that ministers are hardly involved in legislative decision-making. However, the findings also indicate that the involvement of different Council levels varies considerably across policy sectors. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for the debate about the democratic legitimacy of Council decision-making." }, { "paper": "2011545181", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2008", "title": "immigration and the transformation of europe", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "1976477031" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Immigration and the Transformation of Europe", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2794955539", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2008", "title": "the sentence imposed versus the statutory maximum repairing the armed career criminal act", "label": [ "199539241", "18769396", "158129432" ], "author": [ "2795095690" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Sentence Imposed versus the Statutory Maximum: Repairing the Armed Career Criminal Act", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2134452521", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2008", "title": "les lieux d activisme le mariage gai en belgique en france et en espagne", "label": [ "2779337067", "2780331565", "2776398702", "94625758", "81307892" ], "author": [ "250974858" ], "reference": [ "57217237", "128599683", "190623344", "223503493", "564007124", "568478063", "602549812", "604823557", "631013736", "632545024", "639151612", "820035284", "858373872", "1493766657", "1512244446", "1550740294", "1977573967", "2009005955", "2027365921", "2031731033", "2032631658", "2035675634", "2048448780", "2056101003", "2059902446", "2079643502", "2096034821", "2101055788", "2111989169", "2117120586", "2127148149", "2141944552", "2163707000", "2172099307", "2486866630", "3023355590" ], "abstract": "resume cet article etudie les lieux investis par les activistes lgbt durant les mobilisations en faveur de l ouverture du mariage civil aux couples de meme sexe en france en espagne et en belgique il montre que l articulation entre les niveaux etatique et infraetatiques ne resulte pas uniquement des variations institutionnelles de la structure des opportunites politiques ou a l image du scale jumping de considerations strategiques elle s inscrit aussi dans des phenomenes plus vastes la culture politique l histoire et l organisation des mouvements lgbt dans chacun des pays analyses ce texte discute ainsi certaines observations de miriam smith et de john grundy sur la deconnexion des niveaux d action au sein du mouvement lgbt canadien abstract this article examines the places invested by lgbt activists while advocating the opening up of civil marriage to same sex couples in france spain and belgium it shows how the articulation between state and sub state levels does not only result from institutional variations of the political opportunities structure or as for scale jumping from strategic concerns it also ensues from broader phenomena political culture as well as the history and organisation of lgbt movements in each of the countries under study this text also discusses some of miriam smith and john grundy s observations on the disconnections of action levels within the canadian lgbt movement", "title_raw": "Les lieux d'activisme: le mariage gai en Belgique, en France et en Espagne", "abstract_raw": "Resume. Cet article etudie les lieux investis par les activistes LGBT durant les mobilisations en faveur de l'ouverture du mariage civil aux couples de meme sexe en France, en Espagne et en Belgique. Il montre que l'articulation entre les niveaux etatique et infraetatiques ne resulte pas uniquement des variations institutionnelles de la structure des opportunites politiques ou, a l'image du scale-jumping , de considerations strategiques. Elle s'inscrit aussi dans des phenomenes plus vastes : la culture politique, l'histoire et l'organisation des mouvements LGBT dans chacun des pays analyses. Ce texte discute ainsi certaines observations de Miriam Smith (et de John Grundy) sur la deconnexion des niveaux d'action au sein du mouvement LGBT canadien. Abstract. This article examines the places invested by LGBT activists while advocating the opening-up of civil marriage to same-sex couples in France, Spain and Belgium. It shows how the articulation between state and sub-state levels does not only result from institutional variations of the political opportunities structure or, as for scale-jumping, from strategic concerns. It also ensues from broader phenomena: political culture, as well as the history and organisation of LGBT movements in each of the countries under study. This text also discusses some of Miriam Smith (and John Grundy)'s observations on the disconnections of action levels within the Canadian LGBT movement." }, { "paper": "2043632044", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2008", "title": "typology and dimensionality of litigation public relations strategies the hewlett packard board pretexting scandal case", "label": [ "39549134", "201280247" ], "author": [ "2569590080", "2180420166" ], "reference": [ "1545925749", "1974464936", "1997423432", "2010150349", "2010262563", "2016543196", "2017699773", "2019624209", "2024166371", "2036304954", "2038057831", "2038238636", "2039619242", "2076426442", "2088838672", "2116069652", "2171302293" ], "abstract": "abstract this study examined the content of litigation public relations lpr strategies hewlett packard used in its recent board pretexting scandal by analyzing the press releases and newspaper coverage seven types of lpr strategies were identified and mapped using multidimensional scaling mds along two continuums representing defense accommodation and ambiguity specification message attributes threat type was found to influence the choice of lpr strategies which in return impacted on how the publics attributed the organizational responsibility in the crisis the use of emotional message played an important role in the two new lpr strategies information supply and strategic avoidance", "title_raw": "Typology and dimensionality of litigation public relations strategies: The Hewlett-Packard board pretexting scandal case", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This study examined the content of litigation public relations (LPR) strategies Hewlett-Packard used in its recent board pretexting scandal by analyzing the press releases and newspaper coverage. Seven types of LPR strategies were identified and mapped using multidimensional scaling (MDS) along two continuums representing Defense\u2013Accommodation and Ambiguity\u2013Specification message attributes. Threat type was found to influence the choice of LPR strategies, which in return, impacted on how the publics attributed the organizational responsibility in the crisis. The use of emotional message played an important role in the two new LPR strategies, Information Supply and Strategic Avoidance." }, { "paper": "2321901222", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2008", "title": "state society relations in reform era china a unique case of postsocialist state led late development", "label": [ "191935318", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2335545740" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "State-Society Relations in Reform-Era China: A Unique Case of Postsocialist State-Led Late Development?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1969986388", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "new panel tackles boston peril", "label": [ "2776398702", "7991579" ], "author": [ "1893168251" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "responding to state and public concerns about the safety of a new biodefense lab being built by boston university the national institutes of health nih has set up a blue ribbon panel to provide an independent assessment of the 128 million facility we will thoroughly examine any potential risks", "title_raw": "New Panel Tackles Boston Peril", "abstract_raw": "Responding to state and public concerns about the safety of a new biodefense lab being built by Boston University, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has set up a blue-ribbon panel to provide an independent assessment of the 128 million facility. We will thoroughly examine any potential risks" }, { "paper": "2088970772", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2008", "title": "lee sartain invisible activists women of the louisiana naacp and the struggle for civil rights 1915 1945 invisible activists women of the louisiana naacp and the struggle for civil rights 1915 1945", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2277095192" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Lee Sartain.Invisible Activists: Women of the Louisiana NAACP and the Struggle for Civil Rights, 1915\u20131945.:Invisible Activists: Women of the Louisiana NAACP and the Struggle for Civil Rights, 1915\u20131945", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2148573347", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2008", "title": "representation corruption and subjective well being", "label": [ "112570445", "2776359362", "2776051254", "201342494" ], "author": [ "84047510" ], "reference": [ "607032178", "616769716", "629063669", "1525719377", "1525822648", "1569924848", "1779119392", "1969412433", "1969681916", "1977343123", "1979992768", "1991128340", "2007245110", "2018242801", "2019914007", "2030382014", "2031545505", "2038806377", "2051254327", "2058025562", "2058178502", "2088155659", "2094271392", "2098989819", "2104361748", "2107992979", "2126269244", "2126889012", "2127259621", "2130774671", "2134472446", "2139139031", "2142509463", "2149458473", "2151597075", "2151949046", "2159137790", "2161021309", "2251106635", "2292655744", "2332903904", "2497171922", "2943155306", "3046723133", "3121225713", "3121539865" ], "abstract": "this study examines the effect of corruption and representation on people s subjective well being using cross national data from 68 countries and survey data from 16 european democracies the analysis demonstrates that people report higher levels of subjective well being when a their governments perform well i e are clean rather than corrupt and b the party of their choice is in power the effect of corruption overshadows that of macro economic variables and conditions the effect of representation having one s party of choice in power increases well being when governments are clean but not when they are corrupt these findings provide strong and systematic evidence that governments can have a significant impact on people s well being", "title_raw": "Representation, Corruption, and Subjective Well-Being:", "abstract_raw": "This study examines the effect of corruption and representation on people's subjective well-being. Using cross-national data from 68 countries and survey data from 16 European democracies, the analysis demonstrates that people report higher levels of subjective well-being when (a) their governments perform well (i.e., are clean rather than corrupt) and (b) the party of their choice is in power. The effect of corruption overshadows that of macro-economic variables and conditions the effect of representation\u2014having one's party of choice in power increases well-being when governments are clean but not when they are corrupt. These findings provide strong and systematic evidence that governments can have a significant impact on people's well-being." }, { "paper": "2172041436", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "nih to get new look", "label": [ "2777471088", "2777070848" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the push to merge some of the 27 institutes and centers at the sprawling u s national institutes of health nih is back on the agenda last week director elias zerhouni announced that a panel drawn from inside and outside nih will be charged with examining its structure and looking for ways to improve efficiency with biomedicine becoming more complex nih must respond nimbly and strategically zerhouni said in a press release observers have long complained that nih is bogged down by a heavy superstructure created over the years at the behest of patient advocacy groups and congress former nih director harold varmus once said that there should be just six institutes and a 2003 institute of medicine report suggested some specific consolidations the 21 members of the new panel the nih scientific management review board which includes varmus will reexamine these ideas chair norman augustine former head of lockheed martin corp says he s optimistic that the panel will have clout because it was mandated by congress in the 2006 nih reform act it s a question of how compelling the arguments are augustine says nih has not yet scheduled the board s first meeting", "title_raw": "NIH to Get New Look", "abstract_raw": "The push to merge some of the 27 institutes and centers at the sprawling U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) is back on the agenda. Last week, Director Elias Zerhouni announced that a panel drawn from inside and outside NIH will be charged with examining its structure and looking for ways to improve efficiency. With biomedicine becoming more complex, \u201cNIH must respond nimbly and strategically,\u201d Zerhouni said in a press release.\n\nObservers have long complained that NIH is bogged down by a heavy superstructure created over the years at the behest of patient advocacy groups and Congress. Former NIH director Harold Varmus once said that there should be just six institutes, and a 2003 Institute of Medicine report suggested some specific consolidations. The 21 members of the new panel, the NIH Scientific Management Review Board, which includes Varmus, will reexamine these ideas. Chair Norman Augustine, former head of Lockheed Martin Corp., says he's optimistic that the panel will have clout because it was mandated by Congress in the 2006 NIH Reform Act. \u201cIt's a question of how compelling the arguments are,\u201d Augustine says. NIH has not yet scheduled the board's first meeting." }, { "paper": "2059034931", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2008", "title": "imagined enemies china prepares for uncertain warby john wilson lewis and xue litai", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2105885740" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Imagined Enemies: China Prepares for Uncertain Warby John Wilson Lewis and Xue Litai", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1978544790", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2008", "title": "europeanization new research agendas", "label": [ "2779707719", "94625758", "2780153333", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2117294022" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a book review of europeanization new research agendas edited by p graziano and m p vink basingstoke palgrave macmillan 2007 isbn 9781403995353", "title_raw": "Europeanization: New Research Agendas", "abstract_raw": "A book review of Europeanization: New Research Agendas, edited by P. Graziano and M.P. Vink, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, ISBN 9781403995353." }, { "paper": "2010792455", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2008", "title": "book review ricardo m s soares de oliveira oil and politics in the gulf of guinea new york columbia university press 2007 400 pp 19 00 32 00 pbk", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2630733461" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Ricardo M. S. Soares de Oliveira, Oil and Politics in the Gulf of Guinea (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007, 400 pp., \u00a319.00, $32.00, pbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2250802", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "german science takes an international view", "label": [ "2780328347" ], "author": [ "2014282320" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "annette schavan interviewannette schavan germany s research and education minister discusses germany s latest science policy developments with science", "title_raw": "German Science Takes an International View", "abstract_raw": "ANNETTE SCHAVAN INTERVIEWAnnette Schavan, Germany's research and education minister, discusses Germany's latest science policy developments with Science ." }, { "paper": "2571596522", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2008", "title": "market dreams gender class and capitalism in the czech republic", "label": [ "514928085" ], "author": [ "1630961818" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Market Dreams: Gender, Class and Capitalism in the Czech Republic", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1978187755", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2008", "title": "aids in the twenty first century disease and globalization by tony barnett and alan whiteside", "label": [ "2119116" ], "author": [ "2020033051" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "AIDS in the Twenty-First Century: Disease and globalization, by Tony Barnett and Alan Whiteside", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1964418609", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2008", "title": "the parliamentary election in ukraine september 2007", "label": [ "199539241", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2129293469" ], "reference": [ "1081530696", "1991666496", "2053774744", "2104557946", "2180321553", "2898902149" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The parliamentary election in Ukraine, September 2007", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "173000157", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2008", "title": "senior u s officials acknowledge waterboarding of three suspected terrorists administration defends practice", "label": [ "2776742560", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Senior U.S. Officials Acknowledge Waterboarding of Three Suspected Terrorists; Administration Defends Practice", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2101281676", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2008", "title": "can the democrats deliver for the base partisanship group politics and the case of organized labor in the 110th congress", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "172369223" ], "reference": [ "49839841", "1995046193", "2062186757" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Can the Democrats Deliver for the Base? Partisanship, Group Politics, and the Case of Organized Labor in the 110th Congress", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2103744108", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2008", "title": "victory in war foundations of modern military policy", "label": [ "183735805", "120302604", "2779220109", "199539241", "3116431", "541409800", "503427281", "451841" ], "author": [ "2344430196" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "victory in war foundations of modern military policy by william c martel cambridge cambridge university press 2007 436p 35 00 with the united states currently fighting protracted wars in both afghanistan and iraq the question of what it means to achieve victory in war has never been more important for u s foreign policy while policymakers scholars and military strategists have studied for millennia how to achieve victory in armed conflict victory in war seeks to provide an answer to a more fundamental question what precisely is the meaning of victory in war and how do we know when victory is achieved william c martel begins this book with the basic premise that there is currently no theory framework or set of organizing principles for understanding victory yet paradoxically the implicit assumption is that the unalloyed purpose of war strategy is to achieve it p 3 to address this glaring omission the author sets out to develop a pretheory of victory which entails the organization of principles about victory that can provide an analytic foundation for examining the concept of victory more systematically", "title_raw": "Victory in War: Foundations of Modern Military Policy", "abstract_raw": "Victory in War: Foundations of Modern Military Policy. By William C. Martel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 436p. $35.00. With the United States currently fighting protracted wars in both Afghanistan and Iraq, the question of what it means to achieve victory in war has never been more important for U.S. foreign policy. While policymakers, scholars, and military strategists have studied for millennia how to achieve victory in armed conflict, Victory in War seeks to provide an answer to a more fundamental question: What precisely is the meaning of victory in war and how do we know when victory is achieved? William C. Martel begins this book with the basic premise that there is currently no theory, framework, or set of organizing principles for understanding victory, yet paradoxically, \u201cthe implicit assumption [is] that the unalloyed purpose of [war] strategy is to achieve it\u201d (p. 3). To address this glaring omission, the author sets out to develop a \u201cpretheory\u201d of victory, which entails the organization of principles about victory that can provide an analytic foundation for examining the concept of victory more systematically." }, { "paper": "3123664184", "venue": "49968029", "year": "2008", "title": "law politics and access to essential medicines in developing countries", "label": [ "94625758", "109913982", "2777424817", "2119116", "34974158", "2778449271", "148834064", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2171786578" ], "reference": [ "566307403", "621765100", "622657072", "1264907649", "2024872052", "2046911712", "2180418841", "2264512200", "2481435733", "2759155986" ], "abstract": "this article argues that to advance the struggle for access to essential medicines it is necessary to identify the global and local regimes that shape the rules that give impetus to particular policy options while undermining others in exploring the role of law and politics in this process the author first outlines the globalization of a standardized corporate inspired intellectual property regime second the author uses the example of the hiv aids pandemic to demonstrate how the stability of this new regime came under pressure both locally and globally finally it is argued that while the global hiv aids pandemic and the social movements that emerged in response to government inaction have effectively challenged the trips regime this complex contestation has reached an unsustainable stalemate in which development aid corporate and non governmental philanthropy is simultaneously providing increased availability to drugs while precluding a more lasting solution to the crisis of access to essent", "title_raw": "Law, Politics, and Access to Essential Medicines in Developing Countries:", "abstract_raw": "This article argues that to advance the struggle for access to essential medicines, it is necessary to identify the global and local regimes that shape the rules that give impetus to particular policy options, while undermining others. In exploring the role of law and politics in this process, the author first outlines the globalization of a standardized, corporate-inspired, intellectual property regime. Second, the author uses the example of the HIV/AIDS pandemic to demonstrate how the stability of this new regime came under pressure, both locally and globally. Finally, it is argued that while the global HIV/AIDS pandemic and the social movements that emerged in response to government inaction have effectively challenged the TRIPS regime, this complex contestation has reached an unsustainable stalemate in which development aid, corporate, and non-governmental philanthropy is simultaneously providing increased availability to drugs while precluding a more lasting solution to the crisis of access to essent..." }, { "paper": "2796626632", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2008", "title": "lewis l gould four hats in the ring the 1912 election and the birth of modern american politics american presidential elections lawrence university press of kansas 2008 pp xvii 235 29 95 reviews of bookscanada and united states", "label": [ "197487636", "522562087" ], "author": [ "2715804713" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Lewis L. Gould. Four Hats in the Ring: The 1912 Election and the Birth of Modern American Politics. (American Presidential Elections.) Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. 2008. Pp. xvii, 235. $29.95.Reviews of BooksCanada and United States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2164239901", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2008", "title": "the chinese urban caste system in transition", "label": [ "191935318", "48057960", "2779509574", "21711469", "94625758", "2779327062" ], "author": [ "2171668185", "2145541747" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "using data from a 2004 national survey we examine the recent trends in the conditions of migrant workers in china our discussion engages the debate in the existing literature between the migrant workers as victims of china s economic growth and as a newly emerging political force with growing bargaining power the study focuses on three dimensions of migrant workers status their socio economic conditions relations with rural and urban residents and conflict resolution behaviour the findings indicate that while migrant workers continue to occupy more blue collar and service jobs than urban residents their economic social and political status has improved in some areas migrant workers show even more political activism than both rural and urban residents migrant workers growing social influence is a positive development in china s political diversification", "title_raw": "The Chinese Urban Caste System in Transition", "abstract_raw": "Using data from a 2004 national survey, we examine the recent trends in the conditions of migrant workers in China. Our discussion engages the debate in the existing literature between the migrant workers as victims of China's economic growth and as a newly emerging political force with growing bargaining power. The study focuses on three dimensions of migrant workers' status: their socio-economic conditions, relations with rural and urban residents, and conflict resolution behaviour. The findings indicate that while migrant workers continue to occupy more blue-collar and service jobs than urban residents, their economic, social and political status has improved. In some areas, migrant workers show even more political activism than both rural and urban residents. Migrant workers' growing social influence is a positive development in China's political diversification." }, { "paper": "2108075002", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2008", "title": "beyond the law the bush administration s unlawful responses in the war on terror", "label": [ "81631423", "199539241", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2103390878" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Beyond the Law: The Bush Administration's Unlawful Responses in the \u2018War\u2019 on Terror", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2134601074", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2008", "title": "integrating ethics into management", "label": [ "119232533" ], "author": [ "2027591196" ], "reference": [ "23049683", "1552853363", "1974131232", "1977343928", "1986669369", "1988941480", "1997069325", "2012490026", "2021840847", "2028181590", "2049989630", "2050739352", "2056253127", "2059410657", "2062965390", "2069160981", "2071815100", "2077405860", "2077998383", "2087198851", "2102305461", "2148339021", "2162131541", "2182973748", "2256225688", "2321487109", "2322716244" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Integrating Ethics into Management", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2164142751", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2008", "title": "teaching the iraq war", "label": [ "148834064", "94625758", "203715995", "158071213", "513891491", "81631423" ], "author": [ "2123191736" ], "reference": [ "2680854", "354336944", "363987676", "563425720", "589712077", "603952693", "613124618", "626693880", "632078634", "634191617", "1513688836", "1514748175", "1515295881", "1557116878", "1558307584", "1570880975", "1586209842", "1976808408", "1989665420", "2012259135", "2021881543", "2083102777", "2101215715", "2129568709", "2129631906", "2154436817", "2162967125", "2795614066", "2802697127", "2977211511" ], "abstract": "the last time members of the graduating class of 2008 lived in a nation at peace they were in the first month of their high school sophomore year because they are not subject to conscription because the wars in afghanistan and iraq are being fought by a professional army that has separated itself in many respects from civil society and because the government has asked little of society in the way of sacrifice for the wars today s undergraduates have little direct experience of conflict the armed forces or those people most affected by it what do we teach students about the war political scientists are often reluctant to teach current events aside from the fact emotions can run high and classroom discussion can be hijacked by unproductive ideological debates in real time we lack the kinds of patterned data that lend themselves to systematic analysis and prediction", "title_raw": "Teaching the Iraq War", "abstract_raw": "The last time members of the graduating class of 2008 lived in a nation at peace, they were in the first month of their high school sophomore year. Because they are not subject to conscription; because the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq are being fought by a professional army that has separated itself in many respects from civil society; and because the government has asked little of society in the way of sacrifice for the wars, today's undergraduates have little direct experience of conflict, the armed forces, or those people most affected by it. What do we teach students about the war? Political scientists are often reluctant to teach current events\u2014aside from the fact emotions can run high and classroom discussion can be hijacked by unproductive ideological debates, in real-time we lack the kinds of patterned data that lend themselves to systematic analysis and prediction." }, { "paper": "1992392260", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2008", "title": "the importance of being first", "label": [ "94625758", "2780510313", "2776693646", "2781440851", "2776359362", "3116431", "119588120", "83009810" ], "author": [ "1925243901" ], "reference": [ "2055270742" ], "abstract": "twenty years ago wilma rule 1987 published one of the first pieces that tested statistically a series of variables that might explain women s representation in national legislatures since its publication electoral systems contextual factors and women s opportunity for election to parliament in twenty three democracies has been widely cited extensively built upon and at times criticized despite the criticism the core ideas of rule s piece have stood up quite well and have been consistently confirmed by a wide range of authors using a wide range of techniques while her 1987 piece is her most widely cited work it is only one of a corpus of literature dealing with representation and electoral systems these were issues that interested rule throughout her career and to which she made several contributions the question that animated rule s interest in this particular case was what explains variations in women s representation in legislative bodies her 1987 article looking at women s representation in twenty three democracies was a follow up and an extension of her earlier western political quarterly article rule 1981 looking at women s representation across u s state legislatures the u s congress and nineteen countries in her 1981 piece using data from 1972 she had confirmed duverger s 1955 assertion that women were advantaged by proportional representation electoral systems in the 1987 piece using data from a decade later rule was interested in retesting her previous findings considering more extensively the role electoral systems play and identifying countries that were likely to lead in increasing women s representation in retesting her findings rule found significant effects for electoral systems women s labor force participation percentage women college graduates percentage unemployed percentage right wing members of parliament mps and percentage catholic in further analysis she factor analyzed her independent variables and identified three separate factors a political system component a socioeconomic component and an educational component all had significant effects on representation across countries in addition to testing for the effects of these variables rule took a particular interest in electoral systems this interest had a twofold source first was a belief that electoral systems were an important factor in determining the likelihood that women get elected second as a political institution established in drawing up the rules of the political game it was possible to engage in social engineering and design institutions so that women s representation might increase she followed up the statistically significant results of her regressions by showing that for four different democracies where both single member district and some type of proportional representation were used women were better represented in all cases under the proportional representation conditions in further analysis rule identified clusters of nations in terms of the likelihood that women would have significant political opportunities for improved representation she argued for an interaction between the political systems component and the socioeconomic component both being important to women s political opportunities but with the political factor having primacy using her categorization of political opportunity we can compare her predictions of twenty years ago with present day levels of representation when we do we see a strong degree of predictive power the predictions from 1987 largely hold today rule identified a political opportunity cluster consisting of four nordic countries where conditions were optimal for significant women s representation looking at those countries today they all have representation levels above 35 and are among the top ten countries in the world in terms of women s representation 1 on the other end rule identified a limited political opportunity cluster consisting of five countries with single member district electoral systems australia canada france united kingdom and united states", "title_raw": "The Importance of Being First", "abstract_raw": "Twenty years ago, Wilma Rule (1987) published one of the first pieces that tested statistically a series of variables that might explain women's representation in national legislatures. Since its publication, \"Electoral Systems, Contextual Factors and Women's Opportunity for Election to Parliament in Twenty-Three Democracies\" has been widely cited, extensively built upon, and at times criticized. Despite the criticism, the core ideas of Rule's piece have stood up quite well and have been consistently confirmed by a wide range of authors using a wide range of techniques. While her 1987 piece is her most widely cited work, it is only one of a corpus of literature dealing with representation and electoral systems. These were issues that interested Rule throughout her career and to which she made several contributions. The question that animated Rule's interest in this particular case was what explains variations in women's representation in legislative bodies. Her 1987 article looking at women's representation in twenty-three democracies was a follow-up and an extension of her earlier Western Political Quarterly article (Rule 1981) looking at women's representation across U.S. state legislatures, the U.S. Congress, and nineteen countries. In her 1981 piece, using data from 1972, she had confirmed Duverger's (1955) assertion that women were advantaged by proportional representation electoral systems. In the 1987 piece, using data from a decade later, Rule was interested in retesting her previous findings, considering more extensively the role electoral systems play, and identifying countries that were likely to lead in increasing women's representation. In retesting her findings, Rule found significant effects for electoral systems, women's labor force participation, percentage women college graduates, percentage unemployed, percentage right-wing Members of Parliament (MPs), and percentage Catholic. In further analysis, she factor analyzed her independent variables and identified three separate factors: a political-system component, a socioeconomic component, and an educational component. All had significant effects on representation across countries. In addition to testing for the effects of these variables, Rule took a particular interest in electoral systems. This interest had a twofold source. First was a belief that electoral systems were an important factor in determining the likelihood that women get elected. second, as a political institution established in drawing up the rules of the political game, it was possible to engage in social engineering and design institutions so that women's representation might increase. She followed up the statistically significant results of her regressions by showing that for four different democracies where both single-member district and some type of proportional representation were used, women were better represented in all cases under the proportional representation conditions. In further analysis, Rule identified clusters of nations in terms of the likelihood that women would have significant political opportunities for improved representation. She argued for an interaction between the political-systems component and the socioeconomic component, both being important to women's political opportunities but with the political factor having primacy. Using her categorization of political opportunity, we can compare her predictions of twenty years ago with present-day levels of representation. When we do, we see a strong degree of predictive power, the predictions from 1987 largely hold today. Rule identified a political-opportunity cluster consisting of four Nordic countries where conditions were optimal for significant women's representation; looking at those countries today, they all have representation levels above 35% and are among the top ten countries in the world in terms of women's representation.1 On the other end, Rule identified a limited political-opportunity cluster consisting of five countries with single-member-district electoral systems (Australia, Canada, France, United Kingdom, and United States). \u2026" }, { "paper": "2066802909", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2008", "title": "public s expectation about an organization s stance in crisis communication based on perceived leadership and perceived severity of threats", "label": [ "67126808", "197386563", "68489960", "2776058685", "88251983", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2113071018", "2273368808" ], "reference": [ "1528622076", "2010262563", "2012968282", "2027321206", "2060979610", "2169262105", "3158609480" ], "abstract": "abstract considering the importance of general public support of an organization during a crisis this study examined how perceived leadership style influences public expectation about an organization s stance in crisis and the relationship between perceived severity of threat and the expected stance of the organization based on leadership perception the results of the study strongly supported main effects of leadership on public estimation about an organization s stance managerial implications were discussed", "title_raw": "Public's expectation about an organization's stance in crisis communication based on perceived leadership and perceived severity of threats", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Considering the importance of general public support of an organization during a crisis, this study examined how perceived leadership style influences public expectation about an organization's stance in crisis and the relationship between perceived severity of threat and the expected stance of the organization based on leadership perception. The results of the study strongly supported main effects of leadership on public estimation about an organization's stance. Managerial implications were discussed." }, { "paper": "2034741188", "venue": "49968029", "year": "2008", "title": "democracia e capital social no rio grande do sul", "label": [ "555826173", "81307892", "68062652", "94625758", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2168475534", "248718976", "1430657179", "2310004660" ], "reference": [ "64720947", "102469562", "171744841", "621194640", "2097557219", "2157619495" ], "abstract": "this article aims to identify the societal conditions which can promote democracy in the state of rio grande do sul we discuss concepts of democracy within putnam s social capital framework 2000 our hypothesis is that there is a strong association between social capital and democracy in other words that the existing stocks of social capital in a society positively influence trust in the democratic regime and its institutions in this vein we initially present a brief discussion of the potential of democracy as a political regime taking dimensions of political culture and social capital into account we then go on to analyze survey data from two regions of the southern brazilian state of rio grande do sul corede vale do rio dos sinos and corede northeast to provide support for the arguments we have made keywords democracy social capital rio grande do sul", "title_raw": "Democracia e capital social no Rio Grande do Sul", "abstract_raw": "This article aims to identify the societal conditions which can promote\r\ndemocracy in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. We discuss concepts of\r\ndemocracy within Putnam\u2019s social capital framework (2000). Our hypothesis\r\nis that there is a strong association between social capital and democracy, in\r\nother words, that the existing stocks of social capital in a society positively\r\ninfluence trust in the democratic regime and its institutions. In this vein, we\r\ninitially present a brief discussion of the potential of democracy as a political\r\nregime, taking dimensions of political culture and social capital into account.\r\nWe then go on to analyze survey data from two regions of the southern\r\nBrazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul- COREDE Vale do Rio dos Sinos and\r\nCOREDE Northeast \u2013 to provide support for the arguments we have made.\r\nKeywords: democracy, social capital, Rio Grande do Sul." }, { "paper": "2141212639", "venue": "107737141", "year": "2008", "title": "the effects of strategic news on political cynicism and vote choice among young voters", "label": [ "177324205", "501008422", "2781462389", "520049643", "555826173", "2779114464" ], "author": [ "1985239015", "233027794" ], "reference": [ "32371266", "137766899", "161153653", "239879237", "325872457", "600441956", "604846379", "647967293", "1503042507", "1507004422", "1512096531", "1540933854", "1583414384", "1599690209", "1964158002", "1972566917", "1982428319", "1982530905", "1997338663", "2004702254", "2004775128", "2005358634", "2010410663", "2018278896", "2021586347", "2022231841", "2028852424", "2034569312", "2058768604", "2067131691", "2071018780", "2072782425", "2078030311", "2078850517", "2083319565", "2090174618", "2097811184", "2111247447", "2117957083", "2121684756", "2131186670", "2140877090", "2141723532", "2147264455", "2148641093", "2151063492", "2154370119", "2163566030", "2168981692", "2179098100", "2312640129", "2319959581", "2321461997", "2321547989", "2484092606", "2501166589" ], "abstract": "this study investigates the relationship between strategic news exposure and political cynicism and vote choice among young voters in the context of a referendum on an issue of european integration using a survey n 720 and a media content analysis we link media use measures to indicators of media content so as to provide a compelling link between exposure to media content and cynicism as hypothesized we find a positive relationship between exposure to strategically framed campaign coverage and political cynicism in addition we find that cynicism is related to voting no which suggests that cynicism served as an intervening factor in the relationship between media exposure and a no vote the results are discussed in the light of extant research on media political cynicism and electoral behavior in the case of direct democracy", "title_raw": "The Effects of Strategic News on Political Cynicism and Vote Choice Among Young Voters", "abstract_raw": "This study investigates the relationship between strategic news exposure and political cynicism and vote choice among young voters in the context of a referendum on an issue of European integration. Using a survey (n= 720) and a media content analysis, we link media use measures to indicators of media content so as to provide a compelling link between exposure to media content and cynicism. As hypothesized, we find a positive relationship between exposure to strategically framed campaign coverage and political cynicism. In addition, we find that cynicism is related to voting \"No,\" which suggests that cynicism served as an intervening factor in the relationship between media exposure and a No vote. The results are discussed in the light of extant research on media, political cynicism, and electoral behavior in the case of direct democracy." }, { "paper": "2029516480", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2008", "title": "book review valerie m hudson foreign policy analysis classic and contemporary theory lanham md rowman littlefield 2007 225 pp 21 21 pbk", "label": [ "188888794" ], "author": [ "2709116403" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Valerie M. Hudson, Foreign Policy Analysis: Classic and Contemporary Theory (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, 225 pp., $21.21 pbk.):", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1485080892", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "house gives 400 million to four science agencies", "label": [ "3116431", "2780849931" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "2008 u s budgetthe 186 billion supplemental spending bill to continue funding the u s war effort in iraq and afghanistan approved by the house of representatives last week includes a welcome bump up of 400 million for four agencies whose research budgets were flattened late last year by legislators", "title_raw": "House Gives $400 Million to Four Science Agencies", "abstract_raw": "2008 U.S. BUDGETThe $186 billion supplemental spending bill to continue funding the U.S. war effort in Iraq and Afghanistan approved by the House of Representatives last week includes a welcome bump-up of $400 million for four agencies whose research budgets were flattened late last year by legislators." }, { "paper": "2120809173", "venue": "90857023", "year": "2008", "title": "american attitudes toward guest worker policies", "label": [ "94625758", "70036468", "158071213", "111141941", "134698397", "2778506969", "2780668109" ], "author": [ "2166779960", "2062061104", "2101643094" ], "reference": [ "336815429", "1506409432", "1990367268", "2001260365", "2004443735", "2009226342", "2034328075", "2057659248", "2087408914", "2103560939", "2115959894", "2130479170", "2147028243", "2521849648", "2763528596", "3107777251" ], "abstract": "in this study we use data from a 2004 new york times cbs news national survey to analyze public opinion toward a guest worker program and to compare predictors of support for guest worker and general immigration policies in general americans tend to be divided in their attitudes toward a guest worker program although support for temporary worker policies is stronger when legalization for unauthorized immigrants is conditioned on certain requirements and when the program is coupled with enhanced border security the results of the bivariate probit analysis indicate that individuals who favor reducing the immigration level also tend to oppose instituting a guest worker program perceptions of the costs of immigration emerged as the most important determinant of individuals attitudes toward immigration policies such beliefs contributed to opposition to a guest worker policy and support for reducing the immigration level we also found that residents of high immigration states and latinos were more likely to support a temporary worker program however these characteristics do not appear to influence individuals judgments about the number of immigrants who should be admitted to the united states findings regarding the impact of political partisanship and ideology on attitudes toward the two policies were more ambiguous abstract from author", "title_raw": "American Attitudes toward Guest Worker Policies", "abstract_raw": "In this study we use data from a 2004 New York Times/CBS News national survey to analyze public opinion toward a guest worker program and to compare predictors of support for guest worker and general immigration policies. In general, Americans tend to be divided in their attitudes toward a guest worker program, although support for temporary worker policies is stronger when legalization for unauthorized immigrants is conditioned on certain requirements, and when the program is coupled with enhanced border security. The results of the bivariate probit analysis indicate that individuals who favor reducing the immigration level also tend to oppose instituting a guest worker program. Perceptions of the \u201ccosts\u201d of immigration emerged as the most important determinant of individuals\u2019 attitudes toward immigration policies; such beliefs contributed to opposition to a guest worker policy and support for reducing the immigration level. We also found that residents of high-immigration states and Latinos were more likely to support a temporary worker program. However, these characteristics do not appear to influence individuals\u2019 judgments about the number of immigrants who should be admitted to the United States. Findings regarding the impact of political partisanship and ideology on attitudes toward the two policies were more ambiguous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]" }, { "paper": "1545536094", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2008", "title": "correspondence defensive realism and the new history of world war i", "label": [ "2778283051" ], "author": [ "2159624037", "737929650" ], "reference": [ "330208288", "375544337", "430547760", "570799192", "578993699", "590714071", "645434822", "651352344", "1024900526", "1480217548", "1486226362", "1496235660", "1515377417", "1520941532", "1528513724", "1529939584", "1567322620", "1592277940", "1676511820", "1969313312", "1973976955", "1974638294", "1998636036", "2014225532", "2022931430", "2024644333", "2036873362", "2042248842", "2054108609", "2059577257", "2067733605", "2089486804", "2098644581", "2108786313", "2113853988", "2124974251", "2133717487", "2145920655", "2318560622", "2323969770", "2325560216", "2334858170", "2490199366", "2800346000", "2801181302", "3124051341", "3138859913", "3179375907" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Correspondence: Defensive Realism and the \"New\" History of World War I", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2125942935", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2008", "title": "book review international history lorna lloyd diplomacy with a difference the commonwealth office of high commissioner 1880 2006 leiden brill 2007 353 pp 168 hbk", "label": [ "557252395", "2777826127" ], "author": [ "2331203697" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: INTERNATIONAL HISTORY Lorna Lloyd, Diplomacy with a Difference: the Commonwealth Office of High Commissioner, 1880\u20142006 (Leiden: Brill, 2007, 353 pp., $168 hbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2073874254", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2008", "title": "vivisectionists strike back", "label": [ "2780668109" ], "author": [ "2461093453" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the complex issue of animal experimentation should not be dumbed down in the face of violent opposition argues andrew read reviewing a new polemic on the us experience", "title_raw": "Vivisectionists strike back", "abstract_raw": "The complex issue of animal experimentation should not be dumbed down in the face of violent opposition, argues Andrew Read, reviewing a new polemic on the US experience." }, { "paper": "2057826400", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2008", "title": "han qide a medical and political leader in china", "label": [ "94625758", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2233104023" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Han Qide: a medical and political leader in China.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1602865501", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "science scholarships go begging", "label": [ "2779597210", "39549134" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "despite ever rising college costs a 4 5 billion federal aid program to lure students into science is vastly undersubscribed", "title_raw": "Science Scholarships Go Begging", "abstract_raw": "Despite ever-rising college costs, a $4.5 billion federal aid program to lure students into science is vastly undersubscribed." }, { "paper": "2524165367", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2008", "title": "review of martin horak governing the post communist city institutions and democratic development in prague university of torento press 2007", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2893079158" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of Martin Horak, Governing the Post-Communist City: Institutions and Democratic Development in Prague, University of Torento Press, 2007", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2051287279", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2008", "title": "asean states their reservations to human rights treaties and the proposed asean commission on women and children", "label": [ "2781171240", "2780608745", "2777596936", "169437150", "199539241", "2780661485", "86615163", "55447825" ], "author": [ "2644698729" ], "reference": [ "253870241", "370591291", "1487371629", "1499046937", "1984900357", "1987002310", "1993147263", "2003573179", "2006501710", "2038772274", "2164304100", "2240623610", "2320078647", "2767942418" ], "abstract": "this article was inspired by claims made by a number of participants at the fifth workshop on an asean regional mechanism on human rights in kuala lumpur 2006 that because all asean states were party to the convention on the rights of the child and the convention on the elimination of discrimination against women they shared common legal obligations and so the path was clear for moving forward with the hanoi action plans commission on women and children at that time it was not clear that asean would go any further than this commission this article is therefore an examination of the law on reservations but one that has at its core an examination of asean states reservations to the six main human rights treaties in light of vienna convention on the law of treaties analysis is situated in the on going debate about reservations to human rights treaties as well as assessment of the significance and impact of the asean reservations in themselves in relation to other state parties on the proposed commission on women and children and on international law generally since this article was written asean adopted a new charter for the organization which in article 14 allows for the creation of a human rights body to operate in accordance with terms of reference yet to be decided by the foreign ministers of asean the commission on women and children has yet to be established", "title_raw": "ASEAN States, Their Reservations to Human Rights Treaties and the Proposed ASEAN Commission on Women and Children", "abstract_raw": "This article was inspired by claims made by a number of participants at the Fifth Workshop on an ASEAN Regional Mechanism on Human Rights in Kuala Lumpur (2006) that because all ASEAN states were party to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women they shared common legal obligations and so the path was clear for moving forward with the Hanoi Action Plans Commission on Women and Children. At that time it was not clear that ASEAN would go any further than this commission. This article is therefore an examination of the law on reservations but one that has at its core an examination of ASEAN states reservations to the six main human rights treaties in light of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Analysis is situated in the on-going debate about reservations to human rights treaties as well as assessment of the significance and impact of the ASEAN reservations in themselves in relation to other state parties on the proposed Commission on Women and Children and on international law generally. Since this article was written ASEAN adopted a new Charter for the organization which in Article 14 allows for the creation of a human rights body to operate in accordance with terms of reference yet to be decided by the Foreign Ministers of ASEAN. The Commission on Women and Children has yet to be established." }, { "paper": "2089173389", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2008", "title": "the investment promotion machines the politics of foreign direct investment promotion in central and eastern europe", "label": [ "33842695", "94625758", "2776398702", "68151297" ], "author": [ "2426834846" ], "reference": [ "92136267", "200504989", "563300981", "567224877", "1483339446", "1535798383", "1893236284", "1966425904", "1978773066", "1995135280", "1997254619", "1997418809", "2001082629", "2002470573", "2006558634", "2008738263", "2014621064", "2016297047", "2026983239", "2028421456", "2031109446", "2054807271", "2090826652", "2128580910", "2134215628", "2146751695", "2169031655", "2169698735", "2316372888", "2400840843", "2416902447", "2471635917", "2480553247", "2626649302", "2981466712", "3125614228", "3140093003" ], "abstract": "abstract a variety of foreign led economies emerged in central and eastern europe in the late 1990s state economic strategies in the visegrad four region v4 of the czech republic hungary slovakia and poland have converged towards a distinct model of competition states this article investigates the politics of investment attraction and promotion of particular investors within the states and regions in central and eastern europe it analyses coalitions of social actors which form in the process of bidding for investors and promoting them in the regions these coalitions the investment promotion machines can be understood as power blocs underpinning the competition state at the regional level the analysis draws primarily on case studies of attraction and promotion of foreign direct investment fdi in the czech republic and slovakia", "title_raw": "The Investment-Promotion Machines: The Politics of Foreign Direct Investment Promotion in Central and Eastern Europe", "abstract_raw": "Abstract A variety of foreign-led economies emerged in Central and Eastern Europe in the late 1990s. State economic strategies in the Visegrad Four region (V4) of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland have converged towards a distinct model of competition states. This article investigates the politics of investment attraction and promotion of particular investors within the states and regions in Central and Eastern Europe. It analyses coalitions of social actors which form in the process of bidding for investors and promoting them in the regions. These coalitions, the investment-promotion machines, can be understood as power blocs underpinning the competition state at the regional level. The analysis draws primarily on case studies of attraction and promotion of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Czech Republic and Slovakia." }, { "paper": "2158144996", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2008", "title": "reforming institutional review board policy issues in implementation and field research", "label": [ "94625758", "39549134", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2607812578", "258745277" ], "reference": [ "151552", "216965136", "594950617", "597019591", "605204850", "621104626", "623995204", "646722795", "657597307", "1508753969", "1555691335", "1573700163", "1991162361", "1993725847", "1995476818", "1998844030", "2001080685", "2008948678", "2030031281", "2032349365", "2040417287", "2042121254", "2059087493", "2063653942", "2080743058", "2083421158", "2084580261", "2085708080", "2092905309", "2094419105", "2103620037", "2118207637", "2139660372", "2142883724", "2149685100", "2152350937", "2157411361", "2158750028", "2163315953", "2164453750", "2408081177", "2410979608", "2558523971", "2617607540", "2781689325", "3121194975", "3125642032", "3139752849" ], "abstract": "political science as a discipline has largely ignored research regulatory policies associated with institutional review boards irbs many political scientists especially those in the senior ranks are either oblivious to the existence of irbs or actively decide to sidestep them by not submitting their proposals for review based on research conducted since 2004 we hold that apsa members at all ranks of the profession along with political scientists worldwide need to be concerned not to say alarmed about irb policy why this sense of urgency and why now copyright the american political science association 2008", "title_raw": "Reforming Institutional Review Board Policy: Issues in Implementation and Field Research", "abstract_raw": "Political science as a discipline has largely ignored research regulatory policies associated with institutional review boards (IRBs). Many political scientists-especially those in the senior ranks-are either oblivious to the existence of IRBs or actively decide to sidestep them by not submitting their proposals for review. Based on research conducted since 2004, we hold that APSA members at all ranks of the profession, along with political scientists worldwide, need to be concerned, not to say alarmed, about IRB policy. Why this sense of urgency, and why now? Copyright \u00a9 The American Political Science Association 2008." }, { "paper": "2013713764", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2008", "title": "panel to take closer look at scientific whaling", "label": [ "199539241", "2776034101" ], "author": [ "1817140627" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "marine biologyis japan s research whaling which claims about 1000 whales a year scientific investigation or disguised commercial whaling a new review process endorsed by the international whaling commission last week at its 60th annual meeting hopes to get closer to the answer", "title_raw": "Panel to Take Closer Look at Scientific Whaling", "abstract_raw": "MARINE BIOLOGYIs Japan's research whaling, which claims about 1000 whales a year, scientific investigation or disguised commercial whaling? A new review process endorsed by the International Whaling Commission last week at its 60th annual meeting hopes to get closer to the answer." }, { "paper": "2062093040", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2008", "title": "contagion or confusion why conflicts cluster in space", "label": [ "137403100" ], "author": [ "15525238", "439726441" ], "reference": [ "31454151", "52460446", "329630058", "410387239", "612592711", "1535065339", "1537646239", "1963789222", "1964422100", "1966690268", "1967322846", "1971121142", "1971443965", "1982108293", "2007352806", "2016020226", "2027832732", "2028226037", "2034722676", "2036203657", "2038010592", "2039160724", "2043284702", "2044003199", "2049040920", "2055325415", "2058053838", "2059107538", "2061008130", "2070947683", "2077085353", "2083620364", "2100931892", "2103189832", "2105223815", "2111467785", "2112297791", "2114358218", "2116559484", "2118833349", "2120666385", "2124523744", "2126679219", "2128275681", "2131830082", "2133462023", "2134792551", "2139577967", "2142013610", "2145488574", "2151780178", "2151796435", "2152670251", "2171424562", "2259326844", "2323986779", "2328440534", "2330659185", "2651719764", "2796975034", "2943020987", "3124112695", "3124594404" ], "abstract": "civil wars cluster in space as well as time in this study we develop and evaluate empirically alternative explanations for this observed clustering we consider whether the spatial pattern of intrastate conflict simply stems from a similar distribution of relevant country attributes or whether conflicts indeed constitute a threat to other proximate states our results strongly suggest that there is a genuine neighborhood effect of armed conflict over and beyond what individual country characteristics can account for we then examine whether the risk of contagion depends on the degree of exposure to proximate conflicts contrary to common expectations this appears not to be the case rather we find that conflict is more likely when there are ethnic ties to groups in a neighboring conflict and that contagion is primarily a feature of separatist conflicts this suggests that transnational ethnic linkages constitute a central mechanism of conflict contagion", "title_raw": "Contagion or Confusion? Why Conflicts Cluster in Space", "abstract_raw": "Civil wars cluster in space as well as time. In this study, we develop and evaluate empirically alternative explanations for this observed clustering. We consider whether the spatial pattern of intrastate conflict simply stems from a similar distribution of relevant country attributes or whether conflicts indeed constitute a threat to other proximate states. Our results strongly suggest that there is a genuine neighborhood effect of armed conflict, over and beyond what individual country characteristics can account for. We then examine whether the risk of contagion depends on the degree of exposure to proximate conflicts. Contrary to common expectations, this appears not to be the case. Rather, we find that conflict is more likely when there are ethnic ties to groups in a neighboring conflict and that contagion is primarily a feature of separatist conflicts. This suggests that transnational ethnic linkages constitute a central mechanism of conflict contagion." }, { "paper": "2166803636", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2008", "title": "the eu and conflict resolution promoting peace in the backyard by n tocci", "label": [ "21711469" ], "author": [ "2713945400" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The EU and Conflict Resolution: Promoting Peace in the Backyard \u2013 By N. Tocci", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2005831645", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2008", "title": "out liberalizing the eu pension privatization in central and eastern europe", "label": [ "2781205572", "19159745", "2780899237" ], "author": [ "2307094737" ], "reference": [ "405386915", "417672118", "1254727469", "1505212279", "1509624956", "1587946756", "1608043411", "1945616944", "1964353122", "1998341216", "2005290426", "2020052921", "2031109446", "2035960786", "2056768426", "2058996507", "2069696039", "2075630389", "2099575580", "2101254438", "2101632550", "2105621954", "2142246796", "2143206666", "2146315441", "2148330962", "2151216279", "2151608522", "2151796602", "2159236677", "2335079180", "2587435624", "2912758097", "2945412681", "3122227046", "3126117980" ], "abstract": "the pension privatization trend that swept central and eastern europe cee between 1998 and 2004 presents a conundrum when viewed from the perspective of european union eu enlargement while these reforms took place at around the same time as eu accession the eu did not use its formidable membership conditionality to impose them on cee accession states this article reviews the major causal explanations for pension privatization in cee and finds that a critical factor was the transnational policy campaign launched by the world bank and allied organizations in the mid 1990s pension privatization appealed to cee accession states because it was significantly more liberal than eu social policy norms pension privatization enabled cee liberals to out liberalize the eu in an effort to further a low wage low cost development strategy and attempt to exert leadership in eu economic policy making", "title_raw": "Out-liberalizing the EU: pension privatization in Central and Eastern Europe", "abstract_raw": "The pension privatization trend that swept Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) between 1998 and 2004 presents a conundrum when viewed from the perspective of European Union (EU) enlargement. While these reforms took place at around the same time as EU accession, the EU did not use its formidable membership conditionality to impose them on CEE accession states. This article reviews the major causal explanations for pension privatization in CEE and finds that a critical factor was the transnational policy campaign launched by the World Bank and allied organizations in the mid-1990s. Pension privatization appealed to CEE accession states because it was significantly more \u2018liberal\u2019 than EU social policy norms. Pension privatization enabled CEE liberals to out-liberalize the EU in an effort to further a low-wage, low-cost development strategy and attempt to exert leadership in EU economic policy-making." }, { "paper": "2080424765", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2008", "title": "measuring public opinions about surveys", "label": [ "39549134", "2776640315" ], "author": [ "2993386541", "2336953652" ], "reference": [ "1567620362", "1976793360", "2011290087", "2013224912", "2018637385", "2047143000", "2082817694", "2108163117", "2152623314", "2162783088", "2525294070" ], "abstract": "respondent s opinions about survey research are regarded as an expression at the individual level of the general survey taking climate based on a review of the research about surveys on surveys five relevant dimensions of the respondent s opinion about surveys are distinguished survey enjoyment survey value survey cost survey reliability and survey privacy items related to these aspects are used to develop an opinions about survey scale the results of an analysis of the predictive validity of the scale support the expectations based on the theory of planned behavior opinions about surveys are associated with the intention to participate in future surveys and with hesitation to fill out the questionnaire of a mail survey opinions are not related with participation in a follow up mail survey the results of the wave analysis of a mail survey are a clear indication that nonrespondents have more negative opinions about different aspects of surveys this also means that the measurement of opinions is biased however because of this bias it is worthwhile and useful to measure these opinions", "title_raw": "Measuring Public Opinions About Surveys", "abstract_raw": "Respondent's opinions about survey research are regarded as an expression at the individual level of the general survey-taking climate. Based on a review of the research about \u2018surveys on surveys\u2019 five relevant dimensions of the respondent's opinion about surveys are distinguished: survey enjoyment, survey value, survey cost, survey reliability, and survey privacy. Items related to these aspects are used to develop an \u2018Opinions about Survey Scale\u2019. The results of an analysis of the predictive validity of the scale support the expectations based on the theory of planned behavior. Opinions about surveys are associated with the intention to participate in future surveys and with hesitation to fill out the questionnaire of a mail survey. Opinions are not related with participation in a follow-up mail survey. The results of the wave analysis of a mail survey are a clear indication that nonrespondents have more negative opinions about different aspects of surveys. This also means that the measurement of opinions is biased. However, because of this bias it is worthwhile and useful to measure these opinions." }, { "paper": "2040453638", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2008", "title": "intelligence agencies and democratisation continuity and change in serbia after milosevic", "label": [ "17058734", "113522999", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2634280613" ], "reference": [ "94159901", "144403226", "583073838", "615992947", "1501031120", "1522443724", "1598823259", "1966679968", "1972464449", "1974170251", "1979574681", "1997038895", "2042985499", "2047035725", "2056358593", "2063161814", "2064701371", "2065164615", "2069639133", "2075070317", "2085392015", "2094692887", "2102374953", "2106424778", "2126096212", "2137080412", "2145929565", "2158221680", "2179830348", "2327427923", "2333620562", "2336952273", "2475308077", "2495529468", "2606531606" ], "abstract": "abstract this article examines the reform of the serbian intelligence agencies since the fall of slobodan milosevic and argues that they are important actors in democratisation with a powerful capacity to influence and frustrate the reform process however the serbian experience demonstrates that the role of intelligence agencies in democratisation is complex in serbia governance of the intelligence sector has been characterised neither by a simple maximisation of civil power over the agencies themselves nor by outright resistance to change by inherently compromised authoritarian era structures instead the role and reform of serbia s intelligence agencies since 2000 has been closely integrated with developments in the political sphere and has exhibited considerable continuity with past practice", "title_raw": "Intelligence agencies and democratisation: Continuity and change in Serbia after Milo\u0161evi\u0107", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This article examines the reform of the Serbian intelligence agencies since the fall of Slobodan Milosevic and argues that they are important actors in democratisation, with a powerful capacity to influence and frustrate the reform process. However, the Serbian experience demonstrates that the role of intelligence agencies in democratisation is complex. In Serbia, governance of the intelligence sector has been characterised neither by a simple maximisation of civil power over the agencies themselves, nor by outright resistance to change by inherently compromised, authoritarian-era structures. Instead, the role and reform of Serbia's intelligence agencies since 2000 has been closely integrated with developments in the political sphere, and has exhibited considerable continuity with past practice." }, { "paper": "1990434047", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2008", "title": "five metaphors about global health policy", "label": [ "47344431", "46578552", "94625758", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "1900413172", "2250989391" ], "reference": [ "188402200", "1964682216", "2015369806", "2060514629", "2092189185", "2158685895", "2166901572", "2555714770" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Five metaphors about global-health policy.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2052778135", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2008", "title": "political debate science will be the loser", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2050574486" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political debate: science will be the loser.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2056056233", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2008", "title": "where the rubber meets the road aligning irbs and research practice", "label": [ "128268270", "39549134", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2029409512", "284760827" ], "reference": [ "595771679", "1508215576", "1565705811", "1852090069", "1964809199", "1984847848", "1985019798", "2009260120", "2010568471", "2034177224", "2037057629", "2091584710", "2133897636", "2165850863", "2257441989", "2331211957", "2410979608", "2417891754", "2464622985", "3125642032" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Where the Rubber Meets the Road: Aligning IRBs and Research Practice", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2124533450", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2008", "title": "indigenous rights and united nations standards self determination culture and land", "label": [ "96572226", "2776001114" ], "author": [ "2174406035" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Indigenous Rights and United Nations Standards, Self -Determination, Culture and Land", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1975148011", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2008", "title": "the chinese party state in the 21st century adaptation and the reinvention of legitimacy andre laliberte and marc lanteigne london and new york routledge 2007 208 pp isbn 978 0 415 45056 0 75 00", "label": [ "46295352", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2243038813" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Chinese Party-State in the 21st Century: Adaptation and the Reinvention of Legitimacy , Andr\u00e9 Lalibert\u00e9 and Marc Lanteigne . London and New York: Routledge, 2007. 208 pp. ISBN 978-0-415-45056-0. \u00a375.00", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2127184647", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2008", "title": "science in wadden sea policy from accommodation to advocacy", "label": [ "123587114" ], "author": [ "1925029725", "2602724355", "2055633057" ], "reference": [ "27509020", "258903333", "577931446", "637468125", "1501037419", "1532457063", "1542077694", "1928298376", "1974564128", "1980302775", "1998508163", "2036219106", "2041064082", "2053122258", "2067974859", "2080902553", "2089817345", "2096150652", "2116091090", "2123831532", "2144603496", "2167252004", "2167593612", "2182852633", "2493752877", "2496513574", "2505328285", "2542169714", "2560848915", "2560925251", "2583678812" ], "abstract": "abstract policies and management for the wadden sea like for so many other nature areas have to find a balance between important natural values on the one hand and economic functions on the other hand scientific experts play an important role in these processes in the case of the wadden sea scientific experts have been involved in the development of trilateral ecological targets for the wadden sea as well as in the implementation of these targets in the netherlands as took place in the controversial decision making processes regarding cockle fisheries and gas mining drawing on concepts and insights from policy analysis and science and technology studies this article analyses the different roles scientific experts play in these policy processes we show how the role of science shifts from an accommodating role in policy development to a role as advocacy in controversial policy implementation processes the article concludes with some implications for organising effective science policy interactions in the field of nature conservation", "title_raw": "Science in Wadden Sea policy: from accommodation to advocacy", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Policies and management for the Wadden Sea, like for so many other nature areas, have to find a balance between important natural values on the one hand and economic functions on the other hand. Scientific experts play an important role in these processes. In the case of the Wadden Sea, scientific experts have been involved in the development of trilateral ecological targets for the Wadden Sea as well as in the implementation of these targets in the Netherlands as took place in the controversial decision making processes regarding cockle fisheries and gas mining. Drawing on concepts and insights from policy analysis and science and technology studies, this article analyses the different roles scientific experts play in these policy processes. We show how the role of science shifts from an accommodating role in policy development to a role as advocacy in controversial policy implementation processes. The article concludes with some implications for organising effective science\u2013policy interactions in the field of nature conservation." }, { "paper": "2047657148", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2008", "title": "when t 1 and n 2 creating a political science program at a new research university", "label": [ "44877443", "96756911", "48798503", "36201420" ], "author": [ "2059675322", "2159631828" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "if you could start a political science program from scratch how would you do it given no institutional history how would you design graduate and undergraduate programs how would you grow your faculty how would you attempt to build a reputation in the absence of a reputation at time t 1 in an interdisciplinary environment with which disciplines would you work most closely for most political science professors these might be interesting hypothetical questions to consider for the two of us these questions are very real and have dominated our recent work lives as we have just finished our first year as the founding political science faculty at the brand new university of california campus uc merced we thank carissa hansford shawn kantor and jennifer nicholson for helpful comments and suggestions", "title_raw": "When t = 1 and N = 2: Creating a Political Science Program at a New Research University", "abstract_raw": "If you could start a political science program from scratch, how would you do it? Given no institutional history, how would you design graduate and undergraduate programs? How would you grow your faculty? How would you attempt to build a reputation in the absence of a reputation at time t -1? In an interdisciplinary environment, with which disciplines would you work most closely? For most political science professors, these might be interesting hypothetical questions to consider. For the two of us, these questions are very real and have dominated our recent work lives as we have just finished our first year as the founding political science faculty at the brand new University of California campus, UC Merced. We thank Carissa Hansford, Shawn Kantor, and Jennifer Nicholson for helpful comments and suggestions." }, { "paper": "2049686595", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2008", "title": "on race and policy history a dialogue about the g i bill", "label": [ "3116431", "2780781376", "19159745" ], "author": [ "120008329", "1920808528" ], "reference": [ "157943260", "656224534", "1509292812", "1516905032", "1519959893", "1529223067", "1538870304", "1587898058", "1589986784", "1978204181", "1993161676", "2004877893", "2010127304", "2011061104", "2018704161", "2031340404", "2040638449", "2048379481", "2051190051", "2052125222", "2064345631", "2068389204", "2080342749", "2086211531", "2094930915", "2115222409", "2119266541", "2129057559", "2147264455", "2153199881", "2316530853", "2323848163", "2325781782", "2334500686", "2592057959", "2890653978", "2904798609" ], "abstract": "we have independently analyzed the effects of the g i bill s widely utilized education and training benefits and reached different conclusions one of us argues that the implementation of these benefits especially in the south helped widen the income and wealth gaps between whites and blacks and further marginalized many african americans the other considers them to have been a rare example of a relatively inclusive policy one that fostered equal citizenship because we are both historical institutionalists and we both share interests in matters of social policy equality and race these dissimilar accounts require explanation this dialogue first considers methodological issues explaining our decisions about which forms of data to use and to emphasize and how we made sense of contradictory findings it next discusses interpretive matters examining the processes through which we sometimes reached different conclusions even when we confronted the same evidence finally the exchange considers some implications of our findings probing the lessons they convey both about policy research and practice", "title_raw": "On Race and Policy History: A Dialogue about the G.I. Bill", "abstract_raw": "We have independently analyzed the effects of the G.I. Bill's widely-utilized education and training benefits, and reached different conclusions. One of us argues that the implementation of these benefits, especially in the South, helped widen the income and wealth gaps between whites and blacks and further marginalized many African Americans; the other considers them to have been a rare example of a relatively inclusive policy, one that fostered equal citizenship. Because we are both historical institutionalists and we both share interests in matters of social policy, equality, and race, these dissimilar accounts require explanation. This dialogue first considers methodological issues, explaining our decisions about which forms of data to use and to emphasize, and how we made sense of contradictory findings. It next discusses interpretive matters, examining the processes through which we sometimes reached different conclusions even when we confronted the same evidence. Finally, the exchange considers some implications of our findings, probing the lessons they convey both about policy research and practice." }, { "paper": "2014599406", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2008", "title": "race and policing in america conflict and reform", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2712591019" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Race and Policing in America: Conflict and Reform", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2004396105", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "political pressure s effect on repository sites", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2016257246" ], "reference": [ "2735140346" ], "abstract": "r c ewing and f n von hippel s proposal for the construction of multiple repositories for spent nuclear fuel nuclear waste management in the united states starting over policy forum 10 july p 151 1 ignores history and current events the 1982 nuclear waste policy act mandated", "title_raw": "Political pressure's effect on repository sites.", "abstract_raw": "R. C. Ewing and F. N. von Hippel's proposal for the construction of multiple repositories for spent nuclear fuel (\u201cNuclear waste management in the United States\u2014starting over,\u201d Policy Forum, 10 July, p. [151][1]) ignores history and current events. The 1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act mandated" }, { "paper": "1564200775", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "humans need biodiversity", "label": [ "88199923" ], "author": [ "3174560030" ], "reference": [ "1593298185" ], "abstract": "sustaining life how human health depends on biodiversity eric chivian and aaron bernstein eds oxford university press new york 2008 566 pp 34 95 18 99 isbn 9780195175097 examining topics such as ecosystem services medicines biomedical research infectious diseases and food production the contributors offer a thorough summary of the importance of biodiversity to well being", "title_raw": "Humans Need Biodiversity", "abstract_raw": "Sustaining Life. How Human Health Depends on Biodiversity. Eric Chivian and Aaron Bernstein, Eds.. Oxford University Press, New York, 2008. 566 pp. $34.95, \u00a318.99. ISBN 9780195175097. Examining topics such as ecosystem services, medicines, biomedical research, infectious diseases, and food production, the contributors offer a thorough summary of the importance of biodiversity to well-being." }, { "paper": "2144469454", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2009", "title": "representations of africa in a hong kong soap opera the limits of enlightened humanitarianism in the last breakthrough", "label": [ "53844881", "2119116", "191935318", "96089941", "107029721", "2780641677" ], "author": [ "2657902865" ], "reference": [ "597353861", "597796904", "602601446", "633280541", "1538712950", "1594569327", "1966874986", "1978201075", "2026094105", "2042208878", "2072702937", "2100436118", "2114537552", "2120088853", "2124611683", "2136031745", "2139879490", "2144422213", "2149250533", "2168350306", "2170263925", "2326393673", "2981749942", "3142309095" ], "abstract": "several studies have looked at africa in the western ima gery and explored how it is constructed for americans through popular media this article offers a preliminary query into whether chinese popular media functions in a similar way by examining a 2004 hong kong produced soap opera that uses a medical humanitarian mission in kenya to advance its plot and central themes while many tropes regarding africa found in western media are repeated there is a conscious effort in this production to embody a more enlightened approach nevertheless the core relationship is marked by humanitarianism and necessarily one embodying unequal power relations the soap opera thus avoids critical questions of develop ment globalization or even post colonial solidarity and instead rests more on older safer paradigms of modernization still an analysis of the drama reveals contradictions and unresolved tensions in which the relation ship with africa parallels hong kong s relationship with mainland china this study posits that popular culture can offer unique insights into under standing dynamics affecting the evolving relationship between china and africa from 15 november to 26 december 2004 a 30 episode drama the last breakthrough teen ngai hap yee i tianya xia yi ffihfew 1 tlb was broad cast on tvb in hong kong at 9 30 p m from monday to friday produced by lam chi wah it featured major stars including raymond lam nick cheung sonija kwok leila tong and bosco wong its ratings were not the best and it ranked only 15 out of 20 dramas in 2004 2 nevertheless with 1 8 million viewers 1 tin ngai hup yi heaven edge heroic doctor teen ngai hap yee the heroic doctors of the world 2 television broadcasts limited annual report 2004 management discussion and analysis review of operations hong kong 2005 pp 1 77 pont reported 35 million viewers in hong kong and the main land j pont pontact productions newsletter nairobi pontact productions epz limited 2005 kitson reports viewers tuned in 180 million ratings average 27 pts first week 27 pts final week the china quarterly 2009 doi 10 1017 s0305741009990191 this content downloaded from 157 55 39 224 on wed 11 may 2016 05 06 14 utc all use subject to http about jstor org terms representations of africa per episode in its first airing in hong kong extensive syndication and dvd ren tals and sales tlb is fondly remembered by many it has found its way into the favourites list on several fans posting sites and continues to elicit discussion and positive comments on the internet 3 such serial dramas are a staple of tvb s pro duction output and the hong kong mediascape as is the vibrant celebrity and fan culture surrounding them what is unique about this production is that africa was central to the storyline indeed the kenya tourism board collabo rated on the production with the aim of increasing tourism from china to kenya 4 tlb appears to have been successful in that objective given the correlation between positive fan web comments and increasing numbers of chinese tourists to kenya since it was originally broadcast and then re broadcast in other mar kets 5 in addition to showing off major tourist attractions and amenities in kenya the series promulgates often very consciously a particular view on what the overall relationship between china and africa is and should be a relationship which i characterize as enlightened humanitarianism this view", "title_raw": "Representations of Africa in a Hong Kong Soap Opera: The Limits of Enlightened Humanitarianism in The Last Breakthrough", "abstract_raw": "Several studies have looked at \"Africa\" in the Western ima gery, and explored how it is constructed for Americans through popular media. This article offers a preliminary query into whether Chinese popular media functions in a similar way by examining a 2004 Hong Kong-produced soap opera that uses a medical humanitarian mission in Kenya to advance its plot and central themes. While many tropes regarding Africa found in Western media are repeated, there is a conscious effort in this production to embody a more enlightened approach. Nevertheless, the core relationship is marked by humanitarianism, and necessarily one embodying unequal power relations. The soap opera thus avoids critical questions of develop ment, globalization or even post-colonial solidarity, and instead rests more on older, safer paradigms of modernization. Still, an analysis of the drama reveals contradictions and unresolved tensions in which the relation ship with Africa parallels Hong Kong's relationship with mainland China. This study posits that popular culture can offer unique insights into under standing dynamics affecting the evolving relationship between China and Africa. From 15 November to 26 December 2004, a 30-episode drama, The Last Breakthrough, {Teen Ngai Hap Yee I Tianya xia yi ^ffiHfeW)1 {TLB) was broad cast on TVB in Hong Kong at 9.30 p.m. from Monday to Friday. Produced by Lam Chi Wah, it featured major stars, including Raymond Lam, Nick Cheung, Sonija Kwok, Leila Tong and Bosco Wong. Its ratings were not the best and it ranked only 15 out of 20 dramas in 2004.2 Nevertheless, with 1.8 million viewers 1 Tin Ngai Hup Yi (Heaven Edge Heroic Doctor) \"Teen Ngai Hap Yee\" (The Heroic Doctors of the World). 2 Television Broadcasts Limited, Annual Report 2004 Management Discussion and Analysis: Review of Operations (Hong Kong, 2005), pp. 1-77. Pont reported 35 million viewers in Hong Kong and the main land: J. Pont, Pontact Productions Newsletter (Nairobi: Pontact Productions EPZ Limited, 2005). Kitson reports: \"Viewers tuned in: 180 million; ratings: average 27 pts; first week 27 pts; final week ? The China Quarterly, 2009 doi: 10.1017/S0305741009990191 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.224 on Wed, 11 May 2016 05:06:14 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Representations of Africa per episode in its first airing in Hong Kong, extensive syndication, and DVD ren tals and sales, TLB is fondly remembered by many. It has found its way into the favourites list on several fans' posting sites and continues to elicit discussion and positive comments on the internet.3 Such serial dramas are a staple of TVB's pro duction output and the Hong Kong mediascape, as is the vibrant celebrity and fan culture surrounding them. What is unique about this production is that Africa was central to the storyline. Indeed, the Kenya Tourism Board collabo rated on the production with the aim of increasing tourism from China to Kenya.4 TLB appears to have been successful in that objective, given the correlation between positive fan web comments and increasing numbers of Chinese tourists to Kenya since it was originally broadcast, and then re-broadcast in other mar kets.5 In addition to showing off major tourist attractions and amenities in Kenya, the series promulgates, often very consciously, a particular view on what the overall relationship between China and Africa is and should be, a relationship which I characterize as \"enlightened humanitarianism.\" This view" }, { "paper": "2322807493", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2009", "title": "the political effects of inequality in latin america some inconvenient facts", "label": [ "94625758", "531593650", "2776663400", "158886217", "2777266375" ], "author": [ "2161553979" ], "reference": [ "270474471", "614917022", "1823439115", "1986646649", "2020272840", "2041511762", "2055721458", "2083248114", "2083277050", "2098989819", "2104153053", "2116467330", "2125785057", "2144854305", "2150003915", "3125212060" ], "abstract": "referring to the extreme economic and racial inequalities that have characterized his country since the colonial era fernando henrique cardoso has famously said that brazil is no longer an underdeveloped country but an unjust one surveys of mass publics throughout latin america indicate that large majorities hold similar views about their own societies all but small percentages in each country agree that the current distribution of income is unfair or very unfair 1 there is also evidence that inequality retards economic growth 2 but even if that were not the case we should still care a great deal about the inherent injustice of societies with such high concentrations of wealth and income", "title_raw": "The Political Effects of Inequality in Latin America: Some Inconvenient Facts", "abstract_raw": "Referring to the extreme economic and racial inequalities that have characterized his country since the colonial era, Fernando Henrique Cardoso has famously said that Brazil is no longer an underdeveloped country, but an unjust one. Surveys of mass publics throughout Latin America indicate that large majorities hold similar views about their own societies. All but small percentages in each country agree that the current distribution of income is \"unfair\" or \"very unfair.\"1 There is also evidence that inequality retards economic growth.2 But even if that were not the case, we should still care a great deal about the inherent injustice of societies with such high concentrations of wealth and income." }, { "paper": "2034188355", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2009", "title": "exposure to news political comedy and entertainment talk shows concern about security and political mistrust", "label": [ "148834064", "39549134", "512170562", "90508534", "528167355", "94625758", "529147693" ], "author": [ "1441030914", "1961316655", "2651066157" ], "reference": [ "1698660414", "1976167444", "1977537875", "1982975100", "1994048449", "1996635294", "1997338663", "2000400392", "2006766231", "2013717757", "2019829209", "2020091081", "2023246822", "2024065998", "2034210004", "2050676034", "2059396274", "2060858223", "2062291631", "2064869822", "2066366231", "2074955170", "2076460655", "2082899720", "2085346153", "2088640494", "2089559945", "2119720114", "2122498654", "2129912544", "2133384311", "2135592140", "2138287703", "2139862165", "2141723532", "2142058045", "2145011901", "2148836528", "2151669711", "2234938492", "2312640129", "2324275254", "2329970107", "3121227557" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Exposure to News, Political Comedy, and Entertainment Talk Shows: Concern about Security and Political Mistrust", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2069635463", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2009", "title": "engaging the health community in global economic reform", "label": [ "46578552", "2778584109" ], "author": [ "2174236447", "2311928225", "2116599683", "680617827", "2198643348", "2121053704" ], "reference": [ "70835970", "142642139", "646360490", "1510747703", "1969519875", "2099796459", "2128248134", "2897730719" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Engaging the health community in global economic reform", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2900613417", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2009", "title": "richard e ellis aggressive nationalism mcculloch v maryland and the foundation of federal authority in the young republic new york oxford university press 2007 pp 265 29 95reviews of bookscanada and the united states", "label": [ "521449643" ], "author": [ "2565918994" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Richard E. Ellis. Aggressive Nationalism: McCulloch v. Maryland and the Foundation of Federal Authority in the Young Republic . New York: Oxford University Press. 2007. Pp. 265. $29.95Reviews of BooksCanada and the United States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2073935273", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2009", "title": "the election of women in list pr systems testing the conventional wisdom", "label": [ "2780468282", "3116431", "156160270", "2777094542", "2778203169", "83009810", "2778521920" ], "author": [ "2135526789" ], "reference": [ "62318939", "89415422", "187004240", "401166033", "409824753", "422945158", "561987200", "588288507", "617353984", "636471132", "641870779", "1484419994", "1493287510", "1497152065", "1507598393", "1509161467", "1528271965", "1530365646", "1546728281", "1581694436", "1604343256", "1795032538", "1980699388", "1993374471", "1995017471", "2001947080", "2004315364", "2006437448", "2008251591", "2045509200", "2055270742", "2057241803", "2098696376", "2109448406", "2123876571", "2129409758", "2141741505", "2158643882", "2335928273", "2496790119", "2517821938", "2519074424", "2521101688", "2565212996", "2796863640", "3024885294" ], "abstract": "abstract certain institutional variables closed lists high district or party magnitudes gender quotas and placement mandates are widely thought to facilitate the election of women in list pr systems but this conventional wisdom has not been subject to a comprehensive cross national test after reviewing the pertinent literature and highlighting potential interactions among these institutional variables this article evaluates the election of women in virtually all democracies that rely primarily on list pr to elect the lower house or unicameral chamber of the national legislature using an original data set and ols regressions the results provide strong evidence that contextual differences rather than institutional factors explain most of the variation among the institutional variables only placement mandates clearly matter other institutional variables have only marginal impacts at best and these appear to diverge by ballot structure the conclusion briefly addresses the practical implications of these findings", "title_raw": "The election of women in list PR systems: Testing the conventional wisdom", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Certain institutional variables \u2013 closed lists, high district or party magnitudes, gender quotas, and placement mandates \u2013 are widely thought to facilitate the election of women in list PR systems, but this \u201cconventional wisdom\u201d has not been subject to a comprehensive, cross-national test. After reviewing the pertinent literature and highlighting potential interactions among these institutional variables, this article evaluates the election of women in virtually all democracies that rely primarily on list PR to elect the lower house or unicameral chamber of the national legislature, using an original data set and OLS regressions. The results provide strong evidence that contextual differences \u2013 rather than institutional factors \u2013 explain most of the variation. Among the institutional variables, only placement mandates clearly matter. Other institutional variables have only marginal impacts, at best, and these appear to diverge by ballot structure. The conclusion briefly addresses the practical implications of these findings." }, { "paper": "2020460827", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2009", "title": "political women and american democracy edited by christina wolbrecht karen beckwith and lisa baldez cambridge university press 2008", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2077723898" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Women and American Democracy . Edited by Christina Wolbrecht, Karen Beckwith, and Lisa Baldez. (Cambridge University Press, 2008.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2133889659", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2009", "title": "policy process scholarship and the road ahead an introduction to the 2008 policy shootout", "label": [ "3116431", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2287127778", "2681315321" ], "reference": [ "1966153654", "1979816052", "1992694808", "1992983828", "1996093391", "2010891089", "2025101597", "2050001123", "2057925945", "2058305429", "2067272660", "2079089981", "2105500732", "2109332867", "2127078718", "2142641665", "2155239015", "2170493758", "2570258325" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Policy Process, Scholarship, and the Road Ahead: An Introduction to the 2008 Policy Shootout!", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2034908852", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2009", "title": "the presidential and congressional elections in the usa november 2008", "label": [ "3116431", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2195486685" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The presidential and congressional elections in the USA, November 2008", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2143159330", "venue": "9731383", "year": "2009", "title": "the challenge of managing boundary spanning research activities experiences from the swedish context", "label": [ "2780271678", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2575059045", "2057839772", "1554895008" ], "reference": [ "232727551", "290762641", "315702076", "638692846", "646406264", "1483100613", "1491735933", "1509775387", "1528622076", "1561281342", "1567369619", "1600664477", "1600699364", "1887907191", "1919117961", "1937892664", "2001072301", "2002520967", "2037955071", "2048002078", "2052980568", "2075612270", "2095197847", "2096498889", "2097151508", "2110701024", "2138459499", "2141951329", "2316834100", "2484433838", "2485045536" ], "abstract": "contemporary and future challenges when managing research involve coping with emerging prerequisites which include among other things a new knowledge production discourse new research funding methods and new ways for international collaboration managers for boundary spanning research activities need to combine the sometimes opposing logics and perspectives of the multiple stakeholders the individual researchers searching for independence sustainability and freedom and others searching for integration relevance and predictability based on a collaborative research set up including interviews discussions and workshops with major swedish research funding agencies research program managers experienced industry partners and key stakeholders the paper identifies six main managerial challenges i lack of focus on research management and unsatisfying prerequisites ii weak identity and low status of the role of the research managers iii few incentives for research management iv lack of leadership development opportunities for researchers v multiple and sometimes contradictory expectations from different stakeholders and vi sustained funding finally the managerial implications of these challenges for universities and funding agencies are discussed", "title_raw": "The challenge of managing boundary-spanning research activities: Experiences from the Swedish context", "abstract_raw": "Contemporary and future challenges when managing research involve coping with emerging prerequisites which include, among other things, a new knowledge production discourse, new research funding methods and new ways for international collaboration. Managers for boundary-spanning research activities need to combine the sometimes opposing logics and perspectives of the multiple stakeholders-the individual researchers searching for independence, sustainability and freedom and others searching for integration, relevance and predictability. Based on a collaborative research set-up including interviews, discussions and workshops with major Swedish research funding agencies, research program managers, experienced industry partners and key stakeholders, the paper identifies six main managerial challenges: (i) lack of focus on research management and unsatisfying prerequisites, (ii) weak identity and low status of the role of the research managers, (iii) few incentives for research management, (iv) lack of leadership development opportunities for researchers, (v) multiple (and sometimes contradictory) expectations from different stakeholders, and (vi) sustained funding. Finally, the managerial implications of these challenges for universities and funding agencies are discussed." }, { "paper": "3124731177", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2009", "title": "defining contemporary forms of slavery updating a venerable ngo", "label": [ "2781313914", "513891491", "2780510313", "169437150", "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2313188679" ], "reference": [ "176524693", "588046301", "595219593", "598037202", "1541595432", "1547778023", "1574682562", "1582359653", "1594561524", "1979824218", "1981973050", "1987876631", "2002472433", "2040550243", "2051836572", "2079643502", "2081076786", "2142856512", "2586642702", "2727256404", "3121681143" ], "abstract": "no human rights abuse has resulted in more formal international treaties than slavery the great majority of these agreements resulted from pressure from civil society starting in great britain late in the 18th century anti slavery is the world s oldest international human rights organization having been founded in london in 1839 since its inception it has pressed for greater international recognition and elimination of numerous practices loosely grouped under forms of slavery in addition to the well known chattel variety these include servitude and contemporary forms of slavery such as debt bondage compulsory marriage forced or child labor sham adoption of children and trafficking in persons the efforts of anti slavery have not succeeded in a key area establishment of a permanent monitoring committee under un auspices to receive reports and recommend international action defining and combating contemporary forms of slavery examines the historical evolution of anti slavery as an organization from its inception to the early 21st century the article highlights reasons for the absence of an effective intra governmental supervisory group apart from the weak working group on contemporary forms of slavery the article also examines the evolution of slavery as an institution and concept from chattel forms to current forms that are deeply embedded in social economic and political structures thereby making change all the more difficult", "title_raw": "Defining Contemporary Forms of Slavery: Updating a Venerable NGO", "abstract_raw": "No human rights abuse has resulted in more formal international treaties than slavery. The great majority of these agreements resulted from pressure from civil society, starting in Great Britain late in the 18th century. Anti-Slavery is the world's oldest international human rights organization, having been founded in London in 1839. Since its inception, it has pressed for greater international recognition and elimination of numerous practices loosely grouped under forms of slavery. In addition to the well-known chattel variety, these include servitude and contemporary forms of slavery, such as debt bondage, compulsory marriage, forced or child labor, sham adoption of children, and trafficking in persons. The efforts of Anti-Slavery have not succeeded in a key area: establishment of a permanent monitoring committee under UN auspices to receive reports and recommend international action. Defining and combating contemporary forms of slavery; examines the historical evolution of Anti-Slavery as an organization from its inception to the early 21st century. The article highlights reasons for the absence of an effective intra-governmental supervisory group, apart from the weak Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery. The article also examines the evolution of slavery as an institution and concept, from chattel forms to current forms that are deeply embedded in social, economic and political structures, thereby making change all the more difficult." }, { "paper": "2159169641", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2009", "title": "tobacco industry efforts to undermine policy relevant research", "label": [ "2777754422", "39549134", "109986646", "185618831", "2781145028", "47344431" ], "author": [ "2165205927", "729075653" ], "reference": [ "1504347215", "1577181122", "1967069859", "1975608932", "1976663338", "1981437420", "1986344070", "1991032555", "1993569205", "1994794761", "1998271152", "2003009948", "2008046861", "2013680537", "2029492857", "2035169172", "2036284490", "2045234895", "2055864957", "2061503756", "2068785412", "2068822527", "2075091489", "2082179140", "2086811578", "2103710629", "2113026482", "2113102787", "2114272264", "2116056855", "2133631514", "2138487763", "2138562946", "2144605149", "2147091149", "2151460508", "2152371515", "2155008884", "2167627993", "2327319391", "2337600592", "2801887814" ], "abstract": "the tobacco industry working through third parties to prevent policy relevant research that adversely affected it between 1988 and 1998 used coordinated well funded strategies in repeated attempts to silence tobacco researcher stanton a glantz tactics included advertising litigation and attempts to have the us congress cut off the researcher s national cancer institute funding efforts like these can influence the policymaking process by silencing opposing voices and discouraging other scientists from doing work that may expose them to tobacco industry attacks the support of highly credible public health organizations and of researchers employers is crucial to the continued advancement of public health", "title_raw": "Tobacco industry efforts to undermine policy-relevant research.", "abstract_raw": "The tobacco industry, working through third parties to prevent policy-relevant research that adversely affected it between 1988 and 1998, used coordinated, well-funded strategies in repeated attempts to silence tobacco researcher Stanton A. Glantz. Tactics included advertising, litigation, and attempts to have the US Congress cut off the researcher's National Cancer Institute funding. Efforts like these can influence the policymaking process by silencing opposing voices and discouraging other scientists from doing work that may expose them to tobacco industry attacks. The support of highly credible public health organizations and of researchers\u2019 employers is crucial to the continued advancement of public health." }, { "paper": "2117157216", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2009", "title": "future roles of the uk intelligence system", "label": [ "139621336", "121426985", "510578393", "39549134", "203133693" ], "author": [ "2661086548" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the uk intelligence system is engaged in three distinct roles producing strategic assessments in the traditional way acting as a global policeman by monitoring terrorist and criminal networks and raising the capability of other countries to defeat terrorist and insurgency groups counter intuitively it is perhaps the first role that is most questionable the use of single source intelligence reporting drawn from individuals selected principally for their willingness to share secrets may not be the best way to analyse emerging issues such as climate change energy security and financial stability the joint intelligence committee jic may be drawing on too narrow a range of reporting to compete with increasingly sophisticated assessments from the private sector academia and ngos in any event the jic has less impact on policy than is often imagined the second task of global networker is better suited to the intelligence community s ability to combine human intelligence with communications intelligence and bulk data gathering and is producing results the third task of helping other countries to enforce the law and resist insurgency is proceeding on an ad hoc basis with occasional successes but requires co ordination across whitehall so that improvements in the capabilities of other countries intelligence services are accompanied by improved police and justice systems and enhanced oversight joint intelligence committee perhaps ought to be a joint action committee", "title_raw": "Future roles of the UK intelligence system", "abstract_raw": "The UK intelligence system is engaged in three distinct roles \u2013 producing strategic assessments in the traditional way; acting as a \u2018global policeman\u2019 by monitoring terrorist and criminal networks; and raising the capability of other countries to defeat terrorist and insurgency groups. Counter-intuitively, it is perhaps the first role that is most questionable. The use of single source intelligence reporting, drawn from individuals selected principally for their willingness to share secrets, may not be the best way to analyse emerging issues such as climate change, energy security and financial stability. The Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) may be drawing on too narrow a range of reporting to compete with increasingly sophisticated assessments from the private sector, academia and NGOs. In any event, the JIC has less impact on policy than is often imagined. The second task of \u2018global networker\u2019 is better-suited to the intelligence community's ability to combine human intelligence with communications intelligence and bulk data gathering, and is producing results. The third task of helping other countries to enforce the law and resist insurgency is proceeding on an ad hoc basis with occasional successes, but requires co-ordination across Whitehall so that improvements in the capabilities of other countries' intelligence services are accompanied by improved police and justice systems and enhanced oversight. Joint Intelligence Committee perhaps ought to be a Joint Action Committee." }, { "paper": "1985697951", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2009", "title": "european bodies can help to tackle tb worldwide", "label": [ "46578552", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2119024243", "734915370", "2098489998" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "European bodies can help to tackle TB worldwide", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2123607756", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2009", "title": "hegemonic transition in east asia the dynamics of chinese and american power", "label": [ "2776051254", "135121143", "191935318", "186780021", "76775654", "99000247" ], "author": [ "2110193632" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the rise of china is seen by some observers as a precursor of inevitable hegemonic competition in east asia at the very least it seems likely that china s influence in east asia will grow at the expense of the united states whether this will eventually amount to a form of hegemonic transition is far less clear it is therefore an opportune moment to consider the relative strengths and weaknesses of china and the us in east asia this paper suggests that the nature of hegemonic competition and transition is more uncertain and complex than some of the most influential theoretical understandings of hegemony would have us believe", "title_raw": "Hegemonic transition in East Asia? The dynamics of Chinese and American power", "abstract_raw": "The \u2018rise of China\u2019 is seen by some observers as a precursor of inevitable hegemonic competition in East Asia. At the very least, it seems likely that China\u2019s influence in East Asia will grow at the expense of the United States. Whether this will eventually amount to a form of \u2018hegemonic transition\u2019 is far less clear. It is, therefore, an opportune moment to consider the relative strengths and weaknesses of China and the US in East Asia. This paper suggests that the nature of hegemonic competition and transition is more uncertain and complex than some of the most influential theoretical understandings of hegemony would have us believe." }, { "paper": "2077924679", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2009", "title": "canadian science minister under fire", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2168523692" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Canadian science minister under fire.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2333591282", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2009", "title": "the politics of citizenship policy in new states", "label": [ "2780781376", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "122040171" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Citizenship Policy in New States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1982857061", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "for many scientists the madoff scandal suddenly hits home", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2084455017" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the alleged ponzi scheme created by wall street investor bernard l madoff has touched many scientists including dozens who received funding from a respected charitable group that was decimated when the fraud collapsed", "title_raw": "For Many Scientists, the Madoff Scandal Suddenly Hits Home", "abstract_raw": "The alleged Ponzi scheme created by Wall Street investor Bernard L. Madoff has touched many scientists, including dozens who received funding from a respected charitable group that was decimated when the fraud collapsed." }, { "paper": "2157389012", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2009", "title": "genetically modified diplomacy the global politics of agricultural biotechnology and the environment peter andree vancouver ubc press 2007 pp 324", "label": [ "557252395", "538383745" ], "author": [ "2635289378" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Genetically Modified Diplomacy: The Global Politics of Agricultural Biotechnology and the Environment , Peter Andree, Vancouver: UBC Press, 2007, pp. 324", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2052577656", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2009", "title": "20 mongolia transmogrification of a communist party", "label": [ "542948173", "191935318", "206440729" ], "author": [ "2251596471" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "20. Mongolia: Transmogrification of a Communist Party", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1993683011", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2009", "title": "book review integration and transition susan bibler coutin nations of emigrants shifting boundaries of citizenship in el salvador and the united states ithaca and london cornell university press 2007 263 pp 11 94 pbk montserrat guibernau the identity of nations cambridge and malden polity press 2007 235 pp 17 99 pbk", "label": [ "2779707719", "104151175", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2715178339" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: INTEGRATION AND TRANSITION Susan Bibler Coutin, Nations of Emigrants: Shifting Boundaries of Citizenship in El Salvador and the United States (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2007, 263 pp., \u00a311.94 pbk.). Montserrat Guibernau, The Identity of Nations (Cambridge and Malden: Polity Press, 2007, 235 pp., \u00a317.99 pbk.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2065678539", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "we need to talk about bioweapons", "label": [ "59411770" ], "author": [ "2061678832" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the two books explore the nature and magnitude of the threats posed by biological weapons along with approaches to preventing their use", "title_raw": "We Need to Talk About Bioweapons", "abstract_raw": "The two books explore the nature and magnitude of the threats posed by biological weapons along with approaches to preventing their use." }, { "paper": "2076728815", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2009", "title": "back to the future performance related pay empirical research and the perils of persistence", "label": [ "148834064", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2136106740", "1717486957", "2164521124" ], "reference": [ "625269912", "1481720149", "1487286303", "1508502335", "1529494517", "1538633904", "1547966430", "1550562788", "1577500128", "1582720840", "1599475083", "1771984190", "1853924841", "1857170875", "1941972935", "1964011822", "1964382516", "1965278510", "1970565780", "1974260892", "1975160518", "1992194783", "1993663609", "1997319171", "1998992672", "2000911017", "2003388302", "2013983498", "2025500675", "2025744590", "2031812585", "2032416996", "2032739167", "2032763266", "2039587039", "2053248206", "2054453164", "2056125536", "2066953573", "2068230868", "2073847089", "2074125627", "2075900532", "2085348691", "2086202571", "2086268911", "2086862500", "2093072859", "2097379295", "2102617642", "2106711895", "2141463574", "2144362259", "2146890490", "2147723048", "2150624380", "2155491446", "2160248385", "2161823960", "2167146641", "2169803357", "2171043796", "2310669747", "2314334706", "2319060563", "2324563422", "2334842708", "2409319315", "2412902151", "2553483605", "2795511975", "2949575709", "2973282358", "2992339015", "3020139901", "3022009422", "3121251326", "3122859700", "3124194710", "3140533160" ], "abstract": "one of the most persistent initiatives launched by elected officials at all levels of government over the past three decades in the united states has involved pay for performance reward systems for government employees but have pay for performance systems lived up to the promise that proponents have held out for them have the basic theories underlying them proven valid what lessons can be drawn from prior experiences with pay for performance systems james perry trent a engbers and so yun jun of indiana university launch this installment s exchange among leading scholars and practitioners by drawing lessons from their meta analysis of research assessing pay for performance systems in the united states from 1977 to 2008", "title_raw": "Back to the Future? Performance\u2010Related Pay, Empirical Research, and the Perils of Persistence", "abstract_raw": "One of the most persistent initiatives launched by elected officials at all levels of government over the past three decades in the United States has involved pay-for-performance reward systems for government employees. But have pay-for-performance systems lived up to the promise that proponents have held out for them? Have the basic theories underlying them proven valid? What lessons can be drawn from prior experiences with pay-for-performance systems? James Perry, Trent A. Engbers, and So Yun Jun of Indiana University launch this installment's exchange among leading scholars and practitioners by drawing lessons from their meta-analysis of research assessing pay-for-performance systems in the United States from 1977 to 2008." }, { "paper": "1981716866", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2009", "title": "rappert brian caitriona mcleish eds 2007 a web of prevention biological weapons life sciences and the governance of research london sterling va earthscan v 218 pp isbn 9781844073733", "label": [ "59411770" ], "author": [ "2315744914" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "\u25a0 Rappert, Brian & Caitr\u00edona McLeish, eds, 2007. A Web of Prevention: Biological Weapons, Life Sciences and the Governance of Research. London & Sterling, VA: Earthscan. v + 218 pp. ISBN 9781844073733:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2105498498", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2009", "title": "the europeanization of british politics edited by i bache and a jordan", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2169077557" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Europeanization of British Politics \u2013 Edited by I. Bache and A. Jordan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2145985378", "venue": "49968029", "year": "2009", "title": "sexual violence in europe in world war ii 1939 1945", "label": [ "521449643", "199539241", "137403100", "137355542", "2777996642" ], "author": [ "2487757082" ], "reference": [ "597711147", "1527898933", "1555198855", "1965305644", "2063254583", "2795678925", "2799195259" ], "abstract": "focusing in particular on the german soviet war in the east this article explores variations in patterns of sexual violence associated with armed forces in europe during and immediately after world war ii besides soldier violence perpetrated against civilian populations a significant role was also played by irregular forces most notably by partisan guerrillas and civilian vigilantes ethnic nationalist partisan forces perpetrated especially brutal sexual violence against women and girls of enemy nationalities likewise after liberation civilian reprisals were fairly common throughout europe against so called sexual collaborators that is against women excoriated for providing sexual comfort to the enemy during the german occupation", "title_raw": "Sexual Violence in Europe in World War II, 1939\u20141945", "abstract_raw": "Focusing in particular on the German-Soviet war in the East, this article explores variations in patterns of sexual violence associated with armed forces in Europe during and immediately after World War II. Besides soldier violence perpetrated against civilian populations, a significant role was also played by irregular forces: most notably, by partisan guerrillas and civilian vigilantes. Ethnic nationalist partisan forces perpetrated especially brutal sexual violence against women and girls of \u201cenemy\u201d nationalities. Likewise, after liberation civilian reprisals were fairly common throughout Europe against so-called \u201csexual collaborators\u201d\u2014that is, against women excoriated for providing \u201csexual comfort\u201d to the enemy during the German occupation." }, { "paper": "2570176826", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2009", "title": "obama s honduras problem", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "1821535560" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Obama's Honduras Problem", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2037202195", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2009", "title": "why voters in patronage democracies split their tickets strategic voting for ethnic parties", "label": [ "167654663", "520049643", "117763746", "164575281", "48226144", "2777974950", "3116431", "156160270", "106259374" ], "author": [ "2150208108" ], "reference": [ "159958074", "1533369859", "1533460353", "1595863468", "1629037812", "1854379977", "1967621485", "1971479832", "1977418882", "1984639509", "1990938326", "2008477779", "2008939445", "2011650258", "2019918266", "2034795151", "2046259088", "2066394572", "2077414835", "2110279383", "2146626525", "2257550253", "2277715897", "2317092818", "2319964564", "2320481270", "2324440273", "2326685550", "2328515106", "2476124367", "2482995165", "2999739358", "3127488876" ], "abstract": "abstract this article introduces a hypothesis predicting when we should see split ticket voting in patronage democracies derived from a model of strategic voting for ethnic parties it supports the model based on an examination of the behaviour of scheduled caste voters in the north indian state of uttar pradesh across national and regional elections in 1996 using multiple sources of data an ei analysis of election results ethnography and survey data these data are consistent with the model but are not conclusive in contrast to previous scholarship on ethnic parties which assumes that those who support ethnic parties vote sincerely these data show that strategic voting drives the phenomenon of split ticket voting by scheduled caste voters but they do not allow us to rule out that strategic mechanisms other than those introduced here may explain the same outcome a stronger test requires demographic and survey data tailored to distinguish precisely between different models of strategic voting with different predictions for the conditions under which voters split their tickets so far the dominant assumption of sincere voting in the work on ethnic parties has meant that these data are rarely collected the contribution of this article is to make a sufficient case that collecting such data is important to understanding ethnicity and voting behaviour in india and other patronage democracies", "title_raw": "Why voters in patronage democracies split their tickets: Strategic voting for ethnic parties", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This article introduces a hypothesis predicting when we should see split-ticket voting in \u2018patronage democracies\u2019 derived from a model of strategic voting for ethnic parties. It supports the model based on an examination of the behaviour of Scheduled Caste voters in the north-Indian state of Uttar Pradesh across national and regional elections in 1996 using multiple sources of data: an EI analysis of election results, ethnography, and survey data. These data are consistent with the model, but are not conclusive. In contrast to previous scholarship on ethnic parties, which assumes that those who support ethnic parties vote sincerely, these data show that strategic voting drives the phenomenon of split-ticket voting by Scheduled Caste voters. But they do not allow us to rule out that strategic mechanisms other than those introduced here may explain the same outcome. A stronger test requires demographic and survey data tailored to distinguish precisely between different models of strategic voting, with different predictions for the conditions under which voters split their tickets. So far, the dominant assumption of sincere voting in the work on ethnic parties has meant that these data are rarely collected. The contribution of this article is to make a sufficient case that collecting such data is important to understanding ethnicity and voting behaviour in India and other patronage democracies." }, { "paper": "2096510594", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2009", "title": "the colonial american origins of modern democratic thought by j s maloy new york cambridge university press 2008 224p 75 00", "label": [ "555826173", "531593650" ], "author": [ "2271456843" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Colonial American Origins of Modern Democratic Thought . By J.S. Maloy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 224p. $75.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2316368891", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2009", "title": "co prosperity sphere again united states foreign policy and japan s first regionalism in the 1950s", "label": [ "549326192", "2776554220", "137355542", "76775654", "93377909", "2779010840" ], "author": [ "1967385021" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "regionalism in the asia pacific attracts considerable attention since the end of the 1980s we have witnessed many proposals for creating regional institutions such as apec asia pacific economic cooperation eaec the east asia economic caucus and asean 3 a so called east asian community this movement is often called new regionalism or second regionalism together with the expanding and deepening links within the eu the european union and the creation of nafta the north american free trade agreement adjectives such as new and second indicate that contemporary asia pacific regionalism is not unprecedented competition in creating regional blocs was one of the contributing factors leading to world war ii in the war s aftermath attempts to build regional arrangements in asia continued especially in the 1950s and 1960s leading to the so called first regionalism phase which saw the creation of seato the southeast asian treaty organization in 1954 asa the association of southeast asia in 1961 and aspac the asia pacific council in 1966 however many of these arrangements never came to full fruition or once created soon ceased to exist only one state led regional arrangement has survived to the present asean the association of southeast asian nations but it is far less formal and institutionalized than its western counterparts why are there no institutions in the asia pacific that are equivalent to those found in western regions such as the eu nato and nafta since", "title_raw": "Co-Prosperity Sphere Again? United States Foreign Policy and Japan's \u201cFirst\u201d Regionalism in the 1950s", "abstract_raw": "Regionalism in the Asia-Pacific attracts considerable attention. Since the end of the 1980s, we have witnessed many proposals for creating regional institutions such as APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation), EAEC (the East Asia Economic Caucus) and ASEAN+3 (a so-called East Asian Community). This movement is often called \"New Regionalism\" or \"Second Regionalism\" together with the expanding and deepening links within the EU (the European Union) and the creation of NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement) ? Adjectives such as \"new\" and \"second\" indicate that contemporary Asia Pacific regionalism is not unprecedented. Competition in creating regional blocs was one of the contributing factors leading to World War II. In the war's aftermath, attempts to build regional arrangements in Asia continued, especially in the 1950s and 1960s, leading to the so-called \"First Regionalism\" phase, which saw the creation of SEATO (the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization) in 1954, ASA (the Association of Southeast Asia) in 1961, and ASPAC (the Asia-Pacific Council) in 1966. However, many of these arrangements never came to full fruition or, once created, soon ceased to exist. Only one state-led regional arrangement has survived to the present: ASEAN (the Association of Southeast Asian Nations). But it is far less formal and institutionalized than its Western counterparts. Why are there no institutions in the Asia-Pacific that are equivalent to those found in Western regions, such as the EU, NATO and NAFTA? Since" }, { "paper": "2060980370", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2009", "title": "retracted papers linked to 2007 extortion attempt", "label": [ "2779066997" ], "author": [ "2151453042" ], "reference": [ "1998843446", "2014611104", "2025777743", "2051900539", "2055504740" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Retracted papers linked to 2007 extortion attempt", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2942716807", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2009", "title": "recent scholarship on ngos", "label": [ "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2483402033" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Recent Scholarship on NGOs", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2154287207", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2009", "title": "village elections and redistribution of political power and collective property", "label": [ "2775987171", "74080474", "94625758", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2668368535" ], "reference": [ "1971749207", "1986694580", "2047554054", "3121746539", "3125483422", "3125597941" ], "abstract": "this study of competitive elections in a northern china village identifies two contradictions one between villagers and village officials the other between village elite and those seeking power the one between villagers and the old leadership in the village focuses on the latter s corruption and bad governance which had led to serious erosion and unfair distribution of the collective property the one between villagers and the new leadership lies in the latter s failure to address the problems left by the old leadership both led to popular discontent and fuelled political participation the contradiction between elite members focuses on compet ing for political office which has resulted in the formation of factions and factionalism in both election and post election politics and has become a salient feature of the village politics the investigation of this village with governing problems found that free elections have brought about a radical redistribution of political power but little satisfaction to villagers because their deep seated desire for a fair redistribution of the collective property remains unfulfilled since the 1990s village elections have drawn increasing attention for both their practical and theoretical implications about china s democratization even though a trend to move towards more open and competitive elections and peasant empowerment seems clear to many scholars and observers disagreement remains as to the nature impact and implications of elections this article joins the debate through the case of competitive elections in a northern village by highlighting the contradictions between villagers and cadres and between village elite this study aims at advancing a fresh perspective and new knowledge about rural political participation and democratization methodological and theoretical argument a lively debate has been going on since the mid 1990s on china s rural political participation and democratization with scholars adopting either an economic or a political approach those who adopt the former try to identify certain crucial relationships between economic development and rural political participation the china quarterly 2009 doi 10 1017 s0305741009000071 this content downloaded from 207 46 13 118 on sun 11 sep 2016 05 51 51 utc all use subject to http about jstor org terms", "title_raw": "Village Elections and Redistribution of Political Power and Collective Property", "abstract_raw": "This study of competitive elections in a northern China village identifies two contradictions: one between villagers and village officials, the other between village elite and those seeking power. The one between villagers and the old leadership in the village focuses on the latter's corruption and bad governance, which had led to serious erosion and unfair distribution of the collective property. The one between villagers and the new leadership lies in the latter's failure to address the problems left by the old leadership. Both led to popular discontent and fuelled political participation. The contradiction between elite members focuses on compet ing for political office, which has resulted in the formation of factions and factionalism in both election and post-election politics and has become a salient feature of the village politics. The investigation of this village with governing problems found that free elections have brought about a radical redistribution of political power, but little satisfaction to villagers because their deep-seated desire for a fair redistribution of the collective property remains unfulfilled. Since the 1990s, village elections have drawn increasing attention for both their practical and theoretical implications about China's democratization. Even though a trend to move towards more open and competitive elections and peasant empowerment seems clear to many scholars and observers, disagreement remains as to the nature, impact and implications of elections. This article joins the debate through the case of competitive elections in a northern village. By highlighting the contradictions between villagers and cadres, and between village elite, this study aims at advancing a fresh perspective and new knowledge about rural political participation and democratization. Methodological and Theoretical Argument A lively debate has been going on since the mid-1990s on China's rural political participation and democratization, with scholars adopting either an economic or a political approach. Those who adopt the former try to identify certain crucial relationships between economic development and rural political participation. The China Quarterly, 2009 doi: 10.1017/S0305741009000071 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.118 on Sun, 11 Sep 2016 05:51:51 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms" }, { "paper": "2127186876", "venue": "44706263", "year": "2009", "title": "the impact of judicial opinion language on the transmission of federal circuit court precedents", "label": [ "61192294", "56617239", "47855350", "100505606", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1978131218" ], "reference": [ "587465386", "604030376", "608014366", "1890931962", "1970278089", "2000401262", "2011177012", "2017654724", "2027111073", "2036450032", "2056266477", "2059507723", "2062321277", "2062928325", "2068794788", "2073469918", "2077453606", "2082182714", "2088511526", "2099897284", "2102470010", "2114608893", "2126062647", "2131258862", "2155908201", "2156188944", "2165118103", "2314616127", "2318546705", "2322814185", "2325691286", "2325796118", "2799838514" ], "abstract": "why do some federal circuit court precedents transmit across circuits when others do not does judicial opinion language influence which cases are more likely to transmit previous research on the transmission of precedents has focused primarily on attributes of the circuits or judges who wrote the decisions without considering whether opinion language also influences citations this study hypothesizes that precedents are more likely to transmit to other circuits when judges communicate their importance using features of opinion language such as the legal grounding the amount of supporting evidence and the decision to file a per curiam opinion the results indicate that opinion language does influence the transmission of precedents which suggests that judges who care about policy and are willing to take affirmative steps to encourage citations can use opinion language to enhance their impact", "title_raw": "The Impact of Judicial Opinion Language on the Transmission of Federal Circuit Court Precedents", "abstract_raw": "Why do some federal circuit court precedents transmit across circuits when others do not? Does judicial opinion language influence which cases are more likely to transmit? Previous research on the transmission of precedents has focused primarily on attributes of the circuits or judges who wrote the decisions, without considering whether opinion language also influences citations. This study hypothesizes that precedents are more likely to transmit to other circuits when judges communicate their importance using features of opinion language such as the legal grounding, the amount of supporting evidence, and the decision to file a per curiam opinion. The results indicate that opinion language does influence the transmission of precedents, which suggests that judges who care about policy and are willing to take affirmative steps to encourage citations can use opinion language to enhance their impact." }, { "paper": "2128907712", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2009", "title": "the roles of party organizations party connected committees and party allies in elections", "label": [ "45184978", "96316394", "186523255", "106259374", "39549134", "125505783", "3116431", "162643989", "94625758" ], "author": [ "283184532" ], "reference": [ "560912130", "579532436", "612397365", "637290047", "639276453", "1497123038", "1964242754", "1975967432", "1976912791", "1977102009", "1979579179", "1981357072", "1985101367", "1991576322", "1998350320", "2001041941", "2007429401", "2020834615", "2025389316", "2033296009", "2048299358", "2053418045", "2056609919", "2086383862", "2098915726", "2103937568", "2124202822", "2146701876", "2147615589", "2312254807", "2320857094", "2329648039", "2332040456", "2335549313", "2796890537", "2800659152", "3121428321" ], "abstract": "what constitutes party campaign activity in elections the answer to this question depends on how one defines a political party this study defines political parties as enduring multilayered coalitions these coalitions include actors not often considered components of the party namely party connected committees consisting of party members personal campaign committees and leadership pacs and party allies consisting of interest groups that primarily support one party s candidates the inclusion of these actors highlights the parties ability to adapt to their political environment and shows that most extant studies underestimate the parties influence in election campaigns the study also demonstrates that a reliance on datasets that aggregate information in particular ways serves to illuminate some aspects of politics but may lead to other aspects being overlooked", "title_raw": "The Roles of Party Organizations, Party-Connected Committees, and Party Allies in Elections", "abstract_raw": "What constitutes party campaign activity in elections? The answer to this question depends on how one defines a political party. This study defines political parties as enduring multilayered coalitions. These coalitions include actors not often considered components of the party; namely, party-connected committees, consisting of party members\u2019 personal campaign committees and leadership PACs, and party allies, consisting of interest groups that primarily support one party's candidates. The inclusion of these actors highlights the parties\u2019 ability to adapt to their political environment and shows that most extant studies underestimate the parties\u2019 influence in election campaigns. The study also demonstrates that a reliance on datasets that aggregate information in particular ways serves to illuminate some aspects of politics, but may lead to other aspects being overlooked." }, { "paper": "2122131394", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2009", "title": "book review david keen complex emergencies cambridge polity 2008 221 pp 15 99 pbk", "label": [ "2779707719" ], "author": [ "2666284109" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: David Keen, Complex Emergencies (Cambridge: Polity, 2008, 221 pp., \u00a315.99 pbk)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2575115348", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2009", "title": "book review the rise of the conservative legal movement the battle for control of the lawthe rise of the conservative legal movement the battle for control of the law by telessteven m princeton nj princeton university press 2008 339 pp 38 50 cloth isbn 9780691122083", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2041874446" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: The Rise of the Conservative Legal Movement: The Battle for Control of the LawThe Rise of the Conservative Legal Movement: The Battle for Control of the Law, by TelesSteven M.. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008. 339 pp. $38.50 cloth. ISBN: 9780691122083.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2068565683", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2009", "title": "book review ray bush poverty and neoliberalism persistence and reproduction in the global south london and ann arbour mi pluto press 2007 256 pp 19 99 pbk", "label": [ "118589477", "189326681" ], "author": [ "2682857236" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Ray Bush, Poverty and Neoliberalism: Persistence and Reproduction in the Global South (London and Ann Arbour, MI: Pluto Press, 2007, 256 pp., \u00a319.99 pbk.):", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2061550457", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2009", "title": "north korea halts foreign food aid programme", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2555396545" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "North Korea halts foreign food-aid programme.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2743001406", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2009", "title": "multiversities ideas and democracy", "label": [ "111439079", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2985588777" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Multiversities, Ideas, and Democracy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2022528934", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2009", "title": "court setback for science writer", "label": [ "199539241", "2778437332" ], "author": [ "2011076267" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Court setback for science writer", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2090281875", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "america s uncounted millions", "label": [ "94625758", "2780849931", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2188333814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the 2010 censusin early may 2010 1 2 million temporary workers will start knocking on the doors of about one third of the u s population the people who haven t sent in their census forms despite the best efforts of these workers however many people will be missed how to deal with this undercount has occupied statisticians for decades it s also of perennial interest to politicians because the census is used to reapportion seats in the house of representatives the obama administration has repeatedly said it has no plans to conduct an adjustment in the 2010 census count as many statisticians have advocated but that hasn t stopped several house republicans from agitating about such a possibility which they fear would benefit democrats and they have accused the administration of attempting to politicize the census", "title_raw": "America's Uncounted Millions", "abstract_raw": "The 2010 CensusIn early May 2010, 1.2 million temporary workers will start knocking on the doors of about one-third of the U.S. population: the people who haven't sent in their census forms. Despite the best efforts of these workers, however, many people will be missed. How to deal with this undercount has occupied statisticians for decades. It's also of perennial interest to politicians because the census is used to reapportion seats in the House of Representatives. The Obama Administration has repeatedly said it has no plans to conduct an \"adjustment\" in the 2010 census count, as many statisticians have advocated. But that hasn't stopped several House Republicans from agitating about such a possibility, which they fear would benefit Democrats, and they have accused the Administration of attempting to politicize the census." }, { "paper": "2110967763", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2009", "title": "binayak sen and the cost of dissent in india", "label": [ "3116431", "523173360" ], "author": [ "2197268896" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Binayak Sen and the cost of dissent in India", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1971399249", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2009", "title": "meritocracy and americans views on distributive justiceby richard t longoria", "label": [ "38377331" ], "author": [ "2137955852" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Meritocracy and Americans' Views on Distributive Justiceby Richard T. Longoria", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2046793751", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2009", "title": "the politics of switzerland continuity and change in a consensus democracy by h kriesi and a trexsel", "label": [ "3116431", "2780696582", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2920385058" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Switzerland: Continuity and Change in a Consensus Democracy \u2013 By H. Kriesi and A. Trexsel", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2030024426", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2009", "title": "urban protest in burkina faso", "label": [ "53844881", "201342494", "199539241", "2780668109", "136810230", "94625758", "2778719706", "123108692", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2627830374" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Urban Protest in Burkina Faso", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1609528535", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2009", "title": "negotiating democracy edited by isaac blankson and patrick murphy albany state university of new york press 2007 285 pp 24 95 paper", "label": [ "2776398702", "555826173", "199776023" ], "author": [ "1937207367" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Negotiating Democracy, edited by Isaac Blankson and Patrick Murphy: Albany: State University of New York Press, 2007. 285 pp. $24.95 paper", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2032836347", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2009", "title": "don t cry politicization", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2441686737" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Don't cry politicization.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2125283691", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2009", "title": "introduction remapping development studies", "label": [ "160515943" ], "author": [ "2124785385", "2204452302" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in celebrating its 30th anniversary as a review journal that has provided leading coverage in development studies third world quarterly is proud to publish this special issue as a testament to the", "title_raw": "Introduction: remapping development studies", "abstract_raw": "In celebrating its 30th anniversary as a review journal that has provided leading coverage in development studies, Third World Quarterly is proud to publish this special issue as a testament to the..." }, { "paper": "1994937482", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2009", "title": "the origins of capitalism and the rise of the west", "label": [ "514928085" ], "author": [ "2128627821" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Origins of Capitalism and the \u201cRise of the West\u201d:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2069057661", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "the power of the printed word", "label": [ "2776051254", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2181837415" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "behavior figure 1 credits top to bottom the washington post the washington times a common belief in the united states is that the media exhibit a liberal bias which generally aligns them with democratic programs and politicians in their reporting of the news and in their selection", "title_raw": "The Power of the Printed Word", "abstract_raw": "Behavior![Figure][1] \n\nCREDITS (TOP TO BOTTOM): THE WASHINGTON POST ; THE WASHINGTON TIMES \n\nA common belief in the United States is that the media exhibit a liberal bias, which generally aligns them with Democratic programs and politicians, in their reporting of the news and in their selection" }, { "paper": "1528675432", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2009", "title": "spin cycle how research is used in policy debates the case of charter schools", "label": [ "3116431", "2777596936" ], "author": [ "2596871577" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Spin Cycle: How Research Is Used in Policy Debates, The Case of Charter Schools", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2104284010", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2009", "title": "understanding the knowledge gap the role of experts and journalists", "label": [ "39549134", "94625758", "558299567", "90508534" ], "author": [ "2719299229" ], "reference": [ "160775651", "199238147", "562508101", "655227758", "1520648990", "1554626463", "1562033625", "1585451904", "1588286827", "1966573893", "1972466859", "1976957699", "1977015532", "1977825494", "1980697352", "1984235607", "1984901792", "1986632071", "1986713131", "2000149655", "2001938430", "2005786353", "2008092745", "2027261706", "2029460038", "2029887656", "2030398623", "2030769837", "2049856182", "2056759112", "2061630911", "2061917434", "2066296137", "2073258726", "2074156081", "2086721821", "2094198001", "2095437681", "2096879181", "2102863441", "2112005211", "2122868041", "2129912544", "2132838079", "2144773297", "2147984996", "2149257645", "2157979842", "2158437999", "2166409497", "2321420763", "2324392187", "2505213109", "2757079527", "3121539865" ], "abstract": "decades of research attest to the strong positive association between an individual s socioeconomic status ses and his or her level of political knowledge this study shows that differences in how the media cover political issues influence the distribution of knowledge in society by altering the strength of that relationship i combine individual level survey data with media content analysis to examine the variation in knowledge across more than four dozen issues in a series of three studies i show that higher levels of expert commentary in news stories reinforce ses based differences in political knowledge by contrast greater levels of contextual coverage diminish those differences these findings have important implications for how the mass media report on political developments and how they might better encourage citizen engagement with the political world", "title_raw": "Understanding the Knowledge Gap: The Role of Experts and Journalists", "abstract_raw": "Decades of research attest to the strong positive association between an individual's socioeconomic status (SES) and his or her level of political knowledge. This study shows that differences in how the media cover political issues influence the distribution of knowledge in society by altering the strength of that relationship. I combine individual-level survey data with media content analysis to examine the variation in knowledge across more than four dozen issues. In a series of three studies, I show that higher levels of expert commentary in news stories reinforce SES-based differences in political knowledge. By contrast, greater levels of contextual coverage diminish those differences. These findings have important implications for how the mass media report on political developments and how they might better encourage citizen engagement with the political world." }, { "paper": "2028996919", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2009", "title": "reforming china s health care for the people by the people", "label": [ "193395930", "113807197", "160735492", "191935318", "47344431" ], "author": [ "2778236749" ], "reference": [ "2038928177", "2095309860", "2143010699", "2158322193" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reforming China's health care: for the people, by the people?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2004496010", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2009", "title": "confronting the weakest link aiding political parties in new democracies by thomas carothers carnegie endowment for international peace 2006", "label": [ "145197507", "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2158200158" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Confronting the Weakest Link Aiding Political Parties in New Democracies . By Thomas Carothers. (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2006.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2586916615", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2009", "title": "obama and his general", "label": [ "3116431", "2781145704", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2617424296" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Obama and His General", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2551276471", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2009", "title": "in the quicksands of somalia", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2317708453" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "In the Quicksands of Somalia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1980734505", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2009", "title": "candidate effects and spill over in mixed systems evidence from new zealand", "label": [ "46295352", "2781440851", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2108635748" ], "reference": [ "375955452", "613925051", "1507598393", "1533686470", "1604343256", "1908082384", "1988971683", "1995643388", "2015505435", "2024674158", "2026411024", "2045509200", "2053095729", "2053191951", "2061873830", "2065390436", "2077056189", "2081753788", "2120643638", "2126896061", "2130273899", "2132991869", "2133806170", "2137530415", "2140291517", "2145506979", "2154615580", "2165384165", "2166980754", "2167920059", "2315809957", "2319116162", "2502906366", "2796863640", "3023885277" ], "abstract": "abstract although mixed member proportional mmp systems offer several advantages they also have one potential problem that threatens the legitimacy of electoral outcomes some suggest that these systems suffer from a contamination effect where candidates have the potential to influence the party list vote which ultimately determines the partisan composition of parliament this paper examines this theory in new zealand which has conducted four elections under mmp the analysis is based on district level data merged with individual level data the findings suggest that although many voters do not have an opinion of candidates those who do are likely to evaluate incumbents and party leaders more positively while these factors can also have an influence on the party list vote the overall effect is quite limited", "title_raw": "Candidate effects and spill-over in mixed systems: Evidence from New Zealand", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Although mixed member proportional (MMP) systems offer several advantages they also have one potential problem that threatens the legitimacy of electoral outcomes. Some suggest that these systems suffer from a \u2019contamination effect\u2019 where candidates have the potential to influence the party list vote which ultimately determines the partisan composition of parliament. This paper examines this theory in New Zealand which has conducted four elections under MMP. The analysis is based on district level data merged with individual level data. The findings suggest that although many voters do not have an opinion of candidates, those who do are likely to evaluate incumbents and party leaders more positively. While these factors can also have an influence on the party list vote, the overall effect is quite limited." }, { "paper": "2148192976", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2009", "title": "the politics of health reform how political interests and preferences shape political strategy", "label": [ "103511597", "160735492", "36201420", "555826173", "3116431", "51575053", "2778584109", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2792870755", "2130723941" ], "reference": [ "655607452", "1975713699", "2088150616" ], "abstract": "advent of a new engaging president a poor economy and soaring health care costs made the time ripe for major health reformboth in 1993 and now in 2009 in 1994 americans came to associate health care reform with a couple named harry and louise who sitting at the kitchen table fretted over the hopeless maze of bureaucratic procedures and seeming lack of choice in the clinton health care plan but as the current harry and louise television ads demonstrate the environment has changed from our vantage points as apsa congressional fellowsone working for an influential moderate democratic senator on a key committee and one working for a rank and file moderate democratic house memberwe describe our view of the attempts to successfully pass health reform in the 111th congress where similar attempts during the 103rd congress failed", "title_raw": "The Politics of Health Reform: How Political Interests and Preferences Shape Political Strategy", "abstract_raw": "advent of a new, engaging president; a poor economy; and soaring health care costs made the time ripe for major health reformboth in 1993 and now in 2009. In 1994, Americans came to associate health care reform with a couple named Harry and Louise who, sitting at the kitchen table, fretted over the hopeless maze of bureaucratic procedures and seeming lack of choice in the Clinton health care plan. But as the current \"Harry and Louise\" television ads demonstrate, the environment has changed. From our vantage points as APSA Congressional Fellowsone working for an influential moderate Democratic senator on a key committee and one working for a rank-and-file moderate Democratic House memberwe describe our view of the attempts to successfully pass health reform in the 111th Congress where similar attempts during the 103rd Congress failed." }, { "paper": "2585946278", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2009", "title": "boom box u s a", "label": [ "93377909", "44394981", "17058734", "188888794" ], "author": [ "2659261137" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Boom Box U.S.A.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1963786818", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2009", "title": "rejoinder to liesbet hooghe and gary marks a postfunctional theory of european integration from permissive consensus to constraining dissensus", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "1946077745" ], "reference": [ "1512917228", "1528419149", "1568781630", "1999096165", "2124252203", "2134304653", "2154805101", "2157968420", "2288881092", "2317657408", "2788677777" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rejoinder to Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks, \u2018A Postfunctional Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus\u2019", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2105173647", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2009", "title": "agrarian tenure institution conflict frames and communitarian identities the case of indigenous southern mexico", "label": [ "158071213", "2777941829", "123108692" ], "author": [ "2109620868" ], "reference": [ "621542428", "630838580", "1485646042", "1512244446", "1521520490", "1551085605", "1678620703", "1854379977", "1983363818", "2005474264", "2021946454", "2026459641", "2034126006", "2035675634", "2036878772", "2057094641", "2058427515", "2063030619", "2064768322", "2071142727", "2101498657", "2108991971", "2118882740", "2121473974", "2130043175", "2132114475", "2138798445", "2140410668", "2151780178", "2152025942", "2159752679", "2302427205", "2328928133", "2478406385", "2490332429" ], "abstract": "drawing on a survey of more than 4 000 respondents this article argues that contrary to claims by the 1994 zapatista insurgency indigenous and nonindigenous respondents in southern mexico have been united more by socioeconomic and land tenure institution variables than by ethnic identity based on statistical models it concludes that in rural southern mexico ethnicity alone is less important in shaping peoples attitudes than whether the dominant land tenure institutions are the communitarian state penetrated ejidos communitarian collective farms of chiapas or the more individualist so called communal lands of oaxaca it concludes by affirming that contrary to many analysts of chiapas s 1994 indigenous rebellion external influences here state established land tenure institutions can trump ideology in framing social movements rural chiapas s prevalent communitarian attitudes seem to have resulted partly from exogenous land tenure institutions ejidos rather than from endogenous indigenous ide", "title_raw": "Agrarian Tenure Institution Conflict Frames, and Communitarian Identities The Case of Indigenous Southern Mexico", "abstract_raw": "Drawing on a survey of more than 4,000 respondents, this article argues that contrary to claims by the 1994 Zapatista insurgency, indigenous and nonindigenous respondents in southern Mexico have been united more by socioeconomic and land tenure institution variables than by ethnic identity. Based on statistical models, it concludes that in rural southern Mexico, ethnicity alone is less important in shaping peoples' attitudes than whether the dominant land tenure institutions are the \u201ccommunitarian\u201d state-penetrated ejidos (communitarian collective farms) of Chiapas or the more \u201cindividualist\u201d so-called communal lands of Oaxaca. It concludes by affirming that\u2014contrary to many analysts of Chiapas's 1994 indigenous rebellion\u2014external influences (here state-established land tenure institutions) can trump ideology in framing social movements. Rural Chiapas's prevalent communitarian attitudes seem to have resulted partly from exogenous land tenure institutions (ejidos) rather than from endogenous indigenous ide..." }, { "paper": "2164683191", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2009", "title": "to midwife and abort a democracy mauritania s transition from military rule 2005 2008", "label": [ "199539241", "555826173", "2781145704", "94625758", "2781046721", "203133693", "169437150", "17058734" ], "author": [ "2495081831" ], "reference": [ "215009209", "580431448", "581769919", "1494775825", "1967624168", "1997891061", "2044640382", "2110380256", "2142783552", "2157740131", "2201315880" ], "abstract": "the 3 august 2005 military coup was mauritania s best opportunity to turn the page on decades of the deposed quasi military regime s destructive politics this article critically analyses relevant aspects of the transition that ensued in the context of the prevailing models of military withdrawal from politics in africa it also examines the challenges that mauritania s short lived third republic faced it argues that the transition process did not escape the well known african military junta leader s proclivity to manipulate transitions to fulfil suddenly awakened self seeking political ambitions in violation of solemn promises while there was no old fashioned ballot stuffing to decide electoral outcomes mauritania s junta leader and his lieutenants spared no effort to keep the military very much involved in politics and to perpetuate a strong sense of entitlement to political power originally designed as an ingenious delayed self succession of sorts in the end another coup aborted mauritania s democratisation process and threw its institutions in a tailspin this only exacerbated the challenges that have saddled mauritania s political system and society for decades unhealthy civil military relations a dismal human rights deficit terrorism and a neo patrimonial disastrously mismanaged economy", "title_raw": "To \u2018midwife\u2019 \u2013 and abort \u2013 a democracy: Mauritania's transition from military rule, 2005\u20132008", "abstract_raw": "The 3 August 2005 military coup was Mauritania's best opportunity to turn the page on decades of the deposed quasi-military regime's destructive politics. This article critically analyses relevant aspects of the transition that ensued in the context of the prevailing models of military withdrawal from politics in Africa. It also examines the challenges that Mauritania's short-lived Third Republic faced. It argues that the transition process did not escape the well-known African military junta leader's proclivity to manipulate transitions to fulfil suddenly awakened self-seeking political ambitions, in violation of solemn promises. While there was no old-fashioned ballot stuffing to decide electoral outcomes, Mauritania's junta leader and his lieutenants spared no effort to keep the military very much involved in politics, and to perpetuate a strong sense of entitlement to political power. Originally designed as an ingenious \u2018delayed self-succession\u2019 of sorts, in the end, another coup aborted Mauritania's democratisation process and threw its institutions in a tailspin. This only exacerbated the challenges that have saddled Mauritania's political system and society for decades \u2013 unhealthy civil-military relations, a dismal \u2018human rights deficit\u2019, terrorism, and a neo-patrimonial, disastrously mismanaged economy." }, { "paper": "2087418684", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2009", "title": "direct democracy and its critics support for direct democracy and stealth democracy in finland", "label": [ "158071213", "501008422", "171368058", "3116431", "555826173", "111439079", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2048588878", "2168894001" ], "reference": [ "764290220", "1480037753", "1515568215", "1576678603", "1603217190", "1971334151", "1999032687", "2004409126", "2010874224", "2030179095", "2034418063", "2058216731", "2059261348", "2130010855", "2137152954", "2148782280", "2151949046", "2152775923", "2164451257", "2165312870", "2304361434", "2417970852", "2479003040", "2497928006" ], "abstract": "in this article support for direct democracy and for stealth democracy in finland is analysed stealth democracy represents a step towards a democracy in which there would be even less citizen involvement than in the representative form of today s democracy the authors found that both options gained significant support among the finnish electorate additionally they found that it is mostly the same variables that contribute to the probability of citizens being supporters of either direct democracy or stealth democracy it is the people with less education who do not know much about politics and who feel that the current system does not respond to citizens needs that want change the direction of change appears to be a matter of secondary interest political ideology affects which of the two options respondents favour right wing citizens are more likely to favour stealth democracy citizens leaning to the left are more interested in direct democracy", "title_raw": "Direct Democracy and its Critics: Support for Direct Democracy and \u2018Stealth\u2019 Democracy in Finland", "abstract_raw": "In this article support for direct democracy and for stealth democracy in Finland is analysed. Stealth democracy represents a step towards a democracy in which there would be even less citizen involvement than in the representative form of today's democracy. The authors found that both options gained significant support among the Finnish electorate. Additionally, they found that it is mostly the same variables that contribute to the probability of citizens being supporters of either direct democracy or stealth democracy. It is the people with less education, who do not know much about politics and who feel that the current system does not respond to citizens' needs, that want change. The direction of change appears to be a matter of secondary interest. Political ideology affects which of the two options respondents favour. Right-wing citizens are more likely to favour stealth democracy. Citizens leaning to the left are more interested in direct democracy." }, { "paper": "3122045155", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2009", "title": "privatizing democracy promoting election integrity through procurement contracts", "label": [ "2775884135", "555826173", "2779777834", "520049643", "2776007630", "2777821203", "2781008272" ], "author": [ "2060939583" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "voting machine failures continue to plague american elections these failures have fueled the growing sense that private machine manufacturers must be held accountable this note argues that because legitimacy externalities and resource disparities across election jurisdictions pose persistent threats to electoral integrity meaningful accountability will require greater federal oversight this oversight must take into account the unique nature of the publicprivate partnership that defines this nation s system of election administration this note thus proposes an amendment to the help america vote act of 2002 which would condition federal funds on state procurement contracts these procurement contracts would mandate performance based requirements for vendors to supply the means with which to verify votes cast such contracts should not only have third party beneficiary enforcement mechanisms but also override the doctrine of trade secrecy invoked by manufacturers to prevent software disclosure author yale law school j d 2008 oxford university m phil 2004 yale college b a 2002 i am grateful to michael kang anne o hagen karl nicholas parrillo richard posner susan rose ackerman and dan tokaji for their thoughtful comments special thanks to heather gerken for inspiration and to jerry mashaw for his many insights 744 nou 793 doc 2 12 2009 11 15 40 am privatizing democracy", "title_raw": "Privatizing Democracy: Promoting Election Integrity through Procurement Contracts", "abstract_raw": "Voting machine failures continue to plague American elections. These failures have fueled the growing sense that private machine manufacturers must be held accountable. This Note argues that, because legitimacy externalities and resource disparities across election jurisdictions pose persistent threats to electoral integrity, meaningful accountability will require greater federal oversight. This oversight must take into account the unique nature of the publicprivate partnership that defines this nation\u2019s system of election administration. This Note thus proposes an amendment to the Help America Vote Act of 2002, which would condition federal funds on state procurement contracts. These procurement contracts would mandate performance-based requirements for vendors to supply the means with which to verify votes cast. Such contracts should not only have third-party beneficiary enforcement mechanisms, but also override the doctrine of trade secrecy invoked by manufacturers to prevent software disclosure. author. Yale Law School, J.D. 2008; Oxford University, M.Phil. 2004; Yale College, B.A. 2002. I am grateful to Michael Kang, Anne O\u2019Hagen Karl, Nicholas Parrillo, Richard Posner, Susan Rose-Ackerman, and Dan Tokaji for their thoughtful comments. Special thanks to Heather Gerken for inspiration and to Jerry Mashaw for his many insights. 744_NOU_793.DOC 2/12/2009 11:15:40 AM privatizing democracy" }, { "paper": "2114178827", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2009", "title": "eric a posner the perils of global legalism", "label": [ "199539241", "2778634595" ], "author": [ "124754557" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Eric A. Posner. The Perils of Global Legalism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2050831398", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2009", "title": "the italian election of april 2008 a political earthquake", "label": [ "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2302691401" ], "reference": [ "1980989908", "2092643957", "3148786482" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Italian Election of April 2008: A Political Earthquake?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2737640886", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2009", "title": "the hidden injuries of workthe craftsman by sennettrichard new haven ct yale university press 2008 326 pp 27 50 cloth isbn 9780300119091 the culture of the new capitalism by sennettrichard new haven ct yale university press 2006 214 pp 15 00 paper isbn 9780300119923", "label": [ "206836424", "514928085" ], "author": [ "2511229840" ], "reference": [ "2032266422", "2040605308", "2065434749", "2082323131", "2097538208", "2155960096", "2168535222", "2797753293" ], "abstract": "which date back to the soviet and pre soviet periods without examining the extent to which these practices themselves have been transformed or even obliterated by novel institutional arrangements despite the weaknesses listed above the analyses put forward in each of the books under review are insightful and significant and i strongly recommend them to students of social change in post communist societies", "title_raw": "The Hidden Injuries of WorkThe Craftsman, by SennettRichard. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008. 326 pp. $27.50 cloth. ISBN: 9780300119091.The Culture of the New Capitalism, by SennettRichard. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006. 214 pp. $15.00 paper. ISBN: 9780300119923.", "abstract_raw": "which date back to the Soviet and pre-Soviet periods without examining the extent to which these practices themselves have been transformed or even obliterated by novel institutional arrangements. Despite the weaknesses listed above, the analyses put forward in each of the books under review are insightful and significant, and I strongly recommend them to students of social change in post-communist societies." }, { "paper": "3123179519", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2009", "title": "how the millennium development goals are unfair to africa", "label": [ "189326681", "2781089502", "2776398702", "2779503283" ], "author": [ "2031589502" ], "reference": [ "1497731903", "1504166508", "1817110548", "2027387217", "2054315104", "2111340337", "2118919361", "2164306008", "2169191825", "2338886016", "2490037779", "3125911196", "3129036373", "3143269717" ], "abstract": "summary those involved in the millennium development goal mdg campaign routinely state africa will miss all the mdgs this paper argues that a series of arbitrary choices made in defining success or failure as achieving numerical targets for the mdgs made attainment of the mdgs less likely in africa than in other regions even when its progress was in line with or above historical or contemporary experience of other regions the statement that africa will miss all the mdgs thus has the unfortunate effect of making african successes look like failures", "title_raw": "How the Millennium Development Goals are Unfair to Africa", "abstract_raw": "Summary Those involved in the millennium development goal (MDG) campaign routinely state \u201cAfrica will miss all the MDGs.\u201d This paper argues that a series of arbitrary choices made in defining \u201csuccess\u201d or \u201cfailure\u201d as achieving numerical targets for the MDGs made attainment of the MDGs less likely in Africa than in other regions even when its progress was in line with or above historical or contemporary experience of other regions. The statement that \u201cAfrica will miss all the MDGs\u201d thus has the unfortunate effect of making African successes look like failures." }, { "paper": "2128168968", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2009", "title": "power without influence the bush administration s foreign policy failure in the middle east", "label": [ "2779423641", "203133693", "2776742560", "93377909", "17058734", "528167355", "2775884135", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2103188854" ], "reference": [ "27363585", "35649012", "85560447", "101746174", "110275460", "169432088", "325000501", "603261789", "619520341", "633682018", "652623277", "1133529992", "1487024384", "1487137455", "1498842964", "1503287266", "1508764024", "1514748175", "1533369859", "1557116878", "1567322620", "1570880975", "1580041041", "1586209842", "1845052389", "1873404098", "1967121716", "1986640371", "1993168403", "2004778817", "2030019874", "2038249903", "2044768423", "2051969964", "2057423554", "2063008596", "2068323210", "2068983527", "2069889541", "2078042453", "2085252829", "2090822033", "2096031405", "2099560796", "2101448130", "2109312871", "2114548399", "2114871756", "2118139362", "2127955909", "2135183939", "2135311804", "2136874817", "2146665428", "2162921503", "2163218729", "2166749687", "2566533505", "2738488470", "2798405746", "2798878240", "2801929602", "2802938141" ], "abstract": "the administration of president george w bush was deeply involved in the middle east but its efforts did not advance u s national security in the realms of counterterrorism democracy promotion and nonconventional proliferation the bush administration failed to achieve its objectives although the united states did not suffer a second direct attack after september 11 2001 the terrorism situation worsened as many other countries came under attack and a new generation of terrorists trained in iraq large regional powers such as egypt and saudi arabia did not become more democratic with no new leaders subject to popular mandate the model used in iraq of democratization by military force is risky costly and not replicable bush s policy exacerbated the problem of nuclear proliferation expending tremendous resources on a nonexistent program in iraq while bolstering iran s geopolitical position the administration failed because it relied too heavily on military force and too little on diplomacy d", "title_raw": "Power without Influence: The Bush Administration's Foreign Policy Failure in the Middle East", "abstract_raw": "The administration of President George W. Bush was deeply involved in the Middle East, but its efforts did not advance U.S. national security. In the realms of counterterrorism, democracy promotion, and nonconventional proliferation, the Bush administration failed to achieve its objectives. Although the United States did not suffer a second direct attack after September 11, 2001, the terrorism situation worsened as many other countries came under attack and a new generation of terrorists trained in Iraq. Large regional powers such as Egypt and Saudi Arabia did not become more democratic, with no new leaders subject to popular mandate. The model used in Iraq of democratization by military force is risky, costly, and not replicable. Bush's policy exacerbated the problem of nuclear proliferation, expending tremendous resources on a nonexistent program in Iraq while bolstering Iran's geopolitical position. The administration failed because it relied too heavily on military force and too little on diplomacy, d..." }, { "paper": "1853055407", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2009", "title": "charles m vest the american research university from world war ii to world wide web governments the private sector and the emerging meta university", "label": [ "3116431", "121426985", "120912362", "137355542" ], "author": [ "2143425110" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Charles M. Vest: The American Research University from World War II to World Wide Web: Governments, the Private Sector, and the Emerging Meta-University", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2281051997", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2009", "title": "president obama calls for nuclear weapons free world new strategic arms reduction treaty senate approval of ctbt and strengthened anti proliferation efforts", "label": [ "199539241", "194110935", "2779010840" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "President Obama Calls for Nuclear-Weapons-Free World, New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, Senate Approval of CTBT, and Strengthened Anti-proliferation Efforts", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2736434739", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2009", "title": "democracy s dharma religious renaissance and political development in taiwandemocracy s dharma religious renaissance and political development in taiwan by madsenrichard berkeley ca university of california press 2007 218 pp 21 95 paper isbn 9780520252288", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2984381402" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democracy's Dharma: Religious Renaissance and Political Development in TaiwanDemocracy's Dharma: Religious Renaissance and Political Development in Taiwan, by MadsenRichard. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2007. 218 pp. $21.95 paper. ISBN: 9780520252288.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2076197017", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2009", "title": "late lustration programmes in romania and poland supporting or undermining democratic transitions", "label": [ "121426985", "94625758", "2777825026", "2780233690", "199539241", "2779111050", "2779621654", "2778143008", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2103169295" ], "reference": [ "8581112", "47896892", "591789840", "1260986005", "1506629838", "1533369859", "1605578388", "1979194984", "1988749031", "1990528572", "2002164673", "2040531874", "2043060910", "2045788826", "2046231142", "2047035725", "2053424174", "2064429849", "2083946786", "2084271045", "2087632991", "2089559945", "2129686197", "2144424234", "2152185850", "2153421346", "2157765985", "2594220595", "2734646883", "2795638956", "2809131686" ], "abstract": "in 2006 poland and romania embarked on renewed lustration programmes these late lustration policies expanded the scope and transparency measures associated with lustration as a form of transitional justice while early lustration measures targeted political elites late lustration policies include public and private sector positions such as journalists academics business leaders and others in positions of public trust given the legal controversy and moral complexity surrounding lustration why lustrate so late in the post communist transition and why expand the policies the dominant explanation is that lustration is a tool of party politics and is a threat to democratic consolidation however the late lustration programmes do not fit this hypothesis neatly the new laws have been restructured and packaged with other reform programmes specifically anticorruption programmes late lustration has evolved to include economic and social as well as political concerns as such some post communist go", "title_raw": "Late lustration programmes in Romania and Poland: supporting or undermining democratic transitions?", "abstract_raw": "In 2006, Poland and Romania embarked on renewed lustration programmes. These late lustration policies expanded the scope and transparency measures associated with lustration as a form of transitional justice. While early lustration measures targeted political elites, late lustration policies include public and private sector positions, such as journalists, academics, business leaders, and others in \u2018positions of public trust\u2019. Given the legal controversy and moral complexity surrounding lustration, why lustrate so late in the post-communist transition and why expand the policies? The dominant explanation is that lustration is a tool of party politics and is a threat to democratic consolidation. However, the late lustration programmes do not fit this hypothesis neatly. The new laws have been restructured and packaged with other reform programmes, specifically anticorruption programmes. Late lustration has evolved to include economic and social, as well as political concerns. As such, some post-communist go..." }, { "paper": "2748521399", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2009", "title": "nautical tourism concepts and issues m luck ed cognizant communication corporation new york 2007 i xiii p 147 pbk isbn 1 882345 50 9", "label": [ "2778348171", "18918823" ], "author": [ "2622157604" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Nautical Tourism: Concepts and Issues, M. L\u00fcck (Ed.). Cognizant Communication Corporation, New York (2007), I\u2013XIII, p. 147, (pbk), ISBN: 1-882345-50-9", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1997762224", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2009", "title": "a rare examination of typically unobservable factors in us asylum decisions", "label": [ "173145845", "2779101040", "158129432", "70036468", "199539241", "55447825" ], "author": [ "2154696431", "2157764625" ], "reference": [ "71465545", "133102536", "228321106", "251185691", "573380382", "1594345357", "2036222902", "2062227939", "2062539763", "2064201228", "2079041720", "2097391516", "2123924037", "2141499378", "2141615425", "2162305448", "2326456732", "2465425918", "2503057661", "3121345302", "3123927179" ], "abstract": "the united states has obligations under international law and us statutory law to adhere to the legal principle of nonrefoulement to consider asylum claims under these laws a person who qualifies as a refugee may be eligible for asylum and may avoid being deported to his or her country of origin if the applicant meets specific legal requirements because of congressional limitations to asylum case information few studies have used individual level data and none have been able to include evidentiary factors or applicant characteristics using an original database of asylum applicants from a dallas texas based ngo we examine individual case and country factors to explore factors that affect the likelihood of receiving asylum in the immigration system in 1998 2005", "title_raw": "A Rare Examination of Typically Unobservable Factors in US Asylum Decisions", "abstract_raw": "The United States has obligations under international law and US statutory law to adhere to the legal principle of nonrefoulement to consider asylum claims. Under these laws, a person who qualifies as a refugee may be eligible for asylum and may avoid being deported to his or her country of origin if the applicant meets specific legal requirements. Because of congressional limitations to asylum case information, few studies have used individual level data and none have been able to include evidentiary factors or applicant characteristics. Using an original database of asylum applicants from a Dallas, Texas based NGO we examine individual, case and country factors to explore factors that affect the likelihood of receiving asylum in the immigration system in 1998\u20132005." }, { "paper": "2074541611", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2009", "title": "kirchheimer italian style catch all parties or catch all blocs", "label": [ "502581569", "199539241", "94625758", "2780512353" ], "author": [ "1888074534" ], "reference": [ "1411403669", "1978108294", "1982416248", "1993116066", "2012951041", "2022653654", "2035477018", "2046376795", "2047368495", "2058881642", "2067006888", "2088419116", "2095553973", "2098786897", "2109642671", "2115830448", "2153879857", "2312956383", "2479033424", "2487130496", "2492833342", "2494503572", "2501237623" ], "abstract": "in this article i use the italian case to demonstrate that kirchheimer s catch all thesis can be applied in various ways unlike parties in many european nations italian parties did not undergo a catch all transformation in the post war period however after the parties and party system were dramatically reformed in the 1990s some catch all characteristics with clarifications in italy are in evidence specifically an important distinction needs to be made between what kirchheimer called a catch all party and what we may refer to as a catch all bloc the catch all party is a single party that aims to capture as much of the vote as it can oftentimes by converging its policy preferences on the centre political space the catch all bloc is a group of individual parties catch all or not that agrees in advance to collaborate and behaves collectively as a catch all party this important distinction helps us understand changes in the italian party system over time and shows that kirchheimer s i", "title_raw": "Kirchheimer Italian Style: Catch-All Parties or Catch-All Blocs", "abstract_raw": "In this article, I use the Italian case to demonstrate that Kirchheimer\u2019s catch-all thesis can be applied in various ways. Unlike parties in many European nations, Italian parties did not undergo a catch-all transformation in the post-war period. However, after the parties and party system were dramatically reformed in the 1990s, some catch-all characteristics \u2014 with clarifications \u2014 in Italy are in evidence. Specifically, an important distinction needs to be made between what Kirchheimer called a \u2018catch-all party\u2019 and what we may refer to as a \u2018catch-all bloc\u2019. The catch-all party is a single party that aims to capture as much of the vote as it can, oftentimes by converging its policy preferences on the centre political space. The catch-all bloc is a group of individual parties, catch-all or not, that agrees in advance to collaborate, and behaves, collectively, as a catch-all party. This important distinction helps us understand changes in the Italian party system over time and shows that Kirchheimer\u2019s i..." }, { "paper": "2576401779", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2009", "title": "to be an immigrant", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "2341887849" ], "reference": [ "565646749", "630718402", "1970594590" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "To Be an Immigrant", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2012547142", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2009", "title": "what does south africa s new cabinet mean for science", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2166566989" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "What does South Africa's new cabinet mean for science?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2321758407", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2009", "title": "overtime activists take on corporate titans toyota mcdonald s and japan s work hour controversy", "label": [ "2780407378", "2777351106", "123108692" ], "author": [ "2623506490", "2664217457" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "japan s long work hours generate high human and economic costs even between 2002 and 2008 when japan enjoyed a growing economy the media regularly reported cases of workers felled by strokes and heart attacks or driven to depression or suicide by unrelenting job demands work hours are a major impediment to equal opportunity since working mothers cannot devote the long hours expected of professional employees and so must opt for low paying low status jobs family life is affected because many younger persons postpone or abandon hopes of marriage and children as they sacrifi ce personal lives to stay employed further while long work hours and kar overwork are common in many countries notably the us and britain in japan kar shi death from overwork has been offi cially recognized as a medico legal phenomenon for two decades and has spawned a social movement to combat it 1 japan s employers and conservative policymakers have long held that the country s pattern of incremental and consensual policy making is effective in improving employment conditions while avoiding the economic rigidities of western nations the result since the 1950s has been labour legislation that consistently lags behind labour market trends or seeks merely to defuse complaints from trade partners that poor labour standards constitute unfair trade practices 2 work hour related policy making closely matches this pattern long work hours have provoked consistent attempts at reform since the late 1960s and reformers made several signifi cant revisions to labour laws between 1987 and 1993 but failed to signifi cantly affect actual practice while many large manufacturing fi rms did reduce work hours around this", "title_raw": "Overtime Activists Take on Corporate Titans: Toyota, McDonald's and Japan's Work Hour Controversy", "abstract_raw": "Japan\u2019s long work hours generate high human and economic costs. Even between 2002 and 2008, when Japan enjoyed a growing economy, the media regularly reported cases of workers felled by strokes and heart attacks or driven to depression or suicide by unrelenting job demands. Work hours are a major impediment to equal opportunity, since working mothers cannot devote the long hours expected of professional employees and so must opt for low-paying, low-status jobs. Family life is affected because many younger persons postpone or abandon hopes of marriage and children as they sacrifi ce personal lives to stay employed. Further, while long work hours and kar\u014d (overwork) are common in many countries, notably the US and Britain, in Japan kar\u014dshi (death from overwork) has been offi cially recognized as a medico-legal phenomenon for two decades, and has spawned a social movement to combat it.1 Japan\u2019s employers and conservative policymakers have long held that the country\u2019s pattern of incremental and consensual policy making is effective in improving employment conditions, while avoiding the economic rigidities of Western nations. The result since the 1950s has been labour legislation that consistently lags behind labour market trends, or seeks merely to defuse complaints from trade partners that poor labour standards constitute unfair trade practices.2 Work-hour-related policy making closely matches this pattern: long work hours have provoked consistent attempts at reform since the late 1960s, and reformers made several signifi cant revisions to labour laws between 1987 and 1993, but failed to signifi cantly affect actual practice. While many large manufacturing fi rms did reduce work hours around this" }, { "paper": "2028054102", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2009", "title": "european union and new regionalism regional actors and global governance in a post hegemonic era edited by m telo", "label": [ "549326192", "189261614", "135121143", "2776310101" ], "author": [ "2558832440" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "European Union and New Regionalism: Regional Actors and Global Governance in a Post\u2010Hegemonic Era \u2013 Edited by M. Tel\u00f2", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1989034397", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2009", "title": "the american voter s british cousin", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758", "177324205", "2779879524" ], "author": [ "2162694921", "2908761426", "2148641778", "1928218366" ], "reference": [ "124108810", "199238147", "577661416", "594246993", "1519435787", "1521718123", "1526813172", "1533726682", "1534757324", "1543446303", "1565692239", "1577954649", "1604544535", "1604910017", "1632701906", "1692053227", "1977825494", "1978072519", "2009435671", "2017184608", "2021291089", "2023543205", "2023543516", "2032892971", "2044961916", "2060940921", "2083275139", "2109371943", "2115074743", "2148480087", "2169935631", "2171638868", "2246241526", "2319073104", "2329648039", "2796863638" ], "abstract": "abstract it is now nearly a half century since the publication of the american voter greeted with wide acclaim the book quickly exercised enormous influence not only in the united states but in many other countries as well one of those countries was great britain where the british election study bes closely modeled on the american national election study anes was initiated in 1964 in this paper we present selected findings from two recent books political choice in britain 2004 and performance politics and the british voter 2009 that describe what the bes data collection tells us about forces affecting british voting behavior a valence politics model featuring valence not position issues party leader images and flexible partisan attachments has powerful explanatory power the model also works well in the united states thereby warranting the inference that the american voter s british cousin is a close relative", "title_raw": "The American voter's British cousin", "abstract_raw": "Abstract It is now nearly a half century since the publication of The American Voter . Greeted with wide acclaim, the book quickly exercised enormous influence, not only in the United States, but in many other countries as well. One of those countries was Great Britain where the British Election Study (BES) closely modeled on the American National Election Study (ANES) was initiated in 1964. In this paper we present selected findings from two recent books, Political Choice in Britain (2004) and Performance Politics and the British Voter (2009) that describe what the BES data collection tells us about forces affecting British voting behavior. A valence politics model featuring valence (not position) issues, party leader images, and flexible partisan attachments has powerful explanatory power. The model also works well in the United States, thereby warranting the inference that the American voter's British cousin is a close relative." }, { "paper": "2095590120", "venue": "49968029", "year": "2009", "title": "front and center sexual violence in u s military law", "label": [ "199539241", "2777996642", "2778757428", "102587632", "527571333", "2775946814", "53813258" ], "author": [ "2118125949" ], "reference": [ "1043779748", "1515702811", "1580840089", "2043680769", "2077293886" ], "abstract": "military on military sexual violence the type of sexual violence that most directly disrupts operations harms personnel and undermines recruiting occurs with astonishing frequency the u s military has responded with a campaign to prevent and punish military on military sex crimes this campaign however has made little progress partly because of u s military law a special realm of criminal justice dominated by legal precedents involving sexual violence and racialized images by promulgating images and narratives of sexual exploitation violent sexuality and female subordination the military justice system has helped to sustain a legal culture that reifies the connection between sexual violence and authentic soldiering", "title_raw": "Front and Center: Sexual Violence in U.S. Military Law:", "abstract_raw": "Military-on-military sexual violence\u2014the type of sexual violence that most directly disrupts operations, harms personnel, and undermines recruiting\u2014occurs with astonishing frequency. The U.S. military has responded with a campaign to prevent and punish military-on-military sex crimes. This campaign, however, has made little progress, partly because of U.S. military law, a special realm of criminal justice dominated by legal precedents involving sexual violence and racialized images. By promulgating images and narratives of sexual exploitation, violent sexuality, and female subordination, the military justice system has helped to sustain a legal culture that reifies the connection between sexual violence and authentic soldiering." }, { "paper": "2323184657", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2009", "title": "bending the rules institutional analysis political change and labor market reform in advanced industrial societies", "label": [ "94625758", "2778847159", "2776503585", "2779707719", "2778061430", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2142745626" ], "reference": [ "1529223067", "1569410165", "1976212636", "2096873788", "2112663818", "2801958043" ], "abstract": "since the late 1970s the study of institutions has become central to scholarship on com parative politics and political economy at that time the emergence of the so called new institutionalism marked a watershed in the literature establishing the now accepted insight that institutional configurations structure politics and policy trajectories in na tionally distinctive ways 1 this new agenda represented two important advances relative to existing approaches to the study of politics first it provided correctives to the be havioralist tradition dominant during the 1950s and 1960s which viewed political phe nomena as the aggregate consequences of behavior comprehensible at the individual or group level and tended to divorce politics from historical context 2 second it repre sented a significant advance over the so called old institutionalism which generally viewed political life as governed by formal constitutionally based distributions of authority beginning in the 1970s a number of innovative scholars began to depart from this static formal approach placing greater emphasis upon informal power rela tions and actors responses to a distinct pattern of constraints and incentives repre sented by the institutional universe in which they operate 3 by treating institutions as endogenous to political order as complex components of a dynamic political universe new institutionalists allowed greater analytical space for informal bargaining dynamics within formal institutional constellations they saw in stitutions as the formal rules compliance procedures and standard operating practices that structure the relationship between individuals and various units of the polity and the economy rather than as fixed manifestations of social and economic structures with mechanistic effects on politics 4 for scholars such as stephen skowronek james march johan olsen and kathleen thelen institutions were not mere manifestations of underlying social relationships or fossils of an original remote social contract 5 instead they were complex multilayered organizational frameworks that governed the dy namics of politics and actors responses to an enduring set of constraints and incentives new institutionalists thus had effectively replaced the sticks and strings of the old in stitutionalist universe with a set of magnets an array of forces that guided but did not control the dynamics of political order", "title_raw": "Bending the Rules: Institutional Analysis, Political Change, and Labor Market Reform in Advanced Industrial Societies", "abstract_raw": "Since the late 1970s, the study of institutions has become central to scholarship on com parative politics and political economy. At that time, the emergence of the so-called new institutionalism marked a watershed in the literature, establishing the now-accepted insight that institutional configurations structure politics and policy trajectories in na tionally distinctive ways.1 This new agenda represented two important advances relative to existing approaches to the study of politics. First, it provided correctives to the be havioralist tradition, dominant during the 1950s and 1960s, which viewed political phe nomena as \"the aggregate consequences of behavior comprehensible at the individual or group level\" and tended to divorce politics from historical context.2 Second, it repre sented a significant advance over the so-called old institutionalism, which generally viewed political life as governed by formal, constitutionally based distributions of authority. Beginning in the 1970s, a number of innovative scholars began to depart from this static, formal approach, placing greater emphasis upon informal power rela tions and actors' responses to a \"distinct pattern of constraints and incentives\" repre sented by the institutional universe in which they operate.3 By treating institutions as endogenous to political order, as complex components of a dynamic political universe, new institutionalists allowed greater analytical space for informal bargaining dynamics within formal institutional constellations. They saw in stitutions as the \"formal rules, compliance procedures, and standard operating practices that structure the relationship between individuals and various units of the polity and the economy,\" rather than as fixed manifestations of social and economic structures with mechanistic effects on politics.4 For scholars such as Stephen Skowronek, James March, Johan Olsen, and Kathleen Thelen, institutions were not mere manifestations of underlying social relationships or fossils of an original, remote social contract.5 Instead, they were complex, multilayered organizational frameworks that governed the dy namics of politics and actors' responses to an enduring set of constraints and incentives. New institutionalists thus had effectively replaced the sticks and strings of the old in stitutionalist universe with a set of magnets, an array of forces that guided but did not control the dynamics of political order." }, { "paper": "1969002930", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2009", "title": "britain sets up defence advisory group", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "555318903" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Britain sets up defence advisory group.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122013505", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2009", "title": "the unfulfilled potential of the court and legislature dialogue", "label": [ "2778061430", "2776154427", "199539241", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2032900301" ], "reference": [ "24504827", "119147662", "222564579", "562295724", "571236754", "577066398", "620920819", "640137686", "958324130", "1034540530", "1539274691", "1544424671", "1560422207", "1574390379", "1584645012", "1592506311", "1888161112", "1897879740", "1974686676", "2003298308", "2047722541", "2059313412", "2059927927", "2060498353", "2082422522", "2112800710", "2122165510", "2125760001", "2142108321", "2168441344", "2268329086", "2271865752", "2315590435", "2321188337", "2321407467", "2331802041", "2625410986", "2797213284", "2951849717", "3121292853", "3122247257", "3122365834", "3123686288", "3124270943", "3124821802", "3125737388" ], "abstract": "constitutional scholarship has been exploring the idea that the court and the legislature engage in a dialogue over the meaning of the constitution yet despite many contributions to the idea of dialogue over the last decade its potential remains unfulfilled the epistemological potential of dialogue remains understudied in part because the court continues to be viewed as the supreme if not also the sole expounder of the constitution for dialogue s potential to be realized the legislature should be acknowledged as a co ordinate actor in expounding constitutional meaning and both court and legislature should assume a disposition for dialogue", "title_raw": "The Unfulfilled Potential of the Court and Legislature Dialogue", "abstract_raw": "Constitutional scholarship has been exploring the idea that the court and the legislature engage in a dialogue over the meaning of the constitution. Yet, despite many contributions to the idea of dialogue over the last decade, its potential remains unfulfilled. The epistemological potential of dialogue remains understudied, in part because the court continues to be viewed as the supreme, if not also the sole, expounder of the constitution. For dialogue's potential to be realized, the legislature should be acknowledged as a co-ordinate actor in expounding constitutional meaning and both court and legislature should assume a disposition for dialogue." }, { "paper": "2144818841", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2009", "title": "science journalism supplanting the old media", "label": [ "2777301405", "2779940166" ], "author": [ "555318903" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "science journalism is in decline science blogging is growing fast but can the one replace the other asks geoff brumfiel", "title_raw": "Science journalism: Supplanting the old media?", "abstract_raw": "Science journalism is in decline; science blogging is growing fast. But can the one replace the other, asks Geoff Brumfiel." }, { "paper": "2160702389", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2009", "title": "who loses in american democracy a count of votes demonstrates the limited representation of african americans", "label": [ "555826173", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "1415487774" ], "reference": [ "5159932", "73575068", "199238147", "357101791", "405750931", "573370468", "591524452", "614483135", "614917022", "628851628", "632995055", "638478970", "659554524", "1278317338", "1509161467", "1513978133", "1520329473", "1521984901", "1567655187", "1703605101", "1972907137", "1975356268", "1977825494", "1978321348", "1986020184", "1986713131", "1987831958", "1988989142", "1989189703", "1992528902", "1992761265", "1996247850", "1997664918", "2003867873", "2005598086", "2010229138", "2012728340", "2012816589", "2016613131", "2020917353", "2023543205", "2026221142", "2029874830", "2030391031", "2030398623", "2031272337", "2031340404", "2034060762", "2037572137", "2037927976", "2038806377", "2052977165", "2054093752", "2060425764", "2064462407", "2069468135", "2073144276", "2074015101", "2077469421", "2078646629", "2097062607", "2097499687", "2099591296", "2099805612", "2102617859", "2106529514", "2112987370", "2115682073", "2117021548", "2134739834", "2136739130", "2139459315", "2139998835", "2148019667", "2149257645", "2149833781", "2151949046", "2157103410", "2159104104", "2161942246", "2162845046", "2171944011", "2322188288", "2323025989", "2323339254", "2323421821", "2324686384", "2327367102", "2328190215", "2331670567", "2331895670", "2333138248", "2334305800", "2334326905", "2491654761", "2792734465", "2891514890", "3125554979", "3138417305", "3142226122" ], "abstract": "critics have long feared that america s winner take all electoral system would undermine the interests of minorities unfortunately few available tests broadly assess how well minorities fare in a democracy to gauge winners and losers in the american case i introduce a new measure of representation for any election i count up how many voters from each demographic group vote for a candidate that loses after comparing this new measure to its alternatives i use data from the entire series of voter news service exit polls and a sample of mayoral elections to determine which kinds of voters end up losers i find that across the range of american elections african americans are consistently more likely than other groups to end up losers raising questions about equity in american democracy the one exception to the pattern of black failure congressional house elections suggests ways to better incorporate minority interests", "title_raw": "Who Loses in American Democracy? A Count of Votes Demonstrates the Limited Representation of African Americans", "abstract_raw": "Critics have long feared that America's winner-take-all electoral system would undermine the interests of minorities. Unfortunately, few available tests broadly assess how well minorities fare in a democracy. To gauge winners and losers in the American case, I introduce a new measure of representation. For any election, I count up how many voters from each demographic group vote for a candidate that loses. After comparing this new measure to its alternatives, I use data from the entire series of Voter News Service exit polls and a sample of mayoral elections to determine which kinds of voters end up losers. I find that across the range of American elections, African Americans are consistently more likely than other groups to end up losers, raising questions about equity in American democracy. The one exception to the pattern of black failure\u2014congressional House elections\u2014suggests ways to better incorporate minority interests." }, { "paper": "2024369920", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2009", "title": "the unravelling of the cold war settlement", "label": [ "2779354276", "199539241", "2776742560", "2777483011", "2780208285", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2070029332", "388389287" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "twenty years ago as the cold war was being ushered to a close american and russian leaders crafted a settlement with principles and arrangements intended to constitute a great power peace as well as to extend the liberal international order today the promise these arrangements once held now seems distant for both sides relations are now marked by a sense of grievance disappointment and dashed expectations the new administration of president barack obama sees the repair of the relationship with russia as a major foreign policy objective and is ambitiously attempting to reset it and place it on a more positive footing already this new policy has provoked a chorus of condemnation that the united states is appeasing russia and sacrificing both its national interests and the interests of democratic allies in eastern europe and the former soviet region in reality the obama policy is a move toward recovering some of america s most successful foreign policy approaches that reached a zenith at the end", "title_raw": "The Unravelling of the Cold War Settlement", "abstract_raw": "Twenty years ago, as the Cold War was being ushered to a close, American and Russian leaders crafted a settlement with principles and arrangements intended to constitute a great-power peace as well as to extend the liberal international order. Today, the promise these arrangements once held now seems distant. For both sides, relations are now marked by a sense of grievance, disappointment and dashed expectations. The new administration of President Barack Obama sees the repair of the relationship with Russia as a major foreign-policy objective, and is ambitiously attempting to reset it and place it on a more positive footing. Already this new policy has provoked a chorus of condemnation that the United States is appeasing Russia and sacrificing both its national interests and the interests of democratic allies in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet region. In reality, the Obama policy is a move toward recovering some of America's most successful foreign-policy approaches that reached a zenith at the end ..." }, { "paper": "2043684216", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2009", "title": "growth centrism and semi presidentialism forecasting the portuguese general elections", "label": [ "555826173", "59742305", "197487636", "94625758", "2776515129" ], "author": [ "2117827632", "1392442240" ], "reference": [ "43259279", "435749407", "589940874", "611644800", "639141734", "1530667089", "1548344054", "1563671767", "1574203027", "1576618383", "1585877712", "1925504877", "1968236496", "1970135940", "1988407623", "1999263657", "2004777293", "2010667253", "2017793248", "2028923182", "2030172216", "2034913681", "2035197674", "2036440095", "2040240558", "2061145897", "2067519854", "2074806430", "2079067384", "2079075586", "2091689240", "2091719083", "2094678909", "2097908050", "2109719716", "2116664031", "2117850560", "2130787695", "2131576797", "2133545771", "2139109518", "2152550006", "2161945764", "2165684671", "2170443865", "2241513631", "2275076435", "2310195013", "2329103711", "2334789444", "2471307330", "2476868525", "2488154827", "2497612783", "2502708307", "2626128808", "2797021786", "3121211260", "3122525496", "3123326150", "3123686119", "3123693284", "3124227879", "3124620720", "3124887022", "3125876875" ], "abstract": "abstract electoral behaviour in recently established democracies has been more frequently treated from the point of view of its unpredictability volatility and personalistic elements than that of its fundamentals in this paper we wish to contribute to redress this imbalance by advancing a forecasting model for general elections in a young democracy portugal building on the very familiar notion that the vote for the incumbent can be predicted on the basis of economics and politics we capture economics through a non linear specification of economic growth furthermore we include two structural features of portuguese politics which have entailed a systematic electoral punishment for the centre left socialist party as the incumbent and for all incumbents involved in political conflicts with the elected president in portugal s semi presidentialism", "title_raw": "Growth, centrism and semi-presidentialism: Forecasting the Portuguese general elections", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Electoral behaviour in recently established democracies has been more frequently treated from the point of view of its unpredictability, volatility and personalistic elements than that of its \u201cfundamentals\u201d. In this paper, we wish to contribute to redress this imbalance by advancing a forecasting model for general elections in a young democracy, Portugal. Building on the very familiar notion that the vote for the incumbent can be predicted on the basis of \u201ceconomics\u201d and \u201cpolitics\u201d, we capture \u201ceconomics\u201d through a non-linear specification of economic growth. Furthermore, we include two structural features of Portuguese politics, which have entailed a systematic electoral punishment for the centre\u2013left Socialist Party as the incumbent and for all incumbents involved in political conflicts with the elected president in Portugal's semi-presidentialism." }, { "paper": "2111706342", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2009", "title": "consociationalism and its critics evidence from the historic northern ireland assembly election 2007", "label": [ "137403100", "189464175", "2776689000" ], "author": [ "2149867324" ], "reference": [ "176345642", "263287141", "369555115", "397520813", "589940874", "1480060382", "1501628936", "1563092495", "1818883514", "1967609428", "1968837954", "1977825494", "1989795806", "2022719490", "2028377011", "2032432258", "2041519855", "2046126579", "2057238339", "2061824124", "2085598589", "2087423184", "2094230089", "2115982293", "2120237003", "2121529962", "2129999638", "2141026330", "2145186724", "2150614739", "2155734255", "2161192477", "2163827136", "2164793276", "2236002567", "2264220788", "2324440273", "2346331995", "2482611957", "2504973317", "2536465738", "2743342013" ], "abstract": "critics of consociational power sharing institutional arrangements in deeply divided societies argue that such arrangements solidify the underlying conflict cleavage and render it all important for party competition and voter behaviour i find evidence to the contrary in the case of voter behaviour at the historic 2007 assembly election in northern ireland at least in the unionist bloc i find the effective disappearance of the ethno national conflict cleavage as a determinant of voter choice this suggests that consociational arrangements have led to both inclusion and moderation rather than polarisation and ethnic outbidding", "title_raw": "Consociationalism and its critics: Evidence from the historic Northern Ireland Assembly election 2007", "abstract_raw": "Critics of consociational power-sharing institutional arrangements in deeply divided societies argue that such arrangements solidify the underlying conflict cleavage and render it all-important for party competition and voter behaviour. I find evidence to the contrary in the case of voter behaviour at the historic 2007 Assembly election in Northern Ireland. At least in the unionist bloc, I find the effective disappearance of the ethno-national conflict cleavage as a determinant of voter choice. This suggests that consociational arrangements have led to both inclusion and moderation, rather than polarisation and \u2018ethnic outbidding\u2019." }, { "paper": "2506325438", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2009", "title": "rice and anderson respond using the constitution to improve prisoner health authors reply", "label": [ "2776154427", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2152906205", "2102248864", "2713669465", "2000523385", "697193418", "1946232469" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "RICE AND ANDERSON RESPOND USING THE CONSTITUTION TO IMPROVE PRISONER HEALTH. Authors' reply", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2037812011", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "europe reconsiders h1n1 flu shots for children", "label": [ "2778321746" ], "author": [ "1621321188" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "until recently no european country had included healthy children in the priority groups targeted for vaccination against the h1n1 pandemic virus but as the outbreak gathers speed and more vaccine becomes available some countries are now telling families that healthy children or at least infants are candidates for vaccination after all the change of mind did not reassure a jittery public how many european children will eventually be vaccinated remains to be seen partly because distrust of the new vaccines is running high", "title_raw": "Europe Reconsiders H1N1 Flu Shots for Children", "abstract_raw": "Until recently, no European country had included healthy children in the priority groups targeted for vaccination against the H1N1 pandemic virus. But as the outbreak gathers speed and more vaccine becomes available, some countries are now telling families that healthy children\u2014or at least infants\u2014are candidates for vaccination after all. The change of mind did not reassure a jittery public. How many European children will eventually be vaccinated remains to be seen, partly because distrust of the new vaccines is running high." }, { "paper": "2153304720", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2009", "title": "paradoxes and contradictions in eu democracy promotion in the mediterranean the limits of eu normative power", "label": [ "17058734", "34355311", "199539241", "94625758", "68346564", "111439079", "555826173", "2779423641" ], "author": [ "2196474548" ], "reference": [ "61028274", "161194265", "340124576", "427580466", "567630581", "568094283", "577654449", "587945829", "589047549", "590326583", "625292513", "642005987", "646103690", "1484858403", "1510393012", "1533369859", "1535071091", "1552199950", "1579225106", "1692053551", "1976708218", "1978593017", "1981166029", "2007487966", "2010724885", "2029508966", "2030415070", "2032561387", "2041887672", "2053805201", "2095812336", "2121232046", "2126317486", "2160551229", "2330436505", "2474734930", "2478955703", "2491893823", "2495983053", "2608857804", "2724386336", "2734584756", "2784083882", "2900912321", "3024885294", "3121882759", "3142570219", "3144221588" ], "abstract": "disciplinary debates about the challenge of liberal democracy in the mediterranean suggest that the underlying constraints in the region such as the nature of authoritarian regimes economic underdevelopment and the nature of rentier states pose severe tests for external actors like the european union eu seeking to encourage political reform these debates have however failed to address the question of how and why liberal democracy per se achieved normative status this article seeks to take this debate forward by examining the substance of the eu s efforts at democracy promotion in the mediterranean it does this first by explaining the eu s diagnosis of the mediterranean condition which highlights the logic behind the eu s prescription for democratization specifically in the middle east and north africa mena region this sheds light second on the inherent paradoxes and contradictions in the eu s push for democracy in the mena the article concludes by arguing that eu actions limit any pote", "title_raw": "Paradoxes and contradictions in EU democracy promotion in the Mediterranean: the limits of EU normative power", "abstract_raw": "Disciplinary debates about the challenge of liberal democracy in the Mediterranean suggest that the underlying constraints in the region, such as the nature of authoritarian regimes, economic underdevelopment, and the nature of rentier states, pose severe tests for external actors like the European Union (EU) seeking to encourage political reform. These debates have, however, failed to address the question of how and why liberal democracy per se achieved normative status. This article seeks to take this debate forward by examining the substance of the EU's efforts at democracy promotion in the Mediterranean. It does this first by explaining the EU's diagnosis of the Mediterranean \u2018condition\u2019, which highlights the logic behind the EU's prescription for democratization specifically in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This sheds light, second, on the inherent paradoxes and contradictions in the EU's push for democracy in the MENA. The article concludes by arguing that EU actions limit any pote..." }, { "paper": "2131257534", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2009", "title": "representation rethought on trustees delegates and gyroscopes in the study of political representation and democracy", "label": [ "94625758", "83009810", "555826173", "538383745", "199539241", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "394097056" ], "reference": [ "429900507", "561984268", "581444983", "585879556", "595754801", "620180636", "646012911", "656388904", "1482188758", "1502532850", "1507976309", "1520329473", "1532477936", "1543247094", "1561239793", "1565003380", "1574985236", "1588773240", "1596200526", "1970481959", "1975710200", "2002771787", "2007245110", "2032942773", "2035902442", "2047656735", "2056681246", "2068267660", "2082422522", "2083201648", "2095303657", "2117669776", "2119752945", "2121286673", "2122165510", "2122432636", "2139387599", "2160702389", "2163703649", "2168695899", "2170342636", "2251584711", "2315590229", "2469021790", "2484899501", "2512838467", "2539893177", "2801790053", "3123037877", "3123489450", "3141927501" ], "abstract": "the trustee delegate problem purportedly expresses how closely a representative s votes in the legislature should correspond to their constituents preferences in this article i argue that the usual formulation of this debate collapses three distinctions aims source of judgment and responsiveness and thus obscures the underlying complexity of the phenomenon given its tripartite formulation the collapse of these distinctions into a binary trustee delegate formulation obscures a more complex political landscape with eight rather than two ideal types furthermore once unpacked we can see that the distinctions operate entirely independent of the location of authority leading to the seemingly paradoxical instructed trustees and independent delegates i also claim that the three distinctions apply to any decision maker and thus the attribution of this problem as distinctive of democratic political representation is an important overstatement the article thus contributes to a more general theory of political representation that can be applied in nonelectoral and nondemocratic contexts increasingly relevant to global politics", "title_raw": "Representation Rethought: On Trustees, Delegates, and Gyroscopes in the Study of Political Representation and Democracy", "abstract_raw": "The trustee/delegate problem purportedly expresses how closely a representative's votes in the legislature should correspond to their constituents' preferences. In this article, I argue that the usual formulation of this debate collapses three distinctions\u2014aims, source of judgment, and responsiveness\u2014and thus obscures the underlying complexity of the phenomenon. Given its tripartite formulation, the collapse of these distinctions into a binary \u201ctrustee/delegate\u201d formulation obscures a more complex political landscape with eight\u2014rather than two\u2014ideal types. Furthermore, once unpacked, we can see that the distinctions operate entirely independent of the location of authority, leading to the seemingly paradoxical instructed trustees and independent delegates. I also claim that the three distinctions apply to any decision maker, and thus, the attribution of this problem as distinctive of democratic political representation is an important overstatement. The article thus contributes to a more general theory of political representation that can be applied in nonelectoral and nondemocratic contexts increasingly relevant to global politics." }, { "paper": "2140801924", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2009", "title": "lewis peter m 2007 growing apart oil politics and economic change in indonesia and nigeria ann arbor mi university of michigan press xi 295 pp isbn 9780472069804", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "1966461585" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Lewis, Peter M., 2007. Growing Apart: Oil Politics and Economic Change in Indonesia and Nigeria. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. xi + 295 pp. ISBN 9780472069804:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2334983140", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2009", "title": "the power of troublemaking protest tactics and their efficacy in china", "label": [ "2776051254", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2589497643" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Power of \"Troublemaking\": Protest Tactics and Their Efficacy in China", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2093174295", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2009", "title": "forum the case for no first use an exchange", "label": [ "3116431", "2776500315" ], "author": [ "2983623418", "2709642322", "2518001648", "2507994591", "2071135346" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in the june july 2009 issue of survival scott d sagan argued the current case for the united states to adopt a declaratory policy of no nuclear first use survival invited four experts from europe asia and north america to comment on sagan s argument the author concludes the debate with his own final thoughts", "title_raw": "Forum: The Case for No First Use: An Exchange", "abstract_raw": "In the June\u2013July 2009 issue of Survival, Scott D. Sagan argued the current case for the United States to adopt a declaratory policy of no nuclear first use. Survival invited four experts from Europe, Asia and North America to comment on Sagan's argument. The author concludes the debate with his own final thoughts." }, { "paper": "198432823", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2009", "title": "prosecutions in u s courts for terrorism related offenses in afghanistan and iraq", "label": [ "203133693", "199539241" ], "author": [ "3161935419" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Prosecutions in U.S. Courts for Terrorism-Related Offenses in Afghanistan and Iraq", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2130455817", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2009", "title": "voter identification requirements and the learning curve", "label": [ "2777094542", "137403100", "520049643", "83009810" ], "author": [ "1949544967", "2144892239" ], "reference": [ "197747086", "1916425345", "2170872583", "2319401924" ], "abstract": "ebatesoverwhethertorequirevoterstopro videproofofidentityatthepolls andjusthowthatcanbeaccomplished aretakingplaceinlegislative chambers and courtrooms acrossthenation attheheartofthesedebatesisthebalancingactofballotsecurityversusaccesstovoting oppo nentsofvoter identi cationrequirementsarguethattheyplaceadisproportionateburdenonethnicandracialminorities thepoor thelesseducated theveryyoung andtheveryold sup portersofidenti cationrequirementsarguethestandardsarenohigherthanthoserequiredforboardingaplaneorcashinga check and the requirements are needed to prevent voterfraud empiricalresearchtodatehasprovidedvaryinganswerstothequestionofwhetheridenti cationrequirementsreduceturnout whenlookingatdataontheaggregatelevel itappearsthatvoteridenti cationhaslittleornoe ectonturnoutrates vercellottiandandersen2006 alvarez bailey andkatz2008 whenexaminingturnoutontheindividuallevelhowever dif ferentiale ectsdoappearinthelikelihoodofvoting thoughresearchersdisagreeonwhatthosee ectsare vercellottiandandersen 2006 foundthatnon photo identi cationrequire ments lowered turnout among african american and his panicvotersin2004 whilealvarez bailey andkatz 2008 foundnoevidenceofdisproportionatee ectsonnonwhitevoterswhenexaminingvoterturnoutinthe2000 2002 2004 and2006elections alvarez bailey andkatz however did ndaslightnegativee ectofidenti cationrequirementsonturnoutamongvotersfromlowersocioeconomicbackgrounds partoftheconcernsurroundingtightervoter identi cationrequirementsisthatvoterswillbeunpreparedtoprovidethenecessaryidenti cationatthepollingplace notallcitizenscarrytheiridenti cationwiththematalltimes andnotallcitizenshaveaccesstoalltypesofidenti cation severalstatesrequirevoterstoprovideaformofidenti cationthatdisplaystheirfullnameandtheaddressatwhichtheyareregisteredinordertoverifytheiridentity anyoneholdingacurrentvaliddriver slicensemeetsthisrequirement butforthosewhodonot compliance requires prior knowledge and preparation typicallythisinvolvesbringingautilitybillorsomeotherformofveri cation necessitatingthatvotersareawareoftheformsofidenti cationthatwillsu ce andarethenabletoobtainadocumentmeetingthoserules themoststringentformofidentityveri cationatthepolls government issuedphotoidenti cationbearingthevoter sfullnameandaddress ispotentiallyproblematicaswell notallcitizenscanmeetthatstandard barreto nuno andsanchez2008 additionally thedistributionofgovernment issuedphotoidenti cationisnotuniformacrosstheelectorate leav ingsomegroupslesslikelytopossessthem especiallynon whites thelesseducated poorresidents andboththeyoungandelderly barreto nuno andsanchez2007 2008 variationinresidentialmobilityalsomakesitharderforsomegroupstoprovideacurrentphotoornon photoidenti cation suchasautilitybillorbankstatement themarch2000 current population survey found that 16 of surveyrespondentssaidtheyhadmovedinthepreviousyear butthepercentagesvariedbyraceandethnicity 14 forwhiterespondents 19 forafricanamericans 21 forhispanics and20 forasiansandpaci cislanders mobilityalsowashigheramongyoungeragegroups 35 forthoseages20to24and32 forthoseages25to29 andamongthepoor 28 forrespondentslivingbelowthepovertylevel comparedto14 forthoseat150 ofthepovertylevelorhigher schachter2001 acrossallformsofidenti cationlaws then therecouldbesegmentsoftheelectorateunabletomeetthestandard thiswouldbetrueforanyelection butthee ectonturnoutmaybegreatestwhenrequirementsarenewandeventhosewhohavetherequiredidenti cation orcouldobtainit areunawareofthenewrules rulesthathavebeeninplaceforoneormoreelectioncyclesmayconditionvoterstobringthenecessaryidenti cation raisingthepossibilitythat atleastforsomevoters theremaybealearningcurveregardingvoter identi cationrequirements", "title_raw": "Voter-Identification Requirements and the Learning Curve", "abstract_raw": "ebatesoverwhethertorequirevoterstopro-videproofofidentityatthepolls,andjusthowthatcanbeaccomplished,aretakingplaceinlegislative chambers and courtrooms acrossthenation.Attheheartofthesedebatesisthebalancingactofballotsecurityversusaccesstovoting.Oppo-nentsofvoter-identi\ufb01cationrequirementsarguethattheyplaceadisproportionateburdenonethnicandracialminorities,thepoor,thelesseducated,theveryyoung,andtheveryold.Sup-portersofidenti\ufb01cationrequirementsarguethestandardsarenohigherthanthoserequiredforboardingaplaneorcashinga check, and the requirements are needed to prevent voterfraud.Empiricalresearchtodatehasprovidedvaryinganswerstothequestionofwhetheridenti\ufb01cationrequirementsreduceturnout.Whenlookingatdataontheaggregatelevel,itappearsthatvoteridenti\ufb01cationhaslittleornoe\ufb00ectonturnoutrates(VercellottiandAndersen2006;Alvarez,Bailey,andKatz2008).Whenexaminingturnoutontheindividuallevelhowever,dif-ferentiale\ufb00ectsdoappearinthelikelihoodofvoting,thoughresearchersdisagreeonwhatthosee\ufb00ectsare.VercellottiandAndersen(2006)foundthatnon-photo-identi\ufb01cationrequire-ments lowered turnout among African American and His-panicvotersin2004,whileAlvarez,Bailey,andKatz(2008)foundnoevidenceofdisproportionatee\ufb00ectsonnonwhitevoterswhenexaminingvoterturnoutinthe2000,2002,2004,and2006elections.Alvarez,Bailey,andKatz,however,did\ufb01ndaslightnegativee\ufb00ectofidenti\ufb01cationrequirementsonturnoutamongvotersfromlowersocioeconomicbackgrounds.Partoftheconcernsurroundingtightervoter-identi\ufb01cationrequirementsisthatvoterswillbeunpreparedtoprovidethenecessaryidenti\ufb01cationatthepollingplace.Notallcitizenscarrytheiridenti\ufb01cationwiththematalltimes,andnotallcitizenshaveaccesstoalltypesofidenti\ufb01cation.Severalstatesrequirevoterstoprovideaformofidenti\ufb01cationthatdisplaystheirfullnameandtheaddressatwhichtheyareregisteredinordertoverifytheiridentity.Anyoneholdingacurrentvaliddriver\u2019slicensemeetsthisrequirement,butforthosewhodonot, compliance requires prior knowledge and preparation.Typicallythisinvolvesbringingautilitybillorsomeotherformofveri\ufb01cation,necessitatingthatvotersareawareoftheformsofidenti\ufb01cationthatwillsu\ufb03ce,andarethenabletoobtainadocumentmeetingthoserules.Themoststringentformofidentityveri\ufb01cationatthepolls\u2014government-issuedphotoidenti\ufb01cationbearingthevoter\u2019sfullnameandaddress\u2014ispotentiallyproblematicaswell.Notallcitizenscanmeetthatstandard(Barreto,Nuno,andSanchez2008).Additionally,thedistributionofgovernment-issuedphotoidenti\ufb01cationisnotuniformacrosstheelectorate,leav-ingsomegroupslesslikelytopossessthem,especiallynon-whites,thelesseducated,poorresidents,andboththeyoungandelderly(Barreto,Nuno,andSanchez2007;2008).Variationinresidentialmobilityalsomakesitharderforsomegroupstoprovideacurrentphotoornon-photoidenti-\ufb01cation,suchasautilitybillorbankstatement.TheMarch2000 Current Population Survey found that 16% of surveyrespondentssaidtheyhadmovedinthepreviousyear.Butthepercentagesvariedbyraceandethnicity(14%forwhiterespondents,19%forAfricanAmericans,21%forHispanics,and20%forAsiansandPaci\ufb01cIslanders).Mobilityalsowashigheramongyoungeragegroups(35%forthoseages20to24and32%forthoseages25to29),andamongthepoor(28%forrespondentslivingbelowthepovertylevel,comparedto14%forthoseat150%ofthepovertylevelorhigher)(Schachter2001).Acrossallformsofidenti\ufb01cationlaws,then,therecouldbesegmentsoftheelectorateunabletomeetthestandard.Thiswouldbetrueforanyelection,butthee\ufb00ectonturnoutmaybegreatestwhenrequirementsarenewandeventhosewhohavetherequiredidenti\ufb01cation,orcouldobtainit,areunawareofthenewrules.Rulesthathavebeeninplaceforoneormoreelectioncyclesmayconditionvoterstobringthenecessaryidenti\ufb01cation,raisingthepossibilitythat,atleastforsomevoters,theremaybealearningcurveregardingvoter-identi\ufb01cationrequirements." }, { "paper": "3123324475", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2009", "title": "imagining the international community the constitutive dimension of universal jurisdiction", "label": [ "94625758", "204342414", "2779872411", "2776398702", "2776243541", "2779381354", "2776949292" ], "author": [ "2674360854" ], "reference": [ "57399317", "68927854", "87068798", "103217162", "336540956", "567864019", "591567873", "615718769", "630101229", "636985270", "650345257", "1486416314", "1503946266", "1531278607", "1533067089", "1544282730", "1561792986", "1561899789", "1564761980", "1570210665", "1576632330", "1577349078", "1601206300", "1606033122", "1965618196", "1970106651", "1981364594", "1983000697", "2018495120", "2023761578", "2035090471", "2038825172", "2049045468", "2058318912", "2059176358", "2074093901", "2080703790", "2089897030", "2095377418", "2113966318", "2122242125", "2159399627", "2162510130", "2164304100", "2233649355", "2798129785", "2904853943", "3122043380", "3122861151", "3123212178", "3124918005", "3125009892", "3125276182", "3162901036" ], "abstract": "the assertion of prescriptive and adjudicative universal jurisdictions by some countries in relation to a handful of offenses that are classified as international or universal crimes e g genocide has led to a great deal of controversy those who favor universal jurisdiction argue that certain acts often crimes affect all of us not just the specific individual or group of victims or the country of which the victims are nationals it is therefore legitimate they argue for any state to punish or suppress such acts regardless of any traditional jurisdictional connection between the alleged acts and the state asserting jurisdiction the availability of universal jurisdiction is premised on the presumed effect of certain crimes on humanity as a whole those who commit these offenses are referred to as hostis humani generis enemies of human kind skeptics argue that the idea of universal jurisdiction is conceptually incoherent inconsistent with the principle of political self determination and has great potential to be an instrument of political mischief while they disagree on the conceptual coherence and utility of the notion of universal jurisdiction both proponents and opponents view its function in purely instrumental terms to provide the condition for punishing or suppressing certain offenses that affect all of us this article argues that universal jurisdiction also serves another less articulated purpose it has a constitutive function as well it is partly a process through which the identity of the international community is imagined and enacted it is an expression of a sense of ourselves a community of humankind at given moments of time this article argues that neglect of this constitutive dimension leads to an incomplete analysis of universal jurisdiction", "title_raw": "Imagining the International Community: The Constitutive Dimension of Universal Jurisdiction", "abstract_raw": "The assertion of prescriptive and adjudicative universal jurisdictions by some countries in relation to a handful of offenses that are classified as international or universal crimes (e.g. genocide) has led to a great deal of controversy. Those who favor universal jurisdiction argue that certain acts (often crimes) affect all of us, not just the specific individual or group of victims or the country of which the victims are nationals. It is therefore legitimate, they argue, for any state to punish or suppress such acts regardless of any traditional jurisdictional connection between the alleged acts and the state asserting jurisdiction. The availability of universal jurisdiction is premised on the presumed effect of certain crimes on humanity as a whole. Those who commit these offenses are referred to as hostis humani generis \u2014enemies of human kind. Skeptics argue that the idea of universal jurisdiction is conceptually incoherent, inconsistent with the principle of political self-determination, and has great potential to be an instrument of political mischief. While they disagree on the conceptual coherence and utility of the notion of universal jurisdiction, both proponents and opponents view its function in purely instrumental terms, to provide the condition for punishing or suppressing certain offenses that affect all of us. This article argues that universal jurisdiction also serves another, less articulated purpose. It has a constitutive function as well. It is partly a process through which the identity of the international community is imagined and enacted. It is an expression of a sense of ourselves (a community of humankind) at given moments of time. This article argues that neglect of this constitutive dimension leads to an incomplete analysis of universal jurisdiction." }, { "paper": "2116916418", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2009", "title": "yeltsin putin and clinton presidential leadership and russian democratization in comparative perspective", "label": [ "144661447", "93377909", "3116431", "555826173", "2779707719", "2779111050", "17058734", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2118735353", "2157001009" ], "reference": [ "111360642", "113700362", "199051061", "260054106", "408159054", "567023864", "582513717", "606580619", "607604358", "614300700", "620002205", "628160341", "630829163", "649132399", "654702991", "1478494204", "1487024384", "1510929029", "1522570075", "1528534162", "1533369859", "1535803599", "1545859777", "1548714994", "1571677283", "1584789652", "1590455538", "1604229468", "1676579337", "1963692952", "1970309817", "1978028201", "1980432395", "1982964246", "1983760863", "1986939612", "1988105841", "1990783026", "1991897344", "1999312218", "2001365267", "2004838156", "2005037489", "2016343081", "2018542675", "2024233429", "2026301915", "2026556629", "2028524182", "2033329940", "2034617014", "2035775548", "2036381016", "2036500152", "2045852902", "2064460292", "2065092547", "2069194555", "2071962575", "2074520084", "2075434064", "2077556346", "2083000632", "2093192475", "2093577406", "2107042177", "2114179330", "2118630861", "2127004886", "2132799269", "2146432192", "2164162349", "2169936529", "2170462159", "2284293907", "2322061938", "2323661421", "2331930257", "2342643771", "2476968030", "2485207027", "2495611062", "2565362947", "2587019113", "2798335023", "2801507548", "2888507507", "2986301491", "3124376146" ], "abstract": "immediately after coming to power the clinton administration declared the consolidation of market and democratic institutions in russia to be a vital american interest the administration s central tactic for promoting this outcome was to help boris yeltsin remain in power in a major assault on clintons historical legacy much of the scholarly community maintains that u s policy was fundamentally flawed both morally and strategically in the view of these analysts post soviet russia s founding president was an autocratic leader who derailed the country s progress toward democracy however this body of research focuses exclusively on the russian federation and fails to utilize comparative referents in contrast we analyze the experiences of the full population of postcommunist states of eastern europe and eurasia from 1991 to the present whether examined in cross national or longitudinal perspective we find that russian democracy under yeltsin was relatively speaking a success we conclude that the clinton administrations policy of support for yeltsin both served various american foreign policy interests and strengthened the prospects for democratic consolidation in russia thereby fulfilling the dictates of both realand idealpolitik in addition the relative success of russia s democratization in the 1990s the reversal ofthat pattern in this decade and the magnitude of the transformation of the polity under putin all demonstrate the pivotal role played by presidential leadership in russia s transition", "title_raw": "Yeltsin, Putin, and Clinton: Presidential Leadership and Russian Democratization in Comparative Perspective", "abstract_raw": "Immediately after coming to power, the Clinton administration declared the consolidation of market and democratic institutions in Russia to be a vital American interest. The administration's central tactic for promoting this outcome was to help Boris Yeltsin remain in power. In a major assault on Clintons historical legacy, much of the scholarly community maintains that U.S. policy was fundamentally flawed, both morally and strategically. In the view of these analysts, post-Soviet Russia's founding president was an autocratic leader who derailed the country's progress toward democracy. However, this body of research focuses exclusively on the Russian Federation and fails to utilize comparative referents. In contrast, we analyze the experiences of the full population of postcommunist states of Eastern Europe and Eurasia from 1991 to the present. Whether examined in cross-national or longitudinal perspective, we find that Russian democracy under Yeltsin was, relatively speaking, a success. We conclude that the Clinton administrations policy of support for Yeltsin both served various American foreign policy interests and strengthened the prospects for democratic consolidation in Russia, thereby fulfilling the dictates of both realand idealpolitik. In addition, the relative success of Russia's democratization in the 1990s, the reversal ofthat pattern in this decade, and the magnitude of the transformation of the polity under Putin all demonstrate the pivotal role played by presidential leadership in Russia's transition." }, { "paper": "3121959658", "venue": "45992627", "year": "2009", "title": "shattered dreams the effects of changing the pension system late in the game", "label": [ "147859227", "2780899237", "2777288899" ], "author": [ "1973648848", "1995916062", "1988666635" ], "reference": [ "86467818", "324981714", "1556359091", "1603570509", "1972029160", "1976017192", "1987160878", "1987265607", "1992807835", "1997874427", "1999884574", "2023493091", "2025099838", "2027181700", "2034522532", "2069652432", "2074563504", "2076733052", "2082693504", "2093316163", "2098171654", "2099663772", "2106059289", "2112778345", "2123435593", "2133147601", "2134706507", "2138080316", "2142806020", "2145411167", "2164612439", "2165151602", "2170398889", "2331292185", "2409281223", "2613611060", "2890744701", "3121463820", "3121471620", "3122170055", "3122488824", "3122754201", "3123059436", "3123340794", "3123597599", "3124162861", "3124659381", "3124911991", "3125505820", "3125873316" ], "abstract": "this article assesses the impact of a dramatic reform of the dutch pension system on the mental health of workers nearing retirement age the reform means that public sector workers born on 1 january 1950 or later face a substantial reduction in their pension rights while for workers born before 1950 nothing changes we employ a unique matched survey and administrative dataset comprising male public sector workers born in 1949 and 1950 and find a strong deterioration in mental health for workers affected by the reform these effects are stronger for married workers whose partner has no pension income 2011 the author s the economic journal 2011 royal economic society", "title_raw": "Shattered Dreams: The Effects of Changing the Pension System Late in the Game", "abstract_raw": "This article assesses the impact of a dramatic reform of the Dutch pension system on the mental health of workers nearing retirement age. The reform means that public sector workers born on 1 January 1950 or later face a substantial reduction in their pension rights while, for workers born before 1950 nothing changes. We employ a unique-matched survey and administrative dataset comprising male public sector workers born in 1949 and 1950 and find a strong deterioration in mental health for workers affected by the reform. These effects are stronger for married workers whose partner has no pension income. \u00a9 2011 The Author(s). The Economic Journal \u00a9 2011 Royal Economic Society." }, { "paper": "2120967817", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2009", "title": "power and military effectiveness the fallacy of democratic triumphalismby michael c desch", "label": [ "555826173", "2776051254", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2108041442" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Power and Military Effectiveness: The Fallacy of Democratic Triumphalismby Michael C. Desch", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2090107039", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2009", "title": "reforms at risk what happens after major policy changes are enactedby eric m patashnik", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2640549145" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reforms at Risk: What Happens After Major Policy Changes Are Enactedby Eric M. Patashnik", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1969749146", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2009", "title": "history and action the inter american human rights system and the role of the inter american commission on human rights", "label": [ "543595228", "93377909", "555826173", "2776034101", "95691615", "199539241", "169437150", "86615163", "22299250" ], "author": [ "2156193615" ], "reference": [ "604896157", "2075867566", "2078164103", "2312510006", "2797634490" ], "abstract": "this article examines the historical origins of the inter american human rights system and key achievements of the inter american commission on human rights over the past fifty years it explores the commission s use of on sight visits and country reports to expose human rights violations of military governments during the 1970s and its increased use of the case system since the restoration of democratic rule in the 1990s the article also notes how shifts in us foreign policy toward the region impacted the commission s work it concludes by noting certain obstacles and challenges currently faced by the commission", "title_raw": "History and Action: The Inter-American Human Rights System and the Role of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the historical origins of the Inter-American human rights system and key achievements of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights over the past fifty years. It explores the Commission\u2019s use of on sight visits and country reports to expose human rights violations of military governments during the 1970s and its increased use of the case system since the restoration of democratic rule in the 1990s. The article also notes how shifts in US foreign policy toward the region impacted the Commission\u2019s work. It concludes by noting certain obstacles and challenges currently faced by the Commission." }, { "paper": "1963757077", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2009", "title": "comparing the two sides of the nonprofit organization donor relationship applying coorientation methodology to relationship management", "label": [ "2778061430", "39549134", "2776663400" ], "author": [ "2096177366" ], "reference": [ "1482239362", "2142505516" ], "abstract": "although public relations scholars recommend practitioners strive for symmetry in their communication programming scholarship on the organization public relationship has abandoned the push for symmetry despite potential problems that could emerge when the organization and publics have different viewpoints using the coorientation methodology this study found that even though fundraisers and donors at a west coast hospital viewed their relationship positively the differences in the evaluations leave room for the organization to devise strategies to improve the relationship status", "title_raw": "Comparing the two sides of the nonprofit organization\u2013donor relationship: Applying coorientation methodology to relationship management", "abstract_raw": "Although public relations scholars recommend practitioners strive for symmetry in their communication programming, scholarship on the organization\u2013public relationship has abandoned the push for symmetry despite potential problems that could emerge when the organization and publics have different viewpoints. Using the coorientation methodology, this study found that even though fundraisers and donors at a West coast hospital viewed their relationship positively, the differences in the evaluations leave room for the organization to devise strategies to improve the relationship status." }, { "paper": "2115515750", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2009", "title": "spontaneous or constructed neighborhood governance reforms in los angeles and shanghai", "label": [ "3116431", "2776431611", "94625758", "2776398702", "148834064", "2781188222" ], "author": [ "2734339163", "2103091674", "2128287100" ], "reference": [ "410694850", "1487551608", "1509225596", "1998987251", "2002123766", "2003127706", "2006255680", "2014753293", "2026400350", "2032515939", "2041616257", "2044487028", "2073531461", "2075467104", "2083980996", "2105386020", "2141687949", "2315260655", "2318316356", "2333958060", "2772384456", "3130932179" ], "abstract": "can grassroots government succeed on its own without state involvement by comparing approaches in two metropolitan governments neighborhood councils in los angeles and resident committees in shanghai bin chen of the city university of new york at baruch college terry l cooper of the university of southern california and rong sun of shanghai tongji university underscore the need to understand the interrelationships among the political and administrative structures where these specific reforms are implemented their analysis points out that the efficacy of a government initiated civic engagement program depends on a balanced combination of state involvement and community self organization", "title_raw": "Spontaneous or Constructed? Neighborhood Governance Reforms in Los Angeles and Shanghai", "abstract_raw": "Can grassroots government succeed on its own without state involvement? By comparing approaches in two metropolitan governments\u2014neighborhood councils in Los Angeles and resident committees in Shanghai\u2014Bin Chen of the City University of New York at Baruch College, Terry L. Cooper of the University of Southern California, and Rong Sun of Shanghai Tongji University underscore the need to understand the interrelationships among the political and administrative structures where these specific reforms are implemented. Their analysis points out that the efficacy of a government-initiated civic engagement program depends on a balanced combination of state involvement and community self-organization." }, { "paper": "2144928996", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2009", "title": "political rights under stress in 21st century europe edited by wojciech sadurski oxford oxford university press 2006 288p 55 00 paper", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "1976504343" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Rights under Stress in 21st Century Europe . Edited by Wojciech Sadurski. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. 288p. $55.00, paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2025191766", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2009", "title": "where next for family planning", "label": [ "39549134", "206836424", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2798832743" ], "reference": [ "1516875794", "1981298602", "2141656470" ], "abstract": "this article discusses the comeback of family planning after years of controversy over certain family planning programs throughout the world it states that to take advantage of the opportunity to re emerge family planning it will require a major reorientation of the design of family planning programs away from a focus on the couples who are easiest to reach toward couples who are poor and excluded and who most need and want family planning services", "title_raw": "Where next for family planning", "abstract_raw": "This article discusses the comeback of family planning after years of controversy over certain family planning programs throughout the world. It states that to take advantage of the opportunity to re-emerge family planning it will require a major reorientation of the design of family planning programs--away from a focus on the couples who are easiest to reach toward couples who are poor and excluded and who most need and want family planning services." }, { "paper": "2013116672", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2009", "title": "same effects in different worlds the transposition of eu directives", "label": [ "2778521920", "199539241", "79841651" ], "author": [ "2136635060" ], "reference": [ "183597202", "292667952", "379232761", "633847552", "746193322", "1483699943", "1495894378", "1501250910", "1595964953", "1604611898", "1976365137", "1978197160", "1981078205", "1986098322", "2020369370", "2050999060", "2051227693", "2067844392", "2088798378", "2089262853", "2090498086", "2095230063", "2100349101", "2107075364", "2115015864", "2124151790", "2132849250", "2147212985", "2155765001", "2170527550", "2170889798", "2477227797" ], "abstract": "this study examines variation in the timing of national transposition of european union eu directives it specifically addresses the central proposition of the worlds of compliance typology the proposition is that the direction of the effects of key explanatory variables of compliance such as the fit between new eu directives and existing national arrangements differs by cultural context or world of compliance contrary to this proposition the findings indicate that the direction of the effects is the same in different cultural contexts the present study uses arguably the best information available on compliance from falkner et al s 2005 complying with europe study this is also the information from which the worlds of compliance typology was at least partly derived as such this study offers a most likely test of the typology in addition to refuting the worlds of compliance typology the findings support several expectations about variation in timely transposition from the existing liter", "title_raw": "Same effects in different worlds: the transposition of EU directives", "abstract_raw": "This study examines variation in the timing of national transposition of European Union (EU) directives. It specifically addresses the central proposition of the worlds of compliance typology. The proposition is that the direction of the effects of key explanatory variables of compliance, such as the fit between new EU directives and existing national arrangements, differs by cultural context or \u2018world of compliance\u2019. Contrary to this proposition, the findings indicate that the direction of the effects is the same in different cultural contexts. The present study uses arguably the best information available on compliance, from Falkner et al.'s (2005) Complying with Europe study. This is also the information from which the worlds of compliance typology was at least partly derived. As such, this study offers a \u2018most likely\u2019 test of the typology. In addition to refuting the worlds of compliance typology, the findings support several expectations about variation in timely transposition from the existing liter..." }, { "paper": "2053084214", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2009", "title": "china targets top talent from overseas", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2691497599" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China targets top talent from overseas.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122155839", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2009", "title": "assessing partisan bias in federal public corruption prosecutions", "label": [ "94625758", "201342494", "139621336" ], "author": [ "2135249117" ], "reference": [ "8715681", "564236976", "796599600", "1483117848", "1521905678", "1544309043", "1550005718", "1572130406", "1572923779", "1577114345", "1591634667", "1648937643", "1972514237", "1981457167", "1991128340", "2007215387", "2020357607", "2020682813", "2057576789", "2076973960", "2093124124", "2107729441", "2114377946", "2133369488", "2135666079", "2136484149", "2143416241", "2149101205", "2152667712", "2154814410", "2160695008", "2171443468", "2345139956", "2499092218", "2502924814", "2795463097", "2891418929", "3117268959", "3121791763", "3122705141", "3122713832", "3123775444", "3125242308", "3125738840", "3141406740" ], "abstract": "the 2007 u s attorney firing scandal raised the specter of political bias in the prosecution of officials under federal corruption laws has prosecutorial discretion been employed to persecute enemies or shield allies to answer this question i develop a model of the interaction between officials contemplating corruption and a prosecutor deciding whether to pursue cases against them biased prosecutors will be willing to file weaker cases against political opponents than against allies consequently the model anticipates that in the presence of partisan bias sentences of prosecuted opponents will tend to be lower than those of co partisans employing newly collected data on public corruption prosecutions i find evidence of partisan bias under both bush ii and clinton justice departments however additional evidence suggests that these results may understate the extent of bias under bush while overstating it under clinton", "title_raw": "Assessing Partisan Bias in Federal Public Corruption Prosecutions", "abstract_raw": "The 2007 U.S. Attorney firing scandal raised the specter of political bias in the prosecution of officials under federal corruption laws. Has prosecutorial discretion been employed to persecute enemies or shield allies? To answer this question, I develop a model of the interaction between officials contemplating corruption and a prosecutor deciding whether to pursue cases against them. Biased prosecutors will be willing to file weaker cases against political opponents than against allies. Consequently, the model anticipates that in the presence of partisan bias, sentences of prosecuted opponents will tend to be lower than those of co-partisans. Employing newly collected data on public corruption prosecutions, I find evidence of partisan bias under both Bush (II) and Clinton Justice Departments. However, additional evidence suggests that these results may understate the extent of bias under Bush, while overstating it under Clinton." }, { "paper": "2027807391", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "an inside outside view of u s science", "label": [ "2777532764" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "opinion pollsthe u s public respects scientists and thinks what they do is important but few think u s science outperforms the rest of the world and neither do a majority of scientists three surveys conducted this spring by the pew research center offer some fresh insights into what both the public and scientists think about science and its impact on society", "title_raw": "An Inside/Outside View of U.S. Science", "abstract_raw": "Opinion PollsThe U.S. public respects scientists and thinks what they do is important. But few think U.S. science outperforms the rest of the world. And neither do a majority of scientists. Three surveys conducted this spring by the Pew Research Center offer some fresh insights into what both the public and scientists think about science and its impact on society." }, { "paper": "2130766110", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2009", "title": "determinants of political science faculty salaries at the university of california", "label": [ "2778805511", "2780090960", "105345328", "2780783599" ], "author": [ "402009535" ], "reference": [ "2152799206", "2155902314" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Determinants of Political Science Faculty Salaries at the University of California.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1992219954", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2009", "title": "the eu comitology system intergovernmental bargaining and deliberative supranationalism", "label": [ "2778485831", "2776034101", "3116431", "2776946740", "520049643" ], "author": [ "35698937", "2027228975" ], "reference": [ "33430200", "193276848", "292928031", "561586960", "606358637", "652549167", "830825170", "1490376428", "1869335334", "1974073228", "1978844326", "2012262252", "2026543282", "2041842081", "2049463971", "2049702643", "2059764160", "2061674159", "2063104451", "2065997009", "2095398621", "2100602508", "2115113991", "2115364763", "2129538610", "2130184970", "2137837847", "2142065949", "2142703307", "2146966944", "2149290623", "2153031274", "2166310630", "2230660402", "2254350888", "2325589870", "2492429008", "2608855918", "3123536143", "3123861982" ], "abstract": "two images exist of the day to day practice of the eu comitology system the first claims that comitology is deliberation by policy experts in which informal norms deliberation and good arguments matter more than economic interests and formal voting rules the second image portrays comitology as an arena for intergovernmental bargaining designed by the member states to control the commission the article systematically investigates these images based on survey evidence from a questionnaire to the danish and dutch national representatives on nearly all comitology committees in 2006 the evidence suggests that both images hold and that their relative importance is determined by the nature of the issues dealt with by the individual comitology committees", "title_raw": "The EU comitology system: intergovernmental bargaining and deliberative supranationalism?", "abstract_raw": "Two images exist of the day-to-day practice of the EU comitology system. The first claims that comitology is deliberation by policy experts in which informal norms, deliberation and good arguments matter more than economic interests and formal voting rules. The second image portrays comitology as an arena for intergovernmental bargaining designed by the Member States to control the Commission. The article systematically investigates these images based on survey evidence from a questionnaire to the Danish and Dutch national representatives on nearly all comitology committees in 2006. The evidence suggests that both images hold and that their relative importance is determined by the nature of the issues dealt with by the individual comitology committees." }, { "paper": "2033662271", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2009", "title": "was the pope wrong", "label": [ "199539241", "44725695", "94625758", "559590911", "109986646" ], "author": [ "3200040575" ], "reference": [ "1619075996", "1973205397", "1999420671", "2027483282" ], "abstract": "in your march 28 editorial you accuse the pope of publicly distort ing scientifi c evidence to promote catholic doctrine i do not write to take up the pope s defence but i do question the motivation of this clamorous response sexual behaviour is a contested domain over which both science and religion make claims to authority in this region of overlapping truths there is likely to be irresolvable controversy the pope had recognised that although he journeyed to africa with a programme that was religious his teachings would necessarily touch on areas of public policy that lay outside his competence likewise the scientifi c basis of public health does not protect its conclusions from normative critique by values other than those of reason alone as far as the pope shares with public health practitioners a clear concern for the medical wellbeing of african people he should reconsider certain tenets of his faith in light of the advance of scientifi c knowledge a universal prohibition against the use of condoms even within marriage between hiv serodiscordant couples endangers human lives but the burden of change does not fall on the vatican alone a strident defence of condom distribution cannot obscure the fact that despite public health s scientifi c basis it has been unable to curb the hiv epidemic in sub saharan africa within sexually transmitted epidemics the evidence is fairly strong that condom distribution is not an eff ective policy not because condoms don t work but because people don t use them consistently or with long term sexual partners whom they trust neither religion nor science is the master of public policy it is a product of politics and therefore answers above all else to power statements about hiv be they couched in the rhetoric of religion or the empiricism of science have influence only when they are compelling instead of attacking the pope the lancet should focus discu ssion on evidence based solutions that are both effective and acceptable to its diverse global constituency it is the responsibility of the scientific establishment not the pope to ensure that reason is our most compelling impetus for action", "title_raw": "Was the Pope wrong", "abstract_raw": "In your March 28 Editorial, you accuse the Pope of \u201cpublicly distort[ing] scientifi c evidence to promote Catholic doctrine.\u201d I do not write to take up the Pope\u2019s defence, but I do question the motivation of this clamorous response. Sexual behaviour is a contested domain over which both science and religion make claims to authority; in this region of overlapping truths, there is likely to be irresolvable controversy. The Pope had recognised that, although he journeyed to Africa \u201cwith a programme that [was] religious\u201d, his teachings would necessarily touch on areas of public policy that lay \u201coutside [his] competence\u201d. Likewise, the scientifi c basis of public health does not protect its conclusions from normative critique by values other than those of reason alone. As far as the Pope shares with public health practitioners a clear concern for the medical wellbeing of African people, he should reconsider certain tenets of his faith in light of the advance of scientifi c knowledge. A universal prohibition against the use of condoms, even within marriage between HIV serodiscordant couples, endangers human lives. But the burden of change does not fall on the Vatican alone. A strident defence of condom distribution cannot obscure the fact that, despite public health\u2019s scientifi c basis, it has been unable to curb the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Within sexually transmitted epidemics, the evidence is fairly strong that condom distribution is not an eff ective policy\u2014not because condoms don\u2019t work, but because people don\u2019t use them consistently or with long-term sexual partners whom they trust. Neither religion nor science is the master of public policy\u2014it is a product of politics, and therefore answers above all else to power. Statements about HIV, be they couched in the rhetoric of religion or the empiricism of science, have influence only when they are compelling. Instead of attacking the Pope, The Lancet should focus discu ssion on evidence-based solutions that are both effective and acceptable to its diverse global constituency. It is the responsibility of the scientific establishment, not the Pope, to ensure that reason is our most compelling impetus for action." }, { "paper": "2350225186", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2009", "title": "comparison of anglo american classification of higher education policy to take british binary higher education system and the master plan for higher education in california for an example", "label": [ "3116431", "181575753", "120912362", "172886114", "2777854444", "191935318", "668760" ], "author": [ "2373762186" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "british binary higher education system and the california higher education master plan are the typical cases of higher education classification with government intervention appeared in the 1960s but both the results of the implementation effectiveness and ultimate fate are very different these two policies as typical cases for a comparative study of higher education has an important inspiration for the world higher education especially for china developing the policy of higher education classification", "title_raw": "Comparison of Anglo-American classification of higher education policy\u2014\u2014To take British binary higher education system and the master plan for higher education in California for an example", "abstract_raw": "British binary higher education system and the California Higher Education Master Plan are the typical cases of higher education classification with government intervention appeared in the 1960s,but both the results of the implementation,effectiveness and ultimate fate are very different.These two policies as typical cases for a comparative study of higher education,has an important inspiration for the world higher education,especially for China developing the policy of higher education classification." }, { "paper": "2007901917", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2009", "title": "book review ondetti g 2008 land protest and politics the landless movement and the struggle for agrarian reform in brazil university park pennsylvania state university press", "label": [ "2776398702", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2165819468" ], "reference": [ "148581003", "659148024", "2120946983" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Ondetti, G. (2008). Land, Protest, and Politics: The Landless Movement and the Struggle for Agrarian Reform in Brazil. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2172044003", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2009", "title": "raw encounters chinese managers african workers and the politics of casualization in africa s chinese enclaves", "label": [ "158071213", "2777540445", "2775987171", "191935318", "531593650", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2499927698" ], "reference": [ "574125328", "1516930332", "1973690736", "1976761018", "1980314574", "1981601213", "1988269852", "1990624983", "1994799305", "2011030080", "2011376147", "2067654944", "2075923808", "2096393728", "2119692473", "2127334782" ], "abstract": "china s return to africa beginning in the late 1990s flows from decades of political ideological and economic ties cemented since the bandung conference in 1955 although the bandung rhetoric of anticolonial third world ist development still finds faint echo among elite and ordinary people alike in africa the more prevalent public discourse these days is the one the united states and former colonial powers in western europe promote it focuses on china s capitalist even imperialist impulses its hunger for raw materials its financial prowess and its wide ranging investment portfolio throughout africa 2 a frenzy of alarmist media reports as well as a rapidly growing academic literature on china in africa have recycled many aggregate statistics on the volume of chinese investments casting china as a formidable competitor for global energy resources and diplomatic influence yet without comparative and grounded analysis on how these investment projects operate the diverse agents and local conditions that enable and embed their interplay with workers unions and communities analysts remain trapped in sweeping and unproductive generalizations neither chinese capital nor africa is singular and the dynamic of their encounters raw in many ways as this chapter will show can be grasped only from within and across these chinese enclaves", "title_raw": "Raw Encounters: Chinese Managers, African Workers and the Politics of Casualization in Africa's Chinese Enclaves", "abstract_raw": "China\u2019s return to Africa beginning in the late 1990s flows from decades of political, ideological, and economic ties cemented since the Bandung Conference in 1955. Although the Bandung rhetoric of anticolonial, third world-ist development still finds faint echo among elite and ordinary people alike in Africa, the more prevalent public discourse these days is the one the United States and former colonial powers in Western Europe promote. It focuses on China\u2019s capitalist, even \u201cimperialist\u201d impulses\u2014its hunger for raw materials, its financial prowess, and its wide-ranging investment portfolio throughout Africa.2 A frenzy of alarmist media reports, as well as a rapidly growing academic literature on China in Africa, have recycled many aggregate statistics on the volume of Chinese investments, casting China as a formidable competitor for global energy resources and diplomatic influence. Yet without comparative and grounded analysis on how these investment projects operate\u2014the diverse agents and local conditions that enable and embed their interplay with workers, unions, and communities\u2014analysts remain trapped in sweeping and unproductive generalizations. Neither Chinese capital nor Africa is singular, and the dynamic of their encounters, raw in many ways as this chapter will show, can be grasped only from within and across these Chinese enclaves." }, { "paper": "1976053163", "venue": "44706263", "year": "2009", "title": "the perils of federalism race poverty and the politics of crime control by lisa l miller", "label": [ "533735693", "94625758", "199539241", "189326681", "2776157319" ], "author": [ "1396961899" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Perils of Federalism: Race, Poverty, and the Politics of Crime Control. By Lisa L. Miller.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1992885486", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2009", "title": "the presidential and parliamentary elections in zimbabwe march and june 2008", "label": [ "59742305", "197487636", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2581537153" ], "reference": [ "120412105", "588582897", "1972359600", "1980286346", "2020961620", "2057290598" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The presidential and parliamentary elections in Zimbabwe, March and June 2008", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1963561113", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2009", "title": "after the taliban nation building in afghanistanby amb james f dobbins", "label": [ "32558149" ], "author": [ "2271525110" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "After the Taliban: Nation-Building in Afghanistanby Amb. James F. Dobbins", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2125534817", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2009", "title": "from pablo to osama trafficking and terrorist networks government bureaucracies and competitive adaptation by michael kenney university park pennsylvania state university press 2007 293p 45 00 cloth 24 95 paper", "label": [ "51575053", "203133693", "2776398702", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2763242278" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "From Pablo to Osama: Trafficking and Terrorist Networks, Government Bureaucracies, and Competitive Adaptation . By Michael Kenney. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007. 293p. $45.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2054721399", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2009", "title": "book review general international relations alexandra gheciu securing civilization the eu nato and the osce in the post 9 11 world new york oxford university press 2008 260 pp 45 00 hbk", "label": [ "34355311", "122302079" ], "author": [ "2720968362" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: General International Relations: Alexandra Gheciu, Securing Civilization? The EU, NATO, and the OSCE in the Post-9/11 World (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008, 260 pp., \u00a345.00 hbk)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2169474800", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2009", "title": "don t let them die in vain casualty frames and public tolerance for escalating commitment in iraq", "label": [ "199539241", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2159461330", "2097013827" ], "reference": [ "65613682", "561252765", "1519390571", "1528666689", "1565683242", "1580293227", "1973720207", "1979214615", "1981778221", "1982290744", "1983255267", "1990163546", "1992730325", "1993207813", "1994917709", "2002094236", "2002651217", "2006621514", "2021491206", "2022181827", "2022587005", "2022869242", "2030398623", "2031569480", "2036523333", "2044415296", "2047174296", "2049228636", "2057012170", "2058783314", "2063890925", "2080826664", "2080913687", "2083207744", "2083987274", "2087814949", "2096452841", "2097678171", "2106550921", "2107510625", "2110464107", "2113511292", "2114664295", "2133469585", "2137467756", "2139519757", "2144867725", "2152487133", "2155333785", "2156024651", "2156903974", "2157979842", "2158437999", "2161648594", "2163341084", "2248835167", "2343466942", "2496223766", "2613480913", "2800411894", "3011865677" ], "abstract": "this article builds on past framing research to probe the impact of casualty frames on the public s willingness to expend additional blood and treasure in an ongoing war the rhetoric of sunk costs often described as sacrifices that must be redeemed through further conflict is a well known yet irrational trope utilizing an experiment embedded in a nationally representative survey on attitudes about iraq we find that investment frames increase support for the war among individuals who believe the u s did the right thing in iraq but decrease support for the war among those who feel the u s should have stayed out we also find however that framing effects are inconsistent when the frames are attributed to sources these latter results demonstrate the importance of including unattributed frames to evaluate source effects in framing research", "title_raw": "\u201cDon\u2019t Let Them Die in Vain\u201d Casualty Frames and Public Tolerance for Escalating Commitment in Iraq", "abstract_raw": "This article builds on past framing research to probe the impact of casualty frames on the public\u2019s willingness to expend additional \u201cblood and treasure\u201d in an ongoing war. The rhetoric of \u201csunk costs\u201d (often described as \u201csacrifices\u201d) that must be redeemed through further conflict is a well-known, yet irrational, trope. Utilizing an experiment embedded in a nationally representative survey on attitudes about Iraq, we find that \u201cinvestment frames\u201d increase support for the war among individuals who believe the U.S. \u201cdid the right thing in Iraq,\u201d but decrease support for the war among those who feel the U.S. \u201cshould have stayed out.\u201d We also find, however, that framing effects are inconsistent when the frames are attributed to sources. These latter results demonstrate the importance of including unattributed frames to evaluate source effects in framing research." }, { "paper": "2126179497", "venue": "157620343", "year": "2009", "title": "discrimination in a low wage labor market a field experiment", "label": [ "2780656516" ], "author": [ "2053617771", "2189084777", "18757584" ], "reference": [ "17007836", "191069344", "586962088", "609168104", "1483679835", "1490948437", "1502766477", "1521746401", "1599956907", "1604231444", "1648937643", "1965968147", "1973645912", "1977929813", "1994472307", "2002374079", "2002869638", "2012350536", "2017013274", "2018465418", "2018704161", "2031398192", "2034340123", "2039052798", "2041038992", "2053137233", "2067516326", "2087491280", "2090842295", "2092059909", "2095333899", "2103172460", "2104727224", "2111813201", "2113095718", "2123882742", "2135436757", "2150474429", "2152972898", "2161258362", "2161923363", "2318713113", "2328146927", "2500103475", "2500594412", "2903590133", "3122500871", "3123135512", "3123223998", "3125359726", "3125778116", "3126043630", "3142045228", "3148300490" ], "abstract": "decades of racial progress have led some researchers and policymakers to doubt that discrimination remains an important cause of economic inequality to study contemporary discrimination we conducted a field experiment in the low wage labor market of new york city recruiting white black and latino job applicants who were matched on demographic characteristics and interpersonal skills these applicants were given equivalent resumes and sent to apply in tandem for hundreds of entry level jobs our results show that black applicants were half as likely as equally qualified whites to receive a callback or job offer in fact black and latino applicants with clean backgrounds fared no better than white applicants just released from prison additional qualitative evidence from our applicants experiences further illustrates the multiple points at which employment trajectories can be deflected by various forms of racial bias these results point to the subtle yet systematic forms of discrimination that continue to shape employment opportunities for low wage workers", "title_raw": "Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market: A Field Experiment", "abstract_raw": "Decades of racial progress have led some researchers and policymakers to doubt that discrimination remains an important cause of economic inequality. To study contemporary discrimination, we conducted a field experiment in the low-wage labor market of New York City, recruiting white, black, and Latino job applicants who were matched on demographic characteristics and interpersonal skills. These applicants were given equivalent resumes and sent to apply in tandem for hundreds of entry-level jobs. Our results show that black applicants were half as likely as equally qualified whites to receive a callback or job offer. In fact, black and Latino applicants with clean backgrounds fared no better than white applicants just released from prison. Additional qualitative evidence from our applicants' experiences further illustrates the multiple points at which employment trajectories can be deflected by various forms of racial bias. These results point to the subtle yet systematic forms of discrimination that continue to shape employment opportunities for low-wage workers." }, { "paper": "2169596092", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2009", "title": "beyond the scope of conflict national black and latino advocacy group relations in the congressional and legal arenas", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "1922653217", "2261323277" ], "reference": [ "189094596", "560672533", "562137648", "654705694", "1536681797", "1772551817", "1968049600", "1976315084", "1986020184", "2007312096", "2012908970", "2020840267", "2039562710", "2045458544", "2064518700", "2069437506", "2075763189", "2078792070", "2113239075", "2120805179", "2124008999", "2130187474", "2275691540", "2283091669", "2305270427", "2313995259", "2314187894", "2315170283", "2324656367", "2889044331", "2947068265" ], "abstract": "we examine activities of and between minority advocacy groups in the u s particularly similarities and differences in positions of blacks and latinos in their efforts to influence national level policies findings highlight several points analysis of congressional scorecard data indicates only modest overlap among the issues identified by the minority advocacy groups though there is complete congruence on the issues that are identified by both groups the highest degree of independence of the activities examined occurs in congressional testimony regarding legal advocacy analysis of amicus curiae briefs further affirms the general finding that there is little if any outright competition between black and latino advocacy groups there appears to be considerable tacit non cooperation which varies by policy type and between these national institutions", "title_raw": "Beyond (the Scope of) Conflict: National Black and Latino Advocacy Group Relations in the Congressional and Legal Arenas", "abstract_raw": "We examine activities of and between minority advocacy groups in the U.S., particularly similarities and differences in positions of Blacks and Latinos in their efforts to influence national-level policies. Findings highlight several points. Analysis of Congressional scorecard data indicates only modest overlap among the issues identified by the minority advocacy groups, though there is complete \u201ccongruence\u201d on the issues that are identified by both groups. The highest degree of \u201cindependence\u201d of the activities examined occurs in Congressional testimony. Regarding legal advocacy, analysis of amicus curiae briefs further affirms the general finding that there is little if any outright competition between Black and Latino advocacy groups. There appears to be considerable \u201ctacit non-cooperation\u201d which varies by policy-type and between these national institutions." }, { "paper": "2296053039", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2009", "title": "ministry of defense and support for the armed forces of the islamic republic of iran v elahi united states supreme court decision on terrorism risk insurance act and victims of trafficking and violence protection act", "label": [ "199539241", "2781232586", "527571333", "2778272461" ], "author": [ "2207776878" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ministry of Defense and Support for the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran v. Elahi - United States Supreme Court decision on Terrorism Risk Insurance Act and Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2009553068", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2009", "title": "who should defend us from collective defamation", "label": [ "107062074", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2660398781", "2020574991", "2498965231" ], "reference": [ "2103570635" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Who should defend us from collective defamation", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2153570834", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2009", "title": "multi level relations in political parties a delegation approach", "label": [ "86532276", "94625758", "65414064" ], "author": [ "2241181899" ], "reference": [ "58355123", "62265772", "604741545", "639197741", "1504705384", "1566518344", "1566662722", "1736021579", "1966544113", "1970767025", "1983684785", "1987002647", "1991653187", "1993452298", "2003350916", "2018972251", "2025386941", "2025506709", "2034591054", "2056125536", "2062403243", "2063094060", "2072029289", "2074061419", "2079535134", "2093028805", "2095830787", "2106433138", "2118618486", "2119471347", "2133204953", "2142100257", "2155477530", "2157821211", "2164970348", "2168283218", "2244623095", "2264266488", "2326312291", "2479493439", "2490181045", "2490836319", "2610752990", "2978739003" ], "abstract": "most political parties operate on several territorial levels but we have only limited theoretical understanding of multi level party dynamics this article presents a delegation framework for stud", "title_raw": "Multi-Level Relations in Political Parties A Delegation Approach", "abstract_raw": "Most political parties operate on several territorial levels, but we have only limited theoretical understanding of multi-level party dynamics. This article presents a delegation framework for stud..." }, { "paper": "1966840586", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2009", "title": "comparing judicial institutions using an inquisitorial trial simulation to facilitate student understanding of international legal traditions", "label": [ "177986884", "2778657711", "55447825", "88610354", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2742610832" ], "reference": [ "29081726", "125841711", "142155812", "368208057", "589199275", "638068690", "1544731832", "1576320192", "1969268188", "1986938362", "1997370431", "2001015141", "2030185359", "2062975395", "2121455471", "2137935518", "2281710912", "2337065038", "2621106038", "2792052883", "3122527773", "3125230587", "3125369183" ], "abstract": "this article proposes a new role playing exercise for public law courses a mock trial simulation using the european inquisitorial system of trial procedure by exposing students to an alternative method of conducting a trial numerous pedagogical benefits can be obtained including stimulating critical thinking regarding the potential inefficien cies in the american trial system the article provides an overview of the inquisitorial trial system and also sets out the procedures for conducting the simulation and conducting assessment", "title_raw": "Comparing Judicial Institutions: Using an Inquisitorial Trial Simulation to Facilitate Student Understanding of International Legal Traditions.", "abstract_raw": "This article proposes a new role-playing exercise for public law courses: a mock- trial simulation using the European inquisitorial system of trial procedure. By exposing students to an alternative method of conducting a trial, numerous pedagogical benefits can be obtained, including stimulating critical thinking regarding the potential inefficien- cies in the American trial system. The article provides an overview of the inquisitorial trial system, and also sets out the procedures for conducting the simulation and conducting assessment." }, { "paper": "2069331769", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2009", "title": "muddling through in kosovo", "label": [ "199539241", "2780086761" ], "author": [ "2058592235", "124532084" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "kosovo s unilateral declaration of independence of 17 february 2008 has made visible the deep divisions between the united states and its european allies on the one hand and russia on the other d", "title_raw": "Muddling Through in Kosovo", "abstract_raw": "Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence of 17 February 2008 has made visible the deep divisions between the United States and its European allies on the one hand, and Russia on the other; d..." }, { "paper": "2099908379", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2009", "title": "us aid allocation the nexus of human rights democracy and development", "label": [ "169437150", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2317785148", "2560061838" ], "reference": [ "586656543", "646197113", "1550443206", "1592576206", "1778912028", "1973280646", "1983660068", "1984112696", "1987032852", "1988797246", "1994434519", "1999040273", "2012178612", "2014675672", "2015166525", "2016382728", "2020216386", "2030402059", "2033564781", "2048085806", "2056052079", "2062592720", "2070299349", "2073008393", "2077085353", "2079865222", "2083615972", "2083620364", "2097391516", "2109673440", "2113754797", "2115844692", "2146240021", "2154256962", "2314672831", "2322183461", "2322489158", "2333026928", "2333589445", "2335415746", "2504343238", "2998772109", "3121539865", "3122775803" ], "abstract": "respect for human rights is one of several factors influencing us aid allocation decisions whereas previous research identifies human rights practices as being of secondary importance it typically does not explore whether there is a more complicated relationship between human rights practices and us aid allocation the authors argue that the impact of human rights varies at different levels of democracy and economic development employing data on 151 countries from 1977 to 2004 this study also investigates whether there has been an increase in the impact of human rights practices since the end of the cold war the results of the analysis show that during the cold war economic development was the prevailing factor in decisions about whether to allocate us aid in the post cold war era human rights practices are one among several significant variables albeit exerting a generally negative impact these results indicate that shifts in the international environment have in fact altered the determinants", "title_raw": "US Aid Allocation: The Nexus of Human Rights, Democracy, and Development:", "abstract_raw": "Respect for human rights is one of several factors influencing US aid allocation decisions. Whereas previous research identifies human rights practices as being of secondary importance, it typically does not explore whether there is a more complicated relationship between human rights practices and US aid allocation. The authors argue that the impact of human rights varies at different levels of democracy and economic development. Employing data on 151 countries from 1977 to 2004, this study also investigates whether there has been an increase in the impact of human rights practices since the end of the Cold War. The results of the analysis show that during the Cold War, economic development was the prevailing factor in decisions about whether to allocate US aid. In the post-Cold War era, human rights practices are one among several significant variables, albeit exerting a generally negative impact. These results indicate that shifts in the international environment have, in fact, altered the determinants..." }, { "paper": "2044888085", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2009", "title": "scientists must stand up and be counted", "label": [ "134698397", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2032084571" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Scientists must stand up and be counted.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2027848334", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2009", "title": "the snap election in austria september 2008", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2096011826" ], "reference": [ "1507598393", "2062676465", "2493544990" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The snap election in Austria, September 2008", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2124147135", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2009", "title": "tobacco control policy analysis in china economics and health edited by teh wei wu london word scientific 2008 328 pp 35 00 isbn 978 981 270 607 2", "label": [ "123587114", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2644821075" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Tobacco Control Policy Analysis in China: Economics and Health Edited by Teh-Wei Wu London: Word Scientific, 2008 328 pp. \u00a335.00 ISBN 978-981-270-607-2", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122496764", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2009", "title": "the disproportionate impact of voter id requirements on the electorate new evidence from indiana", "label": [ "2777094542", "2780798870", "2776398702", "97460637", "70036468", "520049643", "199539241", "2778272461" ], "author": [ "2121252313", "2131036532", "2250292427" ], "reference": [ "601191052", "1967946954", "1977825494", "1986056512", "2015245186", "2047080701", "2057970462", "2115090628", "2118108840", "2141961860", "2145508555", "2171797066", "2328567518", "2329648039" ], "abstract": "on january 8 2008 the united states supreme court heard arguments in crawford v marion county election board a case related to the discriminatory effects of voter identification laws in the state of indiana indiana has one of the most stringent voting requirements in the nation as voters are required to present an up to date photo identification issued by the federal or state government in order to cast a ballot plaintiffs argued that the indiana requirements prevent significant and unequal obstacles to the right to vote the state argued that indiana had the right to enforce strict requirements to prevent fraud and uphold confidence in the electoral process similar laws have also been proposed in many other states typically related to charges of vote fraud and often times tied into the divisive debate regarding undocumented immigrants or african american felons therefore the recent decision of the court has tremendous implications to the future of photo identification laws across the united states", "title_raw": "The Disproportionate Impact of Voter-ID Requirements on the Electorate\u2014New Evidence from Indiana", "abstract_raw": "On January 8, 2008, the United States Supreme Court heard arguments in Crawford v. Marion County Election Board , a case related to the discriminatory effects of voter-identification laws in the state of Indiana. Indiana has one of the most stringent voting requirements in the nation, as voters are required to present an up-to-date photo identification issued by the federal or state government in order to cast a ballot. Plaintiffs argued that the Indiana requirements prevent significant and unequal obstacles to the right to vote. The state argued that Indiana had the right to enforce strict requirements to prevent fraud and uphold confidence in the electoral process. Similar laws have also been proposed in many other states, typically related to charges of vote fraud, and often times tied into the divisive debate regarding undocumented immigrants or African American felons. Therefore the recent decision of the Court has tremendous implications to the future of photo-identification laws across the United States." }, { "paper": "2053457077", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2009", "title": "political disaffection in cuba s revolution and exodus by silvia pedraza new york cambridge university press 2007 359p 75 00 cloth 27 99 paper", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "90768537" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Disaffection in Cuba's Revolution and Exodus. By Silvia Pedraza. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 359p. $75.00 cloth, $27.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2118012720", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2009", "title": "the analysis of conflict a micro level perspective", "label": [ "98528937", "201670107", "118061837", "21711469" ], "author": [ "2308999571", "1773004899", "2144278296" ], "reference": [ "1984856650", "2079483673", "2096254066", "2138040337", "2147242040", "2163752449", "2170981124" ], "abstract": "this article introduces a special issue on the micro level dynamics of mass violent conflict while most analyses of conflict typically adopt a regional national or global perspective often using country level data this special issue takes an explicit micro level approach focusing on the behaviour and welfare of individuals households and groups or communities at a fundamental level conflict originates from individuals behaviour and their repeated interactions with their surroundings in other words from its micro foundations a micro level approach advances our understanding of conflict by its ability to account for individual and group heterogeneity within one country or one conflict the contributors to this special issue investigate the nature of violence against civilians the agency of civilians during conflict the strategic interaction between civilians and armed actors the consequences of displacement the effectiveness of coping strategies and the impact of policy interventions the core message from these articles is that in order to understand conflict dynamics and its effects on society we have to take seriously the incentives and constraints shaping the interaction between the civilian population and the armed actors the kind of interaction that develops as well as the resulting conflict dynamics depend on the type of conflict the type of armed actors and the characteristics of the civilian population and its institutions", "title_raw": "The Analysis of Conflict: A Micro-Level Perspective", "abstract_raw": "This article introduces a special issue on the micro-level dynamics of mass violent conflict. While most analyses of conflict typically adopt a regional, national or global perspective, often using country-level data, this special issue takes an explicit micro-level approach, focusing on the behaviour and welfare of individuals, households and groups or communities. At a fundamental level, conflict originates from individuals' behaviour and their repeated interactions with their surroundings, in other words, from its micro-foundations. A micro-level approach advances our understanding of conflict by its ability to account for individual and group heterogeneity within one country or one conflict. The contributors to this special issue investigate the nature of violence against civilians, the agency of civilians during conflict, the strategic interaction between civilians and armed actors, the consequences of displacement, the effectiveness of coping strategies and the impact of policy interventions. The core message from these articles is that in order to understand conflict dynamics and its effects on society, we have to take seriously the incentives and constraints shaping the interaction between the civilian population and the armed actors. The kind of interaction that develops, as well as the resulting conflict dynamics, depend on the type of conflict, the type of armed actors and the characteristics of the civilian population and its institutions." }, { "paper": "2165652645", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2009", "title": "a new moral hazard military intervention peacekeeping and ratification of the international criminal court", "label": [ "204342414", "2776713681", "65117487", "195064531", "2776429423", "17319257", "114104786", "2777998198" ], "author": [ "2050076545" ], "reference": [ "659330557", "1484239706", "1556061918", "1572422747", "1577437196", "1969929969", "1992218955", "1999809650", "2007352806", "2027312413", "2031219955", "2043140188", "2047911421", "2060465193", "2062695943", "2063079462", "2072480186", "2094409948", "2098115200", "2105686596", "2136113594", "2136938250" ], "abstract": "the newly established international criminal court icc promises justice to the victims of genocide war crimes and crimes against humanity past offenders can be punished while future potential offenders may be deterred by the prospect of punishment yet justice is no substitute for intervention for the benefit of people at acute risk of being victimized the court may create a new moral hazard problem if the promise of ex post justice makes it easier for states to shy away from incurring the costs of intervention this article indirectly tests for the relevance of this potential problem by estimating the determinants of ratification delay to the rome statute of the icc if the court represents an excuse for inaction then countries that are unwilling or unable to intervene in foreign conflicts should be among its prime supporters results show instead that countries that in the past have been more willing to intervene in foreign civil wars and more willing to contribute troops to multinational peacekeeping missions are more likely to have ratified the statute early on this suggests that the court is a complement to not a substitute for intervention", "title_raw": "A New Moral Hazard? Military Intervention, Peacekeeping and Ratification of the International Criminal Court:", "abstract_raw": "The newly established International Criminal Court (ICC) promises justice to the victims of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Past offenders can be punished, while future potential offenders may be deterred by the prospect of punishment. Yet, justice is no substitute for intervention for the benefit of people at acute risk of being victimized. The Court may create a new moral hazard problem if the promise of ex post justice makes it easier for states to shy away from incurring the costs of intervention. This article indirectly tests for the relevance of this potential problem by estimating the determinants of ratification delay to the Rome Statute of the ICC. If the Court represents an excuse for inaction, then countries that are unwilling or unable to intervene in foreign conflicts should be among its prime supporters. Results show instead that countries that in the past have been more willing to intervene in foreign civil wars and more willing to contribute troops to multinational peacekeeping missions are more likely to have ratified the Statute (early on). This suggests that the Court is a complement to, not a substitute for intervention." }, { "paper": "2737183527", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2009", "title": "earnings attainment of chinese americans a multilevel analysisearnings attainment of chinese americans a multilevel analysis by qinbibin new york lfb scholarly publishing llc 2008 207 pp 62 00 cloth isbn 9781593322595", "label": [ "151719136", "3017937568" ], "author": [ "2583365189" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Earnings Attainment of Chinese Americans: A Multilevel AnalysisEarnings Attainment of Chinese Americans: A Multilevel Analysis, by QinBibin. New York: LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC, 2008. 207 pp. $62.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781593322595.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2015067375", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2009", "title": "justice nature and the city", "label": [ "94625758", "2778560467", "139621336" ], "author": [ "2126201430", "2024460775", "2146288872" ], "reference": [ "1971751855", "1973840157", "1980237393", "1980420211", "1980682548", "1986536891", "1996000746", "2007894884", "2016651729", "2022632869", "2030680222", "2035974382", "2046230186", "2051346440", "2053934966", "2059885821", "2072538243", "2077849133", "2078310458", "2078427743", "2083400701", "2084329748", "2085951000", "2103656516", "2108945506", "2118767551", "2147142263", "2152147046", "2155133182", "2157188737", "2159893857", "2171820331", "2579648943" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Justice, Nature and the City", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1987825337", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2009", "title": "living with nuclear north korea", "label": [ "76775654", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2716726962" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "north korea s october 2008 agreement to open all declared nuclear sites to inspection by the international atomic energy agency iaea as a quid pro quo for its removal from the list of state spons", "title_raw": "Living with Nuclear North Korea", "abstract_raw": "North Korea's October 2008 agreement to open all declared nuclear sites to inspection by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as a quid pro quo for its removal from the list of state spons..." }, { "paper": "2045728182", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2009", "title": "europeanization and multilevel governance cohesion policy in the european union and britain by i bache", "label": [ "189261614" ], "author": [ "2231010174" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Europeanization and Multilevel Governance \u2013 Cohesion Policy in the European Union and Britain \u2013 By I. Bache", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2316291473", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2009", "title": "east asia responds to the rise of china patterns and variations", "label": [ "135121143", "191935318", "76775654", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2523367509" ], "reference": [ "1972961733" ], "abstract": "capabilities and influence and related synergies has become a global phenomenon economically diplomatically culturally and increasingly militarily while a wide variety of variables and uncertainties still remain to condition or constrain the elongated process of china s ascent this study designed to identify patterns and variations of state level responses in east asia to the rise of china opts for a cautious but overall optimistic take on the prospect of china attaining the status of a global power 1 a widely subscribed view as to the impact of china s rise forewarns of the inevitability of sino american competition or confrontation in east asia based on the premise that china s principal chessboard is as yet located in east asia where america s hub and spoke system of alliances is in active operation this somewhat apocalyptic position entails a realist logic that the ascent of china regardless of its intentions and preferences is bound to reduce the room for strategic maneuvering by america as the hegemonic power thereby precipitating a clash of titans 2 alternative views abound many argue that china s rise may lead to a peaceful power transition although uncertainties loom large in the long", "title_raw": "East Asia Responds to the Rise of China: Patterns and Variations", "abstract_raw": "capabilities and influence and related synergies?has become a global phenomenon economically, diplomatically, culturally and increasingly militarily. While a wide variety of variables and uncertainties still remain to condition or constrain the elongated process of China's ascent, this study, designed to identify patterns and variations of state-level responses in East Asia to the rise of China, opts for a cautious but, overall, optimistic take on the prospect of China attaining the status of a global power.1 A widely subscribed view as to the impact of China's rise forewarns of the inevitability of Sino-American competition or confrontation in East Asia. Based on the premise that China's principal chessboard is as yet located in East Asia, where America's hub-and-spoke system of alliances is in active operation, this somewhat apocalyptic position entails a realist logic that the ascent of China, regardless of its intentions and preferences, is bound to reduce the room for strategic maneuvering by America as the hegemonic power, thereby precipitating a \"clash of Titans.\"2 Alternative views abound. Many argue that China's rise may lead to a peaceful power transition, although uncertainties loom large in the long" }, { "paper": "1991867450", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2009", "title": "mapping institutions and their weak ties in a specialty a case study of cystic fibrosis body composition research", "label": [ "39549134", "2780510313", "2776822937" ], "author": [ "2157237073", "2147547131", "2653837627" ], "reference": [ "19323191", "1587613341", "1802130322", "1833785989", "1881040165", "1947595544", "1974707072", "1988445977", "1991021816", "2004590886", "2013387118", "2037925493", "2061901927", "2074564899", "2109469951", "2126864248", "2127775997", "2136231993", "2160053408", "3124934398" ], "abstract": "the paper demonstrates visualization technique that show the collaboration structure of institutions in the specialty and the researchers that function as weak ties among them institution names were extracted from the collection of papers and disambiguated using the derwent analytics v1 2 software product institutions were clustered into collaboration groups based on their co occurrence in papers a crossmap of clustered institutions against research fronts which were derived using bibliographic coupling analysis shows the research fronts that specific institutions participate in their collaborator institutions and the research fronts in which those collaborations occurred a crossmap of institutions to author teams derived from co authorship analysis reveals research teams in the specialty and their general institutional affiliation and further identifies the researchers that function as weak ties and the institutions that they link the case study reveals that the techniques introduced in this paper can be used to extract a large amount of useful information about institutions participating in a research specialty", "title_raw": "Mapping institutions and their weak ties in a specialty: A case study of cystic fibrosis body composition research", "abstract_raw": "The paper demonstrates visualization technique that show the collaboration structure of institutions in the specialty and the researchers that function as weak ties among them. Institution names were extracted from the collection of papers and disambiguated using the Derwent Analytics (v1.2) software product. Institutions were clustered into collaboration groups based on their co-occurrence in papers. A crossmap of clustered institutions against research fronts, which were derived using bibliographic coupling analysis, shows the research fronts that specific institutions participate in, their collaborator institutions and the research fronts in which those collaborations occurred. A crossmap of institutions to author teams, derived from co-authorship analysis, reveals research teams in the specialty and their general institutional affiliation, and further identifies the researchers that function as weak ties and the institutions that they link. The case study reveals that the techniques introduced in this paper can be used to extract a large amount of useful information about institutions participating in a research specialty." }, { "paper": "2092344585", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "gop must embrace science again", "label": [ "94625758", "109986646", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2102411763" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "science has disappeared from republican policy and rhetoric over the past 8 years it is now almost radical for a republican to fight for an evidence based policy process that has not been distorted by political considerations in this election cycle large groups of scientists backed barack obama", "title_raw": "GOP must embrace science again.", "abstract_raw": "Science has disappeared from Republican policy and rhetoric over the past 8 years. It is now almost radical for a Republican to fight for an evidence-based policy process that has not been distorted by political considerations. In this election cycle, large groups of scientists backed Barack Obama." }, { "paper": "2008545965", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2009", "title": "the constraining capacity of legal doctrine on the u s supreme court", "label": [ "199539241", "520049643", "2776211767", "2777632292", "87501996", "2776050585", "2781057107", "2778272461", "2778890055" ], "author": [ "1984943439" ], "reference": [ "560248864", "608014366", "1490994106", "1497309193", "1500826514", "1514919763", "1515771701", "1534543927", "1534854312", "1548263769", "1551789950", "1554937427", "1567548236", "1587375510", "1919343167", "1981457167", "1983122988", "2015110286", "2015890179", "2016332733", "2017928872", "2023175431", "2027107936", "2029974256", "2033223409", "2036620741", "2040506759", "2041138693", "2045656233", "2051799291", "2056403608", "2057765075", "2059507723", "2067750885", "2076634691", "2080752093", "2086446465", "2099304543", "2112663818", "2117433745", "2127212138", "2140682748", "2143584837", "2143943407", "2153140039", "2156188944", "2166424352", "2171210171", "2324807038", "2331182131", "2600863146", "2795908057", "2795958954", "2796273636", "2798225595", "2799838514", "3121147769", "3121551700", "3122200943", "3124423022", "3125358835", "3125667301", "3125987907", "3162867165" ], "abstract": "does law exhibit a significant constraint on supreme court justices decisions although proponents of the attitudinal model argue that ideology predominantly influences justices choices hybrid models posit that law and ideology exhibit discrete and concurrent effects on justices choices i offer a new conceptualization of legal constraint examining how legal rules permit varying degrees of ideological discretion which establishes how strongly ideological preferences will influence justices votes in examining the levels of scrutiny legal doctrine i posit theoretical models highlighting the differential constraining capacities of the strict scrutiny intermediate scrutiny and rational basis rules i use a multilevel modeling framework to test the hypotheses within the context of the grayned doctrine in free expression law the results show that strict scrutiny which grayned applied to content based regulations of expression significantly constrains ideological voting whereas intermediate scrutiny applied to content neutral regulations and the low scrutiny categories each promote high levels of ideological voting", "title_raw": "The Constraining Capacity of Legal Doctrine on the U.S. Supreme Court", "abstract_raw": "Does law exhibit a significant constraint on Supreme Court justices' decisions? Although proponents of the attitudinal model argue that ideology predominantly influences justices' choices, \u201chybrid models\u201d posit that law and ideology exhibit discrete and concurrent effects on justices' choices. I offer a new conceptualization of legal constraint examining how legal rules permit varying degrees of ideological discretion, which establishes how strongly ideological preferences will influence justices' votes. In examining the levels-of-scrutiny legal doctrine, I posit theoretical models highlighting the differential constraining capacities of the strict scrutiny, intermediate scrutiny, and rational basis rules. I use a multilevel modeling framework to test the hypotheses within the context of the Grayned doctrine in free expression law. The results show that strict scrutiny, which Grayned applied to content-based regulations of expression, significantly constrains ideological voting, whereas intermediate scrutiny (applied to content-neutral regulations) and the low scrutiny categories each promote high levels of ideological voting." }, { "paper": "1983176708", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2009", "title": "academic foundations for hospitality and tourism research a reexamination of citations", "label": [ "39549134", "75545042", "107482638", "189705334", "18918823", "525551149" ], "author": [ "2552684551", "2014209594", "2150770114", "2603099338" ], "reference": [ "1515693466", "1589779782", "1872611711", "1992938042", "2015193814", "2017895307", "2045870093", "2055131495", "2056736095", "2062817429", "2062927696", "2325494335" ], "abstract": "abstract a 1999 study looking at the research relationships within and between the disciplines of hospitality and tourism is revisited when compared to the 1999 study the current study reveals that there is more within discipline citing suggesting that both the hospitality and tourism academic areas are maturing and not relying as heavily on other disciplines further analysis of the citations outside hospitality is done to elicit a more in depth picture of where hospitality and tourism citations are coming from implications are discussed", "title_raw": "Academic foundations for hospitality and tourism research: A reexamination of citations", "abstract_raw": "Abstract A 1999 study looking at the research relationships within and between the disciplines of hospitality and tourism is revisited. When compared to the 1999 study, the current study reveals that there is more within-discipline citing, suggesting that both the hospitality and tourism academic areas are maturing, and not relying as heavily on other disciplines. Further analysis of the citations outside hospitality is done to elicit a more in-depth picture of where hospitality and tourism citations are coming from. Implications are discussed." }, { "paper": "2044945942", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2009", "title": "international organization as a seal of approval european union accession and investor risk", "label": [ "199776023", "179576964" ], "author": [ "2406274008" ], "reference": [ "17170802", "143434180", "163666779", "597243188", "1491547193", "1505491408", "1520942464", "1534061205", "1542367758", "1559694721", "1565974557", "1592576206", "1601416284", "1603201788", "1980102556", "1981166029", "1985808284", "2017538779", "2022924224", "2034301206", "2038628777", "2044013396", "2046200103", "2046519558", "2055573973", "2067009466", "2070343248", "2093248821", "2097704655", "2101264780", "2105394121", "2107589822", "2108224789", "2115285680", "2115574315", "2124369322", "2125254828", "2128710881", "2147585060", "2150436344", "2153031274", "2155340768", "2156777050", "2159000233", "2163455584", "2323321734", "2403362611", "3021445346", "3021858824", "3098147408", "3121137126", "3121147769", "3121276095", "3121452048", "3121612193", "3121697198", "3121762824", "3121786100", "3121873832", "3121972347", "3122109025", "3123522733", "3123781324", "3123984548", "3124269969", "3125341402", "3125897407", "3145410048" ], "abstract": "much of the literature on international institutions argues that membership regularizes expectations about members future behavior using the accession of the postcommunist countries as a test case this article argues that the eu can send strong signals to financial markets about the trajectory of a particular country examining spreads on sovereign debt from 1990 to 2006 this article shows that closing negotiation chapters on domestic economic policy in other words receiving a seal of approval from brussels that previously existing policy reform is acceptable to the wider eu substantially decreases perceptions of default risk in those countries that decrease operates independently from policy reform that the country has taken and is also distinct from selection processes modeled here with new variables including unesco world heritage sites and domestic movie production that proxy for cultural factors thus this particular international organization has played an important role in coordinating market sentiment on members conferring confidence that policy reform alone could not accomplish", "title_raw": "International Organization as a Seal of Approval: European Union Accession and Investor Risk", "abstract_raw": "Much of the literature on international institutions argues that membership regularizes expectations about members' future behavior. Using the accession of the postcommunist countries as a test case, this article argues that the EU can send strong signals to financial markets about the trajectory of a particular country. Examining spreads on sovereign debt from 1990 to 2006, this article shows that closing negotiation chapters on domestic economic policy\u2014in other words, receiving a seal of approval from Brussels that previously existing policy reform is acceptable to the wider EU\u2014substantially decreases perceptions of default risk in those countries. That decrease operates independently from policy reform that the country has taken and is also distinct from selection processes (modeled here with new variables, including UNESCO World Heritage sites and domestic movie production, that proxy for cultural factors). Thus, this particular international organization has played an important role in coordinating market sentiment on members, conferring confidence that policy reform alone could not accomplish." }, { "paper": "2033469673", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2009", "title": "worth the wait determinants of ministerial appointment in canada 1935 2008", "label": [ "3116431", "199539241", "148834064", "94625758", "2781440851" ], "author": [ "2270745685" ], "reference": [ "108296519", "581414626", "590655711", "605262964", "652023787", "657675823", "1556292950", "1562265124", "1581607785", "1604611898", "1923364439", "1978877924", "1982614465", "1984550052", "1988979637", "2000478772", "2016991351", "2054488661", "2061784917", "2074487618", "2079121361", "2082172673", "2090516188", "2105095305", "2106473078", "2111644142", "2111654849", "2136502791", "2151964873", "2154191581", "2157655567", "2284759742", "2515605652", "2565328621", "3029193906", "3121931873" ], "abstract": "the subject of ministerial career paths is neglected in the canadian political science canon the existing literature data and methods are for the most part descriptive and require updating this article addresses this deficit by focusing on the topic of ministerial appointments in the canadian federal parliament an event history model is developed to estimate the hazard of ministerial appointment for all government party members of parliament for the period 1935 2008 existing theories and explanations for ministerial appointments and their relationship to constitutional conventions and political principles are systematically tested using a series of variables identified in the canadian and comparative literature the paper concludes with recommendations for further research and integration with complementary country specific and comparative research programs in the field of ministerial career paths", "title_raw": "Worth the Wait: Determinants of Ministerial Appointment in Canada, 1935\u20132008", "abstract_raw": "The subject of ministerial career paths is neglected in the Canadian political science canon. The existing literature, data and methods are for the most part descriptive and require updating. This article addresses this deficit by focusing on the topic of ministerial appointments in the Canadian federal parliament. An event history model is developed to estimate the hazard of ministerial appointment for all government party members of Parliament for the period 1935-2008. Existing theories and explanations for ministerial appointments and their relationship to constitutional conventions and political principles are systematically tested using a series of variables identified in the Canadian and comparative literature. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research and integration with complementary country-specific and comparative research programs in the field of ministerial career paths." }, { "paper": "2237727622", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2009", "title": "energy as an indicator of modernization in latin america 1890 1925", "label": [ "53844881", "138368954", "158886217" ], "author": [ "2115062411", "2164598091", "3123398350", "2468968130" ], "reference": [ "109824050", "1507034799", "1524895218", "1604153849", "1963617702", "1968962646", "1987964364", "1994510983", "2003167146", "2024168949", "2038491445", "2042388792", "2047348303", "2081711069", "2149675034", "2160618991", "2162056641", "2170451684", "2332318495", "2470591455", "3023969812", "3124660844" ], "abstract": "this is the peer reviewed version of the following article rubio m d m yanez c folchi m and carreras a 2010 energy as an indicator of modernization in latin america 1890 1925 the economic history review 63 769 804 which has been published in final form at http dx doi org 10 1111 j 1468 0289 2009 00463 x this article may be used for non commercial purposes in accordance with wiley terms and conditions for self archiving", "title_raw": "Energy as an indicator of modernization in Latin America, 1890-1925", "abstract_raw": "This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: RUBIO, M. d. M., YANEZ, C., FOLCHI, M. and CARRERAS, A. (2010), Energy as an indicator of modernization in Latin America, 1890\u20131925. The Economic History Review, 63: 769\u2013804, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2009.00463.x. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving." }, { "paper": "2156020076", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2009", "title": "solidarity forever the ndp organized labour and the changing face of party finance in canada", "label": [ "2780641677" ], "author": [ "2166827740", "2102088345" ], "reference": [ "414510365", "580017010", "588642289", "600197405", "603755392", "628710179", "642973688", "1488283106", "1498339752", "1547674349", "1971213224", "1977825494", "1990639819", "1993529924", "2019439873", "2039365339", "2042864442", "2071850393", "2103264444", "2139153590", "2146485202", "2147248954", "2154314749", "2171526574", "2256373546", "2491368558", "2915460239" ], "abstract": "abstract we consider the impact of changing canadian national party finance laws that banned trade union donations on the relationship between the new democratic party ndp and organized labour although the changed laws have required a restructuring of the relationship between the two actors we find evidence of a continued commitment to co operation we conclude that accounts that stress the ideological affinity between the ndp and labour explain the preservation of the relationship better than political economy or rational exchange models resume nous considerons les changements apportes aux lois canadiennes sur le financement des partis politiques lois qui ont banni les donations des syndicats dans la perspective de leur incidence sur la relation entre le nouveau parti democratique npd et les syndicats malgre le fait que les nouvelles lois ont necessite une restructuration de la relation entre les deux acteurs nous avons decouvert la presence d un engagement continu envers la cooperation nous concluons que les interpretations qui mettent l accent sur l affinite ideologique entre le npd et les syndicats expliquent mieux le maintien de cette relation que l economie politique ou les modeles d echange rationnel", "title_raw": "Solidarity Forever? The NDP, Organized Labour, and the Changing Face of Party Finance in Canada", "abstract_raw": "Abstract. We consider the impact of changing Canadian national party finance laws that banned trade union donations on the relationship between the New Democratic party (NDP) and organized labour. Although the changed laws have required a restructuring of the relationship between the two actors, we find evidence of a continued commitment to co-operation. We conclude that accounts that stress the ideological affinity between the NDP and labour explain the preservation of the relationship better than political economy or rational exchange models. Resume. Nous considerons les changements apportes aux lois canadiennes sur le financement des partis politiques, lois qui ont banni les donations des syndicats, dans la perspective de leur incidence sur la relation entre le Nouveau Parti democratique (NPD) et les syndicats. Malgre le fait que les nouvelles lois ont necessite une restructuration de la relation entre les deux acteurs, nous avons decouvert la presence d'un engagement continu envers la cooperation. Nous concluons que les interpretations qui mettent l'accent sur l'affinite ideologique entre le NPD et les syndicats expliquent mieux le maintien de cette relation que l'economie politique ou les modeles d'echange rationnel." }, { "paper": "2075227322", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2009", "title": "book review feldman n 2008 the fall and rise of the islamic state princeton nj princeton university press", "label": [ "113522999", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2168386905" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Feldman, N. (2008). The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2169644355", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2009", "title": "precautionary politics principle and practice in confronting environmental risk by kerry whiteside cambridge ma mit press 2006 198p 50 00 cloth 21 00 paper", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2602984152" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Precautionary Politics: Principle and Practice in Confronting Environmental Risk . By Kerry Whiteside. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006. 198p. $50.00 cloth, $21.00 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2589995520", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2009", "title": "political accountability and the room to maneuver a search for a causal chain comparative political studies 41 9 1212 1239 doi 10 1177 0010414007303418", "label": [ "94625758", "2776007630" ], "author": [ "2166200326", "2115540851", "2239792784" ], "reference": [ "1518940614", "2085308386", "2093767620" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political accountability and the room to maneuver: A search for a causal chain (Comparative Political Studies 41:9 (1212-1239) DOI: 10.1177/ 0010414007303418)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2151408327", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2009", "title": "book review kang d 2007 china rising peace power and order in east asia new york columbia university press", "label": [ "99000247", "76775654", "2779354276", "191935318", "2776051254", "186780021" ], "author": [ "2046538842" ], "reference": [ "2076969551" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Kang, D. (2007). China Rising: Peace, Power, and Order in East Asia. New York: Columbia University Press", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2015059130", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "venezuelan science government on course", "label": [ "148834064", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2098217239" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in his letter venezuelan science at risk 19 june p 1514 1 c bifano speaking on behalf of the venezuelan academy of physical mathematical and natural sciences enumerates their fears for the present and future fate of science and higher education in venezuela i believe that", "title_raw": "Venezuelan science: government on course.", "abstract_raw": "In his Letter (\u201cVenezuelan science at risk,\u201d 19 June, p. [1514][1]), C. Bifano, speaking on behalf of the Venezuelan Academy of Physical, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, enumerates their \u201cfears for the present and future fate of science and higher education\u201d in Venezuela. I believe that" }, { "paper": "2606879612", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2009", "title": "letter from new delhi india s myopic opposition", "label": [ "17058734", "2780668109" ], "author": [ "2605453331" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Letter From New Delhi: India\u2019s Myopic Opposition", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2079598819", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2009", "title": "loyalist women paramilitaries in northern ireland beginning a feminist conversation about conflict resolution", "label": [ "34355311", "109005114", "2777162435", "2778638182", "203133693", "138232368", "21711469" ], "author": [ "2553493464" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "research on war conflict and terrorism has traditionally focused on the motivations of male combatants to participate in political violence such a focus has largely ignored the role of women who wield political violence this article revisits one of feminist international relations ir most basic questions where are the women and encourages an expanded view of security and conflict resolution that asks how combatant women might contribute to current scholarly understanding of conflict and conflict resolution processes i argue that the thirty year conflict remained intractable in part because of the exclusion of those loyalist women who wielded political violence seriously limiting the british and irish governments ability to understand and resolve the conflict included in the analysis is interview data collected in an eight month empirical study conducted by the author in 2006 with thirty women who identify as past or present members or supporters of loyalist paramilitary organizations in nort", "title_raw": "Loyalist Women Paramilitaries in Northern Ireland: Beginning a Feminist Conversation about Conflict Resolution", "abstract_raw": "Research on war, conflict, and terrorism has traditionally focused on the motivations of male combatants to participate in political violence. Such a focus has largely ignored the role of women who wield political violence. This article revisits one of feminist International Relations (IR) most basic questions, \u201cWhere are the women?\u201d and encourages an expanded view of security and conflict resolution that asks how combatant women might contribute to current scholarly understanding of conflict and conflict resolution processes. I argue that the thirty-year conflict remained intractable in part because of the exclusion of those Loyalist women who wielded political violence, seriously limiting the British and Irish governments' ability to understand and resolve the conflict. Included in the analysis is interview data collected in an eight-month empirical study conducted by the author in 2006 with thirty women who identify as past or present members or supporters of Loyalist paramilitary organizations in Nort..." }, { "paper": "2073720195", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "a standardized response to biological invasions", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2808862559", "2341692919", "2125857052", "2139386897", "2164419416", "2235736157" ], "reference": [ "2086504714", "2131657688", "2134244874", "2149983746", "2165677204" ], "abstract": "the policy forum will threat of biological invasions unite the european union p e hulme et al 3 april p 40 1 emphasized the major regulatory and political challenges faced by european institutions however they are not alone in facing the tremendous threat of biological invasions", "title_raw": "A standardized response to biological invasions.", "abstract_raw": "The Policy Forum \u201cWill threat of biological invasions unite the European Union?\u201d (P. E. Hulme et al. , 3 April, p. [40][1]) emphasized the major regulatory and political challenges faced by European institutions. However, they are not alone in facing the tremendous threat of biological invasions" }, { "paper": "2114959356", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2009", "title": "eu identification and endorsement in context the importance of regional identity salience", "label": [ "134698397" ], "author": [ "1949682479", "1915478063", "2005510664" ], "reference": [ "1969977871", "1970159903", "1970813103", "2011199977", "2019258777", "2023917904", "2031575391", "2037222471", "2046622410", "2063840234", "2086474886", "2093484789", "2098212537", "2101457337", "2104000083", "2121903802", "2133462484", "2134001068", "2142608625", "2149290623", "2149364654", "2162790252", "2164350974", "2171424306", "2241388345", "3121251794", "3122911573" ], "abstract": "public opinion research has increased our understanding of the variables affecting endorsement of eu integration what is less well understood is how comparative identity processes shape eu identification drawing on social identity principles we argue that eu identification is in part affected by tensions between relevant subgroup identities to illustrate this point two studies were conducted in uk regions wales and cornwall findings confirm our prediction that a comparative context affects eu identity and indicate a that levels of eu identity were higher in contexts where regional identity was salient and b that regional identity affected the bases and meaning of eu identification and eu endorsement discussion highlights the importance of taking context and intergroup relations into account when examining eu attitudes", "title_raw": "EU identification and endorsement in context: The importance of regional identity salience", "abstract_raw": "Public opinion research has increased our understanding of the variables affecting endorsement of EU integration. What is less well understood is how comparative identity processes shape EU identification. Drawing on social identity principles, we argue that EU identification is in part affected by tensions between relevant subgroup identities. To illustrate this point, two studies were conducted in UK regions (Wales and Cornwall). Findings confirm our prediction that a comparative context affects EU identity and indicate (a) that levels of EU identity were higher in contexts where regional identity was salient, and (b) that regional identity affected the bases and meaning of EU identification and EU endorsement. Discussion highlights the importance of taking context and intergroup relations into account when examining EU attitudes." }, { "paper": "2001410560", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2009", "title": "the dynamics of partisan conflict on congressional approval", "label": [ "522562087", "125505783", "2776946740", "3116431", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2144849484" ], "reference": [ "95529087", "645974420", "1481749143", "1515771701", "1521718123", "1521934078", "1596896887", "1894682158", "1982968626", "1987912231", "1992503224", "1993465240", "1993683339", "1996164053", "2005842391", "2013678653", "2015732314", "2018291456", "2025548740", "2026486569", "2027261076", "2032122124", "2037515127", "2055970067", "2065541420", "2067440292", "2068696179", "2071945695", "2072533584", "2075363045", "2077781996", "2083473657", "2086684689", "2088396682", "2091020207", "2095609712", "2106565367", "2116160928", "2119056163", "2122435723", "2123295839", "2149173037", "2157979842", "2165491342", "2320454535", "2321183972", "2323922183", "2324835185", "2325686429", "2330530058", "2334633004", "2495678321", "2800659152", "3043975471" ], "abstract": "partisan divisions in american politics have been increasing since the 1970s following a period where scholars thought parties were in decline this polarization is observed most frequently within the debates and deliberation across issues within congress given that most studies of public opinion place the behavior of elites at the center of public attitudes surprisingly little research examines the effect of partisan conflict on the mass public this research examines quarterly congressional approval data from 1974 to 2000 to determine the consequences if any of party conflict on the dynamics of congressional approval the findings indicate that over time changes in partisan conflict within congress have a direct and lasting effect on how citizens think about congress", "title_raw": "The Dynamics of Partisan Conflict on Congressional Approval", "abstract_raw": "Partisan divisions in American politics have been increasing since the 1970s following a period where scholars thought parties were in decline. This polarization is observed most frequently within the debates and deliberation across issues within Congress. Given that most studies of public opinion place the behavior of elites at the center of public attitudes, surprisingly little research examines the effect of partisan conflict on the mass public. This research examines quarterly congressional approval data from 1974 to 2000 to determine the consequences, if any, of party conflict on the dynamics of congressional approval. The findings indicate that over-time changes in partisan conflict within Congress have a direct and lasting effect on how citizens think about Congress." }, { "paper": "1971126018", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2009", "title": "the application of neofunctionalism to the enlargement process the case of turkey", "label": [ "2780668109" ], "author": [ "2119891348" ], "reference": [ "115014430", "154845726", "187396648", "1580396000", "1980265237", "2014683634", "2036996902", "2137126065", "2149429064", "2609360673" ], "abstract": "this article examines turkey s eu accession process from a neofunctionalist viewpoint in an attempt to understand why it has proceeded so far despite considerable opposition from some of the member states it argues that although neofunctionalist spillover can account for this the eventual outcome is still far from certain", "title_raw": "The Application of Neofunctionalism to the Enlargement Process: The Case of Turkey", "abstract_raw": "This article examines Turkey's EU accession process from a neofunctionalist viewpoint in an attempt to understand why it has proceeded so far despite considerable opposition from some of the Member States. It argues that, although neofunctionalist spillover can account for this, the eventual outcome is still far from certain." }, { "paper": "2059584902", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "in holland the public face of flu takes a hit", "label": [ "2780849931", "48798503" ], "author": [ "1621321188" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "virologyfor the past 6 months one could barely switch on the television in the netherlands without seeing the face of famed virus hunter albert osterhaus talking about the swine flu pandemic or so it has seemed osterhaus who runs an internationally renowned virus lab at erasmus medical center has been mr flu but last week his reputation took a nosedive after it was alleged that he has been stoking pandemic fears to promote his own business interests in vaccine development as science went to press the dutch house of representatives had even slated an emergency debate about the matter", "title_raw": "In Holland, the Public Face of Flu Takes a Hit", "abstract_raw": "VirologyFor the past 6 months, one could barely switch on the television in the Netherlands without seeing the face of famed virus hunter Albert Osterhaus talking about the swine flu pandemic. Or so it has seemed. Osterhaus, who runs an internationally renowned virus lab at Erasmus Medical Center, has been Mr. Flu. But last week, his reputation took a nosedive after it was alleged that he has been stoking pandemic fears to promote his own business interests in vaccine development. As Science went to press, the Dutch House of Representatives had even slated an emergency debate about the matter." }, { "paper": "1964341986", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2009", "title": "fighting and drought worsen somalia s humanitarian crisis", "label": [ "2777742874", "13934251" ], "author": [ "1941057211" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "recent fighting in mogadishu has internally displaced some 1 5 million somalis another 1 4 million people are in need of food aid due to an ongoing drought wairagala wakabi reports", "title_raw": "Fighting and drought worsen Somalia's humanitarian crisis", "abstract_raw": "Recent fighting in Mogadishu has internally displaced some 1.5 million Somalis. Another 1\u00b74 million people are in need of food aid due to an ongoing drought. Wairagala Wakabi reports." }, { "paper": "3121871034", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2009", "title": "the multi faceted role of religious actors in democratization processes empirical evidence from five young democracies", "label": [ "94625758", "2779111050", "111021475", "555826173", "2780844005", "17058734", "65414064", "68346564" ], "author": [ "1923902329", "2117559857" ], "reference": [ "392099225", "610350986", "625480808", "629051542", "647192745", "1486479999", "1533369859", "1548629526", "1549005461", "1601305942", "1963607769", "1963956825", "1965217193", "1967654433", "1973853826", "2043045527", "2043409025", "2068731928", "2087869490", "2087933684", "2129061463", "2129151844", "2284203392", "2315605050", "2484462200", "2567410182", "2736548751", "3124322728" ], "abstract": "the article comparatively investigates the role of religious actors in the democratization processes of five young democracies from the catholic protestant christian orthodox and muslim world west germany after world war ii 1945 1969 georgia and ukraine post 1987 9 mali post 1987 and indonesia from 1998 the analysis provides an overview of the roles religious actors played in the erosion of authoritarian rule the transition to democracy and subsequent democratic consolidation processes as well as de democratization processes our three paired comparisons including one in country comparison show that the condition which most affected the role of religious actors in all three phases of democratic transitions was the de facto autonomy they enjoyed vis a vis the political regime as well as the organizational form these actors took their aims means and the political significance of their theology were highly dependent on the extent to which they benefitted from de facto autonomy within the", "title_raw": "The multi-faceted role of religious actors in democratization processes: empirical evidence from five young democracies", "abstract_raw": "The article comparatively investigates the role of religious actors in the democratization processes of five \u2018young\u2019 democracies from the Catholic, Protestant, Christian-Orthodox and Muslim world: West Germany after World War II (1945\u20131969), Georgia and Ukraine post-1987/9, Mali (post-1987), and Indonesia from 1998. The analysis provides an overview of the roles religious actors played in the erosion of authoritarian rule, the transition to democracy and subsequent democratic consolidation processes, as well as de-democratization processes. Our three paired comparisons, including one in-country comparison, show that the condition which most affected the role of religious actors in all three phases of democratic transitions was the de facto autonomy they enjoyed vis-a-vis the political regime as well as the organizational form these actors took. Their aims, means, and the political significance of their theology were highly dependent on the extent to which they benefitted from de facto autonomy within the ..." }, { "paper": "2917067050", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2009", "title": "armed conflicts 1946 2008", "label": [ "187155963" ], "author": [ "114931181", "2006890218" ], "reference": [ "2026715125" ], "abstract": "in 2008 the number of active armed conflicts was 36 up by one from 2007 over the past few years the number of active conflicts has not seen any drastic changes from one year to the next however the number of armed conflicts has increased by nearly one quarter since 2003 which was the year with the lowest number of active armed conflicts since the 1970s while the number of conflicts continued to increase the number of wars i e conflicts with over 1 000 battle related deaths remained at a very low level with only five recorded for 2008 four conflicts listed in 2007 were no longer active in 2008 but during the year two conflicts were restarted by previously recorded actors in burundi and in georgia furthermore three new conflicts erupted one of which was fought between states djibouti eritrea thus the record long four year interlude 2004 07 with no interstate conflict was broken", "title_raw": "Armed Conflicts, 1946\u20142008", "abstract_raw": "In 2008, the number of active armed conflicts was 36, up by one from 2007. Over the past few years, the number of active conflicts has not seen any drastic changes from one year to the next. However, the number of armed conflicts has increased by nearly one-quarter since 2003, which was the year with the lowest number of active armed conflicts since the 1970s. While the number of conflicts continued to increase, the number of wars (i.e. conflicts with over 1,000 battle-related deaths) remained at a very low level, with only five recorded for 2008. Four conflicts listed in 2007 were no longer active in 2008, but during the year, two conflicts were restarted by previously recorded actors (in Burundi and in Georgia). Furthermore, three new conflicts erupted, one of which was fought between states (Djibouti\u2014Eritrea). Thus, the record-long four-year interlude 2004\u201407 with no interstate conflict was broken." }, { "paper": "1966928137", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2009", "title": "global health research architecture time for mergers", "label": [ "46578552", "138368954" ], "author": [ "2893822646", "2100162662", "2138790519", "2654041880" ], "reference": [ "418780217", "1495253445", "2255991573" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Global-health research architecture--time for mergers?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2017102566", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2009", "title": "media concentration and democracy why ownership matters by c edwin baker new york cambridge university press 2006 272p 73 00 cloth 24 99 paper post broadcast democracy how media choice increases inequality in political involvement and polarizes elections by markus prior new york cambridge university press 2007 336p 89 00 cloth 27 99 paper", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2558257560" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Media Concentration and Democracy: Why Ownership Matters. By C. Edwin Baker. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2006. 272p. $73.00 cloth, $24.99 paper.Post-Broadcast Democracy: How Media Choice Increases Inequality in Political Involvement and Polarizes Elections. By Markus Prior. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2007. 336p. $89.00 cloth, $27.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2015396040", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2009", "title": "state of the union delivering a europe of results in a harsh economic climate", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2942421007" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "State of the Union: Delivering a \u2018Europe of Results\u2019 in a Harsh Economic Climate", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1983631513", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2009", "title": "rill helena tamara smidling ana bitoljanu eds 2007 20 pieces of encouragement for awakening and change peacebuilding in the region of the former yugoslavia belgrade sarajevo centre for nonviolent action 349 pp isbn 9788690253968", "label": [ "2781395907" ], "author": [ "2632126598" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "\u25a0 Rill, Helena; Tamara Smidling & Ana Bitoljanu, eds, 2007. 20 Pieces of Encouragement for Awakening and Change: Peacebuilding in the Region of the Former Yugoslavia. Belgrade & Sarajevo: Centre for Nonviolent Action. 349 pp. ISBN 9788690253968:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2051253157", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2009", "title": "good grades but who gets the cash", "label": [ "39549134", "2777861003", "2775987171", "2777352838" ], "author": [ "2161771400" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "britain s research assessment exercise finds excellence more widespread than a focus on elite institutions would suggest", "title_raw": "Good grades, but who gets the cash?", "abstract_raw": "Britain's Research Assessment Exercise finds excellence more widespread than a focus on elite institutions would suggest." }, { "paper": "2072202930", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2009", "title": "sweden outlines its research ambitions", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2027135640" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sweden outlines its research ambitions", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2561768671", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2009", "title": "two s company", "label": [ "99000247", "76775654", "186780021", "191935318" ], "author": [ "3109531844" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Two's Company", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2385215184", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2009", "title": "an investigation on causes of problems existing in student affairs in china", "label": [ "2781405653", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2640805180" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "adopting the self designed questionnaire survey on causes of urgent problems existing in current student affairs teachers version and students version this research investigates different groups view on causes of urgent student affairs problems in 20 universities and colleges in beijing the findings show that different people have different views on this issue therefore the authors strongly suggest that it is very important to make diversified policies for different groups while we try to expand the function of student affairs professionalize student affairs promote students all round development", "title_raw": "An investigation on causes of problems existing in student affairs in China", "abstract_raw": "Adopting the self-designed questionnaire \"Survey on causes of urgent problems existing in current student affairs(teachers' version and students' version)\",this research investigates different groups' view on causes of urgent student affairs problems in 20 universities and colleges in Beijing.The findings show that different people have different views on this issue.Therefore,the authors strongly suggest that it is very important to make diversified policies for different groups,while we try to expand the function of student affairs,professionalize student affairs,promote students' all-round development." }, { "paper": "2369883438", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2009", "title": "the influence of higher education internationalization on the development of chinese higher education", "label": [ "63504599", "120912362", "2779533120", "191935318", "2778011250" ], "author": [ "2095703216" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "with rapid development of the economic globalization information society and knowledge based economy internationalization of higher education becomes the leading characteristic and important trend of higher education development in many countries including china internationalization of higher education brings opportunity as well as serious challenge to chinese higher education we should think about and deal with the influence of internationalization of higher education on chinese higher education to ensure its healthy development", "title_raw": "The influence of higher education internationalization on the development of Chinese higher education", "abstract_raw": "With rapid development of the economic globalization, information society and knowledge-based economy, internationalization of higher education becomes the leading characteristic and important trend of higher education development in many countries including China. Internationalization of higher education brings opportunity as well as serious challenge to Chinese higher education. We should think about and deal with the influence of internationalization of higher education on Chinese higher education to ensure its healthy development." }, { "paper": "2068926948", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2009", "title": "coping with a two dimensional political space party mobilisation in referendums on european integration", "label": [ "2779010840", "2777094542", "94625758", "2781462389", "199539241", "2779015535" ], "author": [ "2170288219" ], "reference": [ "212744025", "1524003714", "1964525343", "1966989238", "1987987585", "1991351446", "1993545180", "1998129312", "2008443202", "2008533106", "2009526573", "2016257676", "2018972251", "2019925238", "2020270587", "2020316456", "2027408464", "2030513728", "2051988709", "2052258485", "2063840234", "2066483950", "2082707102", "2085400425", "2087321963", "2095691819", "2098380371", "2098706230", "2100913312", "2120231295", "2122628587", "2142390389", "2143755459", "2145358148", "2151036724", "2151156019", "2153031274", "2155808722", "2159873824", "2165199895", "2252687155", "2397941022", "3123226604" ], "abstract": "european union referendums invite national electorates to vote on transnational cooperation and regional integration thereby creating tension between transnational ballot issues and domestic electoral mobilisation because of the tension domestic political parties are forced to confront a two dimensional political space in eu referendums in the referendum generated political space unless integration issues are more salient than domestic concerns intra divided and inter converged mainstream parties tend strategically to abstain from the campaigns yet explicit inter party collusion may allow the pro integration mainstream to form a party cartel in eu referendums suggestive evidence is drawn from a case study of the two irish referendums on the nice treaty based on a party candidate survey irish parties are mapped onto a latent two dimensional political space the findings shed new light on the initial abstention of irish mainstream parties in the first nice campaign and their subsequent mobilisation in the second referendum", "title_raw": "Coping with a two-dimensional political space: Party mobilisation in referendums on European integration", "abstract_raw": "European Union referendums invite national electorates to vote on transnational cooperation and regional integration, thereby creating tension between transnational ballot issues and domestic electoral mobilisation. Because of the tension, domestic political parties are forced to confront a two-dimensional political space in EU referendums. In the referendum-generated political space, unless integration issues are more salient than domestic concerns, intra-divided and inter-converged mainstream parties tend strategically to abstain from the campaigns. Yet, explicit inter-party collusion may allow the pro-integration mainstream to form a party cartel in EU referendums. Suggestive evidence is drawn from a case study of the two Irish referendums on the Nice Treaty. Based on a party-candidate survey, Irish parties are mapped onto a latent two-dimensional political space. The findings shed new light on the initial abstention of Irish mainstream parties in the first Nice campaign and their subsequent mobilisation in the second referendum." }, { "paper": "2072602376", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "current brazilian law on animal experimentation", "label": [ "2776007630", "148834064", "2777351106", "61521584", "2777006572", "107645774", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2154916318", "2653682559", "2279982644", "2129809716" ], "reference": [ "1491985277" ], "abstract": "last year science published a story on the brazilian scientific community s battle against a series of local attempts to ban laboratory animal experimentation and the hope for a federal law addressing laboratory animal research that would put a stop to such local bans 1 1 the brazilian federal law on animal experimentation law 11794 was enacted on 8 october 2008 law 11794 establishes procedures for the scientific use of animals and abrogates the previous law 6638 1979 which was ineffective because it was not regulated by the brazilian executive power without regulation many issues remained ill defined including operational procedures and responsibilities such as licensing accreditation and institutional compliance inspection the new law states that scientific research activities include basic and applied science technological development production and quality control of drugs and medications food immunobiological agents and instruments tested on animals the law does not extend to the procedures applied to animal experimentation in the course of veterinary agricultural or laboratory animal husbandry practices and procedures for the identification of animals for scientific purposes should they cause no lasting harm only universities and biomedical technical schools are entitled to use laboratory animals in teaching the term biomedical is not defined within the text of the law which may generate difficulties given that it does not have a specific meaning in the context of education law 11794 does not indicate whether animal experimentation is allowed by students under 18 years old unlike law 6638 1979 law 11794 establishes the national animal experimentation control board concea under the presidency of the ministry of science and technology mct law 11794 does not clearly specify in which ministry concea as a public administrative unit belongs that is there is no legal disposition tying concea to the mct this means that concea will have difficulties implementing its norms procedures and resolutions due to lack of ministerial power only institutions accredited by concea can breed or use laboratory animals for teaching and research concea is primarily an advisory body and its powers are limited concea accreditation requires the previous establishment of an ethics committee on the use of animals ceua by the license seeking institution ceua is the body formally responsible for the care and use of research and teaching animals within the institution all proposals involving laboratory animals have to be submitted and reviewed by ceua which has the authority to halt any teaching or research practice that does not comply with the legislation ceua must ensure that the facility standards and the care of animals are in accordance with concea resolutions the committee is composed of veterinarians and biologists professors and researchers of a specific area and one representative of a legally established animal protection society within the country the number of members is left open with exception of the mandatory animal protection society member considering the heterogeneous geographical distributions of researchers within the brazilian territory a large variability in the number and profile of ceua members among institutions is expected which is problematic it is ceua s duty to keep an institutional database of researchers and procedures that use laboratory animals in research and teaching and to report the data to concea law 11794 does not mention whether the information retrieved by concea will be made available to the public the value of public access to information has been stressed by the federal constitution article 5 xxxiii accountability and transparency in animal experimentation are practices yet to be learned by brazilian research institutions and governmental bodies the changing process will demand from concea and ceua communication skills far above those previously required law 11794 places less emphasis on alternatives to animal experimentation than was previously treated legislatively and is expected by the animal protection societies a requirement that animal experimentation projects must demonstrate the relevance of their results for the progress of science and show that alternative equally effective methods do not exist was also deleted from one of the substitutive bills proposed for brazilian scientists law 11794 undoubtedly represents improvement it can also support the democratic process of closing the gap between science and society nevertheless its limits and potentialities will depend on the regulatory process in progress the challenging issues that were left open by law 11794 may lead to subjective interpretation of its content in addition the adoption of research practices that take into account animal welfare will depend on a government long term action plan regarding the many and complex aspects related to human resources training and education on animal care management and housing animal research facilities replacement techniques on animal experimentation and communication and information systems 1 2 1 m enserink science 319 1319 2008 openurl 3 abstract free full text 4 1 ref 1 2 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 3 openurl query rft jtitle 253dscience 26rft stitle 253dscience 26rft aulast 253denserink 26rft auinit1 253dm 26rft volume 253d319 26rft issue 253d5868 26rft spage 253d1319 26rft epage 253d1319 26rft atitle 253danimal 2brights 253a 2bbrazilian 2bscientists 2bbattle 2banimal 2bexperimentation 2bbans 26rft id 253dinfo 253adoi 252f10 1126 252fscience 319 5868 1319 26rft id 253dinfo 253apmid 252f18323421 26rft genre 253darticle 26rft val fmt 253dinfo 253aofi 252ffmt 253akev 253amtx 253ajournal 26ctx ver 253dz39 88 2004 26url ver 253dz39 88 2004 26url ctx fmt 253dinfo 253aofi 252ffmt 253akev 253amtx 253actx 4 lookup ijlink ytozontzojq6inbhdggio3m6mtq6ii9sb29rdxavawpsaw5rijtzoju6inf1zxj5ijthojq6e3m6odoibglua1r5cguio3m6ndoiqujtvci7czoxmtoiam91cm5hbenvzguio3m6mzoic2npijtzoju6injlc2lkijtzojezoiizmtkvntg2oc8xmze5ijtzojq6imf0b20io3m6mjm6ii9zy2kvmzi0lzu5mzuvmty0my5hdg9tijt9czo4oijmcmfnbwvudci7czowoiiio30", "title_raw": "Current Brazilian Law on Animal Experimentation", "abstract_raw": "Last year, Science published a story on the Brazilian scientific community's battle against a series of local attempts to ban laboratory animal experimentation and the hope for a federal law addressing laboratory animal research that would put a stop to such local bans ([ 1 ][1]). The Brazilian Federal Law on Animal Experimentation (Law 11794) was enacted on 8 October 2008.\n\nLaw 11794 establishes procedures for the scientific use of animals and abrogates the previous Law 6638/1979, which was ineffective because it was not regulated by the Brazilian Executive Power. Without regulation, many issues remained ill-defined, including operational procedures and responsibilities such as licensing, accreditation, and institutional compliance inspection. The new law states that scientific research activities include basic and applied science, technological development, production and quality control of drugs and medications, food, immunobiological agents, and instruments tested on animals. The law does not extend to the procedures applied to animal experimentation in the course of veterinary, agricultural, or laboratory animal husbandry practices and procedures for the identification of animals for scientific purposes, should they cause no lasting harm.\n\nOnly universities and biomedical technical schools are entitled to use laboratory animals in teaching. The term \u201cbiomedical\u201d is not defined within the text of the Law, which may generate difficulties given that it does not have a specific meaning in the context of education. Law 11794 does not indicate whether animal experimentation is allowed by students under 18 years old, unlike Law 6638/1979.\n\nLaw 11794 establishes The National Animal Experimentation Control Board (CONCEA), under the presidency of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT). Law 11794 does not clearly specify in which ministry CONCEA, as a public administrative unit, belongs. That is, there is no legal disposition tying CONCEA to the MCT. This means that CONCEA will have difficulties implementing its norms, procedures, and resolutions due to lack of ministerial power.\n\nOnly institutions accredited by CONCEA can breed or use laboratory animals for teaching and research. CONCEA is primarily an advisory body, and its powers are limited. CONCEA accreditation requires the previous establishment of an ethics committee on the use of animals (CEUA) by the license-seeking institution. CEUA is the body formally responsible for the care and use of research and teaching animals within the institution. All proposals involving laboratory animals have to be submitted and reviewed by CEUA, which has the authority to halt any teaching or research practice that does not comply with the legislation. CEUA must ensure that the facility standards and the care of animals are in accordance with CONCEA resolutions. The Committee is composed of veterinarians and biologists, professors and researchers of a specific area, and one representative of a legally established Animal Protection Society within the country. The number of members is left open with exception of the mandatory Animal Protection Society member. Considering the heterogeneous geographical distributions of researchers within the Brazilian Territory, a large variability in the number and profile of CEUA members among institutions is expected, which is problematic.\n\nIt is CEUA's duty to keep an institutional database of researchers and procedures that use laboratory animals in research and teaching and to report the data to CONCEA. Law 11794 does not mention whether the information retrieved by CONCEA will be made available to the public. The value of public access to information has been stressed by the Federal Constitution (Article 5, XXXIII). Accountability and transparency in animal experimentation are practices yet to be learned by Brazilian research institutions and governmental bodies. The changing process will demand from CONCEA and CEUA communication skills far above those previously required.\n\nLaw 11794 places less emphasis on alternatives to animal experimentation than was previously treated legislatively and is expected by the Animal Protection Societies. A requirement that animal experimentation projects must demonstrate the relevance of their results for the progress of science and show that alternative, equally effective methods do not exist was also deleted from one of the substitutive bills proposed.\n\nFor Brazilian scientists, Law 11794 undoubtedly represents improvement. It can also support the democratic process of closing the gap between science and society. Nevertheless, its limits and potentialities will depend on the regulatory process in progress. The challenging issues that were left open by Law 11794 may lead to subjective interpretation of its content. In addition, the adoption of research practices that take into account animal welfare will depend on a government long-term action plan regarding the many and complex aspects related to human resources, training and education on animal care, management and housing, animal research facilities, replacement techniques on animal experimentation, and communication and information systems.\n\n1. [\u21b5][2]1. M. Enserink\n , Science 319, 1319 (2008).\n [OpenUrl][3][Abstract/FREE Full Text][4]\n\n [1]: #ref-1\n [2]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1 in text\"\n [3]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.stitle%253DScience%26rft.aulast%253DEnserink%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%26rft.volume%253D319%26rft.issue%253D5868%26rft.spage%253D1319%26rft.epage%253D1319%26rft.atitle%253DANIMAL%2BRIGHTS%253A%2BBrazilian%2BScientists%2BBattle%2BAnimal%2BExperimentation%2BBans%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.319.5868.1319%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F18323421%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\n [4]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6Mzoic2NpIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjEzOiIzMTkvNTg2OC8xMzE5IjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MjM6Ii9zY2kvMzI0LzU5MzUvMTY0My5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=" }, { "paper": "1543591665", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "influenza making privileged data public response", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2170465488", "2013963948", "2278966062", "2071868534", "2680360417", "2875091696", "2111588920", "2012747027", "2311912406", "2168311971", "11549829", "1969130847", "601640430", "288022823", "2142290638", "2109961709", "2133255215" ], "reference": [ "2020891730", "2026494703", "2117002055", "2119950877", "2156537900" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Influenza: Making Privileged Data Public Response", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2142439454", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2009", "title": "andrew gelman david park boris shor joseph bafumi and jeronimo cortina red state blue state rich state poor state why americans vote the way they do", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2168869293" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Andrew Gelman, David Park, Boris Shor, Joseph Bafumi, and Jeronimo Cortina. Red State, Blue State, Rich State, Poor State: Why Americans Vote the Way They Do", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2133320540", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2009", "title": "are two or three or four or nine heads better than one collaboration multidisciplinarity and publishability", "label": [ "8795937", "22467394" ], "author": [ "181966031" ], "reference": [ "1546171873", "1964140308", "1978218666", "2018713785", "2056706006", "2070013757", "2071927890", "2074975096", "2075407987", "2089644168", "2095654288", "2528812093", "3125937743" ], "abstract": "although collaborative research has become much more common in the social sciences including political science little is known about the consequences of collaboration this article uses papers submitted to the american political science review to assess whether the widely acknowledged benefits of collaboration produced papers that were more likely to be accepted for publication the results indicate that collaboration per se made little or no difference but that the disciplinary configuration of the authors did result in differences in the success of these submissions", "title_raw": "Are Two (or Three or Four .... or Nine) Heads Better than One? Collaboration, Multidisciplinarity, and Publishability.", "abstract_raw": "Although collaborative research has become much more common in the social sciences, including political science, little is known about the consequences of collaboration. This article uses papers submitted to the American Political Science Review to assess whether the widely acknowledged benefits of collaboration produced papers that were more likely to be accepted for publication. The results indicate that collaboration per se made little or no difference, but that the disciplinary configuration of the authors did result in differences in the success of these submissions." }, { "paper": "1968411319", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2009", "title": "the waiver power of the wto opening the wto for political debate on the reconciliation of competing interests", "label": [ "199539241", "2776949292", "2776573520", "2777543875", "2776051254", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2803928732" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article analyses the potential of the wto waiver as a legal instrument to reconcile conflicting norms and interests it is argued that conflicts between wto law and other international legal regimes are often an expression of underlying conflicts of interest and that these should be addressed in political processes the article proposes that the waiver process has the potential to become a forum for political debate which is open not only to economic interests but also to other public interests and perspectives the waiver decision which concludes such a process can provide a solution to conflicts of interest either by modifying the existing rules of wto law or by limiting the wto s jurisdiction in favour of another international legal regime these theses are explored with reference to the trips and kimberley waiver decisions", "title_raw": "The Waiver Power of the WTO: Opening the WTO for Political Debate on the Reconciliation of Competing Interests", "abstract_raw": "This article analyses the potential of the WTO waiver as a legal instrument to reconcile conflicting norms and interests. It is argued that conflicts between WTO law and other international legal regimes are often an expression of underlying conflicts of interest and that these should be addressed in political processes. The article proposes that the waiver process has the potential to become a forum for political debate which is open not only to economic interests, but also to other public interests and perspectives. The waiver decision which concludes such a process can provide a solution to conflicts of interest either by modifying the existing rules of WTO law or by limiting the WTO's jurisdiction in favour of another international legal regime. These theses are explored with reference to the TRIPS and Kimberley waiver decisions." }, { "paper": "2143589493", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2009", "title": "thai politics as reality tv", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758", "148834064", "2778431023", "2779438827" ], "author": [ "201442254" ], "reference": [ "1561206106", "2030118513", "2046049963", "2064892042" ], "abstract": "early in the morning of august 26 2008 a large group of stick wielding black shirted masked men forced their way into the studios of bangkok s nbt television station briefly detaining a number of staff once inside they flung open the main doors allowing several hundred more yellow shirted protestors from the people s alliance for democracy pad inside other pad supporters occupied the grounds of the station nbt the channel of the government s public relations department prd formerly known as channel 11 was held by the pad for around twelve hours during this time rogue engineers tried unsuccessfully to channel their illegal but wildly popular astv television signal through the nbt network defeated by the technical challenges the protestors gave up their occupation of nbt returning to government house the office of the thai prime minister that same afternoon pad supporters had climbed the fence of government house and occupied the compound surrounding the italianate khu fa building", "title_raw": "Thai Politics as Reality TV", "abstract_raw": "Early in the morning of August 26, 2008, a large group of stick-wielding, black-shirted masked men forced their way into the studios of Bangkok's NBT television station, briefly detaining a number of staff. Once inside, they flung open the main doors, allowing several hundred more yellow-shirted protestors from the People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) inside. Other PAD supporters occupied the grounds of the station. NBT, the channel of the government's Public Relations Department (PRD) formerly known as Channel 11, was held by the PAD for around twelve hours. During this time, rogue engineers tried unsuccessfully to channel their illegal\u2014but wildly popular\u2014ASTV television signal through the NBT network. Defeated by the technical challenges, the protestors gave up their occupation of NBT, returning to Government House, the office of the Thai prime minister. That same afternoon, PAD supporters had climbed the fence of Government House and occupied the compound surrounding the Italianate Khu Fa building." }, { "paper": "2578966482", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2009", "title": "the perils of federalism race poverty and the politics of crime control", "label": [ "189326681", "533735693", "2776157319", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "194357377" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Perils of Federalism: Race, Poverty, and the Politics of Crime Control", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1559006071", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "africa madagascar s coup endangers science and scientists", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2303441720" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the government of madagascar was toppled last week in a bloody military coup that is playing havoc with the research efforts and lives of the many scientists studying the island9s rich biodiversity", "title_raw": "AFRICA: Madagascar's Coup Endangers Science and Scientists", "abstract_raw": "The government of Madagascar was toppled last week in a bloody military coup that is playing havoc with the research efforts, and lives, of the many scientists studying the island9s rich biodiversity." }, { "paper": "2068651141", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2009", "title": "crisis communication strategies in the media coverage of chemical accidents", "label": [ "39549134", "48798503", "2776058685" ], "author": [ "2426908987" ], "reference": [ "228121439", "630832563", "1548352164", "1603489068", "1983646924", "2038057831", "2057305085", "2078189847", "2169262105", "2169399557" ], "abstract": "two studies examine media reports of chemical accident crises to explore the extent to which crisis communication strategies are included study 1 found that although reputation repair strategies were rarely included about 1 4 of the reports included some combination of information giving strategies attributed to organizational spokespersons first responders were quoted more frequently than organizational representatives study 2 examined follow up stories associated with the initial reports and revealed that although reputation repair and information giving strategies appeared more frequently than in study 1 they were only used in 24 and 60 of the cases respectively overall organizational spokespersons were not featured prominently in the media reports", "title_raw": "Crisis Communication Strategies in the Media Coverage of Chemical Accidents", "abstract_raw": "Two studies examine media reports of chemical accident crises to explore the extent to which crisis communication strategies are included. Study 1 found that although reputation repair strategies were rarely included, about 1/4 of the reports included some combination of information-giving strategies attributed to organizational spokespersons. First responders were quoted more frequently than organizational representatives. Study 2 examined follow-up stories associated with the initial reports and revealed that, although reputation repair and information giving strategies appeared more frequently than in Study 1, they were only used in 24% and 60% of the cases, respectively. Overall, organizational spokespersons were not featured prominently in the media reports." }, { "paper": "1973675398", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2009", "title": "peer review and impact statements vital to uk research", "label": [ "110754006", "138368954" ], "author": [ "2504236550" ], "reference": [ "2068764095" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Peer review and impact statements vital to UK research", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2119203085", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2009", "title": "the unanimous decisions of the supreme court of canada as a test of the attitudinal model", "label": [ "2781423480", "2778272461", "2778521920", "199539241" ], "author": [ "293410705", "262764069" ], "reference": [ "217762853", "622747683", "626422167", "636383266", "1475310598", "1500826514", "1557416312", "1587375510", "1601932397", "2015110286", "2015890179", "2020852836", "2023289745", "2027107936", "2039768080", "2053129139", "2094736317", "2102281821", "2108509958", "2109743217", "2126062647", "2127212138", "2155525012", "2163603590", "2171210171", "2315662120", "2488492366", "2800107390" ], "abstract": "abstract most of the empirical work on the decision making of justices on the supreme court of canada has taken as its exclusive focus the divided decisions of the court in contrast to this extensive body of research on divided decision the much more limited knowledge of unanimous decisions is troubling because such decisions constitute nearly three quarters of all of the formal decisions of the court the analysis reported below provides a first step towards understanding the neglected nature of unanimous decisions this investigation of the nature and causes of unanimity in the supreme court of canada explores two competing explanations one drawn from the most widely accepted general explanation of judicial voting that is the attitudinal model and the other from the perspectives of the justices themselves to determine that perspective the author interviewed ten of the current or recent justices on the court after describing these two alternative accounts of unanimity empirical tests are conducted of the implications of each view we find substantially more support for the perspectives of the justices than for the perspective derived from the attitudinal model on unanimity resume la majeure partie du travail de recherche empirique portant sur la maniere dont les juges de la cour supreme du canada prennent leurs decisions se concentre exclusivement sur les decisions divisees de cette institution en contraste avec cette foison d etudes sur les decisions divisees le corpus beaucoup plus limite de connaissances sur les decisions unanimes pose un probleme important car celles ci representent presque les trois quarts de la totalite des decisions formelles de la cour supreme l analyse presentee ci dessous se veut un premier pas vers une meilleure connaissance de la nature trop negligee jusqu a present de ces decisions unanimes cette investigation sur la nature et les causes de l unanimite dans les decisions de la cour supreme du canada explore deux voies se trouvant en competition l une qui resulte de l explication la plus largement acceptee du vote judiciaire soit le modele attitudinal et l autre qui decoule de la perspective personnelle des juges pour elucider cette perspective propre des juges les auteurs ont interviewe dix juges actuels et recents de la cour supreme du canada apres avoir decrit ces deux explications alternatives de l unanimite ils effectuent des tests empiriques sur les implications respectives du modele attitudinal et des perspectives propres des juges l etude revele que les perspectives propres des juges ont beaucoup plus de poids que la perspective derivee du modele attitudinal en ce qui concerne l unanimite", "title_raw": "The Unanimous Decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada as a Test of the Attitudinal Model", "abstract_raw": "Abstract. Most of the empirical work on the decision making of justices on the Supreme Court of Canada has taken as its exclusive focus the divided decisions of the Court. In contrast to this extensive body of research on divided decision, the much more limited knowledge of unanimous decisions is troubling because such decisions constitute nearly three-quarters of all of the formal decisions of the Court. The analysis reported below provides a first step towards understanding the neglected nature of unanimous decisions. This investigation of the nature and causes of unanimity in the Supreme Court of Canada explores two competing explanations: one drawn from the most widely accepted general explanation of judicial voting (that is, the attitudinal model) and the other from the perspectives of the justices themselves. To determine that perspective, the author interviewed ten of the current or recent justices on the Court. After describing these two alternative accounts of unanimity, empirical tests are conducted of the implications of each view. We find substantially more support for the perspectives of the justices than for the perspective derived from the attitudinal model on unanimity. Resume. La majeure partie du travail de recherche empirique portant sur la maniere dont les juges de la Cour supreme du Canada prennent leurs decisions se concentre exclusivement sur les decisions divisees de cette institution. En contraste avec cette foison d'etudes sur les decisions divisees, le corpus beaucoup plus limite de connaissances sur les decisions unanimes pose un probleme important, car celles-ci representent presque les trois quarts de la totalite des decisions formelles de la Cour supreme. L'analyse presentee ci-dessous se veut un premier pas vers une meilleure connaissance de la nature, trop negligee jusqu'a present, de ces decisions unanimes. Cette investigation sur la nature et les causes de l'unanimite dans les decisions de la Cour supreme du Canada explore deux voies se trouvant en competition : l'une qui resulte de l'explication la plus largement acceptee du vote judiciaire (soit le modele attitudinal), et l'autre qui decoule de la perspective personnelle des juges. Pour elucider cette perspective propre des juges, les auteurs ont interviewe dix juges actuels et recents de la Cour supreme du Canada. Apres avoir decrit ces deux explications alternatives de l'unanimite, ils effectuent des tests empiriques sur les implications respectives du modele attitudinal et des perspectives propres des juges. L'etude revele que les perspectives propres des juges ont beaucoup plus de poids que la perspective derivee du modele attitudinal en ce qui concerne l'unanimite." }, { "paper": "2084324324", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2009", "title": "out of cite how reference managers are taking research to the next level", "label": [ "2778805511" ], "author": [ "2279108713", "2096919903" ], "reference": [ "1594958833", "1756548780", "2079955265", "2329648039" ], "abstract": "times change and so do research methods gone are the days of researching with index cards while academics may be slow to adopt emerging citation technology the reference manager field is blazing ahead this article explains what reference managers are addresses their emergence in and potential impact on academe and profiles a newcomer to the field zotero we close by surveying and contrasting zotero s features with those of its staunchest competitors endnote and refworks", "title_raw": "Out of Cite! How Reference Managers Are Taking Research to the Next Level", "abstract_raw": "Times change, and so do research methods; gone are the days of researching with index cards. While academics may be slow to adopt emerging citation technology, the reference manager field is blazing ahead. This article explains what reference managers are, addresses their emergence in and potential impact on academe, and profiles a newcomer to the field: Zotero. We close by surveying and contrasting Zotero's features with those of its staunchest competitors: EndNote and RefWorks." }, { "paper": "2063865807", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2009", "title": "new minister to tackle health reform in germany", "label": [ "3116431", "2776568539" ], "author": [ "1764912543" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "germany s coalition government has appointed a non traditional health minister to deliver its reforms of the country s tradition bound health system samuel loewenberg reports from berlin", "title_raw": "New minister to tackle health reform in Germany.", "abstract_raw": "Germany's coalition government has appointed a non-traditional health minister to deliver its reforms of the country's tradition-bound health system. Samuel Loewenberg reports from Berlin." }, { "paper": "2076452646", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2009", "title": "the french presidency", "label": [ "2781243023", "111141941" ], "author": [ "1624872661", "2743717316" ], "reference": [ "630103001", "1983024350", "1988815996", "2040612638", "2095342783", "2096620684" ], "abstract": "the article examines the french presidency of the european union eu that took place in the second half of 2008 the article examines a number of issues including the priorities set by french president nicolas sarkozy action on eu immigration policy a strengthening of european security and defense and measures to fight global warming and climate change in addition the article examines sarkozy s proposal for a union of countries that have coastlines on the mediterranean sea a measure brokered by angela merkel the german chancellor", "title_raw": "The French Presidency", "abstract_raw": "The article examines the French presidency of the European Union (EU) that took place in the second half of 2008. The article examines a number of issues including the priorities set by French president Nicolas Sarkozy, action on EU immigration policy, a strengthening of European security and defense and measures to fight global warming and climate change. In addition the article examines Sarkozy's proposal for a union of countries that have coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea, a measure brokered by Angela Merkel, the German chancellor." }, { "paper": "2112811445", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2009", "title": "partisan dynamics and the volatility of presidential approval", "label": [ "94625758", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2021238253", "2299188305" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in many areas of political science scholars have begun to emphasize the dynamics driving the statistical variance of political outcomes as well as those governing changes in the mean some recent studies have brought this methodological focus on variance to measures of presidential approval but no one has yet examined how the effects of traditional explanatory variables such as major events and war on the volatility of approval interact with respondents partisan predispositions using both aggregate approval data and individual level panel data this analysis demonstrates that factors reinforcing a group s partisan proclivities to support or oppose the president increase the stability of that group s support while developments that conflict with a group s partisan predispositions increase the volatility of approval", "title_raw": "Partisan Dynamics and the Volatility of Presidential Approval", "abstract_raw": "In many areas of political science, scholars have begun to emphasize the dynamics driving the statistical variance of political outcomes as well as those governing changes in the mean. Some recent studies have brought this methodological focus on variance to measures of presidential approval, but no one has yet examined how the effects of traditional explanatory variables (such as major events and war) on the volatility of approval interact with respondents' partisan predispositions. Using both aggregate approval data and individual-level panel data, this analysis demonstrates that factors reinforcing a group's partisan proclivities to support or oppose the president increase the stability of that group's support, while developments that conflict with a group's partisan predispositions increase the volatility of approval." }, { "paper": "2795639186", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2009", "title": "malcolm d magee what the world should be woodrow wilson and the crafting of a faith based foreign policy waco tex baylor university press 2008 pp x 189 39 95reviews of bookscanada and the united states", "label": [ "93377909" ], "author": [ "2559509896" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "MALCOLM D. MAGEE. What the World Should Be: Woodrow Wilson and the Crafting of a Faith-Based Foreign Policy. Waco, Tex.: Baylor University Press. 2008. Pp. x, 189. $39.95Reviews of BooksCanada and the United States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2018947389", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2009", "title": "changes at berkeley raise fears of shrinking commitment to diversity", "label": [ "120912362" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "engineering educationthe university of california berkeley has long been a model for efforts to increase the number of underrepresented minorities and women in science and engineering but a decision this summer by its engineering dean to merge a center serving that population into a larger program for all students has roiled the campus and triggered concern among diversity professionals throughout higher education", "title_raw": "Changes at Berkeley Raise Fears of Shrinking Commitment to Diversity", "abstract_raw": "Engineering EducationThe University of California, Berkeley, has long been a model for efforts to increase the number of underrepresented minorities and women in science and engineering. But a decision this summer by its engineering dean to merge a center serving that population into a larger program for all students has roiled the campus and triggered concern among diversity professionals throughout higher education." }, { "paper": "1980480676", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2009", "title": "explaining networks through mechanisms vaccination priming and the 2001 foot and mouth disease crisis", "label": [ "148834064", "39549134", "109986646", "2776177672" ], "author": [ "2228083954" ], "reference": [ "62944248", "761267035", "1523726912", "1589654640", "1723256762", "1965238002", "1971602372", "1973082961", "1986035178", "2005072774", "2029644384", "2034697405", "2036794832", "2038593766", "2052735802", "2090342559", "2109346110", "2119120953", "2123061192", "2129790543", "2139188520", "2143985638", "2149248019", "2149893809", "2171421397", "2483810948", "2739260724", "2799088120", "2970520327" ], "abstract": "there is an ongoing debate about whether and how the existence of policy networks can be used to explain policy outcomes making use of the concept of priming it is argued here that network structures create differential opportunities for interest groups to persuade decision makers to act in particular ways in conditions of uncertainty where there is a pressure to take immediate decisions priming can help us to understand why some groups are more persuasive than others this argument is developed against the backdrop of a particular puzzle the british government s refusal to use emergency vaccination during the outbreak of foot and mouth disease in 2001 this decision is routinely accounted for in terms of the bargaining strength of the national farmers union against this it is argued that farmers influence over government policy ought to be explained primarily in terms of the way they were able to prime particular arguments and so help persuade the government to act in particular ways", "title_raw": "Explaining Networks through Mechanisms: Vaccination, Priming and the 2001 Foot and Mouth Disease Crisis", "abstract_raw": "There is an ongoing debate about whether and how the existence of policy networks can be used to explain policy outcomes. Making use of the concept of priming, it is argued here that network structures create differential opportunities for interest groups to persuade decision makers to act in particular ways. In conditions of uncertainty where there is a pressure to take immediate decisions, priming can help us to understand why some groups are more persuasive than others. This argument is developed against the backdrop of a particular puzzle: the British government's refusal to use emergency vaccination during the outbreak of foot and mouth disease in 2001. This decision is routinely accounted for in terms of the bargaining strength of the National Farmers Union. Against this it is argued that farmers' influence over government policy ought to be explained primarily in terms of the way they were able to prime particular arguments and so help persuade the government to act in particular ways." }, { "paper": "2041889152", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2009", "title": "blue helmets and black markets the business of survival in the siege of sarajevoby peter andreas", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2158681920" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Blue Helmets and Black Markets: The Business of Survival in the Siege of Sarajevoby Peter Andreas", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2042645822", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2010", "title": "ethnic dimensions in the discourse and identity strategies of european converts to islam in andalusia and flanders", "label": [ "137403100" ], "author": [ "1993277033", "2597446511", "2242422802" ], "reference": [ "48591905", "375829392", "620695143", "633259914", "646362116", "1567120601", "2044394074", "2091191736", "2094631855", "2121393013", "2158868870", "2242600764", "2286652895", "2321117302", "2327019379", "2522158767", "2523007470", "2526389329", "2783502346" ], "abstract": "this paper provides a comparative analysis of the ethnic dimensions in discourse and identity strategies of european converts to islam to highlight the very different conditions which european neo muslims face when adopting an ethnicising discourse and or strategies two divergent settings for study are selected we present data on andalusia spain where in the aftermath of francoism spanish neo muslims revitalised andalusian ideas about the rootedness of andalusia in dar al islam this case is compared with flanders belgium do we find similar ethnicising strategies and discourses among these two categories of european neo muslims what are the limits of and possibilities for ethnicising conversion in each setting and what are the implications with regard to the legitimating of the claimed mediatorship of converts between islamic and european societies on both an individual and a collective level we are unable to conclude that the dynamics at the micro level are different in each setting but ar", "title_raw": "Ethnic Dimensions in the Discourse and Identity Strategies of European Converts to Islam in Andalusia and Flanders", "abstract_raw": "This paper provides a comparative analysis of the ethnic dimensions in discourse and identity strategies of European converts to Islam. To highlight the very different conditions which European neo-Muslims face when adopting an ethnicising discourse and/or strategies, two divergent settings for study are selected. We present data on Andalusia (Spain) where, in the aftermath of Francoism, Spanish neo-Muslims revitalised Andalusian ideas about the rootedness of Andalusia in Dar al Islam. This case is compared with Flanders (Belgium). Do we find similar ethnicising strategies and discourses among these two categories of European neo-Muslims? What are the limits of and possibilities for ethnicising conversion in each setting? And what are the implications with regard to the legitimating of the claimed mediatorship of converts between Islamic and European societies, on both an individual and a collective level? We are unable to conclude that the dynamics at the micro level are different in each setting, but ar..." }, { "paper": "1970361354", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2010", "title": "can liberalism lose the enlightenment", "label": [ "522663455", "199539241", "81307892", "547727832", "15997828", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2200608207" ], "reference": [ "1469406", "592991680", "629051542", "640697535", "1497851054", "1503474447", "1507264279", "1522331304", "1551988512", "1893078424", "1966340639", "1986293481", "1989450792", "2023576317", "2031905361", "2047656735", "2065143290", "2325415106", "2479920742", "2753221422", "2790357902", "2796528567", "2797700938", "3141821884" ], "abstract": "john rawls s political liberalism asserts that liberal politics can and should be conducted without engaging debates about the truth of its theoretical foundations this paper argues that political liberalism is in fact far more concerned with questions of truth than rawls was willing to admit once political liberalism s relation to truth claims is understood more clearly it becomes evident that political liberalism is closer to its enlightenment predecessor than rawls claimed and that affinity with the enlightenment enables a reevaluation of political liberalism s position on the place of religious argument in political debate", "title_raw": "Can Liberalism Lose the Enlightenment", "abstract_raw": "John Rawls\u2019s Political Liberalism asserts that liberal politics can and should be conducted without engaging debates about the truth of its theoretical foundations. This paper argues that political liberalism is in fact far more concerned with questions of truth than Rawls was willing to admit. Once political liberalism\u2019s relation to truth claims is understood more clearly, it becomes evident that political liberalism is closer to its Enlightenment predecessor than Rawls claimed, and that affinity with the Enlightenment enables a reevaluation of political liberalism\u2019s position on the place of religious argument in political debate." }, { "paper": "2066677913", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2010", "title": "one supreme court supremacy inferiority and the judicial power of the united states by james e pfander oxford university press 2009", "label": [ "199539241", "2778272461", "46415393", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2744336047" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "One Supreme Court: Supremacy, Inferiority, and the Judicial Power of the United States. By James E. Pfander. (Oxford University Press, 2009).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2169399592", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2010", "title": "beyond particularism remarks on some recent approaches to the idea of a universal political and legal order", "label": [ "169437150", "2781061807", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2989897316" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "theories of global order are traceable back to two main paradigms particularism and univer salism the first of them asserting that true global order is a chimaera the second affirming that a worldwide political and legal system securing peace and human rights protection is senior research fellow at the mpi and professor of state theory at the faculty of law of the university of turin email sdellava mpil de at n ew y rk u nirsity on n ovem er 5 2010 ejil oxfjournals org d ow nladed fom 766 ejil 21 2010 765 788 both desirable and feasible against this background the article analyses some recent contri butions to the question of the conditions for the establishment of a worldwide system guaran teeing peaceful and cooperative interaction the authors of the books under review share the commitment to the universalistic view but substantiate it by resorting to distinct theoretical presuppositions by outlining the different frameworks the article presents the books being discussed as inspiring inputs on the way to the renewal of universalism at the beginning of", "title_raw": "Beyond Particularism: Remarks on Some Recent Approaches to the Idea of a Universal Political and Legal Order", "abstract_raw": "Theories of global order are traceable back to two main paradigms, particularism and univer\u00ad salism, the first of them asserting that true global order is a chimaera, the second affirming that a worldwide political and legal system securing peace and human rights protection is * Senior Research Fellow at the MPI and Professor of State Theory at the Faculty of Law of the University of Turin. Email: sdellava@mpil.de. at N ew Y rk U nirsity on N ovem er 5, 2010 ejil.oxfjournals.org D ow nladed fom 766 EJIL 21 (2010), 765\u2013788 both desirable and feasible. Against this background, the article analyses some recent contri\u00ad butions to the question of the conditions for the establishment of a worldwide system guaran\u00ad teeing peaceful and cooperative interaction. The authors of the books under review share the commitment to the universalistic view, but substantiate it by resorting to distinct theoretical presuppositions. By outlining the different frameworks, the article presents the books being discussed as inspiring inputs on the way to the renewal of universalism at the beginning of" }, { "paper": "2012592026", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2010", "title": "an examination of methodological and theoretical problems arising from the use of political participation indexes in political communication research", "label": [ "90508534", "72825876", "94625758" ], "author": [ "228847574" ], "reference": [ "1967975162", "1980697352", "2001911962", "2002326091", "2004279575", "2005011082", "2006062848", "2006504733", "2008676006", "2012507520", "2013717757", "2023264556", "2024385082", "2035800463", "2042509093", "2042607522", "2068798627", "2071741586", "2078008857", "2084365081", "2084529858", "2106605967", "2136092540", "2137816973", "2159715821", "2165300506", "2226258787", "2324622157" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "An Examination of Methodological and Theoretical Problems Arising from the Use of Political Participation Indexes in Political Communication Research", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1973816163", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2010", "title": "globalization and third world women exploitation coping and resistance", "label": [ "2119116" ], "author": [ "2104502585" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Globalization and Third World Women: Exploitation, Coping and Resistance:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2162010108", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2010", "title": "the center still holds liberal internationalism survives", "label": [ "2777998363", "54589662", "522562087", "3116431", "93377909", "134698397", "2778203169", "520049643", "2777134650" ], "author": [ "91858485", "1760592020", "2240983957" ], "reference": [ "574875593", "582880668", "1485358265", "1491291186", "1505483790", "1532114470", "1566509193", "1979672194", "1979747910", "1984235607", "1994335890", "2007098051", "2009368000", "2022869871", "2038466759", "2038998582", "2108206856", "2121110329", "2125837162", "2138360129", "2144222456", "2154578711", "2162986342", "2165371879", "2166111683", "2170007408", "2170661519", "2620479505", "2798239596", "3121450275", "3122419865", "3122805120", "3123571579" ], "abstract": "recent research including an article by charles kupchan and peter trubowitz in this journal has argued that the united states long standing foreign policy orientation of liberal internationalism has been in serious decline because of rising domestic partisan divisions a reanalysis of the theoretical logic driving these arguments and the empirical evidence used to support them suggests a different conclusion extant evidence on congressional roll call voting and public opinion surveys which is often used to support the claim that liberal internationalism has declined as well as new evidence about partisan divisions in congress using policy gridlock and cosponsorship data from other studies of american politics do not demonstrate the decline in bipartisanship in foreign policy that conventional wisdom suggests the data also do not show evidence of a vietnam war or a post cold war effect on domestic partisan divisions on foreign policy contrary to the claims of recent literature the data show that g", "title_raw": "The Center Still Holds: Liberal Internationalism Survives", "abstract_raw": "Recent research, including an article by Charles Kupchan and Peter Trubowitz in this journal, has argued that the United States' long-standing foreign policy orientation of liberal internationalism has been in serious decline because of rising domestic partisan divisions. A reanalysis of the theoretical logic driving these arguments and the empirical evidence used to support them suggests a different conclusion. Extant evidence on congressional roll call voting and public opinion surveys, which is often used to support the claim that liberal internationalism has declined, as well as new evidence about partisan divisions in Congress using policy gridlock and cosponsorship data from other studies of American politics do not demonstrate the decline in bipartisanship in foreign policy that conventional wisdom suggests. The data also do not show evidence of a Vietnam War or a post\u2013Cold War effect on domestic partisan divisions on foreign policy. Contrary to the claims of recent literature, the data show that g..." }, { "paper": "2079107072", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2010", "title": "left right ideology and canadian politics", "label": [ "94625758", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2125958162" ], "reference": [ "362191245", "406427145", "562871291", "575148534", "584810661", "607860040", "628052711", "629070207", "635192802", "644964750", "1492182302", "1547674349", "1577223643", "1966382716", "1966962278", "1970863987", "1977825494", "1990468350", "1994300171", "2023543205", "2030843909", "2040898367", "2042864442", "2042878954", "2048299936", "2074589553", "2082172673", "2106704735", "2112745501", "2136775099", "2168659096", "2329373269", "2801849248", "2802094434" ], "abstract": "abstract this article examines the influence of ideology in canadian politics the core theory is that political opinions are bound together into ideological clusters by underlying influences that affect simultaneously the opinions of individuals about more than one issue the central hypothesis is that ideological disagreement between the left and the right is asymmetrical that is that leftists and rightists bundle in different ways their opinions about issues the analysis draws on evidence from benoit and laver s survey of experts 2006 about the policy positions of political parties the comparative manifesto research project budge et al 2001 klingemann et al 2006 and cross and young s survey of canadian political party members 2002 the results of the analysis indicate first that canada s left right ideological divide is wide by cross national standards and second that leftists and rightists organize their opinions about the world in different ways resume cet article examine l influence des ideologies dans l environnement politique canadien la theorie centrale stipule que les opinions politiques sur diverses questions sont structurees en groupes ideologiques consolides par des influences sous jacentes qui affectent simultanement les opinions des individus l hypothese principale decoulant de cette theorie est que la structure du desaccord ideologique entre la gauche et la droite est asymetrique plus precisement que les individus situes a la gauche et a la droite du spectre politique canadien organisent de maniere differente leurs opinions politiques l analyse s appuie tout d abord sur les donnees d un sondage aupres d experts politiques realise par benoit et laver 2006 et portant sur les positions politiques des partis elle utilise egalement les donnees du comparative manifesto research project budge et al 2001 klingemann et al 2006 et celles d un sondage d opinion de cross et young 2002 effectue aupres des membres de partis politiques canadiens les resultats de cette etude demontrent en premier lieu qu il existe un clivage important entre la droite et la gauche au canada meme lorsqu il est observe dans une perspective comparative et en second lieu que les individus se situant a la gauche et a la droite du spectre politique ont tendance a organiser de maniere differente leurs opinions sur le monde", "title_raw": "Left/Right Ideology and Canadian Politics", "abstract_raw": "Abstract. This article examines the influence of ideology in Canadian politics. The core theory is that political opinions are bound together into ideological clusters by underlying influences that affect simultaneously the opinions of individuals about more than one issue. The central hypothesis is that ideological disagreement between the left and the right is asymmetrical, that is, that leftists and rightists bundle in different ways their opinions about issues. The analysis draws on evidence from Benoit and Laver's survey of experts ( 2006 ) about the policy positions of political parties, the Comparative Manifesto Research Project (Budge et al., 2001 ; Klingemann et al., 2006 ), and Cross and Young's survey of Canadian political party members ( 2002 ). The results of the analysis indicate, first, that Canada's left/right ideological divide is wide by cross-national standards, and, second, that leftists and rightists organize their opinions about the world in different ways. Resume. Cet article examine l'influence des ideologies dans l'environnement politique canadien. La theorie centrale stipule que les opinions politiques sur diverses questions sont structurees en groupes ideologiques consolides par des influences sous-jacentes qui affectent simultanement les opinions des individus. L'hypothese principale decoulant de cette theorie est que la structure du desaccord ideologique entre la gauche et la droite est asymetrique; plus precisement, que les individus situes a la gauche et a la droite du spectre politique canadien organisent de maniere differente leurs opinions politiques. L'analyse s'appuie tout d'abord sur les donnees d'un sondage aupres d'experts politiques realise par Benoit et Laver ( 2006 ) et portant sur les positions politiques des partis. Elle utilise egalement les donnees du Comparative Manifesto Research Project (Budge et al. 2001 ; Klingemann et al., 2006 ) et celles d'un sondage d'opinion de Cross et Young ( 2002 ) effectue aupres des membres de partis politiques canadiens. Les resultats de cette etude demontrent, en premier lieu, qu'il existe un clivage important entre la droite et la gauche au Canada meme lorsqu'il est observe dans une perspective comparative, et en second lieu, que les individus se situant a la gauche et a la droite du spectre politique ont tendance a organiser de maniere differente leurs opinions sur le monde." }, { "paper": "2147558012", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2010", "title": "ngos and political participation in weak democracies subnational evidence on protest and voter turnout from bolivia", "label": [ "555826173", "520049643", "94625758", "2777932401", "513891491" ], "author": [ "2022268279" ], "reference": [ "48428665", "91891392", "173173621", "560647037", "1569619594", "1965423759", "1983482726", "1992061860", "1995622470", "2003392525", "2059935032", "2070752687", "2072595985", "2083729314", "2088339772", "2090346964", "2117963689", "2135409175", "2139169740", "2147321349", "2256981497", "2258291565", "2341011676", "2490085871", "3110167664", "3149953018" ], "abstract": "how do ngos affect political participation in weakly democratic settings we know that ngos can be an important part of moderate civil society by building trust facilitating collective action and encouraging voter turnout this paper explores these relationships in weakly democratic settings ngos stimulate political participation by providing resources and opportunities for association where voting is seen as ineffective new participation can take the form of political protests and demonstrations this paper presents results from an original local level dataset from bolivia on ngo activity voter turnout and political protest showing a strong relationship between ngo activity and political protest in weakly democratic contexts", "title_raw": "NGOs and Political Participation in Weak Democracies: Subnational Evidence on Protest and Voter Turnout from Bolivia", "abstract_raw": "How do NGOs affect political participation in weakly democratic settings? We know that NGOs can be an important part of moderate civil society by building trust, facilitating collective action, and encouraging voter turnout. This paper explores these relationships in weakly democratic settings. NGOs stimulate political participation by providing resources and opportunities for association. Where voting is seen as ineffective, new participation can take the form of political protests and demonstrations. This paper presents results from an original local level dataset from Bolivia on NGO activity, voter turnout, and political protest, showing a strong relationship between NGO activity and political protest in weakly democratic contexts." }, { "paper": "2118768083", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2010", "title": "political representation and government in the european union", "label": [ "94625758", "2781440851", "3116431", "148834064", "45184978", "2779018484" ], "author": [ "1435306246", "669035281" ], "reference": [ "79879342", "1487281880", "1547177775", "1566512100", "1605478907", "1808669124", "1966989238", "2059196894", "2080443227", "2094678909", "2105796861", "2112400212", "2114915098", "2116877392", "2123252635", "2132120587", "2133984843", "2145186724", "2155173899", "2169669651", "2317713367", "2504513127", "2890829277", "2999762063", "3046723133", "3125810405" ], "abstract": "this paper addresses two particular aspects of the much debated democratic deficit in european union eu governance the absence of a system of party government at the european level whereby parties in the parliament lack the capacity to effectively control the governing bodies of the eu and the apparent failings in the capacity of parties at the european level to represent the will of the citizens of europe we question the self evidence of the recommendation that the union adapt to conventional party government models at the national level and argue that since many of the conditions facilitating the effective fusion of the functions of representation and of control of the government no longer pertain it may actually prove unwise to seek to replicate this process at the european level we go on to take issue with the traditional view that the european process of political representation fails mainly because political parties do not compete on so called european issues despite a poor process of poli", "title_raw": "Political representation and government in the European Union", "abstract_raw": "This paper addresses two particular aspects of the much debated democratic deficit in European Union (EU) governance \u2013 the absence of a system of party government at the European level, whereby parties in the Parliament lack the capacity to effectively control the governing bodies of the EU, and the apparent failings in the capacity of parties at the European level to represent the will of the citizens of Europe. We question the self-evidence of the recommendation that the Union adapt to conventional party government models at the national level and argue that since many of the conditions facilitating the effective fusion of the functions of representation and of control of the government no longer pertain, it may actually prove unwise to seek to replicate this process at the European level. We go on to take issue with the traditional view that the European process of political representation fails mainly because political parties do not compete on so-called European issues. Despite a poor process of poli..." }, { "paper": "2106423588", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2010", "title": "assessing student learning outcomes in united states government courses", "label": [ "150710463", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2256409878", "2190418378" ], "reference": [ "936729542", "1575428415", "2022810424", "2041934912", "2059929428", "2063737315", "2115213180", "2162346292", "2164031862", "2255837685" ], "abstract": "this study employs the solomon four group design to measure student knowledge of the united states government and student knowledge of current events at the beginning of a u s government course and at the end in both areas knowledge improves significantly regarding knowledge of the u s government both males and females improve at similar rates those with higher and lower gpas improve at similar rates and political science majors improve at similar rates to non majors regarding current events males and females improve at similar rates however those with higher gpas and political science majors improve more than others", "title_raw": "Assessing Student Learning Outcomes in United States Government Courses.", "abstract_raw": "This study employs the Solomon Four-Group Design to measure student knowledge of the United States government and student knowledge of current events at the beginning of a U.S. government course and at the end. In both areas, knowledge improves significantly. Regarding knowledge of the U.S. government, both males and females improve at similar rates, those with higher and lower GPAs improve at similar rates, and political science majors improve at similar rates to non-majors. Regarding current events, males and females improve at similar rates. However, those with higher GPAs and political science majors improve more than others." }, { "paper": "2063873016", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2010", "title": "resistance and the post liberal peace", "label": [ "2777122596", "199539241", "2776398702", "2781395907" ], "author": [ "783321403" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article discusses what an ir and peacebuilding praxis derived from the everyday might entail it examines the insights of a number of literatures which contribute to a discussion of the dynamics of the everyday the enervation of agency and the repoliticisation of peacebuilding is its objective it charts how local agency has led to resistance and hybrid forms of peace despite the overwhelming weight of the liberal peace project in some aspects this may be complementary to the latter and commensurate with the liberal state but in other aspects the everyday points beyond the liberal peace", "title_raw": "Resistance and the Post-liberal Peace", "abstract_raw": "This article discusses what an IR and peacebuilding praxis derived from the \u2018everyday\u2019 might entail. It examines the insights of a number of literatures which contribute to a discussion of the dynamics of the everyday. The enervation of agency and the repoliticisation of peacebuilding is its objective. It charts how local agency has led to resistance and hybrid forms of peace despite the overwhelming weight of the liberal peace project. In some aspects this may be complementary to the latter and commensurate with the liberal state, but in other aspects the everyday points beyond the liberal peace." }, { "paper": "2119820786", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2010", "title": "the message matters the economy and presidential campaignsby lynn vavreck", "label": [ "197487636", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2159322213" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Message Matters: The Economy and Presidential Campaignsby Lynn Vavreck", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1964456539", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2010", "title": "the politics of income inequality in the united states by nathan j kelly new york cambridge university press 2009 216p 75 00 class war what americans really think about economic inequality by benjamin i page and lawrence r jacobs chicago university of chicago press 2009 160p 39 00 cloth 13 00 paper", "label": [ "160159729", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2030774795" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Income Inequality in the United States . By Nathan J. Kelly. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 216p. $75.00. Class War? What Americans Really Think about Economic Inequality . By Benjamin I. Page and Lawrence R. Jacobs. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009. 160p. $39.00 cloth, $13.00 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3126005483", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2010", "title": "kenya s piracy prosecutions", "label": [ "191935318", "187651312", "199539241", "2776452267", "2778959273" ], "author": [ "2667289160" ], "reference": [ "149883031", "159338178", "2172225743", "2227030355", "2796996956", "2895542959", "2920456398", "3121448706" ], "abstract": "kenya became a primary destination for the prosecution of pirates captured off the coast of somalia from late 2008 to late 2009 yet none of the pirates being tried in kenya as of april 2010 were captured by kenyan armed forces but rather by non kenyan forces whose countries had signed agreements with kenya for it to conduct such trials in resolution 1851 of december 16 2008 the united nations security council had urged states and regional organizations to enter into such agreements kenya accordingly concluded agreements on prosecuting suspected pirates with the united kingdom the united states the european union and denmark according to media reports and as kenya recently acknowledged two others were negotiated with china and canada only the eu kenya agreement has been published the british foreign secretary told the house of commons that kenya did not want its agreement with the united kingdom to be made public consequently it may well be that a kenyan preference for secrecy prevented the public release of information on the other agreements signed by kenya", "title_raw": "Kenya\u2019s Piracy Prosecutions", "abstract_raw": "Kenya became a primary destination for the prosecution of pirates captured off the coast of Somalia from late 2008 to late 2009. Yet none of the pirates being tried in Kenya as of April 2010 were captured by Kenyan armed forces but, rather, by non-Kenyan forces whose countries had signed agreements with Kenya for it to conduct such trials. In Resolution 1851 of December 16, 2008, the United Nations Security Council had urged states and regional organizations to enter into such agreements. Kenya accordingly concluded agreements on prosecuting suspected pirates with the United Kingdom, the United States, the European Union, and Denmark. According to media reports, and as Kenya recently acknowledged, two others were negotiated, with China and Canada. Only the EU-Kenya agreement has been published. The British foreign secretary told the House of Commons that Kenya did not want its agreement with the United Kingdom to be made public. Consequently, it may well be that a Kenyan preference for secrecy prevented the public release of information on the other agreements signed by Kenya." }, { "paper": "2377728120", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2010", "title": "urban employment opportunity effect of higher education for chinese youth", "label": [ "120912362", "2778139618", "2780110086", "2779220025", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2674013184" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "along with the aggravation of university graduates unemployment and the shortage of peasant workforce the effect of higher education on employment opportunity is questioned based on the public service survey of china s cities this research adopts employment probability as key variable and analyzes the relationship between employment opportunity and education level to inspect how higher education impact on youth s urban job gain the result shows that higher education is not only the great supporter for employment opportunity in youth period but also a positive guarantee for job gain during the whole career when young people make decision of spending time between education and employment they should take higher education as one of the best preparations for better employment", "title_raw": "Urban Employment Opportunity Effect of Higher Education for Chinese Youth", "abstract_raw": "Along with the aggravation of university graduates' unemployment and the shortage of peasant workforce,the effect of higher education on employment opportunity is questioned.Based on the \"Public Service Survey of China's Cities\",this research adopts employment probability as key variable and analyzes the relationship between employment opportunity and education level to inspect how higher education impact on youth's urban job-gain.The result shows that higher education is not only the great supporter for employment opportunity in youth period but also a positive guarantee for job-gain during the whole career.When young people make decision of spending time between education and employment,they should take higher education as one of the best preparations for better employment." }, { "paper": "2043892100", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2010", "title": "preconditions for foreign activities of european regions tracing causal configurations of economic cultural and political strategies", "label": [ "65414064", "185874996", "94625758", "93377909" ], "author": [ "1963811065", "2119349916", "134585971", "2704191348" ], "reference": [ "66714296", "111191169", "179108395", "183747230", "609906718", "1502798522", "1554727685", "1604048308", "1604115074", "2009571285", "2026331279", "2036647945", "2042157698", "2046056881", "2049242174", "2074901493", "2078839888", "2079467722", "2085843541", "2091356009", "2100407467", "2103976961", "2150935468", "2226274245", "2262942124", "2314894868", "2316967034", "2496050465", "2504652976", "2589839803", "2797833670" ], "abstract": "this article traces international activities of regional governments in austria belgium france germany great britain and italy we describe how intensively the regions are investing in economic cultural and political activities and how broad the different activities are spread then we analyze preconditions for strong activities by using the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis two assumptions about causal configurations are confirmed first high economic interdependencies in combination with large financial capacities are in most cases sufficient for setting up many promotional offices abroad second a high level of policy autonomy in combination with strong competencies in foreign affairs is almost always sufficient for having a well staffed office in brussels in contrast partnerships with foreign political entities are not a result of a cultural causal configuration", "title_raw": "Preconditions for Foreign Activities of European Regions: Tracing Causal Configurations of Economic, Cultural, and Political Strategies", "abstract_raw": "This article traces international activities of regional governments in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, and Italy. We describe how intensively the regions are investing in economic, cultural, and political activities, and how broad the different activities are spread. Then we analyze preconditions for strong activities by using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Two assumptions about causal configurations are confirmed. First, high economic interdependencies in combination with large financial capacities are in most cases sufficient for setting up many promotional offices abroad. Second, a high level of policy autonomy, in combination with strong competencies in foreign affairs, is almost always sufficient for having a well-staffed office in Brussels. In contrast, partnerships with foreign political entities are not a result of a cultural causal configuration." }, { "paper": "2060556489", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2010", "title": "shifting ethnic boundaries and inequality in israel or how the polish peddler became a german intellectual", "label": [ "199539241", "137403100" ], "author": [ "299380525" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "aziza khazzoom shifting ethnic boundaries and inequality in israel or how the polish peddler became a german intellectual stanford california stanford university press 2008 360 pp 65 00 h", "title_raw": "Shifting Ethnic Boundaries and Inequality in Israel. Or, How the Polish Peddler Became a German Intellectual", "abstract_raw": "Aziza Khazzoom, Shifting Ethnic Boundaries and Inequality in Israel. Or, How the Polish Peddler Became a German Intellectual Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2008, 360 pp., $65.00 h..." }, { "paper": "90601241", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2010", "title": "second circuit finds convention on privileges and immunities of the united nations self executing upholds immunity of united nations and of former un officials", "label": [ "199539241", "2780608745" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Second Circuit Finds Convention on Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations Self-Executing, Upholds Immunity of United Nations and of Former UN Officials", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2057607337", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2010", "title": "pyongyang s survival strategy tools of authoritarian control in north korea", "label": [ "2776051254", "2775987171", "2778589402", "68346564", "2776729102", "2778358470", "521449643" ], "author": [ "2025115558", "2169806733" ], "reference": [ "30488914", "72296729", "78268326", "203941126", "249414926", "433172465", "570718183", "577369958", "581977732", "590121029", "613614613", "627909669", "628148475", "642211713", "1482271569", "1483645534", "1484239706", "1493229939", "1497093481", "1505103311", "1509383136", "1514748175", "1520686261", "1535643370", "1539612284", "1549553473", "1553768129", "1555434708", "1580041041", "1586157023", "1589559699", "1958878042", "1963819217", "1966816740", "1967654433", "1969547637", "1972025873", "1974595659", "1975406400", "1984897241", "1991314740", "1993730357", "1994990033", "1999673497", "2002306188", "2004743122", "2012541279", "2016579347", "2023248853", "2028515217", "2038631063", "2044438593", "2046109816", "2051273524", "2051733957", "2054760853", "2056631922", "2060368356", "2060886834", "2063890925", "2065111725", "2066486145", "2074388469", "2077297734", "2078299499", "2083856551", "2087117991", "2096674195", "2102492557", "2102694490", "2113171224", "2118882740", "2139049684", "2153031274", "2163265351", "2168935702", "2321175837", "2322133207", "2322609866", "2322673549", "2334875510", "2562199177", "2563116648", "2617583744", "2796599699", "2800040291", "2800662148", "2891996476", "3004981299", "3021281364", "3127547756", "3146864405", "3151307774", "3152361643" ], "abstract": "speculation about the future of the north korean regime has been intense for nearly two decades in the 1990s economic crises and famine led to predictions of the kim regime s imminent downfall today analysts highlight impending famine as well as threats to the regime s position brought by eroding information control several theories of authoritarian control help to explain how kim jong il and his family have remained in power and how this might change over time the kim regime has employed a variety of authoritarian tools to protect itself both from popular revolt and from internal coups its social policies reliance on certain ideas and nationalism and use of force prevent the onset of revolution through numerous other tools elite co optation manipulation of foreign governments for financial aid and the coupproofing of domestic institutions the regime protects itself from coups d etat and elite unrest this framework not only helps to explain the past resilience of the regime but it sugg", "title_raw": "Pyongyang's Survival Strategy: Tools of Authoritarian Control in North Korea", "abstract_raw": "Speculation about the future of the North Korean regime has been intense for nearly two decades. In the 1990s, economic crises and famine led to predictions of the Kim regime's imminent downfall. Today analysts highlight impending famine as well as threats to the regime's position brought by eroding information control. Several theories of authoritarian control help to explain how Kim Jong-il and his family have remained in power and how this might change over time. The Kim regime has employed a variety of authoritarian \u201ctools\u201d to protect itself both from popular revolt and from internal coups. Its social policies, reliance on certain ideas and nationalism, and use of force prevent the onset of revolution. Through numerous other tools (elite co-optation, manipulation of foreign governments for financial aid, and the \u201ccoupproofing\u201d of domestic institutions), the regime protects itself from coups d'etat and elite unrest. This framework not only helps to explain the past resilience of the regime, but it sugg..." }, { "paper": "2087380982", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2010", "title": "the effect of passive observation methods on azerbaijan s 2008 presidential election and 2009 referendum", "label": [ "2781462389", "2779838221", "2776129789", "520049643", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2129293469" ], "reference": [ "80972022", "187910955", "568392719", "582174838", "607436251", "1592453918", "1596861610", "1978981132", "1979553774", "1980953202", "1997068125", "2024847495", "2036643100", "2050904319", "2061608912", "2077836473", "2089887174", "2126321299", "2130017867", "2139577967", "2148388782", "2182342499", "2332389868", "2333983184" ], "abstract": "election observation is used by domestic and international groups to assess election quality and deter fraud however a limited amount of research has assessed its effectiveness this article adds to the literature by analyzing how a passive monitoring tool affected the process and outcome of voting in two elections in azerbaijan the analysis shows that the placement of webcams in polling stations is consistently associated with lower reported turnout and inconsistently associated with lower regime support", "title_raw": "The effect of passive observation methods on Azerbaijan\u2019s 2008 presidential election and 2009 referendum", "abstract_raw": "Election observation is used by domestic and international groups to assess election quality and deter fraud. However, a limited amount of research has assessed its effectiveness. This article adds to the literature by analyzing how a passive monitoring tool affected the process and outcome of voting in two elections in Azerbaijan. The analysis shows that the placement of webcams in polling stations is consistently associated with lower reported turnout and inconsistently associated with lower regime support." }, { "paper": "2033070465", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "embryo ruling keeps stem cell research legal", "label": [ "2776154427", "2778272461", "199539241", "42027317" ], "author": [ "2014282320" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a ruling from the irish supreme court has reignited that country9s debate over the legal status of human embryos confirming the legality of research with human embryonic stem cells but leaving such work in a regulatory limbo that may not be resolved soon on 15 december the court ruled that human embryos outside the womb are not unborn and therefore are not protected under the country9s constitution the case before the court in which a woman wanted to implant frozen embryos against the wishes of her estranged husband does not directly involve stem cell research but an opposite ruling could have made such work unconstitutional", "title_raw": "Embryo Ruling Keeps Stem Cell Research Legal", "abstract_raw": "A ruling from the Irish Supreme Court has reignited that country9s debate over the legal status of human embryos, confirming the legality of research with human embryonic stem cells but leaving such work in a regulatory limbo that may not be resolved soon. On 15 December, the court ruled that human embryos outside the womb are not \"unborn\" and therefore are not protected under the country9s constitution. The case before the court, in which a woman wanted to implant frozen embryos against the wishes of her estranged husband, does not directly involve stem cell research, but an opposite ruling could have made such work unconstitutional." }, { "paper": "2019990750", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2010", "title": "european research council battles bureaucracy", "label": [ "3116431", "51575053" ], "author": [ "2106465385" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "helga nowotny explains how reform at the funding body could free scientists from onerous paperwork", "title_raw": "European Research Council battles bureaucracy", "abstract_raw": "Helga Nowotny explains how reform at the funding body could free scientists from onerous paperwork." }, { "paper": "2624955989", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2010", "title": "review of jelena subotic hijacked justice dealing with the past in the balkans cornell university press 2009", "label": [ "139621336" ], "author": [ "2593504835" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of Jelena Suboti\u0107, Hijacked Justice: Dealing with the Past in the Balkans (Cornell University Press, 2009)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2020992598", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "italian parliament passes controversial university reforms", "label": [ "2780468282", "148834064", "2778832215", "199539241", "2777638134", "2781440851" ], "author": [ "114751085" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the latest attempt to reform italy9s archaic university system passed an important milestone last week when the italian parliament9s lower house approved a proposed law aimed at eliminating nepotism in academic appointments as well as improving the quality of teaching and research the reforms must still be given a final approval by the italian senate however and it is possible although unlikely that the bill will be abandoned following a no confidence vote on the center right government of silvio berlusconi on 14 december edwin cartlidge is a freelance writer based in rome", "title_raw": "Italian Parliament Passes Controversial University Reforms", "abstract_raw": "The latest attempt to reform Italy9s archaic university system passed an important milestone last week when the Italian Parliament9s lower house approved a proposed law aimed at eliminating nepotism in academic appointments as well as improving the quality of teaching and research. The reforms must still be given a final approval by the Italian Senate, however, and it is possible, although unlikely, that the bill will be abandoned following a no-confidence vote on the center-right government of Silvio Berlusconi on 14 December. * Edwin Cartlidge is a freelance writer based in Rome." }, { "paper": "2074856436", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2010", "title": "the campaign dynamics of economic voting", "label": [ "156160270", "3116431", "143838007", "30231744", "48226144", "520049643", "200288055", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2644788026", "2523862123" ], "reference": [ "149213643", "199238147", "310176263", "338143437", "575148534", "610650680", "613925051", "614917022", "626858470", "1533726682", "1543446303", "1546542748", "1600566067", "1692053227", "1741761693", "1966114254", "1977408164", "1977825494", "1982640169", "1991385720", "1997250876", "2001565484", "2001898713", "2011677644", "2015475645", "2016382728", "2023543205", "2023543516", "2025358956", "2037456332", "2048121899", "2049873724", "2063608249", "2075884637", "2096735723", "2097730865", "2111233238", "2112196972", "2115074743", "2140025736", "2147973579", "2150779982", "2150796138", "2155534328", "2160166816", "2264140324", "2314625044", "2316444829", "2321659091", "2322660909", "2329103711", "2329648039", "2796863638", "2797583072", "3124473222", "3138417305" ], "abstract": "this paper considers the relationship between election campaigns and the impact of economic evaluations on vote choice the motivation is the standard expectation that the campaign generally serves to amplify the significance of economic considerations in the voter s calculus to focus his her attention on this fundamental element of the electoral decision drawing on survey data from ten national elections across four countries canada new zealand the united kingdom and the united states and applying both parametric and semi parametric statistical techniques the paper finds no support for this proposition the paper reflects on the significance of this conclusion for work on political learning during election campaigns the literature on economic voting and the study of electoral behaviour more generally", "title_raw": "The campaign dynamics of economic voting", "abstract_raw": "This paper considers the relationship between election campaigns and the impact of economic evaluations on vote choice. The motivation is the standard expectation that the campaign generally serves to amplify the significance of economic considerations in the voter's calculus\u2014to focus his/her attention on this \u201cfundamental\u201d element of the electoral decision. Drawing on survey data from ten national elections across four countries (Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States) and applying both parametric and semi-parametric statistical techniques, the paper finds no support for this proposition. The paper reflects on the significance of this conclusion for work on political learning during election campaigns, the literature on economic voting, and the study of electoral behaviour more generally." }, { "paper": "2162538306", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2010", "title": "symbolic versus blind patriotism distinction without difference", "label": [ "94625758", "2776786559" ], "author": [ "2505734714" ], "reference": [ "146140065", "182333602", "196041357", "369595510", "560152259", "651057381", "654710005", "1555649551", "1558929270", "1586329218", "1788845434", "1867670677", "1888112644", "1896027656", "1966754005", "1970863987", "1976749659", "1977652203", "1978544641", "1979728171", "1983219615", "1984327624", "1984939193", "1986008536", "1986056512", "1989724650", "1996790102", "2003377264", "2008707618", "2012451429", "2016382728", "2035008152", "2041012245", "2045122063", "2051401435", "2059334100", "2064468954", "2065976328", "2068370029", "2074094760", "2075405462", "2078267712", "2084255779", "2092327776", "2101215121", "2106541749", "2106594414", "2107749391", "2111952268", "2111964893", "2113331179", "2116267601", "2126710373", "2135752513", "2139519757", "2147155252", "2147266581", "2151114838", "2155253478", "2156629136", "2160586511", "2161942246", "2162667412", "2164232643", "2164947310", "2304361434", "2314297371", "2319335958", "2320043964", "2322339881", "2327638211", "2431375015", "2751031476", "2753221422", "2803436129", "2999426590" ], "abstract": "patriotism is an important predictor of political attitudes and preferences nevertheless the complexity of patriotism remains unresolved especially as it pertains to blind and symbolic patriotis", "title_raw": "Symbolic versus Blind Patriotism Distinction without Difference", "abstract_raw": "Patriotism is an important predictor of political attitudes and preferences. Nevertheless, the complexity of patriotism remains unresolved, especially as it pertains to blind and symbolic patriotis..." }, { "paper": "2079229154", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "obama picks pragmatists for new bioethics panel", "label": [ "199539241", "188084074" ], "author": [ "2188333814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "u s science policypresident barack obama named the members of his bioethics commission headed by two university presidents last week the 12 member group selected more for practical advice than for philosophizing as the last one was prone to will hold its first meeting in washington d c in july", "title_raw": "Obama Picks Pragmatists for New Bioethics Panel", "abstract_raw": "U.S. Science PolicyPresident Barack Obama named the members of his bioethics commission\u2014headed by two university presidents\u2014last week. The 12-member group, selected more for practical advice than for philosophizing, as the last one was prone to, will hold its first meeting in Washington, D.C., in July." }, { "paper": "2315331496", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2010", "title": "mini symposium political theory as a profession and a subfield in political science", "label": [ "79841651", "81307892", "94625758", "31168002", "153725588", "2776398702", "58805660", "96756911" ], "author": [ "2150741312", "2228758654" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in 2007 the political science department at pennsylvania state university psu decided to discontinue polit ical theory as a course of study for doctoral stu dents this decision ignited a controversy that is still brewing over the role of political theory as a subfield in the discipline some eighty five self identified politi cal theorists signed a letter challenging the wisdom of the psu decision and argued that training in political theory was not only an essential part of graduate train ing in political science given its subfield status but also central to the study of political life itself in response professor timothy v kaufman osborn wrote a pro vocative essay challenging this self conception of political theory as a distinct area of study within politi cal science and questioning whether it might not be desirable to adopt greater critical distance between political scientists and political theorists kaufman osborn s essay was widely circulated and became the focus of a roundtable discussion at the 2009 american political science association s apsa annual meeting in toronto canada this special mini symposium focuses on the status of political theory as a profession and a subfield in political science it features the kaufman osborn essay and critical responses by several members of the apsa roundtable wendy brown university of california berkeley mary hawkesworth rutgers university john gunnell university of california davis and gregory j kasza indiana university while the contributors to this mini symposium disagree among themselves about the past and the future of political theory their dialogue offers readers an interesting perspective about the development of political theory both as a set of professional practices and as a normative enterprise", "title_raw": "Mini-Symposium: Political Theory as a Profession and a Subfield in Political Science?", "abstract_raw": "In 2007 the political science department at Pennsylvania State University (PSU) decided to discontinue polit ical theory as a course of study for doctoral stu dents. This decision ignited a controversy that is still brewing over the role of political theory as a subfield in the discipline. Some eighty-five self-identified politi cal theorists signed a letter challenging the wisdom of the PSU decision and argued that training in political theory was not only an essential part of graduate train ing in political science given its subfield status but also central to the study of political life itself. In response, Professor Timothy V. Kaufman-Osborn wrote a pro vocative essay challenging this self-conception of political theory as a distinct area of study within politi cal science and questioning whether it might not be desirable to adopt greater critical distance between political scientists and political theorists. Kaufman Osborn's essay was widely circulated and became the focus of a roundtable discussion at the 2009 American Political Science Association's (APSA) annual meeting in Toronto, Canada. This special mini-symposium focuses on the status of political theory as a profession and a subfield in political science. It features the Kaufman-Osborn essay and critical responses by several members of the APSA roundtable: Wendy Brown (University of California, Berkeley), Mary Hawkesworth (Rutgers University), John Gunnell (University of California, Davis), and Gregory J. Kasza (Indiana University). While the contributors to this mini symposium disagree among themselves about the past and the future of \"political theory,\" their dialogue offers readers an interesting perspective about the development of political theory both as a set of professional practices and as a normative enterprise." }, { "paper": "2000167492", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2010", "title": "what stops the torture", "label": [ "2776331573", "148834064", "2776398702", "555826173", "2781067243", "544040105", "199539241", "523173360" ], "author": [ "2146783855", "2152960563" ], "reference": [ "34634340", "161694844", "307590968", "571781480", "581044078", "625996290", "659330557", "799529961", "1009320516", "1509373589", "1561406324", "1566344170", "1568853095", "1578988754", "1581908573", "1597529951", "1965359947", "1973630487", "1985216077", "1987735095", "1988797246", "1993132818", "1999326695", "2004762468", "2007352806", "2010172644", "2010230816", "2011054745", "2023160676", "2028356508", "2032875594", "2040326832", "2044547620", "2058382513", "2075957677", "2083248114", "2083513139", "2083620364", "2085745062", "2089314759", "2102255326", "2105736111", "2107573187", "2121063378", "2121275048", "2123359946", "2123615430", "2129342810", "2131830082", "2143395739", "2149047800", "2150257712", "2150392156", "2150568847", "2151780178", "2155340768", "2158315867", "2160446276", "2160782897", "2169568540", "2170125557", "2271020671", "2295234809", "2475677133", "2520474420", "2609343980", "2890840375", "3123023216", "3132464472" ], "abstract": "states whose agents engage in torture in a given year have a 93 chance of continuing to torture in the following year what leads governments to stop the use of torture we focus on the principal agent relationship between the executive and the individuals responsible for supervising and interrogating state prisoners we argue that some liberal democratic institutions change the probability that leaders support the creation of institutions that discourage jailers and interrogators from engaging in torture thus increasing the probability of a state terminating its use of torture these relationships are strongly conditioned by the presence of violent dissent states rarely terminate the use of torture when they face a threat once campaigns of violent dissent stop however states with popular suffrage and a free press are considerably more likely to terminate their use of torture also given the end of violent dissent the greater the number of veto points in government the lower the likelihood that a state terminates its use of torture", "title_raw": "What Stops the Torture", "abstract_raw": "States whose agents engage in torture in a given year have a 93% chance of continuing to torture in the following year. What leads governments to stop the use of torture? We focus on the principal\u2013agent relationship between the executive and the individuals responsible for supervising and interrogating state prisoners. We argue that some liberal democratic institutions change the probability that leaders support the creation of institutions that discourage jailers and interrogators from engaging in torture, thus increasing the probability of a state terminating its use of torture. These relationships are strongly conditioned by the presence of violent dissent; states rarely terminate the use of torture when they face a threat. Once campaigns of violent dissent stop, however, states with popular suffrage and a free press are considerably more likely to terminate their use of torture. Also given the end of violent dissent, the greater the number of veto points in government, the lower the likelihood that a state terminates its use of torture." }, { "paper": "2156086076", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2010", "title": "law and war in american history", "label": [ "543051216", "158786674", "167388122", "141449913", "203715995", "199539241", "195064531" ], "author": [ "2559107173" ], "reference": [ "1996347826", "2481214557", "2490679187" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Law and War in American History", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3124365353", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2010", "title": "withdrawing from international custom", "label": [ "55447825", "2776713681", "2779913896", "2779921323", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2127408508", "2029301187" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Withdrawing from International Custom", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1979577091", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2010", "title": "climate not to blame for african civil wars", "label": [ "2780966255", "81631423" ], "author": [ "15525238" ], "reference": [ "651007490", "1576016952", "1576727408", "1849975928", "1977890369", "2007352806", "2009595209", "2016020226", "2027918095", "2028416373", "2050900971", "2077085353", "2078707717", "2105352486", "2111324274", "2114160362", "2126975094", "2131830082", "2141244894", "2147039585", "2147476655", "2151780178", "2151808187", "2152599510", "2152970381", "2154040214", "2169103577", "2907110490", "2917067050", "2939474406", "3125231023" ], "abstract": "vocal actors within policy and practice contend that environmental variability and shocks such as drought and prolonged heat waves drive civil wars in africa recently a widely publicized scientific article appears to substantiate this claim this paper investigates the empirical foundation for the claimed relationship in detail using a host of different model specifications and alternative measures of drought heat and civil war the paper concludes that climate variability is a poor predictor of armed conflict instead african civil wars can be explained by generic structural and contextual conditions prevalent ethno political exclusion poor national economy and the collapse of the cold war system", "title_raw": "Climate not to blame for African civil wars", "abstract_raw": "Vocal actors within policy and practice contend that environmental variability and shocks, such as drought and prolonged heat waves, drive civil wars in Africa. Recently, a widely publicized scientific article appears to substantiate this claim. This paper investigates the empirical foundation for the claimed relationship in detail. Using a host of different model specifications and alternative measures of drought, heat, and civil war, the paper concludes that climate variability is a poor predictor of armed conflict. Instead, African civil wars can be explained by generic structural and contextual conditions: prevalent ethno-political exclusion, poor national economy, and the collapse of the Cold War system." }, { "paper": "1925979558", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2010", "title": "party identification issue attitudes and the dynamics of political debate", "label": [ "2778584109", "3116431", "2775987171", "529147693", "94625758", "2777732099", "2778521920", "2777022163" ], "author": [ "1967446100", "2137120976" ], "reference": [ "178177854", "199238147", "560152259", "596577994", "1534757324", "1559198035", "1665332082", "1967430235", "1968524945", "1971470082", "1978072519", "1978544641", "1985967685", "2002144469", "2036794832", "2049873724", "2050937055", "2061630911", "2062962096", "2071666535", "2110603447", "2112557327", "2123702190", "2132488280", "2134827477", "2147973579", "2155333785", "2157979842", "2167121898", "2316444829", "2319951792", "2322912595", "2325834499", "2329648039", "2330426850" ], "abstract": "this article investigates whether media coverage of elite debate surrounding an issue moderates the relationship between individual level partisan identities and issue preferences we posit that when the news media cover debate among partisan elites on a given issue citizens update their party identities and issue attitudes we test this proposition for a quartet of prominent issues debated during the first clinton term health care reform welfare reform gay rights and affirmative action drawing on data from the vanderbilt television news archives and the 1992 93 94 96 nes panel we demonstrate that when partisan debate on an important issue receives extensive media coverage partisanship systematically affects and is affected by issue attitudes when the issue is not being contested dynamic updating between party ties and issue attitudes ceases", "title_raw": "Party Identification, Issue Attitudes, and the Dynamics of Political Debate", "abstract_raw": "This article investigates whether media coverage of elite debate surrounding an issue moderates the relationship between individual-level partisan identities and issue preferences. We posit that when the news media cover debate among partisan elites on a given issue, citizens update their party identities and issue attitudes. We test this proposition for a quartet of prominent issues debated during the first Clinton term: health care reform, welfare reform, gay rights, and affirmative action. Drawing on data from the Vanderbilt Television News Archives and the 1992-93-94-96 NES panel, we demonstrate that when partisan debate on an important issue receives extensive media coverage, partisanship systematically affects\u2014and is affected by\u2014issue attitudes. When the issue is not being contested, dynamic updating between party ties and issue attitudes ceases." }, { "paper": "2001954721", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2010", "title": "the authoritarian challenge", "label": [ "68346564" ], "author": [ "2151336104" ], "reference": [ "581913938" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Authoritarian Challenge", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2076970894", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2010", "title": "how do ethnic militias perpetuate in nigeria a micro level perspective on the oodua people s congress", "label": [ "137403100", "2778651285", "68062652" ], "author": [ "2893062948" ], "reference": [ "576886726", "606783974", "634140772", "636940889", "1489131820", "1549977703", "1570473189", "1605448893", "1939866151", "1980111222", "1986988487", "2001785562", "2011833105", "2052769750", "2090528102", "2102813049", "2122899622", "2124669368", "2125800013", "2143944335", "2154576046", "2157944623", "2159191507", "2165611314", "2916675555", "2917704066", "3121862807", "3125965810" ], "abstract": "the paper discusses the recently promoted view that organized insurgent violence should either be conducted by activists bonded together by social capital ties or self interested quasi mercenaries depending on the type of financial resources available to the group we contrast this perspective with the study of an ethnic nigerian militia the oodua people s congress opc it appears that the success of this militia over time was jointly sustained by important preexisting social connections and numerous opportunities for economic gains the perpetuation of opc we argue is ensured by a moral economy whose members enjoy self insurance in an environment perceived as unsafe", "title_raw": "How Do Ethnic Militias Perpetuate in Nigeria? A Micro-level Perspective on the Oodua People\u2019s Congress", "abstract_raw": "The paper discusses the recently promoted view that organized insurgent violence should either be conducted by activists bonded together by social capital ties or self-interested quasi-mercenaries, depending on the type of financial resources available to the group. We contrast this perspective with the study of an ethnic Nigerian militia, the Oodua People\u2019s Congress (OPC). It appears that the success of this militia over time was jointly sustained by important preexisting social connections and numerous opportunities for economic gains. The perpetuation of OPC, we argue, is ensured by a \u201cmoral economy\u201d whose members enjoy self-insurance in an environment perceived as unsafe." }, { "paper": "1989644691", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2010", "title": "toward a model of political organization public relationships antecedent and cultivation strategy influence on citizens relationships with political parties", "label": [ "59742305", "39549134", "2781195187", "197487636", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2060218350", "2132467471" ], "reference": [ "272212783", "1485641469", "1485977648", "1491649761", "1495928467", "1499493670", "1568048105", "1807653197", "1968973086", "1969913126", "1976025742", "1976688845", "1986838123", "1989886188", "1999032687", "2000556368", "2001264547", "2004261569", "2015652520", "2017204342", "2019889574", "2028275946", "2042884541", "2049527133", "2055942833", "2057683109", "2064453257", "2071565322", "2081958455", "2088703500", "2093804816", "2115864206", "2118660346", "2121457089", "2132488280", "2132841365", "2164597889", "2165608832", "2165782497", "2482465683", "2999099443", "3003297455", "3004712110", "3011074188", "3089047915", "3147173257", "3201512154" ], "abstract": "this study examined the organization public relationship between citizens and their political parties against the backdrop of the 2008 presidential general election employing a telephone survey of registered voters n 508 we investigated the interaction of politically relevant relationship antecedents relationship cultivation strategies used by political parties perceptions of the organization public relationship between voters and their party and outcomes of the relationship to test a model of political organization public relationships poprs time interpersonal trust mediated communication interpersonal communication and dialogic communication emerged as significant predictors of popr strength the findings lay the groundwork for further investigation of poprs", "title_raw": "Toward a Model of Political Organization\u2013Public Relationships: Antecedent and Cultivation Strategy Influence on Citizens' Relationships with Political Parties", "abstract_raw": "This study examined the organization\u2013public relationship between citizens and their political parties against the backdrop of the 2008 presidential general election. Employing a telephone survey of registered voters (n\u00a0=\u00a0508), we investigated the interaction of politically relevant relationship antecedents, relationship cultivation strategies used by political parties, perceptions of the organization\u2013public relationship between voters and their party, and outcomes of the relationship to test a model of political organization\u2013public relationships (POPRs). Time, interpersonal trust, mediated communication, interpersonal communication, and dialogic communication emerged as significant predictors of POPR strength. The findings lay the groundwork for further investigation of POPRs." }, { "paper": "2136352416", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2010", "title": "the effect of nomination divisiveness on the 2008 presidential election", "label": [ "2776129789", "197487636", "177324205", "59742305", "2776398702", "2775925287", "2776985886" ], "author": [ "2131987216" ], "reference": [ "1969340302", "1982174184", "2009860307", "2022396045", "2034627944", "2035919441", "2056991013", "2061927774", "2062063034", "2064119914", "2065888907", "2087750486", "2091903963", "2105461445", "2116148314", "2129528267", "2135498032", "2139977407", "2141798092", "2144215814", "2312207764", "2316667213", "2319339409", "2324143152", "2328584264" ], "abstract": "this research examines the effect of disgruntlement among primary and caucus voters who supported u s presidential nomination losers a potentially divisive nomination process i analyze the general election voting behavior of primary and caucus voters in the 2008 presidential election to determine if differences exist between supporters of the winning nominee in each party and backers of other candidates who also sought the nomination a multivariate analysis of the determinants of loyal party vote suggests that clinton and edwards supporters showed a significantly higher degree of defection in the general election although this behavior did not occur among people who voted for romney or huckabee in their state s primary or caucus", "title_raw": "The Effect of Nomination Divisiveness on the 2008 Presidential Election", "abstract_raw": "This research examines the effect of disgruntlement among primary and caucus voters who supported U.S. presidential nomination losers\u2014a potentially divisive nomination process. I analyze the general election voting behavior of primary and caucus voters in the 2008 presidential election to determine if differences exist between supporters of the winning nominee in each party and backers of other candidates who also sought the nomination. A multivariate analysis of the determinants of \u201cloyal party vote\u201d suggests that Clinton and Edwards supporters showed a significantly higher degree of defection in the general election, although this behavior did not occur among people who voted for Romney or Huckabee in their state's primary or caucus." }, { "paper": "2355096196", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2010", "title": "what kind of education do international students in china need on the basis of data from four universities in shanghai", "label": [ "148834064", "39549134", "191935318", "2775995803" ], "author": [ "2349073843" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "to further increase the number of international students in china is one of the major targets of educational reform and development in order to realize the target it is necessary to understand comprehensively the opinions of international students shanghai is one of the provinces which have the highest density of international students therefore to some extent data collected among international students in shanghai universities reflect the opinions of international students in china based on a questionnaire survey implemented in four universities in shanghai it is found that the current regulations made by the government and universities are usually based on the need of administrators and therefore are divorced in some degree from the need of the students as a result the level of satisfaction among international students with education in shanghai is relatively low", "title_raw": "What Kind of Education Do International Students in China Need\u2014\u2014On the Basis of Data from Four Universities in Shanghai", "abstract_raw": "To further increase the number of international students in China is one of the major targets of educational reform and development.In order to realize the target,it is necessary to understand comprehensively the opinions of international students.Shanghai is one of the provinces which have the highest density of international students.Therefore,to some extent,data collected among international students in Shanghai universities reflect the opinions of international students in China.Based on a questionnaire survey implemented in four universities in Shanghai,it is found that the current regulations made by the government and universities are usually based on the need of administrators,and therefore are divorced,in some degree,from the need of the students.As a result,the level of satisfaction among international students with education in Shanghai is relatively low." }, { "paper": "2094092401", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2010", "title": "the 2009 romanian presidential election", "label": [ "2776129789", "45184978", "59742305" ], "author": [ "2114958589", "106373708", "2097455486" ], "reference": [ "1980045314", "2004386587", "2050996151" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The 2009 Romanian presidential election", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3125645861", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2010", "title": "privacy personhood and the courts foia exemption 7 c in context", "label": [ "2779971774", "2778348171", "2778272461", "2775833480", "548836952", "2780883770", "199539241", "17319257" ], "author": [ "2224513574" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Privacy, Personhood, and the Courts: FOIA Exemption 7(C) in Context", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2146624446", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2010", "title": "assessing international aid for local governance in the western balkans", "label": [ "3116431", "2778719706", "17058734", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2052158872" ], "reference": [ "63227424", "88935602", "90463395", "231191993", "591651738", "633130113", "658344586", "1490439974", "1491471703", "1494416504", "1496896826", "1515424492", "1528566708", "1803819218", "1978940062", "2006372927", "2013156164", "2026358075", "2045550592", "2052721555", "2081864674", "2092684119", "2094455902", "2107992979", "2139707590", "2587708037", "2768591819", "2897384354", "2954873611", "3125796643", "3142570219", "3149953018" ], "abstract": "this article investigates the impact of international efforts to cultivate effective and authoritative local governing institutions in the western balkans a prime testing ground for democratization aid to post war states it explores three hypotheses each of which argues that a particular approach of international actors toward domestic officials best improves the quality of local governance the study s gathering of interview and survey data from field based actors enables it to evaluate local government reforms impact on domestic communities this investigation arrives at three findings first in the view of western balkan peoples local governance reforms do not produce benefits when they are either imposed or ignored by international authorities secondly reforms produce benefits for local communities when they are designed to meet domestic concerns more specifically reforms valued by local communities are designed in ways that respond to domestic rather than international concepts of good lo", "title_raw": "Assessing international aid for local governance in the Western Balkans", "abstract_raw": "This article investigates the impact of international efforts to cultivate effective and authoritative local governing institutions in the Western Balkans, a prime testing ground for democratization aid to post-war states. It explores three hypotheses, each of which argues that a particular approach of international actors toward domestic officials best improves the quality of local governance. The study's gathering of interview and survey data from field-based actors enables it to evaluate local government reforms' impact on domestic communities. This investigation arrives at three findings. First, in the view of Western Balkan peoples, local governance reforms do not produce benefits when they are either imposed or ignored by international authorities. Secondly, reforms produce benefits for local communities when they are designed to meet domestic concerns. More specifically, reforms valued by local communities are designed in ways that respond to domestic, rather than international, concepts of good lo..." }, { "paper": "1652644763", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2010", "title": "policy styles and degenerative politics poverty policy designs in newfoundland and quebec", "label": [ "37736160", "94625758", "3116431", "189326681" ], "author": [ "2748615478", "1521829621" ], "reference": [ "655163974", "1813255631", "1964361362", "1969887115", "1992201865", "1995304649", "2022056820", "2052125222", "2077765613", "2083204641", "2119266541", "2127078718", "2170381331", "2883143447" ], "abstract": "this article examines the proposal suggesting that policy designs are consistent with the social construction of target groups associated with policy design theory the proposal pessimistically suggests that underprivileged citizens will be targeted with policies that do little to help them creating a vicious circle of degenerative politics this article argues that the prevalence of degenerative politics depends on policy styles significant where the adversarial style prevails degenerative politics is less common in consensual systems this proposal is examined through a systematic content analysis of action plans to reduce poverty in newfoundland and quebec", "title_raw": "Policy Styles and Degenerative Politics: Poverty Policy Designs in Newfoundland and Quebec", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the proposal suggesting that policy designs are consistent with the social construction of target groups. Associated with policy design theory, the proposal pessimistically suggests that underprivileged citizens will be targeted with policies that do little to help them, creating a vicious circle of degenerative politics. This article argues that the prevalence of degenerative politics depends on policy styles. Significant where the adversarial style prevails, degenerative politics is less common in consensual systems. This proposal is examined through a systematic content analysis of action plans to reduce poverty in Newfoundland and Quebec." }, { "paper": "2119386774", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2010", "title": "the politics of happiness on the political determinants of quality of life in the american states", "label": [ "94625758", "522562087", "2776398702", "109986646", "158071213", "2778999518" ], "author": [ "2514396091", "2303495134", "1977830878" ], "reference": [ "22170446", "37984639", "233050575", "617737805", "1479851367", "1544829486", "1556057683", "1565868780", "1569924848", "1576153663", "1601426091", "1918976294", "1964676959", "1976370617", "1979001148", "1983312086", "1998095444", "2003630147", "2027350908", "2027626445", "2044574050", "2052156595", "2084528250", "2100617916", "2104361748", "2104929653", "2105853798", "2107984537", "2110161496", "2111838747", "2132317622", "2144821447", "2157207849", "2161079395", "2164916204", "2170084798", "2237157368", "2251106635", "2292655744", "2320047651", "2334675978", "2337979889", "2798823399", "2911752419", "2943155306", "3024446321", "3122858749", "3124559703", "3125017641", "3126140319", "3143760917", "3159875559" ], "abstract": "recent decades have witnessed the development of an extensive social scientific research program on the determinants of life satisfaction we examine the role of political factors in affecting quality of life in the context of the american states in particular we ask whether the choices made by voters as manifested by the governments they elect and the subsequent public policy regimes those governments establish determine the degree to which individuals find their lives satisfying we find that the different ideological and partisan orientations of state governments as well as a state s pattern of public policies have strong effects on satisfaction with life net of economic social and cultural factors the more a state attempts to insulate citizens against market forces the greater is satisfaction the implications for american politics and our theoretical understanding of the mechanisms that determine quality of life are discussed", "title_raw": "The Politics of Happiness: On the Political Determinants of Quality of Life in the American States", "abstract_raw": "Recent decades have witnessed the development of an extensive social scientific research program on the determinants of life satisfaction. We examine the role of political factors in affecting quality of life in the context of the American states. In particular, we ask whether the choices made by voters, as manifested by the governments they elect, and the subsequent public policy regimes those governments establish, determine the degree to which individuals find their lives satisfying. We find that the different ideological and partisan orientations of state governments, as well as a state\u2019s pattern of public policies, have strong effects on satisfaction with life, net of economic, social, and cultural factors. The more a state attempts to insulate citizens against market forces, the greater is satisfaction. The implications for American politics and our theoretical understanding of the mechanisms that determine quality of life are discussed." }, { "paper": "2911686817", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2010", "title": "twenty years of postcommunism citizenship restored", "label": [ "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2617260315" ], "reference": [ "366810107", "617751419", "619232738", "1494137839", "1509086334", "1525903759", "2059967749", "2102996020", "2587327797", "2596406261", "2799282669" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Twenty Years of Postcommunism: Citizenship Restored", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2770082094", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2010", "title": "privatisation against the european social model a critique of european policies and proposals for alternatives book review", "label": [ "2780433478" ], "author": [ "2768880732" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Privatisation against the European social model: a critique of European policies and proposals for alternatives (book review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2540832285", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2010", "title": "the game changer", "label": [ "17058734", "191935318" ], "author": [ "888279312" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Game Changer", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2323329408", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2010", "title": "reputation and civil war why separatist conflicts are so violent by barbara f walter new york cambridge university press 2009 272p 31 99", "label": [ "48798503", "81631423" ], "author": [ "2100412567" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reputation and Civil War: Why Separatist Conflicts Are So Violent . By Barbara F. Walter. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 272p. $31.99.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2072426359", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2010", "title": "hard choices security democracy and regionalism in southeast asia donald k emmerson ed stanford ca stanford university institute of southeast asian studies 2008 pp xxi 397", "label": [ "549326192", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2145164084" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Hard Choices: Security, Democracy and Regionalism in Southeast Asia , Donald K. Emmerson, ed., Stanford CA: Stanford University; Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2008, pp. xxi, 397", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2053819242", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2010", "title": "the reformation of iraq s foreign relations new elites and enduring legacies", "label": [ "44394981", "2776398702", "201960208", "94625758", "93377909", "188888794" ], "author": [ "2070593074" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "iraq has not enjoyed regular foreign relations since 2003 and arguably for several years before looking ahead iraq is now in a position to develop its foreign relations fully yet how these relations will be constructed remains unclear as with all states iraq s foreign policy remains conditioned by geopolitical factors and in particular control of resources access to waterways and its geographical location between the arab world turkey and iran there are also the legacies of the ba athist regime to consider and especially the way foreign policy was constructed and how foreign was defined in terms of foreign to the regime rather than to iraq layered on top of these geopolitical determinants and legacies is the reality of the post 2003 state with the removal of the structures of the ba athist regime and the emergence of new political elites under the guidance of the us iraq s foreign relations are now clearly different yet some of the patterns of the past still remain very much in place", "title_raw": "The reformation of Iraq's foreign relations: new elites and enduring legacies", "abstract_raw": "Iraq has not enjoyed regular foreign relations since 2003, and arguably for several years before. Looking ahead, Iraq is now in a position to develop its foreign relations fully, yet how these relations will be constructed remains unclear. As with all states, Iraq's foreign policy remains conditioned by geopolitical factors\u2014 and in particular control of resources, access to waterways, and its geographical location between the Arab world, Turkey, and Iran. There are also the legacies of the Ba'athist regime to consider\u2014and especially the way foreign policy was constructed, and how \u2018foreign\u2019 was defined in terms of foreign to the regime, rather than to Iraq. Layered on top of these geopolitical determinants and legacies is the reality of the post-2003 state. With the removal of the structures of the Ba'athist regime and the emergence of new political elites under the guidance of the US, Iraq's foreign relations are now clearly different, yet some of the patterns of the past still remain very much in place." }, { "paper": "2032573565", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2010", "title": "the new welfare bureaucrats entanglements of race class and policy reform", "label": [ "3116431", "100243477" ], "author": [ "2986608717" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The New Welfare Bureaucrats: Entanglements of Race, Class, and Policy Reform", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2037396029", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2010", "title": "measures of democratization from degree to type to war", "label": [ "17058734", "48327123", "555826173", "2779707719" ], "author": [ "1219205542" ], "reference": [ "34845191", "51774562", "105664592", "415823716", "1482188758", "1520941532", "1527955492", "1533369859", "1576936374", "1906884771", "1975027742", "1978456111", "1979325127", "1985843348", "1985976588", "1990728357", "1990928081", "1994330466", "2001016723", "2001795113", "2005821090", "2006497185", "2007352806", "2009166421", "2011832841", "2014419978", "2014724358", "2017135173", "2020132181", "2024693924", "2029954588", "2030019874", "2030914891", "2034652446", "2035677664", "2038858335", "2045149844", "2045672904", "2052621578", "2052775647", "2054351598", "2062695943", "2074064000", "2076614180", "2077015124", "2087035658", "2090227495", "2091753442", "2097619746", "2102255326", "2107559193", "2107992979", "2108159867", "2115971842", "2116430815", "2125015111", "2127866940", "2132509947", "2133317642", "2134174308", "2134186981", "2135293199", "2135309727", "2137599576", "2141149853", "2142662663", "2143395739", "2143973420", "2146240021", "2148388782", "2151463381", "2154363475", "2155433596", "2161709053", "2162818481", "2165173504", "2165757691", "2323661421", "2331890958", "2462187643", "2499908891", "2527243919", "2551746663", "2802379940", "2973712937", "2994956782", "3121898632", "3122277650", "3125151367" ], "abstract": "the global spread of democracy has not resulted in scholarly consensus on how to conceptualize and measure democratization the recent proliferation of hybrid regimes has encouraged attempts to empirically capture these new categories with the help of existing measures of democracy raising the question of how one can go from degree to type this issue has gained in salience because of the claim that incomplete democratic transitions stopping halfway between dictatorship and democracy increase the chance of war this article presents a first overview of the different ways in which democratization has been defined and measured in addition it shows how scholars have used freedom house and polity scores to build regime typologies a reexamination of the results of mansfield and snyder s thesis about democratization and war shows the importance of operationalization and casts further doubt on the empirical robustness of their claims", "title_raw": "Measures of Democratization: From Degree to Type to War", "abstract_raw": "The global spread of democracy has not resulted in scholarly consensus on how to conceptualize and measure democratization. The recent proliferation of hybrid regimes has encouraged attempts to empirically capture these new categories with the help of existing measures of democracy, raising the question of how one can go from degree to type. This issue has gained in salience because of the claim that incomplete democratic transitions, stopping halfway between dictatorship and democracy, increase the chance of war. This article presents a first overview of the different ways in which democratization has been defined and measured. In addition, it shows how scholars have used Freedom House and Polity scores to build regime typologies. A reexamination of the results of Mansfield and Snyder\u2019s thesis about democratization and war shows the importance of operationalization and casts further doubt on the empirical robustness of their claims." }, { "paper": "2074834542", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2010", "title": "book review lael brainard and derek chollet eds too poor for peace global poverty conflict and security in the 21st century washington dc brookings institution press 2007 175 pp 22 95 pbk", "label": [ "189326681", "2780510313" ], "author": [ "2698065948" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Lael Brainard and Derek Chollet (eds), Too Poor for Peace? Global Poverty, Conflict, and Security in the 21st Century (Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2007, 175 pp., $22.95 pbk)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2157118202", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2010", "title": "world war i and the system of 1896", "label": [ "2779220109", "555826173", "152192407", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2026266778" ], "reference": [ "605107853", "608132989", "638880805", "1516905032", "1550093327", "1552466412", "1968104076", "1978709848", "1980020683", "1980377313", "1990409378", "1994486077", "2002462011", "2007618214", "2015232859", "2016113558", "2022811759", "2025121972", "2027215565", "2033423405", "2043437155", "2049147191", "2053649033", "2057012170", "2067586664", "2081527041", "2084241780", "2103937568", "2109422551", "2114934143", "2135796387", "2163053777", "2169418030", "2172159182", "2318255442", "2324122490", "2425663685", "2466390767", "2497630292", "2498042959", "2797739049", "2798826866", "2799827382", "2946577496", "2984957699", "3121358377", "3128343880" ], "abstract": "realignment theory has long offered the primary framework for understanding american political history particularly as it relates to the party system the system of 1896 is central to the theory and holds that william mckinley s victory in that year ushered in a republican dominated era lasting until democrat franklin d roosevelt s election in 1932 the 10 years of partial and six years of total democratic control of congress and the white house 1910 20 during this 36 year stretch 1896 1932 remains an anomaly among realignment theorists i conduct content analyses of democratic and republican party documents and media commentary and find that world war i played a crucial role in the gop s resurgence in 1920 this conclusion highlights realignment theory s failure to account for the important role of international events and contingency in general", "title_raw": "World War I and the \u201cSystem of 1896\u201d", "abstract_raw": "Realignment theory has long offered the primary framework for understanding American political history, particularly as it relates to the party system. The \u201cSystem of 1896\u201d is central to the theory and holds that William McKinley\u2019s victory in that year ushered in a Republican-dominated era lasting until Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt\u2019s election in 1932. The 10 years of partial\u2014and six years of total\u2014Democratic control of Congress and the White House (1910\u201320) during this 36-year stretch (1896\u20131932) remains an anomaly among realignment theorists. I conduct content analyses of Democratic and Republican party documents and media commentary and find that World War I played a crucial role in the GOP\u2019s resurgence in 1920. This conclusion highlights realignment theory\u2019s failure to account for the important role of international events and contingency in general." }, { "paper": "2033351235", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2010", "title": "strange bedfellows u s bargaining behavior with allies of convenience", "label": [ "201960208", "2778431023", "2776661704", "93377909", "158071213", "2780435932" ], "author": [ "2133350395" ], "reference": [ "110275460", "132993112", "183747230", "404564579", "577369958", "578700348", "588893532", "590699556", "594028123", "603968156", "610172840", "630415537", "634460162", "636222397", "644270050", "654798922", "1481997341", "1490473279", "1496235660", "1513984044", "1541787480", "1552843293", "1563422911", "1567322620", "1588354150", "1598136350", "1605662196", "1965366436", "1967428144", "1971966412", "1979086125", "2001039043", "2001441241", "2003406578", "2006001409", "2026248322", "2026310278", "2028043779", "2029920660", "2031550080", "2048513137", "2053937320", "2058591798", "2063978416", "2068869385", "2089486804", "2089576266", "2103294181", "2105444834", "2105985167", "2109452012", "2114871756", "2121697314", "2124072747", "2129568709", "2134978940", "2142130051", "2144895648", "2144959665", "2146884126", "2163713221", "2166735555", "2796697236", "2797713899", "2799635884", "2800662148", "2802697127", "2831247417", "2994439679", "3021363567", "3124051341" ], "abstract": "despite the ubiquity of the term alliance of convenience the dynamics of these especially tenuous alliances have not been systematically explored by scholars or policymakers an alliance of convenience is the initiation of security cooperation between ideological and geopolitical adversaries in response to an overarching third party threat they are conceptually different from other types of alliances neorealist two level games and neoclassical realist theories all seek to explain the outcome of intra alliance bargaining between the united states and allies of convenience since 1945 neorealism and two level games theories broadly predict successful u s bargaining because of the united states favorable position in the international system and the relatively tight constraints on executive power in the united states respectively by contrast neoclassical realism predicts that tight constraints on executive power in the united states should have led the foreign policy executive to bargain unsuccessfully with allies of convenience in the case of the u s alliance of convenience with iraq during the 1980 88 iran iraq war neoclassical realism best explains the outcome of u s bargaining with iraq this case has implications for other u s bargaining efforts", "title_raw": "Strange Bedfellows: U.S Bargaining Behavior with Allies of Convenience", "abstract_raw": "Despite the ubiquity of the term \"alliance of convenience,\" the dynamics of these especially tenuous alliances have not been systematically explored by scholars or policymakers. An alliance of convenience is the initiation of security cooperation between ideological and geopolitical adversaries in response to an overarching third-party threat; they are conceptually different from other types of alliances. Neorealist, two-level games, and neoclassical realist theories all seek to explain the outcome of intra-alliance bargaining between the United States and allies of convenience since 1945. Neorealism and two-level games theories broadly predict successful U.S. bargaining because of the United States' favorable position in the international system and the relatively tight constraints on executive power in the United States, respectively. By contrast, neoclassical realism predicts that tight constraints on executive power in the United States should have led the foreign policy executive to bargain unsuccessfully with allies of convenience. In the case of the U.S. alliance of convenience with Iraq during the 1980\u201388 Iran-Iraq War, neoclassical realism best explains the outcome of U.S. bargaining with Iraq. This case has implications for other U.S. bargaining efforts." }, { "paper": "2161990143", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2010", "title": "physical integrity rights and terrorism", "label": [ "169437150", "2776240099", "203133693", "2776964827", "94625758", "199539241", "2775839188", "200288055", "2775923278" ], "author": [ "2181722261", "2111443613" ], "reference": [ "1987079893", "1994556694", "2020003754", "2074064000", "2119168393", "2119997724", "2122728939", "2141409714", "2156484524", "2159095021", "2272120667" ], "abstract": "can states afford to protect human rights when facing a terrorist threat contemporary academic literature suggests that the answer to this question is no concluding that states that afford their citizens basic political rights and civil liberties leave themselves more exposed to terrorist attacks piazza 2008 wade and reiter 2007 pape 2003 eubank and weinberg 1994 american policymakers seem to agree both the bush and obama administrations regard the curtailment of physical integrity rights as a necessary element of effective counterterrorism policy the bush administration responded to the terrorist attacks of september 11 2001 with policies permitting indefinite detention extraordinary rendition use of physically abusive interrogation practices and increased and largely unchecked surveillance and wiretapping of suspected terrorists although it banned abusive interrogation and announced plans to close the detention facility at guantanamo bay the obama administration has maintained the practice of wiretapping reserved the option of rendition and dramatically increased unmanned drone attacks against suspected terrorists in pakistan which often results in civilian casualties both presidents have claimed that these policies are necessary to keep americans safe from terrorism hosenball 2009 bush defends policy on terror detainees 2005", "title_raw": "Physical Integrity Rights and Terrorism", "abstract_raw": "Can states afford to protect human rights when facing a terrorist threat? Contemporary academic literature suggests that the answer to this question is no, concluding that states that afford their citizens basic political rights and civil liberties leave themselves more exposed to terrorist attacks (Piazza 2008 ; Wade and Reiter 2007 ; Pape 2003 ; Eubank and Weinberg 1994 ). American policymakers seem to agree. Both the Bush and Obama administrations regard the curtailment of physical integrity rights as a necessary element of effective counterterrorism policy. The Bush administration responded to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, with policies permitting indefinite detention, extraordinary rendition, use of physically abusive interrogation practices, and increased and largely unchecked surveillance and wiretapping of suspected terrorists. Although it banned abusive interrogation and announced plans to close the detention facility at Guantanamo Bay, the Obama administration has maintained the practice of wiretapping, reserved the option of rendition, and dramatically increased unmanned drone attacks against suspected terrorists in Pakistan, which often results in civilian casualties. Both presidents have claimed that these policies are necessary to keep Americans safe from terrorism (Hosenball 2009; \u201cBush Defends Policy on Terror Detainees\u201d 2005)." }, { "paper": "2044932450", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2010", "title": "multiple minorities and deceptive dichotomies the theoretical and political implications of the struggle for a public french education system in alberta", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "174575385", "2313972391" ], "reference": [ "313134013", "374487311", "568676505", "574394542", "574847312", "594986324", "607657759", "629003162", "634733034", "638477137", "650838732", "658528989", "1482940246", "1524273700", "1553475168", "1562235370", "1566540816", "1580893020", "1595622481", "1599152660", "1986820338", "1999698513", "2002562809", "2003394347", "2005061283", "2034631373", "2039737674", "2048326553", "2066707466", "2071035832", "2099111493", "2106594414", "2109871341", "2112596299", "2115513375", "2121206876", "2127061811", "2145382344", "2149788782", "2151200018", "2319357362", "2321788391", "2333525220", "2482779600", "2489972413", "2503077446", "2528470631", "2574973919", "2594010771", "2750460237", "2805478194", "2885948982", "2963293917" ], "abstract": "abstract in this article we re establish the relevance of linguistic diversity by highlighting that french is a minority language spoken by a growing number of non white and non christian minority groups including muslims these groups are often characterized in contemporary canada as essentially non modern traditional and opposed to secularism characterizations that were used historically to depict french ethnic minorities as essentially catholic traditional and non modern utilizing a historically grounded case study of the evolution of french language education rights in alberta the study reveals how franco albertans are a linguistic minority comprised of other minorities we also show the contradictions inherent in dichotomous representations of secularism when it comes to western and non western societies or christian and muslim groups we argue that in expanding the discipline s focus to deal with a wider range of groups analysts need to attend to how multiple minorities may take analytically relevant forms and be wary of evolutionary and dichotomous constructions of diverse others resume dans cet article nous redonnons une place importante a la question linguistique comme dimension politique fondamentale au canada et au francais comme langue minoritaire parlee par un nombre croissant de groupes minoritaires non blancs et non chretiens y compris les musulmans ces groupes ce qui n est pas selon nous sans interet sont souvent globalement decrits aujourd hui comme etant non modernes traditionnels et opposes au secularisme dans un discours qui n est pas sans evoquer la facon dont les canadiens francais furent historiquement decrits comme une societe strictement catholique et premoderne dans ce cas ci le canada francophone est etudie a travers le prisme de la francophonie albertaine elle meme composee de plusieurs minorites nous nous concentrons en particulier sur les droits scolaires en alberta et un lien est aussi etabli entre cette situation et la description souvent dichotomique par rapport au secularisme de la societe canadienne entre les groupes occidentaux et non occidentaux ou encore entre les groupes chretiens d un cote et de l autre les groupes de la diversite multiculturelle canadienne notamment les musulmans francophones la these de cet article est qu en elargissant le champ d investigation de la discipline de facon a inclure un eventail de groupes plus grand les analystes doivent etre vigilants quant a l articulation complexe du concept de minorites multiples de facon a eviter les constructions trop evolutionnistes et dichotomiques des divers autres", "title_raw": "Multiple Minorities and Deceptive Dichotomies: The Theoretical and Political Implications of the Struggle for a Public French Education System in Alberta", "abstract_raw": "Abstract. In this article we re-establish the relevance of linguistic diversity by highlighting that French is a minority language spoken by a growing number of non-white and non-Christian minority groups, including Muslims. These groups are often characterized in contemporary Canada as essentially non-modern, traditional and opposed to secularism\u2014characterizations that were used historically to depict French ethnic minorities as essentially Catholic, traditional and non-modern. Utilizing a historically grounded case study of the evolution of French language education rights in Alberta, the study reveals how \u201cFranco-Albertans\u201d are a linguistic minority comprised of other minorities. We also show the contradictions inherent in dichotomous representations of \u201csecularism\u201d when it comes to \u201cWestern\u201d and \u201cnon-Western\u201d societies, or \u201cChristian\u201d and \u201cMuslim\u201d groups. We argue that in expanding the discipline's focus to deal with a wider range of \u201cgroups,\u201d analysts need to attend to how \u201cmultiple minorities\u201d may take analytically relevant forms, and be wary of evolutionary and dichotomous constructions of diverse \u201cothers.\u201d Resume. Dans cet article, nous redonnons une place importante a la question linguistique comme dimension politique fondamentale au Canada, et au francais comme langue minoritaire parlee par un nombre croissant de groupes minoritaires non blancs et non chretiens, y compris les musulmans. Ces groupes, ce qui n'est pas selon nous sans interet, sont souvent globalement decrits aujourd'hui comme etant non modernes, traditionnels et opposes au secularisme dans un discours qui n'est pas sans evoquer la facon dont les Canadiens francais furent historiquement decrits comme une societe strictement catholique et premoderne. Dans ce cas-ci, le Canada francophone est etudie a travers le prisme de la francophonie albertaine, elle-meme composee de plusieurs minorites. Nous nous concentrons en particulier sur les droits scolaires en Alberta et un lien est aussi etabli entre cette situation et la description souvent dichotomique par rapport au secularisme de la societe canadienne entre les groupes \u00aboccidentaux\u00bb et \u00abnon occidentaux\u00bb ou encore entre les groupes \u00abchretiens\u00bb d'un cote, et de l'autre, les groupes de la diversite multiculturelle canadienne, notamment les musulmans francophones. La these de cet article est qu'en elargissant le champ d'investigation de la discipline de facon a inclure un eventail de groupes plus grand, les analystes doivent etre vigilants quant a l'articulation complexe du concept de \u00abminorites multiples\u00bb de facon a eviter les constructions trop evolutionnistes et dichotomiques des divers \u00abautres\u00bb." }, { "paper": "2151823730", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2010", "title": "international relations a european perspective by m telo", "label": [ "34355311", "549326192" ], "author": [ "2041831132" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "International Relations: A European Perspective \u2013 By M. Tel\u00f2", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2322603827", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2010", "title": "perspective historical disputes and reconciliation in northeast asia the us role", "label": [ "94625758", "531593650", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2398060425" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "over the last two decades northeast asia has witnessed growing intra regional interactions especially in the realms of culture and economy yet wounds from past wrongs committed during colonialism and war are not fully healed and the question of history has become heated across northeast asia in a 2006 survey chinese respondents listed the top four reasons for unfavourable views of japan as related to history issues led by the nanjing massacre 42 percent a similar survey of koreans conducted in 2005 found that 93 percent felt unresolved historical issues are important to korea japan relations east asians have recognized the need for reconciliation and sought to achieve that goal through various tactics apology politics litigation joint history writing and regional exchanges while each approach has its own merits none has succeeded despite japan s efforts to apologize for its past its neighbours continue to view the japanese as insincere and remain skeptical of formulaic apologies almost all lawsuits that asian victims have filed in japanese courts have been either thrown out or left unresolved japan china and korea have yet to agree on a shared view of their past from joint history writing and all nations sharing a reluctance to fully confront the complexity of that past tend to blame others", "title_raw": "Perspective Historical Disputes and Reconciliation in Northeast Asia: The US Role", "abstract_raw": "Over the last two decades Northeast Asia has witnessed growing intra-regional interactions, especially in the realms of culture and economy. Yet wounds from past wrongs, committed during colonialism and war, are not fully healed and the question of history has become heated across Northeast Asia. In a 2006 survey, Chinese respondents listed the top four reasons for unfavourable views of Japan as related to history issues, led by the Nanjing massacre (42 percent). A similar survey of Koreans conducted in 2005 found that 93 percent felt \"unresolved historical issues are important to Korea-Japan relations/' East Asians have recognized the need for reconciliation and sought to achieve that goal through various tactics: apology politics, litigation, joint history writing and regional exchanges. While each approach has its own merits, none has succeeded. Despite Japan's efforts to apologize for its past, its neighbours continue to view the Japanese as insincere and remain skeptical of formulaic apologies. Almost all lawsuits that Asian victims have filed in Japanese courts have been either thrown out or left unresolved. Japan, China and Korea have yet to agree on a shared view of their past from joint history writing. And all nations, sharing a reluctance to fully confront the complexity of that past, tend to blame others." }, { "paper": "1558870618", "venue": "90857023", "year": "2010", "title": "transatlantic opinion on immigration greater worries and outlier optimism", "label": [ "2777558666", "134698397", "70036468", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2097963267", "2152074132" ], "reference": [ "2121529138", "2123621480", "2144791573", "2154299869", "3121774280" ], "abstract": "this article outlines some of the key findings of the 2008 and 2009 transatlantic trends immigration public opinion study the countries surveyed include the united states the united kingdom france germany italy the netherlands and for 2009 only spain and canada some of the findings are highlighted in this article including the limited effect of the economic crisis on attitudes approval ratings of governments migration management political support for u s immigration reform components canada s outlier optimism increasing dutch skepticism and support for the resettlement of migrants displaced by the effects of worldwide climate change abstract from author", "title_raw": "Transatlantic Opinion on Immigration: Greater Worries and Outlier Optimism.", "abstract_raw": "This article outlines some of the key findings of the 2008 and 2009 Transatlantic Trends: Immigration public opinion study. The countries surveyed include the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and, for 2009 only, Spain and Canada. Some of the findings are highlighted in this article, including the limited effect of the economic crisis on attitudes; approval ratings of governments' migration management; political support for U.S. immigration reform components; Canada's outlier optimism; increasing Dutch skepticism; and support for the resettlement of migrants displaced by the effects of worldwide climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]" }, { "paper": "2126777099", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2010", "title": "a new measure of group influence in presidential elections assessing latino influence in 2008", "label": [ "39549134", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2121252313", "2307682413", "2211464802" ], "reference": [ "569981875", "1497187316", "1550821671", "1894354905", "1930813282", "1969669690", "2003033168", "2010110533", "2019300321", "2025579973", "2030238559", "2037469048", "2038062871", "2041465354", "2063563516", "2088474625", "2107166343", "2141518020", "2141961860", "2146227626", "2150724998", "2159943075" ], "abstract": "the importance of the latino electorate has been the subject of both academic inquiry and media discourses the question of latino influence is frequently limited by an approach that focuses on sin", "title_raw": "A New Measure of Group Influence in Presidential Elections: Assessing Latino Influence in 2008", "abstract_raw": "The importance of the Latino electorate has been the subject of both academic inquiry and media discourses. The question of Latino influence is frequently limited by an approach that focuses on sin..." }, { "paper": "2169060692", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2010", "title": "the role of working groups of commissioners in coordinating policy implementation the case of trans european networks tens", "label": [ "2776034101", "11012388", "94625758", "84309077", "3116431", "161936438", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2231010174" ], "reference": [ "605486504", "610405523", "1512165341", "1512647378", "1785733982", "1969085057", "1998900626", "2008377661", "2058047543", "2067516463", "2115411156", "2136549979", "2797186609", "2888982608", "2899428834" ], "abstract": "analysis of the commission s role in policy implementation has focused largely on the administrative rather than political level yet little attention has been paid to the importance of high level commission actors such as commissioners and director generals at this stage this article analyses the role of a working group wg of commissioners in monitoring and co ordinating the implementation of trans european networks tens in transport it argues that formally institutionalized structures for intra college co operation provide important arenas for creativity entrepreneurship and consensus building ultimately the consistent and sustained political involvement of commissioners improves the commission s administrative co ordination and may ultimately help secure better policy implementation", "title_raw": "The role of working groups of Commissioners in coordinating policy implementation: the case of trans-European networks (TENs)", "abstract_raw": "Analysis of the Commission's role in policy implementation has focused largely on the administrative rather than political level. Yet little attention has been paid to the importance of high-level Commission actors, such as Commissioners and Director-Generals at this stage. This article analyses the role of a working group (WG) of Commissioners in monitoring and co-ordinating the implementation of trans-European networks (TENs) in transport. It argues that formally institutionalized structures for intra-College co-operation provide important arenas for creativity, entrepreneurship and consensus-building. Ultimately, the consistent and sustained political involvement of Commissioners improves the Commission's administrative co-ordination and may, ultimately, help secure better policy implementation." }, { "paper": "2072913332", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2010", "title": "us seeks to make science free for all", "label": [ "151719136", "148834064", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2126046128" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "moves to make research funded by the us government available to everyone could mark a turning point in a publishing revolution declan butler reports", "title_raw": "US seeks to make science free for all", "abstract_raw": "Moves to make research funded by the US government available to everyone could mark a turning point in a publishing revolution. Declan Butler reports." }, { "paper": "2043548353", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2010", "title": "honorable survivor mao s china mccarthy s america and the persecution of john s service lynne joiner annapolis md naval institute press 2009 450 pp 37 95 isbn 978 1 59114 423 6", "label": [ "537575062", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2318255569" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Honorable Survivor: Mao's China, McCarthy's America, and the Persecution of John S. Service . Lynne Joiner. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2009. 450 pp, $37.95. ISBN 978-1-59114-423-6", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1607030226", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2010", "title": "policy change and policy stasis comparing swiss foreign policy toward south africa 1968 94 and iraq 1990 91", "label": [ "148834064", "2779084495", "44394981", "93377909", "94625758", "109986646", "188888794" ], "author": [ "1921709990", "2109237430" ], "reference": [ "4371184", "190591315", "194934302", "648243324", "1954080917", "1997104455", "2009916185", "2038559467", "2049228985", "2051852147", "2062137435", "2107525424", "2109332867", "2123911896", "2146868461", "2149909651", "2156165826", "2165227439", "2472569744", "2473368868", "2479241298", "2491330283" ], "abstract": "this article investigates how concepts from the field of public policy in particular the advocacy coalition framework acf initially introduced by sabatier and jenkins smith can be applied to the study of foreign policy analysis using a most similar comparative case studies design we examine switzerland s foreign policy toward south africa under apartheid for the period from 1968 to 1994 and compare it with the swiss position toward iraq after the iraqi invasion of kuwait in 1990 when the swiss government imposed for the first time comprehensive economic sanctions against another state the application of the acf shows that a dominant advocacy coalition in swiss foreign policy toward south africa prevented a major policy change in swiss south african relations despite external pressure from the international and national political levels actually quite the opposite could be observed swiss foreign policy increased its persistence in not taking economic sanctions against the racist regime in south africa during the 1980s and early 1990s the acf with its analytical focus on policy subsystems and the role of external shocks as potential triggers for change provided a useful framework for analyzing the factors for policy change and stasis in swiss foreign relations toward the selected two countries", "title_raw": "Policy Change and Policy Stasis: Comparing Swiss Foreign Policy toward South Africa (1968\u201394) and Iraq (1990\u201391)", "abstract_raw": "This article investigates how concepts from the field of public policy, in particular the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) initially introduced by Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith, can be applied to the study of foreign policy analysis. Using a most similar comparative case studies design, we examine Switzerland's foreign policy toward South Africa under apartheid for the period from 1968 to 1994 and compare it with the Swiss position toward Iraq after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990, when the Swiss government imposed\u2014for the first time\u2014comprehensive economic sanctions against another state. The application of the ACF shows that a dominant advocacy coalition in Swiss foreign policy toward South Africa prevented a major policy change in Swiss\u2013South African relations despite external pressure from the international and national political levels. Actually, quite the opposite could be observed: Swiss foreign policy increased its persistence in not taking economic sanctions against the racist regime in South Africa during the 1980s and early 1990s. The ACF, with its analytical focus on policy subsystems and the role of external shocks as potential triggers for change, provided a useful framework for analyzing the factors for policy change and stasis in Swiss foreign relations toward the selected two countries." }, { "paper": "1955827537", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2010", "title": "policy feedback and preschool funding in the american states", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431", "109986646", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "1699112609" ], "reference": [ "34854083", "96177907", "146002456", "1509292812", "1539565107", "1972385891", "2042436776", "2043002313", "2047431600", "2088361132", "2106476871", "2127078718", "2142809201", "2156846644", "2164916204", "2312317425", "2316856170", "2317736905", "2334675978", "2504931693", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "the early childhood education policy community has been described as a divided constituency in which groups with the same underlying goals sometimes work at cross purposes this article examines how this internal division affects the contemporary funding of preschool education it finds that states with a relatively large head start community are significantly more likely not to fund preschool education and significantly less likely to dedicate preschool funding exclusively to a freestanding state program these results suggest that the creation and political solidification of head start generated policy feedback they contributed to an ongoing tension within the early education community as head start beneficiaries viewed the creation of a freestanding preschool program as a political threat this political dynamic illustrates the more general way in which the existence of a public policy can alter the dynamics of future political action", "title_raw": "Policy Feedback and Preschool Funding in the American States", "abstract_raw": "The early childhood education policy community has been described as a \u201cdivided constituency\u201d in which groups with the same underlying goals sometimes work at cross purposes. This article examines how this internal division affects the contemporary funding of preschool education. It finds that states with a relatively large Head Start community are significantly more likely not to fund preschool education and significantly less likely to dedicate preschool funding exclusively to a freestanding state program. These results suggest that the creation and political solidification of Head Start generated policy feedback. They contributed to an ongoing tension within the early education community as Head Start beneficiaries viewed the creation of a freestanding preschool program as a political threat. This political dynamic illustrates the more general way in which the existence of a public policy can alter the dynamics of future political action." }, { "paper": "2097387081", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2010", "title": "the mythological state and its empire david grant routledge studies in social and political thought new york routledge 2009 pp 293", "label": [ "2776398702", "2778495208", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2225904841" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Mythological State and its Empire , David Grant, Routledge Studies in Social and Political Thought; New York: Routledge, 2009, pp. 293", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1975082118", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2010", "title": "minority nationalist parties and european integration a comparative study by a elias", "label": [ "199539241", "521449643" ], "author": [ "1996004439" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Minority Nationalist Parties and European Integration: A Comparative Study \u2013 By A. Elias", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2108174369", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2010", "title": "globalization and chinese sport policy the case of elite football in the people s republic of china", "label": [ "191935318", "2119116", "2778444522", "139222403", "2775987171", "2777256092", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2144608067", "1979972280" ], "reference": [ "210436142", "565562492", "568652492", "608116893", "626170366", "631611300", "1494872313", "1504764198", "1542077694", "1542964866", "1545870068", "1579437124", "1583745380", "1585538740", "1597798001", "1967877710", "1983072116", "1986036138", "2003888798", "2165481807", "2241772124", "2278324303", "2799082986", "2998941260", "2999276816", "3088646045", "3125715642" ], "abstract": "the aim of this article is to analyse china s engagement in global sport through an examination of the case of elite football although many studies exhibit a quite proper concern with the extent to which the deep structure of culture is affected by sports globalization they generally fail to give significant consideration to the role of the state because of excessive emphasis on other aspects of globalization such as commercialization commodification and cultural homogenization we attempt therefore to refocus on the role of the state and to investigate its relationship with global sport by adopting the theoretical framework of held et al 1999 as the main analytical tool for this study by taking strategic approaches in the economic and cultural ideological fields the chinese government has demonstrated to some degree its capacity to find effective ways to manage its relationship with global football this was demonstrated particularly by the setting up of new governmental commercial agencies updating sport and football regulations and strengthening chinese communist ideological education", "title_raw": "Globalization and Chinese Sport Policy: The Case of Elite Football in the People's Republic of China", "abstract_raw": "The aim of this article is to analyse China's engagement in global sport through an examination of the case of elite football. Although many studies exhibit a quite proper concern with the extent to which the deep structure of culture is affected by sports globalization, they generally fail to give significant consideration to the role of the state, because of excessive emphasis on other aspects of globalization such as commercialization, commodification and cultural homogenization. We attempt, therefore, to refocus on the role of the state and to investigate its relationship with global sport by adopting the theoretical framework of Held et al. (1999) as the main analytical tool for this study. By taking strategic approaches in the economic and cultural/ideological fields, the Chinese government has demonstrated, to some degree, its capacity to find effective ways to manage its relationship with global football. This was demonstrated particularly by the setting up of new governmental commercial agencies, updating sport and football regulations, and strengthening Chinese communist ideological education." }, { "paper": "2132773482", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2010", "title": "is chinese education underfunded", "label": [ "552535540", "2778061430", "191935318", "3116431", "34355311", "134819137" ], "author": [ "1944052551", "2263919996" ], "reference": [ "221167807", "1508506627", "1570448071", "1603760986", "1977502008", "2023341133", "2047387203", "2048382802", "2090028312", "2090877038", "2092245777", "2093703552", "2126393343", "2169327090", "2201924577" ], "abstract": "scholarship on education in china has correctly emphasized the massive inequalities in reform era educational funding in describing these inequalities however scholars have made dubious claims about the supposedly low level of funding for education in china in relation to other countries in this article we examine the statistics on which this claim is based and detail the ways in which education is funded in china that do not get counted in the statistics we conclude that though funding for education in china is unequal the total level of such funding may not be low moreover the official statistics are not a reliable guide to comparative discussions of educational funding", "title_raw": "Is Chinese education underfunded", "abstract_raw": "Scholarship on education in China has correctly emphasized the massive inequalities in reform era educational funding. In describing these inequalities, however, scholars have made dubious claims about the supposedly low level of funding for education in China in relation to other countries. In this article, we examine the statistics on which this claim is based and detail the ways in which education is funded in China that do not get counted in the statistics. We conclude that though funding for education in China is unequal, the total level of such funding may not be low. Moreover, the official statistics are not a reliable guide to comparative discussions of educational funding." }, { "paper": "2544317728", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2010", "title": "securing the skies", "label": [ "506469952", "3116431", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2633324570" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Securing the Skies", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "587302273", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2010", "title": "the guantanamo effect exposing the consequences of us detention and interrogation practices", "label": [ "2776240099" ], "author": [ "2558656317" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Guantanamo effect: exposing the consequences of US detention and interrogation practices", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2355585159", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2010", "title": "inheritance and innovation review on 30 years development of research on education policy and law in school of education in hust", "label": [ "199539241", "2779771067", "47177190", "67141207", "8795937" ], "author": [ "2721430090" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "research on education policy and law as an important disciplinary research field is becoming mature within 30 years development in huazhong university of science and technology hust and its achievement is mainly reflected as follows the basic shaped curriculum re constructed research objects the initial construction of disciplinary system the increasing maturity of research method the gradually deepening research content the gradual standardized disciplinary establishment the progressively apparent policy effect etc looking back at the groundbreaking development of research on education policy and law we can find a red line running through its development namely experience near problem oriented and practice oriented", "title_raw": "Inheritance and Innovation\u2014\u2014Review on 30 Years' Development of Research on Education Policy and Law in School of Education in HUST", "abstract_raw": "Research on education policy and law as an important disciplinary research field is becoming mature within 30 years' development in Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST),and its achievement is mainly reflected as follows: the basic shaped curriculum,re-constructed research objects,the initial construction of disciplinary system,the increasing maturity of research method,the gradually deepening research content,the gradual standardized disciplinary establishment,the progressively apparent policy effect,etc.Looking back at the groundbreaking development of research on education policy and law,we can find a red line running through its development,namely,experience-near,problem-oriented and practice-oriented." }, { "paper": "2003966040", "venue": "130750583", "year": "2010", "title": "making the eu emissions trading system the european commission as an entrepreneurial epistemic leader", "label": [ "2781061815" ], "author": [ "2054516913", "169989185" ], "reference": [ "351462175", "604969496", "613331423", "962498352", "1014844887", "1541723957", "1548704078", "1554727685", "1564824153", "1565850046", "1570503170", "1587970428", "1976513859", "1990384401", "2012218284", "2018363888", "2022988305", "2055549632", "2057071149", "2086362647", "2098881577", "2100407467", "2111910190", "2114036725", "2115411156", "2130583368", "2137251887", "2144083023", "2146658330", "2151445593", "2158495292", "2478500665", "2490302280", "2737159139", "2799112355", "2990103846" ], "abstract": "abstract the eu has developed the first and largest international emissions trading system in the world this development is puzzling due to the eu s scepticism to international emissions trading in greenhouse gases ghgs in the run up to the 1997 kyoto protocol this article analyses how the eu ets was initiated in the first place mainly from the perspectives of liberal intergovernmentalism li and multi level governance mlg li emphasises change in the positions of the eu member states as the key to understand what happened and why whereas mlg opens up for change in the position of supranational entrepreneurial leaders as the key explanation the main conclusion is that entrepreneurial epistemic leadership exercised by the european commission was crucial for making the eu ets the principal means of leadership involved building up independent expertise on how an eu ets could be designed and mobilizing support from state and non state actors at various levels of decision making this type of leadership may be needed more generally to deal with challenges characterized by high scientific uncertainty and social complexity in which learning is pertinent such as climate change", "title_raw": "Making the EU Emissions Trading System: The European Commission as an entrepreneurial epistemic leader", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The EU has developed the first and largest international emissions trading system in the world. This development is puzzling due to the EU's scepticism to international emissions trading in greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the run-up to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. This article analyses how the EU ETS was initiated in the first place mainly from the perspectives of Liberal intergovernmentalism (LI) and multi-level governance (MLG). LI emphasises change in the positions of the EU member states as the key to understand what happened and why, whereas MLG opens up for change in the position of supranational entrepreneurial leaders as the key explanation. The main conclusion is that entrepreneurial epistemic leadership exercised by the European Commission was crucial for making the EU ETS. The principal means of leadership involved building up independent expertise on how an EU ETS could be designed, and mobilizing support from state and non-state actors at various levels of decision-making. This type of leadership may be needed more generally to deal with challenges characterized by high scientific uncertainty and social complexity in which learning is pertinent, such as climate change." }, { "paper": "2070839322", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2010", "title": "how large a wave using the generic ballot to forecast the 2010 midterm elections", "label": [ "3116431", "2777094542" ], "author": [ "218982368" ], "reference": [ "2109036747" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Large a Wave? Using the Generic Ballot to Forecast the 2010 Midterm Elections", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2010216162", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2010", "title": "voting for government coalitions in ireland under single transferable vote", "label": [ "520049643", "160663922", "189400058", "3116431", "2777094542" ], "author": [ "2482961826" ], "reference": [ "634950624", "1578617685", "1585919987", "1589396075", "1971639568", "2004025482", "2020085319", "2057711563", "2065390436", "2066206345", "2127494459", "2143451041", "2148286126", "2158812829", "2162442608", "2318573643", "2491019062", "2497419557", "2917695753" ], "abstract": "this paper addresses the issue of whether voters indicate a preference for a government rather than or in addition to a preference for a party when they cast a ballot under the system of the single transferable vote stv it thus contributes to the existing literature on strategic coalition voting by examining whether coalition preferences matter where electors are given the option to rank the parties in order of preference the question then becomes does this ranking reflect or signal a coalition preference using survey data from two irish elections this paper finds that whereas first preferences are closely aligned with coalition choices irish voters do not systematically use second preferences to express a view on their preferred coalition formation", "title_raw": "Voting for government coalitions in Ireland under single transferable vote", "abstract_raw": "This paper addresses the issue of whether voters indicate a preference for a government rather than, or in addition to a preference for a party, when they cast a ballot under the system of the single transferable vote (STV). It thus contributes to the existing literature on strategic coalition voting by examining whether coalition preferences matter where electors are given the option to rank the parties in order of preference. The question then becomes: does this ranking reflect or signal a coalition preference? Using survey data from two Irish elections, this paper finds that whereas first preferences are closely aligned with coalition choices, Irish voters do not systematically use second preferences to express a view on their preferred coalition formation." }, { "paper": "2039205846", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "spirit is willing though weak", "label": [ "2779103253" ], "author": [ "2096332913" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "at the lunar and planetary science conference there was talk of resurrecting the spirit rover which has been stuck since january or at least a realistic prospect of a return to limited mobility but first spirit must survive the winter its handlers are guardedly optimistic that its power levels will not drop so far that the rover9s electronics freeze but no one is making any promises next september or october as spring returns to mars spirit will likely serve 6 months9 duty as an essentially stationary geodetic marker in a study of the planet9s core", "title_raw": "Spirit Is Willing, Though Weak", "abstract_raw": "At the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, there was talk of resurrecting the Spirit rover, which has been stuck since January, or at least a realistic prospect of a return to limited mobility. But first, Spirit must survive the winter. Its handlers are guardedly optimistic that its power levels will not drop so far that the rover9s electronics freeze, but no one is making any promises. Next September or October, as spring returns to Mars, Spirit will likely serve 6 months9 duty as an essentially stationary geodetic marker in a study of the planet9s core." }, { "paper": "2073709669", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2010", "title": "an analysis of corporate environmental responsibility on the global corporate web sites and their dialogic principles", "label": [ "72838440" ], "author": [ "2410750632", "2510228103", "2170436927" ], "reference": [ "1976403509", "1990807804", "2056285348", "2058397104", "2106438596" ], "abstract": "this study investigated how corporations use their web sites as a way of helping to build corporate environmental responsibility a content analysis of 2008 fortune global corporate web sites compared environmental concerns and the use of dialogic principles across three regions i e asia europe and north america results show that about 71 of web sites have a stand alone environmental menu as a central location for environmental information and that europe is the highest followed by north america and asia the environmental concerns of resources waste management and climate changes are more commonly highlighted than are ecosystem and environmental governance furthermore most web sites do not fully employ dialogic features regardless of region", "title_raw": "An analysis of corporate environmental responsibility on the global corporate Web sites and their dialogic principles", "abstract_raw": "This study investigated how corporations use their Web sites as a way of helping to build corporate environmental responsibility. A content analysis of 2008 Fortune Global corporate Web sites compared environmental concerns and the use of dialogic principles across three regions (i.e., Asia, Europe, and North America). Results show that about 71% of Web sites have a stand-alone environmental menu as a central location for environmental information, and that Europe is the highest, followed by North America and Asia. The environmental concerns of \u2018resources/waste management\u2019 and \u2018climate changes\u2019 are more commonly highlighted than are \u2018ecosystem\u2019 and \u2018environmental governance.\u2019 Furthermore, most Web sites do not fully employ dialogic features, regardless of region." }, { "paper": "1493226184", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2010", "title": "canada and the united states", "label": [ "11473988" ], "author": [ "2234541553" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Canada and the United States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1994490716", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2010", "title": "power policy and elite politics under zhao ziyang", "label": [ "2776051254", "94625758", "177897776", "2775987171", "2779658105", "191935318", "199539241", "3116431", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2575745723" ], "reference": [ "2007036511", "2039778061", "2045690973", "2068000661", "2110287593", "2802353997" ], "abstract": "heir apparent to deng xiaoping but illegally deposed as general secretary zhao ziyang was held under house arrest after the tiananmen events of 1989 until his death at 85 in 2005 a three year special investigation to prove that zhao supported turmoil and split the party simply fizzled out in 2000 after many failed attempts to regain his freedom and to reverse the verdicts against the students and himself he secretly recorded his memoirs for posterity gaige licheng a transcript of about 30 cassette tapes was smuggled out of china and together with an english translation entitled prisoner of the state the journal of premier zhao ziyang published on the eve of the 20th anniversary of the tiananmen crackdown in june 2009", "title_raw": "Power, Policy and Elite Politics under Zhao Ziyang", "abstract_raw": "Heir apparent to Deng Xiaoping but illegally deposed as general secretary, Zhao Ziyang was held under house arrest after the Tiananmen events of 1989 until his death at 85 in 2005. A three-year special investigation to prove that Zhao \u201csupported turmoil and split the party\u201d simply fizzled out. In 2000, after many failed attempts to regain his freedom and to reverse the verdicts against the students and himself, he secretly recorded his memoirs for posterity. Gaige licheng , a transcript of about 30 cassette-tapes, was smuggled out of China and, together with an English translation entitled Prisoner of the State: The Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang , published on the eve of the 20th anniversary of the Tiananmen crackdown in June 2009." }, { "paper": "2094094226", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "panel explores what it ll take to keep universities strong", "label": [ "2776398702", "39549134" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "u s research universities may be the envy of the world but they are under increasing stress endowments have shrunk state support has declined and operating costs are rising university administrators say they also need help in complying with an increasing number of federal rules covering research topics that include bioweapons and financial conflicts of interest now at the behest of congress the national academies has convened a blue ribbon committee to examine these concerns and recommend ways to keep research universities healthy but universities are likely to be disappointed if they are hoping that the committee will conclude that money is the solution the panel9s chair said in an interview with science that he intends to push the 21 member committee to take a close look at the way the universities themselves operate", "title_raw": "Panel Explores What It'll Take To Keep Universities Strong", "abstract_raw": "U.S. research universities may be the envy of the world, but they are under increasing stress. Endowments have shrunk, state support has declined, and operating costs are rising. University administrators say they also need help in complying with an increasing number of federal rules covering research topics that include bioweapons and financial conflicts of interest. Now, at the behest of Congress, the National Academies has convened a blue-ribbon committee to examine these concerns and recommend ways to keep research universities healthy. But universities are likely to be disappointed if they are hoping that the committee will conclude that money is the solution. The panel9s chair said in an interview with Science that he intends to push the 21-member committee to take a close look at the way the universities themselves operate." }, { "paper": "2031338830", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2010", "title": "rebuilding war torn states the challenge of post conflict economic reconstruction by graciana del castillo", "label": [ "2779679727", "94625758", "2779872411" ], "author": [ "3174075264" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in this book graciana del castillo draws on theory her own experiences as senior economist in the cabinet of the united nations secretary general and as an international monetary fund staffer and qualitative case studies to critically reconsider the challenges of postconflict economic reconstruction the core argument is as follows countries making the shift from war to peace face a multipronged transition in the economic legal political social and security sectors given this multifaceted transition economic reconstruction is fundamentally different from the development as usual approach taken by the international community to address typical socioeconomic challenges faced by peaceful developing countries instead economic reconstruction in postconflict countries is a development plus challenge meaning that these countries face the same challenges as other developing countries plus the added challenge of achieving reconciliation and peace del castillo concludes that many post cold war reconstruction efforts have failed because of the development as usual approach to reconstruction a lack of comprehensive planning insufficient aid and assistance and the inadequacies of international organizations e g the united nations and international financial institutions in dealing with the challenges of reconstruction", "title_raw": "Rebuilding War-Torn States: The Challenge of Post-Conflict Economic Reconstruction , by Graciana Del Castillo", "abstract_raw": "In this book, Graciana Del Castillo draws on theory, her own experiences as senior economist in the Cabinet of the United Nations secretary-general and as an International Monetary Fund staffer, and qualitative case studies to critically reconsider the challenges of postconflict economic reconstruction. The core argument is as follows. Countries making the shift from war to peace face a multipronged transition in the economic, legal, political, social, and security sectors. Given this multifaceted transition, economic reconstruction is fundamentally different from the \u201cdevelopment as usual\u201d approach taken by the international community to address typical socioeconomic challenges faced by peaceful developing countries. Instead, economic reconstruction in postconflict countries is a \u201cdevelopment plus\u201d challenge, meaning that these countries face the same challenges as other developing countries plus the added challenge of achieving reconciliation and peace. Del Castillo concludes that many post\u2013Cold War reconstruction efforts have failed because of the development as usual approach to reconstruction, a lack of comprehensive planning, insufficient aid and assistance, and the inadequacies of international organizations (e.g., the United Nations and international financial institutions) in dealing with the challenges of reconstruction." }, { "paper": "2064445771", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "science to bridge the americas", "label": [ "557252395", "148834064", "158886217", "2775884135", "39549134", "2781313914", "87616379" ], "author": [ "2091093061" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "figure 1 credit cornell university photography it is broadly recognized across the western hemisphere that science can provide answers to health and environmental problems and stimulate national development but in a given region scientists often face overwhelming barriers to conducting research and there is far too little interaction among academia industry and government on an international level to effect change scientists in developing regions have repeatedly raised ways in which help from the united states could be transformational it is now time to do more there are well established u s academic and government programs that explore links between science and diplomacy and focus on forging robust scientific communities for example each year the jefferson science fellowship of the u s national academies in which i participated last year selects up to 10 senior scientists across disciplines to work with the u s state department or the u s agency for international development usaid 2 as a jefferson fellow i traveled to universities research institutes and government agencies seeking to enhance connections with foreign scientists from my discussions with scientists and administrators across 12 countries in latin america several ideas repeatedly emerged for meeting the challenges ahead in health and environmental arenas among others with minimal additional resources the united states could bolster such interactions for example the u s fulbright program which supports about 7000 new grants each year for students researchers educators and other professionals across disciplines could make training in the sciences a larger proportion of its mandate this program could provide financial support to aid each foreign scientist s return to his or her home country mexico provides this type of reentry support through conacyt but trainees in the united states who come from less developed countries are likely to require u s funds for this purpose figure 1 credit istockphoto and photos com 3 a dedicated program that supports visits of foreign scientists to a u s lab for as little as 1 to 2 months could also have a huge impact on science in latin america participants could learn new approaches to a research question and become part of a larger research network to encourage scientists who are trained abroad to return to positions at home prolonged collaborations are also needed undertaking joint research projects in latin america is difficult funding is limited u s agencies often restrict foreign expenditures and grant deadlines for partners can be incompatible to support such projects a fund could be created with contributions from the science agencies of the participating countries for less developed countries funds could also come from usaid finally many faculty members in latin america would like to earn a ph d in the united states but cannot leave family and job for long periods u s universities could develop short intensive courses internet distance learning and creative research programs to support the pursuit of an advanced degree and with help from u s embassy staff in making arrangements u s scientists visiting the caribbean or latin america for research or vacation could volunteer to spend time at a university presenting their research and meeting with faculty and students most countries in the western hemisphere have democratic governments and are eager for enhanced scientific interaction with the united states moreover the u s state department recognizes that science diplomacy in general is a powerful adjunct to other forms of international action supporting such efforts achieves the diplomatic goals of fostering mutual understanding while building human networks that link the united states with other countries the cost is trivial compared to that of other forms of hard diplomacy the potential for scientific and societal payoffs is immense as a better linked scientific community will speed progress in responding to major problems that affect us all health energy climate change and preserving biodiversity and even more importantly programs that support international science broadly will position humanity to understand and meet the challenges yet to come 1 pending yes 2 fn 1 3 http photos com", "title_raw": "Science to bridge the Americas.", "abstract_raw": "![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: CORNELL UNIVERSITY PHOTOGRAPHY\n\nIt is broadly recognized across the Western Hemisphere that science can provide answers to health and environmental problems and stimulate national development. But in a given region, scientists often face overwhelming barriers to conducting research, and there is far too little interaction among academia, industry, and government on an international level to effect change. Scientists in developing regions have repeatedly raised ways in which help from the United States could be transformational. It is now time to do more.\n\nThere are well-established U.S. academic and government programs that explore links between science and diplomacy and focus on forging robust scientific communities. For example, each year, the Jefferson Science Fellowship of the U.S. National Academies, in which I participated last year, selects up to 10 senior scientists across disciplines to work with the U.S. State Department or the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).[*][2] As a Jefferson Fellow, I traveled to universities, research institutes, and government agencies, seeking to enhance connections with foreign scientists. From my discussions with scientists and administrators across 12 countries in Latin America, several ideas repeatedly emerged for meeting the challenges ahead in health and environmental arenas, among others.\n\nWith minimal additional resources, the United States could bolster such interactions. For example, the U.S. Fulbright program, which supports about 7000 new grants each year for students, researchers, educators, and other professionals across disciplines, could make training in the sciences a larger proportion of its mandate. This program could provide financial support to aid each foreign scientist's return to his or her home country. Mexico provides this type of reentry support through CONACYT, but trainees in the United States who come from less-developed countries are likely to require U.S. funds for this purpose.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: ISTOCKPHOTO AND [PHOTOS.COM][3]\n\nA dedicated program that supports visits of foreign scientists to a U.S. lab for as little as 1 to 2 months could also have a huge impact on science in Latin America. Participants could learn new approaches to a research question and become part of a larger research network. To encourage scientists who are trained abroad to return to positions at home, prolonged collaborations are also needed. Undertaking joint research projects in Latin America is difficult\u2014funding is limited (U.S. agencies often restrict foreign expenditures), and grant deadlines for partners can be incompatible. To support such projects, a fund could be created with contributions from the science agencies of the participating countries; for less-developed countries, funds could also come from USAID.\n\nFinally, many faculty members in Latin America would like to earn a Ph.D. in the United States but cannot leave family and job for long periods. U.S. universities could develop short intensive courses, Internet distance learning, and creative research programs to support the pursuit of an advanced degree. And with help from U.S. embassy staff in making arrangements, U.S. scientists visiting the Caribbean or Latin America for research or vacation could volunteer to spend time at a university, presenting their research and meeting with faculty and students.\n\nMost countries in the Western Hemisphere have democratic governments and are eager for enhanced scientific interaction with the United States. Moreover, the U.S. State Department recognizes that \u201cscience diplomacy\u201d in general is a powerful adjunct to other forms of international action. Supporting such efforts achieves the diplomatic goals of fostering mutual understanding while building human networks that link the United States with other countries. The cost is trivial compared to that of other forms of \u201chard diplomacy.\u201d The potential for scientific and societal payoffs is immense, as a better-linked scientific community will speed progress in responding to major problems that affect us all: health, energy, climate change, and preserving biodiversity. And even more importantly, programs that support international science broadly will position humanity to understand and meet the challenges yet to come.\n\n [1]: pending:yes\n [2]: #fn-1\n [3]: http://PHOTOS.COM" }, { "paper": "2162986342", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2010", "title": "the illusion of liberal internationalism s revival", "label": [ "172002799", "199539241", "2776050585", "93377909", "2777134650", "2781243023", "2777998363", "134698397", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "202845383", "273117923" ], "reference": [ "178531363", "1485358265", "1552466412", "1591248186", "1596169349", "2022869871", "2038998582", "2040906888", "2077999819", "2091537479", "2131244513", "2136339120", "2162010108", "2170661519", "2307332785" ], "abstract": "over the past two decades political polarization has shaken the domestic foundations of u s grand strategy sorely testing bipartisan support for liberal internationalism stephen chaudoin helen milner and dustin tingley take issue with this interpretation contending that liberal internationalism in the united states is alive and well their arguments however do not stand up to careful scrutiny their analysis of congressional voting and public opinion fails to demonstrate the persistence of bipartisanship on foreign policy indeed the partisan gap that widened during george w bush s administration has continued during the presidency of barack obama confirming that a structural change has taken place in the domestic bases of u s foreign policy president obama now faces the unenviable challenge of conducting u s statecraft during an era when consensus will be as elusive at home as it is globally", "title_raw": "The Illusion of Liberal Internationalism's Revival", "abstract_raw": "Over the past two decades, political polarization has shaken the domestic foundations of U.S. grand strategy, sorely testing bipartisan support for liberal internationalism. Stephen Chaudoin, Helen Milner, and Dustin Tingley take issue with this interpretation, contending that liberal internationalism in the United States is alive and well. Their arguments, however, do not stand up to careful scrutiny. Their analysis of congressional voting and public opinion fails to demonstrate the persistence of bipartisanship on foreign policy. Indeed, the partisan gap that widened during George W. Bush\u2019s administration has continued during the presidency of Barack Obama, confirming that a structural change has taken place in the domestic bases of U.S. foreign policy. President Obama now faces the unenviable challenge of conducting U.S. statecraft during an era when consensus will be as elusive at home as it is globally." }, { "paper": "2009721124", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2010", "title": "globalization and change in china s governance yu keping leiden brill publishing 2008 vi 275 pp 69 00 103 00 isbn 978 90 04 15682 1", "label": [ "151719136", "2119116", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2498834189" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Globalization and Change in China's Governance Yu Keping Leiden: Brill Publishing, 2008 vi + 275 pp. \u20ac69.00; $103.00 ISBN: 978-90-04-15682-1", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2006870664", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2010", "title": "models of crisis decision making and the 1990 91 gulf war", "label": [ "197487636", "2776746162", "67674302", "51575053", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2101624410", "2096246709" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the 1991 persian gulf war is a most likely case for several crisis decision making models it commanded presidential attention arose when bureaucrats were fighting over post cold war budgets and evoked the strong organizational cultures of the u s army navy air force and marines we use this case to assess the contexts decision stages and issue areas in which alternative crisis models have the most explanatory power we find that presidents are most powerful in agenda setting choosing among options crises and high politics issues bureaucratic politics diminishes in crises and best explains the behavior of mid level careerists the formulation of options and the shaping of post war budgets most striking even in crises organizational cultures strongly shape tactical military decisions choices among weapons systems and the willingness of officials to risk their careers on behalf of their organizations values overall these findings argue for greater attention to the influence of organiza", "title_raw": "Models of Crisis Decision Making and the 1990\u201391 Gulf War", "abstract_raw": "The 1991 Persian Gulf War is a \u201cmost likely\u201d case for several crisis decision-making models. It commanded presidential attention, arose when bureaucrats were fighting over post-Cold War budgets, and evoked the strong organizational cultures of the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. We use this case to assess the contexts, decision stages, and issue areas in which alternative crisis models have the most explanatory power. We find that presidents are most powerful in agenda setting, choosing among options, crises, and high-politics issues. Bureaucratic politics diminishes in crises and best explains the behavior of mid-level careerists, the formulation of options, and the shaping of post-war budgets. Most striking, even in crises organizational cultures strongly shape tactical military decisions, choices among weapons systems, and the willingness of officials to risk their careers on behalf of their organizations\u2019 values. Overall, these findings argue for greater attention to the influence of organiza..." }, { "paper": "1980301262", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2010", "title": "the pan pearl river delta an emerging regional economy in globalizing china edited by y m yeung and shen jianfa hong kong the chinese university press 2008xxi 595 pp 59 00 isbn 978 962 996 376 7", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2314094408" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Pan Pearl River Delta: An Emerging Regional Economy in Globalizing China Edited by Y.M. Yeung and Shen Jianfa Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2008xxi + 595 pp. $59.00 ISBN 978-962-996-376-7", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2549875115", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2010", "title": "is el baradei egypt s hero", "label": [ "17058734" ], "author": [ "2500956413" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Is El Baradei Egypt's Hero?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1974002112", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "asilomar 2 takes small steps toward rules for geoengineering", "label": [ "2778456462" ], "author": [ "91872485" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in 1975 molecular biologists grappling with how to unlock the secrets of recombinant dna without creating infectious runaway bioagents laid the groundwork for a regulatory framework that allowed research and ultimately the biotech industry to flourish last week nearly 200 experts in geosciences and other scientific and policy disciplines met in the same spot to confront a new kind of risky research large scale geoengineering projects aimed at countering the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and although the climate scientists may have accomplished less in a week than did their biologist forebears they did make progress the conference organizers declared that geoengineering research is indispensable but said that it should be done with humility governments and the public should work together to decide what schemes are viable appropriate and ethical the statement added cuts in greenhouse emissions should be a priority it said mirroring statements by the american geophysical union and the u k royal society", "title_raw": "'Asilomar 2' Takes Small Steps Toward Rules for Geoengineering", "abstract_raw": "In 1975, molecular biologists grappling with how to unlock the secrets of recombinant DNA without creating infectious, runaway bioagents laid the groundwork for a regulatory framework that allowed research\u2014and ultimately the biotech industry\u2014to flourish. Last week, nearly 200 experts in geosciences and other scientific and policy disciplines met in the same spot to confront a new kind of risky research: large-scale geoengineering projects aimed at countering the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. And although the climate scientists may have accomplished less in a week than did their biologist forebears, they did make progress. The conference organizers declared that geoengineering research is \"indispensable\" but said that it should be done with \"humility.\" Governments and the public should work together to decide what schemes are \"viable, appropriate, and ethical,\" the statement added. Cuts in greenhouse emissions should be a priority, it said, mirroring statements by the American Geophysical Union and the U.K. Royal Society." }, { "paper": "113175590", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2010", "title": "oklahoma to hold november 2010 referendum on constitutional amendment banning state courts from applying international and sharia law", "label": [ "2781462389", "2776398702", "2776942308", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Oklahoma to Hold November 2010 Referendum on Constitutional Amendment Banning State Courts from Applying International and Sharia Law", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2134519470", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2010", "title": "chronic crises in the arc of insecurity a case study of karamoja", "label": [ "166151441" ], "author": [ "2694894768" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "abstract this aim of this paper is two fold the first aim is to expand on a claim that an arc of insecurity stretches across sub saharan africa the second is to explore the difficulties of chronic crises within this arc the paper will contrast countries that have experienced the following three indicators used to highlight the acute phase of a chronic crisis conflict related mortality displacement and climatic disasters the second part of the paper discusses chronic crisis situations by utilising a case study of karamoja northeast uganda karamoja is characterised by the worst humanitarian and development indicators in uganda and its problems are indicative of other chronic situations while countries or more specifically situations within countries can be insecure every situation remains unique responses to chronic situations need to be based on a solid understanding of the political economic causation of crisis", "title_raw": "Chronic Crises in the Arc of Insecurity: a case study of Karamoja", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This aim of this paper is two-fold. The first aim is to expand on a claim that an \u2018Arc of Insecurity\u2019 stretches across sub-Saharan Africa. The second is to explore the difficulties of chronic crises within this arc. The paper will contrast countries that have experienced the following three indicators used to highlight the acute phase of a chronic crisis: conflict-related mortality, displacement and climatic disasters. The second part of the paper discusses \u2018chronic crisis\u2019 situations by utilising a case study of Karamoja, northeast Uganda. Karamoja is characterised by the worst humanitarian and development indicators in Uganda and its problems are indicative of other chronic situations. While countries, or more specifically, situations within countries, can be insecure, every situation remains unique. Responses to chronic situations need to be based on a solid understanding of the political\u2013economic causation of crisis." }, { "paper": "2123152407", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2010", "title": "campaign crises detours on the road to congressby r sam garrett", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2100972372" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Campaign Crises: Detours on the Road to Congressby R. Sam Garrett", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3123848999", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2010", "title": "prosecuting evil cults a critical examination of law regarding freedom of religious belief in mainland china", "label": [ "2777351106", "158786674", "2780493273", "107029721", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2140944503" ], "reference": [ "1994386425" ], "abstract": "starting with falun gong this article first identifies the meanings of the term cult in the context of religious belief and chinese law which are characterized by a strong instrumentalist nature the article then explores the current system of law governing evil cults and examines how the system actually simultaneously protects and restricts the freedom of religious belief the author observes that the extent and scope of citizens religious beliefs have been restricted by law and further asserts that legislation and regulations against evil cult activities should not be used to control and limit citizens normal religious life", "title_raw": "Prosecuting \"Evil Cults:\" A Critical Examination of Law Regarding Freedom of Religious Belief in Mainland China", "abstract_raw": "Starting with Falun Gong, this article first identifies the meanings of the term \u201ccult\u201d in the context of religious belief and Chinese law, which are characterized by a strong instrumentalist nature. The article then explores the current system of law governing \u201cevil cults,\u201d and examines how the system actually simultaneously protects and restricts the freedom of religious belief. The author observes that the extent and scope of citizens\u2019 religious beliefs have been restricted by law, and further asserts that legislation and regulations against \u201cevil cult\u201d activities should not be used to control and limit citizens\u2019 normal religious life." }, { "paper": "2335698504", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2010", "title": "review guerrilla diplomacy rethinking international relationsguerrilla diplomacy rethinking international relationsdaryl copeland boulder co lynne rienner 2009 311 pp us 25 00 paper isbn 978 1 58826 655 2", "label": [ "34355311", "2780773072" ], "author": [ "2274483048" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review: Guerrilla Diplomacy Rethinking International RelationsGUERRILLA DIPLOMACY RETHINKING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSDaryl Copeland Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2009. 311 pp, US $25.00 paper. ISBN 978-1-58826-655-2", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1976169857", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2010", "title": "institutional implications for stakeholder modelling looking at institutions in a centralised economy", "label": [ "201305675", "176239081", "195813598", "119232533" ], "author": [ "1133154742", "2065775256" ], "reference": [ "952907807", "1526468320", "1549592375", "1560518751", "1575626990", "1972347729", "2003676134", "2006992562", "2013809198", "2015583172", "2023116690", "2023704881", "2035881014", "2045619027", "2047735993", "2070608882", "2070998559", "2073506374", "2078577937", "2089087592", "2128972886", "2149010029", "2164946207", "2324012802", "2479395908", "2550696367", "2587749722", "2607430624", "3121598947" ], "abstract": "originating in the anglo american management literature stakeholder thinking embraces a set of common reasoning and rests on a range of assumptions that pay little attention to the institutional variations across countries and regions with different economic systems our aim in this article is to contribute to the stakeholder literature by discussing the significance and implications of this institutional diversity for the stakeholder model", "title_raw": "Institutional Implications for Stakeholder Modelling: Looking at Institutions in a Centralised Economy", "abstract_raw": "Originating in the Anglo-American management literature, stakeholder thinking embraces a set of common reasoning and rests on a range of assumptions that pay little attention to the institutional variations across countries and regions with different economic systems. Our aim in this article is to contribute to the stakeholder literature by discussing the significance and implications of this institutional diversity for the stakeholder model." }, { "paper": "2092764042", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2010", "title": "the puzzle of the american state and its historians", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "3175121032" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Puzzle of the American State \u2026 and Its Historians", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2170121430", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2010", "title": "dynamic statism and memory politics a case analysis of the chinese war reparations movement", "label": [ "2777454302", "513891491", "94625758", "2776398702", "158071213", "148834064", "62908951", "32561294" ], "author": [ "2597507291", "2159021320" ], "reference": [ "3256051", "607371442", "630675219", "1490501400", "1500888951", "1512244446", "1517480631", "1533822309", "1546641059", "1556602629", "1557984327", "1586243989", "1593977915", "1597914045", "1913109622", "1970827218", "1976259404", "1989599295", "1996219350", "2007704966", "2011208543", "2020637781", "2031328405", "2033605391", "2037465542", "2050487970", "2050563942", "2051579170", "2058427515", "2060550340", "2067422571", "2090636301", "2091997009", "2094446241", "2098332552", "2104345224", "2142215904", "2147698235", "2165916416", "2320326777", "2481031235", "2493307359", "2508654787", "2562302470", "2572095421", "2800173025", "3150498470" ], "abstract": "this study addresses the chinese second world war victims reparations movement cwrm against japan as a case of contemporary chinese memory politics while many studies indicate the chinese government s use of the war memories for political purposes ours focuses on how official discourses are translated into citizens political participation and how the state society interactions lead to variation in the development of the movement sectors within the case of cwrm drawing on textual and ethnographic data and a theoretical dynamic statism we argue that the central government s ambivalent attitude towards this ideologically useful yet institutionally troublesome movement created room for local governments and the movement to pursue their own causes yet the local and central governments strong interventions either facilitation or repression discouraged civil society s participation and led to the underdevelopment of some movement sectors in the sectors where the local governments held an attitude of absenteeism or co operation the movement was able to mobilize resources from civil society and state institutions and finally developed well", "title_raw": "Dynamic Statism and Memory Politics: A Case Analysis of the Chinese War Reparations Movement", "abstract_raw": "This study addresses the Chinese Second World War victims' reparations movement (CWRM) against Japan as a case of contemporary Chinese memory politics. While many studies indicate the Chinese government's use of the war memories for political purposes, ours focuses on how official discourses are translated into citizens' political participation and how the state\u2013society interactions lead to variation in the development of the movement sectors within the case of CWRM. Drawing on textual and ethnographic data and a theoretical \u201cdynamic statism,\u201d we argue that the central government's ambivalent attitude towards this ideologically useful yet institutionally troublesome movement created room for local governments and the movement to pursue their own causes. Yet the local and central governments' strong interventions, either facilitation or repression, discouraged civil society's participation and led to the underdevelopment of some movement sectors. In the sectors where the local governments held an attitude of absenteeism or co-operation, the movement was able to mobilize resources from civil society and state institutions and finally developed well." }, { "paper": "2111102008", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2010", "title": "the game of electoral fraud and the ousting of authoritarian rule", "label": [ "2780111994", "199539241", "144661447", "2780668109", "17058734", "68346564", "197487636", "2779533911" ], "author": [ "104659800" ], "reference": [ "51774562", "110429153", "124108810", "1484634968", "1521568207", "1537849910", "1581908573", "1589559699", "1618418414", "1980953202", "2045672904", "2053040449", "2061608912", "2066511003", "2086651280", "2097092722", "2107559193", "2125353063", "2125353502", "2135266402", "2144614519", "2145869153", "2148388782", "2162818481", "2231400208", "2332760196", "2505663499", "3133157113", "3151307774" ], "abstract": "how can autocrats be restrained from rigging elections when they hold a huge military advantage over their opponents this article suggests that even when opposition parties have no military capacity to win a revolt opposition unity and a consequent threat of massive civil disobedience can compel autocrats to hold clean elections and leave office by triggering splits within the state apparatus and the defection of the armed forces opposition unity can be elite driven when parties unite prior to elections to endorse a common presidential candidate or voter driven when elites stand divided at the polls and voters spontaneously rebel against fraud moreover the article identifies some conditions under which autocrats will tie their hands willingly not to commit fraud by delegating power to an independent electoral commission the article develops these ideas through a formal game and the discussion of various case studies m ost autocracies today hold multiparty elections what accounts for ruling parties decision to commit fraud or respect the election results and why would rulers ever tie their hands by delegating the organization of elections to independent electoral bodies what explains that opponents protest against fraud or tacitly acquiesce to electoral tyranny why and when is the opposition expected to challenge clean elections this article answers these fundamental questions by presenting a theory of the dynamics of electoral fraud and postelection opposition protest against it the article simultaneously seeks to contribute to the study of democratization and to shed light on the politics of what some scholars call electoral authoritarian", "title_raw": "The Game of Electoral Fraud and the Ousting of Authoritarian Rule", "abstract_raw": "How can autocrats be restrained from rigging elections when they hold a huge military advantage over their opponents? This article suggests that even when opposition parties have no military capacity to win a revolt, opposition unity and a consequent threat of massive civil disobedience can compel autocrats to hold clean elections and leave office by triggering splits within the state apparatus and the defection of the armed forces. Opposition unity can be elite-driven, when parties unite prior to elections to endorse a common presidential candidate, or voter-driven, when elites stand divided at the polls and voters spontaneously rebel against fraud. Moreover, the article identifies some conditions under which autocrats will tie their hands willingly not to commit fraud by delegating power to an independent electoral commission. The article develops these ideas through a formal game and the discussion of various case studies. M ost autocracies today hold multiparty elections. What accounts for ruling parties\u2019 decision to commit fraud or respect the election results, and why would rulers ever tie their hands by delegating the organization of elections to independent electoral bodies? What explains that opponents protest against fraud or tacitly acquiesce to electoral tyranny? Why and when is the opposition expected to challenge clean elections? This article answers these fundamental questions by presenting a theory of the dynamics of electoral fraud and postelection opposition protest against it. The article simultaneously seeks to contribute to the study of democratization and to shed light on the politics of what some scholars call \u201celectoral authoritarian\ufffd" }, { "paper": "2066956562", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2010", "title": "the revolt in dullsville revisited lessons for theory practice and research from the american state administrators project 1964 2008", "label": [ "3116431", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "332232754", "2121720792" ], "reference": [ "1966680299", "1968340035", "1970958661", "1971863533", "1973002574", "2005824327", "2033887758", "2034196828", "2037913841", "2049133985", "2054517427", "2064065354", "2083217845", "2085175679", "2091445396", "2092077296", "2098196715", "2119994701", "2125471958", "2127249496", "2158844191", "2160421049", "2313563931", "2313627722", "2315297568", "2318030129", "2321105701", "2321861094", "2330866383", "2332249547", "2495789192", "2798088511" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The \u201cRevolt in Dullsville\u201d Revisited: Lessons for Theory, Practice, and Research from the American State Administrators Project, 1964\u20132008", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2109082685", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2010", "title": "benjamin i page and lawrence r jacobs class war what americans really think about economic inequality", "label": [ "160159729" ], "author": [ "2120076932" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Benjamin I. Page and Lawrence R. Jacobs. Class War? What Americans Really Think about Economic Inequality", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2152902854", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2010", "title": "beyond the tragedy of the commons a discussion of governing the commons the evolution of institutions for collective action", "label": [ "15517945", "2777932401", "49427245" ], "author": [ "2111374749" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Beyond the Tragedy of the Commons: A Discussion of Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2572224181", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2010", "title": "letter from port of spain", "label": [ "513891491", "201342494" ], "author": [ "2539919299" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Letter From Port of Spain", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2027530221", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2010", "title": "declining memberships changing members european political party members in a new era", "label": [ "45184978", "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2257744555", "2200070618" ], "reference": [ "648955898", "1988693302", "1999826012", "2003350916", "2013191894", "2018210788", "2019709586", "2046444360", "2047872628", "2048299936", "2052704329", "2056872341", "2058216731", "2093116845", "2093256621", "2097594015", "2098092828", "2106433138", "2115117366", "2136219373", "2146485202", "2170921340", "2257365562", "2475777720", "2476881665", "2478127223", "2494924065", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "in recent years membership in established political parties has been shrinking but at the same time members of some parties have received increased powers to help select candidates leaders and party policies these twin trends make it important to re examine who is joining today s smaller parties as parties shrink do they attract a changed mixture of members possibly with different political priorities using data from two sets of european surveys our study investigates this question to study longitudinal change in party membership the data show a growing gap between the age of party members and the general population in most other respects however party members seem to be becoming more not less like their fellow citizens this suggests that today s smaller but more powerful memberships still have the potential to help link their parties to a wider electoral base", "title_raw": "Declining memberships, changing members? European political party members in a new era", "abstract_raw": "In recent years, membership in established political parties has been shrinking, but at the same time members of some parties have received increased powers to help select candidates, leaders and party policies. These twin trends make it important to re-examine who is joining today\u2019s smaller parties. As parties shrink, do they attract a changed mixture of members, possibly with different political priorities? Using data from two sets of European surveys, our study investigates this question to study longitudinal change in party membership. The data show a growing gap between the age of party members and the general population. In most other respects, however, party members seem to be becoming more, not less, like their fellow citizens. This suggests that today\u2019s smaller but more powerful memberships still have the potential to help link their parties to a wider electoral base." }, { "paper": "2540430729", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2010", "title": "not ready for prime time", "label": [ "191935318", "2779017109" ], "author": [ "561846526" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Not Ready for Prime Time", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2035772958", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2010", "title": "hypercommercialism televisuality and the changing nature of college sports sponsorship", "label": [ "2779501167", "2778444522", "81959379", "2779610281" ], "author": [ "2121989679" ], "reference": [ "265523025", "343063185", "430696771", "568652492", "594918454", "597369782", "610323908", "620696703", "627416618", "639681665", "1525405078", "1534397122", "1583409680", "1584814601", "1965168384", "1974340111", "2007965826", "2037303231", "2051128189", "2086487221", "2090914916", "2105411215", "2105414560", "2113214903", "2127093483", "2157231522", "2165573184", "2614624214", "3132029512" ], "abstract": "this article updates previous research that critiqued the level and categories of commercial intrusion in national college football championship television broadcasts arguing that the hypercommercialism of television continues to increase due to a variety of contextual reasons and technological advances that enhance the distinctive televisual style of television the article applies content and textual analyses of the 2007 bcs national championship football broadcast on the u s television network fox and compares these findings to a similar study conducted on the 1996 national championship broadcast results indicate a significant decrease in advertising free broadcast time mainly resulting from an increase in the use of on screen graphics with commercial iconography in addition the broadcast is characterized by the integrated marketing techniques that blur distinctions between content categories the essay concludes with a discussion of the implications of hypercommercialism of sports and broadcasting for the vibrancy of the public sphere", "title_raw": "Hypercommercialism, Televisuality, and the Changing Nature of College Sports Sponsorship", "abstract_raw": "This article updates previous research that critiqued the level and categories of commercial intrusion in national college football championship television broadcasts. Arguing that the \u201chypercommercialism\u201d of television continues to increase due to a variety of contextual reasons and technological advances that enhance the distinctive \u201ctelevisual\u201d style of television, the article applies content and textual analyses of the 2007 BCS National Championship football broadcast on the U.S. television network Fox and compares these findings to a similar study conducted on the 1996 national championship broadcast. Results indicate a significant decrease in \u201cadvertising-free\u201d broadcast time, mainly resulting from an increase in the use of on-screen graphics with commercial iconography. In addition, the broadcast is characterized by the integrated marketing techniques that blur distinctions between content categories. The essay concludes with a discussion of the implications of hypercommercialism of sports and broadcasting for the vibrancy of the public sphere." }, { "paper": "2056374674", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2010", "title": "most common when least important deliberation in the european union council of ministers", "label": [ "3116431", "2776946740", "161936438", "94625758" ], "author": [ "253869417" ], "reference": [ "236345964", "251535224", "561586960", "619997308", "645789136", "1497593238", "1515475723", "1545096067", "1583876418", "1612669784", "1969791683", "1976708218", "1986692054", "2003327569", "2007790029", "2020692281", "2048193263", "2060433779", "2061674159", "2062865034", "2065642261", "2068869385", "2082422522", "2091273098", "2094181831", "2114315898", "2114976936", "2115457200", "2126115765", "2132490153", "2134631143", "2142065949", "2142649016", "2150993545", "2159691769", "2162614741", "2170527550", "2313663002", "2463122297", "2505422713", "2757329179", "3192736645" ], "abstract": "this article contributes to the empirical turn in deliberative democratic theory by studying the presence of arguing discussion on the merits and bargaining in the working groups of the council of the european union it uses a survey of representatives of member states to analyse to what extent under what circumstances and by whom arguing is used the results indicate that arguing is indeed common in the council working groups but also that there is substantial variation most arguing is found in intergovernmental policy areas and by the most powerful and well connected actors the findings point to the conclusion that higher stakes and political pressure make actors less willing and able to engage in arguing", "title_raw": "Most Common When Least Important: Deliberation in the European Union Council of Ministers", "abstract_raw": "This article contributes to the empirical turn in deliberative democratic theory, by studying the presence of arguing (discussion on the merits) and bargaining in the working groups of the Council of the European Union. It uses a survey of representatives of member states to analyse to what extent, under what circumstances, and by whom, arguing is used. The results indicate that arguing is indeed common in the Council working groups, but also that there is substantial variation. Most arguing is found in intergovernmental policy areas and by the most powerful and well-connected actors. The findings point to the conclusion that higher stakes and political pressure make actors less willing and able to engage in arguing." }, { "paper": "2319553610", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2010", "title": "united states united states", "label": [ "11473988" ], "author": [ "2160013477" ], "reference": [ "2167550759" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "United States: United States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2138766571", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2010", "title": "the european public sphere and the media europe in crisis edited by a triandafyllidou r wodak and m krzyzanowski", "label": [ "2779610281", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2164802172" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The European Public Sphere and the Media: Europe in Crisis \u2013 Edited by A. Triandafyllidou, R. Wodak and M. Krzy\u017canowski", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2076790100", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "testing time for climate science", "label": [ "2777930997", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2338533298" ], "reference": [ "280244369", "1544945890", "1899062379", "2017721266", "2103956502", "2167593612", "2315404267", "3103179944", "3158683096", "3207076107" ], "abstract": "on 31 march 2010 a british parliamentary committee exonerated philip d jones director of the climatic research unit cru at the university of east anglia of personal wrongdoing in his conduct and management of research climate science fared less well the science and technology committee concluded in its report that the focus on a single individual had been misplaced we consider that professor jones s actions were in line with common practice in the climate science community 1 those practices included routine refusals to share raw data and computer codes the committee judged that this had to change and that all future raw data and methodological work should be publicly disclosed", "title_raw": "Testing Time for Climate Science", "abstract_raw": "On 31 March 2010, a British parliamentary committee exonerated Philip D. Jones, director of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia, of personal wrongdoing in his conduct and management of research. Climate science fared less well. The Science and Technology Committee concluded in its report that the focus on a single individual had been misplaced: \u201cwe consider that Professor Jones's actions were in line with common practice in the climate science community\u201d ( 1 ). Those practices included routine refusals to share raw data and computer codes. The committee judged that this had to change and that all future raw data and methodological work should be publicly disclosed." }, { "paper": "2385357275", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2010", "title": "social inclusion for rural urban migrants in urban of china an approach to analyze the social inclusion policy of european union", "label": [ "206836424", "134659438", "535567245", "19159745", "2780510313", "16920402", "140311038" ], "author": [ "2357736361" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "social inclusion across the globe has increasingly been emphasized from academic field to policy practice based on the analysis of the basic concept theory model action institution and evaluation system on social exclusion and social inclusion of european union the article examines the basic conditions practice strategies and theory model on social inclusion for rural urban migrants in urban of china the article concludes that policy action and community work should be developed effectively to build up the policy implementation on social inclusion for rural urban migrant and to improve social service delivery with the context of the exiting social inclusion policy across the globe", "title_raw": "Social Inclusion for Rural-urban migrants in Urban of China:An Approach to Analyze the Social Inclusion Policy of European Union", "abstract_raw": "Social inclusion across the globe has increasingly been emphasized from academic field to policy practice.Based on the analysis of the basic concept,theory model,action institution,and evaluation system on Social exclusion and Social Inclusion of European Union,the article examines the basic conditions,practice strategies,and theory model on Social Inclusion for Rural-urban migrants in Urban of China.The article concludes that policy action and community work should be developed effectively to build up the policy implementation on social inclusion for Rural-urban migrant,and to improve social service delivery with the context of the exiting social inclusion policy across the globe." }, { "paper": "2137597066", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2010", "title": "the micro foundation of china s market economy liu xiaoxuan singapore cengage learning 2010 ix 350 pp 150 00 isbn 9789814281966 originally published as dianding zhongguo shichang jingji de weiguan jichu qiye geming 30 nian shanghai shanghai gezhe chubanshe and shanghai renmin chubanshe 2008 396 pp rmb50 00 isbn 9787543215436", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2691060998" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Micro-foundation of China's Market Economy . Liu Xiaoxuan. Singapore: Cengage Learning, 2010. ix + 350 pp. $150.00. ISBN 9789814281966. originally published as: Dianding Zhongguo shichang jingji de weiguan jichu \u2013 qiye geming 30 nian . Shanghai: Shanghai gezhe chubanshe and Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 2008. 396 pp. RMB50.00. ISBN 9787543215436", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3123646911", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2010", "title": "does the fear of terrorists trump the fear of persecution in asylum outcomes in the post september 11 era", "label": [ "203133693", "59577422", "173145845", "544040105", "537575062", "70036468", "93377909", "528167355" ], "author": [ "2157764625", "2154696431" ], "reference": [ "46029424", "1970375655" ], "abstract": "historically u s asylum policy has reflected both an effort to provide safe haven for deserving asylum seekers and the intent to promote national security and domestic pol icy priorities a growing body of empirical evi dence suggests that asylum outcomes at least in the aggregate have been weighted more heavily by foreign policy consider ations than humanitarian concerns since the mid 1990s the united states government has reformed the asylum system in response to concerns of abuse by economic migrants burgeon ing caseloads and national security threats although as da vergne 2008 points out the most reviled of asylum seekers of the global era is the economic refugee under suspicion of fleeing poverty and poor prospects in search of a better life rather than fleeing because of the fear of persecution 65 in the wake of terrorist attacks on the united states in 1993 and 2001 the fears of economic opportunists abusing the system have combined with the broader fear of potential terrorists gaining legal entry into the country through an overburdened asylum system since 1995 congress has passed two major acts to reform the asylum process in reaction to these fears both the 1996 illegal immigration reform and immigrant responsibility act and the 2005 real id act were passed to prevent economic migrants and individuals who may pose security risks from entering the country on false claims of asylum following september 11 the u s government has pursued prosecution for documents fraud among asylum appli cants and aggressively enforced safe third country require ments and like our european counterparts the united states has increasingly taken more deterrent and preventative actions to discourage asylum applicants from choosing it as a target for asylum and prevent potential applicants from reaching its ports of entry critics fear that the draconian measures adopted in response to these fears are overly broad and worry that worthy applicants have been turned away at the border or denied asylum with increasing frequency thus leading them to face the real possibility of torture and other forms of per secution in this article we examine changes in u s asylum policy and whether the heightened security concerns after sep tember 11 have significantly influenced the u s asylum pro cess and outcomes in u s immigration courts u s asylum policy", "title_raw": "Does the Fear of Terrorists Trump the Fear of Persecution in Asylum Outcomes in the Post\u2013September 11 Era?", "abstract_raw": "Historically, U.S. asylum policy has reflected both an effort to provide safe haven for deserving asylum seekers and the intent to promote national security and domestic pol icy priorities. A growing body of empirical evi dence suggests that asylum outcomes, at least in the aggregate, have been weighted more heavily by foreign policy consider ations than humanitarian concerns. Since the mid 1990s, the United States government has reformed the asylum system in response to concerns of abuse by economic migrants, burgeon ing caseloads, and national security threats. Although, as Da vergne (2008) points out, \"the most reviled of asylum seekers of the global era is the 'economic refugee,' under suspicion of fleeing poverty and poor prospects in search of a better life\" rather than fleeing because of the fear of persecution (65), in the wake of terrorist attacks on the United States in 1993 and 2001, the fears of economic opportunists abusing the system have combined with the broader fear of potential terrorists gaining legal entry into the country through an overburdened asylum system. Since 1995, Congress has passed two major acts to reform the asylum process in reaction to these fears. Both the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act and the 2005 Real ID Act were passed to prevent economic migrants and individuals who may pose security risks from entering the country on false claims of asylum. Following September 11, the U.S. government has pursued prosecution for documents fraud among asylum appli cants and aggressively enforced safe third country require ments. And, like our European counterparts, the United States has increasingly taken more deterrent and preventative actions to discourage asylum applicants from choosing it as a target for asylum and prevent potential applicants from reaching its ports of entry. Critics fear that the draconian measures adopted in response to these fears are overly broad and worry that worthy applicants have been turned away at the border or denied asylum with increasing frequency, thus leading them to face the real possibility of torture and other forms of per secution. In this article, we examine changes in U.S. asylum policy and whether the heightened security concerns after Sep tember 11 have significantly influenced the U.S. asylum pro cess and outcomes in U.S. immigration courts. U.S. ASYLUM POLICY" }, { "paper": "2115622880", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2010", "title": "leonard s robins", "label": [ "2780110086" ], "author": [ "2110639564" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "LEONARD S. ROBINS", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2122075295", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2010", "title": "is there a progressive s dilemma in canada immigration multiculturalism and the welfare state", "label": [ "129603779", "542530943", "70036468" ], "author": [ "241572511" ], "reference": [ "25523520", "53124712", "88386586", "109438769", "174007632", "197542398", "294349952", "356760687", "367955246", "569373884", "569419819", "599085406", "602831092", "628007185", "634054354", "647660605", "649992683", "658581333", "1480817687", "1495524096", "1498624896", "1526945924", "1527720505", "1537646239", "1558177793", "1560629225", "1605426812", "1842734193", "1909040963", "1937622114", "1968649049", "1986214948", "1988323515", "1988753979", "2002925306", "2003924113", "2007588339", "2007678310", "2018002811", "2024872783", "2032263184", "2037192695", "2042436776", "2044658731", "2053133313", "2057691800", "2076982640", "2088796230", "2101475277", "2103046534", "2116242817", "2121920773", "2129405719", "2131795159", "2133784261", "2140859914", "2142693613", "2144707137", "2148816757", "2157207849", "2169844091", "2183080874", "2294467233", "2321788391", "2325627064", "2326885214", "2482307399", "2490362664", "2491857823", "2506381623", "2597648191", "2693570937", "2739024127", "2799390358", "2903638307", "3121201818", "3122881125" ], "abstract": "abstract there is a widespread fear in many western nations that ethnic diversity is eroding support for the welfare state this article examines such fears in the canadian context in depth analysis of public attitudes finds remarkably little tension between ethnic diversity and public support for social programs in canada at first glance then the country seems to demonstrate the political viability of a multicultural welfare state but this pattern reflects distinctive features of the institutional context within which public attitudes evolve the canadian policy regime has forestalled tension between diversity and redistribution by diverting adjustment pressures from the welfare state absorbing some of them in other parts of the policy regime and nurturing a more inclusive form of identity these institutional buffers are thinning however potentially increasing the danger of greater tension between diversity and redistribution in the years to come resume on craint generalement dans de nombreux pays occidentaux que l immigration et la diversite ethnique de plus en plus grande soient en train d eroder l appui accorde a l etat providence cet article porte sur de telles inquietudes au sein du canada une analyse approfondie des attitudes du public devoile qu il existe remarquablement peu de tension entre la diversite ethnique et l appui du public a l endroit des programmes sociaux du canada a premiere vue le pays semble donc demontrer la viabilite politique d un etat providence multiculturel mais cette tendance reflete les traits distinctifs du contexte institutionnel au sein duquel evoluent les attitudes du public le regime de politiques canadiennes fait echec a la tension entre la diversite et la redistribution en soustrayant de l etat providence diverses pressions d ajustement et en favorisant une forme d identite plus inclusive certains de ces mecanismes de tampon institutionnels disparaissent progressivement ce qui peut accroitre le danger d une tension accrue entre la diversite et la redistribution dans les annees a venir", "title_raw": "Is There a Progressive's Dilemma in Canada? Immigration, Multiculturalism and the Welfare State", "abstract_raw": "Abstract. There is a widespread fear in many western nations that ethnic diversity is eroding support for the welfare state. This article examines such fears in the Canadian context. In-depth analysis of public attitudes finds remarkably little tension between ethnic diversity and public support for social programs in Canada. At first glance, then, the country seems to demonstrate the political viability of a multicultural welfare state. But this pattern reflects distinctive features of the institutional context within which public attitudes evolve. The Canadian policy regime has forestalled tension between diversity and redistribution by diverting adjustment pressures from the welfare state, absorbing some of them in other parts of the policy regime, and nurturing a more inclusive form of identity. These institutional buffers are thinning, however, potentially increasing the danger of greater tension between diversity and redistribution in the years to come. Resume . On craint generalement dans de nombreux pays occidentaux que l'immigration et la diversite ethnique de plus en plus grande soient en train d'eroder l'appui accorde a l'Etat-providence. Cet article porte sur de telles inquietudes au sein du Canada. Une analyse approfondie des attitudes du public devoile qu'il existe remarquablement peu de tension entre la diversite ethnique et l'appui du public a l'endroit des programmes sociaux du Canada. A premiere vue, le pays semble donc demontrer la viabilite politique d'un Etat-providence multiculturel. Mais cette tendance reflete les traits distinctifs du contexte institutionnel au sein duquel evoluent les attitudes du public. Le regime de politiques canadiennes fait echec a la tension entre la diversite et la redistribution en soustrayant de l'Etat-providence diverses pressions d'ajustement et en favorisant une forme d'identite plus inclusive. Certains de ces mecanismes de tampon institutionnels disparaissent progressivement, ce qui peut accroitre le danger d'une tension accrue entre la diversite et la redistribution dans les annees a venir." }, { "paper": "3124300793", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2010", "title": "targeting nuclear programs in war and peace a quantitative empirical analysis 1941 2000", "label": [ "187155963" ], "author": [ "2166741673", "2041908381" ], "reference": [ "65648704", "218552491", "576915849", "604436667", "650384733", "1264770488", "1517091189", "1580041041", "1745603050", "1789764544", "1873404098", "1964512323", "1967428144", "1975735215", "1979914959", "1987566178", "2027930544", "2028112205", "2028469115", "2030548645", "2033521747", "2035029604", "2059225194", "2060985940", "2061292529", "2082824786", "2083620364", "2092357779", "2095609712", "2097184685", "2099304543", "2099499129", "2100214189", "2103271122", "2127955909", "2135035101", "2135849699", "2140349211", "2141497091", "2144382957", "2148012285", "2148347642", "2151704936", "2168629529", "2170944292", "2250886915", "2324639037", "2799792487", "2894567164", "2907311777", "2953837514", "2998772109", "3124594404", "3125937743" ], "abstract": "when do states attack or consider attacking nuclear infrastructure in nonnuclear weapons states despite the importance of this question relatively little scholarly research has considered when and why countries target nuclear programs the authors argue that states are likely to attack or consider attacking nuclear facilities when they are highly threatened by a particular country s acquisition of nuclear weapons three factors increase the salience of the proliferation threat 1 prior violent militarized conflict 2 the presence of a highly autocratic proliferator and 3 divergent foreign policy interests the authors test these propositions using statistical analysis and a new data set on all instances when countries have struck or seriously considered striking other states nuclear infrastructure between 1941 and 2000 the findings lend support for the theory and very little support for the alternative explanations states are not deterred from attacking nuclear programs by the prospect of a mi", "title_raw": "Targeting Nuclear Programs in War and Peace: A Quantitative Empirical Analysis, 1941-2000", "abstract_raw": "When do states attack or consider attacking nuclear infrastructure in nonnuclear weapons states? Despite the importance of this question, relatively little scholarly research has considered when and why countries target nuclear programs. The authors argue that states are likely to attack or consider attacking nuclear facilities when they are highly threatened by a particular country\u2019s acquisition of nuclear weapons. Three factors increase the salience of the proliferation threat: (1) prior violent militarized conflict; (2) the presence of a highly autocratic proliferator; and (3) divergent foreign policy interests. The authors test these propositions using statistical analysis and a new data set on all instances when countries have struck or seriously considered striking other states\u2019 nuclear infrastructure between 1941 and 2000. The findings lend support for the theory and very little support for the alternative explanations. States are not deterred from attacking nuclear programs by the prospect of a mi..." }, { "paper": "2150825281", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2010", "title": "paying the human costs of war american public opinion and casualties in military conflicts by christopher gelpi peter d feaver and jason reifler princeton princeton university press 2009 280p 65 00 cloth 26 95 paper", "label": [ "134698397" ], "author": [ "1979506640" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Paying the Human Costs of War: American Public Opinion and Casualties in Military Conflicts . By Christopher Gelpi, Peter D. Feaver, and Jason Reifler. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. 280p. $65.00 cloth, $26.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2150186404", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2010", "title": "a chinese world system again", "label": [ "2776126450" ], "author": [ "2099973480" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Chinese World System, Again?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2527272292", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2010", "title": "colombia s health reform false debates real imperatives author s reply", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2159388623", "2168244189", "2524221218", "2616797712" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Colombia's health reform: false debates, real imperatives. Author's reply", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2034002768", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2010", "title": "developing china land politics and social conditions george c s lin london and new york routledge 2009 xxiii 343 pp 85 00 isbn 978 0 415 41322 0", "label": [ "191935318", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2692074602" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Developing China: Land, Politics, and Social Conditions George C. S. Lin London and New York: Routledge, 2009 xxiii + 343 pp. \u00a385.00 ISBN 978-0-415-41322-0", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1999202465", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2010", "title": "dilemmas of implementation eu democracy assistance in the mediterranean", "label": [ "555826173", "123587114", "169437150", "3116431", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2195915330" ], "reference": [ "30384937", "590326583", "612396548", "642686133", "1507266525", "1510393012", "2003934805", "2004463612", "2013646838", "2018378619", "2033056213", "2038079390", "2049462042", "2051202033", "2078520299", "2079783518", "2081871314", "2098844128", "2113135784", "2122543205", "2141027520", "2153304720", "2268460453", "2318537161", "2469860001", "2898211840", "2970573439" ], "abstract": "the article shows how and why after having agreed upon a programme for democracy assistance under the name of european initiative for democracy and human rights eidhr the eu fell short of its original objectives in programme implementation this is demonstrated by close analysis of microprojects in mediterranean countries the scope of eu action shrank as priorities for action were defined and projects approved as a consequence the eu has promoted democracy less than human rights in relatively less demanding countries and without spending all the budgeted money this article shows how these findings are consistent with important themes in policy analysis and implementation research and thus supplements other explanations of eu shortcomings eu democracy assistance as represented by the eidhr is an ambiguous and contested policy which also suffers from an institutional setting characterized by a long chain of command this means that there are opportunities for small decisions to gradually shif", "title_raw": "Dilemmas of implementation: EU democracy assistance in the Mediterranean", "abstract_raw": "The article shows how and why, after having agreed upon a programme for democracy assistance under the name of European Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR), the EU fell short of its original objectives in programme implementation. This is demonstrated by close analysis of microprojects in Mediterranean countries. The scope of EU action shrank as priorities for action were defined and projects approved. As a consequence, the EU has promoted democracy less than human rights, in relatively less demanding countries, and without spending all the budgeted money. This article shows how these findings are consistent with important themes in Policy analysis and implementation research, and thus supplements other explanations of EU shortcomings. EU democracy assistance, as represented by the EIDHR, is an ambiguous and contested policy, which also suffers from an institutional setting characterized by a long chain of command. This means that there are opportunities for small decisions to gradually shif..." }, { "paper": "2576559482", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2010", "title": "laying down the law in pakistan", "label": [ "2781145704", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2578314899" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Laying Down the Law in Pakistan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1494335545", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2010", "title": "the nordics the eu and the reluctance towards supranational judicial review", "label": [ "81307892", "2777855027", "81819989", "48764862", "199539241", "555826173", "79638320" ], "author": [ "1969442628" ], "reference": [ "414596052", "788919585", "1489854300", "1512745222", "1523268308", "1528104050", "1539274691", "1549321456", "1752321066", "1846881622", "2030796074", "2037486681", "2061189098", "2080541667", "2108879842", "2122596153", "2124651012", "2125328317", "2139100182", "2147040805", "2241198755", "2262423156", "2486344956", "2494381553", "2496019789", "2749455641", "2758797575", "2767072098", "2770333755", "2796599699", "2973919005", "2999060770", "3112518517", "3122850811", "3124605531", "3124933653", "3126139896" ], "abstract": "the nordic countries have no tradition of judicial review by courts and have generally been hesitant to make use of the preliminary ruling procedure in the european union new data indicate that nordic courts prefer to solve as many eu related judicial disputes as possible without involving a supranational organ such as the ecj building on two comprehensive surveys of danish and swedish courts and judges this study challenges the theory of judicial empowerment when explaining judicial integration in the eu the article argues that in order to explain when and why member state courts make use of the preliminary ruling procedure a much deeper understanding of the prevalent legal political culture and concept of democracy in each member state is required in particular the distinction between majoritarian versus constitutional democracies may help us understand why majoritarian democracies express greater scepticism towards supranational judicial review", "title_raw": "The Nordics, the EU and the Reluctance Towards Supranational Judicial Review", "abstract_raw": "The Nordic countries have no tradition of judicial review by courts and have generally been hesitant to make use of the preliminary ruling procedure in the European Union. New data indicate that Nordic courts prefer to solve as many EU-related judicial disputes as possible without involving a supranational organ such as the ECJ. Building on two comprehensive surveys of Danish and Swedish courts and judges, this study challenges the theory of judicial empowerment when explaining judicial integration in the EU. The article argues that in order to explain when and why Member State courts make use of the preliminary ruling procedure, a much deeper understanding of the prevalent legal/political culture and concept of democracy in each Member State is required. In particular, the distinction between majoritarian versus constitutional democracies may help us understand why majoritarian democracies express greater scepticism towards supranational judicial review." }, { "paper": "2024393411", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2010", "title": "is there a southern european healthcare model", "label": [ "137992405", "47344431", "160735492" ], "author": [ "2169920036" ], "reference": [ "16884164", "85155997", "119116990", "147709926", "155190195", "234531965", "635520078", "1521819844", "1912036110", "1963916181", "1968634606", "1968858292", "1972260185", "1975496533", "1977840775", "2014078042", "2015836837", "2017356517", "2027165964", "2036457422", "2039148528", "2047587350", "2061139826", "2065401570", "2070330291", "2078590339", "2085401974", "2093982324", "2102858050", "2104110040", "2110591692", "2119852339", "2125496429", "2129057559", "2131120002", "2146016148", "2146738657", "2158004609", "2160868803", "2164525248", "2166260009", "2479031379", "2481218671", "3122077410" ], "abstract": "is there a typically southern european model of healthcare to answer this question it is not enough to find similarities between the greek italian spanish and portuguese health systems it is also necessary that these similarities be in some way distinctive for this reason the author compares these southern european countries with other western european countries in particular those which like the southern countries have adopted a national health service notwithstanding the eccentricities of the greek case this comparison shows how the four healthcare systems share certain characteristics which effectively distinguish them from their northern european counterparts these traits are particularly evident in the birth of the national health service the legacy of the previous health insurance system the composition of healthcare costs the rule of private hospitals the entitlements of patients and patients level of satisfaction with the healthcare system", "title_raw": "Is there a Southern European Healthcare Model", "abstract_raw": "Is there a typically Southern European model of healthcare? To answer this question it is not enough to find similarities between the Greek, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese health systems: it is also necessary that these similarities be in some way distinctive. For this reason the author compares these Southern European countries with other Western European countries, in particular those which, like the southern countries, have adopted a national health service. Notwithstanding the eccentricities of the Greek case, this comparison shows how the four healthcare systems share certain characteristics which effectively distinguish them from their Northern European counterparts. These traits are particularly evident in the birth of the national health service, the legacy of the previous health insurance system, the composition of healthcare costs, the rule of private hospitals, the entitlements of patients, and patients' level of satisfaction with the healthcare system." }, { "paper": "2143090376", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2010", "title": "blogging in the political science classroom", "label": [ "16443162", "90508534", "88610354" ], "author": [ "2489607020", "2068146139" ], "reference": [ "51635543", "1546839081", "2084108487", "2105247391", "2131855731", "2136407110" ], "abstract": "weblogs or blogs as a form of communication on the internet have recently risen in prominence but may be poorly understood by both faculty and students this article explains how blogs differ from other online communication tools and how political science faculty can make use of blogs in their classes the focus is on using blogs as part of class assignments to reinforce important skills including critical thinking political engage ment and essay writing we also discuss existing academic and professional blogs that may be models for student blogging in political science over the last decade information technology it innovations including in class presentation tech nologies course content management systems such as blackboard webct and sakai1 and e mail have transformed the ways that faculty teach and interact with students among the new technologies are a host of online tools including weblogs wikis discussion forums and e mail lists that are often bundled into popular content management systems while these new technologies offer new opportunities they may also present challenges for faculty who are less familiar with the differences among the tools and their potential educational uses in this article we focus primarily on the instructional applica tions of weblogs blogs which offer particular challenges and opportunities for political science faculty who may be consider ing the use of this tool as part of their courses 2 in this regard our purpose is to provide a basic introduction to blogging and offer some ideas based on our experiences for using blogging in the political science classroom", "title_raw": "Blogging in the Political Science Classroom.", "abstract_raw": "Weblogs (or blogs), as a form of communication on the Internet, have recently risen in prominence but may be poorly understood by both faculty and students. This article explains how blogs differ from other online communication tools and how political science faculty can make use of blogs in their classes. The focus is on using blogs as part of class assignments to reinforce important skills, including critical thinking, political engage ment, and essay writing. We also discuss existing academic and professional blogs that may be models for student blogging in political science. Over the last decade, information technology (IT) innovations, including in-class presentation tech nologies, course content-management systems (such as Blackboard, WebCT, and Sakai1), and e-mail, have transformed the ways that faculty teach and interact with students. Among the new technologies are a host of online tools, including Weblogs, wikis, discussion forums, and e-mail lists, that are often bundled into popular content-management systems. While these new technologies offer new opportunities, they may also present challenges for faculty who are less familiar with the differences among the tools and their potential educational uses. In this article, we focus primarily on the instructional applica tions of Weblogs (blogs), which offer particular challenges and opportunities for political science faculty who may be consider ing the use of this tool as part of their courses.2 In this regard, our purpose is to provide a basic introduction to blogging and offer some ideas, based on our experiences, for using blogging in the political science classroom." }, { "paper": "2362392786", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2010", "title": "to promote the prosperity and rejuvenation of private higher education research on private higher education in school of education in hust", "label": [ "2776554220", "120912362", "3116431", "527016502" ], "author": [ "2437299722" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "to promote the prosperity and development of private higher education the scholars from school of education in huazhong university of science and technology analyzed and explored private higher education from the perspectives of theory practice and policy they advocated as follows to develop private higher education actively in order to satisfy the demands of higher education to construct the top private universities by innovating the system and mechanism to optimize the allocation of resources to improve the overall efficiency and competitiveness of the private higher education to perfect private higher education system taking advantage of the famous public universities to study private higher education abroad to learn their experience and reveal the law", "title_raw": "To Promote the Prosperity and Rejuvenation of Private Higher Education\u2014\u2014Research on Private Higher Education in School of Education in HUST", "abstract_raw": "To promote the prosperity and development of private higher education,the scholars from School of Education in Huazhong University of Science and Technology analyzed and explored private higher education from the perspectives of theory,practice and policy.They advocated as follows: to develop private higher education actively in order to satisfy the demands of higher education;to construct the top private universities by innovating the system and mechanism;to optimize the allocation of resources to improve the overall efficiency and competitiveness of the private higher education;to perfect private higher education system taking advantage of the famous public universities;to study private higher education abroad to learn their experience and reveal the law." }, { "paper": "2031598781", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "spain s budget neglects research", "label": [ "121426985", "68151297", "51575053", "83009810", "2778896172" ], "author": [ "2570871811", "2305673273", "2581958969", "2615345348", "2665476114", "2953399641", "2116936539", "2580829971", "1904276519", "2017928490" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "research and innovation are crucial for the development and well being of society now in times of economic downturn the urgency of changing the economic model to provide sustainable growth has become apparent however investment in rd all this in spite of the fact that spain only dedicates 1 35 of its gross national product to rd researchers with temporary contracts will find that after years of work and training their contracts may not be renewed r d has been completely neglected in the recent special anti crisis measures referred to as plan e 2 2 even though funds dedicated to science and its infrastructure would have met the same goals and been profitable in subsequent years a training program for future researchers and technicians would have provided opportunities for laid off workers from other sectors it would also have been an excellent time to promote r d in the private sector unfortunately the spanish science system also has endemic deficits such as continuous changes in management personnel and structure lack of a fixed calendar of calls bureaucratic delays arbitrariness in the selection promotion and stabilization of personnel and paralysis of necessary legislative initiatives we believe that it is time to demand a binding long term commitment from all parties to equip the spanish science system with stability and prestige a real increase in funding for rd and rational planning to support the different stages of scientific careers the authors of this letter have written a manifesto 3 3 summarized here that has the support of many scientific groups we believe that the moment has arrived for the scientific community to join forces learn more about our mission at www investigaresfuturo org 4 1 5 instituto nacional de estadistica notas de prensa 2009 www ine es prensa np575 pdf 6 2 7 gobierno de espana que es el plan e plan espanol para el estimulo de la economia y el empleo www plane gob es que es el plan e 8 3 9 plataforma por la investigacion research is an investment in the future 1 ref 1 2 ref 2 3 ref 3 4 http www investigaresfuturo org 5 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 6 http www ine es prensa np575 pdf 7 xref ref 2 1 view reference 2 in text 8 http www plane gob es que es el plan e 9 xref ref 3 1 view reference 3 in text", "title_raw": "Spain's budget neglects research.", "abstract_raw": "Research and innovation are crucial for the development and well-being of society. Now, in times of economic downturn, the urgency of changing the economic model to provide sustainable growth has become apparent. However, investment in RD all this in spite of the fact that Spain only dedicates 1.35% of its gross national product to RD researchers with temporary contracts will find that, after years of work and training, their contracts may not be renewed.\n\nR&D has been completely neglected in the recent special anti-crisis measures, referred to as \u201cPlan-E\u201d ([ 2 ][2]), even though funds dedicated to science and its infrastructure would have met the same goals and been profitable in subsequent years. A training program for future researchers and technicians would have provided opportunities for laid-off workers from other sectors. It would also have been an excellent time to promote R&D in the private sector.\n\nUnfortunately, the Spanish science system also has endemic deficits, such as continuous changes in management personnel and structure; lack of a fixed calendar of calls; bureaucratic delays; arbitrariness in the selection, promotion, and stabilization of personnel; and paralysis of necessary legislative initiatives.\n\nWe believe that it is time to demand a binding, long-term commitment from all parties to equip the Spanish science system with stability and prestige; a real increase in funding for RD and rational planning to support the different stages of scientific careers.\n\nThe authors of this Letter have written a manifesto ([ 3 ][3]), summarized here, that has the support of many scientific groups. We believe that the moment has arrived for the scientific community to join forces. Learn more about our mission at [www.investigaresfuturo.org][4].\n\n1. [\u21b5][5] Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Notas de Prensa (2009); [www.ine.es/prensa/np575.pdf][6].\n \n\n2. [\u21b5][7] Gobierno de Espana, \u201c?Que es el Plan E?\u201d Plan Espanol para el Estimulo de la Economia y el Empleo; [www.plane.gob.es/que-es-el-plan-e/][8].\n \n\n3. [\u21b5][9] Plataforma por la Investigacion, \u201cResearch is an investment in the future\u201d; .\n\n [1]: #ref-1\n [2]: #ref-2\n [3]: #ref-3\n [4]: http://www.investigaresfuturo.org\n [5]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1 in text\"\n [6]: http://www.ine.es/prensa/np575.pdf\n [7]: #xref-ref-2-1 \"View reference 2 in text\"\n [8]: http://www.plane.gob.es/que-es-el-plan-e/\n [9]: #xref-ref-3-1 \"View reference 3 in text\"" }, { "paper": "1976420886", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2010", "title": "chandra s first decade of discovery", "label": [ "2776742560" ], "author": [ "3175605185", "1543946271", "3134255588" ], "reference": [ "56310799", "1526996731", "1612667125", "1967131231", "1971608308", "1974654147", "1986369586", "1992412005", "1999811446", "2002015516", "2026516601", "2027429076", "2027922651", "2029067486", "2038908429", "2046284820", "2056976313", "2061575248", "2067509014", "2076528560", "2086659363", "2089258987", "2089663255", "2090916154", "2092980305", "2094414339", "2115496477", "2119449281", "2133253543", "2142164971", "2147179736", "2150772486", "2154440328", "2169809030", "2171625363", "2172063706", "2614392239", "2963802602", "2995486652", "2996001958", "2997910585", "2998189759", "2998338451", "3001338284", "3006798291", "3014264151", "3016267754", "3017269901", "3017318345", "3023617517", "3023964260", "3041615710", "3043364237", "3043803353", "3045583715", "3048560864", "3049436150", "3064857874", "3086429260", "3089007497", "3089332377", "3094370619", "3094915899", "3095649563", "3101195019", "3101993585", "3102204396", "3102752445", "3103681820", "3104216747", "3104911440", "3105079268", "3115009441", "3115874364", "3117409469", "3125414839", "3134504790", "3147104480", "3169353113", "3176910666", "3185671954" ], "abstract": "we review some of the many scientific results reported at a symposium held in september 2009 celebrating the 10th anniversary of national aeronautics and space administration s nasa s chandra x ray observatory these results were contributed by scientists who were among the more than 300 symposium participants we highlight those results that most emphasize the unique imaging and spectroscopic capabilities of chandra", "title_raw": "Chandra\u2019s first decade of discovery", "abstract_raw": "We review some of the many scientific results reported at a symposium held in September 2009 celebrating the 10th anniversary of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Chandra X-ray Observatory. These results were contributed by scientists who were among the more than 300 symposium participants. We highlight those results that most emphasize the unique imaging and spectroscopic capabilities of Chandra." }, { "paper": "2076780118", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2010", "title": "nanoblogging pr the discourse on public relations in twitter", "label": [ "39549134", "2775995803" ], "author": [ "2139527160", "2688518473" ], "reference": [ "1596226399", "2085627626", "2133943399" ], "abstract": "abstract by analysing 653 tweets that include the word public relations or the acronym pr the purpose of this paper is to show how twitter contributes to the development of the theory and practice of public relations in order to achieve this aim an exploratory research has been conducted", "title_raw": "Nanoblogging PR: The discourse on public relations in Twitter", "abstract_raw": "Abstract By analysing 653 tweets that include the word \u201cpublic relations\u201d or the acronym \u201cPR\u201d, the purpose of this paper is to show how Twitter contributes to the development of the theory and practice of public relations. In order to achieve this aim, an exploratory research has been conducted." }, { "paper": "2372795562", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2010", "title": "the changes in access to higher education in china", "label": [ "129047720", "2775987171", "191935318", "2777597347", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2629615906" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "access to higher education in china has changed since the 1990s data from the urban and rural statistics shows that if the tiers of higher education are not distinguished the equality of access opportunities either in urban or rural areas have been improved greatly using meta analysis method to the available relevant empirical research if the tiers of higher education are distinguished the children with better social economical status are more likely to get access to elite universities", "title_raw": "The changes in access to higher education in China", "abstract_raw": "Access to higher education in China has changed since the 1990s.Data from the urban and rural statistics shows that,if the tiers of higher education are not distinguished,the equality of access opportunities,either in urban or rural areas,have been improved greatly;using meta analysis method to the available relevant empirical research,if the tiers of higher education are distinguished,the children with better social-economical status are more likely to get access to elite universities." }, { "paper": "2034787476", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2010", "title": "crossing the line partisan party assistance in post milosevic serbia", "label": [ "555826173", "65117487", "199539241", "17058734", "2780093650", "46295352", "46355384", "94625758", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "1969808130" ], "reference": [ "568833507", "1523633683", "1983890942", "1986437148", "1990919759", "1992652853", "2032111668", "2047947967", "2082803709", "2083662732", "2106150004", "2115832474", "2125906765", "2148388782", "2796896739" ], "abstract": "this contribution explores one of the most widely discussed examples of pro democracy international intervention regime change in serbia it takes the contemporary scholarship on regime change one step further however examining not only the international effort leading up to milosevic s ouster but also and most importantly that which followed as is explained despite the widely cited premise that democracy aid to political parties does not seek to determine electoral outcomes political party assistance in serbia has often been designed to do precisely that the study examines how partisan party aid has detracted from donors larger efforts to promote democracy abroad in so doing it demonstrates that a partisan approach to party aid has the potential not only to compromise the legitimacy of democracy s promotion abroad but also to undermine fledgling democratic processes in post authoritarian states in such circumstances partisan party assistance may very well be less desirable than no party a", "title_raw": "Crossing the line: partisan party assistance in post-Milo\u0161evi\u0107 Serbia", "abstract_raw": "This contribution explores one of the most widely discussed examples of pro-democracy international intervention: regime change in Serbia. It takes the contemporary scholarship on regime change one step further, however, examining not only the international effort leading up to Milosevic's ouster, but also, and most importantly, that which followed. As is explained, despite the widely cited premise that democracy aid to political parties does not seek to determine electoral outcomes, political party assistance in Serbia has often been designed to do precisely that. The study examines how partisan party aid has detracted from donors' larger efforts to promote democracy abroad. In so doing, it demonstrates that a partisan approach to party aid has the potential not only to compromise the legitimacy of democracy's promotion abroad, but also to undermine fledgling democratic processes in post-authoritarian states. In such circumstances, partisan party assistance may very well be less desirable than no party a..." }, { "paper": "429875281", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2010", "title": "the research for japanese higher education s role in the construction of global universities in an age of japan as no 3", "label": [ "120912362", "2779917698" ], "author": [ "2484324341" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "japanese higher education has also experienced a drastic change during the past twenty years the japanese higher education is now in the midst of the third largest reform movement following the first reform of 135 years ago and the second one of 60 years ago one of the most distinctive features of the present university reform is this competitive spirit and attitude pervasive in most universities the second feature of the recent university reform is the enrichment of undergraduate and graduate education the third feature of the present higher education reform is its intensification of university governance and management japanese universities in the 21st century are facing both challenges and crises it will take some time to create more world class universities in japan it may be too early to announce that japanese universities will be internationalized within a decade one thing which will surely happen during the next decade however is that a loosely structured university will no more survive in japan and only a well structured competitive university which strives to provide quality education and productive research programs will thrive", "title_raw": "The Research for Japanese Higher Education's Role in the Construction of Global Universities in an Age of \"Japan as No.3\"", "abstract_raw": "Japanese higher education has also experienced a drastic change during the past twenty years.The Japanese higher education is now in the midst of the third largest reform movement following the first reform of 135 years ago and the second one of 60 years ago.One of the most distinctive features of the present university reform is this competitive spirit and attitude pervasive in most universities.The second feature of the recent university reform is the enrichment of undergraduate and graduate education.The third feature of the present higher education reform is its intensification of university governance and management.Japanese universities in the 21st century are facing both challenges and crises.It will take some time to create more world class universities in Japan.It may be too early to announce that Japanese universities will be internationalized within a decade.One thing which will surely happen during the next decade,however,is that a loosely structured university will no more survive in Japan and only a well-structured,competitive university,which strives to provide quality education and productive research programs,will thrive." }, { "paper": "2056102844", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "improving access to research", "label": [ "134215751", "186528591", "2778061430", "39549134", "2909155969", "2776475305" ], "author": [ "621636522", "2147547134", "2700225857", "3185970879" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "unless you sit on your institution s library advisory committee a professional society s publications committee or a journal editorial board you may have paid only passing attention to the debate over public access to scientific research which has been swirling through these communities ever since science journals started publishing online 15 years ago that is about to change last week the u s house science and technology committee s roundtable on scholarly publishing on which we served along with 10 others released a report 1 arguing that journal articles derived from federal research funding should be made publicly available as quickly as practicable generally in a year or less after publication and in ways that will improve scholarship by maximizing the scope for interoperability across articles among disciplines and internationally currently there is no consistency regarding which version of an article is freely available in contrast the roundtable s report recommends that access policies aim toward making the version of record the final version of an article in its published form publicly available and the report also asserts that any successful scheme for public access must provide methods for permanent public access the scholarly communications enterprise resembles a global ecosystem comprising a complex interdependent web of relationships this enterprise is subject to a remarkable pace of change in its underpinning technologies so that the notion of what constitutes an article how it is structured and where and how it is read continues to evolve very rapidly in the same sort of way as your 2 year old cell phone no longer quite meets your needs the report therefore eschews prescriptive solutions to achieve public access and it favors no particular business model instead it focuses on principles to guide federal policy and practice going forward in particular the critical role of peer review the need for continued engagement among stakeholders and the importance of fostering innovation figure 2 credit istockphoto com 3 most notably to replace the recent heated discourse marked by anger and ideological hard lines the report recommends a collaborative nuanced and flexible approach believing that this will effectively and quickly achieve the goals of still broader access to a greater scope of scholarly literature this is a centrist perspective perhaps but one that is progressive and reflective of what we see as an increasing convergence among the range of views regarding public access so how will the goals of broader access and richer scholarship actually be achieved the report calls for each u s funding agency to develop public access policies that make the best sense in each particular academic niche thus for instance an agency might choose to work with its stakeholder communities to provide robust public access to journal articles on publisher web sites rather than constructing and paying for a centrally operated repository the report envisions a coordinating and guiding role for the u s office of science and technology policy through the establishment of an advisory group including researchers publishers librarians university administrators and the public it also calls for the development of technological standards that would allow researchers and others to search across distributed networks of information sources thereby facilitating discovery and the generation of new knowledge what next clearly the progress of scholarship and electronic publishing and their extraordinary scientific and social benefits will require continuing adaptations by professional societies libraries funding agencies governmental entities representing the public interest and others despite the fact that 2 of our 14 committee members were unable to endorse the report in its entirety 1 we are optimistic that broad middle grounds in the respective stakeholder communities will recognize the wisdom of the roundtable s recommendations and that the process of engagement through which they were developed represents a sensible and workable path toward an increasingly unfettered and useful body of knowledge 1 fn 1 2 pending yes 3 http istockphoto com", "title_raw": "Improving Access to Research", "abstract_raw": "Unless you sit on your Institution's Library Advisory Committee, a professional society's publications committee, or a journal editorial board, you may have paid only passing attention to the debate over public access to scientific research, which has been swirling through these communities ever since science journals started publishing online 15 years ago. That is about to change. Last week, the U.S. House Science and Technology Committee's Roundtable on Scholarly Publishing (on which we served along with 10 others) released a report[*][1] arguing that journal articles derived from federal research funding should be made publicly available as quickly as practicable\u2014generally in a year or less after publication\u2014and in ways that will improve scholarship by maximizing the scope for interoperability across articles, among disciplines, and internationally. Currently, there is no consistency regarding which version of an article is freely available. In contrast, the roundtable's report recommends that access policies aim toward making the \u201cVersion of Record\u201d (the final version of an article in its published form) publicly available. And the report also asserts that any successful scheme for public access must provide methods for permanent public access.\n\nThe scholarly communications enterprise resembles a global ecosystem, comprising a complex interdependent web of relationships. This enterprise is subject to a remarkable pace of change in its underpinning technologies, so that the notion of what constitutes an article, how it is structured, and where and how it is read continues to evolve very rapidly, in the same sort of way as your 2-year-old cell phone no longer quite meets your needs. The report therefore eschews prescriptive solutions to achieve public access, and it favors no particular business model. Instead, it focuses on principles to guide federal policy and practice going forward, in particular the critical role of peer review, the need for continued engagement among stakeholders, and the importance of fostering innovation.\n\n![Figure][2] \n\nCREDIT: [ISTOCKPHOTO.COM][3]\n\nMost notably, to replace the recent heated discourse marked by anger and ideological hard lines, the report recommends a collaborative, nuanced, and flexible approach, believing that this will effectively and quickly achieve the goals of still broader access to a greater scope of scholarly literature. This is a centrist perspective, perhaps, but one that is progressive and reflective of what we see as an increasing convergence among the range of views regarding public access.\n\nSo how will the goals of broader access and richer scholarship actually be achieved? The report calls for each U.S. funding agency to develop public access policies that make the best sense in each particular academic niche. Thus, for instance, an agency might choose to work with its stakeholder communities to provide robust public access to journal articles on publisher Web sites, rather than constructing and paying for a centrally operated repository. The report envisions a coordinating and guiding role for the U.S. Office of Science and Technology Policy, through the establishment of an advisory group including researchers, publishers, librarians, university administrators, and the public. It also calls for the development of technological standards that would allow researchers and others to search across distributed networks of information sources, thereby facilitating discovery and the generation of new knowledge.\n\nWhat next? Clearly the progress of scholarship and electronic publishing and their extraordinary scientific and social benefits will require continuing adaptations by professional societies, libraries, funding agencies, governmental entities representing the public interest, and others. Despite the fact that 2 of our 14 committee members were unable to endorse the report in its entirety,[*][1] we are optimistic that broad middle grounds in the respective stakeholder communities will recognize the wisdom of the roundtable's recommendations, and that the process of engagement through which they were developed represents a sensible and workable path toward an increasingly unfettered and useful body of knowledge.\n\n [1]: #fn-1\n [2]: pending:yes\n [3]: http://ISTOCKPHOTO.COM" }, { "paper": "2053417727", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "china s research culture", "label": [ "2780328347", "148834064", "128268270", "39549134", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2810113654", "2603458854" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "figure 1 credits tsinghua university david rao government research funds in china have been growing at an annual rate of more than 20 exceeding even the expectations of china s most enthusiastic scientists in theory this could allow china to make truly outstanding progress in science and research complementing the nation s economic success in reality however rampant problems in research funding some attributable to the system and others cultural are slowing down china s potential pace of innovation although scientific merit may still be the key to the success of smaller research grants such as those from china s national natural science foundation it is much less relevant for the megaproject grants from various government funding agencies which range from tens to hundreds of millions of chinese yuan 7 yuan equals approximately 1 u s dollar for the latter the key is the application guidelines that are issued each year to specify research areas and projects their ostensible purpose is to outline national needs but the guidelines are often so narrowly described that they leave little doubt that the needs are anything but national instead the intended recipients are obvious committees appointed by bureaucrats in the funding agencies determine these annual guidelines for obvious reasons the chairs of the committees often listen to and usually cooperate with the bureaucrats expert opinions simply reflect a mutual understanding between a very small group of bureaucrats and their favorite scientists this top down approach stifles innovation and makes clear to everyone that the connections with bureaucrats and a few powerful scientists are paramount dictating the entire process of guideline preparation to obtain major grants in china it is an open secret that doing good research is not as important as schmoozing with powerful bureaucrats and their favorite experts figure 1 credit thinkstock this problematic funding system is frequently ridiculed by the majority of chinese researchers and yet it is also paradoxically accepted by most of them some believe that there is no choice but to accept these conventions this culture even permeates the minds of those who are new returnees from abroad they quickly adapt to the local environment and perpetuate the unhealthy culture a significant proportion of researchers in china spend too much time on building connections and not enough time attending seminars discussing science doing research or training students instead using them as laborers in their laboratories most are too busy to be found in their own institutions some become part of the problem they use connections to judge grant applicants and undervalue scientific merit there is no need to spell out the ethical code for scientific research and grants management as most of the power brokers in chinese research were educated in industrialized countries but overhauling the system will be no easy task those favored by the existing system resist meaningful reform some who oppose the unhealthy culture choose to be silent for fear of losing future grant opportunities others who want change take the attitude of wait and see rather than risk a losing battle despite the roadblocks those shaping science policy and those working at the bench clearly recognize the problems with china s current research culture it wastes resources corrupts the spirit and stymies innovation the time for china to build a healthy research culture is now riding the momentum of increasing funding and a growing strong will to break away from damaging conventions a simple but important start would be to distribute all of the new funds based on merit without regard to connections over time this new culture could and should become the major pillar of a system that nurtures rather than squanders the innovative potential of china 1 pending yes", "title_raw": "China's Research Culture", "abstract_raw": "![Figure][1] \n\nCREDITS: TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY; DAVID RAO\n\nGovernment research funds in China have been growing at an annual rate of more than 20%, exceeding even the expectations of China's most enthusiastic scientists. In theory, this could allow China to make truly outstanding progress in science and research, complementing the nation's economic success. In reality, however, rampant problems in research funding\u2014some attributable to the system and others cultural\u2014are slowing down China's potential pace of innovation.\n\nAlthough scientific merit may still be the key to the success of smaller research grants, such as those from China's National Natural Science Foundation, it is much less relevant for the megaproject grants from various government funding agencies, which range from tens to hundreds of millions of Chinese yuan (7 yuan equals approximately 1 U.S. dollar). For the latter, the key is the application guidelines that are issued each year to specify research areas and projects. Their ostensible purpose is to outline \u201cnational needs.\u201d But the guidelines are often so narrowly described that they leave little doubt that the \u201cneeds\u201d are anything but national; instead, the intended recipients are obvious. Committees appointed by bureaucrats in the funding agencies determine these annual guidelines. For obvious reasons, the chairs of the committees often listen to and usually cooperate with the bureaucrats. \u201cExpert opinions\u201d simply reflect a mutual understanding between a very small group of bureaucrats and their favorite scientists. This top-down approach stifles innovation and makes clear to everyone that the connections with bureaucrats and a few powerful scientists are paramount, dictating the entire process of guideline preparation. To obtain major grants in China, it is an open secret that doing good research is not as important as schmoozing with powerful bureaucrats and their favorite experts.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: THINKSTOCK\n\nThis problematic funding system is frequently ridiculed by the majority of Chinese researchers. And yet it is also, paradoxically, accepted by most of them. Some believe that there is no choice but to accept these conventions. This culture even permeates the minds of those who are new returnees from abroad; they quickly adapt to the local environment and perpetuate the unhealthy culture. A significant proportion of researchers in China spend too much time on building connections and not enough time attending seminars, discussing science, doing research, or training students (instead, using them as laborers in their laboratories). Most are too busy to be found in their own institutions. Some become part of the problem: They use connections to judge grant applicants and undervalue scientific merit.\n\nThere is no need to spell out the ethical code for scientific research and grants management, as most of the power brokers in Chinese research were educated in industrialized countries. But overhauling the system will be no easy task. Those favored by the existing system resist meaningful reform. Some who oppose the unhealthy culture choose to be silent for fear of losing future grant opportunities. Others who want change take the attitude of \u201cwait and see,\u201d rather than risk a losing battle.\n\nDespite the roadblocks, those shaping science policy and those working at the bench clearly recognize the problems with China's current research culture: It wastes resources, corrupts the spirit, and stymies innovation. The time for China to build a healthy research culture is now, riding the momentum of increasing funding and a growing strong will to break away from damaging conventions. A simple but important start would be to distribute all of the new funds based on merit, without regard to connections. Over time, this new culture could and should become the major pillar of a system that nurtures, rather than squanders, the innovative potential of China.\n\n [1]: pending:yes" }, { "paper": "2556764507", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2010", "title": "defining success in afghanistan", "label": [ "3116431", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2083216849", "185406558", "2554972977" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Defining Success in Afghanistan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2157780108", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2010", "title": "strengthening international courts and the early settlement of disputes", "label": [ "139621336", "2776949292", "2780208285", "2779777834", "2779871314", "50688660", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2061036924", "2134828337", "2096600233" ], "reference": [ "30772795", "56674832", "394661512", "597076729", "649277804", "1528371177", "1529552614", "1552018024", "1583479459", "1591456440", "1751143035", "1968052890", "1981550176", "1984738332", "1985724815", "1985751637", "2016979187", "2027473328", "2028787377", "2031982559", "2041994244", "2047983622", "2056370346", "2070343248", "2070625543", "2076071503", "2083211127", "2085384288", "2093248821", "2097990966", "2098643848", "2099615129", "2105461624", "2110088241", "2113966318", "2119040993", "2119123462", "2124455068", "2134190700", "2135691100", "2145005545", "2153504533", "2155907216", "2156220910", "2157000725", "2160195222", "2164095277", "2165819037", "2271153861", "2326030106", "2331245232", "2475634941", "3020877949", "3041799761", "3121352797", "3121768899", "3122047234", "3122128116", "3123219570", "3124467954", "3124642965", "3124903755", "3125470262", "3125569413", "3126011966" ], "abstract": "we construct a formal model of interstate disputes and nd that increasing the probability that a court will review cases on their merits reduces incentives for states to reach early settlements and increases the likelihood that costly litigation will take place similarly we nd that strengthening the enforcement of court rulings also increases the use of the court in equilibrium we evaluate the plausibility of our results by examining the use of the international court of justice", "title_raw": "Strengthening International Courts and the Early Settlement of Disputes", "abstract_raw": "We construct a formal model of interstate disputes and nd that increasing the probability that a court will review cases on their merits reduces incentives for states to reach early settlements and increases the likelihood that costly litigation will take place. Similarly, we nd that strengthening the enforcement of court rulings also increases the use of the court in equilibrium. We evaluate the plausibility of our results by examining the use of the International Court of Justice." }, { "paper": "2012876328", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2010", "title": "the quality of democracy in eastern europe public preferences and policy reforms by andrew roberts new york cambridge university press 2010 239p 80 00", "label": [ "555826173", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2150679301" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Quality of Democracy in Eastern Europe: Public Preferences and Policy Reforms . By Andrew Roberts. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 239p. $80.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2004480099", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2010", "title": "contextual and audience moderators of channel selection and message reception of public health information in routine and crisis situations", "label": [ "39549134", "178649314", "2776390805" ], "author": [ "2131397301" ], "reference": [ "39095583", "195007318", "254744174", "1964500791", "1984355633", "1988291650", "2013047354", "2020736258", "2026791420", "2029834212", "2034838641", "2034975174", "2047186857", "2049527133", "2065018360", "2069143108", "2071677933", "2078341604", "2078705948", "2081834594", "2082243363", "2082464692", "2100788396", "2105447575", "2106096361", "2119967212", "2156361410", "2163506807", "2170682474" ], "abstract": "a richer understanding of audience channel selection and message reception during routine and crisis situations through receiver oriented research offers great promise to extend situational theory s predictive utility key variables of situational theory including involvement constraint and problem recognition in information seeking and processing may be moderated by broader demographic and contextual factors in consumption of health information thus situational theory frames this analysis of channels most important for public use in routine and crisis contexts in health information seeking differences in preferences between contexts and the criteria publics apply when evaluating the quality of health information results of a national random telephone survey n 400 indicate a need for more receiver based studies in public relations as involvement and demographics played key moderating roles in channel preferences use of several channels including radio magazine and television differed betwe", "title_raw": "Contextual and Audience Moderators of Channel Selection and Message Reception of Public Health Information in Routine and Crisis Situations", "abstract_raw": "A richer understanding of audience channel selection and message reception during routine and crisis situations through receiver-oriented research offers great promise to extend situational theory's predictive utility. Key variables of situational theory, including involvement, constraint, and problem recognition in information seeking and processing may be moderated by broader demographic and contextual factors in consumption of health information. Thus, situational theory frames this analysis of channels most important for public use in routine and crisis contexts in health information seeking, differences in preferences between contexts, and the criteria publics apply when evaluating the quality of health information. Results of a national random telephone survey (n\u00a0=\u00a0400) indicate a need for more receiver-based studies in public relations, as involvement and demographics played key moderating roles in channel preferences. Use of several channels including radio, magazine, and television differed betwe..." }, { "paper": "1991948264", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "u n biodiversity summit yields welcome and unexpected progress", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "1817140627" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "delegates advocates and observers were braced for the worst going into the last week of a biodiversity summit instead at a marathon closing plenary session the parties agreed to an ambitious plan to halt the loss of biodiversity an agreement to combat biopiracy a scheme to increase conservation funding and a raft of related policy statements not everyone got what they wanted but most got something they could live with", "title_raw": "U.N. Biodiversity Summit Yields Welcome and Unexpected Progress", "abstract_raw": "Delegates, advocates, and observers were braced for the worst going into the last week of a biodiversity summit. Instead, at a marathon closing plenary session, the parties agreed to an ambitious plan to halt the loss of biodiversity, an agreement to combat biopiracy, a scheme to increase conservation funding, and a raft of related policy statements. Not everyone got what they wanted, but most got something they could live with." }, { "paper": "2042757459", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "will homebody researchers turn japan into a scientific backwater", "label": [ "39549134", "68151297" ], "author": [ "1817140627" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "scientific communityfewer young japanese scientists are going abroad for advanced training the japan society for the promotion of science hopes to turn the tide with new programs that dispatch researchers abroad but what s most needed observers say is a change in hiring procedures at home although tight budgets are a factor the biggest restraint on going abroad may be cultural those who stay close to decision makers seem to advance", "title_raw": "Will Homebody Researchers Turn Japan Into a Scientific Backwater", "abstract_raw": "Scientific CommunityFewer young Japanese scientists are going abroad for advanced training. The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science hopes to turn the tide with new programs that dispatch researchers abroad. But what's most needed, observers say, is a change in hiring procedures at home. Although tight budgets are a factor, the biggest restraint on going abroad may be cultural: Those who stay close to decision-makers seem to advance." }, { "paper": "1970550026", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2010", "title": "legislative power in emerging african democracies edited by joel d barkan london lynne rienner 2009 pp 277 51 50 hbk", "label": [ "83009810" ], "author": [ "289558346" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Legislative Power in Emerging African Democracies edited by Joel D. Barkan London: Lynne Rienner, 2009. Pp. 277, \u00a351.50 (hbk).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1998215315", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2010", "title": "taming the river negotiating the academic financial and social currents in selective colleges and universities review", "label": [ "39549134", "199776023" ], "author": [ "2193803914" ], "reference": [ "2081388193", "2090949540", "2250276845" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Taming the River: Negotiating the Academic, Financial, and Social Currents in Selective Colleges and Universities (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2320169094", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2010", "title": "macrofoundations of regime change democracy state formation and capitalist development", "label": [ "2780093650", "555826173", "74242886" ], "author": [ "2664703359" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Macrofoundations of Regime Change: Democracy, State Formation, and Capitalist Development", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1998056746", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2010", "title": "rule of law rule of life caste democracy and the courts in india", "label": [ "2776847301", "555826173", "110346835", "149209484", "30048959", "170706310", "8705443", "177986884", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2054139020" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rule of Law, Rule of Life: Caste, Democracy, and the Courts in India", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2070717627", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2010", "title": "testing proximity versus directional voting using experiments", "label": [ "2778521920", "520049643", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2113348451", "1980389586" ], "reference": [ "606226082", "1578677078", "1973218120", "1977825494", "1982343866", "2012737176", "2016523277", "2022146198", "2038284608", "2043031359", "2063783879", "2075958125", "2081798757", "2090939951", "2092298252", "2093252466", "2101709468", "2110464107", "2130791773", "2134013855", "2142187552", "2147805916", "2148101642", "2154573574", "2157951174", "2164123392", "2165994573", "2327090004", "2327864893" ], "abstract": "a long running debate about how voters use issues to evaluate candidates pits the proximity theory of voting against directional theory using surveys both sides of the debate have found support for their preferred theory but disagreement remains because of differing ways of analyzing the data lewis and king 2000 point out that these researchers make assumptions that bias results in favor of their theory to avoid these difficulties our approach creates fictitious candidates with controlled positions presents these candidates to randomly assigned subjects and examines the relationship between subjects evaluations of these candidates and their ideological beliefs as a neutral test of proximity and directional theory our results provide reasonably strong support for proximity theory but little for directional theory", "title_raw": "Testing proximity versus directional voting using experiments", "abstract_raw": "A long-running debate about how voters use issues to evaluate candidates pits the proximity theory of voting against directional theory. Using surveys, both sides of the debate have found support for their preferred theory, but disagreement remains because of differing ways of analyzing the data. Lewis and King (2000) point out that these researchers make assumptions that bias results in favor of their theory. To avoid these difficulties, our approach creates fictitious candidates with controlled positions, presents these candidates to randomly-assigned subjects, and examines the relationship between subjects\u2019 evaluations of these candidates and their ideological beliefs as a neutral test of proximity and directional theory. Our results provide reasonably strong support for proximity theory but little for directional theory." }, { "paper": "1989223691", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "science 101 building the foundations for real understanding", "label": [ "39549134", "77379859", "2778321746", "53001019" ], "author": [ "568127732", "2396256876", "2142086613", "1979069202" ], "reference": [ "2058518083" ], "abstract": "it s not just about evolution anymore growing anti science sentiment in the united states now infuses public discourse on conservation vaccination distribution of research funds and climate change 1 low rates of scientific literacy 2 exacerbate the problem although the public recognizes its indebtedness to the products of scientific knowledge few understand much about the nature of that knowledge or the processes that generated it 3 without a basic understanding of how science works the public is vulnerable to antiscience propaganda which engenders distrust of science when it comes to social issues consumer choices and policy decisions", "title_raw": "Science 101: Building the Foundations for Real Understanding", "abstract_raw": "It's not just about evolution anymore. Growing anti-science sentiment in the United States now infuses public discourse on conservation, vaccination, distribution of research funds, and climate change ( 1 ). Low rates of scientific literacy ( 2 ) exacerbate the problem. Although the public recognizes its indebtedness to the products of scientific knowledge, few understand much about the nature of that knowledge or the processes that generated it ( 3 ). Without a basic understanding of how science works, the public is vulnerable to antiscience propaganda, which engenders distrust of science when it comes to social issues, consumer choices, and policy decisions." }, { "paper": "1972722530", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2010", "title": "time for a bold new vision at the stop tb partnership", "label": [ "71750763", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2062302812", "2678699330", "2574426953", "2162927844" ], "reference": [ "8083748", "630595293", "1521188290", "2124019099", "2159777892", "2405973106" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Time for a bold new vision at the Stop TB Partnership.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2142396356", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2010", "title": "incarceration interrogation and counterterror do liberal democratic institutions constrain leviathan", "label": [ "544040105", "2776240099", "94625758", "2777522198", "2776398702", "199539241", "2776051254", "2776153805", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2152960563" ], "reference": [ "161694844", "659330557", "1578988754", "1597529951", "1845052389", "1969320781", "1990309631", "1993132818", "2000167492", "2015705774", "2031630879", "2060948512", "2077753566", "2126227035", "2127896542", "2134875615", "2149047800", "2160782897", "2271551344", "2295234809", "2484782979", "2504323844", "2800069993", "3122298797", "3122842439", "3123023216", "3132464472" ], "abstract": "states represent a solution to an important set of eco nomic political and social problems whether one turns to philosophers such as hobbes or locke or more recent work by rational institutionalists such as douglass north it is something of a received wisdom that powerful states play a central and vital role in fostering economic political and social cooperation the other edge of that sword of course is that powerful states that claim a monopoly on the legitimate exercise of coercion are ideally situated to predate using methods that include incarceration without trial and torture the very power that makes states effective at engaging in cooperation can weaken other organi zations that might deter the state from predation while dem ocratic theory is not necessarily focused on the question of how we might constrain a powerful state s predation democ racy is and more specifically liberal democratic institutions are widely held to be one of the most important tools at our disposal to deter predation e g staton and reenock 2010 democracy of course refers to rule by the people and in this article i focus on universal suffrage as the means by which those who wield state power produce rule by the people i refer to liberal democratic institutions by contrast as those institutions that perform a distinct and one can argue antidemocratic function their purpose is to distribute power among multiple state actors in an effort to address the second edge of the sword described above and limit the tyranny of majorities this article shows how this distinction usefully assists our assessment of the bush administration s incarcer", "title_raw": "Incarceration, Interrogation, and Counterterror: Do (Liberal) Democratic Institutions Constrain Leviathan?", "abstract_raw": "States represent a solution to an important set of eco nomic, political, and social problems. Whether one turns to philosophers such as Hobbes or Locke or more recent work by rational institutionalists such as Douglass North, it is something of a received wisdom that powerful states play a central and vital role in fostering economic, political, and social cooperation. The other edge of that sword, of course, is that powerful states that claim a monopoly on the legitimate exercise of coercion are ideally situated to predate, using methods that include incarceration without trial and torture. The very power that makes states effective at engaging in cooperation can weaken other organi zations that might deter the state from predation. While dem ocratic theory is not necessarily focused on the question of how we might constrain a powerful state's predation, democ racy is?and, more specifically, liberal democratic institutions are?widely held to be one of the most important tools at our disposal to deter predation (e.g., Staton and Reenock 2010). Democracy, of course, refers to rule by the people, and in this article, I focus on universal suffrage as the means by which those who wield state power produce rule by the people. I refer to liberal democratic institutions, by contrast, as those institutions that perform a distinct?and, one can argue, antidemocratic?function: their purpose is to distribute power among multiple state actors in an effort to address the second edge of the sword described above and limit the tyranny of majorities. This article shows how this distinction usefully assists our assessment of the Bush administration's incarcer" }, { "paper": "1966840906", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2010", "title": "teaching about america s fiscal future in the university s core curriculum", "label": [ "39549134", "2779011557", "109986646", "2775873680", "185020186", "3116431", "2780333494", "2776431611", "45619296" ], "author": [ "2184333583", "2101384774" ], "reference": [ "235368113", "347414893", "1968549747", "1970982947", "2012457262", "2022810424", "2034452452", "2076786150", "2097009024", "2099117630", "2115213180", "2125526832", "2137489401", "2150165513", "2164326195", "2248176731", "3122942339" ], "abstract": "civic engagement is increasingly recognized as a significant function of public universities the university provides a variety of opportunities for civic engagement including co curricular activities service learning opportunities and specific majors and minors this article reviews the attempt to embed civic engagement and civic education about the national debt and budget deficit issues in a university core curriculum course at stephen f austin state university we focus on specific issues of curriculum instruction and assessment of student learning of knowledge regarding the debt and deficit issues", "title_raw": "Teaching about America's Fiscal Future in the University's Core Curriculum.", "abstract_raw": "Civic engagement is increasingly recognized as a significant function of public universities. The university provides a variety of opportunities for civic engagement, including co-curricular activities, service learning opportunities, and specific majors and minors. This article reviews the attempt to embed civic engagement and civic education about the national debt and budget deficit issues in a university core curriculum course at Stephen F. Austin State University. We focus on specific issues of curriculum instruction and assessment of student learning of knowledge regarding the debt and deficit issues." }, { "paper": "2027826938", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2010", "title": "measuring party nationalisation a new gini based indicator that corrects for the number of units", "label": [ "2779838221", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1156283914" ], "reference": [ "567978362", "1495019414", "1509161467", "1566662722", "1572299444", "1580719001", "1925504877", "1964224704", "1975503357", "1992394678", "2000848792", "2001947080", "2019918266", "2025486127", "2033814366", "2034082678", "2045509200", "2073348857", "2083111011", "2093464117", "2100634324", "2100979861", "2110838063", "2115985604", "2119471347", "2128235073", "2133600976", "2145081646", "2147219928", "2152120857", "2317739826", "2562068950", "3093195423", "3125000463", "3127488876" ], "abstract": "the study of the territorial distribution of votes in elections has become an important field of the political party research in recent years quantitative studies on the homogeneity of votes and turnout employ different indicators of territorial variance but despite important progresses in measurement many of them are sensitive to size and number of political parties or electoral districts this article proposes a new standardised party nationalisation score which is based on the gini coefficient of inequalities in distribution different from previous indicators the standardised party nationalisation score weights for the sizes of territorial units such as electoral districts within a country and considers the different numbers of territorial units in different countries", "title_raw": "Measuring party nationalisation: a new Gini-based indicator that corrects for the number of units", "abstract_raw": "The study of the territorial distribution of votes in elections has become an important field of the political party research in recent years. Quantitative studies on the homogeneity of votes and turnout employ different indicators of territorial variance, but despite important progresses in measurement, many of them are sensitive to size and number of political parties or electoral districts. This article proposes a new \u2018standardised party nationalisation score\u2019, which is based on the Gini coefficient of inequalities in distribution. Different from previous indicators, the standardised party nationalisation score weights for the sizes of territorial units (such as electoral districts) within a country, and considers the different numbers of territorial units in different countries." }, { "paper": "2069965034", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2010", "title": "regulating medical tourism", "label": [ "39549134", "2781321835", "2777834853", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2304159891", "2117649814" ], "reference": [ "2060087381", "2100882635", "2139026262" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Regulating medical tourism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2065968121", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2010", "title": "primary politics how presidential candidates have shaped the modern nominating systemby elaine c kamarck", "label": [ "94625758", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2580708550" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Primary Politics: How Presidential Candidates Have Shaped the Modern Nominating Systemby Elaine C. Kamarck", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2019088139", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2010", "title": "blueprint for disaster the unraveling of chicago public housingby d bradford hunt", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "370206977" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Blueprint for Disaster: The Unraveling of Chicago Public Housingby D. Bradford Hunt", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2122884129", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2010", "title": "there was a crooked man uscript a not so serious look at the serious subject of plagiarism", "label": [ "94625758", "34974158" ], "author": [ "2155359532" ], "reference": [ "289587694", "602492860", "1975867488", "1990674662", "2023497593", "2034953475", "2039597057", "2055504506", "2332870034", "2800017125" ], "abstract": "the problem of plagiarism by political scientists has not received much attention the incidence of plagiarism however may be greater than one would think in this article i offer a humorous look at what happened when a manuscript of mine was plagiarized based on my experience i offer some suggestions on how scholars might detect and prevent plagiarism", "title_raw": "There Was a Crooked Man(uscript): A Not-so-Serious Look at the Serious Subject of Plagiarism.", "abstract_raw": "The problem of plagiarism by political scientists has not received much attention. The incidence of plagiarism, however, may be greater than one would think. In this article, I offer a humorous look at what happened when a manuscript of mine was plagiarized. Based on my experience, I offer some suggestions on how scholars might detect and prevent plagiarism." }, { "paper": "2293343771", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2010", "title": "introduction after liberalism", "label": [ "547727832" ], "author": [ "2262017155", "2771160396", "2119385254" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Introduction: After Liberalism?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2347664787", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2010", "title": "constructing nationality should be an important part of education reform", "label": [ "2777138209", "554936623", "53844881", "191935318", "552535540" ], "author": [ "2351451512" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "bringing about a great rejuvenation of the chinese nation demands perfect chinese national education after politicalization of education and modernization of chinese education china has started to probe chinese national education probing of chinese national education began with chinese classic reading movement which has happened in chinese societies since 1990s probing of chinese national education can contribute to construction of chinese new culture innovation of educaion is the soul of probing of chinese national education", "title_raw": "Constructing Nationality should be an Important Part of Education Reform", "abstract_raw": "Bringing about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation demands perfect Chinese national education.After politicalization of education and modernization of Chinese education,China has started to probe Chinese national education.Probing of Chinese national education began with Chinese classic reading movement,which has happened in Chinese societies since 1990s.Probing of Chinese national education can contribute to construction of Chinese new culture.Innovation of educaion is the soul of probing of Chinese national education." }, { "paper": "1971724312", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "new republicans could revise party line on research funding", "label": [ "2780849931", "148834064", "2776376731", "94625758", "3116431", "197768897", "2778418104" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "news analysisthe new republican leadership of the house of representatives due in part to the success of tea party activists is quite different from its predecessors and that difference could put a damper on hopes that the next congress will deliver on a long promised expansion of federal spending on research and education outlined in a 2005 national academies report that has been embraced by both parties because the new leadership has declared its intent to re embrace the core republican principle of limited government", "title_raw": "New Republicans Could Revise Party Line on Research Funding", "abstract_raw": "News AnalysisThe new Republican leadership of the House of Representatives, due in part to the success of Tea Party activists, is quite different from its predecessors. And that difference could put a damper on hopes that the next Congress will deliver on a long-promised expansion of federal spending on research and education outlined in a 2005 National Academies' report that has been embraced by both parties, because the new leadership has declared its intent to re-embrace the core Republican principle of limited government." }, { "paper": "1996362269", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2010", "title": "talking about poverty news framing of who is responsible for causing and fixing the problem", "label": [ "529147693", "189326681", "53001019", "67037518", "201280247" ], "author": [ "2264823027", "2154498621", "2192030945" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this study explores how the american news media frame the poverty issue looking at the way the media present its causes and solutions it also examines the notion of frame building exploring the factors that may influence the media s selective uses of certain frames media attributions of responsibility are largely societal focusing on the causes and solutions at the social rather than personal level liberal newspapers made more references than conservative papers to social causes and solutions television news is slightly less likely than newspapers to make social level attributions", "title_raw": "Talking about Poverty: News Framing of Who Is Responsible for Causing and Fixing the Problem", "abstract_raw": "This study explores how the American news media frame the poverty issue, looking at the way the media present its causes and solutions. It also examines the notion of frame building, exploring the factors that may influence the media's selective uses of certain frames. Media attributions of responsibility are largely societal, focusing on the causes and solutions at the social rather than personal level. Liberal newspapers made more references than conservative papers to social causes and solutions. Television news is slightly less likely than newspapers to make social-level attributions." }, { "paper": "2042204294", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2010", "title": "the lancet global forum essay competition winners 2010", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2810836048", "2023767193" ], "reference": [ "2140478968" ], "abstract": "earlier this year as has been the case for the past 4 years the lancet and the global forum for health research announced their joint essay competition this time the competition was run in collaboration with the fi rst global symposium on health systems research and the theme was health systems research towards universal health coverage the winning entries have now been decided and are published today on the lancet s website the competition attracted 129 entries from researchers aged 30 or younger and saw submissions from 44 countries seven entrants two men and fi ve women were chosen as overall winners and they are bonventure ameyo masakhwe from kenya margarita bernales from chile leanne idzerda from canada south africa laurence lannes from france qian long from china amrit kaur virk from india and edwin wouters from belgium these young researchers have been invited to montreux switzerland to take part in the global symposium on health systems research nov 16 19 and to present their winning ideas these seven essays and those of the other fi nalists will be published as an anthology and launched at the symposium", "title_raw": "The Lancet/Global Forum essay competition winners 2010", "abstract_raw": "Earlier this year, as has been the case for the past 4 years, The Lancet and the Global Forum for Health Research announced their joint essay competition. This time, the competition was run in collaboration with the fi rst Global Symposium on Health Systems Research, and the theme was \u201cHealth-systems research: towards universal health coverage\u201d. The winning entries have now been decided and are published today on The Lancet\u2019s website. The competition attracted 129 entries, from researchers aged 30 or younger, and saw submissions from 44 countries. Seven entrants (two men and fi ve women) were chosen as overall winners, and they are: Bonventure Ameyo Masakhwe from Kenya, Margarita Bernales from Chile, Leanne Idzerda from Canada/South Africa, Laurence Lannes from France, Qian Long from China, Amrit Kaur Virk from India, and Edwin Wouters from Belgium. These young researchers have been invited to Montreux, Switzerland, to take part in the Global Symposium on Health Systems Research (Nov 16\u201319) and to present their winning ideas. These seven essays, and those of the other fi nalists, will be published as an anthology and launched at the Symposium." }, { "paper": "2088633530", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2010", "title": "professing political theory", "label": [ "81307892", "58805660", "31168002", "94625758", "199539241", "96756911", "109492260", "177324205", "90508534" ], "author": [ "1442016137" ], "reference": [ "1566548198", "2086568211" ], "abstract": "political theorists cannot reasonably maintain an institutional attachment to the discipline of political science and claim a place in the curriculum of the field while professing intellectual autonomy political theory is the progeny of american political science as well as a subfield of the discipline and it is important to dispel mythologies of political theory as a separate world historical endeavor political theorists like all social scientists must realistically come to grips with their cognitive and practical relationship to their subject matter and resist the forms of dislocated rhetoric that sustain their often anomalous condition", "title_raw": "Professing Political Theory", "abstract_raw": "Political theorists cannot reasonably maintain an institutional attachment to the discipline of political science and claim a place in the curriculum of the field while professing intellectual autonomy. Political theory is the progeny of American political science, as well as a subfield of the discipline, and it is important to dispel mythologies of political theory as a separate world-historical endeavor. Political theorists, like all social scientists, must realistically come to grips with their cognitive and practical relationship to their subject matter and resist the forms of dislocated rhetoric that sustain their often anomalous condition." }, { "paper": "2052181000", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2010", "title": "china s search for assured retaliation the evolution of chinese nuclear strategy and force structure", "label": [ "2780188227", "75254596", "191935318", "60643870", "194110935", "53844881", "2776211767", "545171759" ], "author": [ "387161447", "2142592025" ], "reference": [ "32668671", "69220760", "202283684", "246962329", "563391828", "629224295", "632030212", "655676268", "658124191", "1489596105", "1515043704", "1525210843", "1526655275", "1535778627", "1597031653", "1971828418", "1973903633", "2008517265", "2013052212", "2016178818", "2019241809", "2037571295", "2044483034", "2046290713", "2061870207", "2068690610", "2073246998", "2089486804", "2098723501", "2112834144", "2119598899", "2153469383", "2160045979", "2162722402", "2166735555", "2171857068", "2251020076", "2337519655", "2515649764", "2607110275", "2918022865", "3105846688" ], "abstract": "after exploding its first nuclear device in 1964 china did not develop sufficient forces or doctrine to overcome its vulnerability to a first strike by the united states or the soviet union for more than three decades two factors explain this puzzling willingness to live with nuclear vulnerability 1 the views and beliefs of senior leaders about the utility of nuclear weapons and the requirements of deterrence and 2 internal organizational and political constraints on doctrinal innovation even as china s technical expertise grew and financial resources for modernization became available after the early 1980s leadership beliefs have continued to shape china s approach to nuclear strategy reflecting the idea of assured retaliation i e using the fewest number of weapons to threaten an opponent with a credible second strike the enduring effect of these leadership ideas has important implications for the trajectory of china s current efforts to modernize its nuclear force", "title_raw": "China's Search for Assured Retaliation: The Evolution of Chinese Nuclear Strategy and Force Structure", "abstract_raw": "After exploding its first nuclear device in 1964, China did not develop sufficient forces or doctrine to overcome its vulnerability to a first strike by the United States or the Soviet Union for more than three decades. Two factors explain this puzzling willingness to live with nuclear vulnerability: (1) the views and beliefs of senior leaders about the utility of nuclear weapons and the requirements of deterrence, and (2) internal organizational and political constraints on doctrinal innovation. Even as China\u2019s technical expertise grew and financial resources for modernization became available after the early 1980s, leadership beliefs have continued to shape China\u2019s approach to nuclear strategy, reflecting the idea of assured retaliation (i.e., using the fewest number of weapons to threaten an opponent with a credible second strike). The enduring effect of these leadership ideas has important implications for the trajectory of China\u2019s current efforts to modernize its nuclear force." }, { "paper": "2025896071", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "brawling over mammography", "label": [ "2776424047", "2777351106", "199539241", "2776742560", "2779473830", "2775994111", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2133102182" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "public healththe timing of a scientific report last fall that questioned the value of screening women routinely for breast cancer before age 50 was bad coming just as democrats were trying to push health reform through congress to opponents of the legislation the report smacked of medical rationing by bureaucrats the kind they claimed to see in the bills it became a huge distraction and in the end the obama administration quietly distanced itself from the findings the flap continued loud and angry for days experts and nonexperts lobbed critiques and rebuttals at times questioning one another s motives researchers who had worked on the guidelines were disappointed that their analysis was being dismissed out of hand", "title_raw": "Brawling Over Mammography", "abstract_raw": "Public HealthThe timing of a scientific report last fall that questioned the value of screening women routinely for breast cancer before age 50 was bad, coming just as Democrats were trying to push health reform through Congress. To opponents of the legislation, the report smacked of \"medical rationing\" by bureaucrats, the kind they claimed to see in the bills. It became a huge distraction, and in the end the Obama Administration quietly distanced itself from the findings. The flap continued, loud and angry, for days. Experts and nonexperts lobbed critiques and rebuttals, at times questioning one another's motives. Researchers who had worked on the guidelines were disappointed that their analysis was being dismissed out of hand." }, { "paper": "2329240766", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2010", "title": "afro regions the dynamics of cross border micro regionalism in africa edited by fredrik soderbaum and ian taylor stockholm nordic african institute 2008 pp 203 us 39 95 pbk", "label": [ "549326192" ], "author": [ "2642676244" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Afro-Regions: the dynamics of cross-border micro-regionalism in Africa edited by Fredrik Soderbaum and Ian Taylor Stockholm: Nordic African Institute, 2008. Pp. 203, US$39.95 (pbk).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2116557090", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2010", "title": "rise of the red engineers the cultural revolution and the origins of china s new classby joel andreas", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2517006127" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rise of the Red Engineers: The Cultural Revolution and the Origins of China's New Classby Joel Andreas", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2555922401", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2010", "title": "beijing s coastal real estate", "label": [ "82279013", "552677042", "2778304055", "76775654", "107029721", "191935318", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2641667372" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Beijing\u2019s Coastal Real Estate", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "80765817", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2010", "title": "sixty eight u s senators encourage favorable u s review of landmines convention", "label": [ "199539241", "2780608745" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sixty-eight U.S. Senators Encourage Favorable U.S. Review of Landmines Convention", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2132682546", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2010", "title": "collaborative governance and civic empowerment a discussion of investing in democracy engaging citizens in collaborative governance", "label": [ "3116431", "555826173", "20555606" ], "author": [ "302804103" ], "reference": [ "157943260", "605886222", "1517157598", "1594988144", "1972195059", "1974025712", "2049595157", "2063854367", "2082107925", "2313326390", "2323234829" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Collaborative Governance and Civic Empowerment: A Discussion of Investing in Democracy: Engaging Citizens in Collaborative Governance", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2092585444", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2010", "title": "china s afghan dilemma", "label": [ "191935318", "2780587734" ], "author": [ "2516484236" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the announcement that american forces in afghanistan would start to draw down by july 2011 highlighted for china the need for a conversation about what exactly its interests in its neighbour are", "title_raw": "China's Afghan Dilemma", "abstract_raw": "The announcement that American forces in Afghanistan would start to draw down by July 2011 highlighted, for China, the need for a conversation about what exactly its interests in its neighbour are,..." }, { "paper": "2050529861", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "court to weigh university s decision not to hire astronomer", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "1368937373" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "science educationis it possible to separate religious and scientific beliefs when it comes to evolution a federal court will take up that question early next year in the case of martin gaskell an astrophysicist who claims that the university of kentucky denied him a job because he is an evangelical christian pro evolution advocates say the university was well within its rights but the case could be more complicated attorneys say", "title_raw": "Court to Weigh University's Decision Not to Hire Astronomer", "abstract_raw": "Science EducationIs it possible to separate religious and scientific beliefs when it comes to evolution? A federal court will take up that question early next year in the case of Martin Gaskell, an astrophysicist who claims that the University of Kentucky denied him a job because he is an evangelical Christian. Pro-evolution advocates say the university was well within its rights. But the case could be more complicated, attorneys say." }, { "paper": "2069005718", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2010", "title": "the university and student political engagement", "label": [ "2778173179", "2779419357", "2776431611" ], "author": [ "2117754605", "2268958697" ], "reference": [ "16162984", "2031340404", "2035534527", "2111033378", "2729019025" ], "abstract": "prior research has identified a substantial positive relationship between college attendance and civic engagement this article examines student experiences with university academics and ancillary programs to determine which of these if any motivate increased student engagement various student characteristics were evaluated to determine their impact on student engagement data was obtained from the national survey of student engagement nsse and the current population survey cps results indicated that engagement is related positively to some student college experiences unrelated to some experiences and even negatively related to other experiences few individual characteristics relate to engagement act scores and gender both impact engagement and surprisingly engagement was higher among men than women", "title_raw": "The University and Student Political Engagement.", "abstract_raw": "Prior research has identified a substantial positive relationship between college attendance and civic engagement. This article examines student experiences with university academics and ancillary programs to determine which of these, if any, motivate increased student engagement. Various student characteristics were evaluated to determine their impact on student engagement. Data was obtained from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) and the Current Population Survey (CPS). Results indicated that engagement is related positively to some student college experiences, unrelated to some experiences, and even negatively related to other experiences. Few individual characteristics relate to engagement, ACT scores and gender both impact engagement, and, surprisingly, engagement was higher among men than women." }, { "paper": "2034098891", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "mit opencourseware unlocking knowledge empowering minds", "label": [ "39549134", "2778139618", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2706872221", "2659026355", "2608600304", "2493823184" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "as the global economy increasingly demands an educated workforce school systems in the united states and abroad find themselves overwhelmed by student demand particularly in the developing world there are not enough seats in classrooms with qualified teachers to make high quality education opportunities available to every student in places ranging from china to india to turkey only a small percentage of qualified students are accepted into university programs especially those in science and technology fields existing institutions are under enormous pressure and the needs of talented and motivated learners are not being met making headway against these formidable challenges will require rethinking traditional educational approaches and will call for the use of innovative technologies to scale up global capacity for providing high quality education", "title_raw": "MIT OpenCourseWare: Unlocking Knowledge, Empowering Minds", "abstract_raw": "As the global economy increasingly demands an educated workforce, school systems in the United States and abroad find themselves overwhelmed by student demand. Particularly in the developing world, there are not enough seats in classrooms with qualified teachers to make high-quality education opportunities available to every student. In places ranging from China to India to Turkey, only a small percentage of qualified students are accepted into university programs, especially those in science and technology fields. Existing institutions are under enormous pressure, and the needs of talented and motivated learners are not being met. Making headway against these formidable challenges will require rethinking traditional educational approaches and will call for the use of innovative technologies to scale up global capacity for providing high-quality education." }, { "paper": "1989183059", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2010", "title": "stumbling block or stepping stone the influence of direct democracy on individual participation in parliamentary elections", "label": [ "2777094542", "59742305", "94625758", "171368058", "2778899080", "555826173", "501008422" ], "author": [ "2143702285", "299492292" ], "reference": [ "47409413", "271307656", "422945158", "576752319", "578407858", "659033420", "1515568215", "1539052159", "1550821671", "1561018600", "1565166959", "1571766417", "1573681998", "1604115074", "1664718264", "1730782591", "1854148082", "1941071974", "1968327343", "1968345278", "1968533978", "1971398141", "1972999457", "1982203705", "1996034819", "1998972803", "2003215392", "2005080782", "2005132883", "2017739751", "2018236210", "2023362085", "2031340404", "2033610231", "2035623637", "2040925003", "2046846469", "2050596968", "2050789540", "2051815938", "2052513355", "2057970462", "2063207532", "2072395157", "2076589453", "2081833995", "2094419105", "2094424710", "2096106579", "2108355281", "2112987370", "2121568281", "2124419777", "2131918307", "2132917208", "2136213723", "2136395982", "2140494994", "2142097980", "2148782280", "2153267488", "2153281140", "2158464370", "2165261603", "2168661258", "2169873163", "2171840397", "2327648272", "2476360593", "2525626909", "2751753487", "2887708683", "3012682594", "3042721652", "3122187010", "3123457942" ], "abstract": "this paper evaluates whether direct democracy supplements or undermines traditional representative democracy while a first approach assumes that a culture of active direct democracy stimulates citizens political interest and ultimately bolsters participation in parliamentary elections a competing hypothesis proposes a negative relationship between the frequency of ballot measures and electoral participation due to voter fatigue and decreased significance of elections our multilevel analysis of the 26 swiss cantons challenges recent studies conducted for the u s states in the swiss context where direct democracy is more important in the political process than the less salient parliamentary elections greater use of direct democratic procedures is associated with a lower individual probability to participate in elections furthermore by distinguishing between short and long term effects of direct democracy we show that the relationship observed is of a long term nature and can therefore be seen as a result of adaptive learning processes rather than of instantaneous voter fatigue", "title_raw": "Stumbling Block or Stepping Stone? The Influence of Direct Democracy on Individual Participation in Parliamentary Elections", "abstract_raw": "This paper evaluates whether direct democracy supplements or undermines traditional representative democracy. While a first approach assumes that a culture of active direct democracy stimulates citizens\u2019 political interest and ultimately bolsters participation in parliamentary elections, a competing hypothesis proposes a negative relationship between the frequency of ballot measures and electoral participation due to voter fatigue and decreased significance of elections. Our multilevel analysis of the 26 Swiss cantons challenges recent studies conducted for the U.S. states: In the Swiss context, where direct democracy is more important in the political process than the less salient parliamentary elections, greater use of direct democratic procedures is associated with a lower individual probability to participate in elections. Furthermore, by distinguishing between short and long-term effects of direct democracy, we show that the relationship observed is of a long-term nature and can therefore be seen as a result of adaptive learning processes rather than of instantaneous voter fatigue." }, { "paper": "164883916", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2010", "title": "tatar c roumanie european court of human rights decision on protections against environmental harms and on proof of causation and damages", "label": [ "199539241", "166151441", "169437150", "2777381055" ], "author": [ "2138356334" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Tatar c. Roumanie. European Court of Human Rights decision on protections against environmental harms and on proof of causation and damages", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2088179773", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2010", "title": "playing the field federalism and the politics of venue shopping in the united states and canada", "label": [ "148834064", "134215751", "94625758", "533735693", "3116431" ], "author": [ "1974407964" ], "reference": [ "183747230", "217340374", "387621367", "570787155", "575758683", "600091903", "642479325", "651841155", "1486634978", "1554727685", "1557914526", "1561232120", "1963912826", "1965743867", "1968884634", "1976875203", "1981636579", "1993555291", "1995402238", "2007102278", "2007471061", "2042592422", "2062962096", "2064073930", "2068888785", "2072392599", "2075581699", "2076113754", "2088772582", "2088866876", "2090832929", "2092232058", "2095303657", "2099356737", "2099856280", "2101993948", "2105323152", "2107807372", "2123911896", "2124072747", "2129600824", "2131215460", "2156222719", "2165370323", "2167985639", "2169834620", "2294525505", "2317549248", "2322228735", "2325610728", "2326312291", "2328380910", "2329423875", "2900592666" ], "abstract": "research on interest group strategies in federal systems is converging with the venue shopping and multilevel lobbying literature in the european union drawing on both literatures the article compares the lobbying strategies of u s and canadian interest groups during the economic crisis of 2008 2009 the impact of political institutional and political partisan factors on venue choice is analyzed in a comparative crucial case study of michigan and ontario statistical analysis of original survey data from ninety eight business trade and professional associations indicates that neither interest group financial resources nor the severity of the crisis predict lobbying frequencies or targets two factors strongly influence where interest groups lobby the relative importance of the government levels and the partisan control of government", "title_raw": "Playing the Field: Federalism and the Politics of Venue Shopping in the United States and Canada", "abstract_raw": "Research on interest group strategies in federal systems is converging with the venue shopping and multilevel lobbying literature in the European Union. Drawing on both literatures, the article compares the lobbying strategies of U.S. and Canadian interest groups during the economic crisis of 2008\u20132009. The impact of political institutional and political partisan factors on venue choice is analyzed in a comparative crucial case study of Michigan and Ontario. Statistical analysis of original survey data from ninety-eight business, trade, and professional associations indicates that neither interest group financial resources nor the severity of the crisis predict lobbying frequencies or targets. Two factors strongly influence where interest groups lobby: the relative importance of the government levels and the partisan control of government." }, { "paper": "2147770436", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2010", "title": "recent scientific health developments in china", "label": [ "191935318", "148834064", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2643648434", "2106691848", "2608898792", "2501839669" ], "reference": [ "1971939824", "1979701553", "1991457219", "2116659090", "2123407739", "2146677263", "2156150404" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Recent scientific health developments in China", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1992015607", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2010", "title": "house blocks bill to boost research spending", "label": [ "555826173", "2776742560", "2780849931", "3116431", "2781301322", "2777351106", "2780966255" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "u s science policytoo much sex not enough money that potent combination led the u s house of representatives last week to reject legislation aimed at boosting research and education spending at three federal agencies the 292 to 126 vote against the america competes act was fueled by concerns about the trillion dollar federal deficit a sentiment that could threaten the administration s plans to double the research budgets of the three agencies over 10 years but the lopsided defeat was also the result of a stealth attack by republicans against a democratic priority using as a tool the national science foundation s handling of employees who trafficked in electronic pornography at work", "title_raw": "House Blocks Bill to Boost Research Spending", "abstract_raw": "U.S. Science PolicyToo much sex. Not enough money. That potent combination led the U.S. House of Representatives last week to reject legislation aimed at boosting research and education spending at three federal agencies. The 292-to-126 vote against the America COMPETES Act was fueled by concerns about the trillion-dollar federal deficit, a sentiment that could threaten the Administration's plans to double the research budgets of the three agencies over 10 years. But the lopsided defeat was also the result of a stealth attack by Republicans against a Democratic priority, using as a tool the National Science Foundation's handling of employees who trafficked in electronic pornography at work." }, { "paper": "2130339099", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2010", "title": "keep it complex", "label": [ "2779473830", "39549134", "109986646", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2083037419" ], "reference": [ "1513833991", "1895366050", "1984379753", "2003759077", "2084665615", "2120561827" ], "abstract": "when knowledge is uncertain experts should avoid pressures to simplify their advice render decision makers accountable for decisions says andy stirling", "title_raw": "Keep it complex", "abstract_raw": "When knowledge is uncertain, experts should avoid pressures to simplify their advice. Render decision-makers accountable for decisions, says Andy Stirling." }, { "paper": "2132597061", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2010", "title": "political attitudes in the muslim world", "label": [ "94625758", "2780844005", "555826173", "184048983" ], "author": [ "226482162", "146215424" ], "reference": [ "382267908", "395504762", "588042148", "589480428", "629051542", "643810569", "1502698198", "1531866392", "1604501703", "1606908014", "1963956825", "1964526222", "1967223484", "1970976230", "1974377025", "1981175468", "1981778320", "2005847729", "2017200266", "2020408088", "2028068680", "2033779850", "2043017963", "2046683799", "2053397807", "2071280768", "2087933684", "2088057958", "2101469864", "2135679398", "2138638066", "2161479362", "2328463789", "2497171922", "2800764407", "3134790106" ], "abstract": "a new look at the world values survey data reveals how the muslim world s religious context affects individual muslims attitudes toward democracy", "title_raw": "Political Attitudes in the Muslim World", "abstract_raw": "A new look at the World Values Survey data reveals how the Muslim world\u2019s religious context affects individual Muslims\u2019 attitudes toward democracy." }, { "paper": "2029277449", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2010", "title": "yemen s multiple crises", "label": [ "2776398702", "555826173", "94625758", "46355384", "169437150" ], "author": [ "1987608111" ], "reference": [ "7929982", "56084305", "1603967614", "2096329431" ], "abstract": "the salih regime is in a precarious position it faces a southern secessionist movement a rebellion in the north a resurgent al qaeda and a festering socioeconomic crisis since 2007 the regime has aggressively curtailed human rights and political freedoms in the name of preserving stability and unity yet this has only aggravated challenges and could lead to state fragmentation an inclusive national dialogue offers a potential way out of the crisis international efforts to stabilize yemen should prioritize democratic reform and be arranged so as to help rather than hinder yemeni initiatives to achieve peaceful change through dialogue and compromise", "title_raw": "Yemen's Multiple Crises", "abstract_raw": "The Salih regime is in a precarious position. It faces a southern secessionist movement, a rebellion in the north, a resurgent al-Qaeda, and a festering socioeconomic crisis. Since 2007, the regime has aggressively curtailed human rights and political freedoms in the name of preserving stability and unity. Yet this has only aggravated challenges and could lead to state fragmentation. An inclusive national dialogue offers a potential way out of the crisis. International efforts to stabilize Yemen should prioritize democratic reform, and be arranged so as to help rather than hinder Yemeni initiatives to achieve peaceful change through dialogue and compromise." }, { "paper": "2071685723", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2010", "title": "french research also being stifled by autocracy", "label": [ "144661447" ], "author": [ "2293537411" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "French research also being stifled by autocracy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2054079855", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2010", "title": "federations the political dynamics of cooperationby chad rector", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2149243036" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Federations: The Political Dynamics of Cooperationby Chad Rector", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2081767692", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2010", "title": "legislation political context and interest group behavior", "label": [ "199539241", "2777351106", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2694434423" ], "reference": [ "1512244446", "1595743797", "1606420731", "1840218356", "1964242754", "1973207244", "1980184634", "1980412904", "1983881938", "1987936802", "1995274621", "1995960579", "1997118576", "1997975799", "1999065810", "2000248649", "2005145043", "2011508896", "2012816589", "2035060328", "2035675634", "2044564031", "2049416721", "2053418045", "2069847004", "2070778577", "2075047239", "2075581699", "2076113754", "2079032770", "2083042430", "2083465547", "2083519365", "2091902017", "2096234760", "2101664239", "2110275679", "2117952390", "2120946983", "2140644510", "2150459713", "2168467282", "2314497492", "2315170283", "2315575871", "2317340567", "2320458048", "2322090641", "2325610728", "2325902311", "2329423875", "2335549313", "2478434958", "2487357270", "2997636715" ], "abstract": "it is well documented that the number of interest groups lobbying a piece of legislation in congress varies greatly while most legislation generates little to no activity the number of groups interested in a bill can grow into the hundreds the challenge for scholars is to explain these behavioral differences using a population ecology approach to explain interest group populations it is argued that the number of groups lobbying a bill is influenced by the political context using data generated by the lobbying disclosure act this article demonstrates how the actions of members of congress can both stimulate and suppress lobbying activity", "title_raw": "Legislation, Political Context, and Interest Group Behavior", "abstract_raw": "It is well documented that the number of interest groups lobbying a piece of legislation in Congress varies greatly. While most legislation generates little to no activity, the number of groups interested in a bill can grow into the hundreds. The challenge for scholars is to explain these behavioral differences. Using a population ecology approach to explain interest-group populations, it is argued that the number of groups lobbying a bill is influenced by the political context. Using data generated by the Lobbying Disclosure Act, this article demonstrates how the actions of members of Congress can both stimulate and suppress lobbying activity." }, { "paper": "2302344037", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2010", "title": "review of henry richardson the origins of african american interests in international law", "label": [ "55447825" ], "author": [ "2970627280" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of: Henry Richardson, The Origins of African American Interests in International Law", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2146501420", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2010", "title": "contemporary canadian federalism foundations traditions institutions alain g gagnon ed toronto university of toronto press 2009 pp vii 482", "label": [ "533735693" ], "author": [ "2167353704" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Contemporary Canadian Federalism: Foundations, Traditions, Institutions , Alain-G. Gagnon, ed., Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009, pp. vii, 482.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "122609808", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2010", "title": "glamis gold ltd v united states nafta chapter 11 panel ruling on international minimum standards for investment protection and regulatory takings", "label": [ "199539241", "2780338674" ], "author": [ "1860862181" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Glamis Gold, Ltd. v. United States. NAFTA Chapter 11 panel ruling on international minimum standards for investment protection and regulatory takings", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2011485536", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2010", "title": "institutionalising the colonial imagination chinese middlemen and the transnational corporate office in jakarta indonesia", "label": [ "2779056439", "531593650" ], "author": [ "2128714049" ], "reference": [ "1586405747", "1974227368", "1977204648", "2004038836", "2004523695", "2011842142", "2040284657", "2041797865", "2072274185", "2091294666", "2123146601", "2156694187", "2274835827", "2314093310", "2340029752", "2491975034", "2915694500" ], "abstract": "drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among transnational corporate employees both expatriate and national working in jakarta indonesia i examine the processes through which imagined markers of identity and difference informed by indonesia s colonial past influenced corporate practices in particular i explore the persistence of colonial hierarchies within the corporate structure of a company fictitiously named timber i argue that timber is not unique in the locating of chinese indonesian employees in middlemen positions between western expatriate executives and indonesian national employees further i examine the historical trajectories that led to the currently acceptable hierarchical orderings seen in jakarta s transnational corporate offices", "title_raw": "Institutionalising the Colonial Imagination: Chinese Middlemen and the Transnational Corporate Office in Jakarta, Indonesia", "abstract_raw": "Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among transnational corporate employees\u2014both expatriate and national\u2014working in Jakarta, Indonesia, I examine the processes through which imagined markers of identity and difference, informed by Indonesia's colonial past, influenced corporate practices. In particular, I explore the persistence of colonial hierarchies within the corporate structure of a company (fictitiously) named TIMBER. I argue that TIMBER is not unique in the locating of Chinese-Indonesian employees in middlemen positions between Western expatriate executives and Indonesian national employees. Further, I examine the historical trajectories that led to the currently acceptable hierarchical orderings seen in Jakarta's transnational corporate offices." }, { "paper": "2156163793", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2010", "title": "rebels without borders transnational insurgencies in world politics by idean salehyan ithaca ny cornell university press 2009 216p 39 95", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "660228103" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rebels without Borders: Transnational Insurgencies in World Politics . By Idean Salehyan. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009. 216p. $39.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2320110743", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2010", "title": "social movements in china and hong kong the expansion of protest space", "label": [ "191935318", "123108692" ], "author": [ "2988635438" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Social Movements in China and Hong Kong: The Expansion of Protest Space", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2026537702", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2010", "title": "states against migrants deportation in germany and the united states by antje ellermann cambridge university press 2009", "label": [ "60961049" ], "author": [ "2634845012" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "States Against Migrants: Deportation in Germany and the United States . By Antje Ellermann. (Cambridge University Press, 2009.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2080630667", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2010", "title": "tactical coalition voting and information in the laboratory", "label": [ "39549134", "520049643", "2775995803", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2550089896", "2095852061" ], "reference": [ "109341979", "2003350916", "2043715088", "2045509200", "2055484241", "2090939951", "2129678216", "2148286126", "2158812829", "2160622696", "2168126048", "3156121090" ], "abstract": "tactical coalition voting tcv is a balancing strategy where voters choose to vote for their second preferred party in order to influence the policy direction of the government coalition formed in this paper we experimentally evaluate the extent voters in a pr system engage in tcv we find significant evidence that voters in the laboratory even those not experienced with pr systems choose strategically to affect post election coalitions using a balancing strategy although the percentage of voters who do so is much less than that predicted by the theory we also find that although voters who are less informed are less likely to use a balancing strategy strategic motivations are still a factor in their behavior", "title_raw": "Tactical coalition voting and information in the laboratory", "abstract_raw": "Tactical coalition voting (TCV) is a balancing strategy where voters choose to vote for their second preferred party in order to influence the policy direction of the government coalition formed. In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the extent voters in a PR system engage in TCV. We find significant evidence that voters in the laboratory, even those not experienced with PR systems, choose strategically to affect post election coalitions using a balancing strategy, although the percentage of voters who do so is much less than that predicted by the theory. We also find that although voters who are less informed are less likely to use a balancing strategy, strategic motivations are still a factor in their behavior." }, { "paper": "2127433658", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2010", "title": "letter to the editor of public administration review in response to a recent symposium on financial regulatory reform", "label": [ "2777351259", "2779915905", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2241238180", "2064131983" ], "reference": [ "17034803", "1520386898", "1548156315", "1554955953", "1581687645", "1997632952", "2009288653", "2017699874", "2022538355", "2050008940", "2143590178", "2149988075", "2765627725", "3121445352", "3121605569", "3122195971", "3123908607" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Letter to the Editor of Public Administration Review in Response to a Recent Symposium on Financial Regulatory Reform", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1991379021", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2010", "title": "toward a two party system or two party systems patterns of competition in japan s single member districts 1996 2005", "label": [ "96316394", "2775861526", "48487596", "199539241", "2776051254", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2981105010" ], "reference": [ "1539234035", "1925504877", "1963682650", "1974594804", "1978452245", "1980788077", "1994349986", "1995643388", "2001460058", "2004034606", "2009723954", "2016427907", "2019149972", "2028891135", "2047435103", "2049083418", "2051006085", "2051977685", "2057082518", "2057094641", "2086424796", "2095130586", "2124061471", "2125434861", "2126251209", "2131141435", "2140442123", "2141592511", "2158765383", "2167920059", "2171216433", "2312655819", "2316391986", "2796237318", "2796838224", "2969824818" ], "abstract": "this article examines whether electoral reform in japan replacing a single non transferable vote sntv system with a parallel mixed system has led to two party competition in single member districts smds in house of representative elections from 1996 to 2005 while nationwide figures suggest declining numbers of effective candidates and losers distinguishing smds by levels of urbanization reveals that this trend is largely limited to urban areas instead of converging toward a two party system as many proponents of electoral reforms had anticipated elections under the smd portion of the new system have witnessed the emergence and continuation of two distinct patterns of competition urban constituencies featuring contests between two major parties and rural constituencies dominated by the liberal democratic party ldp the persistence of the latter pattern diminishes the prospect of power alternation", "title_raw": "Toward a Two-Party System or Two Party Systems? Patterns of Competition in Japan\u2019s Single-Member Districts, 1996-2005", "abstract_raw": "This article examines whether electoral reform in Japan replacing a single non-transferable vote (SNTV) system with a parallel mixed system has led to two-party competition in single-member districts (SMDs) in House of Representative elections from 1996 to 2005. While nationwide figures suggest declining numbers of effective candidates and losers, distinguishing SMDs by levels of urbanization reveals that this trend is largely limited to urban areas. Instead of converging toward a two-party system as many proponents of electoral reforms had anticipated, elections under the SMD portion of the new system have witnessed the emergence and continuation of two distinct patterns of competition: urban constituencies featuring contests between two major parties, and rural constituencies dominated by the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). The persistence of the latter pattern diminishes the prospect of power alternation." }, { "paper": "1967865803", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2010", "title": "parliamentary oversight in putin s neo patrimonial state watchdogs or show dogs", "label": [ "2776398702", "2781243023", "2776845398", "199539241", "2776967331", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2107280986" ], "reference": [ "105664592", "608539585", "614768098", "823527281", "1555314105", "1964129360", "1967971524", "1968736055", "1985227582", "1991505819", "1991714493", "2001365267", "2002952518", "2019521204", "2020334220", "2028524182", "2032266422", "2037133059", "2038364265", "2043270005", "2043432573", "2043859576", "2045330829", "2048577807", "2057906062", "2063002890", "2064233972", "2067386331", "2080639714", "2094678909", "2095067888", "2103043019", "2107559193", "2161340706", "2161727958", "2328838147", "2333983184", "2505855752" ], "abstract": "abstract conceptualising russia as a neopatrimonial state directs attention to the patrimonial relations that pervaded formal institutions to reveal increasing tensions within the state during putin s presidency a case study of parliamentary oversight practices points to the emergence of legitimation as their key purpose but also to the growing contradictions between the controlling and legitimating impulses of putin s regime at the same time deputies responded to the changes in their status and influence by moving their resources towards the patrimonial sphere most notably utilising oversight institutions for direct and indirect private interests activities tolerated by the regime in exchange for political loyalty", "title_raw": "Parliamentary Oversight in Putin's Neo-patrimonial State. Watchdogs or Show-dogs?", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Conceptualising Russia as a neopatrimonial state directs attention to the patrimonial relations that pervaded formal institutions to reveal increasing tensions within the state during Putin's presidency. A case study of parliamentary oversight practices points to the emergence of legitimation as their key purpose, but also to the growing contradictions between the controlling and legitimating impulses of Putin's regime. At the same time deputies responded to the changes in their status and influence by moving their resources towards the patrimonial sphere, most notably utilising oversight institutions for direct and indirect private interests\u2014activities tolerated by the regime in exchange for political loyalty." }, { "paper": "2015582086", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2010", "title": "inventing the job of president leadership style from george washington to andrew jacksonby fred i greenstein", "label": [ "197386563" ], "author": [ "2574434545" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Inventing the Job of President: Leadership Style from George Washington to Andrew Jacksonby Fred I. Greenstein", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2794286540", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2010", "title": "ethnic mapping in tsarist russia ca 1800 1914", "label": [ "137403100" ], "author": [ "2344643276" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ethnic Mapping in Tsarist Russia, ca. 1800-1914", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1991782273", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2010", "title": "scarcity amidst abundance challenges for public health", "label": [ "185618831" ], "author": [ "2170310944" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in the introduction the editor discusses articles within the issue including one by eichelberger on water shortages in northwest alaska one by yach and colleagues on the role of corporations in decreasing food insecurities and one by monteiro and colleagues on how to reduce food scarcities", "title_raw": "Scarcity amidst abundance: challenges for public health.", "abstract_raw": "In the introduction the editor discusses articles within the issue including one by Eichelberger on water shortages in Northwest Alaska, one by Yach and colleagues on the role of corporations in decreasing food insecurities and one by Monteiro and colleagues on how to reduce food scarcities." }, { "paper": "2053895559", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2010", "title": "ending civil wars a case for rebel victory", "label": [ "2779220109", "509929229", "555826173", "199539241", "2776554220", "34355311", "81631423", "528167355", "2780208285" ], "author": [ "2054509979" ], "reference": [ "69022225", "560982143", "567331867", "587487145", "590479769", "616447433", "638454335", "648539950", "1503470718", "1520941532", "1532648951", "1533593992", "1535773380", "1570462231", "1577489325", "1966027696", "1967717463", "1972929189", "1975858349", "1980479577", "1984209710", "1987332910", "2004653933", "2006865436", "2013782896", "2017672642", "2020765324", "2026129441", "2027832732", "2030010605", "2036203657", "2036518322", "2053631704", "2059818569", "2088105938", "2098222729", "2098644581", "2109150364", "2120272366", "2126941069", "2127590108", "2128489231", "2133957272", "2142013610", "2146187282", "2150148355", "2151372969", "2151780178", "2159541367", "2165611314", "2166372769", "3121888622", "3122884087", "3123905923" ], "abstract": "since 1990 negotiated settlements have become the preferred means for settling civil wars historically however these types of settlements have proven largely ineffective civil wars ended by negotiated settlement are more likely to recur than those ending in victory by one side or the other a theoretical and statistical analysis of how civil wars end reveals that the type of ending influences the prospects for longer term outcomes an examination of all civil war endings since 1940 finds that rebel victories are more likely to secure the peace than are negotiated settlements a statistical analysis of civil wars from 1940 to 2002 and the case of uganda illustrate why rebel victories result in more stable outcomes expanding scholarly and policy analysis of civil war termination types beyond the current default of negotiated settlement to include victories provides a much larger set of cases and variables to draw upon to enhance understanding of the conditions most likely to support long term stability democracy and prosperity", "title_raw": "Ending Civil Wars: A Case for Rebel Victory?", "abstract_raw": "Since 1990, negotiated settlements have become the preferred means for settling civil wars. Historically, however, these types of settlements have proven largely ineffective: civil wars ended by negotiated settlement are more likely to recur than those ending in victory by one side or the other. A theoretical and statistical analysis of how civil wars end reveals that the type of ending influences the prospects for longer-term outcomes. An examination of all civil war endings since 1940 finds that rebel victories are more likely to secure the peace than are negotiated settlements. A statistical analysis of civil wars from 1940 to 2002 and the case of Uganda illustrate why rebel victories result in more stable outcomes. Expanding scholarly and policy analysis of civil war termination types beyond the current default of negotiated settlement to include victories provides a much larger set of cases and variables to draw upon to enhance understanding of the conditions most likely to support long-term stability, democracy, and prosperity." }, { "paper": "1990758701", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2010", "title": "airport security intent to deceive", "label": [ "2779267917" ], "author": [ "2070543544" ], "reference": [ "2080581159", "2094940641", "2136275365", "2156479290", "2163160195" ], "abstract": "can the science of deception detection help to catch terrorists sharon weinberger takes a close look at the evidence for it", "title_raw": "Airport security: Intent to deceive?", "abstract_raw": "Can the science of deception detection help to catch terrorists? Sharon Weinberger takes a close look at the evidence for it." }, { "paper": "2986469466", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2010", "title": "conflicting patterns of thought in the russian debate on transition 2003 2007", "label": [ "2778676447", "94625758", "2778757428", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2810651502" ], "reference": [ "1484155828", "1550381411", "1551397618", "2015021780", "2038364265", "2067651565", "2118116550", "2118940637", "2143288304", "2268929561", "2350046330", "2528315269", "2801805863", "3121321040", "3121498701", "3148812414" ], "abstract": "this article is a continuation of two essays by the same author on soviet russian economic debates between 1987 and 2002 published in europe asia studies in 2006 and 2007 so now the series of articles covers 20 years of soviet russian discussions on economic reforms should russia strive to become a western country marked by democracy and a market economy serving the individual interests of its citizens or was it more important to become a great power again are western patterns of political and economic life suitable for russia or is the attempt to import foreign institutional structures doomed for failure making it necessary for russia to find her own way this type of question going far beyond the realm of economics was and still is at the heart of the debate among russian economists which shall be discussed here on the basis of a qualitative content analysis of the most important economic journals and selected monographs", "title_raw": "Conflicting Patterns of Thought in the Russian Debate on Transition: 2003\u20132007", "abstract_raw": "This article is a continuation of two essays by the same author on Soviet/Russian economic debates between 1987 and 2002 published in Europe-Asia Studies in 2006 and 2007, so now the series of articles covers 20 years of Soviet/Russian discussions on economic reforms. Should Russia strive to become a 'Western' country marked by democracy and a market economy serving the individual interests of its citizens, or was it more important to become a great power again? Are Western patterns of political and economic life suitable for Russia or is the attempt to import foreign institutional structures doomed for failure, making it necessary for Russia to find her own way? This type of question, going far beyond the realm of economics, was and still is at the heart of the debate among Russian economists, which shall be discussed here, on the basis of a qualitative content analysis of the most important economic journals and selected monographs." }, { "paper": "1993207744", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2010", "title": "protection of internally displaced persons soft law as a norm generating mechanism", "label": [ "148834064", "125559964", "2776398702", "2779306362", "13934251", "2779558720", "2777351106" ], "author": [ "2159019156" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "internal displacement is increasingly perceived as an international problem this has led to suggestions that international norms have begun to govern state behaviour towards their own displaced populations i argue that this change occurred through the innovative use of soft law in particular the guiding principles on internal displacement by a consortia of norm entrepreneurs including ngos and a un office that of the representative of the secretary general for internally displaced persons as soft law these principles lack the usual markers which suggest an emerging norm instead the article argues that alternative methods including the international recognition of the principles and their adoption in domestic legislation has triggered a change in state behaviour this is demonstrated by examining two cases of forcible return of idps the closure of the kibeho camp in rwanda in 1995 before the principles were created and the closure of the znamenskoye camp in ingushetia russia in 2002 after their creation both situations are similar in that the norm appears to have been rejected forced repatriation did occur in the russian case however government statements along with widespread international condemnation of the closures suggest rhetorical instantiation of a norm of non forcible return for idps copyright", "title_raw": "Protection of internally displaced persons: soft law as a norm-generating mechanism", "abstract_raw": "Internal displacement is increasingly perceived as an international problem. This has led to suggestions that international norms have begun to govern state behaviour towards their own displaced populations. I argue that this change occurred through the innovative use of soft law, in particular the guiding principles on internal displacement, by a consortia of norm entrepreneurs including NGOs and a UN Office, that of the Representative of the Secretary-General for Internally Displaced Persons. As soft law, these principles lack the usual markers which suggest an emerging norm. Instead, the article argues that alternative methods - including the international recognition of the principles and their adoption in domestic legislation - has triggered a change in state behaviour. This is demonstrated by examining two cases of forcible return of IDPs - the closure of the Kibeho Camp in Rwanda in 1995, before the principles were created, and the closure of the Znamenskoye camp in Ingushetia, Russia in 2002, after their creation. Both situations are similar in that the norm appears to have been rejected - forced repatriation did occur. In the Russian case, however, government statements, along with widespread international condemnation of the closures, suggest rhetorical instantiation of a norm of non forcible return for IDPs. Copyright" }, { "paper": "230695916", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2010", "title": "review behind the development banks washington politics world poverty and the wealth of nations by sarah babb chicago il university of chicago press 2009 313pp 25 00 paper isbn 9780226033655", "label": [ "189326681", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2159163512" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review: Behind the Development Banks: Washington Politics, World Poverty, and the Wealth of Nations, by Sarah Babb. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2009. 313pp. $25.00 paper. ISBN: 9780226033655:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1974080592", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2011", "title": "the discreet harm of the bourgeoisie", "label": [ "2777363581", "184386139" ], "author": [ "2042757892" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The discreet harm of the Bourgeoisie", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2063244429", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2011", "title": "address education inequality in india", "label": [ "109986646" ], "author": [ "2135998767", "2013582931" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Address education inequality in India", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1993590399", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2011", "title": "participant observation and the political scientist possibilities priorities and practicalities", "label": [ "13010478", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2193958229", "2157243100" ], "reference": [ "601191052", "652799088", "1984098846", "2014743246", "2036450032", "2048534968", "2089152627", "2107831079", "2137441478" ], "abstract": "surveys experiments large n datasets and formal models are common instruments in the political scientist s toolkit in depth interviews and focus groups play a critical role in helping scholars answer important political questions in contrast participant observation techniques are an underused methodological approach in this article we argue that participant observation techniques have played and should continue to play a key role in advancing our understanding of political science after demonstrating the use of these techniques we offer readers advice for embarking upon participant observation research and explain how this approach should fit into a scholar s long term career plans", "title_raw": "Participant Observation and the Political Scientist: Possibilities, Priorities, and Practicalities", "abstract_raw": "Surveys, experiments, large- N datasets and formal models are common instruments in the political scientist's toolkit. In-depth interviews and focus groups play a critical role in helping scholars answer important political questions. In contrast, participant observation techniques are an underused methodological approach. In this article, we argue that participant observation techniques have played and should continue to play a key role in advancing our understanding of political science. After demonstrating the use of these techniques, we offer readers advice for embarking upon participant observation research and explain how this approach should fit into a scholar's long-term career plans." }, { "paper": "2031975994", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2011", "title": "avalanches and olive branches a multimethod analysis of disasters and peacemaking in interstate rivalries", "label": [ "2775842811", "199539241", "94625758", "2777432744", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2638382160", "1992263663", "2493120053" ], "reference": [ "74800840", "77122353", "131549169", "141481926", "400645442", "569601510", "583716080", "628385520", "645797848", "657800469", "1517091189", "1535643370", "1546613725", "1986851227", "2003324135", "2005354690", "2020181252", "2031874829", "2035294572", "2046108673", "2047299883", "2048059997", "2049126362", "2051737038", "2054572723", "2058329721", "2058382513", "2064601539", "2072684406", "2087007933", "2087313224", "2094736317", "2108378466", "2114001875", "2114995993", "2127267774", "2129116553", "2129643520", "2147039585", "2154979475", "2160362717", "2161132424", "2165482977", "2177316226", "2262956416", "2313953460", "2319660701", "2323874673", "2325333943", "2334807522", "2337325712", "2480443528", "2503513284", "2606423869", "2736734630", "2802803973", "2890688979", "2948161770", "3108505381", "3195673134" ], "abstract": "multimethod analysis of earthquakes effects in two enduring rivalries demonstrates that natural disaster can promote rapprochement political steps toward warmer relations that make it difficult for interstate rivalry to continue public expression of compassion and support for rapprochement create audience costs for leaders who otherwise would maintain hostile policies toward the rival state however routine violence including communal violence discourages public support for postdisaster cooperation and rapprochement content analysis and time series analysis of rivalry change in two cases india pakistan and greece turkey demonstrate these phenomena and comparative case study analysis shows that communal violence helps account for divergent outcomes between the two cases", "title_raw": "Avalanches and Olive Branches: A Multimethod Analysis of Disasters and Peacemaking in Interstate Rivalries", "abstract_raw": "Multimethod analysis of earthquakes\u2019 effects in two enduring rivalries demonstrates that natural disaster can promote rapprochement, political steps toward warmer relations that make it difficult for interstate rivalry to continue. Public expression of compassion and support for rapprochement create audience costs for leaders who otherwise would maintain hostile policies toward the rival state. However, routine violence, including communal violence, discourages public support for postdisaster cooperation and rapprochement. Content analysis and time-series analysis of rivalry change in two cases, India\u2014Pakistan and Greece\u2014Turkey, demonstrate these phenomena, and comparative case study analysis shows that communal violence helps account for divergent outcomes between the two cases." }, { "paper": "2019450243", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2011", "title": "the policy opinion link and institutional change the legislative agenda of the uk and scottish parliaments", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064", "134698397", "9183409", "2781440851", "2777351106", "83009810", "67860675", "19185018" ], "author": [ "2229851238", "2030116683", "2167894569" ], "reference": [ "462827484", "584216048", "626858470", "1498624896", "1558393125", "1598927147", "1653210553", "1981993278", "1988323515", "1999004728", "2019668364", "2063984238", "2081714882", "2083277050", "2084679857", "2086555507", "2099304543", "2105669779", "2127028709", "2131488404", "2138082499", "2139387599", "2159743192", "2329103711", "2477862942", "3142842664" ], "abstract": "institutions can affect the degree to which public opinion influences policy by determining the clarity of responsibility in decision making the sharing of power between national and devolved levels of government makes it difficult for the public to attribute responsibility for decisions in the uk this generates the prediction that the devolution of power to territorial units weakens the effect of public opinion on policy both for the uk and scottish governments to test this expectation this paper analyses responsiveness of the legislative outputs of the uk and scottish parliaments to the issue priorities of the public it finds the policy opinion link in the uk appears to be weaker since devolution to the scottish parliament in 1999 compared with the period between 1977 and 1998 it shows no evidence of a direct link between issue priorities of the scottish public and legislative outputs of the scottish parliament", "title_raw": "The policy-opinion link and institutional change: the legislative agenda of the UK and Scottish parliaments", "abstract_raw": "Institutions can affect the degree to which public opinion influences policy by determining the clarity of responsibility in decision-making. The sharing of power between national and devolved levels of government makes it difficult for the public to attribute responsibility for decisions. In the UK, this generates the prediction that the devolution of power to territorial units weakens the effect of public opinion on policy both for the UK and Scottish governments. To test this expectation, this paper analyses responsiveness of the legislative outputs of the UK and Scottish parliaments to the issue priorities of the public. It finds the policy-opinion link in the UK appears to be weaker since devolution to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 compared with the period between 1977 and 1998. It shows no evidence of a direct link between issue priorities of the Scottish public and legislative outputs of the Scottish Parliament." }, { "paper": "3121316377", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2011", "title": "puerto rico s eleventh amendment status anxiety", "label": [ "2776748549", "2778272461", "199539241", "129161804", "170706310" ], "author": [ "2629815767" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Puerto Rico's Eleventh Amendment Status Anxiety", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2069006679", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2011", "title": "the right to be right civil military relations and the iraq surge decision", "label": [ "199539241", "2781145704" ], "author": [ "14489683" ], "reference": [ "60976752", "238381089", "307029968", "615202375", "617545113", "644173697", "653418494", "857104170", "1508314694", "1510599622", "1511374138", "1547146759", "1561430783", "1577280610", "1594124754", "1971107761", "2010452478", "2015904216", "2051273524", "2063144445", "2063206571", "2065982344", "2066849305", "2068323210", "2082666387", "2091249067", "2169388802", "2334073527", "2417214260", "2553810695", "2605357801", "2802915908", "2891799766", "2944086761", "2991880317", "3151745214" ], "abstract": "president george w bush s iraq surge decision in late 2006 is an interesting case for civil military relations theory in particular the debate between professional supremacists and civilian supremacists over how much to defer to the military on decisions during war the professional supremacists argue that the primary problem for civil military relations during war is ensuring the military an adequate voice and keeping civilians from micromanaging and mismanaging matters civilian supremacists in contrast argue that the primary problem is ensuring that well informed civilian strategic guidance is authoritatively directing key decisions even when the military disagrees with that direction a close reading of the available evidence both in published accounts and in new not for attribution interviews with the key players shows that the surge decision vindicates neither camp if president bush had followed the professional supremacists there would have been no surge because his key military commanders", "title_raw": "The Right to Be Right: Civil-Military Relations and the Iraq Surge Decision", "abstract_raw": "President George W. Bush's Iraq surge decision in late 2006 is an interesting case for civil-military relations theory, in particular, the debate between professional supremacists and civilian supremacists over how much to defer to the military on decisions during war. The professional supremacists argue that the primary problem for civil-military relations during war is ensuring the military an adequate voice and keeping civilians from micromanaging and mismanaging matters. Civilian supremacists, in contrast, argue that the primary problem is ensuring that well-informed civilian strategic guidance is authoritatively directing key decisions, even when the military disagrees with that direction. A close reading of the available evidence\u2014both in published accounts and in new, not-for-attribution interviews with the key players\u2014shows that the surge decision vindicates neither camp. If President Bush had followed the professional supremacists, there would have been no surge because his key military commanders..." }, { "paper": "2044290807", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2011", "title": "equal opportunities and ethnic inequality in european labour markets", "label": [ "137403100" ], "author": [ "133331285" ], "reference": [ "171384475", "572239203", "576745996", "597197982", "610791400", "626099360", "635251867", "638738413", "649687078", "657107028", "1492792835", "1496718269", "1499159414", "1527331759", "1540381487", "1555233099", "1585629540", "1780158697", "1843656059", "1888457656", "1898028427", "1927360298", "1955150189", "1967698740", "1973911426", "1993207564", "2008373375", "2018297906", "2025178165", "2026856129", "2034813388", "2058937441", "2070506053", "2091283824", "2095722148", "2109507579", "2110932694", "2113512411", "2121607015", "2125094648", "2136732861", "2142507586", "2172004501", "2333988193", "2503027967", "2889207783", "2963249648", "2976132182", "2986740107", "3108088021", "3123094809", "3125188161", "3128631334", "3148988325" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Equal Opportunities and Ethnic Inequality in European Labour Markets", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2139324364", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2011", "title": "the politicisation of suburbanisation in belgium towards an urban suburban divide", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2481992954" ], "reference": [ "60274422", "116792311", "182346941", "430853437", "641839906", "651874230", "1522490483", "1856371837", "1975754397", "1978637556", "1984634829", "1999299809", "2001852207", "2013471421", "2026482366", "2028891074", "2034529268", "2035474921", "2035747553", "2040882711", "2044033332", "2046714845", "2048023895", "2058156970", "2065239005", "2103792515", "2128474841", "2136314433", "2139110314", "2144237586", "2149314088", "2159253560", "2213943224", "2234987952", "2268397875", "2271392375", "2324417674", "2495772215", "2526155649", "2526531484", "2526644429" ], "abstract": "the electoral and political consequences of suburbanisation recently regained interest in the anglo saxon literature pointing to a growing polarisation between city and suburban fringe this paper analyses these processes in the antwerp urban region and shows the development of a similar electoral divide that is supported by the political parties involved these observations add to the existing evidence that city suburban polarisation in belgium cannot be simply equated with the anglo saxon experience where a complete suburban fencing off from the city is observable rather because of the comparatively limited development of functions in the belgian suburbs a suburban discourse emerges that focuses on safe and accessible cities for the suburban user yet without much reference to its present inhabitants", "title_raw": "The politicisation of suburbanisation in Belgium: towards an urban\u2013suburban divide.", "abstract_raw": "The electoral and political consequences of suburbanisation recently regained interest in the Anglo-Saxon literature, pointing to a growing polarisation between city and suburban fringe. This paper analyses these processes in the Antwerp urban region and shows the development of a similar electoral divide that is supported by the political parties involved. These observations add to the existing evidence that city\u2013suburban polarisation in Belgium cannot be simply equated with the Anglo-Saxon experience, where a complete suburban fencing off from the city is observable. Rather, because of the comparatively limited development of functions in the Belgian suburbs, a suburban discourse emerges that focuses on safe and accessible cities for the suburban user, yet without much reference to its present inhabitants." }, { "paper": "2078517102", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2011", "title": "reflections on commissioning and the english coalition government nhs reforms", "label": [ "2776568539", "3116431", "165347436" ], "author": [ "2479093502", "2097422750" ], "reference": [ "111995409", "1969126275", "1982959830", "1997811544", "2008671781", "2026678592", "2031721240", "2070671457", "2073381151", "2134518597", "2166612887", "2329448115" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reflections on commissioning and the English coalition government NHS reforms.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2156180222", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2011", "title": "who decides and how preferences uncertainty and policy choice in the european parliament by n ringe", "label": [ "2781440851", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2164232682" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Who Decides and How? Preferences, Uncertainty and Policy Choice in the European Parliament \u2013 By N. Ringe", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2540595702", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2011", "title": "israel s bunker mentality", "label": [ "3651065", "158071213", "513891491", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2064843279" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Israel's Bunker mentality", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2050660161", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2011", "title": "health research europe s future", "label": [ "39549134", "47344431" ], "author": [ "2472664475" ], "reference": [ "1977579763", "1984178901", "2591990292" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Health research\u2014Europe's future", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2375406959", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2011", "title": "the social responsibility of higher education research in the context of neo liberalism", "label": [ "67141207", "147598955", "39549134", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2439811666" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "neo liberalism has brought a new development idea for higher education but also destroyed the world of universities which weakened social functions and responsibilities of higher education and university academic ecological alienation faced with the growing crisis in higher education caused by neo liberalism higher education researchers should be aware of the social responsibility of maintaining the public interests the mission and the sustainable and healthy development of universities higher education researchers assume that social responsibility can not only help to lead the activities of higher education and universities to the right track of development but also help to promote higher education research itself", "title_raw": "The Social Responsibility of Higher Education Research in the Context of Neo-Liberalism", "abstract_raw": "Neo-liberalism has brought a new development idea for higher education,but also destroyed the world of universities,which weakened social functions and responsibilities of higher education and university academic ecological alienation.Faced with the growing crisis in higher education caused by neo-liberalism,higher education researchers should be aware of the social responsibility of maintaining the public interests,the mission and the sustainable and healthy development of universities.Higher education researchers assume that social responsibility can not only help to lead the activities of higher education and universities to the right track of development,but also help to promote higher education research itself." }, { "paper": "2117395722", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2011", "title": "war the american state and politics since 1898by robert p saldin", "label": [ "94625758", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2145528923" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "War, the American State, and Politics since 1898by Robert P. Saldin", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2023678368", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2011", "title": "the balkans and the eu after mladic", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "1449341841" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Balkans and the EU after Mladic", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2164895671", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2011", "title": "the method of problems versus the method of topics", "label": [ "7991579", "2777617010", "30542707" ], "author": [ "2326796256" ], "reference": [ "75181920", "256019955", "565393042", "612139707", "640137245", "659433729", "936734391", "1524155492", "1546039474", "1584053331", "1587649482", "1589303317", "1594151632", "1603086384", "1603971080", "1606540910", "1608550176", "1974070295", "1977062359", "1985837824", "1991648321", "2008879452", "2042408239", "2065034394", "2093596277", "2094736317", "2138424504", "2167997804", "2202251160", "2333018025", "2396901327", "2753533763", "3130328496" ], "abstract": "confused students researching papers not knowing where they are going articles lectures and books on exciting topics that turn out to be boring such familiar phenomena are symptoms of a widespread largely unconscious methodological habit of focusing on topics rather than problems this habit rests on views about knowledge that are deeply ingrained in commonsense knowledge and in the methodology of mainstream social science such views saturate the understanding of scientific inquiry assumed by most methods textbooks this article criticizes the method of topics and contrasts it with the method of problems the word topic suggests that there is some surface to cover but not why covering it might be interesting interesting research is problem driven it begins with a sense that something is amiss with existing knowledge and requires explanation problem driven research begins not with collection of data or facts or with clarification of concepts but with identification of inconsistencies or gaps in existing knowledge it seeks to solve problems through free invention and severe criticism of hypotheses", "title_raw": "The Method of Problems versus the Method of Topics", "abstract_raw": "Confused students researching papers not knowing where they are going. Articles, lectures, and books on exciting topics that turn out to be boring. Such familiar phenomena are symptoms of a widespread, largely unconscious methodological habit of focusing on topics rather than problems. This habit rests on views about knowledge that are deeply ingrained in commonsense knowledge and in the methodology of mainstream social science. Such views saturate the understanding of scientific inquiry assumed by most methods textbooks. This article criticizes the method of topics and contrasts it with the method of problems. The word \u201ctopic\u201d suggests that there is some surface to cover, but not why covering it might be interesting. Interesting research is problem-driven. It begins with a sense that something is amiss with existing knowledge and requires explanation. Problem-driven research begins, not with collection of data or facts, or with clarification of concepts, but with identification of inconsistencies or gaps in existing knowledge. It seeks to solve problems through free invention and severe criticism of hypotheses." }, { "paper": "2119419395", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2011", "title": "the problem with radicalization the remit of prevent and the need to refocus on terrorism in the uk", "label": [ "92063252", "2777113924", "2777585279", "203133693", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2675572861" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article questions the utility of the term radicalization as a focus for counter terrorism response in the uk it argues that the lack of clarity as to who the radicalized are has helped to facilitate a prevent strand of counterterrorism strategy that has confusingly oscillated between tackling violent extremism in particular to promoting community cohesion and shared values more broadly the article suggests that the focus of counterterrorism strategy should be on countering terrorism and not on the broader remit implied by wider conceptions of radical ization this is not to diminish the importance of contextual or root cause factors behind terrorism but if it is terrorism that is to be understood and countered then such factors should be viewed within the terrorism counterterrorism discourse and not a radicalization counter radicalization one the article goes on to consider the characterization of those presenting a terrorist threat to the uk as being vulnerable to violent extremism while it argues that the notion of vulnerable individuals and communities also lends itself to a wider prevent remit it cautions that the impetus towards viewing terrorism as the product of vulnerability should not deflect us from what has generally been agreed in terrorism studies that terrorism involves the perpetration of rational and calculated acts of violence", "title_raw": "The problem with \u2018radicalization\u2019: the remit of \u2018Prevent\u2019 and the need to refocus on terrorism in the UK", "abstract_raw": "This article questions the utility of the term \u2018radicalization\u2019 as a focus for counter-terrorism response in the UK. It argues that the lack of clarity as to who the radicalized are has helped to facilitate a \u2018Prevent\u2019 strand of counterterrorism strategy that has confusingly oscillated between tackling violent extremism, in particular, to promoting community cohesion and \u2018shared values\u2019 more broadly. The article suggests that the focus of counterterrorism strategy should be on countering terrorism and not on the broader remit implied by wider conceptions of radical-ization. This is not to diminish the importance of contextual or \u2018root cause\u2019 factors behind terrorism, but, if it is terrorism that is to be understood and countered, then such factors should be viewed within the terrorism-counterterrorism discourse and not a radicalization-counter-radicalization one. The article goes on to consider the characterization of those presenting a terrorist threat to the UK as being \u2018vulnerable\u2019 to violent extremism. While it argues that the notion of vulnerable individuals and communities also lends itself to a wider \u2018Prevent\u2019 remit, it cautions that the impetus towards viewing terrorism as the product of vulnerability should not deflect us from what has generally been agreed in terrorism studies\u2014that terrorism involves the perpetration of rational and calculated acts of violence." }, { "paper": "1994692539", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2011", "title": "the nature of supreme court power by matthew e k hall new york cambridge university press 2010 262p 90 00", "label": [ "2776051254", "2778272461", "199539241" ], "author": [ "220695457" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Nature of Supreme Court Power. By Matthew E. K. Hall. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 262p. $90.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2160067574", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2011", "title": "presidents parties and prime ministers how the separation of powers affects party organization and behavior", "label": [ "199539241", "126053111" ], "author": [ "2106413865" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "presidents parties and prime ministers how the separation of powers affects party organization and behavior by david j samuels and matthew s shugart cambridge university press cambridge 2010", "title_raw": "Presidents, Parties, and Prime Ministers: How the Separation of Powers Affects Party Organization and Behavior", "abstract_raw": "Presidents, Parties, and Prime Ministers: How the Separation of Powers Affects Party Organization and Behavior By David J. Samuels and Matthew S. Shugart Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010..." }, { "paper": "2052967226", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2011", "title": "misreading islam in iraq secular misconceptions and british foreign policy", "label": [ "199539241", "2776074554", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2040058263" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "though british foreign policy toward iraq was officially separate from counterterrorism strategy ideas about the global war on terror circulated in both policy milieus this article deploys the concept of the security imaginary adding insights from pierre bourdieu s notion of the habitus to explore why this was the case the british security imaginary as structured by a secular social landscape coming to terms with radical islamism was beholden to a series of problematic assumptions about religio politics this article focuses on british perceptions of the islamist jaish al mehdi militia between 2003 and 2004 beyond the iraq example this historical incident suggests intimate connections between the experience of domestic secularity and warfare", "title_raw": "Misreading Islam in Iraq: Secular Misconceptions and British Foreign Policy", "abstract_raw": "Though British foreign policy toward Iraq was officially separate from counterterrorism strategy, ideas about the \u201cglobal war on terror\u201d circulated in both policy milieus. This article deploys the concept of the security imaginary, adding insights from Pierre Bourdieu's notion of the habitus, to explore why this was the case. The British security imaginary, as structured by a secular social landscape coming to terms with \u201cradical Islamism,\u201d was beholden to a series of problematic assumptions about religio-politics. This article focuses on British perceptions of the Islamist Jaish al-Mehdi militia between 2003 and 2004. Beyond the Iraq example, this historical incident suggests intimate connections between the experience of domestic secularity and warfare." }, { "paper": "2087809958", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2011", "title": "obama s 2012 vision clashes with house cuts in 2011", "label": [ "3116431", "2779999868", "94625758" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "it9s a tale of two budgets and the u s science community is applauding one while deploring the other the twin story lines involve the president9s vision for 2012 and a spending plan by house republicans for the rest of this fiscal year the latter is needed because congress still hasn9t finished work on the budget for the 2011 fiscal year that began last october and while budgets are always political statements this pair goes further by painting starkly contrasting visions of where the country should be headed and the role of research in helping it to get there all this is a recipe for confusion and uncertainty with reporting by the science news staff", "title_raw": "Obama's 2012 Vision Clashes With House Cuts in 2011", "abstract_raw": "It9s a tale of two budgets, and the U.S. science community is applauding one while deploring the other. The twin story lines involve the president9s vision for 2012 and a spending plan by House Republicans for the rest of this fiscal year. The latter is needed because Congress still hasn9t finished work on the budget for the 2011 fiscal year that began last October. And while budgets are always political statements, this pair goes further by painting starkly contrasting visions of where the country should be headed\u2014and the role of research in helping it to get there. All this is a recipe for confusion and uncertainty. * With reporting by the Science News staff." }, { "paper": "1974884457", "venue": "51885707", "year": "2011", "title": "seaside resort hinterland nexus palanga lithuania", "label": [ "2776687071", "18918823" ], "author": [ "2027600915", "2012732327" ], "reference": [ "98679550", "166712142", "193068036", "194073625", "277470223", "575429041", "590382580", "615102622", "1013999789", "1267114504", "1481831381", "1487528454", "1549534327", "1564253754", "1583291775", "1596137767", "1605209000", "1876024028", "1971670344", "1976750035", "1978258258", "1983946326", "1988002179", "1990181947", "1995743338", "1997306070", "2002205907", "2004483659", "2008934558", "2017697551", "2023898318", "2033289505", "2041656516", "2042349004", "2050142017", "2055229931", "2058572277", "2060344813", "2069426402", "2071094161", "2072280269", "2078388204", "2086329155", "2086735004", "2094690479", "2096512684", "2103714582", "2104193996", "2105088160", "2111502851", "2116094233", "2119213088", "2121688977", "2122519805", "2125209695", "2128443304", "2134831321", "2143592599", "2150180434", "2150292847", "2153209681", "2157306108", "2158544811", "2167757977", "2519568527", "2608107171", "2611992852", "2764357991", "2764436181", "2764540120", "2764585606", "2765068257", "2814985347" ], "abstract": "abstract this paper examines the ordering process of a seaside resort tourismscape and its hinterland in this study we argue that the increasingly mobile savvy and discerning post mass tourists require an increasingly fluid ordering of the tourist actor networks this is the key prerequisite for the rejuvenation of a seaside resort the multiplicity of the ordering modes strengthens the durability and reinvention potential of a seaside resort hinterland nexus that caters to the needs of the post mass tourists the analyzed obligatory passage points of palanga the pier and the rustic mega inn demonstrate the obsolescence of the conventional notions of centrality in the seaside resort development", "title_raw": "Seaside resort-hinterland Nexus: Palanga, Lithuania", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This paper examines the ordering process of a seaside resort tourismscape and its hinterland. In this study we argue that the increasingly mobile, savvy and discerning post-mass tourists require an increasingly \u2018fluid\u2019 ordering of the tourist actor-networks. This is the key prerequisite for the rejuvenation of a seaside resort. The multiplicity of the ordering modes strengthens the durability and reinvention potential of a seaside resort-hinterland nexus that caters to the needs of the post-mass tourists. The analyzed obligatory passage points of Palanga, the pier and the rustic mega-inn, demonstrate the obsolescence of the conventional notions of centrality in the seaside resort development." }, { "paper": "2095360932", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2011", "title": "prioritizing active learning an exploration of gateway courses in political science", "label": [ "28968643", "45504901" ], "author": [ "2130588741", "2146144842" ], "reference": [ "4712996", "167752217", "214257741", "247944415", "319298851", "613815649", "1587615980", "1608774410", "1968451525", "1985190484", "1996540000", "1997798806", "2001204816", "2008247777", "2009295824", "2014215592", "2023993612", "2028641854", "2029127831", "2043418403", "2065441453", "2084022987", "2087666611", "2091607978", "2112144278", "2115213180", "2126499544", "2129631906", "2132094380", "2143102207", "2143661313", "2166223341" ], "abstract": "prior research in political science and other disciplines demonstrates the pedagogical and practical benefits of active learning less is known however about the extent to which active learning is used in political science classrooms this study assesses the prioritization of active learning in gateway political science courses paying specific attention to simulations structured debates and the case method nearly five hundred individual course syllabi for introductory level political science courses are examined although the level of active learning prioritization is surprisingly low the dimensions on which it varies suggest opportunities for adoption across subfields and classes of varying size", "title_raw": "Prioritizing Active Learning: An Exploration of Gateway Courses in Political Science.", "abstract_raw": "Prior research in political science and other disciplines demonstrates the pedagogical and practical benefits of active learning. Less is known, however, about the extent to which active learning is used in political science classrooms. This study assesses the prioritization of active learning in \u201cgateway\u201d political science courses, paying specific attention to simulations, structured debates, and the case method. Nearly five hundred individual course syllabi for introductory-level political science courses are examined. Although the level of active learning prioritization is surprisingly low, the dimensions on which it varies suggest opportunities for adoption across subfields and classes of varying size." }, { "paper": "3125532536", "venue": "44706263", "year": "2011", "title": "from programmatic reform to social science research the national tax association and the promise and perils of disciplinary encounters", "label": [ "2781334022", "2778061430", "2776805697", "55674860", "8795937", "3116431", "178283979" ], "author": [ "2250235409", "1998235799" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article uses the history of the national tax association nta the leading twentieth century organization of tax professionals to strengthen our empirical understanding of the disciplinary encounter between law and the social sciences building on existing sociolegal scholarship this article explores how the nta embodied tax law s ambivalent historical interaction with public economics since its founding in 1907 the nta has changed dramatically from an eclectic and catholic organization of tax professionals with a high public profile to an insular scholarly association of mainly academic public finance economists using a mix of quantitative and qualitative historical evidence we contend that the transformation in the nta s mission and output can be explained by the increasing professionalization and specialization of tax knowledge and by the dominant role that public economics has played in shaping that knowledge this increasing specialization allowed the nta to secure its position as a bastion of scholarly tax research but that achievement came at a cost to the organization s broader civic mission this article is thus a historical account of how two competing professional disciplines tax law and public economics have interacted within a particular organizational field namely the research and analysis of tax law and policy", "title_raw": "From Programmatic Reform to Social Science Research: The National Tax Association and the Promise and Perils of Disciplinary Encounters", "abstract_raw": "This article uses the history of the National Tax Association (NTA), the leading twentieth-century organization of tax professionals, to strengthen our empirical understanding of the disciplinary encounter between law and the social sciences. Building on existing sociolegal scholarship, this article explores how the NTA embodied tax law's ambivalent historical interaction with public economics. Since its founding in 1907, the NTA has changed dramatically from an eclectic and catholic organization of tax professionals with a high public profile to an insular, scholarly association of mainly academic public finance economists. Using a mix of quantitative and qualitative historical evidence, we contend that the transformation in the NTA's mission and output can be explained by the increasing professionalization and specialization of tax knowledge, and by the dominant role that public economics has played in shaping that knowledge. This increasing specialization allowed the NTA to secure its position as a bastion of scholarly tax research. But that achievement came at a cost to the organization's broader civic mission. This article is thus a historical account of how two competing professional disciplines\u2014tax law and public economics\u2014have interacted within a particular organizational field, namely the research and analysis of tax law and policy." }, { "paper": "3125724051", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2011", "title": "the inducement standard of patentability", "label": [ "34974158", "2777265855", "2780697943", "2778403127", "115910719", "199539241", "2779541081", "2778272461", "200635333" ], "author": [ "2223803691", "2120618488" ], "reference": [ "21829103", "96679027", "178620826", "387350260", "411704257", "591111433", "611955276", "795020959", "799817788", "1493162404", "1496052318", "1518316371", "1522670635", "1529597757", "1620224057", "1658551889", "1966144537", "1989538307", "2007488747", "2010586831", "2010628486", "2057917175", "2129380988", "2131270121", "2165064575", "2168751125", "2263898382", "2592566225", "2796102248", "2801453286", "2884462122", "3100306804", "3121360885", "3121475056", "3121732459", "3121941578", "3121966764", "3121987808", "3122562393", "3122704550", "3122734169", "3122743673", "3122783616", "3122847881", "3122935481", "3122958034", "3123147003", "3123354323", "3123751986", "3123758654", "3123818599", "3124050801", "3124259555", "3124286766", "3124484867", "3124878334", "3125475364", "3125827824", "3126087333", "3151257592" ], "abstract": "in graham v john deere co the supreme court explained that patent law s nonobviousness doctrine is meant to restrict the award of patents to only those inventions which would not be disclosed or devised but for the inducement of a patent this article argues that this inducement standard largely ignored in practice should serve as the doctrinal polestar such an approach would provide a solid economic foundation for the patentability standard and would align patent law with the many other fields of regulatory law that currently apply economic analysis in determining the scope and content of regulation the article also offers several refinements to the inducement standard and explains how the patent and trademark office and courts could implement the inducement standard in an administrable way authors michael abramowicz is professor of law george washington university j d yale law school john f duffy is oswald symister colclough research professor of law george washington university j d university of chicago law school the authors would like to thank beverly chang ashkan eshghi and alan lau for research assistance ed walterscheid arti rai and ed kitch as well as participants in a university of virginia workshop and a federal trade commission department of justice workshop the authors also thank the kauffman foundation and the george washington university law school for financial support the inducement standard of patentability 1591 article contents", "title_raw": "The Inducement Standard of Patentability", "abstract_raw": "In Graham v. John Deere Co., the Supreme Court explained that patent law\u2019s nonobviousness doctrine is meant to restrict the award of patents to only \u201cthose inventions which would not be disclosed or devised but for the inducement of a patent.\u201d This Article argues that this inducement standard, largely ignored in practice, should serve as the doctrinal polestar. Such an approach would provide a solid economic foundation for the patentability standard and would align patent law with the many other fields of regulatory law that currently apply economic analysis in determining the scope and content of regulation. The Article also offers several refinements to the inducement standard and explains how the Patent and Trademark Office and courts could implement the inducement standard in an administrable way. authors. Michael Abramowicz is Professor of Law, George Washington University. J.D., Yale Law School. John F. Duffy is Oswald Symister Colclough Research Professor of Law, George Washington University. J.D., University of Chicago Law School. The authors would like to thank Beverly Chang, Ashkan Eshghi, and Alan Lau for research assistance, Ed Walterscheid, Arti Rai, and Ed Kitch, as well as participants in a University of Virginia workshop and a Federal Trade Commission-Department of Justice workshop. The authors also thank the Kauffman Foundation and the George Washington University Law School for financial support. the inducement standard of patentability 1591 article contents" }, { "paper": "2113168028", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2011", "title": "the 2012 olympics assessing the public health effect", "label": [ "47344431", "185618831", "193395930" ], "author": [ "1969269742", "2148096037", "2102038690", "2334192358" ], "reference": [ "619134995", "834527443", "1506580837", "1600833867", "1602832609", "2002788245", "2011227628", "2047432693", "2060837591", "2091625575", "2093774165", "2097208537", "2114105873" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The 2012 Olympics: assessing the public health effect", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2046425131", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2011", "title": "nhs reform take two", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2650348779" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "an independent review of the uk s plans for health reform has called for a rewrite of the most contentious parts of the bill emma wilkinson asks whether the changes will appease the critics", "title_raw": "NHS reform: take two.", "abstract_raw": "An independent review of the UK's plans for health reform has called for a rewrite of the most contentious parts of the bill. Emma Wilkinson asks whether the changes will appease the critics." }, { "paper": "2102568441", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2011", "title": "civic education political discussion and the social transmission of democratic knowledge and values in a new democracy kenya 2002", "label": [ "203663800", "555826173", "187651312", "81307892", "3116431", "94625758", "2781160424", "2777359644", "139268390" ], "author": [ "2102532883", "2150657543" ], "reference": [ "190512704", "321913431", "587804485", "627649530", "654710005", "658743970", "1508753969", "1516692951", "1546886084", "1557941775", "1724751992", "1973105630", "1973672034", "1978108654", "1992313479", "1999357064", "2000054242", "2001258267", "2002274075", "2006076056", "2013383792", "2015325340", "2024913622", "2030398623", "2033457513", "2037722987", "2045532402", "2050032851", "2054474652", "2078059737", "2079955265", "2103702451", "2103713232", "2105275777", "2111078766", "2117963689", "2120165710", "2123469017", "2125353502", "2129865739", "2138126192", "2147812689", "2149458473", "2157472472", "2158134461", "2158613057", "2161270090", "2161490655", "2162818481", "2164597889", "2167701324", "2168091696", "2186524932", "2290804088", "2494321461", "2495157098", "2505663499", "2592801436", "3121893250" ], "abstract": "how does civic education affect the development of democratic political culture in new democracies using a unique threewave panel data set from kenya spanning the transitional democratic election of 2002 we posit a two step process of the social transmission of democratic knowledge norms and values civic education first affected the knowledge values and participatory inclinations of individuals directly exposed to the kenyan national civic education programme ncep these individuals became opinion leaders communicating these new orientations to others within their social networks individuals who discussed others civic education experiences then showed significant growth in democratic knowledge and values in many instances more than individuals with direct exposure to the program we find further evidence of a compensation effect such that the impact of civic education and post civic education discussion was greater among kenyans with less education and with lower levels of social integration", "title_raw": "Civic Education, Political Discussion, and the Social Transmission of Democratic Knowledge and Values in a New Democracy: Kenya 2002", "abstract_raw": "How does civic education affect the development of democratic political culture in new democracies? Using a unique threewave panel data set from Kenya spanning the transitional democratic election of 2002, we posit a two-step process of the social transmission of democratic knowledge, norms, and values. Civic education first affected the knowledge, values, and participatory inclinations of individuals directly exposed to the Kenyan National Civic Education Programme (NCEP). These individuals became opinion leaders, communicating these new orientations to others within their social networks. Individuals who discussed others\u2019 civic education experiences then showed significant growth in democratic knowledge and values, in many instances more than individuals with direct exposure to the program. We find further evidence of a \u201ccompensation effect,\u201d such that the impact of civic education and post-civic education discussion was greater among Kenyans with less education and with lower levels of social integration." }, { "paper": "2023006683", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2011", "title": "china the pessoptimist nationby william a callahan", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2618789902" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China: The Pessoptimist Nationby William A. Callahan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2147155313", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2011", "title": "what s wrong with being sexy why political science needs to get serious about sexuality", "label": [ "53813258", "94625758", "55507652" ], "author": [ "2627189979" ], "reference": [ "560260830", "1981338610", "1986792585", "2008085691", "2038600245", "2071721177", "2095634354", "2119266541", "2138099467", "2150533452", "2151089592", "2169844845", "2318958128", "2319116162", "2337002970", "2799169748" ], "abstract": "from the infamous blue dress to lewd gesturing under an airport bathroom stall the scandalous coupling of sex and politics generates a lot of buzz political pundits inevitably find themselves on the media frontlines ruminating on the impact of a particular impropriety its implications for the dishonored politician s career and his or her ability to effectively perform his or her job comedians gather some of their greatest material from the collision of sex and politics their jokes and send ups however are not limited to sexual scandal tina fey s impersonation of sarah palin catapulted saturday night live snl to the top of the nielson ratings map in 2008 the nation collectively busted a gut watching the mock nonpartisan television announcement featuring sarah palin dressed in a brightly colored skirt suit and punctuating her statements with emotive winks or cutesy giggles and hillary clinton sporting a drab pantsuit and underscoring her statements with firm nods or a clenched fist pounding the podium as they denounced the role that sexism played in the presidential campaign", "title_raw": "\u201cWhat's Wrong with Being Sexy?\u201d Why Political Science Needs to Get Serious about Sexuality", "abstract_raw": "From the infamous blue dress to lewd gesturing under an airport bathroom stall, the scandalous coupling of sex and politics generates a lot of buzz. Political pundits inevitably find themselves on the media frontlines, ruminating on the impact of a particular impropriety, its implications for the dishonored politician's career, and his or her ability to effectively perform his or her job. Comedians gather some of their greatest material from the collision of sex and politics. Their jokes and send-ups, however, are not limited to sexual scandal. Tina Fey's impersonation of Sarah Palin catapulted Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) to the top of the Nielson ratings map in 2008. The nation collectively busted a gut watching the mock \u201cnonpartisan\u201d television announcement featuring Sarah Palin (dressed in a brightly colored skirt suit and punctuating her statements with emotive winks or cutesy giggles) and Hillary Clinton (sporting a drab pantsuit and underscoring her statements with firm nods or a clenched fist pounding the podium) as they denounced the role that sexism played in the presidential campaign." }, { "paper": "2014175119", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2011", "title": "regional elections and electoral authoritarianism in russia", "label": [ "2778521920", "558001185", "68346564", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2125540497" ], "reference": [ "105664592", "354021908", "607926820", "608637115", "1487692684", "2066511003", "2107559193", "2148388782", "3142224269" ], "abstract": "in this study i test the democratic integrity of regional assembly elections which were conducted in russia over the period from december 2003 to march 2009 whilst we should not fall into the elec", "title_raw": "Regional Elections and Electoral Authoritarianism in Russia", "abstract_raw": "In this study I test the democratic integrity of regional assembly elections which were conducted in Russia over the period from December 2003 to March 2009. Whilst we should not fall into the elec..." }, { "paper": "2106563047", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2011", "title": "review elspeth guild kees groenendijk and sergio carrera ed 2009 illiberal liberal states immigration citizenship and integration in the eu", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758", "8795937", "44725695", "2777351106", "70036468", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2124620915" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this fascinating multifaceted volume is the work of both political scientists and lawyers their contributions not only blur disciplinary boundaries but also profitably combine empirical and normative concerns occasionally venturing into prescription the underlying tone is clearly liberal supporting the rights of individuals often third country nationals tcns to reside and remain in european countries even when those countries do their best often in the teeth of legislation and guidelines they themselves have approved to remove them or increasingly to prevent them coming in the first place", "title_raw": "[Review] Elspeth Guild, Kees Groenendijk and Sergio Carrera, ed. (2009) Illiberal liberal states: immigration, citizenship, and integration in the EU", "abstract_raw": "This fascinating, multifaceted volume is the work of both political scientists and lawyers. Their contributions not only blur disciplinary boundaries, but also profitably combine empirical and normative concerns, occasionally venturing into prescription. The underlying tone is clearly liberal, supporting the rights of individuals \u2013 often third country nationals (TCNs) \u2013 to reside and remain in European countries, even when those countries do their best \u2013 often in the teeth of legislation and guidelines they themselves have approved \u2013 to remove them, or (increasingly) to prevent them coming in the first place." }, { "paper": "793648234", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2011", "title": "the real world roadless rules challenges", "label": [ "148834064", "2776742560", "199539241", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "771523734" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the legal status of america s 58 5 million acres of inventoried roadless areas has been unsettled for nearly a decade these wild areas were given strict protection in the final days of the clinton administration but president clinton s roadless rule was suspended and later overturned by the bush administration when it promulgated its state petitions rule both rules were challenged in various courts with conflicting results as it stands the united states forest service is simultaneously compelled to follow the roadless rule by the ninth circuit and barred from following the rule by the tenth this note argues that both rules are invalid and that a new rule is needed for long term stability this new rule should initially require strict protection by the federal government but should allow for some local input to prevent another reversal when the republican party eventually retakes the white house", "title_raw": "The Real World Roadless Rules Challenges", "abstract_raw": "The legal status of America* s 58.5 million acres of Inventoried Roadless Areas has been unsettled for nearly a decade. These wild areas were given strict protection in the final days of the Clinton Administration, but President Clinton's Roadless Rule was suspended and later overturned by the Bush Administration when it promulgated its State Petitions Rule. Both rules were challenged in various courts, with conflicting results. As it stands, the United States Forest Service is simultaneously compelled to follow the Roadless Rule by the Ninth Circuit and barred from following the rule by the Tenth. This Note argues that both rules are invalid and that a new rule is needed for long-term stability. This new rule should initially require strict protection by the federal government but should allow for some local input to prevent another reversal when the Republican Party eventually retakes the White House." }, { "paper": "2548889121", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2011", "title": "recalibrating homeland security", "label": [ "509929229", "506469952", "513891491", "79165680", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2155736568" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Recalibrating Homeland Security", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "117096305", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2011", "title": "preventive detention no 2 bvr 2365 09", "label": [ "2780608745", "2778645526", "199539241", "2778618534", "169437150", "2777351106" ], "author": [ "40797541", "1712701047" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "federal constitutional court of germany ruling on the compatibility of preventive detention legislation with the european convention on human rights", "title_raw": "Preventive Detention, No. 2 BvR 2365/09", "abstract_raw": "Federal Constitutional Court of Germany ruling on the compatibility of preventive detention legislation with the European Convention on Human Rights" }, { "paper": "1969786748", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2011", "title": "debt crisis crunch time for us science", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2893997364" ], "reference": [ "1966856390" ], "abstract": "researchers must make a stronger case for funding in the face of a perfect storm of budget cuts and eroding political support says jay gulledge", "title_raw": "Debt crisis: Crunch time for US science", "abstract_raw": "Researchers must make a stronger case for funding in the face of a perfect storm of budget cuts and eroding political support, says Jay Gulledge." }, { "paper": "1968763398", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2011", "title": "foreign imposed regime change state power and civil war onset 1920 2004", "label": [ "81631423", "120302604", "2776051254", "2780556332", "2776398702", "2780093650", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2434639831", "2695033325" ], "reference": [ "177879470", "575552930", "589710912", "606783974", "645226663", "1486226362", "1492521989", "1495307792", "1500760931", "1514748175", "1544556248", "1601264540", "1815432357", "1967121716", "1970561783", "1979901238", "1981642162", "1983760863", "1989246932", "1989932186", "1993364336", "1994990033", "1995964689", "1999952305", "2006785711", "2020882408", "2021881543", "2027918095", "2029281829", "2037939893", "2043781118", "2044191044", "2061379010", "2062517274", "2068035722", "2074064000", "2077002000", "2091870290", "2106615139", "2107992979", "2111840771", "2112047051", "2113337101", "2122234826", "2132509947", "2142013610", "2148663146", "2151780178", "2156145052", "2160446276", "2165558159", "2166749687", "2167646079", "2169367474", "2568379065", "2798462905", "3122074090", "3123271700" ], "abstract": "this article proposes that foreign imposed regime changes fircs make civil war onset more likely when they damage state infrastructural power as in the context of interstate war and when they change the target s political institutions as well as leadership using rare events logit to analyse civil war onset from 1920 to 2004 it is found that interstate war and institutional change are virtually necessary though not sufficient conditions for an firc to cause a civil war many control variables are included the results are robust to different research design specifications nevertheless they cannot confirm that occupation troops make an firc more likely to spark civil war", "title_raw": "Foreign-Imposed Regime Change, State Power and Civil War Onset, 1920\u20132004", "abstract_raw": "This article proposes that foreign-imposed regime changes (FIRCs) make civil war onset more likely when they damage state infrastructural power, as in the context of interstate war, and when they change the target\u2019s political institutions as well as leadership. Using rare events logit to analyse civil war onset from 1920 to 2004, it is found that interstate war and institutional change are virtually necessary (though not sufficient) conditions for an FIRC to cause a civil war. Many control variables are included. The results are robust to different research design specifications; nevertheless, they cannot confirm that occupation troops make an FIRC more likely to spark civil war." }, { "paper": "2045508182", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2011", "title": "nuclear energy nationalize the fukushima daiichi atomic plant", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2721881391", "864077660" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "only by bringing the nuclear power station into government hands can scientists find out what really happened say tomoyuki taira and yukio hatoyama", "title_raw": "Nuclear energy: Nationalize the Fukushima Daiichi atomic plant", "abstract_raw": "Only by bringing the nuclear power station into government hands can scientists find out what really happened, say Tomoyuki Taira and Yukio Hatoyama." }, { "paper": "2323236753", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2011", "title": "decentralization and subnational politics in latin america by tulia g falleti", "label": [ "94625758", "136810230", "158886217" ], "author": [ "122812519" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Decentralization and Subnational Politics in Latin America, by Tulia G. Falleti.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2073456596", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2011", "title": "the ideological origins of american federalism by alison l lacroix", "label": [ "199539241", "158071213", "533735693" ], "author": [ "2421420437" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Ideological Origins of American Federalism, by Alison L. LaCroix.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2164557200", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2011", "title": "our army soldiers politics and american civil military relations by jason k dempsey princeton princeton university press 2010 288p 70 00 cloth 26 95 paper american civil military relations the soldier and the state in a new era edited by suzanne c nielsen and don m snider baltimore the johns hopkins university press 2009 409p 65 00 cloth 34 95 paper", "label": [ "2781145704", "2776398702", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2105284004" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Our Army: Soldiers, Politics, and American Civil\u2013Military Relations. By Jason K. Dempsey. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. 288p. $70.00 cloth, $26.95 paper.American Civil\u2013Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era. Edited by Suzanne C. Nielsen and Don M. Snider. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009. 409p. $65.00 cloth, $34.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2110315874", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2011", "title": "euromed european neighbourhood policy and the union for the mediterranean overlapping policy frames in the eu s governance of the mediterranean", "label": [ "71750763", "2780545837" ], "author": [ "2135854615" ], "reference": [ "1523162315", "1562439497", "1576954014", "1591505445", "1976710185", "2003771170", "2079471789", "2085501132", "2103689772", "2105621954", "2108725060", "2111129400", "2132584293", "2165621152", "2326829042", "2501072069" ], "abstract": "this article uses the language of governance to explore the relationships between the eu and the states around the mediterranean against the background of multiple legal policy and institutional arrangements which have been created by the eu since 1995 to frame euro mediterranean relations the article considers how seemingly different priorities and methods come together of particular interest is the eu s stated goal of a partnership across the mediterranean which is promoted by the eu at the same time as it seeks to project its own values in the countries just beyond its borders the article considers the changing nature of the mediterranean within eu policy making as well as the eu s changing priorities which suggests incoherency but which instead underlines the central role of the eu in a euro mediterranean system of governance the positive connotations of the language of governance identified in the first part of the article are not fully present in the overlapping policy frames since the stated partnership between the two sides of the mediterranean in a system of governance is not borne out in practice", "title_raw": "EuroMed, European Neighbourhood Policy and the Union for the Mediterranean: Overlapping Policy Frames in the EU's Governance of the Mediterranean*", "abstract_raw": "This article uses the language of governance to explore the relationships between the EU and the states around the Mediterranean. Against the background of multiple legal, policy and institutional arrangements which have been created by the EU since 1995 to frame Euro\u2013Mediterranean relations, the article considers how seemingly different priorities and methods come together. Of particular interest is the EU's stated goal of a \u2018partnership\u2019 across the Mediterranean, which is promoted by the EU at the same time as it seeks to project its own values in the countries just beyond its borders. The article considers the changing nature of \u2018the Mediterranean\u2019 within EU policy-making, as well as the EU's changing priorities, which suggests incoherency but which instead underlines the central role of the EU in a Euro\u2013Mediterranean system of governance. The positive connotations of the language of governance (identified in the first part of the article) are not fully present in the overlapping policy frames since the stated \u2018partnership\u2019 between the two sides of the Mediterranean in a system of governance is not borne out in practice." }, { "paper": "2550342166", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2011", "title": "small arms big problems", "label": [ "120302604", "538168058" ], "author": [ "2627439356" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Small Arms, Big Problems", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1994984345", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2011", "title": "red to green environmental activism in post soviet russia", "label": [ "203404855" ], "author": [ "2988432179" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Red to Green: Environmental Activism in Post-Soviet Russia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2994034319", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2011", "title": "2011 apsa teaching and learning conference track summaries", "label": [ "11012388" ], "author": [ "2159456157", "2578469690", "2994223030", "2273755430" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the simulations and role play i track conducted a series of engaged discussions regarding what a successful simulation requires and what aspects are customizable given the wide variety of contexts in which a simulation may be used recognizing the presence of significant variance in available time institutional support both financial and technical student demographics and class size the track concluded that any successful simulation must include several core components which can be presented in a variety of ways chief among these components are a balance between providing necessary structure and allowing room for engaged student creativity and the need for thorough reflective debriefing", "title_raw": "2011 APSA Teaching and Learning Conference Track Summaries", "abstract_raw": "The Simulations and Role Play I track conducted a series of engaged discussions regarding what a successful simulation requires and what aspects are customizable, given the wide variety of contexts in which a simulation may be used. Recognizing the presence of significant variance in available time, institutional support (both financial and technical), student demographics, and class size, the track concluded that any successful simulation must include several core components, which can be presented in a variety of ways. Chief among these components are a balance between providing necessary structure and allowing room for engaged student creativity and the need for thorough, reflective debriefing." }, { "paper": "2069495453", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2011", "title": "scientific fraud europe must address research misconduct", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2107953743" ], "reference": [ "1997547029" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Scientific fraud: Europe must address research misconduct.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2098222729", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2011", "title": "civil war settlements and the prospects for peace", "label": [ "543051216", "203715995", "81631423", "199539241", "195064531", "120302604" ], "author": [ "2146997992", "2054509979" ], "reference": [ "45525005", "101771980", "190583006", "259436620", "583987705", "593240167", "1481812462", "1487635119", "1489540074", "1535773380", "1558788934", "2053895559", "2061618855", "2094736317", "2150148355" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Civil War Settlements and the Prospects for Peace", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122262048", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2011", "title": "how to review state court determinations of state law antecedent to federal rights", "label": [ "2776398702", "199539241" ], "author": [ "3123347343" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How To Review State Court Determinations of State Law Antecedent to Federal Rights", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2005758347", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2011", "title": "moving usaid forward", "label": [ "2780822617", "2776034101", "69828861", "87616379", "148834064", "2778348171", "2776742560", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2146565401" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "r shah s powerful editorial breakthroughs for development 22 july p 385 1 underscores the proud history of america s scientific and engineering contributions to development around the world many were privately funded and led many were stimulated by the united states agency for international development usaid yet usaid has drifted from its past strengths shah bluntly states that budget cuts and shifting mandates pulled the agency s focus away from emphasizing science and technology he implicitly refers to blizzards of congressional earmarks and to usaid s deliberate and consistent de emphasis on science over the past 30 years observers have repeatedly criticized these trends and recommended exactly what shah now sees as a priority for example 20 years ago in 1992 the carnegie commission on science technology and government argued for a new strategy for usaid and advocated critical roles for science and technology 1 2 just 5 years ago in 2007 the bipartisan congressional presidential help commission called for a new unit in usaid similar to the creative projects of the defense department s advanced research projects agency that would invest 50 million per year of patient capital i e federal government funding for innovative long range research dubbed patient because it may not yield immediate results 2 3 the reports sat on shelves no administration took the initiative little changed and the defects shah cites became worse one objection to vigorous u s science and technology cooperation is that developing countries such as china and india become competitors as they flourish with economic growth powered by science however such countries also become larger markets for u s exports and more capable partners in global goals such as protecting public health as the congress weighs paths to prudent austerity in the overall federal budget the scientific medical and engineering foundations of programs in foreign assistance are as important as such foundations are in defense let us move usaid out of its late 20th century ruts and into the 21st century s frontiers shah deserves our help 1 4 carnegie commission on science technology and government partnerships for global development the clearing horizon carnegie corporation of new york new york 1992 2 5 1 m k bush 2 c adelman 3 l hindery beyond assistance the help commission report on foreign assistance reform help commission act pl 108 199 washington dc 2007 1 http www sciencemag org content 333 6041 385 short 2 ref 1 3 ref 2 4 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 5 xref ref 2 1 view reference 2 in text", "title_raw": "Moving USAID forward.", "abstract_raw": "R. Shah's powerful editorial \u201cBreakthroughs for development\u201d (22 July, p. [385][1]) underscores the proud history of America's scientific and engineering contributions to development around the world. Many were privately funded and led; many were stimulated by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Yet USAID has drifted from its past strengths. Shah bluntly states that \u201cbudget cuts and shifting mandates pulled the agency's focus away from emphasizing science and technology.\u201d He implicitly refers to blizzards of congressional earmarks and to USAID's deliberate and consistent de-emphasis on science over the past 30 years.\n\nObservers have repeatedly criticized these trends and recommended exactly what Shah now sees as a priority. For example, 20 years ago, in 1992, the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government argued for a new strategy for USAID and advocated \u201ccritical roles for science and technology\u201d ([ 1 ][2]). Just 5 years ago, in 2007, the Bipartisan Congressional-Presidential HELP Commission called for a new unit in USAID, similar to the creative projects of the Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency, that would invest $50 million per year of \u201cpatient capital\u201d\u2014i.e., federal government funding for innovative long-range research (dubbed \u201cpatient\u201d because it may not yield immediate results) ([ 2 ][3]). The reports sat on shelves. No administration took the initiative. Little changed, and the defects Shah cites became worse.\n\nOne objection to vigorous U.S. science and technology cooperation is that developing countries such as China and India become competitors as they flourish with economic growth powered by science. However, such countries also become larger markets for U.S. exports and more capable partners in global goals, such as protecting public health.\n\nAs the Congress weighs paths to prudent austerity in the overall federal budget, the scientific, medical, and engineering foundations of programs in foreign assistance are as important as such foundations are in defense. Let us move USAID out of its late-20th-century ruts and into the 21st century's frontiers. Shah deserves our help.\n\n1. [\u21b5][4] Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government, \u201cPartnerships for global development: The clearing horizon\u201d (Carnegie Corporation of New York, New York, 1992).\n \n\n2. [\u21b5][5] 1. M. K. Bush, 2. C. Adelman, 3. L. Hindery\n , \u201cBeyond assistance: The HELP commission report on foreign assistance reform\u201d (HELP Commission Act PL 108-199, Washington, DC, 2007).\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6041/385.short\n [2]: #ref-1\n [3]: #ref-2\n [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1 in text\"\n [5]: #xref-ref-2-1 \"View reference 2 in text\"" }, { "paper": "3126039551", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2011", "title": "congress the supreme court and judicial review testing a constitutional separation of powers model", "label": [ "126053111", "158071213", "48764862", "199539241", "2778272461", "2777351106" ], "author": [ "2118822850", "1081387322", "1982096757" ], "reference": [ "84391417", "246849938", "561697185", "588535313", "1520209977", "1536322546", "1546143445", "1580899010", "1587375510", "1783158583", "1849466547", "1973819231", "1979100047", "1981932794", "1994705220", "2008599442", "2041562701", "2068164487", "2078263723", "2082280388", "2086552921", "2089763487", "2102470010", "2136239019", "2140205838", "2146128732", "2147386879", "2148798521", "2151496130", "2153140039", "2160260097", "2167664958", "2170002663", "2226185236", "2321465264", "2324500659", "2333564810", "2481781825", "2501458052", "2726368154", "2799838514", "3122230989", "3125895025", "3143713790", "3172654373" ], "abstract": "recentscholarshipsuggeststhattheu s supremecourtmightbeconstrainedbycongressinconstitutionalcases wesuggest two potential paths to congressional influence on the court s constitutional decisions a rational anticipation model in which the court moves away from its preferences in order to avoid being overruled and an institutional maintenance model in which the court protects itself against congressional attacks to its institutional prerogatives by scaling back its striking of laws when the distance between the court and congress increases we test these models by using common space scores and the original roll call votes to estimate support in the current congress for the original legislation and the court s preferences over that legislation we find that the court does not appear to consider the likelihood of override in constitutional cases but it does back away from striking laws when it is ideologically distant from congress", "title_raw": "Congress, the Supreme Court, and Judicial Review: Testing a Constitutional Separation of Powers Model", "abstract_raw": "RecentscholarshipsuggeststhattheU.S.SupremeCourtmightbeconstrainedbyCongressinconstitutionalcases.Wesuggest two potential paths to Congressional influence on the Court\u2019s constitutional decisions: a rational-anticipation model, in which the Court moves away from its preferences in order to avoid being overruled, and an institutional-maintenance model, in which the Court protects itself against Congressional attacks to its institutional prerogatives by scaling back its striking of laws when the distance between the Court and Congress increases. We test these models by using Common Space Scores and the original roll-call votes to estimate support in the current Congress for the original legislation and the Court\u2019s preferences over that legislation. We find that the Court does not appear to consider the likelihood of override in Constitutional cases, but it does back away from striking laws when it is ideologically distant from Congress." }, { "paper": "1526037410", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2011", "title": "situation in the republic of kenya", "label": [ "17319257", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1758352684" ], "reference": [ "1504394575", "2049967743", "2095243621", "2168435745", "2207523876" ], "abstract": "international criminal court pretrial chamber decision on the standard for the prosecutor to initiate investigations under the rome statute", "title_raw": "Situation in the Republic of Kenya", "abstract_raw": "International Criminal Court pretrial chamber decision on the standard for the prosecutor to initiate investigations under the Rome Statute" }, { "paper": "1994764561", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2011", "title": "how many universities are there in the united kingdom how many should there be", "label": [ "120912362", "3116431", "2776548248" ], "author": [ "2161110698" ], "reference": [ "284634615", "398258066", "575100299", "604139205", "1528090455", "1971073118", "1981887438", "1982741038", "1989800750", "2002460443", "2017910588", "2044018443", "2058387844", "2064036714", "2073555950", "2075392840", "2138804265", "2141369595", "2793913598", "2796590331" ], "abstract": "while the first of the questions posed in the title of this article may seem to involve a simple matter of enumeration it is more complex than that as the number of institutions in the united kingdom that perform at least some of the functions of a university has grown significantly in recent years the answer given for the end of the year 2010 is 108 138 or 162 depending upon the definitions adopted the second question involves more judgement and is explored comparatively both within the united kingdom and internationally geographically economically and historically", "title_raw": "How many universities are there in the United Kingdom? How many should there be?", "abstract_raw": "While the first of the questions posed in the title of this article may seem to involve a simple matter of enumeration, it is more complex than that, as the number of institutions in the United Kingdom that perform at least some of the functions of a university has grown significantly in recent years. The answer given (for the end of the year 2010) is 108, 138 or 162, depending upon the definitions adopted. The second question involves more judgement, and is explored comparatively\u2014both within the United Kingdom and internationally\u2014geographically, economically and historically." }, { "paper": "2074601121", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2011", "title": "development social norms and assignment to task", "label": [ "39549134", "2777388388", "153606108" ], "author": [ "1863826622" ], "reference": [ "561121423", "1499437518", "1501207927", "1530126805", "1532572131", "1543801066", "1551943766", "1577304365", "1584982610", "1599449303", "1858636142", "1979968159", "1982593017", "1988164196", "2003214452", "2024810644", "2034606455", "2035914448", "2044931215", "2052791218", "2060968254", "2062418474", "2062663664", "2069740589", "2086646423", "2088686646", "2089821993", "2090766907", "2095730098", "2098702513", "2105717288", "2106444372", "2111726427", "2114426049", "2123709325", "2146791221", "2166974667", "2171360788", "2313551483", "2314836613", "2341286060", "2477695667", "2800708464", "3022808291", "3121147769", "3121996352", "3122627385", "3122956576", "3122999121", "3123677830", "3125835784", "3125851273", "3126056200", "3142221335", "3148043649" ], "abstract": "economic development involves a structural transformation in the way people are allocated to tasks there is a shift from self provision to market exchange facilitating specialization there is also a shift from self employment to wage employment in large firms and organizations driven by innovation and increasing returns to scale changes in allocation mechanisms require changes in norms and attitudes because different labor assignment domains coexist conflicts arise among norms that apply to different domains possibly resulting in dysfunctional outcomes i argue that religion humanism and schools have all played an important historical role in fostering the changes in social norms and attitudes that are needed to accompany structural changes in the way economies allocate workers to tasks", "title_raw": "Development, social norms, and assignment to task", "abstract_raw": "Economic development involves a structural transformation in the way people are allocated to tasks. There is a shift from self-provision to market exchange, facilitating specialization. There is also a shift from self-employment to wage employment in large firms and organizations, driven by innovation and increasing returns to scale. Changes in allocation mechanisms require changes in norms and attitudes. Because different labor assignment domains coexist, conflicts arise among norms that apply to different domains, possibly resulting in dysfunctional outcomes. I argue that religion, humanism, and schools have all played an important historical role in fostering the changes in social norms and attitudes that are needed to accompany structural changes in the way economies allocate workers to tasks." }, { "paper": "1977579763", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2011", "title": "european societies form biomedical alliance", "label": [ "2779473830", "2778431023" ], "author": [ "2107776448" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "European societies form biomedical alliance", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2070407315", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2011", "title": "chronic misperception and international conflict the u s iraq experience", "label": [ "93377909", "199539241", "2778971194", "109511149" ], "author": [ "2716860167", "2148808699" ], "reference": [ "75330261", "220672748", "632645407", "1568717554", "1574225887", "1967428144", "1970120818", "1977544642", "1985524123", "1989665420", "1994811929", "1996212926", "2015411138", "2019264587", "2029015655", "2044131031", "2049739186", "2095906604", "2105444834", "2106437740", "2109312871", "2127492778", "2129568709", "2147382151", "2156361636", "2164166560", "2324863249", "2332210183", "2399852725", "2798429650", "2800288068", "2802613358" ], "abstract": "why did the united states and iraq find themselves in full scale conflict with each other in 1990 91 and 2003 and in almost constant low level hostilities during the years in between the situation was neither inevitable nor one that either side in full possession of all the relevant information about the other would have purposely engineered in short a classic instance of chronic misperception a combination of the psychological literature on perception and its pathologies with the almost unique firsthand access of one of the authors to the decisionmakers on both sides the former deputy head of the united nations weapons of mass destruction inspection mission in the 1990s the author of the definitive postwar account of iraqi wmd programs for which he and his team debriefed the top regime leadership and a washington insider in regular contact with all major foreign policy agencies of the u s government reveals the perceptions the united states and iraq held of each other as well as the biases mi", "title_raw": "Chronic Misperception and International Conflict: The U.S.-Iraq Experience", "abstract_raw": "Why did the United States and Iraq find themselves in full-scale conflict with each other in 1990\u201391 and 2003, and in almost constant low-level hostilities during the years in-between? The situation was neither inevitable nor one that either side, in full possession of all the relevant information about the other, would have purposely engineered: in short, a classic instance of chronic misperception. A combination of the psychological literature on perception and its pathologies with the almost unique firsthand access of one of the authors to the decisionmakers on both sides\u2014the former deputy head of the United Nations weapons of mass destruction inspection mission in the 1990s, the author of the definitive postwar account of Iraqi WMD programs for which he and his team debriefed the top regime leadership, and a Washington insider in regular contact with all major foreign policy agencies of the U.S. government\u2014reveals the perceptions the United States and Iraq held of each other, as well as the biases, mi..." }, { "paper": "2165830802", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2011", "title": "the strategy of non proliferation maintaining the credibility of an incredible pledge to disarm", "label": [ "194110935", "2780105426", "199539241", "2780224610", "60643870", "2780643141", "545171759" ], "author": [ "2721026667" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article criticises the leadership of the new nuclear disarmament movement in the united states for not going far enough whether the us administration actually wants to achieve disarmament or not implementing the current us nuclear policy agenda will not produce a world free of nuclear weapons rather it will reinvigorate an ailing non proliferation regime by adapting it to confront new nuclear threats this conclusion is based on a two part argument firstly nonproliferation is a strategy much like the cold war era strategy of extended deterrence just as extended deterrence required the us to maintain the credibility of an incredible threat to attack non proliferation requires the us to maintain the credibility of an incredible pledge to disarm thus re establishing disarmament as a credible long term goal of us nuclear policy will persuade other states in the short term to forgo nuclear weapons and cooperate in restricting access to fissile materials secondly contrary to the common sense interpretation of the relationship between non proliferation and disarmament it does not follow that a robust non proliferation regime will lead to the elimination of nuclear weapons in fact experience suggests just the opposite non proliferation does not lead to disarmament in conclusion whatever the obama administration s aim the current us nuclear policy will reduce the threat nuclear weapons pose to the us while obviating the need for the us to disarm itself", "title_raw": "The Strategy of Non-proliferation: Maintaining the Credibility of an Incredible Pledge to Disarm", "abstract_raw": "This article criticises the leadership of the new nuclear disarmament movement in the United States for not going far enough. Whether the US administration actually wants to achieve disarmament or not, implementing the current US nuclear policy agenda will not produce a world free of nuclear weapons. Rather, it will reinvigorate an ailing non-proliferation regime by adapting it to confront new nuclear threats. This conclusion is based on a two-part argument. Firstly, nonproliferation is a strategy much like the Cold War-era strategy of extended deterrence. Just as extended deterrence required the US to maintain the credibility of an incredible threat to attack, non-proliferation requires the US to maintain the credibility of an incredible pledge to disarm. Thus, re-establishing disarmament as a credible long-term goal of US nuclear policy will persuade other states in the short term to forgo nuclear weapons and cooperate in restricting access to fissile materials. Secondly, contrary to the common-sense interpretation of the relationship between non-proliferation and disarmament, it does not follow that a robust non-proliferation regime will lead to the elimination of nuclear weapons. In fact, experience suggests just the opposite: Non-proliferation does not lead to disarmament. In conclusion, whatever the Obama administration's aim, the current US nuclear policy will reduce the threat nuclear weapons pose to the US, while obviating the need for the US to disarm itself." }, { "paper": "2100736141", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2011", "title": "allies of the state china s private entrepreneurs and democratic change by jie chen and bruce j dickson cambridge ma harvard university press 2010 232p 45 00 in search of paradise middle class living in a chinese metropolis by li zhang ithaca ny cornell university press 2010 272p 79 95 cloth 23 95 paper", "label": [ "2776398702", "2777045944", "191935318", "2779233565", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2561198656" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Allies of the State: China's Private Entrepreneurs and Democratic Change . By Jie Chen and Bruce J. Dickson. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010. 232p. $45.00. - In Search of Paradise: Middle-Class Living in a Chinese Metropolis . By Li Zhang. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010. 272p. $79.95 cloth, $23.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2124549625", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2011", "title": "citizenship in an unequal world", "label": [ "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2152404955" ], "reference": [ "423443289", "1562271107", "1978818990", "1979991846", "2005125425", "2071035832", "2082570199", "2105484138", "2134041940", "2159333197", "2312944195" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Citizenship in an Unequal World", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2065495625", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2011", "title": "ethnic parties their emergence and political impact", "label": [ "94625758", "137403100" ], "author": [ "725428207" ], "reference": [ "2005474264", "2093935162", "2107992979", "2148948369", "2151780178", "2166029219" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ethnic parties: Their emergence and political impact:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2171463992", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2011", "title": "crime story the role of crime and immigration in the anti immigration vote", "label": [ "2780652975", "178429953", "70036468", "199539241", "2778521920" ], "author": [ "2211120120", "1967064584" ], "reference": [ "67332667", "218517904", "1500563071", "1511680983", "1537000133", "1550821671", "1558484812", "1982530905", "2017310233", "2017512561", "2021003966", "2022415346", "2027781606", "2029214329", "2030843909", "2041327213", "2050504332", "2058514915", "2064190555", "2068370029", "2074589553", "2075073888", "2087678545", "2104576549", "2116883814", "2118193764", "2124758339", "2125126908", "2134304653", "2135276538", "2142571362", "2143651417", "2144450384", "2145186724", "2147703902", "2148599137", "2151024509", "2151796435", "2153488810", "2157968420", "2165396007", "2167121898", "2167364286", "2167741137", "2327332664", "2609983602", "2751753487", "2801856483", "3125554979", "3125937743", "3141937853" ], "abstract": "some scholars have found that mass immigration fuels the success of anti immigration parties whereas others have found that it does not in this paper we propose a reason for these contradictory results we advance a set of hypotheses that revolves around a commonly ignored factor crime to test these hypotheses we examine a setting where an anti immigration party the lpf participated in simultaneous elections in all dutch municipalities which form a single constituency according to our results the impact of immigration rates on the individual vote for the lpf only manifests itself among those voters who are very tough on crime in addition we demonstrate that high local crime rates make an anti immigration vote more likely but only among voters who are very tough on immigration this suggests that immigration and crime rates do not make all citizens more likely to cast an anti immigration vote but only those who perceive a link between the two issues thus if one wishes to reduce anti immigration leaders electoral support countering their criminalization of immigrants may be a more fruitful strategy than trying to stop immigration if at all possible", "title_raw": "Crime Story: The role of crime and immigration in the anti-immigration vote", "abstract_raw": "Some scholars have found that mass immigration fuels the success of anti-immigration parties, whereas others have found that it does not. In this paper, we propose a reason for these contradictory results. We advance a set of hypotheses that revolves around a commonly ignored factor, crime. To test these hypotheses, we examine a setting where an anti-immigration party, the LPF, participated in simultaneous elections in all Dutch municipalities, which form a single constituency. According to our results, the impact of immigration rates on the individual vote for the LPF only manifests itself among those voters who are very \u2018tough on crime\u2019. In addition, we demonstrate that high local crime rates make an anti-immigration vote more likely, but only among voters who are very \u2018tough on immigration\u2019. This suggests that immigration and crime rates do not make all citizens more likely to cast an anti-immigration vote, but only those who perceive a link between the two issues. Thus, if one wishes to reduce anti-immigration leaders\u2019 electoral support, countering their criminalization of immigrants may be a more fruitful strategy than trying to stop immigration \u2013 if at all possible." }, { "paper": "2024793413", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2011", "title": "when corruption fights back democracy and elite interest in nigeria s anti corruption war", "label": [ "3116431", "109986646", "94625758", "148834064", "201342494", "2775987171", "555826173" ], "author": [ "1463838731", "16074148" ], "reference": [ "410577335", "427280077", "629063669", "642042805", "643831548", "646885411", "648085253", "649542629", "1494775825", "1499164547", "1504183079", "1532929404", "1537733622", "1585709543", "1588048360", "1592557837", "1594489615", "1598139814", "1708527594", "1972908739", "1974082037", "1989676765", "1996900170", "2024393213", "2025872058", "2030781659", "2031496465", "2031711634", "2034775883", "2056697270", "2058025562", "2063055808", "2063599303", "2065664553", "2067744655", "2087189185", "2088535757", "2101345083", "2104880019", "2107729441", "2108302576", "2109902607", "2125993123", "2126889012", "2143025561", "2166145060", "2797455728", "3122678374" ], "abstract": "this essay analyses the construction of the anti corruption war under the civilian government in nigeria between 1999 and 2008 we consolidate existing insights in the literature in three key ways first we show that in democratising contexts like nigeria the gravest threats to anti corruption campaigns often emanate from a combination of intra elite rancour and political intrigue second we provide an explanation of what happens when literally corruption fights back finally we suggest that where anti corruption efforts are not backed by other radical institutional reforms they fall prey to the overall endemic systemic crisis a part of which ab initio necessitated the anti corruption war", "title_raw": "When corruption fights back: democracy and elite interest in Nigeria's anti-corruption war *", "abstract_raw": "This essay analyses the construction of the anti-corruption war under the civilian government in Nigeria between 1999 and 2008. We consolidate existing insights in the literature in three key ways. First, we show that in democratising contexts like Nigeria, the gravest threats to anti-corruption campaigns often emanate from a combination of intra-elite rancour and political intrigue. Second, we provide an explanation of what happens when, literally, corruption fights back. Finally, we suggest that where anti-corruption efforts are not backed by other radical institutional reforms, they fall prey to the overall endemic (systemic) crisis, a part of which, ab initio , necessitated the anti-corruption war." }, { "paper": "2040388549", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2011", "title": "european court of justice rejects stem cell patents", "label": [ "50688660", "55447825", "199539241", "66487177" ], "author": [ "2106465385" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "European Court of Justice rejects stem-cell patents", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2054202203", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2011", "title": "ethnicity and party preference in sub saharan africa", "label": [ "2777363581", "555826173", "94625758", "137403100", "125505783" ], "author": [ "145787531", "2251443324", "2683388422", "2289774726" ], "reference": [ "421391543", "627649530", "1509292812", "1511361817", "1515031253", "1555758481", "1590963566", "1972908739", "1975264861", "2006154336", "2009595209", "2029719047", "2037035214", "2037597622", "2040334572", "2047146065", "2055109699", "2065715618", "2075830575", "2076804898", "2080360912", "2096474464", "2119210910", "2130630362", "2133994318", "2136183491", "2138997834", "2142243724", "2148948369", "2165924523", "2171890140", "2187547447", "2290252416", "2324440273", "2561929231", "2575706964", "3156121090" ], "abstract": "recent research has questioned the notion that ethnicity is the main determinant of party preference in sub saharan africa drawing on data from representative survey polls in eight anglophone and francophone sub saharan countries multinomial and binary logit regressions confirm that ethnicity counts but does not explain party preference as a whole more importantly we find that the relevance of ethnicity varies substantially from country to country looking at possible effects there is little evidence that ethnicized party systems harm democracy discussing possible structural institutional and historical determinants of the role of ethnicity in party politics tentative results suggest that specific integrative cultural features low ethnic polarization one party dominance and a historical non mobilization of ethnicity might thwart the politicization of ethnicity future research should focus on the interaction of several factors and how processes of ethnic mobilization evolve historically", "title_raw": "Ethnicity and party preference in sub-Saharan Africa", "abstract_raw": "Recent research has questioned the notion that ethnicity is the main determinant of party preference in sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing on data from representative survey polls in eight anglophone and francophone sub-Saharan countries, multinomial and binary logit regressions confirm that ethnicity counts but does not explain party preference as a whole. More importantly we find that the relevance of ethnicity varies substantially from country to country. Looking at possible effects, there is little evidence that \u2018ethnicized\u2019 party systems harm democracy; discussing possible structural, institutional and historical determinants of the role of ethnicity in party politics, tentative results suggest that specific integrative cultural features, low ethnic polarization, one-party dominance and a historical non-mobilization of ethnicity might thwart the politicization of ethnicity. Future research should focus on the interaction of several factors and how processes of ethnic mobilization evolve historically." }, { "paper": "1973962981", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2011", "title": "celebrating the culture of science", "label": [ "65916561", "44877443", "94625758", "543908354", "205112559", "2781400479", "70789860", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2250757510", "2791544643" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "there is an increasing worldwide consensus on the vital importance of science for personal social economic and political development this has spurred many countries to increase their investments in science and technology but funding research is not enough nations must also promote cultures that celebrate science and its values of reasoning openness tolerance and respect for evidence just as they celebrate the arts and humanities that enrich everyone s lives not only formal education but informal outreach is critical in achieving this goal today there is a great deal of creative experimentation with different methods of engaging the public with science our own experiences in organizing science festivals in the united states and egypt illustrate the potential of one important form of public engagement", "title_raw": "Celebrating the culture of science.", "abstract_raw": "There is an increasing worldwide consensus on the vital importance of Science for personal, social, economic, and political development. This has spurred many countries to increase their investments in science and technology. But funding research is not enough: Nations must also promote cultures that celebrate science and its values of reasoning, openness, tolerance, and respect for evidence, just as they celebrate the arts and humanities that enrich everyone's lives. Not only formal education but informal outreach is critical in achieving this goal. Today, there is a great deal of creative experimentation with different methods of engaging the public with science. Our own experiences in organizing science festivals in the United States and Egypt illustrate the potential of one important form of public engagement." }, { "paper": "2065201003", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2011", "title": "prime minister and foreign secretary the dual role of james ramsay macdonald in 1924", "label": [ "199539241", "148834064", "7991579", "93377909", "2777652736", "48798503" ], "author": [ "2678554280" ], "reference": [ "587038527", "611648445", "625773577", "626859277", "652149359", "1560285225", "1600303673", "1800479977", "1970227608", "1976107193", "2128611223", "2169462798", "2323243910", "2334988575", "2415896735", "2798664735", "2799193220", "2799927274", "2971257997" ], "abstract": "the career and reputation of james ramsay macdonald are generally influenced by his actions in 1931 and yet as donald cameron watt has stated it is not really possible to blackguard him for 1931 without having to cast aspersions on his extraordinary achievements earlier on this article examines some of these extraordinary achievements by considering the role of macdonald himself in the formation and leading of the 1924 minority labour government it considers the difficulty he experienced in creating a cabinet from colleagues whom he generally considered to be unsuitable and incapable and which led him to become both prime minister and foreign secretary he faced criticism from many in his party for his failure to implement a measure of socialist reforms yet given the nature of the domestic problems with which his government was faced and the tenuous nature of this government held in place as it was by a fractured liberal party this failure is scarcely surprising however this article maintains that in foreign policy and in his powerful joint role macdonald s reputation in 1924 really can be described as outstanding", "title_raw": "Prime minister and foreign secretary: the dual role of James Ramsay MacDonald in 1924", "abstract_raw": "The career and reputation of James Ramsay MacDonald are generally influenced by his actions in 1931, and yet, as Donald Cameron Watt has stated, it is \u2018not really possible to blackguard him for 1931 without having to cast aspersions on his extraordinary achievements earlier on\u2019. This article examines some of these \u2018extraordinary\u2019 achievements by considering the role of MacDonald himself in the formation and leading of the 1924 minority Labour Government. It considers the difficulty he experienced in creating a Cabinet from colleagues whom he generally considered to be unsuitable and incapable, and which led him to become both Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary. He faced criticism from many in his party for his failure to implement a measure of socialist reforms, yet given the nature of the domestic problems with which his government was faced, and the tenuous nature of this government, held in place, as it was, by a fractured Liberal Party, this \u2018failure\u2019 is scarcely surprising. However, this article maintains that in foreign policy, and in his powerful joint role, MacDonald's reputation in 1924 really can be described as outstanding." }, { "paper": "2317590062", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2011", "title": "can overreporting in surveys be reduced evidence from israel s municipal elections", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2078667134", "2208810368" ], "reference": [ "1523837096", "1974269013", "1986154830", "2048424507", "2057987167", "2071018780", "2074188564", "2075594970", "2082540182", "2082550970", "2099995880", "2105473974", "2115375684", "2126164508", "2143856789", "2162090071", "2163361839", "2170771920", "2184015064", "2272492035", "2301467965", "2321547989", "3035859652" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Can Overreporting in Surveys be Reduced? Evidence from Israel's Municipal Elections", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2129498279", "venue": "32314625", "year": "2011", "title": "family policies in oecd countries a comparative analysis", "label": [ "3020650785", "2781316041" ], "author": [ "2503017386" ], "reference": [ "30770794", "91036004", "101034005", "170116611", "207365927", "605883790", "1492385259", "1502691186", "1529229347", "1559237076", "1591599576", "1631917172", "1860751957", "1965473027", "1976173057", "1977009518", "1986108524", "1994626059", "1997821369", "2039628408", "2059344652", "2070827415", "2098729391", "2103713658", "2103826599", "2107881288", "2118390942", "2126696147", "2132144753", "2133097426", "2140930388", "2166557186", "2169199022", "2171386755", "2184272981", "2233547575", "2275503552", "2304324113", "2490593478", "2990276899", "3122044193", "3124252992", "3126113220", "3147399813" ], "abstract": "this article discusses the diversity of family policy models in 28 oecd countries in terms of the balance between their different objectives and the mix of instruments adopted to implement the policies cross country policy differences are investigated by applying a principal component analysis to comprehensive country level data from the oecd family database covering variables such as parental leave conditions childcare service provision and fnancial support to families the results fnd persistent differences in the family policy patterns embedded in different contexts of work family outcomes country classifcations of family policy packages only partially corroborate categorizations in earlier studies owing to considerable within group heterogeneity and the presence of group outliers the nordic countries outdistance the others with comprehensive support to working parents with very young children anglo saxon countries provide much less support for working parents with very young children and fnancial support is targeted on low income and large families and focuses on preschool and early elementary education continental and eastern european countries form a more heterogeneous group while the support received by families in southern europe and in asian countries is much lower in all its dimensions", "title_raw": "Family Policies in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis", "abstract_raw": "This article discusses the diversity of family policy models in 28 oecd countries in terms of the balance between their different objectives and the mix of instruments adopted to implement the policies. cross-country policy differences are investigated by applying a principal component analysis to comprehensive country-level data from the oecd Family database covering variables such as parental leave conditions, childcare service provision, and fnancial support to families. the results fnd persistent differences in the family policy patterns embedded in different contexts of work-family \u201coutcomes.\u201d country classifcations of family policy packages only partially corroborate categorizations in earlier studies, owing to considerable within-group heterogeneity and the presence of group outliers. the nordic countries outdistance the others with comprehensive support to working parents with very young children. anglo-Saxon countries provide much less support for working parents with very young children, and fnancial support is targeted on low-income and large families and focuses on preschool and early elementary education. continental and eastern european countries form a more heterogeneous group, while the support received by families in Southern europe and in asian countries is much lower in all its dimensions." }, { "paper": "2162087667", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2011", "title": "development assistance for health trends and prospects", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2316804223", "2892996722", "2048585480", "2069247219", "2811147883", "2099567008", "2304854782" ], "reference": [ "631714011", "2129499530" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Development assistance for health: trends and prospects", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2030326834", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2011", "title": "the costs and benefits of immigration", "label": [ "148834064", "2780623907", "2777617010", "70036468", "122445209", "94625758", "109986646", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2146223366" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "few things are more controversial than immigration the flood of illegal immigrants across u s borders enrages many native born residents people worry that immigrants compete for jobs unfairly draw on government benefits and fundamentally alter the social fabric of america they fear that our culture is losing its distinctive character due to non english speaking foreigners who move to the united states and do not integrate into mainstream social and political life part of this anxiety is rooted in ethnocentrism and group animus citizens do not like immigrants who look or act differently from themselves as donald kinder and cindy kam have noted in their recent book ethnocentrism is common in a number of different societies people divide themselves into in groups and out groups and these types of us versus them distinctions color public opinion and make it difficult to develop balanced public policies other observers are concerned about immigration because they view the material costs of open door policies as broad based while the benefits are concentrated as argued by researcher gary freeman the impact of open policies falls on disadvantaged workers who feel their wages are depressed by newcomers and on taxpayers who worry about a drain on public resources while the benefits accrue to small groups of successful immigrants who get good jobs and some businesses that gain the skills of new arrivals", "title_raw": "The Costs and Benefits of Immigration", "abstract_raw": "Few things are more controversial than immigration. The flood of illegal immigrants across U.S. borders enrages many native-born residents. People worry that immigrants compete for jobs, unfairly draw on government benefits, and fundamentally alter the social fabric of America. They fear that our culture is losing its distinctive character due to non-English-speaking foreigners who move to the United States and do not integrate into mainstream social and political life. Part of this anxiety is rooted in ethnocentrism and group animus. Citizens do not like immigrants who look or act differently from themselves. As Donald Kinder and Cindy Kam have noted in their recent book, ethnocentrism is common in a number of different societies. People divide themselves into \u201cin-groups\u201d and \u201cout-groups\u201d and these types of \u201cus versus them\u201d distinctions color public opinion and make it difficult to develop balanced public policies. Other observers are concerned about immigration because they view the material costs of open-door policies as broad-based, while the benefits are concentrated. As argued by researcher Gary Freeman, the impact of open policies falls on disadvantaged workers who feel their wages are depressed by newcomers and on taxpayers who worry about a drain on public resources, while the benefits accrue to small groups of successful immigrants who get good jobs and some businesses that gain the skills of new arrivals." }, { "paper": "2011826684", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2011", "title": "the ant who learned to be an elephant", "label": [ "2777352838", "71750763" ], "author": [ "723650446" ], "reference": [ "2029015150", "2161830270" ], "abstract": "in 1998 the european and developing countries clinical trials partnership established regional networks of excellence in sub saharan africa to strengthen research capacity for clinical trials on tuberculosis hiv aids and malaria 1 through this program the faculty of health sciences of the university marien ngouabi of brazzaville like a poor tiny ant in an african tale prepared to partner with a magnificent elephant the university of tubingen in germany the elephant is beautiful muscular and respected by all the animals in the jungle the ant is small and ignored could an ant possibly build a strong relationship with an elephant this ant was going to try figure 1 credit joe sutliff www cdad com joe first the ant sought national authorization to conduct a clinical research project that would develop baseline studies and collect baseline data necessary for future clinical trials after submitting the research protocol the ant waited 15 long months for approval by congo s only institutional ethics committee and two more months for authorization from the ministry of health a 17 month delay could compromise the rest of the project thought the ant with alarm the work plan was often misunderstood and as the ant explained again and again how the money would be used to address specifi c challenges she worried that the elephant would move on and leave her behind the ant realized that a good research team must be multidisciplinary consisting of junior and seniors scientists selected by an experienced panel from a list of qualifi ed applicants this would be a challenge in a place with limited postgraduate academic opportunities to overcome this limitation the ant launched an open call for applications the other animals in the jungle viewed the ant s new approach with suspicion to invest in infrastructure the ant renovated an abandoned facility into the first molecular biology laboratory of the faculty of health sciences and then equipped it now the other animals started to appreciate the ant s hard work they congratulated her for the change and encouraged her to maintain the spirit to create a culture of research the ant had to be thoughtful and innovative she stimulated scientifi c discussions by implementing regular scientific meetings but how would she attract students and scientists to these meetings and foster interest and loyalty the ant formed brigades of students to urge others to participate a year later the seminar room was always filled with an enthusiastic audience once she had met these challenges the ant invited the elephant to her home to share a cup of tea she told him about all of her accomplishments and showed him the new facilities when the elephant returned home he was smiling and convinced and he wondered what kind of ant is this this ant who acts like an elephant it was just as the ant had hoped next the ant hopes to sustain positive momentum and establish stable local research teams that will regularly publish in international scientific journals 2 the moral of the story for young congolese scientists wondering how to contribute scientifically to their country the metamorphosis from tiny ant to majestic elephant is possible but it will require time cunning and determination 1 1 e dolgin 2 et al nat med 16 8 2010 openurl 2 pubmed 3 2 1 f ntoumi 2 g priebe malaria j 9 supplement 3 s7 2010 1 pending yes 2 openurl query rft jtitle 253dnature 2bmedicine 26rft stitle 253dnat 2bmed 26rft aulast 253ddolgin 26rft auinit1 253de 26rft volume 253d16 26rft issue 253d1 26rft spage 253d8 26rft epage 253d8 26rft atitle 253dafrican 2bnetworks 2blaunch 2bto 2bboost 2bclinical 2btrial 2bcapacity 26rft id 253dinfo 253apmid 252f20057398 26rft genre 253darticle 26rft val fmt 253dinfo 253aofi 252ffmt 253akev 253amtx 253ajournal 26ctx ver 253dz39 88 2004 26url ver 253dz39 88 2004 26url ctx fmt 253dinfo 253aofi 252ffmt 253akev 253amtx 253actx 3 lookup external ref access num 20057398 link type med atom 2fsci 2f333 2f6051 2f1824 4 atom", "title_raw": "The Ant Who Learned to Be an Elephant", "abstract_raw": "IN 1998, THE EUROPEAN AND DEVELOPING Countries Clinical Trials Partnership established regional networks of excellence in sub- Saharan Africa to strengthen research capacity for clinical trials on tuberculosis, HIV/ AIDS, and malaria ( 1 ). Through this program, the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University Marien Ngouabi of Brazzaville, like a poor, tiny Ant in an African tale, prepared to partner with a magnificent Elephant: the University of Tubingen in Germany. The Elephant is beautiful, muscular, and respected by all the animals in the jungle. The Ant is small and ignored. Could an Ant possibly build a strong relationship with an Elephant? This Ant was going to try.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: JOE SUTLIFF/WWW.CDAD.COM/JOE\n\nFirst, the Ant sought national authorization to conduct a clinical research project that would develop baseline studies and collect baseline data necessary for future clinical trials. After submitting the research protocol, the Ant waited 15 long months for approval by Congo's only Institutional Ethics Committee, and two more months for authorization from the Ministry of Health. A 17-month delay could compromise the rest of the project, thought the Ant with alarm. The work plan was often misunderstood, and as the Ant explained again and again how the money would be used to address specifi c challenges, she worried that the Elephant would move on and leave her behind.\n\nThe Ant realized that a good research team must be multidisciplinary, consisting of junior and seniors scientists selected by an experienced panel from a list of qualifi ed applicants. This would be a challenge in a place with limited postgraduate academic opportunities. To overcome this limitation, the Ant launched an open call for applications. The other animals in the jungle viewed the Ant's new approach with suspicion.\n\nTo invest in infrastructure, the Ant renovated an abandoned facility into the first molecular biology laboratory of the Faculty of Health Sciences, and then equipped it. Now the other animals started to appreciate the Ant's hard work. They congratulated her for the change and encouraged her to maintain the spirit.\n\nTo create a culture of research, the Ant had to be thoughtful and innovative. She stimulated scientifi c discussions by implementing regular scientific meetings. But how would she attract students and scientists to these meetings and foster interest and loyalty? The Ant formed brigades of students to urge others to participate. A year later, the seminar room was always filled with an enthusiastic audience.\n\nOnce she had met these challenges, the Ant invited the Elephant to her home to share a cup of tea. She told him about all of her accomplishments, and showed him the new facilities. When the Elephant returned home, he was smiling and convinced. And he wondered, \u201cWhat kind of Ant is this, this Ant who acts like an Elephant?\u201d\n\nIt was just as the Ant had hoped. Next, the Ant hopes to sustain positive momentum and establish stable local research teams that will regularly publish in international scientific journals (2). The moral of the story: For young Congolese scientists wondering how to contribute scientifically to their country, the metamorphosis from tiny Ant to majestic Elephant is possible, but it will require time, cunning, and determination.\n\n1. 1. E. Dolgin 2. et al\n ., Nat. Med 16, 8 (2010).\n [OpenUrl][2][PubMed][3]\n\n2. 1. F. Ntoumi, 2. G. Priebe\n , Malaria J. 9, (supplement 3) S7 (2010).\n\n [1]: pending:yes\n [2]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNature%2Bmedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNat%2BMed%26rft.aulast%253DDolgin%26rft.auinit1%253DE.%26rft.volume%253D16%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D8%26rft.epage%253D8%26rft.atitle%253DAfrican%2Bnetworks%2Blaunch%2Bto%2Bboost%2Bclinical%2Btrial%2Bcapacity.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F20057398%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\n [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=20057398&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F333%2F6051%2F1824.4.atom" }, { "paper": "2375619937", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2011", "title": "research on the inequity of compulsory education infrastructure for migrant children in beijing a case study of fengtai district", "label": [ "2779791860", "2778304055" ], "author": [ "2675889011" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "based on social geographic perspective this paper uses spatial mismatch methodology to measure the inequity of compulsory education infrastructure for migrant children in beijing prefecture and fengtai district results show that migrant children s education needs and compulsory education infrastructure have a very strong spatial mismatch whether in prefectual district and neighborhood level thus this paper suggests that not only the number of urban children but the number of migration children as well should be taken into consideration when school zone is being formulated it also suggests that more compulsory education infrastructure should be built in urban fringe areas and more commuting ways such as school bus should be used to improve the accessibility of compulsory education infrastructure so that more migration children can go to school as near as possible", "title_raw": "Research on the Inequity of Compulsory Education Infrastructure for Migrant Children in Beijing:A Case Study of Fengtai District", "abstract_raw": "Based on social geographic perspective,this paper uses spatial mismatch methodology to measure the inequity of compulsory education infrastructure for migrant children in Beijing prefecture and Fengtai District.Results show that migrant children's education needs and compulsory education infrastructure have a very strong spatial mismatch whether in prefectual,district and neighborhood level.Thus this paper suggests that not only the number of urban children but the number of migration children as well should be taken into consideration when school zone is being formulated.It also suggests that more compulsory education infrastructure should be built in urban fringe areas and more commuting ways such as school bus should be used to improve the accessibility of compulsory education infrastructure so that more migration children can go to school as near as possible." }, { "paper": "2334674132", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2011", "title": "the quality of freedom khodorkovsky putin and the yukos affair by richard sakwa oxford oxford university press 2009 426p 44 95", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2463675566" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Quality of Freedom: Khodorkovsky, Putin, and the Yukos Affair . By Richard Sakwa. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 426p. $44.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2350320367", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2011", "title": "essay of attending the fifth session of the world urban forum", "label": [ "2780423321", "86532276" ], "author": [ "2654178714" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the fifth session of the world urban forum wuf was held in rio de janeiro by the un habitat from 22 to 26 march 2010 the ministry of housing and urban rural development sent its delegation to participate the biennial urban event the paper introduced the brief history of wuf and the wuf s theme program main dialogue meeting and interesting features finally comment and evaluation was made for the forum and its achievements", "title_raw": "Essay of Attending the Fifth Session of the World Urban Forum", "abstract_raw": "The Fifth Session of the World Urban Forum(WUF) was held in Rio de Janeiro by the UN-Habitat,from 22 to 26 March 2010.The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development sent its delegation to participate the biennial urban event.The paper introduced the brief history of WUF,and the WUF's theme,program,main dialogue meeting and interesting features.Finally,comment and evaluation was made for the Forum and its achievements." }, { "paper": "2022234784", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2011", "title": "europe unveils radical plan to reform fishing industry", "label": [ "514101110", "24061886", "508466165" ], "author": [ "2343143953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "on 13 july the european commission launched what it called a radical effort to reform flawed fisheries policies that have led to decades of overfishing plummeting catches and extensive damage to marine ecosystems the reforms which would require e u nations to reduce fishing for some valuable species and bar captains from dumping low value trash fish overboard are grounded in years of advice from fisheries scientists if the reforms are accepted research would play a more important role in future decisions on how much fishing to allow but the proposals are already intensely controversial", "title_raw": "Europe Unveils 'Radical' Plan to Reform Fishing Industry", "abstract_raw": "On 13 July, the European Commission launched what it called a \"radical\" effort to reform flawed fisheries policies that have led to decades of overfishing, plummeting catches, and extensive damage to marine ecosystems. The reforms\u2014which would require E.U. nations to reduce fishing for some valuable species and bar captains from dumping low-value \"trash fish\" overboard\u2014are grounded in years of advice from fisheries scientists. If the reforms are accepted, research would play a more important role in future decisions on how much fishing to allow. But the proposals are already intensely controversial." }, { "paper": "1536165858", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2011", "title": "can it be that the chinese people deserve only party led democracy", "label": [ "555826173", "26834231", "2775984563", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2571562814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Can It Be That the Chinese People Deserve Only \"Party-Led Democracy\"?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2049309994", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2011", "title": "two dimensions to economic incorporation soviet immigrants in the israeli labour market", "label": [ "506295513", "137403100", "70036468" ], "author": [ "1009920504", "1952981822" ], "reference": [ "10522725", "1551105296", "1604213495", "1986493828", "1988071818", "2004447924", "2005636976", "2064555592", "2080859612", "2081155538", "2082390865", "2092143998", "2092152238", "2107173772", "2115220739", "2118832646", "2123814310", "2159512278", "2168959422", "3122080177" ], "abstract": "this paper examines the economic integration of immigrants from the former soviet union into the israeli labour market in terms of occupational and earnings mobility i e decreasing occupational and earnings disparities in comparison with several israeli jewish sub populations using data from annual income surveys conducted by the israel bureau of statistics between the years 1995 and 2006 we find little occupational and earnings mobility of soviet immigrants throughout the period and substantial occupational and earnings disadvantages compared to all jewish sub populations especially when compared to jews of european american origin the findings are discussed in light of the assimilation model suggesting that the social and economic circumstances associated with the arrival of soviet immigrants in israel have long lasting detrimental consequences for their economic assimilation", "title_raw": "Two Dimensions to Economic Incorporation: Soviet Immigrants in the Israeli Labour Market", "abstract_raw": "This paper examines the economic integration of immigrants from the Former Soviet Union into the Israeli labour market in terms of occupational and earnings mobility (i.e. decreasing occupational and earnings disparities) in comparison with several Israeli Jewish sub-populations. Using data from annual Income Surveys conducted by the Israel Bureau of Statistics between the years 1995 and 2006, we find little occupational and earnings mobility of Soviet immigrants throughout the period and substantial occupational and earnings disadvantages compared to all Jewish sub-populations (especially when compared to Jews of European/American origin). The findings are discussed in light of the assimilation model, suggesting that the social and economic circumstances associated with the arrival of Soviet immigrants in Israel have long-lasting, detrimental consequences for their economic assimilation." }, { "paper": "2592158988", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2011", "title": "the akp s underwhelming victory", "label": [ "2779220109" ], "author": [ "1971772190" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The AKP's Underwhelming Victory", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2046086596", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2011", "title": "robert jan smits on tearing down silos horizon 2020 s chances and solving his headache", "label": [ "2776034101", "2781440851" ], "author": [ "1974920718" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "with the european commission launching its proposal for the horizon 2020 research program last week science talked with one of its architects the european union s director general for research robert jan smits a long standing commission official who is popular with researchers smits can now look forward to a year of explaining lobbying and cajoling to persuade the union s parliament and 27 member states to back the ambitious 80 billion program", "title_raw": "Robert-Jan Smits: On Tearing Down Silos, Horizon 2020's Chances, and Solving His 'Headache'", "abstract_raw": "With the European Commission launching its proposal for the Horizon 2020 research program last week, Science talked with one of its architects: the European Union's director-general for research, Robert-Jan Smits. A long-standing commission official who is popular with researchers, Smits can now look forward to a year of explaining, lobbying, and cajoling to persuade the union's parliament and 27 member states to back the ambitious \u20ac80 billion program." }, { "paper": "1904416953", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2011", "title": "new ways into the future the authors meet critics initiative", "label": [ "3116431", "2781208120", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2038434300" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the article introduces this journal s authors meet critics initiative which will offer eight online seminars in 2011 including slumdog cities rethinking subaltern urbanism on october 26 place exclusion and mortgage markets on november 22 and state and society in local governance lessons from a multilevel comparison on december 13", "title_raw": "New Ways into the Future: The \u2018Authors Meet Critics\u2019 Initiative", "abstract_raw": "The article introduces this journal's Authors Meet Critics initiative which will offer eight online seminars in 2011 including \"Slumdog Cities: Rethinking Subaltern Urbanism\" on October 26, \"Place, Exclusion and Mortgage Markets\" on November 22, and \"State and Society in Local Governance: Lessons from a Multilevel Comparison\" on December 13." }, { "paper": "2330548177", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2011", "title": "top flight safety model for nuclear industry", "label": [ "2777492932" ], "author": [ "2368777891" ], "reference": [ "2043757302" ], "abstract": "in their policy forum preventing future fukushimas 16 september p 1580 1 m bunn and o heinonen suggest that the nuclear industry must rebuild public confidence to do so we should study models of successful accident prevention including independent and transparent regulation the aviation industry is one example in april 2011 a tear appeared in the fuselage skin of southwest airlines flight 812 unlike the nuclear industry which ignored growing knowledge about the increased risks of tsunamis and earthquakes for three decades 1 2 the aviation industry s response was immediate 80 similar boeing 737 300s were grounded within about 100 hours the federal aviation administration had a detailed emergency airworthiness directive issued covering 737 series 300 400 and 500 aircraft 2 3 we should determine what lessons from aviation can be applied to the nuclear industry nasa runs a confidential aviation safety reporting system should a parallel be set up for those in the nuclear industry research that spans technologies and industries could help identify the general principles of effective accident prevention 1 4 1 j noggerath 2 r j geller 3 v k gusiakov bull atom sci 67 37 2011 openurl 5 2 6 federal aviation administration transport airplane directorate aircraft certification service emergency airworthiness directive ad 2011 08 51 5 april 2011 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 1209668 2 ref 1 3 ref 2 4 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 5 openurl query rft jtitle 253dbull 2batom 2bsci 26rft volume 253d67 26rft spage 253d37 26rft genre 253darticle 26rft val fmt 253dinfo 253aofi 252ffmt 253akev 253amtx 253ajournal 26ctx ver 253dz39 88 2004 26url ver 253dz39 88 2004 26url ctx fmt 253dinfo 253aofi 252ffmt 253akev 253amtx 253actx 6 xref ref 2 1 view reference 2 in text", "title_raw": "Top-flight safety model for nuclear industry.", "abstract_raw": "In their Policy Forum \u201cPreventing Future Fukushimas\u201d (16 September, p. [1580][1]), M. Bunn and O. Heinonen suggest that the nuclear industry must \u201crebuild public confidence.\u201d To do so, we should study models of successful accident prevention, including independent and transparent regulation. The aviation industry is one example. In April 2011, a tear appeared in the fuselage skin of Southwest Airlines Flight 812. Unlike the nuclear industry, which ignored growing knowledge about the increased risks of tsunamis and earthquakes for three decades ([ 1 ][2]), the aviation industry's response was immediate: 80 similar Boeing 737-300s were grounded. Within about 100 hours, the Federal Aviation Administration had a detailed Emergency Airworthiness Directive issued covering 737 series 300, 400, and 500 aircraft ([ 2 ][3]). We should determine what lessons from aviation can be applied to the nuclear industry. NASA runs a confidential Aviation Safety Reporting System\u2014should a parallel be set up for those in the nuclear industry? Research that spans technologies and industries could help identify the general principles of effective accident prevention.\n\n1. [\u21b5][4]1. J. Noggerath, 2. R. J. Geller, 3. V. K. Gusiakov\n , Bull. Atom. Sci. 67, 37 (2011).\n [OpenUrl][5]\n\n2. [\u21b5][6]Federal Aviation Administration, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service, Emergency Airworthiness Directive AD 2011-08-51 (5 April 2011).\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1209668\n [2]: #ref-1\n [3]: #ref-2\n [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1 in text\"\n [5]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBull.%2BAtom.%2BSci.%26rft.volume%253D67%26rft.spage%253D37%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\n [6]: #xref-ref-2-1 \"View reference 2 in text\"" }, { "paper": "1983205710", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2011", "title": "national parties as politicizers of eu integration party campaign communication in the run up to the 2009 european parliament election", "label": [ "186229450", "45184978", "2781440851", "94625758", "90508534", "2778348292", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2210791230", "2567023752" ], "reference": [ "84587044", "154291360", "310458506", "432990151", "560007879", "646409225", "1534202054", "1537426998", "1594776162", "1963501390", "1963786818", "1966989238", "1969337952", "1988343507", "1997183467", "2000165936", "2007726752", "2022736072", "2031631664", "2053979181", "2054464959", "2062662966", "2087321963", "2097852520", "2110388278", "2111833431", "2113254519", "2114174882", "2131804206", "2139234963", "2143755459", "2155431763", "2157968420", "2191073355", "2252687155", "2391287435", "2624840863", "2788009413", "2797676887" ], "abstract": "in this article we seek to understand whether how and under what conditions political parties publicly articulate matters of european integration and encourage contestation over europe based on a content analysis of parties televised advertising spots during the 2009 european parliament ep election campaign in six countries bulgaria the czech republic germany the netherlands spain the united kingdom we find evidence that european union eu issues and actors are more prominent on the campaign agenda in countries with many eurosceptic parties eurosceptic and non eurosceptic parties co orient themselves towards each other in their eu articulation finally contestation over europe exists in the realm of identity politics right wing fringe parties and in some countries also mainstream parties characterize the eu as a threat to national sovereignty and identity whereas left wing mobilization against the eu on economic matters is hardly visible regarding the two politicization dimensions e", "title_raw": "National parties as politicizers of EU integration? Party campaign communication in the run-up to the 2009 European Parliament election", "abstract_raw": "In this article we seek to understand whether, how and under what conditions political parties publicly articulate matters of European integration and encourage contestation over Europe. Based on a content analysis of parties\u2019 televised advertising spots during the 2009 European Parliament (EP) election campaign in six countries (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom), we find evidence that European Union (EU) issues and actors are more prominent on the campaign agenda in countries with many Eurosceptic parties. Eurosceptic and non-Eurosceptic parties co-orient themselves towards each other in their EU articulation. Finally, contestation over Europe exists in the realm of identity politics: right-wing fringe parties (and in some countries also mainstream parties) characterize the EU as a threat to national sovereignty and identity, whereas left-wing mobilization against the EU on economic matters is hardly visible. Regarding the two politicization dimensions \u2014 E..." }, { "paper": "2539910991", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2011", "title": "the trans pacific partnership and the rise of china", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2315493048" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Rise of China", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2315673512", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2011", "title": "putting street level organizations first new directions for social policy and management research", "label": [ "19159745", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2173045483" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Putting Street-Level Organizations First: New Directions for Social Policy and Management Research", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2025086249", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2011", "title": "book reviews harold d clarke allan kornberg and thomas j scotto 2009 making political choices canada and the united states toronto on university of toronto press 302 pp isbn 9780802096746 isbn 9871442601369", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "1500680179" ], "reference": [ "2017184608", "2097551708" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book reviews: Harold D. Clarke, Allan Kornberg and Thomas J. Scotto (2009) Making Political Choices: Canada and the United States. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press. 302 pp. ISBN 9780802096746; ISBN 9871442601369", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2577867704", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2011", "title": "war crimes reporting after goldstone", "label": [ "503427281", "195064531", "120302604", "451841", "169437150", "203715995", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2807396586" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "War Crimes Reporting After Goldstone", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2326148313", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2011", "title": "the 2010 coup d etat in niger a praetorian regulation of politics", "label": [ "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "387062431", "265912869" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The 2010 coup d'\u00e9tat in Niger: A praetorian regulation of politics?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2096541533", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2011", "title": "homeowners associations one more idiosyncrasy in u s local governance", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2648827846" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Homeowners Associations: One More Idiosyncrasy in U.S. Local Governance", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2327291899", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2011", "title": "contesting development critical struggles for social change", "label": [ "206836424" ], "author": [ "2098569320" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Contesting Development: Critical Struggles for Social Change", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2578544489", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2011", "title": "obama s nuclear upgrade", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "737929650", "2765044706" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Obama's Nuclear Upgrade", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1999418487", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2011", "title": "supporting the opposition or the ruling party stark choices in east africa", "label": [ "555826173", "2780668109", "94625758" ], "author": [ "406565104" ], "reference": [ "141633861", "209432616", "214995755", "273141980", "281047794", "627649530", "1494775825", "1533369859", "1584231374", "1971334151", "1981974252", "2021666484", "2025872058", "2049201705", "2056243349", "2059370095", "2075255819", "2084162606", "2117963689", "2130722667", "2136663329", "3035909662" ], "abstract": "citizens of the three east african countries kenya tanzania and uganda differ much in their expressed support for the political opposition and in their trust in the ruling political institutions o", "title_raw": "Supporting the opposition or the ruling party: stark choices in East Africa", "abstract_raw": "Citizens of the three East African countries Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda differ much in their expressed support for the political opposition and in their trust in the ruling political institutions o ..." }, { "paper": "3125160058", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2011", "title": "the lost origins of american fair employment law regulatory choice and the making of modern civil rights 1943 1972", "label": [ "2778431023", "2779777834", "2994519032", "10144844", "199539241", "123108692", "2777732099" ], "author": [ "2709699874" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Lost Origins of American Fair Employment Law: Regulatory Choice and the Making of Modern Civil Rights, 1943-1972", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2570426833", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2011", "title": "morning in tunisia", "label": [ "17058734", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2020995451" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Morning in Tunisia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1987785531", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2011", "title": "context modularity of human altruism", "label": [ "68579090", "201342494", "2778069335", "189326681", "2779670255" ], "author": [ "2486266451", "185406558" ], "reference": [ "1825286732", "1972601484", "1975698665", "1999653899", "2034433329", "2039338430", "2062663664", "2083211140", "2137709071", "2147244728", "2153148122", "2167030552", "3122681988", "3122704328", "3123935201", "3124159295" ], "abstract": "whereas altruism drives the evolution of human cooperation ethno religious diversity has been considered to obstruct it leading to poverty corruption and war we argue that current research has failed to properly account for the institutional environment and how it affects the role diversity plays the emergence of thriving diverse communities throughout human history suggests that diversity does not always lead to cooperation breakdown we conducted experiments in mostar bosnia herzegovina with catholic croats and muslim bosniaks at a critical historic moment in the city s postwar history using a public goods game we found that the ability to sanction is key to achieving cooperation in ethno religiously diverse groups but that sanctions succeed only in integrated institutional environments and fail in segregated ones hence we show experimentally for the first time in a real life setting that institutions of integration can unleash human altruism and restore cooperation in the presence of diversity", "title_raw": "Context Modularity of Human Altruism", "abstract_raw": "Whereas altruism drives the evolution of human cooperation, ethno-religious diversity has been considered to obstruct it, leading to poverty, corruption, and war. We argue that current research has failed to properly account for the institutional environment and how it affects the role diversity plays. The emergence of thriving, diverse communities throughout human history suggests that diversity does not always lead to cooperation breakdown. We conducted experiments in Mostar, Bosnia-Herzegovina with Catholic Croats and Muslim Bosniaks at a critical historic moment in the city\u2019s postwar history. Using a public goods game, we found that the ability to sanction is key to achieving cooperation in ethno-religiously diverse groups, but that sanctions succeed only in integrated institutional environments and fail in segregated ones. Hence, we show experimentally for the first time in a real-life setting that institutions of integration can unleash human altruism and restore cooperation in the presence of diversity." }, { "paper": "2329056422", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2011", "title": "the globalization of food", "label": [ "2119116" ], "author": [ "2051522426" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Globalization of Food", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2313171103", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2011", "title": "the politics of domestic violence in postcommunist europe and eurasia local activism national policies and global forces edited by katalin fabian bloomington indiana university press 2010 384p 65 cloth 24 95 paper", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2715297058" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Domestic Violence in Postcommunist Europe and Eurasia: Local Activism, National Policies, and Global Forces . Edited by Katalin F\u00e1bi\u00e1n. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010. 384p. $65 cloth, $ 24.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1992108675", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2011", "title": "transitions from school to work globalization individualization and patterns of diversity", "label": [ "2779670255", "2119116" ], "author": [ "1977597774" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Transitions from School to Work: Globalization, Individualization, and Patterns of Diversity", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2140442078", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2011", "title": "the disabling state of an active society", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2989122474" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Disabling State of an Active Society", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1567223133", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2011", "title": "the media and the far right in western europe playing the nationalist card by antonis a ellinas", "label": [ "521449643" ], "author": [ "2169343856" ], "reference": [ "1512096531" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Media and the Far Right in Western Europe: Playing the Nationalist Card, by Antonis A. Ellinas", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1997835340", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2011", "title": "voting begins for paper of the year 2010", "label": [ "520049643" ], "author": [ "2501839669" ], "reference": [ "2003133516" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Voting begins for paper of the year 2010", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2347925447", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2011", "title": "china s university and political socialization an empirical study on civic awareness education", "label": [ "555826173", "191935318", "2777897704", "94625758", "186449174" ], "author": [ "2591749601" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the essence of civic education is political socialization in the period of social transition the main content of political socialization is civic awareness education the empirical results showed that the civic awareness of college students was stronger on the whole the universities were the important places for civic education and the civic education in universities compensated the negative impacts from the gender and the family backgrounds however the following problems still existed in the civic education the level of democratic participations of college students was lower in common the level of political efficacy was not high either and the political courses in universities didn t play the key role that they should have", "title_raw": "China's University and Political Socialization:An Empirical Study on Civic Awareness Education", "abstract_raw": "The essence of civic education is political socialization.In the period of social transition,the main content of political socialization is civic awareness education.The empirical results showed that,the civic awareness of college students was stronger on the whole;the universities were the important places for civic education,and the civic education in universities compensated the negative impacts from the gender and the family backgrounds.However,the following problems still existed in the civic education: the level of democratic participations of college students was lower in common;the level of political efficacy was not high,either;and the political courses in universities didn't play the key role that they should have." }, { "paper": "2171815447", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2011", "title": "invoking political civility in the middle east", "label": [ "2780015519", "94625758", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2120656051" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Invoking political civility in the Middle East", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2595242686", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2011", "title": "how occupy wall street works", "label": [ "3116431", "513891491" ], "author": [ "2041874446" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Occupy Wall Street Works", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2049336855", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2011", "title": "optimists and skeptics why do people believe in the value of their single vote", "label": [ "2778521920", "2776424047" ], "author": [ "2145484111", "99513769" ], "reference": [ "28957472", "1523850678", "1596149372", "1967339862", "2016382728", "2023543516", "2040993216", "2050346328", "2096388585", "2113143378", "2129425815", "2134049139", "2157979842", "2159970817", "2168661258", "2329648039", "3125521016", "3148374482" ], "abstract": "we investigate the origins of voters beliefs about the value of their single vote we construe such beliefs as a function of psychological predispositions and exposure to information about the competitiveness of the electoral race we test this theoretical model using data from the 2008 canadian federal election and a new survey question tapping voters beliefs about whether their vote can make a difference our results show that sense of efficacy has a strong effect efficacious voters being more prone to optimism competitiveness of the race also matters but only among attentive voters", "title_raw": "Optimists and skeptics: Why do people believe in the value of their single vote?", "abstract_raw": "We investigate the origins of voters' beliefs about the value of their single vote. We construe such beliefs as a function of psychological predispositions and exposure to information about the competitiveness of the electoral race. We test this theoretical model using data from the 2008 Canadian federal election and a new survey question tapping voters' beliefs about whether their vote can make a difference. Our results show that sense of efficacy has a strong effect, efficacious voters being more prone to optimism. Competitiveness of the race also matters, but only among attentive voters." }, { "paper": "2104314858", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2011", "title": "even if i am not here there are so many eyes surveillance and state reach in rwanda", "label": [ "136810230", "2776051254", "3116431", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "1901972996" ], "reference": [ "128447688", "591025649", "1591240803", "2019513066", "2024460106", "2031287946", "2036115859", "2074900208", "2090020758", "2167714745" ], "abstract": "based on seven months of fieldwork research the present article explores the nature and reach of the state in post genocide rwanda and its effects on decentralisation participation and assertion of voice at the local level rwanda as a case of a strong african state is explored through a number of lenses the vertical structure administrative and information apparatuses of the state the lateral structure multiple responsibilities imihigo indirect control the spectrum of state led local activities and last but not least the counterweights to the state the article suggests an increasing penetration of state in terms of surveillance as well as exactions couched in terms of umusanzu or contribution and control over voice at local level decentralisation amounts to mere dispatching of control making central power more not less effective", "title_raw": "'Even if I am not here, there are so many eyes': surveillance and State reach in Rwanda", "abstract_raw": "Based on seven months of fieldwork research, the present article explores the nature and \u2018reach\u2019 of the state in post-genocide Rwanda, and its effects on decentralisation, participation and assertion of voice at the local level. Rwanda as a case of a \u2018strong\u2019 African state is explored through a number of lenses: the vertical structure (administrative and information apparatuses of the state); the lateral structure (multiple responsibilities, imihigo , indirect control); the spectrum of state-led \u2018local\u2019 activities; and, last but not least, the \u2018counterweights\u2019 to the state. The article suggests an increasing penetration of state in terms of surveillance as well as exactions (couched in terms of umusanzu or contribution) and control over voice at local level. Decentralisation amounts to mere \u2018dispatching of control\u2019, making central power more, not less, effective." }, { "paper": "2015403185", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2011", "title": "reflections of a member of the u s advisory commission on intergovernmental relations", "label": [ "3116431", "199539241", "533735693", "2776034101" ], "author": [ "2139951959" ], "reference": [ "2021296303" ], "abstract": "there is consensus on the need for a successor to the u s advisory commission on intergovernmental relations in washington d c but no agreement on how this entity should be organized and funded and what it should do there are now many players both organizations and individuals in the intergovernmental field and they need to be sorted out a key distinction is that american federalism is both an idea and an interest and a new acir should focus on the former as a neutral independent body with informational convener educational and dissemination functions we should encourage a discussion and debate on what the new acir should be and how it should be structured in order to bring federalism and intergovernmental relations back to the table in washington", "title_raw": "Reflections of a Member of the U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations", "abstract_raw": "There is consensus on the need for a successor to the U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations in Washington, D.C., but no agreement on how this entity should be organized and funded and what it should do. There are now many players, both organizations and individuals, in the intergovernmental field, and they need to be sorted out. A key distinction is that American federalism is both an idea and an interest, and a new ACIR should focus on the former as a neutral, independent body with informational, convener, educational, and dissemination functions. We should encourage a discussion and debate on what the new ACIR should be and how it should be structured in order to bring federalism and intergovernmental relations back to the table in Washington." }, { "paper": "2074805200", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2011", "title": "americans congress and democratic responsiveness public evaluations of congress and electoral consequences by david r jones and monika mcdermott ann arbor university of michigan press 2009 203p 65 00", "label": [ "3116431", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2120791451" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Americans, Congress, and Democratic Responsiveness: Public Evaluations of Congress and Electoral Consequences . By David R. Jones and Monika McDermott. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2009. 203p. $65.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2067996806", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2011", "title": "breakthroughs for development", "label": [ "87616379", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2063992433" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "there are many ways to describe the goal of international development but one is to think of it as changing a situation in which billions of people have access to the benefits of science and technology while billions do not throughout history some of the greatest successes in development have come from extending the reach of scientific and technological breakthroughs to those who lacked access we must continue to harness the ingenuity of the world s top researchers and scientific leaders to achieve development goals", "title_raw": "Breakthroughs for development.", "abstract_raw": "There are many ways to describe the goal of international development, but one is to think of it as changing a situation in which billions of people have access to the benefits of science and technology while billions do not. Throughout history, some of the greatest successes in development have come from extending the reach of scientific and technological breakthroughs to those who lacked access. We must continue to harness the ingenuity of the world's top researchers and scientific leaders to achieve development goals." }, { "paper": "3124934955", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2011", "title": "small changes big results legislative voting behavior in the presence of new voters", "label": [ "2781287902", "83009810", "2776007630", "2776359362", "2778477362", "177324205" ], "author": [ "2092558081", "2150998072" ], "reference": [ "600994599", "1497013238", "1509161467", "1536322546", "1580899010", "1602871116", "1971101400", "1979683802", "1981021859", "1984524168", "1995878236", "2005705542", "2006382656", "2028912616", "2040460067", "2040898367", "2043419934", "2051963287", "2054047744", "2063227326", "2063350098", "2080087469", "2080554424", "2083119494", "2095421991", "2108329778", "2108818539", "2121000122", "2124758339", "2126896061", "2140018188", "2148019667", "2153213357", "2154862029", "2157072336", "2164540423", "2314013166", "2322102969", "2322729589", "2326075559", "2326447421", "2333535758", "2488302987", "2764653760" ], "abstract": "changes in district boundaries in small magnitude electoral systems can have substantive consequences for representation in the u s each decennial redistricting cycle infuses house districts with a large number of new voters changing personal representation for many citizens what effect does the influx of these new voters exert on member behavior by assessing the extent of this change in constituencies in conjunction with member voting behavior on roll calls we can determine if significant changes to a congressional district impact post redistricting legislative behavior using panel data estimators and various measures of legislator behavior we show evidence that supports this claim our findings have notable implications for debates over representation and electoral accountability in legislative assemblies", "title_raw": "Small changes, big results: Legislative voting behavior in the presence of new voters", "abstract_raw": "Changes in district boundaries in small magnitude electoral systems can have substantive consequences for representation. In the U.S., each decennial redistricting cycle infuses House districts with a large number of new voters, changing personal representation for many citizens. What effect does the influx of these new voters exert on member behavior? By assessing the extent of this change in constituencies in conjunction with member voting behavior on roll calls, we can determine if significant changes to a congressional district impact post-redistricting legislative behavior. Using panel data estimators and various measures of legislator behavior, we show evidence that supports this claim. Our findings have notable implications for debates over representation and electoral accountability in legislative assemblies." }, { "paper": "2158556098", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2011", "title": "rape as weapon of war in the eastern drc the victims perspective", "label": [ "169437150", "555826173", "2777996642", "53001019", "81631423", "199539241", "2780565519" ], "author": [ "108719140" ], "reference": [ "566929450", "580289106", "606783974", "1484954763", "1490566129", "1586356937", "1969298092", "1991188736", "1992115126", "2008268907", "2019747188", "2022459238", "2063254583", "2084491316", "2097857783", "2102785612", "2119643776", "2125178858", "2126715125", "2150317137", "2165611314", "2313620837", "2495043376" ], "abstract": "rampant sexual violence is one of the most horrendous human rights abuses taking place within democratic republic of the congo s drc armed conflict the un has called these abuses strategic and a weapon of war both labels carry specific implications within the human rights discourse however there is a lack of structured data exploring these concepts in the context of the drc to address this empirical gap twenty five rape survivors were interviewed in the eyes of the victims the rapes served a multitude of different purposes and appear to be both endemic and indiscriminate the rapes are the modus operandi of the war", "title_raw": "Rape as Weapon of War in the Eastern DRC?: The Victims' Perspective", "abstract_raw": "Rampant sexual violence is one of the most horrendous human rights abuses taking place within Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019s (DRC) armed conflict. The UN has called these abuses \u201cstrategic\u201d and a \u201cweapon of war.\u201d Both labels carry specific implications within the human rights discourse. However, there is a lack of structured data exploring these concepts in the context of the DRC. To address this empirical gap, twenty-five rape survivors were interviewed. In the eyes of the victims the rapes served a multitude of different purposes and appear to be both endemic and indiscriminate. The rapes are the modus operandi of the war." }, { "paper": "2133323564", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2011", "title": "neoconservatives in u s foreign policy under ronald reagan and george w bush voices behind the throneby jesus velasco", "label": [ "199539241", "93377909" ], "author": [ "689360558" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Neoconservatives in U.S. Foreign Policy under Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush: Voices behind the Throneby Jesus Velasco", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2028856061", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2011", "title": "re invigorating japan s commitment to global health challenges and opportunities", "label": [ "193395930", "46578552", "513891491", "2780271678", "148834064", "185618831", "47344431" ], "author": [ "2113459707", "2257164620", "2303723458", "2992798604", "2137375471", "2099350643", "2939633251", "2065908072", "2639854347", "2106691848", "1946779213", "2102328879" ], "reference": [ "226802042", "295555929", "577262355", "635112026", "1416208051", "1670792142", "1844871208", "1911257304", "1974917143", "1998788099", "2012063950", "2017354616", "2023755293", "2029463691", "2040199993", "2048529294", "2052705944", "2068493975", "2077247997", "2087101382", "2096924116", "2106500562", "2116142376", "2125323720", "2126458244", "2129499530", "2134870274", "2137428285", "2137660945", "2160059496", "2163512413", "2164228009", "2169468168", "2171001078", "2184968781", "2315342512", "2917874820", "3122413833" ], "abstract": "over the past 50 years japan has successfully developed and maintained an increasingly equitable system of universal health coverage in addition to achieving the world s highest life expectancy and one of the lowest infant mortality rates against this backdrop japan is potentially in a position to become a leading advocate for and supporter of global health nevertheless japan s engagement with global health has not been outstanding relative to its substantial potential in part because of government fragmentation a weak civil society and lack of transparency and assessment japan s development assistance for health from both governmental and non governmental sectors has remained low and japanese global health leadership has been weak new challenges arising from changes in governance and global and domestic health needs including the recent great east japan earthquake now provide japan with an opportunity to review past approaches to health policy and develop a new strategy for addressing global and national health the fragmented functioning of the government with regards to global health policy needs to be reconfigured and should be accompanied by further financial commitment to global health priorities innovative non governmental sector initiatives increased research capacity and investments in good leadership development as witnessed at the g8 hokkaido toyako summit should this strategy development and commitment be achieved japan has the potential to make substantial contributions to the health of the world as many countries move toward universal coverage and as japan itself faces the challenge of maintaining its own health system", "title_raw": "Re-invigorating Japan's commitment to global health: challenges and opportunities", "abstract_raw": "Over the past 50 years, Japan has successfully developed and maintained an increasingly equitable system of universal health coverage in addition to achieving the world's highest life expectancy and one of the lowest infant mortality rates. Against this backdrop, Japan is potentially in a position to become a leading advocate for and supporter of global health. Nevertheless, Japan's engagement with global health has not been outstanding relative to its substantial potential, in part because of government fragmentation, a weak civil society, and lack of transparency and assessment. Japan's development assistance for health, from both governmental and non-governmental sectors, has remained low and Japanese global health leadership has been weak. New challenges arising from changes in governance and global and domestic health needs, including the recent Great East Japan Earthquake, now provide Japan with an opportunity to review past approaches to health policy and develop a new strategy for addressing global and national health. The fragmented functioning of the government with regards to global health policy needs to be reconfigured and should be accompanied by further financial commitment to global health priorities, innovative non-governmental sector initiatives, increased research capacity, and investments in good leadership development as witnessed at the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit. Should this strategy development and commitment be achieved, Japan has the potential to make substantial contributions to the health of the world as many countries move toward universal coverage and as Japan itself faces the challenge of maintaining its own health system." }, { "paper": "2035005365", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2011", "title": "book review hertog s 2010 princes brokers and bureaucrats oil and the state in saudi arabia ithaca ny cornell university press", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "150496397" ], "reference": [ "569965658", "2090658458", "2138437328" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Hertog, S. (2010). Princes, Brokers, and Bureaucrats: Oil and the State in Saudi Arabia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1976881559", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2011", "title": "paying attention to foreign affairs how public opinion affects presidential decision makingby thomas knecht", "label": [ "93377909", "3116431", "197487636", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2116242233" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Paying Attention to Foreign Affairs: How Public Opinion Affects Presidential Decision Makingby Thomas Knecht", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2113308950", "venue": "49968029", "year": "2011", "title": "what we talk about when we talk about terrorism", "label": [ "190989730", "203663800", "203133693", "2776051254", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2106000959", "138394672" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "there is no consensus in the literature about the nature of terrorism the authors main claim is that this is ultimately the result of the coexistence of two senses of the term the action and the actor sense which are not fully congruent rather than trying to advocate a specific conceptualization the authors provide in this article a map of the different ways in which scholars talk about terrorism they identify first the set of terrorist actions and the set of terrorist actors terrorist tactics are a variety of the power to hurt based on the lack of military power terrorist groups are underground ones with no territorial control when the two criteria meet the core of terrorism exists coercive violence perpetrated by underground groups the ambiguity that surrounds terrorism is caused by two other possibilities actors with some measure of territorial control adopting coercive tactics and underground actors adopting military tactics although it is not possible to remove this ambiguity in empir", "title_raw": "What We Talk About When We Talk About Terrorism", "abstract_raw": "There is no consensus in the literature about the nature of terrorism. The authors\u2019 main claim is that this is ultimately the result of the coexistence of two senses of the term, the action and the actor sense, which are not fully congruent. Rather than trying to advocate a specific conceptualization, the authors provide in this article a map of the different ways in which scholars talk about terrorism. They identify first the set of terrorist actions and the set of terrorist actors. Terrorist tactics are a variety of the power to hurt, based on the lack of military power. Terrorist groups are underground ones with no territorial control. When the two criteria meet, the core of terrorism exists: coercive violence perpetrated by underground groups. The ambiguity that surrounds terrorism is caused by two other possibilities: actors with some measure of territorial control adopting coercive tactics and underground actors adopting military tactics. Although it is not possible to remove this ambiguity in empir..." }, { "paper": "3125544735", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2011", "title": "a new international law of citizenship", "label": [ "55447825", "2777632292", "196187386", "2776211767", "2780781376", "199539241", "186229450", "2777138209" ], "author": [ "2313072256" ], "reference": [ "276063849", "568734787", "590686985", "646226695", "1500164099", "1515103840", "1532606398", "1540456124", "1587641581", "1596190198", "1780158697", "1966042355", "1970693697", "1978818990", "1978918752", "1979991846", "1980238137", "1991321602", "1994958557", "2004217020", "2040550243", "2043470944", "2046449816", "2057215056", "2063512088", "2094461575", "2103998320", "2112839122", "2118027361", "2126299176", "2128728532", "2130400182", "2161406236", "2290457040", "2312648738", "2314798571", "2315727718", "2315769076", "2325529741", "2326655442", "2331409021", "2341946679", "2480092519", "2498269328", "2550721628", "2766115494", "2787117697", "2796303502", "2796889662", "3008585516", "3033917070", "3121252492", "3122352951", "3123463853", "3123503119", "3124062535", "3124213192" ], "abstract": "state practices relating to nationality and citizenship have historically been insulated from international law that is beginning to change as citizenship moves into ahumanrights frame citizenship practices relating to naturalization birthright citizenship and dual citizenship are being measured against anti discrimination and self governance norms these developments will expand access to citizenship though the new international law of citizenship may also contribute to the erosion of state solidarities that are important to liberal governance", "title_raw": "A new International Law of citizenship", "abstract_raw": "State practices relating to nationality and citizenship have historically been insulated from international law. That is beginning to change as citizenship moves into ahumanrights frame. Citizenship practices relating to naturalization, birthright citizenship, and dual citizenship are being measured against anti-discrimination and self-governance norms. These developments will expand access to citizenship, though the new international law of citizenship may also contribute to the erosion of state solidarities that are important to liberal governance." }, { "paper": "2313981112", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2011", "title": "the message matters the economy and presidential campaigns by lynn vavreck princeton princeton university press 2009 232p 65 00 cloth 24 95 paper", "label": [ "197487636" ], "author": [ "2334113660" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Message Matters: The Economy and Presidential Campaigns. By Lynn Vavreck. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. 232p. $65.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1975972788", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2011", "title": "patriotism nationalism and china s us policy structures and consequences of chinese national identity", "label": [ "2778407155", "122972321", "93377909", "2780666240", "526460871", "191935318", "521449643", "2776786559" ], "author": [ "2061906679", "2657395937", "2016587802", "2118375103" ], "reference": [ "422500087", "1488057689", "1491490396", "1500336288", "1530312159", "1665332082", "1836311887", "1989724650", "2003660487", "2019718024", "2022598112", "2027253964", "2039302467", "2079071788", "2086190020", "2117000430", "2121111175", "2170799494", "2244061900" ], "abstract": "what is the nature of chinese patriotism and nationalism how does it differ from american patriotism and nationalism and what impact do they have on chinese foreign policy attitudes to explore the structure and consequences of chinese national identity three surveys were conducted in china and the us in the spring and summer of 2009 while patriotism and nationalism were empirically similar in the us they were highly distinct in china with patriotism aligning with a benign inter nationalism and nationalism with a more malign blind patriotism chinese patriotism internationalism furthermore had no impact on perceived us threats or us policy preferences while nationalism did the role of nation alist historical beliefs in structures of chinese national identity was also explored as well as the consequences of historical beliefs for the perception of us military and humiliation threats", "title_raw": "Patriotism, Nationalism and China's US Policy: Structures and consequences of Chinese National Identity", "abstract_raw": "What is the nature of Chinese patriotism and nationalism, how does it differ from American patriotism and nationalism, and what impact do they have on Chinese foreign policy attitudes? To explore the structure and consequences of Chinese national identity, three surveys were conducted in China and the US in the spring and summer of 2009. While patriotism and nationalism were empirically similar in the US, they were highly distinct in China, with patriotism aligning with a benign inter- nationalism and nationalism with a more malign blind patriotism. Chinese patriotism/internationalism, furthermore, had no impact on perceived US threats or US policy preferences, while nationalism did. The role of nation- alist historical beliefs in structures of Chinese national identity was also explored, as well as the consequences of historical beliefs for the perception of US military and humiliation threats." }, { "paper": "1983062703", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2011", "title": "from protest to power autonomist parties in government", "label": [ "2776051254", "2778521920", "2778244660", "94625758", "148834064", "2776398702", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2171800246", "2075483746" ], "reference": [ "40455211", "72032670", "1664211612", "1716321727", "1719719564", "1865576230", "1964998082", "1968861593", "1974198178", "1976694697", "1977500843", "1980284632", "1991653187", "2005201832", "2024604487", "2041346420", "2041787501", "2042014858", "2052258485", "2054286210", "2063094060", "2071511041", "2095221304", "2109383869", "2123639128", "2132030776", "2135399125", "2140077089", "2140619313", "2143320461", "2147712128", "2155028852", "2164710619", "2171769220", "2476868525", "2507027433", "2623361121" ], "abstract": "in many western european states an increasing number of autonomist parties are taking part in government at state and regional levels to date however scholars have paid little attention to the repercussions of government incumbency for these actors this article aims to take a first step towards redressing this oversight based on an extensive literature examining political parties in government we formulate hypotheses about how autonomist parties will approach behave within and be affected by government office we test these hypotheses by examining the participation of autonomist parties in regional and state governments in western europe since 1945 the findings demonstrate that the difficult decisions autonomist parties must make when entering government the subsequent dilemmas and challenges that must be resolved once the threshold of government has been crossed and the consequences of government incumbency are similar to those faced by any political party in government however the fact tha", "title_raw": "From protest to power: Autonomist parties in government", "abstract_raw": "In many Western European states, an increasing number of autonomist parties are taking part in government at state and regional levels. To date, however, scholars have paid little attention to the repercussions of government incumbency for these actors. This article aims to take a first step towards redressing this oversight. Based on an extensive literature examining political parties in government, we formulate hypotheses about how autonomist parties will approach, behave within and be affected by government office. We test these hypotheses by examining the participation of autonomist parties in regional and state governments in Western Europe since 1945. The findings demonstrate that the difficult decisions autonomist parties must make when entering government, the subsequent dilemmas and challenges that must be resolved once the threshold of government has been crossed, and the consequences of government incumbency, are similar to those faced by any political party in government. However, the fact tha..." }, { "paper": "2018838045", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2011", "title": "the cubans of union city immigrants and exiles in a new jersey community review", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "2148920775" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Cubans of Union City: Immigrants and Exiles in a New Jersey Community (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1975696413", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2011", "title": "cheap labor speaks pr adjuncts on pedagogy and preparing millennials for careers", "label": [ "186528591", "2776021016" ], "author": [ "110483703" ], "reference": [ "6005923", "12276110", "24471268", "160085871", "339934485", "591262599", "1539663243", "1553183615", "1569268909", "1577059057", "1584881805", "1985190484", "2022950253", "2025158281", "2025200162", "2028954902", "2033754940", "2040997129", "2052615492", "2062799098", "2109575958", "2329395632", "2793566450", "3142826726", "3144127399" ], "abstract": "abstract in depth interviews were conducted among 32 adjunct public relations instructors across the u s to discover their unique contributions in preparing today s undergraduates for entry level positions research questions probed teaching philosophy practice to classroom transition and any challenges faced amidst adjuncts voices two overarching themes emerged omnipresent economic forces and academic practitioner dichotomy findings fill a significant gap in the public relations body of knowledge and offer several suggestions for further research", "title_raw": "\u201cCheap labor\u201d speaks: PR adjuncts on pedagogy and preparing Millennials for careers", "abstract_raw": "Abstract In-depth interviews were conducted among 32 adjunct public relations instructors across the U.S. to discover their unique contributions in preparing today's undergraduates for entry-level positions. Research questions probed teaching philosophy, practice-to-classroom transition, and any challenges faced. Amidst adjuncts\u2019 voices, two overarching themes emerged \u2013 omnipresent economic forces, and academic/practitioner dichotomy. Findings fill a significant gap in the public relations body of knowledge and offer several suggestions for further research." }, { "paper": "2135514539", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2011", "title": "rethinking sovereignty in international fiscal policy", "label": [ "2777895093", "2780129364", "65414064", "186229450", "165730261", "55447825" ], "author": [ "1833395356" ], "reference": [ "44019400", "70084725", "268977058", "1488320194", "2016215317", "2022183040", "2040381985", "2041607960", "2061335288", "2066230244", "2073421681", "2098511541", "2483381315", "3121699677", "3125782685" ], "abstract": "the power to raise taxes is a sine qua non for the functioning of the modern state governments frequently defend the independence of their fiscal policy as a matter of sovereignty this article challenges this defence by demonstrating that it relies on an antiquated conception of sovereignty instead of the westphalian sovereignty centred on non intervention that has long dominated relations between states today s fiscal interdependence calls for a conception of sovereignty that assigns duties as well as rights to states while such a circumscribed conception of sovereignty has emerged in other areas of international law in recent years it has yet to be extended to fiscal questions here these duties arguably include obligations of transparency of respect for the fiscal choices of other countries and of distributive justice the resulting conception of sovereignty is one that emphasises its instrumental as well as its conditional character neither state sovereignty nor self determination is an end in itself but a means to promoting individual well being it is conditional in the sense that if states do not live up to their fiscal obligations towards other states their claims to autonomy are void", "title_raw": "Rethinking sovereignty in international fiscal policy", "abstract_raw": "The power to raise taxes is a sine qua non for the functioning of the modern state. Governments frequently defend the independence of their fiscal policy as a matter of sovereignty. This article challenges this defence by demonstrating that it relies on an antiquated conception of sovereignty. Instead of the Westphalian sovereignty centred on non-intervention that has long dominated relations between states, today's fiscal interdependence calls for a conception of sovereignty that assigns duties as well as rights to states. While such a circumscribed conception of sovereignty has emerged in other areas of international law in recent years, it has yet to be extended to fiscal questions. Here, these duties arguably include obligations of transparency, of respect for the fiscal choices of other countries, and of distributive justice. The resulting conception of sovereignty is one that emphasises its instrumental as well as its conditional character. Neither state sovereignty nor self-determination is an end in itself, but a means to promoting individual well-being. It is conditional in the sense that if states do not live up to their fiscal obligations towards other states, their claims to autonomy are void." }, { "paper": "2095139629", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2011", "title": "the politics of welfare state reform in continental europe modernization in hard timesby silja hausermann", "label": [ "3116431", "129603779", "53844881", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1976172561" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Welfare State Reform in Continental Europe: Modernization in Hard Timesby Silja H\u00e4usermann", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2312949685", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2011", "title": "congress from the inside u s africa foreign policy and black ethnic politics", "label": [ "83009810", "2776985886", "70036468", "137403100", "199539241", "2779707719", "93377909", "94625758", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2316592458" ], "reference": [ "579503004", "591524452", "599501920", "1536322546", "1568089178", "1963644336", "2009425060", "2332916199" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Congress from the Inside: U.S.\u2013Africa Foreign Policy and Black Ethnic Politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2330247518", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2011", "title": "democratic innovations designing institutions for citizen participation by graham smith new york cambridge university press 2009 230p 88 99 cloth 28 99 paper", "label": [ "3116431", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2327142172" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democratic Innovations: Designing Institutions for Citizen Participation. By Graham Smith. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 230p. $88.99 cloth, $28.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2002851593", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2011", "title": "faculties of education and institutional strategies for knowledge mobilization an exploratory study", "label": [ "156708679", "120912362", "39549134", "2776354099" ], "author": [ "2100299067", "2581885184", "2341212617" ], "reference": [ "104620136", "409055745", "590989110", "637230254", "1485205713", "1590834544", "1881866146", "1965048841", "1976380751", "1998157608", "2026405971", "2028818323", "2034872996", "2040028915", "2045974033", "2047541711", "2047762578", "2052213654", "2061365455", "2066817954", "2083163432", "2086427553", "2088763003", "2097439115", "2102800394", "2118924728", "2132081969", "2144139636", "2157628853", "2328607730" ], "abstract": "the goal to enhance the impacts of academic research in the real world resonates with progressive visions of the role of universities in society and finds support among policy makers who have sought to enhance the transfer translation uptake or valorization of research knowledge in several areas of public services this paper reports on an exploratory study of the strategies used by selected canadian and international faculties of education to mobilize research knowledge drawing on data from semi structured interviews with senior administrators of 13 faculties of education the analysis reveals several themes academic leaders recognize knowledge mobilization as a desirable institutional mission but they identify a number of barriers to greater efforts in this area although a number of strategies are employed changes across multiple organizational dimensions to encourage and support knowledge mobilization were reported at only two institutions these results are relevant to faculty administrators scholars and policy makers interested in understanding the role of academic institutions in the mobilization of research knowledge to the broader education community", "title_raw": "Faculties of education and institutional strategies for knowledge mobilization: an exploratory study", "abstract_raw": "The goal to enhance the impacts of academic research in the \u2018real world\u2019 resonates with progressive visions of the role of universities in society, and finds support among policy makers who have sought to enhance the \u2018transfer\u2019, \u2018translation\u2019, \u2018uptake\u2019, or \u2018valorization\u2019 of research knowledge in several areas of public services. This paper reports on an exploratory study of the strategies used by selected Canadian and international faculties of education to mobilize research knowledge. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews with senior administrators of 13 faculties of education, the analysis reveals several themes. Academic leaders recognize knowledge mobilization as a desirable institutional mission, but they identify a number of barriers to greater efforts in this area. Although a number of strategies are employed, changes across multiple organizational dimensions to encourage and support knowledge mobilization were reported at only two institutions. These results are relevant to faculty administrators, scholars, and policy-makers interested in understanding the role of academic institutions in the mobilization of research knowledge to the broader education community." }, { "paper": "1554668710", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2011", "title": "civic talk peers politics and the future of democracy by casey a klofstad", "label": [ "199539241", "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1755435041" ], "reference": [ "2031340404" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Civic Talk: Peers, Politics and the Future of Democracy, by Casey A. Klofstad", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2328305953", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2011", "title": "a nation of immigrants by susan f martin new york cambridge university press 2010 344p 85 00 cloth 28 99 paper americans in waiting the lost story of immigration and citizenship in the united states by hiroshi motomura new york oxford university press 2007 256p 24 99", "label": [ "70036468", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "1922653217" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Nation of Immigrants . By Susan F. Martin. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 344p. $85.00 cloth, $28.99 paper. - Americans in Waiting: The Lost Story of Immigration and Citizenship in the United States . By Hiroshi Motomura. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. 256p. $24.99.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2060594516", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2011", "title": "patterns of strategies in swiss higher education institutions", "label": [ "39549134", "120912362", "182566", "44725695", "65414064" ], "author": [ "276626780", "1205939423" ], "reference": [ "15047419", "576310405", "608907954", "637449185", "1004584821", "1493524488", "1498488428", "1502287889", "1606726762", "1802502998", "1855283887", "1975268685", "1981671347", "1982755351", "1996216743", "2001427424", "2002056987", "2003934805", "2007462815", "2009476970", "2013516287", "2018444522", "2038631200", "2046394225", "2053743423", "2060311578", "2069281806", "2070726643", "2094078075", "2094915429", "2096718335", "2098538302", "2100849952", "2102453710", "2129076889", "2138541496", "2146637469", "2154700690", "2159197508", "2164170887", "2185062952", "2206639621", "2274312196", "3123733296", "3145099769" ], "abstract": "this paper contributes to the debate on strategic capability of academic organizations by presenting three case studies of swiss higher education institutions strategies are conceived as instruments by which universities manage their organizational processes and deal with their environments in order to select a portfolio of activities and find an appropriate position in the higher education system our findings show that strategies are at the same time a matter of intentions and actions first they relate to current hei s position within the national higher education system and to relevant normative models as well as to the degree of institutional autonomy second even within participatory governance structures organizational strategies appear to be initiated by the academic administrators then substantially shaped and subscribed by academics at different stages in this perspective the dynamic relation of formal and informal processes holds diverse functions from making academics accept a strategy to controlling and coordinating decentralized organizational structures", "title_raw": "Patterns of strategies in Swiss higher education institutions", "abstract_raw": "This paper contributes to the debate on strategic capability of academic organizations by presenting three case studies of Swiss Higher Education Institutions. Strategies are conceived as instruments by which universities manage their organizational processes and deal with their environments in order to select a portfolio of activities and find an appropriate position in the higher education system. Our findings show that strategies are at the same time a matter of intentions and actions: first, they relate to current HEI\u2019s position within the national Higher education system\u2014and to relevant normative models\u2014as well as to the degree of institutional autonomy. Second, even within participatory governance structures, organizational strategies appear to be initiated by the academic administrators, then substantially shaped and subscribed by academics at different stages. In this perspective, the dynamic relation of formal and informal processes holds diverse functions from making academics accept a strategy, to controlling and coordinating decentralized organizational structures." }, { "paper": "2023208500", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2011", "title": "africa s health and the commission on macroeconomics and health", "label": [ "185618831", "46578552", "193395930", "47344431", "2776034101" ], "author": [ "2699193464" ], "reference": [ "1910274319", "2000795003", "2046034301", "2047782512", "2133416497", "2171001078", "2916877960", "3204053182" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Africa's health and the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3123580265", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2011", "title": "outcasting enforcement in domestic and international law", "label": [ "54707276", "55447825", "2780262971", "2779777834", "8705443", "177986884", "51575053" ], "author": [ "2558000379", "2135189943" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "ttabstract tt this article offers a new way to understand the enforcement of domestic and international law that we call outcasting unlike the distinctive method that modern states use to enforce their law outcasting is nonviolent it does not rely on bureaucratic organizations such as police or militia that employ physical force to maintain order instead outcasting involves denying the disobedient the benefits of social cooperation and membership law enforcement through outcasting in domestic law can be found throughout history from medieval iceland and classic canon law to modern day public law and it is ubiquitous in modern international law from the world trade organization to the universal postal union to the montreal protocol across radically different subject areas international legal institutions use others usually states to enforce their rules and typically deploy outcasting rather than physical force seeing outcasting as a form of law enforcement not only helps us recognize that the traditional critique of international law that it is not enforced and is therefore both ineffective and not real law is based on a limited and inaccurate understanding of law enforcement it also allows us to understand more fully when and how international law matters", "title_raw": "Outcasting: Enforcement in Domestic and International Law", "abstract_raw": "TTabstract. TT This Article offers a new way to understand the enforcement of domestic and international law that we call \u201coutcasting.\u201d Unlike the distinctive method that modern states use to enforce their law, outcasting is nonviolent: it does not rely on bureaucratic organizations, such as police or militia, that employ physical force to maintain order. Instead, outcasting involves denying the disobedient the benefits of social cooperation and membership. Law enforcement through outcasting in domestic law can be found throughout history\u2014from medieval Iceland and classic canon law to modern-day public law. And it is ubiquitous in modern international law, from the World Trade Organization to the Universal Postal Union to the Montreal Protocol. Across radically different subject areas, international legal institutions use others (usually states) to enforce their rules and typically deploy outcasting rather than physical force. Seeing outcasting as a form of law enforcement not only helps us recognize that the traditional critique of international law\u2014that it is not enforced and is therefore both ineffective and not real law\u2014is based on a limited and inaccurate understanding of law enforcement. It also allows us to understand more fully when and how international law matters." }, { "paper": "2551001826", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2011", "title": "to the shores of tripoli", "label": [ "120302604", "183761623", "2777095168" ], "author": [ "2658102251" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "To the Shores of Tripoli", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2061754226", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2011", "title": "policy attention in state and nation is anyone listening to the laboratories of democracy", "label": [ "3116431", "2778521920", "2776398702", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2335810280", "1997207971", "802859682" ], "reference": [ "367359599", "645974420", "1492771828", "1529928757", "1587202904", "1591908312", "1825841658", "1975719284", "1977705994", "1988232518", "1989196169", "1991611378", "1995402238", "2004072759", "2019834961", "2021637762", "2026069470", "2031461881", "2036931152", "2040530281", "2055122919", "2057860374", "2062962096", "2091902017", "2092298252", "2097925173", "2100930218", "2113369719", "2114722590", "2115506425", "2117230376", "2159818032", "2170666984", "2171314112", "2330764366", "2408683293", "2499844472" ], "abstract": "do patterns of policy attention at the state level influence agenda setting in washington over the short term we examine this question by first developing a series of hypotheses about such linkages we test these conjectures with a data set pooling measures of policy attention at the national and state levels for several years and several policy areas we find little evidence that changes in state policy agendas in the aggregate influence national patterns of policy attention", "title_raw": "Policy Attention in State and Nation: Is Anyone Listening to the Laboratories of Democracy?", "abstract_raw": "Do patterns of policy attention at the state level influence agenda setting in Washington over the short term? We examine this question by first developing a series of hypotheses about such linkages. We test these conjectures with a data set pooling measures of policy attention at the national and state levels for several years and several policy areas. We find little evidence that changes in state policy agendas in the aggregate influence national patterns of policy attention." }, { "paper": "2102805266", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2011", "title": "the anc and power concentration in south africa does local democracy allow for power sharing", "label": [ "555826173", "136810230", "199539241", "2779111050", "135121143", "17058734", "2780668109" ], "author": [ "1764016255" ], "reference": [ "250364276", "1529732672", "1565589301", "1971234889", "1975983845", "1979352513", "1991419016", "1994886270", "2005314229", "2022956502", "2023239289", "2030336480", "2032269876", "2037712206", "2046326971", "2068514736", "2074008274", "2078947165", "2083663183", "2084829843", "2100095062", "2129453640", "2134174308", "2136183491", "2154027539", "2185534542", "2290252416", "2732605335" ], "abstract": "concentration of power in the hands of the executive is one of the key challenges to democratic consolidation in africa since the early 1990s the african national congress anc has won each national election with up to two thirds of the votes in south africa at the same time the governing anc has introduced a process of democratic decentralization this contribution focuses on the question to what extent does this process allow for increased power sharing in south africa by analysing the results of two local elections this contribution shows that in seven out of nine provinces the opposition parties are ineffective in challenging the hegemony of the anc the analysis then goes on to examine three institutional mechanisms which are likely to have an effect on inter party relations in between elections i e floor crossing ward committees and the electoral system this in depth examination shows how these three institutional mechanisms while not directly restricting opposition parties opportunity", "title_raw": "The ANC and power concentration in South Africa: does local democracy allow for power-sharing?", "abstract_raw": "Concentration of power in the hands of the executive is one of the key challenges to democratic consolidation in Africa. Since the early 1990s, the African National Congress (ANC) has won each national election with up to two-thirds of the votes in South Africa. At the same time, the governing ANC has introduced a process of democratic decentralization. This contribution focuses on the question: to what extent does this process allow for increased power-sharing in South Africa? By analysing the results of two local elections this contribution shows that in seven out of nine provinces the opposition parties are ineffective in challenging the hegemony of the ANC. The analysis then goes on to examine three institutional mechanisms which are likely to have an effect on inter-party relations in-between elections, i.e. floor crossing, ward committees and the electoral system. This in-depth examination shows how these three institutional mechanisms, while not directly restricting opposition parties' opportunity ..." }, { "paper": "1984494666", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2011", "title": "book review sinan ciddi 2009 kemalism in turkish politics the republican people s party secularism and nationalism london and new york routledge 140 00 hbk xii 196pp isbn 9780415475044", "label": [ "521449643", "94625758", "11293438" ], "author": [ "2740393519" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book review: Sinan Ciddi (2009) Kemalism in Turkish Politics: The Republican People\u2019s Party, Secularism and Nationalism. London and New York: Routledge. $140.00 (hbk), xii + 196pp. ISBN 9780415475044:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2113643257", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2011", "title": "just another change of guard broad based politics and civil war in museveni s uganda", "label": [ "137403100", "81631423", "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2152081983" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Just another change of guard? Broad-based politics and civil war in Museveni's Uganda", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2032874221", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2011", "title": "health care reform and american politics what everyone needs to knowby lawrence r jacobs and theda skocpol", "label": [ "3116431", "522562087", "2778584109" ], "author": [ "2142560467" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Health Care Reform and American Politics: What Everyone Needs to Knowby Lawrence R. Jacobs and Theda Skocpol", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2025808994", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2011", "title": "devolution in the uk by james mitchell united kingdom the impact of devolution on social policy by derek birrell", "label": [ "3116431", "19185018", "19159745" ], "author": [ "2493054685" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Devolution in the UK, by James Mitchell.United Kingdom: The Impact of Devolution on Social Policy, by Derek Birrell.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1976024750", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2011", "title": "becoming part of welfare scandinavia integration through the spatial dispersal of newly arrived refugees in denmark", "label": [ "100243477", "173145845", "129603779" ], "author": [ "2603424814" ], "reference": [ "561263760", "570133128", "590610846", "1599047181", "1858202353", "2067164952", "2098061691", "2109497024", "2122189604", "2147264455", "2313518948", "2493353868", "2529622614", "2593677923", "2594158276", "2889106333", "3138893800" ], "abstract": "this article examines refugee experiences of the danish mandatory spatial dispersal policy which requires that individuals and families agree to live for three years in an assigned community when accepted as refugees the policy is based on the assumption that immersion in ethnically danish local communities will facilitate integration ethnographic field research carried out in two rural municipalities shows however that trusted relatives or co ethnics already settled in the country can have a considerable integrative effect because they act as mediators between newly arrived refugees and danish welfare society they thus introduce refugees to local cultural values and everyday routines and demonstrate how to navigate them this is particularly important in a country where on the one hand the welfare state and its professional workers tend to intervene deeply into the domestic sphere of its citizens and on the other cultural homogeneity is emphasised and viewed as closely related to equality not", "title_raw": "Becoming Part of Welfare Scandinavia: Integration through the Spatial Dispersal of Newly Arrived Refugees in Denmark", "abstract_raw": "This article examines refugee experiences of the Danish mandatory spatial dispersal policy, which requires that individuals and families agree to live for three years in an assigned community when accepted as refugees. The policy is based on the assumption that immersion in ethnically Danish local communities will facilitate integration. Ethnographic field research carried out in two rural municipalities shows, however, that trusted relatives or co-ethnics already settled in the country can have a considerable integrative effect because they act as mediators between newly arrived refugees and Danish welfare society. They thus introduce refugees to local cultural values and everyday routines and demonstrate how to navigate them. This is particularly important in a country where, on the one hand, the welfare state and its professional workers tend to intervene deeply into the domestic sphere of its citizens, and, on the other, cultural homogeneity is emphasised and viewed as closely related to equality. Not..." }, { "paper": "1983911988", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2011", "title": "book review allies of the state china s private entrepreneurs and democratic change", "label": [ "191935318", "555826173", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2102425544" ], "reference": [ "561229196", "1526458988", "1538261384", "1564166825" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Allies of the State: China\u2019s Private Entrepreneurs and Democratic Change", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2037012829", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2011", "title": "caribbean migration to western europe and the united states essays on incorporation identity and citizenship", "label": [ "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2510231309" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Caribbean Migration to Western Europe and the United States: Essays on Incorporation, Identity and Citizenship", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2028544898", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2011", "title": "iran s nuclear challenge nine years and counting", "label": [ "194110935", "545171759", "2779010840", "2778069335", "199776023", "2779872411", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2087283861", "2628517058" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the technical and political evidence that iran is seeking to establish a nuclear hedging capability has gradually increased over the past nine years the regime in tehran has continued to insist that its nuclear ambitions are purely civilian in nature and it has resisted the international community s dual track policy encompassing both negotiations and sanctions to persuade iran to be fully transparent about its nuclear activities and plans and to suspend work related to uranium enrichment and plutonium separation while the prospects for a negotiated solution currently appear slim the regime does not yet appear to have decided whether or when to produce nuclear weapons and to break out of the nuclear non proliferation treaty it is essential therefore to maintain and if necessary to build up the pressure on iran and to strengthen efforts to disrupt its procurement of technology and materials for its nuclear programme it is also imperative for the international community to maintain negotiations and also consider alternative diplomatic approaches to enhance the prospects of keeping iran focused purely on civil nuclear ambitions while at the same time resolving questions related to the possible military dimensions of iran s nuclear programme", "title_raw": "Iran's nuclear challenge: nine years and counting", "abstract_raw": "The technical and political evidence that Iran is seeking to establish a \u2018nuclear hedging\u2019 capability has gradually increased over the past nine years. The regime in Tehran has continued to insist that its nuclear ambitions are purely civilian in nature and it has resisted the international community's dual-track policy, encompassing both negotiations and sanctions, to persuade Iran to be fully transparent about its nuclear activities and plans, and to suspend work related to uranium enrichment and plutonium separation. While the prospects for a negotiated solution currently appear slim, the regime does not yet appear to have decided whether, or when, to produce nuclear weapons and to break out of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. It is essential, therefore, to maintain and if necessary to build up the pressure on Iran and to strengthen efforts to disrupt its procurement of technology and materials for its nuclear programme. It is also imperative for the international community to maintain negotiations and also consider alternative diplomatic approaches to enhance the prospects of keeping Iran focused purely on civil nuclear ambitions, while at the same time resolving questions related to the possible military dimensions of Iran's nuclear programme." }, { "paper": "1984600434", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2011", "title": "parties in chains do ethnic party bans in africa promote peace", "label": [ "2780668109", "94625758", "2777593458", "137403100" ], "author": [ "145787531", "2028054972" ], "reference": [ "161060450", "1631707661", "1965206200", "1972181371", "1985304912", "1991585494", "2042718045", "2046891279", "2059828649", "2066511003", "2076804898", "2089383897", "2131830082", "2140048929", "2148948369", "2161439045", "2225784503", "2605994085", "2731246065", "2925995861", "3005898555" ], "abstract": "since the sweeping re introduction of multiparty systems in the early 1990s almost all sub saharan countries have introduced legal provisions to ban ethnic or other identity based particularistic parties altogether 12 countries have actually banned political parties on these grounds in theoretical terms such bans can exclude particularism from politics but contrary to public discourse also run the risk of forcing groups to resort to violent means or of becoming an object of conflict themselves empirically speaking hardly any general patterns in the effects of bans can be detected a closer look at 12 politically relevant bans in six countries reveals an initially stabilizing impact in one case rwanda in 1994 a ban on a religious party in kenya in 1993 triggered violent conflict in cases such as equatorial guinea 1994 and rwanda 2001 2003 this regulatory measure allegedly designed to promote peace seems to be part of the menu of manipulation and is abused to suppress the opposition", "title_raw": "Parties in chains: Do ethnic party bans in Africa promote peace?:", "abstract_raw": "Since the sweeping (re)introduction of multiparty systems in the early 1990s, almost all sub-Saharan countries have introduced legal provisions to ban ethnic or other identity-based particularistic parties. Altogether, 12 countries have actually banned political parties on these grounds. In theoretical terms, such bans can exclude particularism from politics but \u2014 contrary to public discourse \u2014 also run the risk of forcing groups to resort to violent means or of becoming an object of conflict themselves. Empirically speaking, hardly any general patterns in the effects of bans can be detected. A closer look at 12 politically relevant bans in six countries reveals an initially stabilizing impact in one case (Rwanda in 1994). A ban on a religious party in Kenya in 1993 triggered violent conflict. In cases such as Equatorial Guinea (1994) and Rwanda (2001, 2003), this regulatory measure, allegedly designed to promote peace, seems to be part of the \u2018menu of manipulation\u2019 and is abused to suppress the opposition." }, { "paper": "2004046088", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2011", "title": "redistricting the most political activity in americaby charles s bullock iii", "label": [ "2778477362", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2105276353" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Redistricting: The Most Political Activity in Americaby Charles S. Bullock, III", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2148913816", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2011", "title": "the greek economic crisis a primary health care perspective", "label": [ "47344431" ], "author": [ "2625517723", "1201232981" ], "reference": [ "1502483358", "1982978180", "2088869262", "2160868803" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Greek economic crisis: a primary health-care perspective", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2005452350", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2011", "title": "engaging publics via documentaries a typological study of advocacy functions among taiwanese npos productions", "label": [ "2776003135", "2776663400", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2646641461" ], "reference": [ "581298234", "1984492824", "2038700003" ], "abstract": "abstract a typological analysis was conducted to analyze how taiwan s npo documentary productions varied in sparking publicity shaping policies and building activist networks in this study findings suggested that documentaries are favorable because they 1 have more sustainable advocacy impacts 2 are relatively easier to deploy in tackling sensitive issues normally circumcised in the institutional process and 3 are valuable tools to build internal consensus at special occasions efforts to create synergic effect were then discussed", "title_raw": "Engaging publics via documentaries: A typological study of advocacy functions among Taiwanese NPOs\u2019 productions", "abstract_raw": "Abstract A typological analysis was conducted to analyze how Taiwan's NPO documentary productions varied in sparking publicity, shaping policies, and building activist networks in this study. Findings suggested that documentaries are favorable because they (1) have more sustainable advocacy impacts, (2) are relatively easier to deploy in tackling sensitive issues normally circumcised in the institutional process, and (3) are valuable tools to build internal consensus at special occasions. Efforts to create synergic effect were then discussed." }, { "paper": "2054545663", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2011", "title": "robert v daniels", "label": [ "2780668109", "199539241", "51575053", "83009810", "158071213", "53844881" ], "author": [ "2111532763" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "robert v bill daniels died in burlington vermont on march 28 2010 at the age of 84 he was a distinguished scholar and teacher at the university of vermont for more than three decades a respected administrator in various university positions a president of the american association for the advancement of slavic studies and an elected state senator in the vermont legislature for nearly a decade he authored two dozen books on themes of fundamental importance mostly on revolution and modernization power and authority leadership and opposition participation and bureaucracy representation and communication and ideology and culture in the soviet union", "title_raw": "ROBERT V. DANIELS", "abstract_raw": "Robert V. (\u201cBill\u201d) Daniels died in Burlington, Vermont, on March 28, 2010, at the age of 84. He was a distinguished scholar and teacher at the University of Vermont for more than three decades, a respected administrator in various university positions, a president of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, and an elected state senator in the Vermont legislature for nearly a decade. He authored two dozen books on themes of fundamental importance, mostly on revolution and modernization, power and authority, leadership and opposition, participation and bureaucracy, representation and communication, and ideology and culture in the Soviet Union." }, { "paper": "2078411385", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2011", "title": "defeating creationism in the courtroom but not in the classroom", "label": [ "2779220109", "47177190", "2776154427", "199539241", "2778323131" ], "author": [ "1980464751", "267153270" ], "reference": [ "1967884940", "2057308114", "2122948173", "2131811423", "2135975544", "2143657314", "2159419268", "2161661902" ], "abstract": "just over 5 years ago the scientific community turned its attention to a courtroom in harrisburg pennsylvania eleven parents sued their dover pennsylvania school board to overturn a policy explicitly legitimizing intelligent design creationism the case kitzmiller v dover followed a familiar script local citizens wanted their religious values validated by the science curriculum prominent academics testified to the scientific consensus on evolution and creationists lost decisively intelligent design was not science held the court but rather an effort to advance a religious view via public schools a violation of the u s constitution s establishment clause 1 many scientists cheered the decision agreeing with the court that the school board displayed breathtaking inanity p 765 1 we suggest that the cheering was premature and the victory incomplete", "title_raw": "Defeating Creationism in the Courtroom, But Not in the Classroom", "abstract_raw": "Just over 5 years ago, the scientific community turned its attention to a courtroom in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Eleven parents sued their Dover, Pennsylvania, school board to overturn a policy explicitly legitimizing intelligent design creationism. The case, Kitzmiller v. Dover , followed a familiar script: Local citizens wanted their religious values validated by the science curriculum; prominent academics testified to the scientific consensus on evolution; and creationists lost decisively. Intelligent design was not science, held the court, but rather an effort to advance a religious view via public schools, a violation of the U.S. Constitution's Establishment Clause ( 1 ). Many scientists cheered the decision, agreeing with the court that the school board displayed \u201cbreathtaking inanity\u201d [p. 765 ( 1 )]. We suggest that the cheering was premature and the victory incomplete." }, { "paper": "1920780364", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2011", "title": "the european public sphere media and transnational communication in european integration 1969 1991 by j h meyer", "label": [ "2779610281", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2056231759" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The European Public Sphere: Media and Transnational Communication in European Integration, 1969\u20131991 \u2013 By J.-H. Meyer", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2072084971", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2011", "title": "regional development and interregional collaboration in the growth of nanotechnology research in china", "label": [ "2778304055", "191935318", "2780625559", "190275765" ], "author": [ "2228939397", "2148688881" ], "reference": [ "86261599", "1548466866", "1548777048", "1594701399", "1968715707", "1975024230", "1990175112", "2006205832", "2008241909", "2014638681", "2017000054", "2026755501", "2043335379", "2061078266", "2065858398", "2080803266", "2084534803", "2089926991", "2091250473", "2094898550", "2128812029", "2165233996", "2168153799", "2227558973", "2291653062", "3202801665" ], "abstract": "china is becoming a leading nation in terms of its share of the world s publications in the emerging nanotechnology domain this paper demonstrates that the international rise of china s position in nanotechnology has been underwritten by the emergence of a series of regional hubs of nanotechnology r d activity within the country we develop a unique database of chinese nanotechnology articles covering the period 1990 to mid 2006 to identify the regional distribution of nanotechnology research in china to build this database a new approach was developed to clean and standardize the geographical allocation of chinese publication records we then analyze the data to understand the regional development of nanotechnology research in china over our study period and to map interregional and international research collaboration linkages we find that the geographical distribution of china s domestic nanotechnology research is characterized by regional imbalance with most of the leading regions located in eastern china including not only beijing and shanghai but also a series of other new regional hubs there is much less development of nanotechnology research in central and western china beijing shanghai and hong kong are among the leading chinese regions for international nanotechnology research collaboration other chinese nanotechnology regions are less focused on international collaboration although they have developed domestic interregional collaborations although new regional research hubs have emerged in the nanotechnology domain the paper notes that their concentration in eastern china reinforces existing imbalances in science and technology capabilities in china and in turn this may further reinforce the dominant position of eastern china in the commercialization of new technologies such as nanotechnology", "title_raw": "Regional development and interregional collaboration in the growth of nanotechnology research in China", "abstract_raw": "China is becoming a leading nation in terms of its share of the world's publications in the emerging nanotechnology domain. This paper demonstrates that the international rise of China's position in nanotechnology has been underwritten by the emergence of a series of regional hubs of nanotechnology R&D activity within the country. We develop a unique database of Chinese nanotechnology articles covering the period 1990 to mid-2006 to identify the regional distribution of nanotechnology research in China. To build this database, a new approach was developed to clean and standardize the geographical allocation of Chinese publication records. We then analyze the data to understand the regional development of nanotechnology research in China over our study period and to map interregional and international research collaboration linkages. We find that the geographical distribution of China's domestic nanotechnology research is characterized by regional imbalance, with most of the leading regions located in eastern China, including not only Beijing and Shanghai but also a series of other new regional hubs. There is much less development of nanotechnology research in central and western China. Beijing, Shanghai, and Hong Kong are among the leading Chinese regions for international nanotechnology research collaboration. Other Chinese nanotechnology regions are less focused on international collaboration, although they have developed domestic interregional collaborations. Although new regional research hubs have emerged in the nanotechnology domain, the paper notes that their concentration in eastern China reinforces existing imbalances in science and technology capabilities in China, and in turn this may further reinforce the dominant position of eastern China in the commercialization of new technologies such as nanotechnology." }, { "paper": "3123676732", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2011", "title": "lightning in the hand indians and voting rights", "label": [ "94625758", "2779327062", "186229450", "2776398702", "2779121571", "199539241", "520049643", "2780781376", "139838865" ], "author": [ "2497770114" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Lightning in the Hand: Indians and Voting Rights", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1975597880", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2011", "title": "second order devolution data and doubt", "label": [ "3116431", "2776398702", "19185018", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "1986378220", "2276238491" ], "reference": [ "249677636", "265741298", "635943998", "1479851367", "1521275442", "1546126813", "1547157985", "1553261132", "1580288159", "1595422985", "2023099563", "2028401104", "2034196828", "2040304533", "2063624897", "2067489141", "2077817671", "2145655085", "2147398178", "2151454642", "2154218287", "2321538187", "2330353075", "2331953119", "2483270699", "2601721693", "2775164438", "3122942550", "3128636248", "3174730665" ], "abstract": "in this article we explore changes in state local relations our interest is the degree to which states have devolved power and authority to their localities or not from our empirical tests we conclude that although centralization was the dominant trend from the mid 1950s until the mid 1980s the pattern since then has been somewhat uneven and variable across states a survey of city managers supports a finding of a loss of local power at the hands of the states but a survey of legislators offers an alternative perspective we conclude with a discussion of the meaning and implications of state centralization and suggestions about how the concept could be captured more comprehensively", "title_raw": "Second-Order Devolution: Data and Doubt", "abstract_raw": "In this article, we explore changes in state\u2013local relations. Our interest is the degree to which states have devolved power and authority to their localities\u2009\u2026\u2009or not. From our empirical tests, we conclude that although centralization was the dominant trend from the mid-1950s until the mid-1980s, the pattern since then has been somewhat uneven and variable across states. A survey of city managers supports a finding of a loss of local power at the hands of the states, but a survey of legislators offers an alternative perspective. We conclude with a discussion of the meaning and implications of state centralization and suggestions about how the concept could be captured more comprehensively." }, { "paper": "2322534989", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2011", "title": "uncertain guardians the un security council s past and future", "label": [ "3116431", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2676290232" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Uncertain Guardians: The UN Security Council's past and Future", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2167454995", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2011", "title": "rich democracies poor people how politics explain poverty", "label": [ "178377140", "94625758", "189326681" ], "author": [ "2598047033" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rich Democracies, Poor People: How Politics Explain Poverty:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1547936160", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2011", "title": "the eyes that bind junior ministers as oversight mechanisms in coalition governments", "label": [ "3116431", "160663922", "148834064", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2054068741", "2137293549" ], "reference": [ "140810306", "148167203", "628052711", "1522977723", "1539633078", "1585653421", "1993452298", "2013019139", "2016627412", "2091029268", "2099304543", "2108216491", "2110357169", "2116765065", "2136546954", "2141821474", "2142200626", "2160835834", "2329103711", "2493993253", "2737344756", "2745368811", "3122965367", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "research on multiparty governments has started to debate how coalition partners oversee each other s policymaking due to the divergence of preferences among partners and the difficulty of sanctioning members of other parties cabinet members attempt to monitor each other in policymaking activities through the use of junior ministers by analyzing multiple countries governments across decades this article contributes to the current debate about government oversight by defining the circumstances under which parties in coalition governments choose to use junior ministers to keep tabs on ministers from coalition partners specifically we contend that their use depends on the power dynamics within a coalition as well as the institutional structures in the broader political environment 1", "title_raw": "The Eyes that Bind: Junior Ministers as Oversight Mechanisms in Coalition Governments", "abstract_raw": "Research on multiparty governments has started to debate how coalition partners oversee each other\u2019s policymaking. Due to the divergence of preferences among partners and the difficulty of sanctioning members of other parties, cabinet members attempt to monitor each other in policymaking activities through the use of junior ministers. By analyzing multiple countries\u2019 governments across decades, this article contributes to the current debate about government oversight by defining the circumstances under which parties in coalition governments choose to use junior ministers to keep tabs on ministers from coalition partners. Specifically, we contend that their use depends on the power dynamics within a coalition, as well as the institutional structures in the broader political environment.1" }, { "paper": "2002217947", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2011", "title": "getting registered and getting to the polls the impact of voter registration strategy and information provision on turnout of college students", "label": [ "520049643", "2780030507", "2776900844", "39549134", "2776129789", "2779838221" ], "author": [ "1267318691", "2106276244" ], "reference": [ "137766899", "225081910", "592617597", "658255010", "1504854090", "1515568215", "1520037930", "1545324399", "1930813282", "1952552476", "1977825494", "1981416891", "1984574145", "1997165576", "2026082311", "2030398623", "2035534527", "2049543559", "2059261348", "2060243407", "2060635194", "2066451361", "2082528847", "2083058746", "2089711410", "2093097231", "2104469571", "2105473974", "2106169070", "2125299760", "2133689495", "2146213965", "2147356545", "2155911790", "2161512412", "2169089925", "2170484297", "2248820955", "2323499193", "2329648039", "2484092606" ], "abstract": "each election year colleges and universities across the nation witness a plethora of on campus voter registration activities the results of these drives are most often assessed by tallying the number of voter registration cards collected little has been done however to more carefully investigate these results as a first attempt to examine postdrive results more thoroughly we ask two questions first do students who register through an on campus voter registration drive actually make it to the voting booth second does providing basic information about the voting process increase turnout among students who register through an on campus voter registration drive in this study we investigate the overall turnout rate of students registering to vote in the 2008 presidential election through on campus registration drives by validating votes through the office of the county voting registrar we then compare the turnout rate of students who registered through the on campus drives with the turnout rate of similar young people nationwide finally we investigate whether the provision of information through certain avenues boosts turnout our findings show that students who registered through an on campus voter registration drive turned out to vote at a higher rate than similar young people nationwide additionally we found small but important effects of information provision through different formats", "title_raw": "Getting Registered and Getting to the Polls: The Impact of Voter Registration Strategy and Information Provision on Turnout of College Students", "abstract_raw": "Each election year, colleges and universities across the nation witness a plethora of on-campus voter registration activities. The results of these drives are most often assessed by tallying the number of voter registration cards collected. Little has been done, however, to more carefully investigate these results. As a first attempt to examine postdrive results more thoroughly, we ask two questions. First, do students who register through an on-campus voter registration drive actually make it to the voting booth? Second, does providing basic information about the voting process increase turnout among students who register through an on-campus voter registration drive? In this study, we investigate the overall turnout rate of students registering to vote in the 2008 presidential election through on-campus registration drives by validating votes through the office of the county voting registrar. We then compare the turnout rate of students who registered through the on-campus drives with the turnout rate of similar young people nationwide. Finally, we investigate whether the provision of information through certain avenues boosts turnout. Our findings show that students who registered through an on-campus voter registration drive turned out to vote at a higher rate than similar young people nationwide. Additionally, we found small but important effects of information provision through different formats." }, { "paper": "2084205717", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2011", "title": "three days in bucharest making sense of romania s transitional violence 20 years on", "label": [ "555826173", "2776847301", "164429055" ], "author": [ "2309064335" ], "reference": [ "621442415", "653691980", "657812585", "1987588470", "2053290681", "2057656820", "2070773300", "2109925048", "2326623100", "2400728069", "2485294181" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Three Days in Bucharest: Making Sense of Romania's Transitional Violence, 20 Years On", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2000312215", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2011", "title": "mali researcher shows how to reverse brain drain", "label": [ "2777540979" ], "author": [ "2505882187" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "serving one of the world9s poorest countries mali9s health system is stretched to the breaking point yet here in the capital city of bamako ogobara doumbo has built the malaria research and training center mrtc and nurtured by his count five generations of researchers committed to solving one of the continent9s most intransigent problems since co founding mrtc with support from the u s national institutes of health in 1992 doumbo has led it into state of the art research on mosquito genetics vaccine testing and drug resistance furthermore mrtc supports a network of research affiliated clinics throughout mali in very basic village settings doumbo has cultivated this cadre for 15 years what he calls the bush doctor initiative to bring top quality medical research and practice to villages", "title_raw": "Mali Researcher Shows How to Reverse Brain Drain", "abstract_raw": "Serving one of the world9s poorest countries, Mali9s health system is stretched to the breaking point. Yet here in the capital city of Bamako, Ogobara Doumbo has built the Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC) and nurtured, by his count, five generations of researchers committed to solving one of the continent9s most intransigent problems. Since co-founding MRTC with support from the U.S. National Institutes of Health in 1992, Doumbo has led it into state-of-the-art research on mosquito genetics, vaccine testing, and drug resistance. Furthermore, MRTC supports a network of research-affiliated clinics throughout Mali in very basic village settings. Doumbo has cultivated this cadre for 15 years, what he calls \"the bush doctor initiative,\" to bring top-quality medical research and practice to villages." }, { "paper": "2319728563", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2011", "title": "book review miwa hirono civilizing missions international religious agencies in china basingstoke palgrave macmillan 2008 262 pp 58 00 hbk", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2208222241" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Miwa Hirono, Civilizing Missions: International Religious Agencies in China (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, 262 pp., \u00a358.00 hbk)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2587990610", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2011", "title": "review promoting democracy and the rule of law american andeuropean strategies by amichai magen thomas risse andmichael a mcfaul eds", "label": [ "555826173", "93377909", "2776847301", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2714051626" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the review introduces and critically evaluates the book promoting democracy and the rule of law american and european strategies by amichai magen thomas risse and michael a mcfaul eds", "title_raw": "Review: \u201ePromoting democracy and the rule of law. American andEuropean strategies\u201c by Amichai Magen, Thomas Risse, andMichael A. McFaul (eds)", "abstract_raw": "The review introduces and critically evaluates the book:\n\u201ePromoting democracy and the rule of law. American and European\nstrategies\u201c by Amichai Magen, Thomas Risse, and Michael A.\nMcFaul (eds)." }, { "paper": "1989494645", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2011", "title": "linking citizens and parties how electoral systems matter for political representation by lawrence ezrow oxford university press 2010", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "1888074534" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Linking Citizens and Parties: How Electoral Systems Matter for Political Representation . By Lawrence Ezrow (Oxford University Press, 2010.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2138841663", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2011", "title": "kenji shibuya promoting global health in japan", "label": [ "46578552", "2779473830", "520712124", "2909449942" ], "author": [ "2107776448" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Kenji Shibuya: promoting global health in Japan.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1966283783", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2011", "title": "from the world s largest propaganda machine to a multipurposed global news agency factors in and implications of xinhua s transformation since 1978", "label": [ "2776398702", "191935318", "2778304055", "2780219775", "2119116", "2779563262" ], "author": [ "2692408038" ], "reference": [ "93279954", "182568238", "585553087", "615440254", "639626939", "1488593394", "1508699759", "1533062028", "1587867616", "1981884177", "1988187400", "2017537237", "2026594763", "2043160427", "2057057474", "2063057172", "2071985981", "2082615161", "2087360800", "2093748967", "2260661363", "2284470278", "2477788858", "2504825344" ], "abstract": "the xinhua news agency is china s largest state news agency it is also the largest news agency among developing countries this research examines the changes xinhua has undergone over the past three decades under the backdrop of a the end of the cold war b the trend of globalization and various challenges it has brought to world news agencies c drastic changes in both international and national news agencies across the world and d china s eager desire to become a world superpower three questions are studied what are the major changes that xinhua has experienced since china adopted the reform policy in 1978 what factors have contributed to the transformation xinhua has undergone and what are the implications of xinhua s transformation the primary material data were obtained from field research at the headquarters of the xinhua news agency in beijing china", "title_raw": "From the World's Largest Propaganda Machine to a Multipurposed Global News Agency: Factors in and Implications of Xinhua's Transformation Since 1978", "abstract_raw": "The Xinhua News Agency is China's largest state news agency. It is also the largest news agency among developing countries. This research examines the changes Xinhua has undergone over the past three decades under the backdrop of (a) the end of the Cold War, (b) the trend of globalization and various challenges it has brought to world news agencies, (c) drastic changes in both international and national news agencies across the world, and (d) China's eager desire to become a world superpower. Three questions are studied: What are the major changes that Xinhua has experienced since China adopted the reform policy in 1978? What factors have contributed to the transformation Xinhua has undergone? and What are the implications of Xinhua's transformation? The primary material/data were obtained from field research at the headquarters of the Xinhua News Agency in Beijing, China." }, { "paper": "2383281317", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2011", "title": "comparative analysis on entrepreneurship education in the world s famous business schools and its enlightenment", "label": [ "148834064", "39549134", "84309077", "134819137", "47177190" ], "author": [ "2711718815" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the entrepreneurship education in the world s famous business schools are distinctive in aspects of the educational objectives the management system the curriculum design and the practical teaching project colleges and universities in our country should learn from the experience of entrepreneurship education in the world s famous business schools change ideas in carrying entrepreneurship education establish a new management system of entrepreneurship education get government businesses financial institutions and local communities involved in entrepreneurship education and advocate the exploration in entrepreneurship education model", "title_raw": "Comparative Analysis on Entrepreneurship Education in the World's Famous Business Schools and Its Enlightenment", "abstract_raw": "The entrepreneurship education in the world's famous business schools are distinctive in aspects of the educational objectives,the management system,the curriculum design and the practical teaching project.Colleges and universities in our country should learn from the experience of entrepreneurship education in the world's famous business schools,change ideas in carrying entrepreneurship education,establish a new management system of entrepreneurship education,get government,businesses,financial institutions and local communities involved in entrepreneurship education,and advocate the exploration in entrepreneurship education model." }, { "paper": "1919195316", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2011", "title": "the good the bad and the ugly in comparative regionalism a comment on sbragia", "label": [ "549326192" ], "author": [ "2558832440" ], "reference": [ "196260442", "1561461110", "2118069220", "2122604772", "2493105416", "2494683393", "2499052468", "2505788457", "2891749796", "3125279728" ], "abstract": "in a recent article in jcms alberta sbragia argued that the field of comparative regionalism features a number of deficiencies and that these deficiencies are such that the very existence of comparative regionalism as a field of study can be questioned although she rightly points to a number of conceptual and methodological problems that comparative regionalism is facing this short article challenges various of the points she is raising and indicates why comparative regionalism is an important and promising area for research", "title_raw": "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in Comparative Regionalism: A Comment on Sbragia", "abstract_raw": "In a recent article in JCMS, Alberta Sbragia argued that the field of comparative regionalism features a number of deficiencies, and that these deficiencies are such that the very existence of comparative regionalism as a field of study can be questioned. Although she rightly points to a number of conceptual and methodological problems that comparative regionalism is facing, this short article challenges various of the points she is raising and indicates why comparative regionalism is an important and promising area for research." }, { "paper": "2080953553", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2011", "title": "patrimonial alliances and failures of state penetration a historical dynamic of crime corruption gangs and mafias", "label": [ "201342494", "71662882", "3116431", "27219730", "2779607744", "2776398702", "51575053", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2607636063" ], "reference": [ "166705791", "579312916", "625668069", "628124282", "1487604077", "1503269178", "1520862683", "1548297795", "1549804395", "1576112670", "1601337787", "1964608548", "1978213954", "1981635445", "1989394405", "1993651573", "1994990033", "2001615755", "2039094939", "2046916927", "2049844255", "2058382345", "2059138046", "2067589470", "2093356425", "2094517279", "2165284153", "2320118167", "2320400310", "2323135752", "2323717780", "2326128944", "2332541332", "2521280595", "2789004051", "2795652298", "2999293252", "3092526142", "3186404406" ], "abstract": "the historical shift from patrimonialism to bureaucracy is the key organizational transformation of the past thousand years classically patrimonialism was organization based on private households plus alliances among them but there are two types of patrimonial organization expanded households and patrimonial alliances or pseudo tribes the latter include ad hoc warrior coalitions frequently organized as fictive kin the main historical cause of the shift from patrimonialism to bureaucracy was the military fiscal revolution and ensuing state penetration into society but patrimonial politics did not entirely disappear in some areas the state fails to penetrate leaving the possibility of mafia style organization elsewhere political machines are a mixed form of incomplete bureaucracy gangs are patrimonial organizations growing in dialectical conflict with bureaucratic penetration and efforts at control through a comparison of american sicilian and russian mafias the questions considered are", "title_raw": "Patrimonial Alliances and Failures of State Penetration A Historical Dynamic of Crime, Corruption, Gangs, and Mafias", "abstract_raw": "The historical shift from patrimonialism to bureaucracy is the key organizational transformation of the past thousand years. Classically, patrimonialism was organization based on private households, plus alliances among them. But there are two types of patrimonial organization: expanded households and patrimonial alliances or pseudo-tribes. The latter include ad hoc warrior coalitions, frequently organized as fictive kin. The main historical cause of the shift from patrimonialism to bureaucracy was the military-fiscal revolution and ensuing state penetration into society. But patrimonial politics did not entirely disappear. In some areas, the state fails to penetrate, leaving the possibility of mafia-style organization. Elsewhere, political machines are a mixed form of incomplete bureaucracy. Gangs are patrimonial organizations, growing in dialectical conflict with bureaucratic penetration and efforts at control. Through a comparison of American, Sicilian, and Russian mafias, the questions considered are ..." }, { "paper": "2130178778", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2011", "title": "the influence of foreign voices on u s public opinion", "label": [ "558299567", "2780668109", "56617239", "199539241", "93377909", "94625758", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2716151165", "2025766200" ], "reference": [ "48574729", "107596934", "367785473", "586694570", "589580990", "601885399", "602502703", "615127149", "646556860", "1483734332", "1485358265", "1485893541", "1485901305", "1495679691", "1531616157", "1554626463", "1560295184", "1560740885", "1568955415", "1587990062", "1592922617", "1898398163", "1913804498", "1977044045", "1986713131", "1987684313", "1989665420", "1999215716", "2004346146", "2012728340", "2030398623", "2034002124", "2045194028", "2051322002", "2053471255", "2055231876", "2057012170", "2061630911", "2061917434", "2063098356", "2065710950", "2076758314", "2077630738", "2078561014", "2081711153", "2082074469", "2085001395", "2088703500", "2090925858", "2093615526", "2094685125", "2097821774", "2100631627", "2103361102", "2108998858", "2109944962", "2110530294", "2120061261", "2121993559", "2129300999", "2129912544", "2137735723", "2141756817", "2142573394", "2145180360", "2151796435", "2155333785", "2156024651", "2156903974", "2157979842", "2158437999", "2163840876", "2165177348", "2172299554", "2202539082", "2251119322", "2274507746", "2286269922", "2315688625", "2324427833", "2327704877", "2332965671", "2488973111", "2494254723", "2602689365", "2605307310", "2607196329", "2800951387", "3021232305", "3125270158", "3175406823" ], "abstract": "public opinion in the lead up to the 2003 iraq war presents a puzzle despite the fact that domestic political elites publicly voiced little opposition to the invasion large numbers of americans remained opposed to military action throughout the pre war period in contrast to the predictions of existing theory we argue that some rank and file democrats and independents expressed opposition because of the widely reported antiwar positions staked out by foreign not domestic elites merging a large scale content analysis of news coverage with public opinion surveys from august 2002 through march 2003 we show that democrats and independents especially those with high levels of political awareness responded to dissenting arguments articulated in the mass media by foreign officials our results which constitute the first empirical demonstration of foreign elite communication effects on u s public opinion show that scholars must account for the role played by non u s officials in prominent foreign policy debates", "title_raw": "The Influence of Foreign Voices on U.S. Public Opinion", "abstract_raw": "Public opinion in the lead-up to the 2003 Iraq War presents a puzzle. Despite the fact that domestic political elites publicly voiced little opposition to the invasion, large numbers of Americans remained opposed to military action throughout the pre-war period, in contrast to the predictions of existing theory. We argue that some rank-and-file Democrats and independents expressed opposition because of the widely reported antiwar positions staked out by foreign, not domestic, elites. Merging a large-scale content analysis of news coverage with public opinion surveys from August 2002 through March 2003, we show that Democrats and independents\u2014especially those with high levels of political awareness\u2014responded to dissenting arguments articulated in the mass media by foreign officials. Our results, which constitute the first empirical demonstration of foreign elite\u2002communication\u2002effects on U.S. public opinion, show that scholars must account for the role played by non-U.S. officials in prominent foreign policy debates." }, { "paper": "2020997140", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2011", "title": "crisis communication in higher education the use of negotiation as a strategy to manage crisis", "label": [ "48798503", "2780851881", "2776058685", "39549134", "199776023", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2695198439" ], "reference": [ "563246804", "2038272572", "2082289330", "2127178654" ], "abstract": "abstract this case study examined the crisis response strategies of louisiana state university after its women s head basketball coach resigned amid charges of inappropriate conduct with former basketball players this case study draws on relationship management and negotiation as the theoretical lens to examine the efforts of the university in managing relationships and restoring its image data for this study was collected through opened ended questionnaires from students faculty and staff at the university the findings from this study indicate that the good reputation of the university was responsible for the positive evaluation of the crisis management in addition results from this study suggest that negotiation can play an important role in managing a crisis when the conflicting parties are not willing to participate in a dialogue", "title_raw": "Crisis communication in higher education: The use of \u201cnegotiation\u201d as a strategy to manage crisis", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This case study examined the crisis response strategies of Louisiana State University after its women's head basketball coach resigned amid charges of inappropriate conduct with former basketball players. This case study draws on relationship management and negotiation as the theoretical lens to examine the efforts of the University in managing relationships and restoring its image. Data for this study was collected through opened-ended questionnaires from students, faculty, and staff at the University. The findings from this study indicate that the good reputation of the University was responsible for the positive evaluation of the crisis management. In addition, results from this study suggest that \u201cnegotiation\u201d can play an important role in managing a crisis when the conflicting parties are not willing to participate in a dialogue." }, { "paper": "207349186", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2011", "title": "u s russian agreement of civil nuclear cooperation enters into force", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "U.S.-Russian Agreement of Civil Nuclear Cooperation Enters into Force", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2026855678", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2011", "title": "right wing extremist violence in the russian federation", "label": [ "203133693", "2779808665", "200288055", "2777162435", "199539241", "94625758", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2000798294", "2165507676" ], "reference": [ "67332667", "155623887", "1543654792", "1607330310", "2053504858", "2236364008", "2341231522", "2511284413", "2631215863", "2972848950" ], "abstract": "abstract this article analyses contemporary forms of extreme right violence in russia the authors deal with the traditions and ideological background of the militant right wing extremist scene as well as with its contemporary social and political background the most important forms of right wing extremist violence are identified as ad hoc hate crimes local ethnically motivated conflicts activities of organised gangs the existence of paramilitary units and terrorist tendencies political reactions to this violence in russia are described the authors come to the conclusion that the threat of extreme right violence will remain an important element of russia s future security development", "title_raw": "Right-Wing Extremist Violence in the Russian Federation", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This article analyses contemporary forms of extreme-right violence in Russia. The authors deal with the traditions and ideological background of the militant right-wing extremist scene as well as with its contemporary social and political background. The most important forms of right-wing extremist violence are identified as ad hoc hate crimes, local ethnically motivated conflicts, activities of organised gangs, the existence of paramilitary units and terrorist tendencies. Political reactions to this violence in Russia are described. The authors come to the conclusion that the threat of extreme-right violence will remain an important element of Russia's future security development." }, { "paper": "3037900065", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2011", "title": "erratum welfare politics in congress ps political science and politics 351 52 doi 10 1017 s104909651100031x", "label": [ "94625758", "100243477" ], "author": [ "2052246189" ], "reference": [ "2023302683" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Erratum: Welfare politics in congress (PS: Political Science and Politics (351-52) DOI:10.1017/S104909651100031X)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3123942883", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2011", "title": "the tragedy of the nomenklatura career incentives and political radicalism during china s great leap famine", "label": [ "158071213", "94625758", "542948173", "191935318", "190475667", "2778589402" ], "author": [ "2131489086", "2308688249" ], "reference": [ "110429153", "574238454", "586047168", "598141124", "610536447", "616296319", "1484211865", "1518250792", "1520386898", "1591209570", "1599051804", "1905325323", "1971374029", "1977825494", "1979096494", "1980019366", "1985804894", "1988287638", "1988662147", "1995428034", "2000478406", "2004083554", "2007036511", "2008670369", "2010235856", "2010604959", "2012116515", "2016068207", "2021003333", "2021291944", "2029176763", "2030576955", "2032919092", "2037989796", "2043524469", "2044080783", "2052279237", "2056740872", "2057942561", "2059176358", "2061972217", "2064943648", "2068488052", "2068887923", "2076368019", "2082028818", "2086078954", "2089374076", "2097118026", "2102461236", "2107421312", "2111087961", "2112497946", "2127525455", "2128534216", "2130522076", "2134360568", "2135256695", "2147730075", "2149926512", "2153204398", "2162803060", "2195969555", "2254654440", "2256694404", "2291541023", "2312342511", "2316424545", "2316474857", "2317589610", "2324479299", "2329780223", "2331075201", "2332975800", "2469645708", "2484158462", "2492834754", "2566856888", "2573703686", "2890151335", "2908531945", "3124099175", "3124765886", "3126103898" ], "abstract": "a salient feature of china s great leap famine is that political radicalism varied enormously across provinces using excessive grain procurement as a pertinent measure we find that such variations were patterned systematically on the political career incentives of communist party officials rather than the conventionally assumed ideology or personal idiosyncrasies political rank alone can explain 16 83 of the excess death rate the excess procurement ratio of provinces governed by alternate members of the central committee was about 3 higher than in provinces governed by full members or there was an approximate 1 11 increase in the excess death rate the stronger career incentives of alternate members can be explained by the distinctly greater privileges status and power conferred only on the rank of full members of the central committee and the entry barriers to the politburo that full members faced", "title_raw": "The tragedy of the nomenklatura: Career incentives and political radicalism during China's great leap famine", "abstract_raw": "A salient feature of China's Great Leap Famine is that political radicalism varied enormously across provinces. Using excessive grain procurement as a pertinent measure, we find that such variations were patterned systematically on the political career incentives of Communist Party officials rather than the conventionally assumed ideology or personal idiosyncrasies. Political rank alone can explain 16.83% of the excess death rate: the excess procurement ratio of provinces governed by alternate members of the Central Committee was about 3% higher than in provinces governed by full members, or there was an approximate 1.11\u2030 increase in the excess death rate. The stronger career incentives of alternate members can be explained by the distinctly greater privileges, status, and power conferred only on the rank of full members of the Central Committee and the \u201centry barriers\u201d to the Politburo that full members faced." }, { "paper": "2114631096", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2011", "title": "pracademics mixing an academic career with practical politics", "label": [ "2776424047", "2779879524", "68151297", "94625758", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2120968947", "2481541213" ], "reference": [ "2000750754", "2050392150", "2082200509", "2111987272", "2316995257", "2330885095", "2469874234" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "\u201cPracademics\u201d: Mixing an Academic Career with Practical Politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2325152577", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2011", "title": "international norms domestic politics and the death penalty comparing japan south korea and taiwan", "label": [ "76775654", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2630481120" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "International Norms, Domestic Politics, and the Death Penalty: Comparing Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2001448778", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2011", "title": "influence of advertising on acceptance of press releases", "label": [ "201280247" ], "author": [ "2670085172", "2570769813" ], "reference": [ "2001957411", "2165521253", "2338947611" ], "abstract": "abstract to analyze the influence of advertising on the acceptance of press releases this study examined two national and two local newspapers the results of this study show that journalists and editors partially consider advertisers while selecting press releases specifically local newspapers give more consideration to advertisers than national newspapers however when journalists and editors select press releases they consider not only advertisers but the newsworthiness of the press releases", "title_raw": "Influence of advertising on acceptance of press releases", "abstract_raw": "Abstract To analyze the influence of advertising on the acceptance of press releases, this study examined two national and two local newspapers. The results of this study show that journalists and editors partially consider advertisers while selecting press releases. Specifically, local newspapers give more consideration to advertisers than national newspapers. However, when journalists and editors select press releases, they consider not only advertisers but the newsworthiness of the press releases." }, { "paper": "2020884769", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2011", "title": "state building security and development state building as a new development paradigm", "label": [ "34355311", "87616379", "2779175671", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2403479033", "2045346794" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "state building is currently experiencing a renaissance of sorts cutting across disciplines such as international relations political studies anthropology economics international development an", "title_raw": "State Building, Security and Development: state building as a new development paradigm?", "abstract_raw": "State building is currently experiencing a renaissance of sorts, cutting across disciplines such as international relations, political studies, anthropology, economics, international development an..." }, { "paper": "2085142390", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2011", "title": "the public and its possibilities triumphs and tragedies in the american city", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2080627205" ], "reference": [ "2002723499", "2327093872" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Public and Its Possibilities: Triumphs and Tragedies in the American City", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2167239691", "venue": "32314625", "year": "2011", "title": "who s afraid of population decline a critical examination of its consequences", "label": [ "94625758", "2775987467" ], "author": [ "2143742674", "2442334318" ], "reference": [ "2375481", "11143614", "54047107", "61602770", "110726528", "137233679", "146347494", "239013920", "433896941", "590929643", "593709990", "603675627", "606337980", "608961189", "645870708", "654519986", "655618662", "1483731695", "1485951702", "1494599177", "1511210931", "1539909020", "1543142575", "1555386073", "1559187613", "1573601859", "1594101546", "1607114424", "1625014666", "1887596087", "1897898405", "1974646998", "1986002512", "1988992577", "1993387221", "1998950601", "1999552205", "2000621867", "2008325103", "2010294065", "2013112647", "2013895692", "2019463479", "2020159352", "2030466015", "2031071000", "2032724453", "2034156019", "2035683134", "2043233801", "2054518398", "2061303011", "2064454189", "2065666343", "2074436239", "2074438095", "2080955185", "2082629934", "2084705897", "2093669268", "2093827718", "2100343889", "2107714734", "2112433083", "2120080863", "2126868211", "2133997410", "2137848826", "2141582218", "2142618774", "2144429137", "2145908473", "2161793770", "2165986379", "2171773486", "2220665341", "2255549505", "2271462187", "2280749046", "2315852382", "2317917045", "2319018764", "2323188241", "2324888451", "2329233437", "2330493960", "2489153787", "2492033742", "2589112797", "2601746095", "2625431850", "2740413491", "2796358033", "2798631755", "2802742582", "2917134576", "3023519340", "3104121090", "3123381036", "3123982643", "3124481824", "3141517119", "3145345180", "3201558565" ], "abstract": "this chapter examines the prospect of population decline in the modern world and its relationship with population aging it evaluates the likely consequences for economy society and environment and considers whether population decline should be considered as part of a broader system of feedback linking micro and macro demographic processes to the economy and the environment the author cites reasons for fearing population decline to include economic growth military security civil political power and productivity whether population decline itself should always be regarded as a problem is a controversial matter the authors conclude that it should not be after examining population studies in europe the united states australia and japan", "title_raw": "Who's afraid of population decline? A critical examination of its consequences.", "abstract_raw": "This chapter examines the prospect of population decline in the modern world and its relationship with population aging. It evaluates the likely consequences for economy society and environment and considers whether population decline should be considered as part of a broader system of feedback linking micro and macro demographic processes to the economy and the environment. The author cites reasons for fearing population decline to include economic growth military security civil political power and productivity. Whether population decline itself should always be regarded as a problem is a controversial matter; the authors conclude that it should not be after examining population studies in Europe the United States Australia and Japan." }, { "paper": "2039882109", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2011", "title": "developing interests organizational change and the politics of advocacy by mcgee young university of kansas press 2010", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2045600624" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Developing Interests: Organizational Change and the Politics of Advocacy . By McGee Young. (University of Kansas Press, 2010.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2743151366", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2011", "title": "rethinking the mba business education at a crossroads", "label": [ "523056402", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2988347018", "740765281" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rethinking the MBA: Business Education at a Crossroads", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2322695474", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2011", "title": "the political economy of refugee migration and foreign aid by mathias czaika", "label": [ "173145845" ], "author": [ "2597717151" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Political Economy of Refugee Migration and Foreign Aid. By Mathias Czaika.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2940471625", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2011", "title": "ethnicity and the politics of aids a discussion of boundaries of contagion how ethnic politics have shaped government responses to aids", "label": [ "148834064", "137403100", "94625758" ], "author": [ "3175868772" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ethnicity and the Politics of AIDS: A Discussion of Boundaries of Contagion: How Ethnic Politics Have Shaped Government Responses to AIDS", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2047805497", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2011", "title": "india and international norms of climate governance a constructivist analysis of normative congruence building", "label": [ "2779417324", "2776398702", "44725695", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2111493161" ], "reference": [ "4371184", "207303100", "346622904", "369764356", "437877368", "572619147", "594323704", "613331423", "619577680", "638451524", "643715927", "648364776", "651280255", "651700172", "655193968", "1483811063", "1493934312", "1504798914", "1508950158", "1520860545", "1551758382", "1552759065", "1565850046", "1581407296", "1582704739", "1975491357", "1982579431", "1984623259", "1989911472", "2001442493", "2018333938", "2034704798", "2046230842", "2064114117", "2065030524", "2065203401", "2066073345", "2076603562", "2076839050", "2080102480", "2084358903", "2085032178", "2110438916", "2111599962", "2123911896", "2153031274", "2156250533", "2158992182", "2160422654", "2164304100", "2170803168", "2325124695", "2388586751", "2476946850", "2479241298", "2586432828", "2797922373", "2810203815", "2901651157", "2920425649", "3092428740" ], "abstract": "this article explores the process by which norms of international climate governance have diffused and evolved over time the author develops a constructivist explanation for observed normative shifts in international climate governance this explanation highlights the importance of building and maintaining congruence between domestic conditions and international norms due to the inherently fluid nature of both domestic conditions and international norms it is argued that normative congruence building should be understood as an integral and iterative aspect of the norm diffusion process this argument is substantiated through an analysis of the norm diffusion process in the context of india a state commonly identified as an important player in international climate change politics but one that has received surprisingly little scholarly attention in this area", "title_raw": "India and international norms of climate governance: A constructivist analysis of normative congruence building", "abstract_raw": "This article explores the process by which norms of international climate governance have diffused and evolved over time. The author develops a constructivist explanation for observed normative shifts in international climate governance. This explanation highlights the importance of building and maintaining congruence between domestic conditions and international norms. Due to the inherently fluid nature of both domestic conditions and international norms, it is argued that normative congruence building should be understood as an integral and iterative aspect of the norm diffusion process. This argument is substantiated through an analysis of the norm diffusion process in the context of India: a state commonly identified as an important player in international climate change politics, but one that has received surprisingly little scholarly attention in this area." }, { "paper": "2565939308", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2011", "title": "a false dawn for yemen s militants", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2566772478" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A False Dawn for Yemen's Militants", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1565845907", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2011", "title": "america s lived constitution", "label": [ "2776154427" ], "author": [ "2708385095" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "America's Lived Constitution", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2004450130", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2011", "title": "intolerance retain healthy scepticism", "label": [ "200113983", "199539241", "134698397", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2083037419" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the uk government s chief scientist john beddington has done much to promote the potential of science to address pressing global imperatives but in a straight talking speech last month he urged his audience of 300 government scientists to be grossly intolerant of pernicious and fatuous pseudoscience in this he included scepticism of genetic modification technology illegitimate advocacy of environmental precaution in response to unknowns and suggestions that science is subject to morality this approach is a rejection not just of irrational denial but of entirely reasonable social scepticism concerning science itself", "title_raw": "Intolerance: retain healthy scepticism", "abstract_raw": "The UK government's chief scientist, John Beddington, has done much to promote the potential of science to address pressing global imperatives. But in a straight-talking speech last month, he urged his audience of 300 government scientists to be \u201cgrossly intolerant\u201d of \u201cpernicious\u201d and \u201cfatuous\u201d \u201cpseudoscience\u201d. In this he included: scepticism of genetic modification technology; \u201cillegitimate\u201d advocacy of environmental precaution in response to unknowns; and suggestions that science is subject to morality. This approach is a rejection not just of irrational denial but of entirely reasonable social scepticism concerning science itself." }, { "paper": "1942129861", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2011", "title": "buttery guns and welfare hawks the politics of defense spending in advanced industrial democracies", "label": [ "509929229", "93377909", "3116431", "158071213", "148834064", "100243477", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2230230064", "2157273945" ], "reference": [ "612409120", "628052711", "632655355", "645769226", "1518426463", "1519705195", "1573921637", "1583645667", "1965341831", "1975481215", "1978775682", "2008693296", "2008792196", "2025396970", "2034301206", "2038653692", "2041919235", "2056720463", "2082642374", "2094701196", "2095609712", "2095714582", "2097891855", "2099304543", "2100874192", "2110865089", "2117513178", "2128253943", "2134661501", "2135732364", "2137003500", "2140298533", "2150082128", "2314707936", "2316366329", "2320144218", "2321692826", "2329432729", "2473231964", "2509728684", "3121137574", "3125554979", "3145410048" ], "abstract": "in this article we present a new theory that given the economic consequences of military spending some governments may use military spending as a means of advancing their domestic non military objectives based on evidence that governments can use military spending as welfare policy in disguise we argue that the role of ideology in shaping military spending is more complicated than simple left right politics we also present a theory that strategic elites take advantage of opportunities presented by international events leading us to expect governments that favor more hawkish foreign policy policies to use low level international conflicts as opportunities for increasing military spending using pooled time series data from 19 advanced democracies in the post world war ii period we find that government ideology measured as welfare and international positions interacts with the international security environment to affect defense spending", "title_raw": "Buttery Guns and Welfare Hawks: The Politics of Defense Spending in Advanced Industrial Democracies", "abstract_raw": "In this article, we present a new theory that, given the economic consequences of military spending, some governments may use military spending as a means of advancing their domestic non\u2010military objectives. Based on evidence that governments can use military spending as welfare policy in disguise, we argue that the role of ideology in shaping military spending is more complicated than simple left\u2010right politics. We also present a theory that strategic elites take advantage of opportunities presented by international events, leading us to expect governments that favor more hawkish foreign policy policies to use low\u2010level international conflicts as opportunities for increasing military spending. Using pooled time\u2010series data from 19 advanced democracies in the post\u2013World War II period, we find that government ideology, measured as welfare and international positions, interacts with the international security environment to affect defense spending." }, { "paper": "2095219517", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2011", "title": "the europeanization of flexicurity the lisbon strategy s impact on employment policies in italy and poland", "label": [ "2780431834", "2776051254", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1961257412" ], "reference": [ "4371184", "258124801", "560493094", "616149572", "641067005", "1568781630", "1608457708", "1654741308", "1976171851", "1980989908", "1984562105", "1992796126", "1993132818", "1996822150", "1998878068", "2002486309", "2025303235", "2033791084", "2046589936", "2060619253", "2072395157", "2082149062", "2085316628", "2099494180", "2120417735", "2120536438", "2139117765", "2157492187", "2169005419", "2169015457", "2171717229", "2480661975", "2481858128", "2594180131", "2890768554", "3000702810", "3121147769", "3126055953" ], "abstract": "the lisbon strategy promoted flexicurity as a means to achieve full employment and modernize national labour markets in the european union flexicurity which combines flexible labour markets and secure employment became a leitmotif not only for the european employment strategy and the lisbon strategy but also for national employment policies however this contribution shows that there were mixed results in terms of policy adoption in italy and poland two countries with similar structural employment problems looking at the policy content of flexicurity in terms of its goals and instruments the contribution s findings demonstrate that policy change is dependent on the political parties in power supporting the eu while policy inertia is expected when the parties are characterized by hard euroscepticism", "title_raw": "The Europeanization of flexicurity: the Lisbon Strategy's impact on employment policies in Italy and Poland", "abstract_raw": "The Lisbon Strategy promoted flexicurity as a means to achieve full employment and modernize national labour markets in the European Union. Flexicurity, which combines flexible labour markets and secure employment, became a leitmotif not only for the European Employment Strategy and the Lisbon Strategy but also for national employment policies. However, this contribution shows that there were mixed results in terms of policy adoption in Italy and Poland \u2013 two countries with similar structural employment problems. Looking at the policy content of flexicurity in terms of its goals and instruments, the contribution's findings demonstrate that policy change is dependent on the political parties in power supporting the EU while policy inertia is expected when the parties are characterized by hard Euroscepticism." }, { "paper": "2157423548", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2011", "title": "when the people speak deliberative democracy public consultation by james s fishkin oxford university press 2009", "label": [ "3116431", "2780402928", "2781093426" ], "author": [ "2501420048" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "When the People Speak: Deliberative Democracy & Public Consultation . By James S. Fishkin. (Oxford University Press, 2009.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2010352472", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2011", "title": "presidential address taking aapor s mission to heart", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "20259147" ], "reference": [ "2082631710", "2106284575", "2122369144", "2151071508", "2159848406", "2165147082", "2320188867", "2323037115", "2502924814" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Presidential Address: Taking Aapor's Mission To Heart", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2313122084", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2011", "title": "whose equality the discouraging politics of american education and what we might do about it", "label": [ "533735693", "126053111", "25287524", "2778272461", "2779160553", "65117487", "94625758", "148834064", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2518408220" ], "reference": [ "17666224", "215966451", "228538218", "230040584", "257070928", "257784307", "259811680", "310792767", "335548186", "574542861", "584762447", "585864306", "591490357", "598302684", "610187843", "614917022", "623645799", "635882024", "644155216", "646263321", "1494369373", "1498489601", "1500692180", "1505006517", "1536245868", "1538071280", "1545256310", "1546886084", "1558376571", "1559468026", "1560777483", "1568300597", "1569437861", "1582708240", "1589986784", "1967482598", "1995160661", "2015216342", "2020256018", "2051815082", "2053434661", "2061875892", "2067852100", "2074340474", "2075405462", "2087510452", "2088511526", "2124525903", "2130815101", "2147814708", "2148341646", "2148392833", "2333443897", "2795572804", "2796411098", "2904733517", "3121602156", "3194990826" ], "abstract": "ever since 1954 when a unanimous supreme court declared that education is a right that must be made available to all on equal terms americans have been debating the meaning of educational equality how it might be attained and through what instrumentalities of government brown v board of education was arguably the most important supreme court decision of the twentieth century not only because it ended legal segregation in schools but also for incorporating the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment as a tool to promote racial equality in other aspects of american life brown also thrust the federal courts deeply into primary and secondary education and opened the door to further federal intervention in a sphere of government that historically belonged to the states and localities debates over federalism separation of powers policy alternatives and the role of government in promoting educational and social equality remain very much alive today as the obama administration puts forth its education agenda states struggle with its demands and congress reconsiders the contours of no child left behind nclb", "title_raw": "Whose Equality? The Discouraging Politics of American Education (and What We Might Do about It)", "abstract_raw": "Ever since 1954, when a unanimous Supreme Court declared that education is \u201ca right that must be made available to all on equal terms,\u201d Americans have been debating the meaning of educational equality, how it might be attained, and through what instrumentalities of government. Brown v. Board of Education was arguably the most important Supreme Court decision of the twentieth century, not only because it ended legal segregation in schools but also for incorporating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment as a tool to promote racial equality in other aspects of American life. Brown also thrust the federal courts deeply into primary and secondary education and opened the door to further federal intervention in a sphere of government that historically belonged to the states and localities. Debates over federalism, separation of powers, policy alternatives, and the role of government in promoting educational and social equality remain very much alive today as the Obama administration puts forth its education agenda, states struggle with its demands, and Congress reconsiders the contours of No Child Left Behind (NCLB)." }, { "paper": "2062058136", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2011", "title": "book review diaspora development and democracy the domestic impact of international migration from india", "label": [ "2778611045", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2490930508" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book review : Diaspora, development, and democracy : the domestic impact of international migration from India", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2060758637", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2011", "title": "history of the united states of america during the first administration of james madison", "label": [ "3116431", "2776742560", "11473988" ], "author": [ "2168180153" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "History of the United States of America during the first administration of James Madison", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1943087455", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2011", "title": "european union policy towards the arab israeli peace process the quicksands of politics by c musu", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2597434839" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "European Union Policy towards the Arab\u2013Israeli Peace Process: The Quicksands of Politics \u2013 By C. Musu", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1991989539", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2011", "title": "al qaeda and the struggle for yemen", "label": [ "2775987171", "148834064", "2776051254", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2147643588" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "since the attempted bombing of an american passenger jet on christmas day 2009 was traced to al qaeda in the arabian peninsula aqap in yemen the yemeni government has been trying to convince foreign donors that it requires extraordinary financial assistance to stay afloat in the face of the al qaeda threat the west is right to worry about yemen s ability to contain the conflict that is intensifying within its borders and has responded with a set of policy prescriptions aimed at stabilising the regime this approach however may actually aggravate yemen s problems because it seeks to strengthen existing power hierarchies rather than find incentives to make the power elite more responsive to the crisis", "title_raw": "Al-Qaeda and the Struggle for Yemen", "abstract_raw": "Since the attempted bombing of an American passenger jet on Christmas Day 2009 was traced to al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) in Yemen, the Yemeni government has been trying to convince foreign donors that it requires extraordinary financial assistance to stay afloat in the face of the al-Qaeda threat. The West is right to worry about Yemen's ability to contain the conflict that is intensifying within its borders and has responded with a set of policy prescriptions aimed at stabilising the regime. This approach, however, may actually aggravate Yemen's problems because it seeks to strengthen existing power hierarchies rather than find incentives to make the power elite more responsive to the crisis." }, { "paper": "2331142382", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2011", "title": "superpower on a shoestring", "label": [ "2780219775" ], "author": [ "2699455362" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Superpower on a Shoestring", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2327465567", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2011", "title": "plato s political philosophy by mark blitz baltimore johns hopkins university press 2010 336p 60 00 cloth 24 95 paper", "label": [ "79841651" ], "author": [ "2314707235" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Plato's Political Philosophy. By Mark Blitz. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010. 336p. $60.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2012569221", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2011", "title": "conspiracy fever the us pakistan and its media", "label": [ "557252395", "2779270055" ], "author": [ "2237869857" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "anti american sentiments and conspiracy theories perpetuated by pakistan s independent media pose a great challenge to us diplomacy", "title_raw": "Conspiracy Fever: the US, Pakistan and its Media", "abstract_raw": "Anti-American sentiments and conspiracy theories perpetuated by Pakistan's independent media pose a great challenge to US diplomacy." }, { "paper": "2010133625", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2011", "title": "framing the corporate responsibility reputation linkage the case of tata motors in india", "label": [ "48798503", "141261163", "71343576", "53844881", "154482161", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2105957651" ], "reference": [ "25966025", "47328650", "578505095", "605224373", "965963551", "1492039495", "1543629176", "1576501231", "1595051401", "1658908529", "1915697785", "1974100739", "1975552886", "1998452462", "2001903157", "2007161913", "2029156572", "2033952602", "2047735993", "2051644199", "2083393660", "2092705414", "2093028946", "2131863305", "2132368299", "2333930280", "2559803162", "3022452870", "3123695382", "3125264913" ], "abstract": "abstract this study focusing on the emerging economy context of one of india s largest automotive companies tata motors analyzes the thematic framing of corporate social responsibility csr and corporate reputation five csr frames are shown institutionalization community development modernization mainstreaming and nation building reputation is framed via heritage nationbuilding technological advancement global footprint and responsibility the findings suggest how firms may better align their csr efforts with regular business and their larger public relations campaigns with wider social perceptions of their responsibilities", "title_raw": "Framing the corporate responsibility-reputation linkage: The case of Tata Motors in India", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This study, focusing on the emerging economy context of one of India's largest automotive companies, Tata Motors, analyzes the thematic framing of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate reputation. Five CSR frames are shown: institutionalization, community development, modernization, mainstreaming, and nation-building. Reputation is framed via: heritage, nationbuilding, technological advancement, global footprint, and responsibility. The findings suggest how firms may better align their CSR efforts with regular business, and their larger public relations campaigns with wider social perceptions of their responsibilities." }, { "paper": "2743203726", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2011", "title": "financing higher education worldwide who pays who should pay", "label": [ "120912362" ], "author": [ "741862149" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Financing Higher Education Worldwide: Who Pays? Who Should Pay?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3123220705", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2012", "title": "harrington s wake unanswered questions on aedpa s application to summary dispositions", "label": [ "2780597233", "204434341", "2776398702", "2778780086", "199539241", "2781442640", "2778272461" ], "author": [ "2640947868" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Harrington's Wake: Unanswered Questions on AEDPA's Application to Summary Dispositions", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1998251364", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2012", "title": "a nation betrayed nigeria and the minorities commission of 1957", "label": [ "2776034101", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1463838731" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Nation Betrayed: Nigeria and the Minorities Commission of 1957", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2131607071", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2012", "title": "rebels against rebels explaining violence between rebel groups", "label": [ "148834064", "81631423", "199539241" ], "author": [ "192379557", "2943685617" ], "reference": [ "141407794", "177879470", "386318622", "568785062", "606783974", "624227909", "1970756652", "1972208633", "1994167704", "2004769985", "2005474264", "2006291951", "2018652299", "2026715125", "2029900240", "2036203657", "2037108902", "2046688531", "2051733957", "2060235407", "2068035722", "2079837934", "2085384212", "2085918703", "2088105938", "2091933359", "2097432728", "2100247013", "2104431072", "2105061140", "2106932611", "2123730160", "2126337958", "2134186981", "2142013610", "2142497724", "2151780178", "2151796435", "2157310954", "2159363815", "2161361863", "2164072245", "2165611314", "2166112393", "2168033512", "2170114109", "2313931814", "2598553948", "3122237999", "3124473712" ], "abstract": "rebel groups that confront the government frequently become engaged in fierce and violent struggles with other groups why does a rebel group who is already fighting with the government become enga", "title_raw": "Rebels against Rebels : Explaining Violence between Rebel Groups", "abstract_raw": "Rebel groups that confront the government frequently become engaged in fierce and violent struggles with other groups. Why does a rebel group who is already fighting with the government become enga..." }, { "paper": "2140835405", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2012", "title": "beyond a dyadic approach to public diplomacy understanding relationships in multipolar world", "label": [ "2779714988", "2779609405", "93377909", "201280247", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2296611797", "2527536978", "2124352877" ], "reference": [ "121027753", "619502788", "1482548402", "1495928467", "1527353146", "1555747997", "1568376713", "1592922617", "1977397193", "1984765835", "1989106007", "1998285501", "2009342338", "2019889574", "2021652768", "2037021765", "2047097434", "2057683109", "2067077523", "2071985981", "2146665428", "2147281917", "2159880489", "2165608832", "2166735555", "2167278263", "2911581497", "3003297455", "3011074188", "3021232305" ], "abstract": "a b s t r a c t this study advocates for a multipolar approach to public diplomacy within a public relations framework this study applies semantic network analysis to understand chinese public diplomacy efforts during the 2011 libya crisis two theories image building and rela tionship management informed the analysis four important findings emerged from the analysis first the evidence suggests that the combination of image building and relation ship management provides a comprehensive theoretical framework to understand public diplomacy communication efforts second understanding triads of national relationships reveals nuances that cannot be captured by a dyadic approach to public diplomacy third this study introduces a new method semantic network analysis to the research of public diplomacy and reveals linguistic relationships and shared meaning manifested in the con tent of people s daily newspaper coverage of the libya crisis finally the findings support the pervasiveness of multipolar thinking public diplomacy in general and soft balancing specif ically is about positioning a nation in a wider context and strategically using relationships to accomplish foreign policy goals", "title_raw": "Beyond a dyadic approach to public diplomacy: Understanding relationships in multipolar world", "abstract_raw": "a b s t r a c t This study advocates for a multipolar approach to public diplomacy within a public relations framework. This study applies semantic network analysis to understand Chinese public diplomacy efforts during the 2011 Libya crisis. Two theories, image building and rela- tionship management, informed the analysis. Four important findings emerged from the analysis. First, the evidence suggests that the combination of image building and relation- ship management provides a comprehensive theoretical framework to understand public diplomacy communication efforts. Second, understanding triads of national relationships reveals nuances that cannot be captured by a dyadic approach to public diplomacy. Third, this study introduces a new method, semantic network analysis, to the research of public diplomacy, and reveals linguistic relationships and shared meaning manifested in the con- tent of People's Daily newspaper coverage of the Libya crisis. Finally, the findings support the pervasiveness of multipolar thinking. Public diplomacy in general, and soft balancing specif- ically, is about positioning a nation in a wider context and strategically using relationships to accomplish foreign policy goals." }, { "paper": "493025379", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2012", "title": "partisan discord in the family and political engagement a comparative behavioral analysis", "label": [ "94625758", "119588120" ], "author": [ "2058637735", "2641357215" ], "reference": [ "24902253", "130651831", "173836179", "194934302", "604666484", "616862970", "618576358", "648785792", "1512597729", "1534539087", "1534757324", "1550821671", "1565166959", "1565589301", "1596149372", "1600818133", "1925504877", "1967268361", "1975946830", "1984075056", "1988340872", "1988686891", "1992029652", "1996444548", "1997733761", "2005011082", "2005080782", "2011460578", "2017019354", "2020040181", "2021336667", "2025327003", "2028634270", "2032892971", "2037704402", "2049058146", "2053649918", "2058772958", "2060356669", "2063984238", "2064612354", "2066477798", "2067844392", "2071741586", "2077081484", "2079955265", "2082277957", "2082422522", "2086243029", "2090873117", "2097413389", "2106069978", "2109386193", "2114639395", "2133384311", "2137115804", "2138126192", "2147933797", "2147995913", "2151544484", "2151949046", "2153267488", "2160854520", "2161401754", "2167701324", "2168858206", "2170756837", "2170977349", "2242001323", "2313470519", "2315033669", "2320762806", "2322493103", "2324622157", "2325436457", "2603336905", "2625640889", "2914387422", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "what happens to a person s level of political engagement when he is surrounded by partisan disagreement previous work offers a mixed picture in certain circumstances political discord promotes engagement while in others it has the opposite effect this analysis tests existing theories by looking at the implications of disagreement within the family we leverage panel data to trace effects over time and we examine this dynamic across political units household data from britain germany and switzerland reveal that those whose parents are divided politically tend to become more not less engaged in politics comparatively these effects appear stronger in some countries than in others but the three country analysis only suggests reasons why therefore we take advantage of swiss subnational political variation to further investigate the conditioning role of institutions this step confirms that proportional representation elections moderate the relationship between parental disagreement and interest i", "title_raw": "Partisan Discord in the Family and Political Engagement: A Comparative Behavioral Analysis", "abstract_raw": "What happens to a person\u2019s level of political engagement when he is surrounded by partisan disagreement? Previous work offers a mixed picture; in certain circumstances political discord promotes engagement while in others it has the opposite effect. This analysis tests existing theories by looking at the implications of disagreement within the family. We leverage panel data to trace effects over time, and we examine this dynamic across political units. Household data from Britain, Germany, and Switzerland reveal that those whose parents are divided politically tend to become more, not less, engaged in politics. Comparatively, these effects appear stronger in some countries than in others, but the three-country analysis only suggests reasons why. Therefore, we take advantage of Swiss subnational political variation to further investigate the conditioning role of institutions. This step confirms that proportional representation elections moderate the relationship between parental disagreement and interest i..." }, { "paper": "2094065078", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2012", "title": "the relationship between age and turnout a roller coaster ride", "label": [ "2779838221" ], "author": [ "2004599483", "2141055655", "2097390371" ], "reference": [ "658255010", "1550821671", "1596149372", "2020463162", "2043765541", "2062357795", "2072402413", "2074368459", "2093590710", "2097443284", "2099995880", "2105473974", "2116142703", "2117318745", "2118635449", "2127072058", "2136579697", "2136719211", "2137637698", "2313360527", "2315436302", "2317311464", "2320322413", "2478015816", "2492075762", "3083158446" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The relationship between age and turnout: A roller-coaster ride", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2141837645", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2012", "title": "the struggle over dimensionality a note on theory and empirics", "label": [ "2780169623", "94625758", "2777799818", "2777733916", "2775923278" ], "author": [ "2114701263", "2151017392" ], "reference": [ "171720695", "256019955", "614561735", "1534539087", "1548824479", "1550602253", "1552466412", "1582174699", "1586508260", "1974909611", "1977062359", "1977825494", "1985878007", "1994183953", "1998151601", "2000587072", "2003350916", "2004409126", "2009659525", "2020917353", "2036202797", "2074589553", "2082321078", "2110071203", "2114607135", "2118246566", "2121042677", "2121441023", "2123252635", "2143755459", "2146179692", "2148525563", "2149977437", "2157968420", "2316477432", "2319130446", "2341122966", "2504513127", "2808787312", "2952457740", "3123689492", "3156121090" ], "abstract": "on friday 13 december 1963 the national emergency civil liberties committee neclc organized their annual bill of rights dinner in order to present a distinguished individual with its tom paine award that night the award was given to a young singer songwriter dressed in a suede jacket and a pair of blue jeans attire that starkly contrasted with the furs pearls and bow ties worn by the mostly wealthy and elderly liberal neclc ranks in his controversial acceptance speech bob dylan declared his political independence by stating there s no black and white left and right to me anymore there s only up and down and down is very close to the ground and i m trying to go up without thinking about anything trivial such as politics by 1963 dylan had become a symbol of the new left and the civil rights movement a role that made him uncomfortable interestingly dylan used two distinct terms to demonstrate his political autonomy he no longer wanted to be associated with the left or the right these labels are clearly not dylan s inventions nor are they merely a vestigial homage to the seating arrangement in the french estates general of 1789 where supporters of the ancien regime sat to the right of the assembly president and supporters of the revolution to his left the terms left and right have come to identify distinct historical traditions different conceptions of the good society and alternative lifestyles in the contemporary world political scientists politicians journalists and voters have come to associate broad streams of ideas with the terms left and right although the left right dimension is", "title_raw": "The struggle over dimensionality: A note on theory and empirics", "abstract_raw": "On Friday, 13 December 1963, the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee (NECLC) organized their annual Bill of Rights dinner in order to present a distinguished individual with its Tom Paine Award. That night, the award was given to a young singer-songwriter dressed in a suede jacket and a pair of blue jeans, attire that starkly contrasted with the furs, pearls, and bow ties worn by the mostly wealthy and elderly liberal NECLC ranks. In his controversial acceptance speech Bob Dylan declared his political independence by stating: \u2018There\u2019s no black and white, left and right to me anymore; there\u2019s only up and down and down is very close to the ground. And I\u2019m trying to go up without thinking about anything trivial such as politics.\u2019 By 1963, Dylan had become a symbol of the New Left and the Civil Rights Movement, a role that made him uncomfortable. Interestingly, Dylan used two distinct terms to demonstrate his political autonomy; he no longer wanted to be associated with the \u2018left\u2019 or the \u2018right\u2019. These labels are clearly not Dylan\u2019s inventions nor are they merely a vestigial homage to the seating arrangement in the French Estates General of 1789 where supporters of the Ancien Regime sat to the right of the Assembly president and supporters of the revolution to his left. The terms \u2018left\u2019 and \u2018right\u2019 have come to identify distinct historical traditions, different conceptions of the good society, and alternative lifestyles. In the contemporary world, political scientists, politicians, journalists, and voters have come to associate broad streams of ideas with the terms \u2018left\u2019 and \u2018right\u2019. Although the left\u2013right dimension is" }, { "paper": "1971832816", "venue": "51885707", "year": "2012", "title": "book reviewpolitical economy of tourism a critical perspectiveedited by jan mosedale routledge 2011 xxi 260pp figures tables index 163 00 hbk isbn 978 0 414 54802 1", "label": [ "18918823", "31168002", "75545042", "151807755" ], "author": [ "2040591839" ], "reference": [ "2028721598", "2101144263" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book ReviewPolitical economy of tourism: A critical perspectiveEdited By Jan Mosedale. Routledge , 2011 xxi + 260pp. (figures, tables, index), $163.00 Hbk ISBN 978-0-414-54802-1", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2038657849", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2012", "title": "machiavellian democracy by john p mccormick", "label": [ "2781462389", "2776331573", "555826173", "199539241", "2777351106" ], "author": [ "2468262388" ], "reference": [ "610294327", "2068682481", "3125101322" ], "abstract": "imagine an america in which indictments by the people could be brought against richard nixon and henry kissinger for the secret bombing of neutral cambodia that killed thousands of civilians and paved the way for the rise of the murderous khmer rouge regime imagine a college of tribunes drawn by lot exclusively from the pool of ordinary citizens that could initiate charges against george w bush dick cheney donald rumsfeld and john yoo as torturers or indict the heads of financial institutions for the crimes that triggered economic ruin in 2008 consider how different american democracy might be if its governing institutions included a body of and for the plebs empowered to veto one major piece of legislation a year perhaps the recent extension of the bush tax cuts or oversee an annual national referendum maybe on a single payer health insurance plan", "title_raw": "Machiavellian Democracy by John P. McCormick", "abstract_raw": "Imagine an America in which indictments by the people could be brought against Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger for the secret bombing of neutral Cambodia that killed thousands of civilians and paved the way for the rise of the murderous Khmer Rouge regime. Imagine a college of tribunes, drawn by lot exclusively from the pool of ordinary citizens, that could initiate charges against George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, and John Yoo as torturers, or indict the heads of financial institutions for the crimes that triggered economic ruin in 2008. Consider how different American democracy might be if its governing institutions included a body of and for the plebs, empowered to veto one major piece of legislation a year (perhaps the recent extension of the Bush tax cuts) or oversee an annual national referendum (maybe on a single-payer health insurance plan)." }, { "paper": "2096962566", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2012", "title": "decision making by the modern supreme courtby richard l pacelle jr brett w curry and bryan w marshall", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2200062036" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Decision Making by the Modern Supreme Courtby Richard L. Pacelle, Jr., Brett W. Curry, and Bryan W. Marshall", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1515967280", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2012", "title": "does holding beliefs with conviction prevent policy actors from adopting a compromising attitude", "label": [ "39549134", "2777278149", "125505783" ], "author": [ "1521829621" ], "reference": [ "196312902", "1508150034", "1603102344", "1973590365", "1980050413", "1988662912", "2000156895", "2009020805", "2021345707", "2041169661", "2058458806", "2060654675", "2061802300", "2086243029", "2099304543", "2116869786", "2123061192", "2126115765", "2128066757", "2133469585", "2135698474", "2140200002", "2146257737", "2164977007", "2313995259", "2561350865", "2944388367", "3011865677" ], "abstract": "much of the political science literature argues that commitment to beliefs renders the attitudes of policy actors inflexible belief commitment encourages alliances among actors who think alike and creates a distance with those whose beliefs differ as it cuts the flow of information between disagreeing actors belief commitment constrains the attitudes of actors to consistency across a variety of objects and over time preventing policy compromises this article examines the possibility that different beliefs have different effects on attitude specifically it hypothesizes that actors holding purposive beliefs have more consistent attitudes than actors holding material beliefs thanks to a survey of north american and european biotechnology policy actors conducted twice between 2006 and 2008 it is shown that a strong commitment to purposive beliefs encourages attitude consistency across objects and over time while equal commitment to material beliefs enables more attitude flexibility implications fo", "title_raw": "Does Holding Beliefs with Conviction Prevent Policy Actors from Adopting a Compromising Attitude", "abstract_raw": "Much of the political science literature argues that commitment to beliefs renders the attitudes of policy actors inflexible. Belief commitment encourages alliances among actors who think alike and creates a distance with those whose beliefs differ. As it cuts the flow of information between disagreeing actors, belief commitment constrains the attitudes of actors to consistency across a variety of objects and over time, preventing policy compromises. This article examines the possibility that different beliefs have different effects on attitude. Specifically, it hypothesizes that actors holding purposive beliefs have more consistent attitudes than actors holding material beliefs. Thanks to a survey of North American and European biotechnology policy actors, conducted twice between 2006 and 2008, it is shown that a strong commitment to purposive beliefs encourages attitude consistency across objects and over time, while equal commitment to material beliefs enables more attitude flexibility. Implications fo..." }, { "paper": "823078114", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2012", "title": "facades of justice", "label": [ "139621336", "555826173", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2160676632" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Facades of Justice", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2172196411", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2012", "title": "forecasting the 2012 french presidential election", "label": [ "2776129789", "2779220109" ], "author": [ "2062035929", "2127832015" ], "reference": [ "43259279", "1480037753", "1559040657", "1966137743", "2000506406", "2017793248", "2026520103", "2063322530", "2074806430", "2290843935", "2310195013", "3122474596" ], "abstract": "abstract whowillwinthenextfrenchpresidentialelection forecastingelectoralresultsfrompolitical economymodelsisarecenttraditioninfrance inthisarticle wepursuethise ortbyestimatingavotefunctionbasedonbothlocalandnationaldatafortheelectionsheldbetween1981and2007 thisapproachallowsustocircumventthesmall n problemandtoproducemorerobustandreliableresults basedonamodelincludingeconomic unemployment andpolitical approvalandpreviousresults variables wepre dictthedefeat althoughbyarelativelysmallmargin oftheright wingincumbentnicolassarkozyinthesecondroundofthefrenchpresidentialelectiontobeheldinmay2012 t heincumbentpresident nicolassarkozy willfacea tough challenge during the french presidentialelectioninmay2012 forthe rsttimesince1981 when the right wing president valery giscard d estaingwasdefeatedbythesocialistchallengerfrancoismitterrand the2012electiontakesplaceindi culteco nomictimes asthesittingpresidentforthelast veyears sarkozywilllikelybeheldaccountableforthepoorperformanceofthefrencheconomy thelargenumberofdeclaredcandidatesfromtherightrunninginthe rstroundoftheelectionisinterpretedasasignofthedissatisfactionwithsarkozy srecordamonghisownfollowers andsomespeculatethathemaynotevengettothedecisivesecondround is the victory of sarkozy s main challenger the socialistfrancoishollande aforegoneconclusion toaddressthisques tion wedevelopedaforecastingmodelbasedonlocalandnationaldatawhosevalueswereknownseveralmonthsbeforetheelec tion based on the results of this politico economic model weconcludethatnicolassarkozywillrunacompetitive ghtbutwillultimatelyloosehisbidforre election after17yearsofwait ing thereturnofasocialistattheelyseeappearshighlyprobable thisarticleisdividedintofourparts first webrie yreviewthe literature on french forecasting models next we providedetailsaboutthefrenchelectoralsystem then weintroduceourmodelandthedatausedforitsestimation finally wepresentanddiscusspredictionsderivedfromthismodel includingourforecastforthe2012election", "title_raw": "Forecasting the 2012 French Presidential Election", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACT WhowillwinthenextFrenchpresidentialelection?Forecastingelectoralresultsfrompolitical-economymodelsisarecenttraditioninFrance.Inthisarticle,wepursuethise\ufb00ortbyestimatingavotefunctionbasedonbothlocalandnationaldatafortheelectionsheldbetween1981and2007.Thisapproachallowsustocircumventthesmall N problemandtoproducemorerobustandreliableresults.Basedonamodelincludingeconomic(unemployment)andpolitical(approvalandpreviousresults)variables,wepre-dictthedefeat,althoughbyarelativelysmallmargin,oftheright-wingincumbentNicolasSarkozyinthesecondroundoftheFrenchpresidentialelectiontobeheldinMay2012. T heincumbentpresident,NicolasSarkozy,willfacea tough challenge during the French presidentialelectioninMay2012.Forthe\ufb01rsttimesince1981,when the right-wing president Valery Giscard-d\u2019EstaingwasdefeatedbytheSocialistchallengerFrancoisMitterrand,the2012electiontakesplaceindi\ufb03culteco-nomictimes.Asthesittingpresidentforthelast\ufb01veyears,SarkozywilllikelybeheldaccountableforthepoorperformanceoftheFrencheconomy.ThelargenumberofdeclaredcandidatesfromtheRightrunninginthe\ufb01rstroundoftheelectionisinterpretedasasignofthedissatisfactionwithSarkozy\u2019srecordamonghisownfollowers,andsomespeculatethathemaynotevengettothedecisivesecondround.Is the victory of Sarkozy\u2019s main challenger, the SocialistFrancoisHollande,aforegoneconclusion?Toaddressthisques-tion,wedevelopedaforecastingmodelbasedonlocalandnationaldatawhosevalueswereknownseveralmonthsbeforetheelec-tion. Based on the results of this politico-economic model, weconcludethatNicolasSarkozywillrunacompetitive\ufb01ghtbutwillultimatelyloosehisbidforre-election.After17yearsofwait-ing,thereturnofaSocialistattheElyseeappearshighlyprobable.Thisarticleisdividedintofourparts.First,webrie\ufb02yreviewthe literature on French forecasting models. Next, we providedetailsabouttheFrenchelectoralsystem.Then,weintroduceourmodelandthedatausedforitsestimation.Finally,wepresentanddiscusspredictionsderivedfromthismodel,includingourforecastforthe2012election." }, { "paper": "2554134100", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2012", "title": "turkey is no partner for peace", "label": [ "199539241", "2777095168", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2266574397" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Turkey Is No Partner for Peace", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2077413827", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2012", "title": "us primate centre faces scrutiny", "label": [ "2776050585" ], "author": [ "1819960626" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "US primate centre faces scrutiny", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2327620405", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2012", "title": "2013 conference theme statement power and persuasion", "label": [ "186229450", "39549134", "94625758", "2776051254", "185874996" ], "author": [ "1925367966", "2100722421" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "as the world becomes more interdependent and its governance more complex both within and between nation states the two biggest resources for human cooperation persuasion and legitimate coercive power become harder to generate across cultural and linguistic lines and sovereign boundaries yet the future will require more of these resources to help societies meet the needs for political interactions of increasing complexity and scale political scientists need to understand better the uses and abuses of both persuasion and power in varying contexts and scales this year s program theme encourages scholars to consider the politics of persuasion and power along with their many intersections", "title_raw": "2013 Conference Theme Statement: Power and Persuasion", "abstract_raw": "As the world becomes more interdependent and its governance more complex, both within and between nation-states, the two biggest resources for human cooperation \u2014 persuasion and legitimate coercive power \u2014 become harder to generate across cultural and linguistic lines and sovereign boundaries. Yet the future will require more of these resources. To help societies meet the needs for political interactions of increasing complexity and scale, political scientists need to understand better the uses and abuses of both persuasion and power in varying contexts and scales. This year's program theme encourages scholars to consider the politics of persuasion and power, along with their many intersections." }, { "paper": "2334660237", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2012", "title": "between homeland and motherland africa us foreign policy and black leadership in america", "label": [ "2778880830", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2246959828" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Between Homeland and Motherland: Africa, US foreign policy, and black leadership in America", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2040298082", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2012", "title": "redefining public health in new york city", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "1489862292" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Redefining public health in New York City", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2133780992", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2012", "title": "visegrad group co operation and russia", "label": [ "2780081628", "94625758", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2100741229" ], "reference": [ "1965209767", "2039096845", "2089481855", "2142664148", "2170669350", "2327751101", "2481411735", "2493711984", "2591678587" ], "abstract": "much thought has been given of late to how national preferences impact upon european union level policy making towards russia and it is widely accepted that discrepancies in member state attitudes can undermine consistent and effective multilateral policies so far there has been no attempt to ascertain whether subregional groupings that exist inside the eu which represent a potential in between layer of policy making between the bilateral and multilateral are inclined or able to attempt to co ordinate their positions on russia this article focuses on the visegrad group vg which would appear to be an obvious candidate but actually has virtually no co operation agenda vis a vis russia the other main groupings are the benelux economic union the nordic council and the weimar triangle the article argues that it is difficult to accommodate russia in the current vg foreign policy framework due to the focus on low politics and integration assistance it also contends that limited capacity and intra vg divergence on key aspects of relations with russia mean that the vg is unlikely to expand its agenda so as to attempt more co operation on russia in the future", "title_raw": "Visegrad Group Co\u2010operation and Russia*", "abstract_raw": "Much thought has been given of late to how national preferences impact upon European Union-level policy-making towards Russia and it is widely accepted that discrepancies in Member State attitudes can undermine consistent and effective multilateral policies. So far there has been no attempt to ascertain whether subregional groupings that exist inside the EU (which represent a potential in-between layer of policy-making between the bilateral and multilateral) are inclined or able to attempt to co-ordinate their positions on Russia. This article focuses on the Visegrad Group (VG), which would appear to be an obvious candidate, but actually has virtually no co-operation agenda vis-a-vis Russia (the other main groupings are the Benelux Economic Union, the Nordic Council and the Weimar Triangle). The article argues that it is difficult to accommodate Russia in the current VG foreign policy framework due to the focus on \u2018low\u2019 politics and integration assistance. It also contends that limited capacity and intra-VG divergence on key aspects of relations with Russia mean that the VG is unlikely to expand its agenda so as to attempt more co-operation on Russia in the future." }, { "paper": "2037003200", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2012", "title": "disproportionality and voter turnout in new and old democracies", "label": [ "156708679", "555826173", "17058734", "2778521920", "2779838221" ], "author": [ "2147209934", "2146481057", "1426757447" ], "reference": [ "1507598393", "1509161467", "1510782046", "1550821671", "1596273360", "1964224704", "1969586674", "1980866198", "1990381372", "2004055765", "2018884704", "2030399223", "2036365749", "2039532923", "2045509200", "2048544399", "2059923281", "2061363501", "2062826185", "2076440205", "2079410316", "2117318745", "2124419777", "2132785247", "2134952665", "2145869153", "2152417148", "2156376250", "2157840549", "2168661258", "2337173903", "2493534951", "2751753487", "3123930369" ], "abstract": "a long standing puzzle in electoral research is why the disproportionality of electoral systems has a negative effect on voter participation in established democracies but not in new democracies we propose a learning theory of electoral system s effects and test it in a cross national analysis and by using spain as a case study electoral disproportionality is unrelated to voter participation in early elections after democratization but the relationship is increasingly visible as democracies grow older the case study uncovers two mechanisms small parties optimize their mobilization strategy only after the first democratic elections and the difference in the turnout rates of small party supporters and large party supporters grows over time time is needed before the consequences of electoral systems are fully revealed importantly the findings suggest that studies carried out just after an electoral system is created or reformed may provide downward biased estimates of their long term consequences", "title_raw": "Disproportionality and voter turnout in new and old democracies", "abstract_raw": "A long-standing puzzle in electoral research is why the disproportionality of electoral systems has a negative effect on voter participation in established democracies, but not in new democracies. We propose a learning theory of electoral system\u2019s effects, and test it in a cross-national analysis and by using Spain as a case study. Electoral disproportionality is unrelated to voter participation in early elections after democratization, but the relationship is increasingly visible as democracies grow older. The case study uncovers two mechanisms: small parties optimize their mobilization strategy only after the first democratic elections, and the difference in the turnout rates of small party supporters and large party supporters grows over time. Time is needed before the consequences of electoral systems are fully revealed. Importantly, the findings suggest that studies carried out just after an electoral system is created or reformed may provide downward biased estimates of their long-term consequences." }, { "paper": "3123208103", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2012", "title": "national security federalism in the age of terror", "label": [ "532482828", "2776007630", "2780262971", "533735693", "2778719706", "109986646", "528167355", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2251473516" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "National Security Federalism in the Age of Terror", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1976296337", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2012", "title": "the quality of democracy in latin america edited by daniel h levine and jose e molina lynne rienner publishers inc 2011", "label": [ "158886217", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2307433671" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Quality of Democracy in Latin America . Edited by Daniel H. Levine and Jos\u00e9 E. Molina. (Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2011.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2007902849", "venue": "51885707", "year": "2012", "title": "archaeological sites modern communities and tourism", "label": [ "2778057375", "60671577", "151807755", "75545042", "18918823" ], "author": [ "2125117990", "2122545971" ], "reference": [ "12170360", "56111394", "245818483", "436893239", "598663214", "622169799", "654459531", "1896531558", "1966999033", "1971707653", "2028721598", "2055689267", "2072063440", "2085688388", "2089994171", "2090970547", "2091050258", "2130450941", "2149528541", "2152534083", "2160091319", "2294536782", "2330384771", "3002612391", "3134725401" ], "abstract": "abstract archaeology is a major component of the tourism industry in both developed and developing countries which has especially significant implications for indigenous people and other disenfranchised groups archaeological tourism celebrates the cultural richness of a region s history and has the potential to bring local or descendant communities financial gain but what is the role of the archaeologist in the sustainable and responsible development and maintenance of archaeological tourism drawing upon their own field research the authors suggest that when tourism and archaeological sites meet archaeologists avoid arguments about ownership and act as facilitators for frank conversations about the consequences of tourism development for all parties involved", "title_raw": "Archaeological sites, modern communities, and tourism.", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Archaeology is a major component of the tourism industry in both developed and developing countries, which has especially significant implications for indigenous people and other disenfranchised groups. Archaeological tourism celebrates the cultural richness of a region\u2019s history and has the potential to bring local or descendant communities financial gain. But what is the role of the archaeologist in the sustainable and responsible development and maintenance of archaeological tourism? Drawing upon their own field research, the authors suggest that when tourism and archaeological sites meet, archaeologists avoid arguments about ownership and act as facilitators for frank conversations about the consequences of tourism development for all parties involved." }, { "paper": "2139093256", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2012", "title": "sea versus senators", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2302880761" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sea versus senators", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2331903327", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2012", "title": "romanian panel calls prime minister a plagiarist", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "303834104" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Romanian panel calls prime minister a plagiarist", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2327632148", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2012", "title": "politics and strategy partisan ambition and american statecraft by peter trubowitz princeton princeton university press 2011 200p 70 00 cloth 24 95 paper", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2266354471" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Politics and Strategy: Partisan Ambition and American Statecraft . By Peter Trubowitz. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011. 200p. $70.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2135828708", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2012", "title": "the redevelopment of olympic sites examining the legacy of sydney olympic park", "label": [ "39549134", "3116431", "2780155792" ], "author": [ "2226563880", "2171191368" ], "reference": [ "423947925", "1511186454", "1779394378", "1967062548", "1975681744", "1985024970", "2003962760", "2006677599", "2010290064", "2013484762", "2021215469", "2029221022", "2032626662", "2033542131", "2056965187", "2064621975", "2069072514", "2077559438", "2079157627", "2080176363", "2096710737", "2118821421", "2134135800", "2136336278", "2142909072", "2144964951", "2148787358", "2165232992", "2885774255", "2965259796", "3166516275" ], "abstract": "this paper examines the redevelopment of the site of sydney s 2000 summer olympics locating it within debates over the legacy of these events the paper describes some of the key stakeholders involved in the redevelopment and planning of the site it provides an overview of the regulatory context and governance bodies that have structured the space since the staging of the olympics then identifies two key areas of private sector involvement in event space and in business development where tensions emerged over how the site should best be governed", "title_raw": "The Redevelopment of Olympic Sites: Examining the Legacy of Sydney Olympic Park", "abstract_raw": "This paper examines the redevelopment of the site of Sydney\u2019s 2000 summer Olympics, locating it within debates over the legacy of these events. The paper describes some of the key stakeholders involved in the redevelopment and planning of the site. It provides an overview of the regulatory context and governance bodies that have structured the space since the staging of the Olympics, then identifies two key areas of private-sector involvement, in event space and in business development, where tensions emerged over how the site should best be governed." }, { "paper": "2559376744", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2012", "title": "how to end the war in gaza", "label": [ "58250639", "81631423", "199539241", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2548095873" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How to End the War in Gaza", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1493041319", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2012", "title": "cooperating mercantile networks in the early modern mediterranean 1", "label": [ "81631423", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "1958161038" ], "reference": [ "104659538", "905965923", "1969998007", "1976317699", "2008032365", "2029715908", "2035648254", "2060402487", "2066225451", "2151212007", "2157629842" ], "abstract": "this article outlines the commercial and financial activities of commercial networks active in the venetian eastern mediterranean between the loss of cyprus 1571 and the onset of the war of candia 1645 the goal of the article is to present the results of recent research on early modern mediterranean trade and finance drawing attention to some promising areas of investigation that have been overlooked by scholarship and that constitute part of the author s own work in progress the central question is how did traditional mediterranean networks and trade fare in the age of global expansion in other words did mediterranean trade networks experience an evolution in their structures similar to the rest of the world an attempt is made to answer this question through an analysis of the activities of greek venetian and english mercantile and financial networks in the eastern mediterranean showing the peculiarities of the interplay between trade and finance that underpinned the economy of the venetian stato da mar this attempt highlights two phenomena at play within the venetian mediterranean firstly that foreign operators began directly financing venetian imperial administrative structures and secondly that the number of venetian merchants involved in these operations increased as new players entered the financial game", "title_raw": "Cooperating mercantile networks in the early modern Mediterranean 1", "abstract_raw": "This article outlines the commercial and financial activities of commercial networks active in the \u2018Venetian\u2019 eastern Mediterranean between the loss of Cyprus (1571) and the onset of the War of Candia (1645). The goal of the article is to present the results of recent research on early modern Mediterranean trade and finance, drawing attention to some promising areas of investigation that have been overlooked by scholarship and that constitute part of the author's own work in progress. The central question is: how did traditional Mediterranean networks and trade fare in the age of global expansion? In other words, did Mediterranean trade networks experience an evolution in their structures similar to the rest of the world? An attempt is made to answer this question through an analysis of the activities of Greek, Venetian, and English mercantile and financial networks in the eastern Mediterranean, showing the peculiarities of the interplay between trade and finance that underpinned the economy of the Venetian Stato da Mar. This attempt highlights two phenomena at play within the \u2018Venetian Mediterranean\u2019: firstly, that foreign operators began directly financing Venetian imperial administrative structures, and secondly, that the number of Venetian merchants involved in these operations increased as new players entered the financial game." }, { "paper": "2369543537", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2012", "title": "from inevitability to transitivity the development of school enterprise cooperation from the perspective of corporate education", "label": [ "120912362", "39549134", "2778963343", "134819137", "517468935", "668760", "71750763" ], "author": [ "2357651534" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "vocational education can be divided into corporate education and school education historically vocational education originated from corporate education after industrial revolution vocational education was implemented by school which met the needs of industrial economy era but betrayed its natural demands as a result the implement of vocational education returned to the corporation in the process the school corporation partnership was chosen because it could make up the defects of school education however it would not last long because it could not practice effectively and was difficult to be expounded and proved by theory in the future the functions of corporate education will be resumed and show its advantage and it will be deeply integrated with school education in the view of knowledge which promote vocational education to develop more healthy", "title_raw": "From Inevitability to Transitivity: The Development of School-enterprise Cooperation from the Perspective of Corporate Education", "abstract_raw": "Vocational education can be divided into corporate education and school education.Historically,vocational education originated from corporate education.After industrial revolution,vocational education was implemented by school,which met the needs of industrial economy era,but betrayed its natural demands.As a result,the implement of vocational education returned to the corporation.In the process,the school-corporation partnership was chosen because it could make up the defects of school education.However,it would not last long because it could not practice effectively and was difficult to be expounded and proved by theory.In the future,the functions of corporate education will be resumed and show its advantage,and it will be deeply integrated with school education in the view of knowledge,which promote vocational education to develop more healthy." }, { "paper": "3046373049", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2012", "title": "the politics of electoral reform changing the rules of democracy", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2164605659" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The politics of electoral reform: Changing the rules of democracy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2565552452", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2012", "title": "tough talk is cheap", "label": [ "199539241", "2778069335" ], "author": [ "2096519536", "1852163139" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Tough Talk Is Cheap", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3106575074", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2012", "title": "dangerous times the international politics of great power peace dangerous times the international politics of great power peace by fettweis washington dc georgetown university press 2010 304p 29 95 cosmopolitan power in international relations a synthesis of realism neoliberalism and constructivism by gallarotti new york cambridge university press 2010 326p 29 99", "label": [ "2778676447", "133281099", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2090558458" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dangerous Times? The International Politics of Great Power Peace Dangerous Times? The International Politics of Great Power Peace. By Fettweis. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2010. 304p. $29.95. Cosmopolitan Power in International Relations: A Synthesis of Realism, Neoliberalism, and Constructivism. By Gallarotti. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 326p. $29.99.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2089361945", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2012", "title": "hungary s black sunday of public opinion research the anatomy of a failed election forecast", "label": [ "199539241", "134698397", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2069422007" ], "reference": [ "571690529", "2004855828", "2006062848", "2010681539", "2016398929", "2022335140", "2032505904", "2045707430", "2070016373", "2072238449", "2073760052", "2086589122", "2099668057", "2108038333", "2141029538", "2147933797", "2221755262", "2279619654", "2481110090", "2489485475", "2504610790", "2891310915", "3010578591" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Hungary's \u201cBlack Sunday\u201d of Public Opinion Research: The Anatomy of a Failed Election Forecast", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1967628546", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2012", "title": "overview of the state of the field", "label": [ "2776398702", "2778407155" ], "author": [ "2073591776", "2424157912", "346844228" ], "reference": [ "20574356", "83775607", "194009757", "314115940", "564518434", "587337205", "597830023", "625764203", "633729973", "644470476", "645732580", "942212512", "1480338382", "1486063977", "1489401620", "1503973107", "1510770926", "1514610351", "1526728745", "1536562469", "1537055335", "1538467205", "1546758335", "1551467765", "1559667247", "1567462968", "1567508613", "1574035994", "1592004774", "1879655441", "1941328778", "1966323875", "1967202333", "1970521236", "1972685932", "1972922514", "1973974771", "1974708444", "1976215241", "1977198508", "1988459336", "1989326565", "1990869554", "1992371721", "1994979463", "1996751876", "1997441790", "1998303212", "1999234948", "2001305920", "2003997025", "2006365845", "2006526146", "2007179619", "2008515441", "2018636181", "2020456714", "2020508482", "2021155611", "2021331087", "2021867160", "2032633245", "2034557617", "2036533530", "2038565046", "2043326224", "2045371085", "2045733920", "2047538566", "2048789485", "2050771246", "2051821701", "2052350927", "2053581068", "2057716147", "2058988550", "2059946352", "2063249396", "2063653402", "2063858924", "2070678321", "2073940685", "2074799485", "2075431089", "2078217818", "2082384879", "2082511400", "2084414167", "2086676909", "2088271468", "2088411149", "2088763113", "2089763516", "2095359708", "2098735287", "2104400005", "2108373718", "2110144890", "2112042929", "2120588679", "2123768240", "2127441549", "2130359039", "2130981488", "2131840147", "2132036659", "2133297410", "2134166674", "2134556086", "2138961093", "2140989753", "2141741241", "2146479463", "2149039157", "2151400635", "2152130386", "2162542540", "2169084126", "2257133437", "2319178948", "2327360773", "2332321565", "2332453523", "2334656281", "2337002970", "2396324524", "2407734918", "2485511375", "2498330753", "2768594372", "2784640584", "2795737110", "2796893166", "2798619519", "2799856606", "2800107556", "2802189379", "2895871492", "2904421384", "2908762263", "2969652861", "2997151939", "3164549185", "3186404406" ], "abstract": "abstract the editors offer a short overview of the state of the field in the light of contributions to this special issue", "title_raw": "Overview of the \u201cstate of the field\u201d", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The editors offer a short overview of the state of the field in the light of contributions to this special issue." }, { "paper": "1976238687", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "high hopes for croatia s warm spring harbor remain unfulfilled", "label": [ "144661447", "3020650785" ], "author": [ "2679441524" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "it was supposed to be a rising star in eastern european science an incubator of young talent and an international magnet for croatia but today the mediterranean institute for life sciences housed in a historic building in split overlooking the adriatic sea is mired in controversy and appears to be on the brink of collapse the director and founder geneticist miroslav radman said on a national talk show in december that he was paying bills out of his own pocket funding has almost run dry and key staffers have left but critics say his autocratic management style and other missteps may have led to the institute9s undoing", "title_raw": "High Hopes for Croatia's 'Warm Spring Harbor' Remain Unfulfilled", "abstract_raw": "It was supposed to be a rising star in Eastern European science, an incubator of young talent and an international magnet for Croatia. But today, the Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, housed in a historic building in Split overlooking the Adriatic Sea, is mired in controversy and appears to be on the brink of collapse. The director and founder, geneticist Miroslav Radman, said on a national talk show in December that he was paying bills out of his own pocket. Funding has almost run dry, and key staffers have left. But critics say his autocratic management style and other missteps may have led to the institute9s undoing." }, { "paper": "2103600202", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2012", "title": "societal collapse or transformation and resilience", "label": [ "158071213", "122302079" ], "author": [ "2511575855", "2125330454" ], "reference": [ "2046499434", "2108172419", "2126218947", "2550649555" ], "abstract": "the recent article by butzer 1 illustrated through historical analysis that resilience is not enough many societies have collapsed irrespective of their resilience capacity we argue that it might be because of their preoccupation with resilience what they needed and what butzer also writes is transformability after overcoming initial ideological dissonance people can indeed come together to support change 1 this is truly a message for our times as governments struggle with transforming to low carbon societies", "title_raw": "Societal collapse or transformation, and resilience.", "abstract_raw": "The recent article by Butzer (1) illustrated, through historical analysis, that resilience is not enough: many societies have collapsed irrespective of their resilience capacity. We argue that it might be because of their preoccupation with resilience. What they needed, and what Butzer also writes, is transformability: \u201c\u2026after overcoming initial, ideological dissonance, people can indeed come together to support change\u201d (1). This is truly a message for our times as governments struggle with transforming to low-carbon societies." }, { "paper": "1599446968", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2012", "title": "strategy in information and influence campaigns how policy advocates social movements insurgent groups corporations governments and others get what they want by jarol b manheim", "label": [ "123108692", "39549134" ], "author": [ "3207795190" ], "reference": [ "1499708500" ], "abstract": "campaigns are ubiquitous features of today s world shaping the way institutions act and people think in them communications strategies play a central role and take a huge variety of forms given", "title_raw": "Strategy in Information and Influence Campaigns: How Policy Advocates, Social Movements, Insurgent Groups, Corporations, Governments and Others Get What They Want, by Jarol B. Manheim", "abstract_raw": "Campaigns are ubiquitous features of today's world, shaping the way institutions act and people think. In them, communications strategies play a central role and take a huge variety of forms. Given..." }, { "paper": "2079512334", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "indonesia to drop science for youngest students", "label": [ "47177190", "39549134", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2274243332" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "indonesian children lag far behind their peers on global measures of science aptitude but rather than use that poor performance as a call to arms the indonesian government wants to eliminate science as a subject in the nation s elementary schools the proposed changes were unveiled at the end of september but have only recently attracted widespread attention while many scientists are fuming some hope to persuade the government to restore natural sciences to the curriculum", "title_raw": "Indonesia to Drop Science for Youngest Students", "abstract_raw": "Indonesian children lag far behind their peers on global measures of science aptitude. But rather than use that poor performance as a call to arms, the Indonesian government wants to eliminate science as a subject in the nation's elementary schools. The proposed changes were unveiled at the end of September but have only recently attracted widespread attention. While many scientists are fuming, some hope to persuade the government to restore natural sciences to the curriculum." }, { "paper": "2011118915", "venue": "9731383", "year": "2012", "title": "public r d and social challenges what lessons from mission r d programs", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "87167189", "2792858703", "2290069171" ], "reference": [ "1968633605", "1996433661", "2111750594" ], "abstract": "reference epfl article 185702doi 10 1016 j respol 2012 07 011view record in web of science record created on 2013 03 28 modified on 2017 09 01", "title_raw": "Public R&D and social challenges: What lessons from mission R&D programs?", "abstract_raw": "Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-185702doi:10.1016/j.respol.2012.07.011View record in Web of Science Record created on 2013-03-28, modified on 2017-09-01" }, { "paper": "2077421214", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2012", "title": "the impact of expansion on european union institutions the eastern touch on brussels", "label": [ "549326192" ], "author": [ "1961257412" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Impact of Expansion on European Union Institutions: The Eastern Touch on Brussels", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2553750731", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2012", "title": "the muslim brotherhood s long game", "label": [ "17058734", "2781145704", "513891491" ], "author": [ "2114358141" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Muslim Brotherhood's Long Game", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1984519914", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "responsible research conduct", "label": [ "128268270" ], "author": [ "2762936184", "2222985169" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "last month the interacademy council iac and the interacademy panel iap the global network of science academies released a report on responsible behavior in science the recommendations of the committee which we chaired were inspired by several trends in today s research environment that have made it an exciting time to do research but have also made science a more complicated enterprise raising concerns about ethical conduct and values", "title_raw": "Responsible research conduct.", "abstract_raw": "Last Month, the Interacademy Council (IAC) and the Interacademy Panel (IAP), the Global network of science academies, released a report on responsible behavior in science.* The recommendations of the committee, which we chaired, were inspired by several trends in today's research environment that have made it an exciting time to do research, but have also made science a more complicated enterprise, raising concerns about ethical conduct and values." }, { "paper": "2335421368", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "focus on china a tale of two cities", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2630653601" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Focus on China: A Tale of Two Cities", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2152328127", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2012", "title": "the costs of compliance with interstate agreements lessons from water compacts in the western united states", "label": [ "3116431", "21711469", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2138422046", "2264504965", "2606034360" ], "reference": [ "171564053", "613699196", "625073744", "632609354", "1511597312", "1530226748", "1587342630", "1968344338", "1982483316", "2017688907", "2043466034", "2050147344", "2060637865", "2125480078", "2167784228", "2168381670", "2299418433", "2317447373", "2322819226", "2550718225", "2795641231", "2797009371", "2941382283", "3142973913" ], "abstract": "interstate compacts are one of the primary institutional mechanisms that states use for addressing regional issues such as sharing and management of transboundary rivers however state compliance with compacts can be challenging and costly this article asks how do conflict resolution venues and the design of state administrative systems affect the distribution of compliance costs through a study of western interstate water compacts we find that compliance costs are more equally shared among states in voluntary conflict resolution venues compared to compulsory venues in addition centralized administrative systems result in state governments bearing the costs of compliance actions whereas polycentric administrative systems distribute costs between the state and water users finally we explore the applicability of our findings to other interstate settings", "title_raw": "The Costs of Compliance with Interstate Agreements: Lessons from Water Compacts in the Western United States", "abstract_raw": "Interstate compacts are one of the primary institutional mechanisms that states use for addressing regional issues such as sharing and management of transboundary rivers. However, state compliance with compacts can be challenging and costly. This article asks: how do conflict resolution venues and the design of state administrative systems affect the distribution of compliance costs? Through a study of western interstate water compacts we find that compliance costs are more equally shared among states in voluntary conflict resolution venues compared to compulsory venues. In addition, centralized administrative systems result in state governments bearing the costs of compliance actions, whereas polycentric administrative systems distribute costs between the state and water users. Finally, we explore the applicability of our findings to other interstate settings." }, { "paper": "2118512281", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2012", "title": "towards a normal stratification order actual and perceived social stratification in post socialist estonia", "label": [ "48158472", "2775995803" ], "author": [ "2003286765" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Towards a Normal Stratification Order: Actual and Perceived Social Stratification in Post-Socialist Estonia:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2322690739", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2012", "title": "book review party position change in american politics coalition management", "label": [ "33343238", "522562087" ], "author": [ "3178282293" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book review: Party position change in American politics: Coalition management:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1984026422", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2012", "title": "justices and journalists the u s supreme court and the mediaby richard davis", "label": [ "2778272461", "199539241" ], "author": [ "550754037" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Justices and Journalists: The U.S. Supreme Court and the Mediaby Richard Davis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3123686807", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2012", "title": "incompetent plea bargaining and extrajudicial reforms", "label": [ "56617239", "2777886440", "2776071657", "190591210", "2780332160", "2776119841", "2778780086", "199539241", "2778272461" ], "author": [ "1882588404" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "for many years plea bargaining has been a gray m ark et courts are rarely involved leaving prose cut ors unconstrained by judges or juries 1 prosecutors plea offers largely set sentences checked only by defense lawyers in this laissez faire bargaining system defense lawyers not judges or juries are the primary guarantors of fair bargains and equal treatment for their clients 2 but the quality of defense lawyering varies widely bargaining can be a shadowy process influenced not only by the strength of the evidence and the seriousness of the crime but also by irrelevant factors such as counsel s competence compensation and zeal 3 and because bargaining takes place off the record and is conveyed to clients in confidence it is not easy to verify that defense counsel have represented their clients zealously and effectively nevertheless criminal procedure has long focused on jury trials even though guilty pleas resolve roughly ninety five percent of adjudicated criminal cases 4 the supreme court has usually treated plea bargaining as an afterthought doing little to regulate it 5 when it has regulated pleas the court has largely focused on the procedures for waiving trial rights not the substantive pros and cons of striking a deal 6 this past term the court for the first time addressed how the sixth amendment s guarantee of effective assistance of counsel applies to defendants who reject bargains and receive heavier sentences after fair trials in lafler v cooper 7 and missouri v frye 8 a five to four majority of the court held that ineffectiveness that leads defendants to reject plea bargains can satisfy both the performance and prejudice prongs of strickland v washington 9 incompetent lawyering that causes a defendant to reject a plea offer can constitute deficient performance and the resulting loss of a favorable plea bargain can constitute cognizable prejudice under the sixth amendment 10 the majority and dissenting opinions al most talked past each other reaching starkly different conclusions because they started from opposing premises contemporary and pragmatic versus historical and formalist the dissenters would have limited the sixth amendment to the jury trials with which the framers were concerned and proceedings ancillary to those trials 11 as justice scalia put it at oral argument a jury trial is the 24 karat test of fairness and defendants who fail to plead guilty cannot complain that they received the best thing that our legal system has to offer 12 justice kennedy s majority opinions by contrast rested heavily on the dominance of plea bargaining today and its central role in setting sentences as well as convictions even a fair trial cannot wipe away an earlier tactical decision that results in a much longer sentence after trial 13 belatedly the court noticed that ours is for the most part a system of pleas not a system of trials 14 the court like rip van winkle has at last a woken from its long slumber and sees the vast field it has left all but unregulated 15 justice scalia in dissent repeatedly assailed the majority for op en ing a whole new field of plea bargaining law 16 but it is about time now the big question is which institutions can and will ameliorate poor defense lawyering retrospectively or prospectively the upshot i predict will depend on semi private ordering few reversals in court but much more prospective extrajudicial reform ladler and frye will not cause courts of appeals to invalidate many convictions for constitutional error courts are poorly equipped to remedy woefully inadequate defense lawyering on their own plea bargaining creates little record after the fact review is cumbersome and expensive and courts are reluctant to reverse final judgments intrude on prosecutors prerogatives to bargain or subject defense counsel s performance to searching review", "title_raw": "Incompetent Plea Bargaining and Extrajudicial Reforms", "abstract_raw": "For many years, plea bargaining has been a gray m ark et. Courts are rarely involved, leaving prose cut ors unconstrained by judges or juries. (1) Prosecutors' plea offers largely set sentences, checked only by defense lawyers. In this laissez-faire bargaining system, defense lawyers, not judges or juries, are the primary guarantors of fair bargains and equal treatment for their clients. (2) But the quality of defense lawyering varies widely. Bargaining can be a shadowy process, influenced not only by the strength of the evidence and the seriousness of the crime but also by irrelevant factors such as counsel's competence, compensation, and zeal. (3) And because bargaining takes place off the record and is conveyed to clients in confidence, it is not easy to verify that defense counsel have represented their clients zealously and effectively. Nevertheless, criminal procedure has long focused on jury trials. Even though guilty pleas resolve roughly ninety five percent of adjudicated criminal cases, (4) the Supreme Court has usually treated plea bargaining as an afterthought, doing little to regulate it. (5) When it has regulated pleas, the Court has largely focused on the procedures for waiving trial rights, not the substantive pros and cons of striking a deal. (6) This past Term, the Court for the first time addressed how the Sixth Amendment's guarantee of effective assistance of counsel applies to defendants who reject bargains and receive heavier sentences after fair trials. In Lafler v. Cooper (7) and Missouri v. Frye, (8) a five-to-four majority of the Court held that ineffectiveness that leads defendants to reject plea bargains can satisfy both the performance and prejudice prongs of Strickland v. Washington. (9) Incompetent lawyering that causes a defendant to reject a plea offer can constitute deficient performance, and the resulting loss of a favorable plea bargain can constitute cognizable prejudice, under the Sixth Amendment. (10) The majority and dissenting opinions al most talked past each other, reaching starkly different conclusions because they started from opposing premises: contemporary and pragmatic versus historical and formalist. The dissenters would have limited the Sixth Amendment to the jury trials with which the Framers were concerned and proceedings ancillary to those trials. (11) As Justice Scalia put it at oral argument, a jury trial is \"the 24-karat test of fairness,\" and defendants who fail to plead guilty cannot complain that they received \"the best thing [that] our legal system \" has to offer. (12) Justice Kennedy's majority opinions, by contrast, rested heavily on the dominance of plea bargaining today and its central role in setting sentences as well as convictions. Even a fair trial cannot wipe away an earlier tactical decision that results in a much longer sentence after trial. (13) Belatedly, the Court noticed that \"ours 'is for the most part a system of pleas, not a system of trials.'\" (14) The Court, like Rip Van Winkle, has at last a woken from its long slumber and sees the vast field it has left all but unregulated. (15) Justice Scalia, in dissent, repeatedly assailed the majority for\" op en[ing] a whole new field of ... plea-bargaining law,\" (16) but it is about time. Now the big question is which institutions can and will ameliorate poor defense lawyering retrospectively or prospectively. The upshot, I predict, will depend on semi-private ordering: few reversals in court, but much more prospective extrajudicial reform. Ladler and Frye will not cause courts of appeals to invalidate many Convictions for constitutional error. Courts are poorly equipped to remedy woefully inadequate defense-lawyering on their own. Plea bargaining creates little record, after-the-fact review is cumbersome and expensive, and courts are reluctant to reverse final judgments, intrude on prosecutors' prerogatives to bargain, or subject defense counsel's performance to searching review. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2089372618", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2012", "title": "security votes in nigeria disguising stealing from the public purse", "label": [ "201342494", "2777234743", "528167355" ], "author": [ "2528889511", "2685315663", "2632450592", "2150781154" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Security votes in Nigeria: Disguising stealing from the public purse", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1972791170", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2012", "title": "triadic deterrence coercing strength beaten by weakness", "label": [ "46295352", "2776051254", "94625758", "2776398702", "199539241", "60643870" ], "author": [ "297676746", "2117324814" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "triadic deterrence is the situation when one state uses threats and or punishments against another state to coerce it to prevent non state actors from conducting attacks from its territory under what conditions is triadic deterrence successful some attribute outcomes to the balance of power between states by contrast we argue that the complex asymmetrical structure of this conflict requires attention to the targeted regime s relationship to its own society the stronger the targeted regime the more likely deterrent action will prove effective moving against non state actors requires institutional capacity domestic legitimacy and territorial control which only strong regimes are able to furnish whereas strong regimes can act to uphold raison d etat weak regimes lack the political tools and incentives to undertake controversial decisions and enforce them we illustrate this argument through analysis of between and within case variation in israel s attempts to deter palestinian groups operating f", "title_raw": "Triadic Deterrence: Coercing Strength, Beaten by Weakness", "abstract_raw": "Triadic deterrence is the situation when one state uses threats and/or punishments against another state to coerce it to prevent non-state actors from conducting attacks from its territory. Under what conditions is triadic deterrence successful? Some attribute outcomes to the balance of power between states. By contrast, we argue that the complex asymmetrical structure of this conflict requires attention to the targeted regime's relationship to its own society. The stronger the targeted regime, the more likely deterrent action will prove effective. Moving against non-state actors requires institutional capacity, domestic legitimacy, and territorial control, which only strong regimes are able to furnish. Whereas strong regimes can act to uphold raison d\u2019etat, weak regimes lack the political tools and incentives to undertake controversial decisions and enforce them. We illustrate this argument through analysis of between- and within-case variation in Israel's attempts to deter Palestinian groups operating f..." }, { "paper": "1997316851", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2012", "title": "using local culture to further the implementation of international human rights the receptor approach", "label": [ "86615163", "169437150", "22299250", "199539241", "543595228", "27357055", "95691615" ], "author": [ "2614437312" ], "reference": [ "166655730", "1510943890", "1530209890", "1574856848", "1599353691", "1964201209", "1989390951", "2008494169", "2017903079", "2020616028", "2040828468", "2051105555", "2054949085", "2072503578", "2089101331", "2111995715", "2169184720", "2399427916", "3095918054", "3123534522", "3124664847", "3125002455" ], "abstract": "states are free to choose their own means for implementing international human rights obligations western states usually rely on legal means in particular legally enforceable individual rights however law does not enjoy a monopoly the receptor approach assumes that especially in eastern and southern states international human rights obligations can be implemented more fully through local social institutions it identifies domestic social institutions capable of meeting human rights standards and assumes that where these social arrangements fall short of human rights obligations", "title_raw": "Using Local Culture to Further the Implementation of International Human Rights: The Receptor Approach", "abstract_raw": "States are free to choose their own means for implementing international human rights obligations. Western states usually rely on legal means, in particular legally enforceable individual rights. However, law does not enjoy a monopoly. The receptor approach assumes that, especially in Eastern and Southern states, international human rights obligations can be implemented more fully through local social institutions. It identifies domestic social institutions capable of meeting human rights standards and assumes that, where these social arrangements fall short of human rights obligations," }, { "paper": "2061264757", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2012", "title": "china s regulatory state a new strategy for globalization roselyn hsueh ithaca and london cornell university press 2011 xvi 303 pp 75 00 isbn 978 0 8014 7743 0", "label": [ "2119116", "2775930736", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2498834189" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China's Regulatory State: A New Strategy for Globalization . ROSELYN HSUEH. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2011. xvi + 303 pp., $75.00. ISBN 978-0-8014-7743-0", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2165254375", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2012", "title": "teaching islam and human rights in the classroom", "label": [ "2776427498", "2778521920", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2583159051" ], "reference": [ "132219902", "584465801", "588754426", "1521274701", "1564334089", "1572925217", "1573778333", "1605963737", "1972160509", "1973124897", "1991217115", "1995661964", "2012259135", "2012308892", "2021651256", "2033384122", "2042989391", "2051655286", "2057898882", "2070018341", "2110819156", "2120819170", "2127059004", "2154436817", "2164142751", "2318518498", "2493397465", "2570325360", "2616324404", "3124194899", "3145251899" ], "abstract": "this article discusses my approach to teaching a course on islam and human rights i begin by examining the attention islam has received in the media and classroom then i discuss how i structure lectures on islam and human rights the various readings associated with the lectures as well as common themes discussed in class that include but are not limited to islamic law women s rights and minority rights from there i discuss a range of different approaches to the islam and human rights discourse i then describe how i test the students knowledge of the material", "title_raw": "Teaching \u201cIslam and Human Rights\u201d in the Classroom", "abstract_raw": "This article discusses my approach to teaching a course on Islam and human rights. I begin by examining the attention Islam has received in the media and classroom. Then, I discuss how I structure lectures on Islam and human rights, the various readings associated with the lectures, as well as common themes discussed in class that include but are not limited to Islamic law, women's rights, and minority rights. From there, I discuss a range of different approaches to the Islam and human rights discourse. I then describe how I test the students' knowledge of the material." }, { "paper": "1992727066", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2012", "title": "government accountability and voting choice in italy 1990 2008", "label": [ "94625758", "2776568539", "199539241", "2776007630", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2164250094" ], "reference": [ "611038307", "1543446303", "1559040657", "1565589301", "1604910017", "1972027202", "1984711939", "1999931688", "2011362767", "2018972251", "2056773410", "2138044955", "2274626103", "3020241107", "3206534233" ], "abstract": "between 1996 and 2008 italy has experienced four government alternations in as many consecutive elections it could be argued that after the dramatic party change that occurred in the early 90s the italian system is in a state of constant flux and voters appear rather bewildered this paper presents an opposite argument showing that voters choice reflects the greater importance of valence politics performance the economy acting as a cue to voting behaviour interacting with a long term political predisposition in turn this promotes parties responsiveness and accountability since the overall performance of a government even of a coalition government appears as a goal to be shared by all partners under the threat of defeat for all the analysis is carried out employing the italian national elections studies series", "title_raw": "Government accountability and voting choice in Italy, 1990\u20132008", "abstract_raw": "Between 1996 and 2008 Italy has experienced four government alternations in as many consecutive elections. It could be argued that after the dramatic party change that occurred in the early 90s the Italian system is in a state of constant flux and voters appear rather bewildered. This paper presents an opposite argument, showing that voters' choice reflects the greater importance of valence politics \u2013 performance, the economy \u2013 acting as a cue to voting behaviour, interacting with a long-term political predisposition. In turn, this promotes parties' responsiveness and accountability since the overall performance of a government \u2013 even of a coalition government \u2013 appears as a goal to be shared by all partners, under the threat of defeat for all. The analysis is carried out employing the Italian National Elections Studies series." }, { "paper": "2081325011", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2012", "title": "why autonomy the making of nagorno karabakh autonomous region 1918 1925", "label": [ "199539241", "65414064", "2778495208" ], "author": [ "2314221088" ], "reference": [ "591485695", "630490236", "644368078", "1494638637", "1497398916", "1504638113", "1593535928", "1972562934", "1983676224", "2005219123", "2042252813", "2044131752", "2083514096", "2144955471", "2148305309", "2161443965", "2264119992", "2344579725" ], "abstract": "abstract mountainous karabakh an armenian populated area within elizavetpol guberniya with a turkic majority became a source of dispute between armenia and azerbaijan after the collapse of the russian empire during the soviet conquest of the region the bolshevik party used the issue of karabakh to promote its agenda by supporting at times the claims of its ally azerbaijan or those of armenia when it needed to facilitate the capture of zangezur by 1921 when the sovietisation of the region was complete the karabakh issue was still unresolved the solution adopted was to leave karabakh under azerbaijani control on condition that it had autonomous status but this was a solution that satisfied neither side", "title_raw": "Why Autonomy? The Making of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region 1918\u20131925", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Mountainous Karabakh\u2014an Armenian-populated area within Elizavetpol\u2019 guberniya with a Turkic majority\u2014became a source of dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan after the collapse of the Russian Empire. During the Soviet conquest of the region, the Bolshevik Party used the issue of Karabakh to promote its agenda by supporting at times the claims of its ally Azerbaijan, or those of Armenia when it needed to facilitate the capture of Zangezur. By 1921, when the Sovietisation of the region was complete, the Karabakh issue was still unresolved. The solution adopted was to leave Karabakh under Azerbaijani control on condition that it had autonomous status, but this was a solution that satisfied neither side." }, { "paper": "1542222056", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2012", "title": "reviewing jose e alvarez the public international law regime governing international investment", "label": [ "185436325", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2157456487" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reviewing Jos\u00e9 E. Alvarez, The Public International Law Regime Governing International Investment", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2083314582", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2012", "title": "special issue part i deservingness and the politics of health care", "label": [ "160735492", "94625758", "105379811", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2103218882" ], "reference": [ "2004420697", "2016491147", "2016819000", "2020815298", "2037613392", "2044403986", "2056017824", "2067360784", "2076595833", "2086111149", "2096365858", "2126962786", "2239157663" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Special Issue Part I: \u2018Deservingness\u2019 and the politics of health care", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2153987791", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2012", "title": "macrolevel consent a defense of federalism", "label": [ "533735693", "199539241", "2777708924" ], "author": [ "2235080793" ], "reference": [ "43779470", "613227230", "621531570", "1487830780", "1509680635", "1535803599", "1554659071", "1974495012", "1984683542", "1989745301", "1993091619", "1999309452", "2005175981", "2026248965", "2034472383", "2047661196", "2047809706", "2049646139", "2074707014", "2081714882", "2084273536", "2090232986", "2091149637", "2094477937", "2103795694", "2113401162", "2126369168", "2127736977", "2133533183", "2141716577", "2152630170", "2307584574", "2312249026", "2315035486", "2316738114", "2316746001", "2332912331", "2333985054", "2481744137", "2612675639", "3006402636", "3096151115", "3125045180", "3125285252" ], "abstract": "this article develops a defense of federalism that builds from a virtue ethics justification of consent in doing so it introduces macrolevel consent which permits a defense of federalism that is both normatively and practically satisfying this article s defense of federalism is a necessary step in developing a theory of federalism the first section of the article develops a virtue ethics defense of consent that is based on an aristotelian view of human nature and human flourishing the second section draws on johannes althusius to show the role of consent in a federal system the third section outlines how the iroquois confederation used a version of macrolevel consent within a federal framework", "title_raw": "Macrolevel Consent: A Defense of Federalism", "abstract_raw": "This article develops a defense of federalism that builds from a virtue ethics justification of consent. In doing so, it introduces macrolevel consent which permits a defense of federalism that is both normatively and practically satisfying. This article's defense of federalism is a necessary step in developing a theory of federalism. The first section of the article develops a virtue ethics defense of consent that is based on an Aristotelian view of human nature and human flourishing. The second section draws on Johannes Althusius to show the role of consent in a federal system. The third section outlines how the Iroquois Confederation used a version of macrolevel consent within a federal framework." }, { "paper": "2940793152", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2012", "title": "privatization marketization and neoliberalism the political dynamics of post katrina new orleans a discussion of cedric johnson s the neoliberal deluge hurricane katrina late capitalism and the remaking of new orleans", "label": [ "2776208816", "2779418425", "121658072", "94625758", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2125695210" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "hurricane katrina was a disaster both natural and social the storm destroyed a major american city that like most american cities was already the site of great inequality and vulnerability it also dramatically put to the test both the logistical capabilities and the political responsibilities of national state and local governmental institutions the neoliberal deluge hurricane katrina late capitalism and the remaking of new orleans is an important collection of essays on the dynamics of remaking new orleans and the limits of that effort we have thus asked a diverse group of political scientists to review the book and at the same time to treat it as an opportunity to reflect on two related questions 1 what are the most important economic cultural and political dimensions of the crisis precipitated by katrina both for new orleans and for us cities more generally 2 what resources does political science as a discipline possess to help us understand these issues and can political science as a discipline do a better job on this score jeffrey c issac editor", "title_raw": "Privatization, Marketization, and Neoliberalism\u2014The Political Dynamics of Post-Katrina New Orleans: A Discussion of Cedric Johnson's The Neoliberal Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, Late Capitalism, and the Remaking of New Orleans", "abstract_raw": "Hurricane Katrina was a \u201cdisaster\u201d both \u201cnatural\u201d and \u201csocial.\u201d The storm destroyed a major American city that, like most American cities, was already the site of great inequality and vulnerability. It also dramatically put to the test both the logistical capabilities and the political responsibilities of national, state, and local governmental institutions. The Neoliberal Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, Late Capitalism, and the Remaking of New Orleans is an important collection of essays on the dynamics of \u201cremaking New Orleans\u201d and the limits of that effort. We have thus asked a diverse group of political scientists to review the book, and at the same time to treat it as an opportunity to reflect on two related questions: 1) What are the most important economic, cultural, and political dimensions of the crisis precipitated by Katrina, both for New Orleans and for US cities more generally? 2) What resources does political science as a discipline possess to help us understand these issues, and can political science as a discipline do a better job on this score?\u2014Jeffrey C. Issac, Editor" }, { "paper": "2323743381", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2012", "title": "breaks in the chain what immigrant workers can teach america about democracy by paul apostolidis minneapolis university of minnesota press 2010 344p 73 50 cloth 24 50 paper", "label": [ "555826173", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2119802735" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Breaks in the Chain: What Immigrant Workers Can Teach America About Democracy. By Paul Apostolidis. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010. 344p. $73.50 cloth, $24.50 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2090272293", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "as isolation ends myanmar faces new ecological risks", "label": [ "2779658105", "33842695", "148834064", "52930066", "2781440851", "2778069335" ], "author": [ "2490231147" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "myanmar9s environment is at a crossroads its fate hinging on how recent reforms reshape the country in his 17 months in office president thein sein has legalized labor unions rolled back censorship and released hundreds of imprisoned dissidents in april nobel peace laureate aung san suu kyi was allowed to run for parliament winning handily after spending much of the last 20 years under house arrest encouraged by those developments the united states and other countries have eased sanctions on the long isolated country opening the floodgates to foreign investment some observers fear that will be bad news for biodiversity the government they contend won9t try to keep developers on a short leash others are optimistic that myanmar9s leaders will embrace a sustainable path", "title_raw": "As Isolation Ends, Myanmar Faces New Ecological Risks", "abstract_raw": "Myanmar9s environment is at a crossroads, its fate hinging on how recent reforms reshape the country. In his 17 months in office, President Thein Sein has legalized labor unions, rolled back censorship, and released hundreds of imprisoned dissidents. In April, Nobel Peace laureate Aung San Suu Kyi was allowed to run for parliament, winning handily after spending much of the last 20 years under house arrest. Encouraged by those developments, the United States and other countries have eased sanctions on the long-isolated country, opening the floodgates to foreign investment. Some observers fear that will be bad news for biodiversity: The government, they contend, won9t try to keep developers on a short leash. Others are optimistic that Myanmar9s leaders will embrace a sustainable path." }, { "paper": "1967976869", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2012", "title": "turbulence boeing and the state of american workers and managers", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2110298679" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Turbulence: Boeing and the State of American Workers and Managers", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2009853476", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2012", "title": "designing a polity america s constitution in theory and practiceby james w ceaser", "label": [ "2776154427", "199539241", "2779707719" ], "author": [ "2236673475" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Designing a Polity: America's Constitution in Theory and Practiceby James W. Ceaser", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2133292862", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2012", "title": "the effect of trust in government on rallies round the flag", "label": [ "148834064", "134698397", "3116431", "93377909" ], "author": [ "1565361113" ], "reference": [ "1479815505", "1560718776", "1571998729", "1585451904", "1604489340", "1906742905", "1932767922", "1964688764", "1975568438", "1985813174", "2002357159", "2002878897", "2010192894", "2022558457", "2027240350", "2030398623", "2032924814", "2043252273", "2044073085", "2044687826", "2045102314", "2045769673", "2049863463", "2055054203", "2056176140", "2059225194", "2063134111", "2063890925", "2067052028", "2071945695", "2073501576", "2084749785", "2085001395", "2086628818", "2089351107", "2099304543", "2101525392", "2105250815", "2106901748", "2113607642", "2118201783", "2124378400", "2132841365", "2143288831", "2158441614", "2321584362", "2505718944", "3126030768" ], "abstract": "previous research has shown that foreign policy crises can cause a rally round the flag effect boosting citizens approval of their leaders while scholars agree on the effect s existence its", "title_raw": "The effect of trust in government on rallies \u2019round the flag:", "abstract_raw": "Previous research has shown that foreign policy crises can cause a \u2018rally \u2019round the flag\u2019 effect, boosting citizens\u2019 approval of their leaders. While scholars agree on the effect\u2019s existence, its ..." }, { "paper": "1977050689", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2012", "title": "justice and democracy in the balkans", "label": [ "199539241", "555826173", "139621336", "2776007630" ], "author": [ "2629605352" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a generation after the balkan wars of the 1990s serbs have struggled to achieve accountability and reconciliation belgrade s record may not offer a blueprint for others but it has not yet failed", "title_raw": "Justice and Democracy in the Balkans", "abstract_raw": "A generation after the Balkan wars of the 1990s, Serbs have struggled to achieve accountability and reconciliation. Belgrade's record may not offer a blueprint for others, but it has not yet failed." }, { "paper": "2078141162", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "seeking cures for north korea s environmental ills", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2274243332" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a landmark seminar on ecological restoration in pyongyang capital of the democratic people9s republic of korea sponsored by the american association for the advancement of science aaas science9s publisher brought together 85 north koreans and 14 experts from eight other countries to take stock of dprk9s ecological misery share ideas on how to restore its ecosystems and improve the country9s food security in a boost for korean scientists it was the first international conference in dprk since kim jong un took power in december bringing north korea9s environment back into equilibrium will be a monumental challenge and securing help from outside could become more difficult thanks to growing political tensions", "title_raw": "Seeking Cures for North Korea's Environmental Ills", "abstract_raw": "A landmark seminar on ecological restoration in Pyongyang, capital of the Democratic People9s Republic of Korea, sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS, Science9s publisher), brought together 85 North Koreans and 14 experts from eight other countries to take stock of DPRK9s ecological misery, share ideas on how to restore its ecosystems, and improve the country9s food security. In a boost for Korean scientists, it was the first international conference in DPRK since Kim Jong Un took power in December. Bringing North Korea9s environment back into equilibrium will be a monumental challenge. And securing help from outside could become more difficult, thanks to growing political tensions." }, { "paper": "2078941576", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2012", "title": "markets and bodies women service work and the making of inequality in china eileen otis stanford ca stanford university press 2012 xi 214 pp 80 00 isbn 978 0 8047 7649 3", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2634035477" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Markets and Bodies: Women, Service Work, and the Making of Inequality in China . EILEEN OTIS. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012. xi + 214 pp. $80.00. ISBN 978-0-8047-7649-3", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2320731645", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2012", "title": "no right turn conservative politics in a liberal america by david t courtwright cambridge ma harvard university press 2010 352p 29 95", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2597985540" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "No Right Turn: Conservative Politics in a Liberal America . By David T. Courtwright. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010. 352p. $29.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2326707167", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2012", "title": "book review bert swart alexander zahar and goran sluiter eds the legacy of the international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia", "label": [ "2777438998" ], "author": [ "2658795921" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Bert Swart, Alexander Zahar and G\u00f6ran Sluiter (eds), The Legacy of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1986777595", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2012", "title": "eduardo elena dignifying argentina peronism citizenship and mass consumption", "label": [ "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2706527693" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Eduardo Elena. Dignifying Argentina: Peronism, Citizenship, and Mass Consumption.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2077693966", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2012", "title": "international health regulations in the occupied palestinian territory", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2681461314" ], "reference": [ "224885174", "2069294870" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "International health regulations in the occupied Palestinian territory.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2327419271", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2012", "title": "australian research grants escape government cutbacks", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2618153876" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Australian research grants escape government cutbacks", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2940455425", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2012", "title": "global energy security and american hegemony by doug stokes and sam raphael baltimore johns hopkins university press 2010 296p 60 00 cloth 30 00 paper", "label": [ "135121143" ], "author": [ "2619081724" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Global Energy Security and American Hegemony . By Doug Stokes and Sam Raphael. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010. 296p. $60.00 cloth, $30.00 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2324989970", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2012", "title": "the politics of electoral reform changing the rules of democracy by alan renwick new york cambridge university press 2010 328p 95 00 cloth 43 00 paper", "label": [ "94625758", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2160844259" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Electoral Reform: Changing the Rules of Democracy . By Alan Renwick. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 328p. $95.00 cloth, $43.00 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1499047262", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2012", "title": "the europeanisation of the western balkans eu justice and home affairs in croatia and macedonia by f trauner", "label": [ "139621336", "3116431", "2780153333" ], "author": [ "49006071" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Europeanisation of the Western Balkans: EU Justice and Home Affairs in Croatia and Macedonia \u2013 By F. Trauner", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2037818171", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2012", "title": "japan fails to settle university dispute", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "223312324" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Japan fails to settle university dispute", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2152665611", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2012", "title": "candidate visual appearance as a shortcut for both sophisticated and unsophisticated voters evidence from a spanish online study", "label": [ "2777094542", "177324205", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2676200638" ], "reference": [ "631469306", "1483679835", "1533726682", "1542646705", "1832238961", "1968659340", "1974001544", "1986774131", "1991107651", "2009209095", "2011565638", "2012728340", "2015520986", "2017941065", "2042133591", "2054432526", "2054820701", "2073295871", "2090238555", "2094971750", "2113516264", "2128311543", "2134874117", "2157421317", "2158032059", "2172299554", "2188947830", "2248477810", "2903590133" ], "abstract": "an experiment was designed to ascertain if political sophistication helps the voter focus on the available information about the ideology of candidates as opposed to drawing inferences on the candidates personality based on their photos with this purpose in mind 937 participants in a web questionnaire were presented with two unknown hypothetical candidates and were asked to vote for one of them information on the candidates was presented and successively manipulated in the fashion of electoral posters showing both the candidates pictures as well as a set of policy statements according to the findings the photograph of a candidate significantly influences voter behavior at the ballot box moreover a higher level of political sophistication does not prevent or reduce the possibility that such visual information may have a bearing on a candidate s electoral success", "title_raw": "Candidate Visual Appearance as a Shortcut for Both Sophisticated and Unsophisticated Voters: Evidence from a Spanish Online Study", "abstract_raw": "An experiment was designed to ascertain if political sophistication helps the voter focus on the available information about the ideology of candidates as opposed to drawing inferences on the candidates\u2019 personality based on their photos. With this purpose in mind, 937 participants in a web questionnaire were presented with two unknown hypothetical candidates and were asked to vote for one of them. Information on the candidates was presented (and successively manipulated) in the fashion of electoral posters showing both the candidates\u2019 pictures as well as a set of policy statements. According to the findings, the photograph of a candidate significantly influences voter behavior at the ballot box. Moreover, a higher level of political sophistication does not prevent or reduce the possibility that such visual information may have a bearing on a candidate\u2019s electoral success." }, { "paper": "2019841612", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2012", "title": "the battle over america s foreign policy doctrine", "label": [ "2779930594", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2706431623", "2684820726" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "obama s foreign policies and rhetoric are a major departure from that which has prevailed in the united states for generations republicans have a different idea", "title_raw": "The Battle over America's Foreign Policy Doctrine", "abstract_raw": "Obama's foreign policies and rhetoric are a major departure from that which has prevailed in the United States for generations. Republicans have a different idea." }, { "paper": "2324226994", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2012", "title": "of camps and critiques a reply to security war violence", "label": [ "509929229", "79165680", "196927870", "199539241", "505623098" ], "author": [ "2584234440" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Of Camps and Critiques: A Reply to \u2018Security, War, Violence\u2019", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2327640266", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2012", "title": "keith pomakoy helping humanity american policy and genocide rescue lanham md lexington books 2011 pp xi 235 70 00", "label": [ "204342414", "199539241", "2780422510" ], "author": [ "2628911753" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Keith Pomakoy. Helping Humanity: American Policy and Genocide Rescue. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. 2011. Pp. xi, 235. $70.00", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "166713102", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2012", "title": "canadian subsidiary of major u s company pleads guilty to criminal charges for helping china develop attack helicopter", "label": [ "199539241", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Canadian Subsidiary of Major U.S. Company Pleads Guilty to Criminal Charges for Helping China Develop Attack Helicopter", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2028213804", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2012", "title": "a comeback for capitalism", "label": [ "2779610281", "121658072", "514928085", "101173714", "84309077", "2779707719" ], "author": [ "11125143" ], "reference": [ "2012986671" ], "abstract": "1970s however all of this changed and from now on capitalism became a word with positive public connotations it could suddenly be found in advertisements in the business press in the speeches of ceos and so on most important the fundamentally marxian claim that capitalism as a system is global unified and coherent has been embraced by the apostles of neoliberalism this is their foundation for arguing that each nation has no choice but to engage in the same process of privatization deregulation and public sector retrenchment if it expects to prosper in an increasingly competitive global capitalist system block 85 block s essay appeared a decade ago and if he had updated it today he might have added that as the popularity of the term capitalism has continued in the public sphere its use among social scientists has declined today s sociologists for example tend to use such words as the economy the market entrepreneurship corporations and so on but rarely capitalism but this tendency to ignore capitalism may be about to change when the financial crisis hit the united states many academics felt a need to take a new look at the theory of capitalism and see what it can add to understanding what is going on by now several years after the collapse of lehman brothers you can find quite a few attempts by sociologists and other social scientists to revive the analyses of capitalism the two works that will be reviewed in this essay belong to this group a textbook on global capitalism by miguel centeno and joseph cohen and a monograph on the recent history of capitalism in germany by wolfgang streeck global capitalism a sociological perspective by miguel centeno and joseph cohen cambridge uk polity press 2010 246pp 22 95 paper isbn 9780745644516", "title_raw": "A Comeback for Capitalism", "abstract_raw": "1970s however, all of this changed; and from now on \"capitalism\" became a word with positive public connotations. It could suddenly be found in advertisements, in the business press, in the speeches of CEOs, and so on. \"Most important, the fundamentally Marxian claim that capitalism as a system is global, unified, and coherent has been embraced by the apostles of neoliberalism. This is their foundation for arguing that each nation has no choice but to engage in the same process of privatization, deregulation, and public-sector retrenchment if it expects to prosper in an increasingly competitive global capitalist system\" (Block: 85). Block's essay appeared a decade ago, and if he had updated it today, he might have added that as the popularity of the term capitalism has continued in the public sphere, its use among social scientists has declined. Today's sociologists, for example, tend to use such words as \"the economy,\" \"the market,\" \"entrepreneurship,\" \"corporations,\" and so on but rarely \"capitalism.\" But this tendency to ignore capitalism may be about to change. When the financial crisis hit the United States, many academics felt a need to take a new look at the theory of capitalism and see what it can add to understanding what is going on. By now, several years after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, you can find quite a few attempts by sociologists and other social scientists to revive the analyses of capitalism. The two works that will be reviewed in this essay belong to this group: a textbook on global capitalism by Miguel Centeno and Joseph Cohen, and a monograph on the recent history of capitalism in Germany by Wolfgang Streeck. Global Capitalism: A Sociological Perspective , by Miguel Centeno and Joseph Cohen. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2010. 246pp. $22.95 paper. ISBN: 9780745644516." }, { "paper": "2074738495", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2012", "title": "gauging the public s preparedness for mobile public relations the text for haiti campaign", "label": [ "39549134", "2777042776", "2776058685" ], "author": [ "99907741", "2096177366" ], "reference": [ "1482239362", "1597676647", "1791587663", "2022363031", "2033943395", "2036389121", "2064463061", "2082002050", "2144283632", "2244827983", "2600909651" ], "abstract": "abstract the technology acceptance model was created to measure the public s attitudes toward and acceptance of new technologies text messaging has been used in the public relations domain for crisis communication alerts but there have been few attempts to use it in other domains through an electronic survey of previous american red cross donors donors to the text for haiti campaign had more favorable attitudes than those who did not donate via text messaging however the survey participants did not completely reflect the technology acceptance model although they perceived that text message campaigns were easy to participate in the path analysis revealed that these thoughts resulted in less desirable attitudes toward participating in the campaigns", "title_raw": "Gauging the public's preparedness for mobile public relations: The \u201cText for Haiti\u201d campaign", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The technology acceptance model was created to measure the public's attitudes toward and acceptance of new technologies. Text messaging has been used in the public relations domain for crisis communication alerts, but there have been few attempts to use it in other domains. Through an electronic survey of previous American Red Cross donors, donors to the \u201cText for Haiti\u201d campaign had more favorable attitudes than those who did not donate via text messaging. However, the survey participants did not completely reflect the technology acceptance model. Although they perceived that text message campaigns were easy to participate in, the path analysis revealed that these thoughts resulted in less desirable attitudes toward participating in the campaigns." }, { "paper": "2161620529", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2012", "title": "the right tool for the job the canalization of presidential policy attention by policy instrument", "label": [ "2781243023", "70036468", "3116431", "123587114", "93377909", "83009810", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2040126213" ], "reference": [ "462827484", "2042044294", "2045439886", "2056451351", "2084754581", "2089879164", "2097893638", "2108360848", "2113607642", "2115385361", "2122920599", "2124925762", "2329342677", "2333203909" ], "abstract": "this article investigates how presidential policy attention is allocated across policy tools and whether there is a channeling of tool use by policy area i also examine whether there is evidence of disproportionate information processing within presidential policy attention allocation and whether it is common across presidential policy tools presidential messages hearings on administrations legislative proposals amicus briefs and executive orders are employed to capture presidential policy tools the allocation of attention via these four instruments is examined from 1957 2007 in the policy areas of defense and foreign affairs macroeconomics banking and commerce civil rights law and crime and labor and immigration i find that there is a canalization of presidential policy attention by instrument and that the opportunity structure of policy tools shapes attention allocation additionally i find evidence for punctuated equilibrium theory in the allocation of presidential policy attention via these four tools when presidents do shift their attention to an issue area they often attack the issue with some coordination of their policy instruments", "title_raw": "The Right Tool for the Job: The Canalization of Presidential Policy Attention by Policy Instrument", "abstract_raw": "This article investigates how presidential policy attention is allocated across policy tools and whether there is a channeling of tool use by policy area. I also examine whether there is evidence of disproportionate information processing within presidential policy attention allocation and whether it is common across presidential policy tools. Presidential messages, hearings on administrations' legislative proposals, amicus briefs, and executive orders are employed to capture presidential policy tools. The allocation of attention via these four instruments is examined from 1957\u20132007 in the policy areas of defense and foreign affairs, macroeconomics, banking and commerce, civil rights, law and crime, and labor and immigration. I find that there is a canalization of presidential policy attention by instrument, and that the opportunity structure of policy tools shapes attention allocation. Additionally, I find evidence for punctuated equilibrium theory in the allocation of presidential policy attention via these four tools. When presidents do shift their attention to an issue area, they often attack the issue with some coordination of their policy instruments." }, { "paper": "1567783310", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2012", "title": "european foreign policy legal and political perspectives edited by p koutrakos", "label": [ "44394981", "188888794", "93377909", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2311904802" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "European Foreign Policy: Legal and Political Perspectives \u2013 Edited by P. Koutrakos", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1985271905", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2012", "title": "competing for change regime transition intrastate competition and violence", "label": [ "2780093650", "2776398702", "2776051254", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2309064335" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "when collective violence breaks out during periods of regime change the root cause of that violence is ordinarily assumed to be a failure of state and or governmental organizations alongside transition however there are limits to the applicability of this understanding since violence sometimes erupts during regime change even when state and executive organs remain intact this paper addresses those puzzling cases by arguing that transitional violence can be a by product of competition between or within a state s security services for power and resources in an emerging regime competition develops where there is intense uncertainty about the form that the new regime might take and associated uncertainty about the distribution of power and state funds among state security services within that regime the dynamics of transitional violence through intrastate competition are illustrated in the paper through treatment of two most different cases indonesia 1998 and romania 1990", "title_raw": "Competing for change: regime transition, intrastate competition, and violence", "abstract_raw": "When collective violence breaks out during periods of regime change, the root cause of that violence is ordinarily assumed to be a failure of state and/or governmental organizations, alongside transition. However, there are limits to the applicability of this understanding, since violence sometimes erupts during regime change, even when state and executive organs remain intact. This paper addresses those puzzling cases, by arguing that transitional violence can be a by-product of competition between, or within, a state's security services\u2014for power and resources in an emerging regime. Competition develops where there is intense uncertainty about the form that the new regime might take and associated uncertainty about the distribution of power and state funds among state security services within that regime. The dynamics of transitional violence through intrastate competition are illustrated in the paper through treatment of two \u201cmost different\u201d cases: Indonesia (1998) and Romania (1990)." }, { "paper": "2104377932", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2012", "title": "zambia mining and neoliberalism boom and bust on the globalised copperbelt edited by a fraser and m larmer new york palgrave macmillan2010 pp xxi 298 60 00 hbk", "label": [ "118589477" ], "author": [ "2108959109" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Zambia, Mining, and Neoliberalism: boom and bust on the globalised Copperbelt edited by A. Fraser and M. Larmer. New York: Palgrave Macmillan2010. Pp. xxi+298, \u00a360\u00b700 (hbk).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2555593237", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2012", "title": "the u s army in a time of transition", "label": [ "93377909", "44394981", "3116431" ], "author": [ "1424024591" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The U.S. Army in a Time of Transition", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2606484220", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2012", "title": "gate crashing the opposition", "label": [ "3116431", "2780668109", "17058734" ], "author": [ "2084098160", "2402178125" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Gate Crashing the Opposition", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2547312407", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2012", "title": "the right way out of afghanistan", "label": [ "201342494", "93377909", "17058734", "188888794" ], "author": [ "2100555061", "2670818980" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Right Way Out of Afghanistan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2931715790", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2012", "title": "political communication in switzerland", "label": [ "90508534" ], "author": [ "2075821334", "335897609", "2072391650" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Communication in Switzerland", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1964145888", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2012", "title": "india outlines plans for national urban health mission", "label": [ "160735492", "148834064", "201342494", "121272143" ], "author": [ "2646250122" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in a recent speech at one of india s premier medical institutes prime minister manmohan singh talked publicly about the government s plans to launch a special programme aimed at improving the health of the urban population termed the national urban health mission nuhm the initiative will follow on from the fl agship national rural health mission nrhm launched 7 years ago to improve access to health care in rural parts of india the prime minister also expressed hope that the two programmes together will in the future lead to a unifi ed national health mission in 2005 the nrhm launched with the aim of improving the then abysmal health care delivery system across rural india the nrhm though marred with issues of poor governance and corruption has been instrumental in improving several health indicators particularly with respect to maternal and child health however unlike the millions who benefi ted from the rural programme the urban poor owing to the absence of any comprehensive health programme have largely been left to fend for themselves nuhm is set to cover the country s seven big metropolitan areas and 772 cities with a population of more than 50 000 people the government plans to invest more than inr225 billion into the health care sector via nuhm the past decade in india was witness to rapid economic growth with greater economic opportunities there has been an exponential rise in the urban population especially in unorganised slums harsh agarwal previously a consultant with the planning commission of india explained the rationale behind the nuhm to the lancet with the growing urban population the demand for sanitation drinking water electricity shelter and health care is set to grow since the majority of the migrant population are daily wage workers and marginal labourers it becomes highly important for the government to provide free access to basic health care facilities to urban poor the urban areas have their own challenges and diffi culties in meeting the health care needs diff erent from rural settings thus it is essential to start a separate programme like nuhm which is designed to cater to the needs of urban poor", "title_raw": "India outlines plans for National Urban Health Mission.", "abstract_raw": "In a recent speech at one of India\u2019s premier medical institutes, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh talked publicly about the government\u2019s plans to launch a special programme aimed at improving the health of the urban population. Termed the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM), the initiative will follow on from the fl agship National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) launched 7 years ago to improve access to health care in rural parts of India. The Prime Minister also expressed hope that the two programmes together will in the future lead to a unifi ed National Health Mission. In 2005, the NRHM launched with the aim of improving the then abysmal health-care delivery system across rural India. The NRHM, though marred with issues of poor governance and corruption, has been instrumental in improving several health indicators particularly with respect to maternal and child health. However, unlike the millions who benefi ted from the rural programme, the urban poor, owing to the absence of any comprehensive health programme, have largely been left to fend for themselves. NUHM is set to cover the country\u2019s seven big metropolitan areas and 772 cities with a population of more than 50 000 people. The government plans to invest more than INR225 billion into the health-care sector via NUHM. The past decade in India was witness to rapid economic growth. With greater economic opportunities there has been an exponential rise in the urban population, especially in unorganised slums. Harsh Agarwal, previously a consultant with the Planning Commission of India, explained the rationale behind the NUHM to The Lancet: \u201cWith the growing urban population, the demand for sanitation, drinking water, electricity, shelter, and health care is set to grow. Since the majority of the migrant population are daily wage workers and marginal labourers, it becomes highly important for the government to provide free access to basic health-care facilities to urban poor. The urban areas have their own challenges and diffi culties in meeting the health-care needs diff erent from rural settings thus it is essential to start a separate programme like NUHM, which is designed to cater to the needs of urban poor.\u201d" }, { "paper": "2554107563", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2012", "title": "time to back the syrian national coalition", "label": [ "183761623" ], "author": [ "2543654651" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Time to Back the Syrian National Coalition", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2070541816", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2012", "title": "universal health coverage the third global health transition", "label": [ "46578552", "2778584109", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2235139619", "2568468905" ], "reference": [ "2041725211", "2127365334", "2129962732", "2135277023", "2169315585" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Universal health coverage: the third global health transition?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1928989328", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2012", "title": "commerce before capitalism in europe 1300 1600 by martha c howell", "label": [ "514928085" ], "author": [ "1983509266" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Commerce before capitalism in Europe, 1300\u20131600 \u2013 By Martha C. Howell", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1979284035", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2012", "title": "global council aims to coordinate science", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "1421404108" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Global council aims to coordinate science", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2071390687", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2012", "title": "how robust are compliance findings a research synthesis", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2248828605", "193637295", "1924615421" ], "reference": [ "71228264", "95287578", "568258791", "611839721", "612372977", "633847552", "1420162645", "1483699943", "1486671291", "1499988783", "1501250910", "1510251250", "1510412190", "1511920456", "1527806368", "1528251861", "1529288638", "1560146647", "1572634385", "1596902544", "1608123303", "1965174419", "1973358043", "1975841169", "1978197160", "1980102556", "1987062602", "1991257939", "2000211265", "2008377661", "2010813277", "2013116672", "2014509955", "2019859125", "2051317712", "2061866636", "2064975227", "2071077211", "2072345558", "2089262853", "2090498086", "2091526498", "2095230063", "2099342722", "2106181696", "2106578604", "2107031757", "2107965737", "2115015864", "2120748296", "2122450507", "2122628587", "2124151790", "2127881944", "2129313581", "2131365421", "2136947369", "2137635003", "2142995121", "2143273975", "2145593620", "2153222072", "2155765001", "2157390364", "2170889798", "2186253853", "2314252232", "2339389215", "2477227797", "2483582116", "2489111096", "2497122572", "2779219121", "2905427941", "3100714284", "3123779896", "3124283101", "3124401453", "3125406161", "3125760771" ], "abstract": "this study presents a synthesis of quantitative and qualitative research on compliance with eu directives we identify and code 12 theoretical arguments tested in 37 published compliance studies and evaluate the robustness and representativeness of their findings our synthesis reveals robust findings for the goodness of fit and institutional decision making arguments while results on actors policy preferences and administrative efficiency remain ambiguous a closer examination of the studies research design suggests policy and country selection effects specifically most studies focus on environmental and social policies and rarely include complying scandinavian states and non complying southern states we therefore recommend a cautious interpretation of existing compliance findings and for future compliance research a more careful selection of countries and policy fields", "title_raw": "HOW ROBUST ARE COMPLIANCE FINDINGS? A RESEARCH SYNTHESIS", "abstract_raw": "This study presents a synthesis of quantitative and qualitative research on compliance with EU directives. We identify and code 12 theoretical arguments tested in 37 published compliance studies and evaluate the robustness and representativeness of their findings. Our synthesis reveals robust findings for the \u2018goodness-of-fit\u2019 and \u2018institutional decision-making\u2019 arguments, while results on \u2018actors\u2019 policy preferences' and \u2018administrative efficiency\u2019 remain ambiguous. A closer examination of the studies' research design suggests policy and country selection effects. Specifically, most studies focus on environmental and social policies and rarely include complying Scandinavian states and non-complying Southern states. We therefore recommend a cautious interpretation of existing compliance findings and, for future compliance research, a more careful selection of countries and policy fields." }, { "paper": "2057328133", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2012", "title": "global engagement for health could achieve better results now and after 2015", "label": [ "46578552" ], "author": [ "2226888337", "2267641084" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Global engagement for health could achieve better results now and after 2015.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2586937643", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2012", "title": "power and justice in international relations interdisciplinary approaches to global challenges", "label": [ "34355311", "139621336", "3116431", "202527836", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2810954289" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Power and Justice in International Relations: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Global Challenges", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2067915591", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2012", "title": "the paternal obligation to provide political familialism in early nineteenth century chile", "label": [ "2778968625", "2775987171", "94625758", "2777799818", "148834064", "2776948989", "2778447849", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2172778512" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in the short term carrera and his family controlled the bayonets but for decades separatists battled both royalists and each other to control these multiple presidencies the chilean elite which had proven remarkably cohesive throughout the eighteenth century owing in part to intermarriage split into factions in the early nineteenth across the socioeconomic scale moreover families broke apart as armies mobilized husbands sons and fathers for military service and relocated civilians from the south to prevent their aiding occupying troops throughout the country both spanish and chilean authorities confiscated properties of suspected enemies depriving households of their livelihoods when any faction of separatists gained the upper hand they arrested exiled or executed their local rivals this last a fate suffered by carrera and his two brothers only after wielding their bayonets against external enemies peru and bolivia from 1836 to 1839 did chilean elites begin to reunite under a more stable government in 1841 independence war hero jose ignacio zenteno wrote with relief to a former comrade in exile that chile had held its", "title_raw": "The Paternal Obligation to Provide: Political Familialism in Early Nineteenth-Century Chile", "abstract_raw": "In the short term, Carrera and his family controlled \u201cthe bayonets,\u201d but for decades separatists battled both royalists and each other to control these multiple presidencies. The Chilean elite, which had proven remarkably cohesive throughout the eighteenth century owing in part to intermarriage, split into factions in the early nineteenth. Across the socioeconomic scale, moreover, families broke apart as armies mobilized husbands, sons, and fathers for military service and relocated civilians from the south to prevent their aiding occupying troops. Throughout the country, both Spanish and Chilean authorities confiscated properties of suspected enemies, depriving households of their livelihoods. When any faction of separatists gained the upper hand, they arrested, exiled, or executed their local rivals, this last a fate suffered by Carrera and his two brothers. Only after wielding their bayonets against external enemies, Peru and Bolivia from 1836 to 1839, did Chilean elites begin to reunite under a more stable government. In 1841, independence war hero Jose Ignacio Zenteno wrote with relief to a former comrade in exile that Chile had held its" }, { "paper": "2021101365", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2012", "title": "social constraints and civil war bridging the gap with criminological theory", "label": [ "2776594853", "142172996", "81631423", "24025453", "13367683", "162017022", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2120496448", "2100858386" ], "reference": [ "579826979", "581507509", "606783974", "1533900552", "1601357046", "1834564855", "1968703102", "1971636128", "1973190788", "1974058646", "1974511229", "1977394909", "1981822199", "1995893316", "1999017454", "2002098765", "2003019327", "2005061277", "2005824627", "2007352806", "2019257693", "2028099244", "2032851039", "2035362193", "2038631063", "2043124776", "2043833114", "2045042597", "2051733957", "2052665521", "2052917992", "2055363017", "2061379010", "2069015912", "2070855322", "2072369045", "2075667498", "2077085353", "2078484001", "2081444452", "2083620364", "2086403304", "2088047416", "2091036401", "2092287398", "2096254066", "2097582949", "2099287966", "2121139359", "2125576437", "2125800013", "2131276092", "2131830082", "2132603081", "2133462023", "2137329906", "2137431964", "2140369756", "2140831493", "2142013610", "2145120037", "2151780178", "2151796435", "2154070668", "2159167535", "2160009468", "2160232843", "2162271946", "2163047516", "2164667032", "2165611314", "2167835051", "2167928903", "2172049705", "2314044296", "2319299344", "2324185006", "2324392187", "2325614641", "2330634256", "2332321565", "2337588253", "2490938111", "2798483210", "2800107556", "3122074090", "3124594404", "3125236319", "3125554979", "3164549185" ], "abstract": "scholars views on civil warfare have changed dramatically understanding that conventional and ideological civil wars are rare scholars are increasingly coming to view rebellions as large scale criminality however much work remains to link criminality and civil conflict the authors draw on a large body of criminological research known as social control theory which identifies informal factors that are expected to produce conformity with norms and laws such as social attachments commitment to achieve goals involvement in the community and belief that law is just while a plethora of work has linked these processes to criminological behavior the authors build a bridge to the civil war literature empirical tests examine how marriage unemployment and military involvement impact the one s taste for revolt at the individual level and the likelihood of civil war onset at the macrolevel the results present a robust empirical link between social control theory and internal conflict", "title_raw": "Social Constraints and Civil War: Bridging the Gap with Criminological Theory", "abstract_raw": "Scholars\u2019 views on civil warfare have changed dramatically. Understanding that conventional and ideological civil wars are rare, scholars are increasingly coming to view rebellions as large-scale criminality. However, much work remains to link criminality and civil conflict. The authors draw on a large body of criminological research known as social control theory, which identifies informal factors that are expected to produce conformity with norms and laws, such as social attachments, commitment to achieve goals, involvement in the community, and belief that law is just. While a plethora of work has linked these processes to criminological behavior, the authors build a bridge to the civil war literature. Empirical tests examine how marriage, unemployment and military involvement impact the one\u2019s \u201ctaste for revolt\u201d at the individual-level, and the likelihood of civil war onset at the macrolevel. The results present a robust empirical link between social control theory and internal conflict." }, { "paper": "2472569763", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2012", "title": "how china sees america", "label": [ "188888794", "509929229", "557252395", "44394981", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2105885740", "1564184873" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How China Sees America", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1997512196", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2012", "title": "a view from san antonio a city manager s perspective", "label": [ "3116431", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2551558676" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in their art icle understanding shared roles in policy and administration an empirical study of council manager relations authors tansu demir and christopher g reddick explore the overall increase in role sharing in which city managers actively participate in policy making and elected offi cials regularly engage in administrative issues th e authors write that the increase in role sharing is attributable in large part to the increasing complexity of policy making", "title_raw": "A View from San Antonio: A City Manager's Perspective", "abstract_raw": "In their art icle \u201cUnderstanding Shared Roles in Policy and Administration: An Empirical Study of Council-Manager Relations,\u201d authors Tansu Demir and Christopher G. Reddick explore the overall increase in \u201crole sharing,\u201d in which city managers actively participate in policy making and elected offi cials regularly engage in administrative issues. Th e authors write that the increase in role sharing is attributable in large part to the increasing complexity of policy making." }, { "paper": "2034070785", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2012", "title": "what if we randomize the governor s schedule evidence on campaign appearance effects from a texas field experiment", "label": [ "555826173", "199539241", "134698397", "529147693" ], "author": [ "2145153139", "1966996502" ], "reference": [ "603392904", "610771985", "1515424492", "1982705238", "2030398623", "2048089261", "2062663664", "2066093827", "2074156081", "2096474464", "2097730865", "2098940738", "2106605967", "2114429250", "2118012462", "2124953942", "2136753600", "2144789418", "2156915024", "2157097617", "2321683226", "2480730096", "2500012500", "2911311425" ], "abstract": "candidate appearances have long been a staple of american campaigns yet we don t know much about what happens when elites meet the masses in 2006 we conducted a statewide field experiment assessing the effectiveness of personal appearances by the incumbent governor republican rick perry s campaign appearances were randomly assigned to specific media markets for 3 days in january 2006 while we simultaneously collected public opinion media coverage contribution and volunteer data we find increased public support for perry but also increased support for his democratic opponent contrary to some recent studies of tv advertising appearance effects persisted for at least 1 week the tone of news media coverage of the governor s appearances doesn t influence the mobilization of perry voters but less favorable stories might exacerbate countermobilization effects perry s appearances were more unambiguously effective in generating contributions and volunteers", "title_raw": "What if We Randomize the Governor's Schedule? Evidence on Campaign Appearance Effects From a Texas Field Experiment", "abstract_raw": "Candidate appearances have long been a staple of American campaigns, yet we don't know much about what happens when elites meet the masses. In 2006, we conducted a statewide field experiment assessing the effectiveness of personal appearances by the incumbent governor. Republican Rick Perry's campaign appearances were randomly assigned to specific media markets for 3 days in January 2006, while we simultaneously collected public opinion, media coverage, contribution, and volunteer data. We find increased public support for Perry, but also increased support for his Democratic opponent. Contrary to some recent studies of TV advertising, appearance effects persisted for at least 1 week. The tone of news media coverage of the governor's appearances doesn't influence the mobilization of Perry voters, but less favorable stories might exacerbate countermobilization effects. Perry's appearances were more unambiguously effective in generating contributions and volunteers." }, { "paper": "2083343417", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2012", "title": "the link between responsibility and legitimacy the case of de beers in namibia", "label": [ "119232533", "201305675", "46295352", "141261163", "147598955", "39549134", "71750763", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2288090169", "2089560124" ], "reference": [ "78473010", "190127488", "210375642", "399756929", "1496810903", "1500034560", "1513623712", "1530765388", "1540151762", "1550967012", "1582490000", "1583459135", "1595673185", "1864703402", "1963925201", "1968986007", "1980377312", "1984441647", "1985347280", "1986261919", "1989432072", "1992447764", "1996375132", "1996388181", "2001101778", "2005525451", "2007196125", "2015090522", "2019596551", "2021095670", "2025077113", "2026026998", "2029977603", "2033575322", "2035397458", "2041461705", "2045587374", "2047576842", "2065649426", "2070133229", "2081224628", "2083393660", "2092437841", "2098935104", "2110649000", "2115183045", "2118169830", "2123760334", "2128264241", "2128614305", "2130989233", "2147952642", "2149010029", "2153646537", "2162412465", "2168338555", "2168624611", "2223562046", "2397938516", "2481797978", "2493101627", "2493849050", "2599367854", "2874485414", "3121598947", "3122221547", "3122644891", "3125701855", "3200788958" ], "abstract": "this article investigates the link between corporate social responsibility csr practices and the reasons for which legitimacy is ascribed or denied it fills a gap in the literature on csr and legitimacy that lacks empirical studies regarding the question whether csr contributes to organisational legitimacy the problem is discussed by referring to the case of de beers s diamond mining partnership with the government of namibia a total of 42 interviews were conducted 41 with stakeholders and one with the focal organisation namdeb the 41 stakeholder interviews are analysed with regard to cognitive pragmatic and moral legitimacy as defined by suchman acad manage rev 20 3 571 610 1995 the main finding is that the majority of statements on organisational legitimacy refer to moral legitimacy and most issues raised in this context challenge the company s legitimacy despite its comprehensive csr engagement the study demonstrates that legitimacy gaps can be a result of communication practices that raise unrealistic stakeholder expectations and that the legitimacy gained by csr engagement in one area cannot substitute legitimacy losses caused by failures in another", "title_raw": "The Link Between Responsibility and Legitimacy: The Case of De Beers in Namibia", "abstract_raw": "This article investigates the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and the reasons for which legitimacy is ascribed or denied. It fills a gap in the literature on CSR and legitimacy that lacks empirical studies regarding the question whether CSR contributes to organisational legitimacy. The problem is discussed by referring to the case of De Beers\u2019s diamond mining partnership with the Government of Namibia. A total of 42 interviews were conducted\u201441 with stakeholders and one with the focal organisation Namdeb. The 41 stakeholder interviews are analysed with regard to cognitive, pragmatic and moral legitimacy as defined by Suchman (Acad Manage Rev 20(3):571\u2013610, 1995). The main finding is that the majority of statements on organisational legitimacy refer to moral legitimacy and most issues raised in this context challenge the company\u2019s legitimacy despite its comprehensive CSR engagement. The study demonstrates that legitimacy gaps can be a result of communication practices that raise unrealistic stakeholder expectations and that the legitimacy gained by CSR engagement in one area cannot substitute legitimacy losses caused by failures in another." }, { "paper": "2012153320", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "after a successful decade global fight appears stalled", "label": [ "71750763" ], "author": [ "2051230893" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "public healthit s not just europe that has trouble getting measles under control a new report from the world health organization who the u s centers for disease control and prevention and pennsylvania state university estimates that global measles deaths declined dramatically between 2000 and 2007 thanks in part to a new partnership called the measles initiative but since 2007 the numbers have essentially remained flat the report published in the lancet this week estimates that 139 000 children died of measles in 2010 an impressive 74 reduction since 2000 but short of who s goal of 90", "title_raw": "After a Successful Decade, Global Fight Appears Stalled", "abstract_raw": "Public HealthIt's not just Europe that has trouble getting measles under control. A new report from the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Pennsylvania State University estimates that global measles deaths declined dramatically between 2000 and 2007, thanks in part to a new partnership called the Measles Initiative. But since 2007, the numbers have essentially remained flat. The report, published in The Lancet this week, estimates that 139,000 children died of measles in 2010\u2014an impressive 74% reduction since 2000, but short of WHO's goal of 90%." }, { "paper": "2325205623", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2012", "title": "encountering the nigerian state", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "216498422" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Encountering the Nigerian State", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2100247013", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2012", "title": "introducing the ucdp non state conflict dataset", "label": [ "21711469", "201670107", "71735400", "94625758", "137403100", "138232368", "2777593458" ], "author": [ "2151719045", "2128210204", "1896250559" ], "reference": [ "380379685", "655753723", "1561335079", "1981183640", "2007352806", "2016905054", "2026362007", "2028416373", "2034722676", "2057028703", "2058176566", "2058887530", "2106594394", "2112760042", "2186321324", "2188362039", "2283061660", "2346388504", "2484934209", "3152324602" ], "abstract": "this article extends the uppsala conflict data program ucdp by presenting new global data on non state conflict or armed conflict between two groups neither of which is the state the dataset includes conflicts between rebel groups and other organized militias and thus serves as a complement to existing datasets on armed conflict which have either ignored this kind of violence or aggregated it into civil war the dataset also includes cases of fighting between supporters of different political parties as well as cases of communal conflict that is conflict between two social groups usually identified along ethnic or religious lines this thus extends ucdp s conflict data collection to facilitate the study of topics like rebel fractionalization paramilitary involvement in conflict violence and communal or ethnic conflict in the article we present a background to the data collection and provide descriptive statistics for the period 1989 2008 and then illustrate how the data can be used with the c", "title_raw": "Introducing the UCDP Non-State Conflict Dataset:", "abstract_raw": "This article extends the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) by presenting new global data on non-state conflict, or armed conflict between two groups, neither of which is the state. The dataset includes conflicts between rebel groups and other organized militias, and thus serves as a complement to existing datasets on armed conflict which have either ignored this kind of violence or aggregated it into civil war. The dataset also includes cases of fighting between supporters of different political parties as well as cases of communal conflict, that is, conflict between two social groups, usually identified along ethnic or religious lines. This thus extends UCDP\u2019s conflict data collection to facilitate the study of topics like rebel fractionalization, paramilitary involvement in conflict violence, and communal or ethnic conflict. In the article, we present a background to the data collection and provide descriptive statistics for the period 1989\u20132008 and then illustrate how the data can be used with the c..." }, { "paper": "2063397716", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2012", "title": "making capitalism in rural china michael webber cheltenham and northampton edward elgar 2012 x 324 pp 90 00 isbn 978 0 85793 409 3", "label": [ "191935318", "514928085" ], "author": [ "2073601711" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Making Capitalism in Rural China . Michael Webber . Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar, 2012. x + 324 pp. \u00a390.00. ISBN 978-0-85793-409-3", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2074450860", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2012", "title": "bounded oligarchy how and when factions constrain leaders in party position taking", "label": [ "59742305", "522996594", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2142981192" ], "reference": [ "55170769", "82696418", "124108810", "188515735", "277125413", "563280638", "593886112", "607926820", "611644800", "628052711", "968409411", "1504705384", "1539430533", "1898211633", "1924395393", "1967668743", "1968725168", "1971957164", "1977825494", "1981357072", "1983239396", "1983853532", "1985194351", "1998151601", "2005927117", "2013115242", "2017355359", "2018972251", "2021893560", "2023263241", "2036446127", "2038563845", "2041016271", "2054240332", "2058251252", "2063299130", "2072029289", "2072385746", "2079189411", "2080266161", "2082321078", "2086545029", "2089688583", "2091029268", "2097588406", "2104058021", "2108421949", "2112679107", "2113088923", "2117062748", "2128806193", "2130355628", "2133204953", "2140176898", "2147869097", "2154571511", "2159607435", "2161779591", "2168333187", "2319130446", "2324000564", "2487130496", "2492833342" ], "abstract": "this work investigates the process of position taking focussing on the factional bargaining within the party exploiting two recently built datasets that estimated the policy positions of italian parties and factions from 1946 to 2010 we investigate if and to what extent factions bind the party leader in choosing the platform we find confirmation for the idea that party positions are linked to factional preferences overall the party works as a bounded oligarchy furthermore the electoral payoff of party unity increases the impact of factional constraints when general elections approach in line with the cartel party theory however autonomous leaders who are directly elected by a wider selectorate can get rid of factional ties choosing more moderate and vote maximizing platforms", "title_raw": "Bounded oligarchy: How and when factions constrain leaders in party position-taking", "abstract_raw": "This work investigates the process of position-taking, focussing on the factional bargaining within the party. Exploiting two recently built datasets that estimated the policy positions of Italian parties and factions from 1946 to 2010, we investigate if and to what extent factions bind the party leader in choosing the platform. We find confirmation for the idea that party positions are linked to factional preferences. Overall, the party works as a \u2018bounded oligarchy\u2019. Furthermore, the electoral payoff of party unity increases the impact of factional constraints when general elections approach. In line with the cartel party theory, however, autonomous leaders who are directly elected by a wider selectorate can get rid of factional ties choosing more moderate and vote-maximizing platforms." }, { "paper": "1973807151", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "norman l letvin 1949 2012", "label": [ "199539241", "193395930", "2778983918", "2778061430", "191795146" ], "author": [ "327421442", "2789916510", "1989554094" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "he stood in thought attentive to every detail ready for his delivery well known for his clear and insightful presentations norman letvin strode onstage with a different agenda this time clarinet in hand he graced us his scientific colleagues with a world class musical performance most did not even know that he played a musical instrument but norm was a remarkable talent who broke new ground not only in the laboratory but also in music he once played mozart s clarinet quintet accompanied by yo yo ma sadly his enthralling performances will be heard no more after a long and valiant struggle with pancreatic cancer norman letvin passed away on 28 may in boston massachusetts he fought this disease bravely for almost 5 years and despite overwhelming medical challenges maintained his commitment to the search for an aids vaccine and continued working until a week before he died norman letvin s achievements were remarkable he was born and raised in detroit michigan where his family recognized and nurtured his talent in music from a young age as a 5 year old he taught himself to play the recorder and he soon became proficient on the oboe and clarinet he excelled as a scholarship student on the clarinet at the national music camp at interlochen michigan and performed professionally during his high school years offered scholarships at both the juilliard school and the curtis institute of music he chose instead to attend harvard college where he continued his musical education but applied his prodigious intellectual energy to the social sciences and to medicine graduating summa cum laude and with phi beta kappa honors after receiving his m d degree at harvard medical school in 1975 he completed his internal medicine residency at the university of pennsylvania and the massachusetts general hospital his postdoctoral fellowship with baruch benacerraf nobel laureate for discovery of the major histocompatibility complex set the stage for norm s lifelong interest in viral immunology and immunopathogenesis these interests became the hallmark of his scientific career and his luminary achievements in the field of aids vaccine research figure 1 credit graham ramsay norm s accomplishments were exemplary in every sense among his professional achievements he defined the first nonhuman primate models of aids by isolating the simian immunodeficiency virus and showing that it caused immune defects and fatal disease in indian rhesus macaques his scientific career was further highlighted by discoveries on the immunopathogenesis of lentiviral infection the development of novel approaches for the vaccine stimulation of virus specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses and the identification of immune correlates of vaccine protection not surprisingly he rose rapidly to the rank of professor at harvard medical school and served as chief of the division of viral pathogenesis at the beth israel deaconess medical center at the same time norm became a valuable and highly respected member of the aids vaccine community a member of the national institutes of health nih aids vaccine advisory committee from its inception he was a constant source of sound advice to the nih and to hiv research scientists throughout the world he was instrumental in establishing the vaccine research center vrc at the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases supporting its creation selecting its scientific investigators defining its mission and goals and advancing the scientific agenda through advice and by experimentation he was also a cofounder of the center for hiv aids vaccine immunology chavi consortium and he was both a grantee and adviser to the collaboration for aids vaccine discovery of the bill and melinda gates foundation norm was always ready to give support and advice on the many challenging issues the aids vaccine development field faced moreover he was a trusted and dedicated mentor to all who worked with him students fellows and colleagues he could also be counted on to provide honest and balanced perspective on any topic widely recognized as an international authority he advised diverse international public health organizations on prevention and treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases with high human health impact including tuberculosis measles and malaria and helped to shape policy and strategic planning for deadly infectious diseases that plague the developing world he was also an invaluable adviser for science where he served as a reviewing editor for 13 years aside from his superlative professional successes norm was a renaissance man in its truest sense he was a voracious reader rehearsed regularly for decades with the weston wind quintet and graced both vrc and chavi retreats with his talented performances his love for opera was no less than that for his beloved boston sports teams the celtics red sox and new england patriots finally nothing was closer to his heart than his loving wife marion and their four children andrea adam rebecca and elizabeth who surrounded and comforted him in his final days norm s passing is a loss to those who knew him personally but also deprives the aids vaccine research field of his wisdom perspective and impeccable judgment there will be formal celebrations of his life and his accomplishments in the coming months his many close colleagues hope to honor norm by redoubling their commitment to finding an aids vaccine and holding to the high standards of scholarship and commitment that he exemplified 1 pending yes", "title_raw": "Norman L. Letvin (1949\u20132012)", "abstract_raw": "He stood in thought, attentive to every detail, ready for his delivery. Well known for his clear and insightful presentations, Norman Letvin strode onstage with a different agenda this time. Clarinet in hand, he graced us, his scientific colleagues, with a world-class musical performance. Most did not even know that he played a musical instrument. But Norm was a remarkable talent who broke new ground, not only in the laboratory but also in music. He once played Mozart's clarinet quintet accompanied by Yo-Yo Ma. Sadly, his enthralling performances will be heard no more. After a long and valiant struggle with pancreatic cancer, Norman Letvin passed away on 28 May in Boston, Massachusetts. He fought this disease bravely for almost 5 years and, despite overwhelming medical challenges, maintained his commitment to the search for an AIDS vaccine and continued working until a week before he died.\n\nNorman Letvin's achievements were remarkable. He was born and raised in Detroit, Michigan, where his family recognized and nurtured his talent in music from a young age. As a 5-year-old, he taught himself to play the recorder, and he soon became proficient on the oboe and clarinet. He excelled as a scholarship student on the clarinet at the National Music Camp at Interlochen, Michigan, and performed professionally during his high school years. Offered scholarships at both the Juilliard School and the Curtis Institute of Music, he chose instead to attend Harvard College, where he continued his musical education but applied his prodigious intellectual energy to the social sciences and to medicine, graduating summa cum laude and with Phi Beta Kappa honors. After receiving his M.D. degree at Harvard Medical School in 1975, he completed his internal medicine residency at the University of Pennsylvania and the Massachusetts General Hospital. His postdoctoral fellowship with Baruch Benacerraf, Nobel laureate for discovery of the major histocompatibility complex, set the stage for Norm's lifelong interest in viral immunology and immunopathogenesis. These interests became the hallmark of his scientific career and his luminary achievements in the field of AIDS vaccine research.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: GRAHAM RAMSAY\n\nNorm's accomplishments were exemplary in every sense. Among his professional achievements, he defined the first nonhuman primate models of AIDS by isolating the simian immunodeficiency virus and showing that it caused immune defects and fatal disease in Indian rhesus macaques. His scientific career was further highlighted by discoveries on the immunopathogenesis of lentiviral infection, the development of novel approaches for the vaccine stimulation of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, and the identification of immune correlates of vaccine protection. Not surprisingly, he rose rapidly to the rank of professor at Harvard Medical School and served as chief of the division of viral pathogenesis at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. At the same time, Norm became a valuable and highly respected member of the AIDS vaccine community. A member of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) AIDS Vaccine Advisory Committee from its inception, he was a constant source of sound advice to the NIH and to HIV research scientists throughout the world. He was instrumental in establishing the Vaccine Research Center (VRC) at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, supporting its creation, selecting its scientific investigators, defining its mission and goals, and advancing the scientific agenda through advice and by experimentation. He was also a cofounder of the Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI) consortium, and he was both a grantee and adviser to the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.\n\nNorm was always ready to give support and advice on the many challenging issues the AIDS vaccine development field faced. Moreover, he was a trusted and dedicated mentor to all who worked with him\u2014students, fellows, and colleagues. He could also be counted on to provide honest and balanced perspective on any topic. Widely recognized as an international authority, he advised diverse international public health organizations on prevention and treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases with high human health impact, including tuberculosis, measles, and malaria, and helped to shape policy and strategic planning for deadly infectious diseases that plague the developing world. He was also an invaluable adviser for Science , where he served as a reviewing editor for 13 years.\n\nAside from his superlative professional successes, Norm was a renaissance man in its truest sense. He was a voracious reader, rehearsed regularly for decades with the Weston Wind Quintet, and graced both VRC and CHAVI retreats with his talented performances. His love for opera was no less than that for his beloved Boston sports teams: the Celtics, Red Sox, and New England Patriots. Finally, nothing was closer to his heart than his loving wife, Marion, and their four children, Andrea, Adam, Rebecca, and Elizabeth, who surrounded and comforted him in his final days.\n\nNorm's passing is a loss to those who knew him personally but also deprives the AIDS vaccine research field of his wisdom, perspective, and impeccable judgment. There will be formal celebrations of his life and his accomplishments in the coming months. His many close colleagues hope to honor Norm by redoubling their commitment to finding an AIDS vaccine and holding to the high standards of scholarship and commitment that he exemplified.\n\n [1]: pending:yes" }, { "paper": "1495463490", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2012", "title": "federalism beyond federations asymmetry and processes of resymmetrisation in europe federalism studies", "label": [ "533735693" ], "author": [ "2110941310" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Federalism beyond Federations: Asymmetry and Processes of Resymmetrisation in Europe. Federalism Studies", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2012573713", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2012", "title": "the parliamentary election in denmark september 2011", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "82401846" ], "reference": [ "1559040657", "2124445652", "2626832541" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The parliamentary election in Denmark, September 2011", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2032180056", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2012", "title": "daniel carey and christopher j finlay eds the empire of credit the financial revolution in britain ireland and america 1688 1815 portland or and dublin irish academic press 2011 pp xviii 302 5 tabs isbn 9780716534150 hbk 45 74 95 49 50", "label": [ "2778495208", "2779757043" ], "author": [ "2097654455" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Daniel Carey and Christopher J. Finlay , eds., The empire of credit: the financial revolution in Britain, Ireland and America, 1688\u20131815 (Portland, OR, and Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2011. Pp. xviii + 302. 5 tabs. ISBN 9780716534150 Hbk. \u00a345/$74.95/\u20ac49.50)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2170928597", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2012", "title": "personalization of national election campaigns", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "1946077745" ], "reference": [ "21913495", "653153172", "1508171801", "1512096531", "1534635154", "1592922617", "2015074851", "2038007619", "2040108362", "2103843299", "2157968420", "2204621010", "2497261840", "2504234705", "2504896247", "2763630370", "3021232305" ], "abstract": "the empirical evidence concerning the personalization of politics thesis is at best mixed the analysis of a new data set on the media coverage of national elections in six western european countries serves to reinforce this overall rather sceptical conclusion the analysis shows that in the national elections in the six countries covered austria france germany the netherlands switzerland and the united kingdom uk there is no general trend to increasing personalization or increasing concentration of the media coverage on a limited set of particularly visible personalities among the six countries the exception to this overall assessment is the netherlands where we find both a trend towards increasing personalization and increasing concentration of the public attention on a limited set of personalities rather than an increasing level of personalization what we generally observe are large country specific differences in the overall degree of personalization and of the concentration of att", "title_raw": "Personalization of national election campaigns", "abstract_raw": "The empirical evidence concerning the \u2018personalization of politics' thesis is, at best, mixed. The analysis of a new data-set on the media coverage of national elections in six Western European countries serves to reinforce this overall rather sceptical conclusion. The analysis shows that, in the national elections in the six countries covered (Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom [UK]), there is no general trend to increasing personalization or increasing concentration of the media coverage on a limited set of particularly visible personalities. Among the six countries, the exception to this overall assessment is the Netherlands, where we find both a trend towards increasing personalization and increasing concentration of the public attention on a limited set of personalities. Rather than an increasing level of personalization, what we generally observe are large country-specific differences in the overall degree of personalization and of the concentration of att..." }, { "paper": "2154319588", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2012", "title": "a republic of statutes the new american constitution by william n eskridge jr and john ferejohn new haven yale university press 2010 592p 85 00", "label": [ "2776154427", "17319257" ], "author": [ "2156104735" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Republic of Statutes: The New American Constitution . By William N. Eskridge, Jr. and John Ferejohn. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010. 592p. $85.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2073781997", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2012", "title": "determinants of higher education choices and student satisfaction the case of poland", "label": [ "523056402", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2007569990", "2071835163", "2009608690" ], "reference": [ "144167111", "149736300", "1208144868", "1499946883", "1512231554", "1599020346", "1966707146", "1972677302", "1976763705", "1977145447", "1981860102", "1989528006", "1991892559", "1995717116", "1998462703", "2000927057", "2003087741", "2004229512", "2004576468", "2008088821", "2017797915", "2021001167", "2021228965", "2022738881", "2042983136", "2050394561", "2052487256", "2061604771", "2068928738", "2071947643", "2081402865", "2085504981", "2111377315", "2119377964", "2158285799", "2339365333", "2418923624", "2490587895", "3021840531", "3107325479", "3129200393" ], "abstract": "the author s 2011 this article is published with open access at springerlink com abstract the dynamic changes in tertiary education that were observed in poland for the last 20 years transformed the polish educational market and led to the immense expansion of educational institutions the rapid increase in the number of students that continued until 2006 is however over and polish universities have begun to compete for their clients increased competition along with the pessimistic forecasts for poland with regard to demographic changes result in the growing demand for the knowledge on determinants of student educational choices and satisfaction although the amount of studies in this field is growing poland is still substantially underrepresented in the current research the purpose of this article was to examine the underlying factors behind the choices that polish students make while pursuing their tertiary education the research method that combines focus groups discussions and a survey study among 1 420 business major students helped us to identify the factors behind three phases of the decision making process pursuing higher education information search along with final choice of a university and satisfaction from chosen studies our research implies that decision making with regard to tertiary education is multifaceted and longitudinal as it combines a different set of factors in each stage of the decision making process", "title_raw": "Determinants of higher education choices and student satisfaction: the case of Poland", "abstract_raw": "The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The dynamic changes in tertiary education that were observed in Poland for the last 20 years transformed the Polish educational market and led to the immense expansion of educational institutions. The rapid increase in the number of students that continued until 2006 is however over and Polish universities have begun to compete for their clients. Increased competition along with the pessimistic forecasts for Poland with regard to demographic changes result in the growing demand for the knowledge on determinants of student educational choices and satisfaction. Although the amount of studies in this field is growing, Poland is still substantially underrepresented in the current research. The purpose of this article was to examine the underlying factors behind the choices that Polish students make while pursuing their tertiary education. The research method that combines focus groups' discussions and a survey study among 1,420 business major students helped us to identify the factors behind three phases of the decision making process: pursuing higher education; information search along with final choice of a university; and satisfaction from chosen studies. Our research implies that decision making with regard to tertiary education is multifaceted and longitudinal as it combines a different set of factors in each stage of the decision making process." }, { "paper": "2599578299", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2012", "title": "no america in the caucasus", "label": [ "17058734" ], "author": [ "2254643952" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "No America in the Caucasus", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2017680923", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2012", "title": "a deterrent to diversity the conditional effect of electoral rules on the nomination of women candidates", "label": [ "2779670255", "2775925287", "48487596", "119588120", "61267812" ], "author": [ "2313890007" ], "reference": [ "8098892", "148167203", "187004240", "422945158", "588288507", "1519820483", "1570650070", "1577486478", "1607858544", "1966544113", "1977249581", "1977825494", "1984104891", "1988106095", "1991576322", "1995643388", "1999379879", "2022972753", "2023627001", "2026047940", "2027195181", "2041288792", "2043296198", "2052524901", "2055270742", "2073935273", "2078931341", "2079535134", "2098092828", "2103861862", "2109448406", "2110714905", "2113591403", "2127974543", "2128928577", "2131925047", "2136395982", "2136750123", "2142100257", "2148225801", "2152800221", "2153001883", "2154380314", "2158643882", "2312209669", "2318958128", "2319116162", "2324885871", "2330043703", "2331178039", "2460446239", "2490869311", "2493544990", "2565212996", "2588606928", "2738462090", "2895183610", "2993628320", "3019434242", "3121797019" ], "abstract": "previous literature regarding the effects of electoral systems on candidate selection has implied a false dichotomy regarding proportional representation pr versus single member districts smd this paper unpacks the category of proportional representation and finds significant differences in the behavior of selectorates depending on their configuration of pr using both a natural experiment as well as an original data set comprised of 1095 party lists i find that the type of proportional representation i e whether or not the voters are allowed to pick a particular candidate from the party list can have a significant effect on the number of women candidates selected to run for office further i find that the strength of this effect depends on cultural gender norms if a substantial segment of society believes that women are best in traditional roles not as leaders there is a significant negative effect of the decisive intraparty preference vote on the nomination of women candidates", "title_raw": "A deterrent to diversity: The conditional effect of electoral rules on the nomination of women candidates", "abstract_raw": "Previous literature regarding the effects of electoral systems on candidate selection has implied a false dichotomy regarding proportional representation (PR) versus single member districts (SMD). This paper unpacks the category of proportional representation, and finds significant differences in the behavior of selectorates depending on their configuration of PR. Using both a natural experiment as well as an original data set comprised of 1095 party lists, I find that the type of proportional representation \u2013 i.e., whether or not the voters are allowed to pick a particular candidate from the party list \u2013 can have a significant effect on the number of women candidates selected to run for office. Further, I find that the strength of this effect depends on cultural gender norms; if a substantial segment of society believes that women are best in traditional roles, not as leaders, there is a significant, negative effect of the decisive intraparty preference vote on the nomination of women candidates." }, { "paper": "2085563128", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2012", "title": "publishing handful of papers dominates citation", "label": [ "2778805511", "151719136", "62230096", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2195478976", "2128666145", "2098143673" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Publishing: Handful of papers dominates citation", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2030498264", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2012", "title": "political constraints on legal doctrine how hierarchy shapes the law", "label": [ "2776211767", "158071213", "171460291", "199539241", "2777632292", "2778890055", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2133546358" ], "reference": [ "51618435", "123609078", "586734939", "780219905", "1480290094", "1483039486", "1587375510", "1681944723", "1912925869", "1993452298", "2000990967", "2083800127", "2097289593", "2104614985", "2113283831", "2124704835", "2136895923", "2797652262", "3121586517", "3121913738", "3122200943", "3123258953", "3123954458", "3124194689", "3125075665", "3125358835", "3125442714" ], "abstract": "when higher court judges attempt to assert control over lower court decision making do such hierarchical politics shape legal doctrine using a case space model of choice between determinate doctrines rules and more flexible doctrines standards i argue that the structure of doctrine affects the application of and compliance with doctrine by lower courts and this in turn affects choice among doctrinal structures doctrinal choice legal complexity lower court discretion and the allocation of judicial resources are shown to depend on hierarchical conflict the transparency of decisions sensitivity to case facts judicial expertise salience of the issue area and issue complexity these incentives have counterintuitive effects on lower court discretion and on doctrinal specificity and they create odd patterns of ideological and doctrinal alignment ignoring these incentives undercuts our understandings of lower court compliance of judicial ideology and of the effects of collegiality on law 1", "title_raw": "Political Constraints on Legal Doctrine: How Hierarchy Shapes the Law", "abstract_raw": "When higher court judges attempt to assert control over lower-court decision making, do such hierarchical politics shape legal doctrine? Using a \u201ccase-space\u201d model of choice between determinate doctrines (rules) and more flexible doctrines (standards), I argue that the structure of doctrine affects the application of and compliance with doctrine by lower courts, and this in turn affects choice among doctrinal structures. Doctrinal choice, legal complexity, lower court discretion, and the allocation of judicial resources are shown to depend on hierarchical conflict, the transparency of decisions, sensitivity to case facts, judicial expertise, salience of the issue area, and issue complexity. These incentives have counterintuitive effects on lower court discretion and on doctrinal specificity, and they create odd patterns of ideological and doctrinal alignment. Ignoring these incentives undercuts our understandings of lower court compliance, of judicial ideology, and of the effects of collegiality on law. 1" }, { "paper": "2605897526", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2012", "title": "courts with chinese characteristics", "label": [ "3116431", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2681457284" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Courts With Chinese Characteristics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1818905521", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2012", "title": "when do parties emphasise extreme positions how strategic incentives for policy differentiation influence issue importance", "label": [ "94625758", "2778896172", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2286223563" ], "reference": [ "8070903", "171720695", "199729481", "310458506", "602582909", "604869676", "628052711", "644964750", "1524003714", "1529705691", "1552466412", "1569347326", "1594936623", "1925504877", "1964234782", "1969337952", "1973218120", "1973767321", "1977825494", "1978073783", "1981457167", "1985792567", "1987254383", "1989261819", "1996745368", "1999096165", "2017184608", "2022146198", "2033035449", "2036454494", "2060029262", "2074589553", "2079694060", "2092298252", "2099304543", "2100213536", "2106241166", "2113671499", "2116883814", "2117062748", "2119533471", "2127550467", "2128096974", "2130798406", "2133204953", "2143320461", "2157465753", "2160177873", "2164123392", "2168270392", "2168333187", "2319951792", "2331780527", "2491562889" ], "abstract": "parties have an incentive to take up extreme positions in order to achieve policy differentiation and issue ownership and it would make sense for a party to stress these positions as well these incentives are not the same for all issues and all parties but may be modified by other strategic conditions party size party system size positional distinctiveness and systemic salience using manifesto based measures of salience and expert assessments of party positions the findings in this article are that parties emphasise extreme positions if first they are relatively small in terms of vote share second the extreme position is distinctive from those of other parties and third other parties fail to emphasise the issue these findings have consequences for our understanding of party strategies party competition and the radicalisation of political debates", "title_raw": "When do parties emphasise extreme positions? How strategic incentives for policy differentiation influence issue importance", "abstract_raw": "Parties have an incentive to take up extreme positions in order to achieve policy differentiation and issue ownership, and it would make sense for a party to stress these positions as well. These incentives are not the same for all issues and all parties but may be modified by other strategic conditions: party size, party system size, positional distinctiveness and systemic salience. Using manifesto-based measures of salience and expert assessments of party positions, the findings in this article are that parties emphasise extreme positions if, first, they are relatively small in terms of vote share; second, the extreme position is distinctive from those of other parties; and third, other parties fail to emphasise the issue. These findings have consequences for our understanding of party strategies, party competition and the radicalisation of political debates." }, { "paper": "2051385871", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2012", "title": "social structure and personality during the transformation of urban china a comparison to transitional poland and ukraine", "label": [ "48158472", "191935318", "206836424", "110888244" ], "author": [ "2162388015", "2574497838", "2578629957" ], "reference": [ "99626205", "578190801", "581803982", "1972862503", "1973508186", "1987463839", "2015368855", "2028207552", "2032982813", "2036911329", "2064886092", "2074777917", "2075622818", "2081225749", "2082832806", "2090365268", "2113191120", "2131777726", "2300798598", "2319124870", "2326752741", "2332886609", "2335166813", "3023005860" ], "abstract": "this article compares the relationships of social structure and personality of urban china during privatization to those of urban poland and ukraine during their transitions from socialism to nascent capitalism these relationships are similar in pattern and nearly as strong in magnitude for china as for poland and stronger than for ukraine china differs from poland and ukraine though in that the job conditions that facilitate or restrict occupational self direction particularly the substantive complexity of work do not explain nearly as large a portion of the relationships of class and stratification with personality for employed chinese as for employed poles and ukrainians this results from the unique situation of those self employed rural migrants to urban china who are officially registered as having a rural residence", "title_raw": "Social Structure and Personality during the Transformation of Urban China: A Comparison to Transitional Poland and Ukraine", "abstract_raw": "This article compares the relationships of social structure and personality of urban China during \u201cprivatization\u201d to those of urban Poland and Ukraine during their transitions from socialism to nascent capitalism. These relationships are similar in pattern and nearly as strong in magnitude for China as for Poland, and stronger than for Ukraine. China differs from Poland and Ukraine, though, in that the job conditions that facilitate or restrict occupational self-direction, particularly the substantive complexity of work, do not explain nearly as large a portion of the relationships of class and stratification with personality for employed Chinese as for employed Poles and Ukrainians. This results from the unique situation of those self-employed rural migrants to urban China who are officially registered as having a rural residence." }, { "paper": "2389073571", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2012", "title": "urban policies transition by post earthquake recovery a case study of mexico city", "label": [ "62908951", "136810230", "62555980" ], "author": [ "2363419799" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the 1985 mexico city earthquake which was ritzs 8 1 level is one of the few earthquakes in the world which occurred in the center region of a nation s capital and cost severe damage to the population and public facilities mexico was in a rapid urbanization and economic recession and was about to launch a series of reforms when the earthquake took place which made adjustment of post earthquake reconstruction policy particularly critical taking the capital reconstruction as an opportunity the mexican central government started to pay attention to the city s macro development strategy the affordable housing and the perfectness of regulations and other issues and introduced a series of post earthquake reform policies to promote the transition of urban governance in fact these new post earthquake policies had a profound impact on urban development the reallocation of main functions of the city promote the organic decentralization the housing policies aiming at providing housing for the low income class boost the suburbanizaiton and also change the housing property in city s central area a new urban disaster risk zoning construction monocoque performance regulation were introduced from a legislative perspective as it was the same circumstances as the earth took place in a rapid urbanization period in a developing country mexico city s post earthquake reconstruction experiences will provide a very good reference to china s urban disaster prevention and resilience", "title_raw": "Urban Policies Transition by Post Earthquake Recovery:A Case Study of Mexico City", "abstract_raw": "The 1985 Mexico City earthquake which was Ritzs 8.1 level is one of the few earthquakes in the world which occurred in the center region of a nation's capital and cost severe damage to the population and public facilities.Mexico was in a rapid urbanization and economic recession and was about to launch a series of reforms when the earthquake took place which made adjustment of post-earthquake reconstruction policy particularly critical.Taking the capital reconstruction as an opportunity,the Mexican central government started to pay attention to the city's macro-development strategy,the affordable housing and the perfectness of regulations and other issues,and introduced a series of post-earthquake reform policies to promote the transition of urban governance.In fact,these new post-earthquake policies had a profound impact on urban development: the reallocation of main functions of the city promote the organic decentralization;the housing policies aiming at providing housing for the low-income class boost the suburbanizaiton and also change the housing property in city's central area;a new urban disaster risk zoning construction monocoque performance regulation were introduced from a legislative perspective.As it was the same circumstances as the earth took place in a rapid urbanization period in a developing country,Mexico city's post-earthquake reconstruction experiences will provide a very good reference to China's urban disaster prevention and resilience." }, { "paper": "1985813160", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2012", "title": "from the earth summit to rio 20 integration of health and sustainable development", "label": [ "2780568229", "552854447", "145025406" ], "author": [ "2112469192", "598969444", "1782332050", "2128513889" ], "reference": [ "49479346", "87126067", "1535803599", "1561968249", "1578722975", "1661521992", "1820611702", "1972491285", "1983213806", "2004883467", "2006255049", "2008695288", "2024876235", "2034078237", "2038484317", "2041137602", "2047782512", "2051833014", "2052214523", "2052703053", "2052871899", "2065731998", "2072090020", "2078852666", "2096885696", "2108107087", "2110341005", "2110533085", "2127412738", "2130502320", "2134886077", "2136248083", "2139542651", "2142400817", "2143492556", "2150478821", "2153505582", "2156304629", "2157851737", "2162838272", "2167089241", "2188767967", "2342457777", "2609494612", "2614570910", "2729326270", "2734052717", "2736526961", "2795275314" ], "abstract": "summary in 2012 world leaders will meet at the rio 20 conference to advance sustainable development 20 years after the earth summit that resulted in agreement on important principles but insufficient action many of the development goals have not been achieved partly because social including health economic and environmental priorities have not been addressed in an integrated manner adverse trends have been reported in many key environmental indicators that have worsened since the earth summit substantial economic growth has occurred in many regions but nevertheless has not benefited many populations of low income and those that have been marginalised and has resulted in growing inequities variable progress in health has been made and inequities are persistent improved health contributes to development and is underpinned by ecosystem stability and equitable economic progress implementation of policies that both improve health and promote sustainable development is urgently needed", "title_raw": "From the Earth Summit to Rio+20: integration of health and sustainable development", "abstract_raw": "Summary In 2012, world leaders will meet at the Rio+20 conference to advance sustainable development\u201420 years after the Earth Summit that resulted in agreement on important principles but insufficient action. Many of the development goals have not been achieved partly because social (including health), economic, and environmental priorities have not been addressed in an integrated manner. Adverse trends have been reported in many key environmental indicators that have worsened since the Earth Summit. Substantial economic growth has occurred in many regions but nevertheless has not benefited many populations of low income and those that have been marginalised, and has resulted in growing inequities. Variable progress in health has been made, and inequities are persistent. Improved health contributes to development and is underpinned by ecosystem stability and equitable economic progress. Implementation of policies that both improve health and promote sustainable development is urgently needed." }, { "paper": "2064281315", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2012", "title": "mobility and aging new directions for public health action", "label": [ "68151297", "39549134", "110888244", "2778605688" ], "author": [ "145988701", "643789051", "2098799039", "633251105", "2892554058", "2620328299" ], "reference": [ "126711707", "173233273", "1521179365", "1526262186", "1532097793", "1557501534", "1596744658", "1963577719", "1967649480", "1968396756", "1970116872", "1976599054", "1977342370", "1985322190", "1985622575", "1989291076", "1990597132", "1992298339", "1993204132", "1995494548", "1998202445", "2000544180", "2001642972", "2010810972", "2010942581", "2022802119", "2026825343", "2032203720", "2039020001", "2054229177", "2058174747", "2059385726", "2060093809", "2062883667", "2063584859", "2063593593", "2064217779", "2066833016", "2066846461", "2069042373", "2075476524", "2078751894", "2081863442", "2085710766", "2086457225", "2093520104", "2097133198", "2100172163", "2103970528", "2104167902", "2105006219", "2105048386", "2105276643", "2106107558", "2107579224", "2109077430", "2112669434", "2113347254", "2116190278", "2116805191", "2117233139", "2120352516", "2124587223", "2127997559", "2128659515", "2129208383", "2130211478", "2131661253", "2132867085", "2135317811", "2136009597", "2136775986", "2137697050", "2141928304", "2145622148", "2146877419", "2149825729", "2150937698", "2152313867", "2153197395", "2154924807", "2156522485", "2158089900", "2158326126", "2160984653", "2161069572", "2161588597", "2163010369", "2165439077", "2167000287", "2168072268", "2183776284", "2280847375", "2316138036", "2485776049" ], "abstract": "optimal mobility defined as relative ease and freedom of movement in all of its forms is central to healthy aging mobility is a significant consideration for research practice and policy in aging and public health we examined the public health burdens of mobility disability with a particular focus on leading public health interventions to enhance walking and driving and the challenges and opportunities for public health action we propose an integrated mobility agenda which draws on the lived experience of older adults new strategies for research practice and policy are needed to move beyond categorical promotion programs in walking and driving to establish a comprehensive program to enhance safe mobility in all its forms", "title_raw": "Mobility and Aging: New Directions for Public Health Action", "abstract_raw": "Optimal mobility, defined as relative ease and freedom of movement in all of its forms, is central to healthy aging. Mobility is a significant consideration for research, practice, and policy in aging and public health. We examined the public health burdens of mobility disability, with a particular focus on leading public health interventions to enhance walking and driving, and the challenges and opportunities for public health action. We propose an integrated mobility agenda, which draws on the lived experience of older adults. New strategies for research, practice, and policy are needed to move beyond categorical promotion programs in walking and driving to establish a comprehensive program to enhance safe mobility in all its forms." }, { "paper": "2080844262", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "congress ready to extend budget at current levels", "label": [ "2781049143", "2779999868", "148834064" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "u s government agencies waiting to know how much money they can spend in the fiscal year that begins in october got the word last week from congress we9ll get back to you next spring before heading out for a month of politicking party leaders promised to draw up and pass a continuing resolution when they return that budget measure would keep agencies at current spending levels until 1 april halfway through the 2013 fiscal year to some that delay means immediate disappointment to others a second chance", "title_raw": "Congress Ready to Extend Budget at Current Levels", "abstract_raw": "U.S. government agencies waiting to know how much money they can spend in the fiscal year that begins in October got the word last week from Congress: We9ll get back to you next spring. Before heading out for a month of politicking, party leaders promised to draw up and pass a continuing resolution when they return. That budget measure would keep agencies at current spending levels until 1 April, halfway through the 2013 fiscal year. To some, that delay means immediate disappointment; to others, a second chance." }, { "paper": "2255504448", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2012", "title": "the transformation of the workers party in brazil 1989 2009 by wendy hunter new york cambridge university press 2010 252p 85 00 cloth 29 99 paper", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2797639560" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Transformation of the Workers' Party in Brazil, 1989\u20132009 . By Wendy Hunter. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 252p. $85.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2019789990", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2012", "title": "electoral institutions and legislative behavior the effects of primary processes", "label": [ "3116431", "177324205", "46355384", "2776398702", "45184978", "83009810", "200939439" ], "author": [ "2097604331", "2156128382" ], "reference": [ "437105983", "571677987", "641132676", "1545825164", "1879901844", "1971788485", "1971937094", "1981575220", "1989827237", "2004563224", "2007389300", "2017201298", "2029786986", "2030391031", "2035919441", "2037967274", "2038466759", "2040898367", "2041138693", "2048236208", "2048385020", "2050164375", "2051576681", "2056991013", "2065888907", "2067065877", "2078957732", "2083145956", "2087194317", "2091691208", "2094140800", "2095421991", "2102280342", "2103720357", "2117062748", "2118580485", "2129503279", "2143794509", "2146363928", "2152350966", "2154003061", "2170030241", "2313761899", "2476864089", "2970520327", "3109666341", "3121279336", "3122419865", "3123386325", "3124468770", "3125689681" ], "abstract": "electoral institutions can affect the voting behavior of legislators who are elected through those institutions in this article the authors apply social network theory to study patterns of legislative choices under different primary election systems and this approach leads the authors to study how electoral institutions affect legislative behavior differently than most previous research that is they focus on how electoral institutions affect the interactions between legislators the authors use data on legislative voting behavior from the california state assembly and exploit the changes that have been implemented in california s primary elections process over the past two decades specifically they hypothesize that legislators who were elected during the years in which a nonpartisan blanket primary was used in california 1998 and 2000 will be more centrally networked and more likely to compromise with other legislators they find evidence to support their hypothesis legislators elected under the nonpartisan blanket primary are more likely to agree with other legislators electoral institutions especially primary elections have important effects on legislative behavior the authors results have implications for highly polarized state legislatures", "title_raw": "Electoral Institutions and Legislative Behavior: The Effects of Primary Processes", "abstract_raw": "Electoral institutions can affect the voting behavior of legislators who are elected through those institutions. In this article, the authors apply social network theory to study patterns of legislative choices under different primary election systems, and this approach leads the authors to study how electoral institutions affect legislative behavior differently than most previous research\u2014that is, they focus on how electoral institutions affect the interactions between legislators. The authors use data on legislative voting behavior from the California State Assembly and exploit the changes that have been implemented in California\u2019s primary elections process over the past two decades. Specifically, they hypothesize that legislators who were elected during the years in which a nonpartisan blanket primary was used in California (1998 and 2000) will be more centrally networked and more likely to compromise with other legislators. They find evidence to support their hypothesis: legislators elected under the nonpartisan blanket primary are more likely to agree with other legislators. Electoral institutions, especially primary elections, have important effects on legislative behavior. The authors\u2019 results have implications for highly polarized state legislatures." }, { "paper": "2315960033", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2012", "title": "why just two parties a voting game to illustrate duverger s law", "label": [ "48226144", "197487636", "520049643", "167654663", "39549134", "48487596", "162643989" ], "author": [ "2148640961" ], "reference": [ "589463792", "1519820483", "1584478053", "1977825494", "2008477779", "2045509200", "2063984238", "2106761274", "2125381609", "2139284325", "2168239073", "2170644967", "2326368883" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Why Just Two Parties? A Voting Game to Illustrate Duverger's Law", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122121972", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2012", "title": "rights and votes", "label": [ "55447825", "94625758", "102587632", "2776051254", "18650270", "10144844" ], "author": [ "2136303267" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rights and Votes", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2794234303", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2012", "title": "\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 russia europe issues of contemporary journalism", "label": [ "119513131" ], "author": [ "2566349732" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "\u00ab\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f-\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430: \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438\u00bb ( \u00abRussia-Europe: issues of contemporary journalism\u00bb)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2125174947", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2012", "title": "the democratic deficit in the states", "label": [ "2779018484", "3116431", "158071213", "2776398702", "148834064", "2781334022", "134698397", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2133546358", "2114933739" ], "reference": [ "67302779", "571677987", "596724370", "645974420", "1497591354", "1558393125", "1977338826", "1988323515", "2008295933", "2029410123", "2038593991", "2056021008", "2057251359", "2088657660", "2114215987", "2114264635", "2124617981", "2124922079", "2134632757", "2135368977", "2142344524", "2142355446", "2145238740", "2152896665", "2161144149", "2163143043", "2168731066", "2169844845", "2290475788", "2312268298", "2315040159", "2318553373", "2319224308", "2322070178", "2327139217", "2330330269", "2334675978", "2485078223", "2504606886", "3122805083" ], "abstract": "we study how well states translate public opinion into policy using national surveys and advances in subnational opinion estimation weestimatestate levelsupportfor39policiesacrosseightissueareas includingabortion lawenforcement health care and education we show that policy is highly responsive to policy specific opinion even controlling for other influences but we also uncover a striking democratic deficit policy is congruent with majority will only half the time the analysis considers the influence of institutions salience partisan control of government and interest groups on the magnitude and ideological direction of this democratic deficit we find the largest influences to be legislative professionalization term limits and issue salience partisanship and interest groups affect the ideological balance of incongruence more than the aggregate degree thereof finally policy is overresponsive to ideology and party leading policy to be polarized relative to state electorates", "title_raw": "The Democratic Deficit in the States", "abstract_raw": "We study how well states translate public opinion into policy. Using national surveys and advances in subnational opinion estimation,weestimatestate-levelsupportfor39policiesacrosseightissueareas,includingabortion,lawenforcement,health care, and education. We show that policy is highly responsive to policy-specific opinion, even controlling for other influences. But we also uncover a striking \u201cdemocratic deficit\u201d: policy is congruent with majority will only half the time. The analysis considers the influence of institutions, salience, partisan control of government, and interest groups on the magnitude and ideological direction of this democratic deficit. We find the largest influences to be legislative professionalization, term limits, and issue salience. Partisanship and interest groups affect the ideological balance of incongruence more than the aggregate degree thereof. Finally, policy is overresponsive to ideology and party\u2014leading policy to be polarized relative to state electorates." }, { "paper": "2355429300", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2012", "title": "on higher education coordinate development in zhejiang with population and economic society in the following decade", "label": [ "120912362", "668760", "134819137", "45237549", "527016502", "538133343" ], "author": [ "2359186388" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "higher education coordinate development is the ideal state of higher education development which is closely related to demographic social economic science and technology resources and environment and other factors in the following decade there re three aspects which should be paid more attention for higher education coordinate development with population and economic society in zhejiang first to control the enrollment students scale of each college within measure and attract high quality students from other provinces secondly to develop the postgraduate education rapidly strengthen the undergraduate education and deepen higher vocational education and specialty education thirdly to construct disciplines and specialties under the orientation of application supreme basic research breakthrough consistent with the direction of industrial restructure", "title_raw": "On Higher Education Coordinate Development in Zhejiang with Population and Economic Society in the Following Decade", "abstract_raw": "Higher education coordinate development is the ideal state of higher education development,which is closely related to demographic,social,economic,science and technology,resources and environment and other factors.In the following decade,there're three aspects which should be paid more attention for higher education coordinate development with population and economic society in Zhejiang.First,to control the enrollment students scale of each college within measure,and attract high quality students from other provinces;secondly,to develop the postgraduate education rapidly,strengthen the undergraduate education,and deepen higher vocational education and specialty education;thirdly,to construct disciplines and specialties under the orientation of \"application supreme,basic research breakthrough\",consistent with the direction of industrial restructure." }, { "paper": "2003087951", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2012", "title": "a mindful mentor", "label": [ "2778139618" ], "author": [ "2499361766" ], "reference": [ "2096354859" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A mindful mentor", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2015798430", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2012", "title": "museveni s uganda paradoxes of power in a hybrid regimeby aili mari tripp", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "289985195" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Museveni's Uganda: Paradoxes of Power in a Hybrid Regimeby Aili Mari Tripp", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2082160992", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "u s budget cuts threaten to sink undersea research fleet", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2188396195" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a u s government program that provides ocean researchers with access to submersibles and a sea floor observatory may be doomed to davy jones9s locker by fiscal belt tightening unless congress steps in to save it last week researchers began to plead their case asking lawmakers to reject an obama administration plan to eliminate the 4 million national undersea research program nurp which is run by the national oceanic and atmospheric administration nurp has survived similar near death experiences in the past but researchers fear this year9s battle could mark the end of the 32 year old program", "title_raw": "U.S. Budget Cuts Threaten to Sink Undersea Research Fleet", "abstract_raw": "A U.S. government program that provides ocean researchers with access to submersibles and a sea-floor observatory may be doomed to Davy Jones9s locker by fiscal belt-tightening\u2014unless Congress steps in to save it. Last week, researchers began to plead their case, asking lawmakers to reject an Obama Administration plan to eliminate the $4 million National Undersea Research Program (NURP), which is run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NURP has survived similar near-death experiences in the past, but researchers fear this year9s battle could mark the end of the 32-year-old program." }, { "paper": "2269871440", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2012", "title": "weapons of the wealthy predatory regimes and elite led protests in central asia by scott radnitz ithaca ny cornell university press 2010 216p 49 95 cloth 24 95 paper", "label": [ "2775987171" ], "author": [ "2264792893" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Weapons of the Wealthy: Predatory Regimes and Elite-Led Protests in Central Asia . By Scott Radnitz. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010. 216p. $49.95 cloth, $24.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2044430662", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2012", "title": "apps4africa a new state department public diplomacy initiative", "label": [ "518677369", "2777582232", "2780447514", "39549134", "3116431", "2781400479", "2776398702", "62603613", "2779714988" ], "author": [ "2316486966", "2131397301" ], "reference": [ "1984926833", "2009342338", "2055542861", "2066310598", "2068209698", "2486708511", "2887704158" ], "abstract": "abstract in 2010 the u s state department funded an apps4africa contest to encourage development of socially conscious mobile applications for africa the initiative marked a significant departure from traditional public diplomacy efforts to expand diplomatic outreach beyond traditional government to government relationships this case study analyses apps4africa to reveal its appropriateness as a model for future efforts and concludes apps4africa succeeded primarily because it responded to the changing dynamics of the 21st century", "title_raw": "Apps4Africa: A new State Department public diplomacy initiative", "abstract_raw": "Abstract In 2010 the U.S. State Department funded an \u201cApps4Africa\u201d contest to encourage development of socially conscious mobile applications for Africa. The initiative marked a significant departure from traditional public diplomacy efforts to expand diplomatic outreach beyond traditional government-to-government relationships. This case study analyses Apps4Africa to reveal its appropriateness as a model for future efforts and concludes Apps4Africa succeeded primarily because it responded to the changing dynamics of the 21st Century." }, { "paper": "2046648019", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2012", "title": "public relations functions perspective from a japanese corporation", "label": [ "48284413", "67674302", "2780224610", "2778348171", "39549134", "195969713", "24845683", "147598955" ], "author": [ "1880775777" ], "reference": [ "75212124", "1548819009", "1600778203", "2001750145", "2017265820", "2091680637" ], "abstract": "abstract this paper examines public relations pr functions in a large japanese corporation as well as the pr role in the management function the corporation under study is kao corporation which is one of the largest japanese consumer and industrial goods manufacturers information was collected from interviewing a pr manager of kao corporation evidence suggests that kao s pr department functions more or less like an advertising department press releases are placed in the media as paid advertisements kao s pr uses a third party endorsement to establish a new product s credibility the company has a participative corporate culture that allows the pr director to work closely with the top management the idea of collaborative efforts between departments and the practice of being a socially responsible company suggest that kao s pr department uses a combination of communication models and japanese management styles to project a good corporate citizen image", "title_raw": "Public relations functions: Perspective from a Japanese corporation", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This paper examines public relations (PR) functions in a large Japanese corporation as well as the PR role in the management function. The corporation under study is Kao Corporation, which is one of the largest Japanese consumer and industrial goods manufacturers. Information was collected from interviewing a PR manager of Kao Corporation. Evidence suggests that Kao's PR department functions more or less like an advertising department. Press releases are placed in the media as paid advertisements. Kao's PR uses a third-party endorsement to establish a new product's credibility. The company has a participative corporate culture that allows the PR director to work closely with the top management. The idea of collaborative efforts between departments and the practice of being a socially responsible company suggest that Kao's PR department uses a combination of communication models and Japanese management styles to project a good corporate citizen image." }, { "paper": "2075326428", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2012", "title": "arms diffusion and war", "label": [ "199539241", "120302604", "2777386755", "2776051254", "194110935" ], "author": [ "2168477531", "2151322568" ], "reference": [ "64739842", "159837578", "359362814", "427229808", "562022052", "575165620", "618726626", "650384733", "1480264709", "1515377417", "1557669220", "1563273308", "1565729827", "1568305029", "1789764544", "1969727264", "1974638294", "1976506170", "1981478448", "1985668047", "1988174293", "1994602117", "1999162617", "2021910671", "2034818529", "2047156377", "2081566624", "2088639080", "2089889042", "2093178820", "2097184685", "2112374372", "2118613808", "2132013402", "2133118344", "2139413870", "2145743228", "2157864851", "2161792108", "2184846784", "2186402103", "2580837987", "2614887608", "3033316450", "3044749661", "3124300793" ], "abstract": "the authors present a model of the relationship between the spread of new military technologies and the occurrence of war a new technology could shift the balance of power causing anticipatory war as one side tries to prevent the other from obtaining it when one side already has it war is more likely when the shift in power is large likely and durable when neither side has it war is more likely when the expected shift is asymmetric e g one side is more likely to get it and when the two sides fear that a war will occur once one of them has it the authors illustrate the model with historical examples from the spread of firearms the musket wars in precolonial new zealand and of nuclear weapons the end of us nuclear monopoly and the 1967 six day war a broader implication is that major power competition can unintentionally cause wars elsewhere", "title_raw": "Arms Diffusion and War", "abstract_raw": "The authors present a model of the relationship between the spread of new military technologies and the occurrence of war. A new technology could shift the balance of power, causing anticipatory war as one side tries to prevent the other from obtaining it. When one side already has it, war is more likely when the shift in power is large, likely, and durable. When neither side has it, war is more likely when the expected shift is asymmetric (e.g., one side is more likely to get it) and when the two sides fear that a war will occur once one of them has it. The authors illustrate the model with historical examples from the spread of firearms (the Musket Wars in precolonial New Zealand) and of nuclear weapons (the end of US nuclear monopoly and the 1967 Six-Day War). A broader implication is that major power competition can unintentionally cause wars elsewhere." }, { "paper": "2043124198", "venue": "44706263", "year": "2012", "title": "the supportive state families government and america s political ideals by maxine eichner new york oxford university press 2010 198 pp 49 95 cloth", "label": [ "94625758", "2776398702", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2477911904" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Supportive State: Families, Government, and America's Political Ideals. By Maxine Eichner. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 198 pp. $49.95 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2055170802", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2012", "title": "a bibliometric study of research activity in asean related to the eu in fp7 priority areas", "label": [ "198597936" ], "author": [ "2304958819", "324073226", "2513029820", "240102194", "2617411075" ], "reference": [ "579988444", "1872415695", "2001213194", "2061312249", "2251070582", "2916749484" ], "abstract": "two relevant recent developments in the area of science and technology s t and related policy making motivate this article first bibliometric data on a specific research area s performance becomes an increasingly relevant source for s t policy making and evaluation this trend is embedded in wider discussions on evidence based policy making secondly the scientific output of southeast asian countries is rising as is the number of international research collaborations with the second area of our interest europe against this background we employ basic bibliometric methodology in order to draw a picture of southeast asian research strengths as well the amount and focus of s t cooperation between the countries in southeast asia and the european union the results can prove useful for an interested public as well as for the scientific community and science technology and innovation policy making", "title_raw": "A bibliometric study of research activity in ASEAN related to the EU in FP7 priority areas", "abstract_raw": "Two relevant recent developments in the area of science and technology (S&T) and related policy-making motivate this article: first, bibliometric data on a specific research area's performance becomes an increasingly relevant source for S&T policy-making and evaluation. This trend is embedded in wider discussions on evidence-based policy-making. Secondly, the scientific output of Southeast Asian countries is rising, as is the number of international research collaborations with the second area of our interest: Europe. Against this background, we employ basic bibliometric methodology in order to draw a picture of Southeast Asian research strengths as well the amount and focus of S&T cooperation between the countries in Southeast Asia and the European Union. The results can prove useful for an interested public as well as for the scientific community and science, technology and innovation policy-making." }, { "paper": "2062329741", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2012", "title": "deriving a forecast model for european election turnout", "label": [ "2779838221" ], "author": [ "2114670191", "1948654446" ], "reference": [ "1540323959", "1605478907", "1974742313", "1998476416", "2009435671", "2017793248", "2020128043", "2026917118", "2030472214", "2031557808", "2034301206", "2036440095", "2037337095", "2043114942", "2063236012", "2063322530", "2067455014", "2080443227", "2082395018", "2094295771", "2098380371", "2102857084", "2108355281", "2118768083", "2120819167", "2124252203", "2130724383", "2139117765", "2142344843", "2142835366", "2168661258", "2169005419", "2252687155", "2321731100", "2492864448", "3125810405" ], "abstract": "turnout is a key indicator in european parliament elections in the absence of a direct executive outcome forecasting turnout is an important exercise in requiring the identification of a parsimonious model with good lead time from the array of structural demographic and attitudinal variables employed in rich explanatory models of turnout and simultaneously minimizing prediction error building on a series of regression models using aggregate data this article explores the applicability of such an approach to turnout in the eu 27 countries and considers the explanatory added value that deriving such a forecast model can also provide", "title_raw": "Deriving a Forecast Model for European Election Turnout", "abstract_raw": "Turnout is a key indicator in European Parliament elections in the absence of a direct executive outcome. Forecasting turnout is an important exercise in requiring the identification of a parsimonious model with good lead time from the array of structural, demographic, and attitudinal variables employed in rich explanatory models of turnout, and simultaneously minimizing prediction error. Building on a series of regression models using aggregate data, this article explores the applicability of such an approach to turnout in the EU-27 countries and considers the explanatory added value that deriving such a forecast model can also provide." }, { "paper": "2321716768", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "the unwritten rules of journalism", "label": [ "119513131" ], "author": [ "2000873939" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Unwritten Rules of Journalism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3123568169", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2012", "title": "politics close to home the impact of meso level institutions on women in politics", "label": [ "189261614", "136810230", "94625758", "2776359362", "20555606", "83009810", "533735693" ], "author": [ "208638776", "2055012031", "2117428699" ], "reference": [ "13418055", "51160510", "89528217", "100074186", "250471484", "401166033", "600732078", "609236273", "638662097", "643868676", "648916986", "1230600452", "1481072732", "1484166208", "1500620489", "1516092807", "1528389738", "1530914240", "1538958259", "1590134748", "1605122823", "1721988686", "1776261592", "1853427563", "1982134363", "1994471129", "1996760592", "1998348031", "2001769946", "2007778737", "2009625600", "2017664420", "2036762804", "2052778543", "2058109734", "2072467182", "2076892149", "2082613272", "2086774486", "2098748124", "2107731890", "2112466337", "2124222250", "2136820464", "2139040101", "2139543066", "2141652806", "2146650604", "2149897917", "2151238151", "2159484263", "2159869052", "2164451257", "2165297018", "2167471804", "2229116199", "2247621228", "2326312291", "2326599999", "2327044633", "2332912331", "2503703767", "2729910996", "2771966975", "2942442593", "3149953018" ], "abstract": "scholars recognize a worldwide increase in decentralization as well as the prevalence of multilevel governance in europe this article examines the advantages and disadvantages that meso level institutions present for women s political representation in three european union member states that are decentralized unitary states using the framework of the triangle of women s empowerment we ask whether women are represented in meso level legislatures women s policy agencies and women s movements in italy spain and poland we find that gains in meso level legislatures are slow but meso level women s policy agencies and movements provide important access for women to politics like scholars studying women and federalism we conclude that decentralized institutions in unitary states offer both opportunities for and impediments to feminist policy and activism", "title_raw": "Politics Close to Home: The Impact of Meso-level Institutions on Women in Politics", "abstract_raw": "Scholars recognize a worldwide increase in decentralization as well as the prevalence of multilevel governance in Europe. This article examines the advantages and disadvantages that meso-level institutions present for women\u2019s political representation in three European Union member-states that are decentralized, unitary states. Using the framework of the triangle of women\u2019s empowerment, we ask whether women are represented in meso-level legislatures, women\u2019s policy agencies, and women\u2019s movements in Italy, Spain, and Poland. We find that gains in meso-level legislatures are slow, but meso-level women\u2019s policy agencies and movements provide important access for women to politics. Like scholars studying women and federalism, we conclude that decentralized institutions in unitary states offer both opportunities for and impediments to feminist policy and activism." }, { "paper": "2092648042", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2012", "title": "the demise of the plo neither diaspora nor statehood", "label": [ "2777720223", "2778611045" ], "author": [ "2093875788" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Demise of the PLO: Neither Diaspora nor Statehood", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2016015186", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2012", "title": "european multiculturalism revisted", "label": [ "542530943" ], "author": [ "3178128091" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "European Multiculturalism Revisted", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2325690031", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2012", "title": "crossing borders migration and citizenship in the twentieth century united states by dorothee schneider cambridge ma harvard university press 2011 336p 45 00", "label": [ "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2649464340" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Crossing Borders: Migration and Citizenship in the Twentieth-Century United States. By Dorothee Schneider. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011. 336p. $45.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2043866501", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2012", "title": "has globalization strengthened south korea s national research system national and international dynamics of the triple helix of scientific co authorship relationships in south korea", "label": [ "2119116", "109986646", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2486621516", "2096153312", "2470647401", "1993486354" ], "reference": [ "48612141", "158805393", "189804332", "189820877", "1490135749", "1554436272", "1799889357", "1964920419", "1968963246", "1969292440", "1969564728", "1970411937", "1976355264", "1995618388", "1995875735", "2000453604", "2000768700", "2012195831", "2034765382", "2035466841", "2037925493", "2049292921", "2050010356", "2052701635", "2053964603", "2060566459", "2069688404", "2073548924", "2074254500", "2074846680", "2080243750", "2085926647", "2086628483", "2089629814", "2093208641", "2094193531", "2095197847", "2100015718", "2103255474", "2116871268", "2119959310", "2122831750", "2125129898", "2128226562", "2130154030", "2138357076", "2141052798", "2146784403", "2154827960", "2160053408", "2165221806", "2171602413", "2257212952", "2343787446", "2887002214", "2981374733", "3011867773", "3119005459", "3124856069", "3134853862" ], "abstract": "we trace the structural patterns of co authorship between korean researchers at three institutional types university government and industry and their international partners in terms of the mutual information generated in these relations data were collected from the web of science during the period 1968 2009 the traditional triple helix indicator was modified to measure the evolving network of co authorship relations the results show that international co authorship relations have varied considerably over time and with changes in government policies but most relations have become stable since the early 2000s in other words the national publication system of korea has gained some synergy from r d internationalization during the 1990s but the development seems to stagnate particularly at the national level whereas both university and industrial collaborations are internationalized the cross connection within korea has steadily eroded", "title_raw": "Has globalization strengthened South Korea's national research system? National and international dynamics of the Triple Helix of scientific co-authorship relationships in South Korea", "abstract_raw": "We trace the structural patterns of co-authorship between Korean researchers at three institutional types (university, government, and industry) and their international partners in terms of the mutual information generated in these relations. Data were collected from the Web of Science during the period 1968---2009. The traditional Triple-Helix indicator was modified to measure the evolving network of co-authorship relations. The results show that international co-authorship relations have varied considerably over time and with changes in government policies, but most relations have become stable since the early 2000s. In other words, the national publication system of Korea has gained some synergy from R&D internationalization during the 1990s, but the development seems to stagnate particularly at the national level: whereas both university and industrial collaborations are internationalized, the cross-connection within Korea has steadily eroded." }, { "paper": "2017973608", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2012", "title": "public relations and lobbying new legislation in slovenia", "label": [ "3116431", "39549134", "148834064", "201342494", "2777351106", "147859227" ], "author": [ "2793405528", "180443428" ], "reference": [ "205897068", "388672737", "424309317", "567256875", "570247459", "601289779", "631125569", "1491649761", "1499493670", "1505789828", "1508137978", "1521164695", "1529423035", "1586820071", "1606878013", "1941903012", "1963628540", "1969590852", "1972575379", "1979895396", "1983670418", "1983738832", "1994560867", "2000689697", "2001886507", "2007102278", "2022505672", "2028808684", "2042927887", "2059085850", "2098363094", "2138730343", "2265727838", "2326282734", "2475528252", "2481781855", "2484720339", "2498846198", "2626202647", "2753221422", "2966991410" ], "abstract": "this article reviews lobbying in the political sciences and public relations literature and it also provides a conceptualization for the regulatory practices of lobbying around the world then it presents the newest law on lobbying instituted in 2010 in the republic of slovenia the integrity and prevention of corruption act this act treats lobbying in two ways 1 as a communication technique used by interest groups to privately influence government officials and 2 as a process of access to information by the same interest groups this inconsistency follows the same trend for lobbying regulation in europe and raises important questions regarding lobbying practice and regulation lobbying is fundamentally a public relations practice exercised in private and public sectors and it uses direct and indirect communication between interest groups and their respective government", "title_raw": "Public relations and lobbying: New legislation in Slovenia", "abstract_raw": "This article reviews lobbying in the political sciences and public relations literature, and it also provides a conceptualization for the regulatory practices of lobbying around the world. Then, it presents the newest law on lobbying instituted in 2010 in the Republic of Slovenia, the Integrity and Prevention of Corruption Act. This Act treats lobbying in two ways: (1) as a communication technique used by interest groups to privately influence government officials and (2) as a process of access to information by the same interest groups. This inconsistency follows the same trend for lobbying regulation in Europe and raises important questions regarding lobbying practice and regulation. Lobbying is fundamentally a public relations practice exercised in private and public sectors, and it uses direct and indirect communication between interest groups and their respective government." }, { "paper": "2113734474", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2012", "title": "reflexive governance redefining the public interest in a pluralistic world edited by o de schutter and j lenoble", "label": [ "2776475305", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2701495920" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reflexive Governance: Redefining the Public Interest in a Pluralistic World \u2013 Edited by O. De Schutter and J. Lenoble", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2063161032", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2012", "title": "competitive interests competition and compromise in american interest group politics by thomas t holyoke", "label": [ "3116431", "94625758", "46355384" ], "author": [ "2613662549" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Competitive Interests: Competition and Compromise in American Interest Group Politics by Thomas T. Holyoke.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2322721599", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2012", "title": "quiet politics and business power corporate control in europe and japan by pepper d culpepper new york cambridge university press 2011 248p 93 00 cloth 30 99 paper", "label": [ "94625758", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2097171044" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Quiet Politics and Business Power: Corporate Control in Europe and Japan . By Pepper D. Culpepper. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 248p. $93.00 cloth, $30.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2112406275", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2012", "title": "making history in mugabe s zimbabwe politics intellectuals and the media by b m tendi bern peter lang 2010 pp 286 64 95 pbk", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2199161869" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Making History in Mugabe's Zimbabwe: politics, intellectuals and the media by B. M. Tendi Bern: Peter Lang, 2010. Pp. 286, $64.95 (pbk).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2021748148", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2012", "title": "oceanography ultra marine", "label": [ "148834064", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "225918442" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "stephen r palumbi finds both stark warnings and buoyant optimism in an encyclopaedic take on the state of the oceans", "title_raw": "Oceanography: Ultra marine", "abstract_raw": "Stephen R. Palumbi finds both stark warnings and buoyant optimism in an encyclopaedic take on the state of the oceans." }, { "paper": "2039582647", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "run by the army for the army", "label": [ "191935318", "2778521920" ], "author": [ "2274243332" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "space scienceearly in the morning on 11 january 2007 china fired a missile topped with a kinetic kill vehicle at a spacecraft in low earth orbit smashing it to smithereens the shot did not ignite a conflict as the target an aging weather satellite was china s own but fengyun 1c s obliteration sent a message a few months earlier the united states had unveiled a space policy pledging to deny if necessary adversaries the use of space capabilities hostile to u s national interests china s antisatellite test showed that two could play at that game", "title_raw": "Run by the Army for the Army", "abstract_raw": "Space ScienceEarly in the morning on 11 January 2007, China fired a missile topped with a kinetic kill vehicle at a spacecraft in low Earth orbit, smashing it to smithereens. The shot did not ignite a conflict, as the target, an aging weather satellite, was China's own. But Fengyun-1C's obliteration sent a message. A few months earlier, the United States had unveiled a space policy pledging to \"deny, if necessary, adversaries the use of space capabilities hostile to U.S. national interests.\" China's antisatellite test showed that two could play at that game." }, { "paper": "2150758578", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2012", "title": "motivating the european voter parties issues and campaigns in european parliament elections", "label": [ "59742305", "199539241", "156160270", "520049643", "2781440851" ], "author": [ "2104913172", "1716959662" ], "reference": [ "40764942", "148167203", "171720695", "259729104", "614561735", "637621955", "642208385", "1479993777", "1529705691", "1537426998", "1577954649", "1594776162", "1804799955", "1885479328", "1890592572", "1894064702", "1957064834", "1966989238", "1968327343", "1969391766", "1977825494", "1983221152", "1995528265", "1995799942", "2001607322", "2007726752", "2020917353", "2021751490", "2022043686", "2023863544", "2025965369", "2027315681", "2029701631", "2033946243", "2045509200", "2048760078", "2052935657", "2056846333", "2062966718", "2063236012", "2067455014", "2074589553", "2080443227", "2082395018", "2089314759", "2092250325", "2098146914", "2099304543", "2099476011", "2101966716", "2104496040", "2110388278", "2114915098", "2115074743", "2115226012", "2124252203", "2128096974", "2141033131", "2143057477", "2143320461", "2143755459", "2145186724", "2148286126", "2150957645", "2157829513", "2168270392", "2169930946", "2252687155", "2482307399", "2504513127", "2507094194" ], "abstract": "voters behave differently in european parliament ep elections compared to national elections because less is at stake in these second order elections while this explains the primary characteristic of ep elections it has often led to a conflation of distinct motivations for changing behaviour namely sincere and protest voting by distinguishing these motivations this article addresses the question of when and why voters alter their behaviour in ep elections in addition it argues that the degree of politicisation of the eu in the domestic debate shapes the extent to which voters rely on eu rather than national considerations these propositions are tested in a multilevel analysis in 27 countries in the 2009 ep elections the findings have important implications for understanding why voters change their behaviour between different types of elections", "title_raw": "Motivating the European voter: parties, issues and campaigns in European Parliament elections", "abstract_raw": "Voters behave differently in European Parliament (EP) elections compared to national elections because less is at stake in these \u2018second-order\u2019 elections. While this explains the primary characteristic of EP elections, it has often led to a conflation of distinct motivations for changing behaviour \u2013 namely sincere and protest voting. By distinguishing these motivations, this article addresses the question of when and why voters alter their behaviour in EP elections. In addition, it argues that the degree of politicisation of the EU in the domestic debate shapes the extent to which voters rely on EU, rather than national, considerations. These propositions are tested in a multilevel analysis in 27 countries in the 2009 EP elections. The findings have important implications for understanding why voters change their behaviour between different types of elections." }, { "paper": "2119643249", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2012", "title": "china s role in global economic recovery edited by xiaolan fu london and new york routledge 2012 xxv 303 pp 95 00 isbn 978 0 415 67034 0", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2196746777" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China's Role in Global Economic Recovery . Edited by XIAOLAN FU. London and New York: Routledge, 2012. xxv + 303 pp. \u00a395.00. ISBN 978-0-415-67034-0", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2109414046", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2012", "title": "how poland promotes democracy", "label": [ "201960208", "2780641677", "17058734", "2780668109", "144661447", "2779423641", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2597591280" ], "reference": [ "59118961", "639192401", "871209875", "1968208681", "1983204772", "1989573419", "2038786684", "2075956172", "2761403856", "2802843167", "2922725541" ], "abstract": "this article examines the democracy promotion efforts of a new eastern eu democracy and a regional leader in the post communist world poland polish democracy promotion has its origin in the international solidarity tradition of the anticommunist opposition movement in the country however poland has made concerted if at times inconsistent efforts to support the democratization of its eastern neighbors primarily because such support is understood to be a central element of a geopolitical security strategy to deter a resurgent russia and while poland has already made some difference by helping secure some democratization gains in ukraine poland s efforts in autocratic belarus have been rather unsuccessful", "title_raw": "How Poland Promotes Democracy", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the democracy promotion efforts of a new Eastern EU democracy and a regional leader in the post-communist world\u2014Poland. Polish democracy promotion has its origin in the international solidarity tradition of the anticommunist opposition movement in the country. However, Poland has made concerted, if at times inconsistent, efforts to support the democratization of its eastern neighbors, primarily because such support is understood to be a central element of a geopolitical security strategy to deter a resurgent Russia. And while Poland has already made some difference by helping secure some democratization gains in Ukraine, Poland's efforts in autocratic Belarus have been rather unsuccessful." }, { "paper": "1983189227", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2012", "title": "a history of welfare state and family kin support", "label": [ "144348335", "129603779", "2777111884" ], "author": [ "2570317546" ], "reference": [ "2157207849" ], "abstract": "volumes based on the research project kin ship and social security kass the project is financed by the european union s sixth framework programme and led by hannes grandits humboldt university berlin and patrick heady max planck institute for social anthropology halle germany it involves researchers mainly historians and anthropologists from eight countries italy sweden germany france austria croatia poland and russia in the order they appear in the book one overall aim of the project is to study when where and why during the twentieth century families kin were the most important institutions to provide for people and when and where the welfare state took precedence the authors would also like to establish a causal link between families kin and the welfare state are wel fare states built in response to some average degree of family and kinship support or does a strong welfare state lead to reduced family kinship support the authors set their ambitions high and at the end of the volume they as we might have expected conclude that it is impossi ble to determine the causal direction", "title_raw": "A History of Welfare State and Family/Kin Support", "abstract_raw": "volumes, based on the research project Kin ship and Social Security (KASS). The project is financed by the European Union's Sixth Framework Programme and led by Hannes Grandits (Humboldt University, Berlin) and Patrick Heady (Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle, Germany). It involves researchers, mainly historians and anthropologists, from eight countries: Italy, Sweden, Germany, France, Austria, Croatia, Poland, and Russia (in the order they appear in the book). One overall aim of the project is to study when, where, and why, during the twentieth century, families/kin were the most important institutions to provide for people, and when and where the welfare state took precedence. The authors would also like to establish a causal link between families/kin and the welfare state. Are wel fare states built in response to some average degree of family and kinship support, or does a strong welfare state lead to reduced family/kinship support? The authors set their ambitions high and at the end of the volume they\u2014as we might have expected\u2014conclude that it is impossi ble to determine the causal direction." }, { "paper": "1964826861", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2012", "title": "policy rethink chemical risk assessments", "label": [ "111874474" ], "author": [ "2167897440", "2170719343" ], "reference": [ "1547861641", "1579194856", "1905429483", "2126975094" ], "abstract": "the us environmental protection agency needs to speed up its risk analyses and address uncertainty say george m gray and joshua t cohen", "title_raw": "Policy: Rethink chemical risk assessments.", "abstract_raw": "The US Environmental Protection Agency needs to speed up its risk analyses and address uncertainty, say George M. Gray and Joshua T. Cohen." }, { "paper": "3125438010", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2012", "title": "confronting crawford v washington in the lower courts", "label": [ "2776398702", "2778203169", "2777026412", "2778102385", "504945742", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2692631437" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "crawford v washington is arguably the most significant criminal procedure decision of the last decade critics have argued that the crawford line is a doctrinal muddle that has led to arbitrary and unpredictable results in the lower courts i respond to this critique by presenting results from the first large scale empirical analysis of post crawford confrontation clause cases in the lower courts the results show that courts have emphasized two factors the presence of a state actor and the presence of an injured party to evaluate whether a statement is testimonial under crawford i then argue that contrary to conventional wisdom these results are not ambiguous or contradictory but instead consistent with the reasoning of crawford and the underlying purposes of the confrontation clause author yale law school j d 2013 university of michigan b a 2008 thanks to professor steven duke for his suggestions and supervision during the drafting process to the yale law journal editorial staff especially chris michel for outstanding feedback and editing and to laura pisarello for her constant support any errors are my own confronting crawford v washington in the lower courts", "title_raw": "Confronting Crawford v. Washington in the Lower Courts", "abstract_raw": "Crawford v. Washington is arguably the most significant criminal procedure decision of the last decade. Critics have argued that the Crawford line is a doctrinal muddle that has led to arbitrary and unpredictable results in the lower courts. I respond to this critique by presenting results from the first large-scale empirical analysis of post-Crawford Confrontation Clause cases in the lower courts. The results show that courts have emphasized two factors\u2014the presence of a state actor and the presence of an injured party\u2014to evaluate whether a statement is testimonial under Crawford. I then argue that, contrary to conventional wisdom, these results are not ambiguous or contradictory but instead consistent with the reasoning of Crawford and the underlying purposes of the Confrontation Clause. author. Yale Law School, J.D. 2013; University of Michigan, B.A. 2008. Thanks to Professor Steven Duke for his suggestions and supervision during the drafting process, to The Yale Law Journal editorial staff (especially Chris Michel) for outstanding feedback and editing, and to Laura Pisarello for her constant support. Any errors are my own. confronting crawford v. washington in the lower courts" }, { "paper": "2111421842", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2012", "title": "old truths and new politics does truth commission publicness impact democratization", "label": [ "94625758", "17058734", "2778061430", "555826173", "2776034101", "2779621654" ], "author": [ "2154289324", "116960230" ], "reference": [ "51774562", "105356425", "342735435", "609874415", "642360466", "1484651877", "1497244846", "1498291369", "1509383136", "1533369859", "1551430508", "1577918665", "1963817213", "1964578270", "1966627653", "1967565460", "1971422542", "1975885801", "1978213684", "2006700525", "2011381076", "2013040204", "2025822284", "2033964301", "2037557484", "2038704336", "2045672904", "2059746958", "2065386403", "2083277050", "2083729314", "2100558112", "2109426992", "2122000793", "2122610386", "2125353502", "2128014874", "2131047368", "2156840493", "2163650980", "2171690315", "2171729612", "2323321734", "2325275831", "2330150283", "2481503175", "2481687874", "2490727920", "2499780127", "3121988683", "3125244167" ], "abstract": "this article analyzes the relationship between truth and politics by asking whether the publicness of a truth commission defined by whether it has public hearings releases a public report and names perpetrators contributes to democratization the article reviews scholarship relevant to the potential democratizing effects of truth commissions and derives mechanisms that help explain this relationship work from the transitional justice field as well as democratization and political transition more generally is considered using a newly constructed truth commission publicness dataset tcpd the analysis finds that even after statistically controlling for initial levels of democracy democratic trends in the years prior to a commission level of wealth amnesties and or trials the influence of the south african truth and reconciliation commission and different cutoff points for measuring democratization across a number of models more publicness predicts higher levels of democracy years after the", "title_raw": "Old truths and new politics: Does truth commission 'publicness' impact democratization?", "abstract_raw": "This article analyzes the relationship between truth and politics by asking whether the \u2018publicness\u2019 of a truth commission \u2013 defined by whether it has public hearings, releases a public report, and names perpetrators \u2013 contributes to democratization. The article reviews scholarship relevant to the potential democratizing effects of truth commissions and derives mechanisms that help explain this relationship. Work from the transitional justice field as well as democratization and political transition more generally is considered. Using a newly-constructed Truth Commission Publicness Dataset (TCPD), the analysis finds that even after statistically controlling for initial levels of democracy, democratic trends in the years prior to a commission, level of wealth, amnesties and/or trials, the influence of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and different cutoff points for measuring democratization across a number of models, more publicness predicts higher levels of democracy years after the ..." }, { "paper": "2580473738", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2012", "title": "the fight against corruption goes global", "label": [ "201342494", "508889258" ], "author": [ "2519476775" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Fight Against Corruption Goes Global", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1994174442", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2012", "title": "iran will determine obama s legacy", "label": [ "46355384", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2168568534" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "now that tehran knows who will occupy the white house for the next four years talks may soon resume in earnest but iranian eagerness to talk should not be mistaken for willingness to compromise", "title_raw": "Iran Will Determine Obama's Legacy", "abstract_raw": "Now that Tehran knows who will occupy the White House for the next four years, talks may soon resume in earnest. But Iranian eagerness to talk should not be mistaken for willingness to compromise." }, { "paper": "2083646934", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2012", "title": "striking iran the debate in israel", "label": [ "199539241", "51575053" ], "author": [ "1984483936" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a difficult security environment electoral system and bureaucratic structure create five pathologies for israel s national security decision making process", "title_raw": "Striking Iran: The Debate in Israel", "abstract_raw": "A difficult security environment, electoral system and bureaucratic structure create five pathologies for Israel's national-security decision-making process." }, { "paper": "2001742239", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2012", "title": "patterns of consistence and constriction how news media frame the coverage of direct democratic campaigns", "label": [ "2780110086", "67037518", "538316197", "513891491", "201280247", "529147693" ], "author": [ "2492558737", "2029558723" ], "reference": [ "153911326", "194934302", "393672451", "569953890", "607328217", "622903854", "1502867909", "1505061714", "1505985203", "1523672364", "1539052159", "1568955415", "1592922617", "1938126477", "1963957476", "1975758186", "1986318130", "1995298384", "1997432436", "2001442493", "2012514681", "2017878501", "2018860268", "2037654461", "2038007619", "2039479574", "2040535234", "2044727187", "2049296298", "2058573747", "2077151927", "2077712191", "2077742072", "2078561014", "2089363775", "2094290735", "2098631544", "2104496040", "2124122196", "2139709268", "2147160422", "2153222072", "2419165577", "2502059377", "2583136191", "2612431435", "2890652087", "2978129485" ], "abstract": "journalists have the power to enhance the visibility of certain aspects of campaign issues and thus are relevant mediators between political actors and citizens to serve the public interest news media coverage should include the views of different political camps and should enable citizens to build opinions in an enlightened way the authors analyze journalists framing of the coverage of a 2008 campaign on the naturalization of immigrants content analysis was conducted of all campaign coverage by tv stations and major newspaper outlets over a period of 14 weeks to identify dominant frames the authors coded all campaign arguments made in news media coverage n 3 570 the results show that media coverage focused on three substantive frames rule of law mass naturalization and people s final say the findings reveal that coverage was not balanced but was clearly in favor of the rule of law frame this framing bias applies to different types of media including public service tv and elite newspapers furthermore the authors found a striking bias toward institutional actors who were covered much more often than civil society actors", "title_raw": "Patterns of Consistence and Constriction: How News Media Frame the Coverage of Direct Democratic Campaigns", "abstract_raw": "Journalists have the power to enhance the visibility of certain aspects of campaign issues and, thus, are relevant mediators between political actors and citizens. To serve the public interest, news media coverage should include the views of different political camps and should enable citizens to build opinions in an enlightened way. The authors analyze journalists\u2019 framing of the coverage of a 2008 campaign on the naturalization of immigrants. Content analysis was conducted of all campaign coverage by TV stations and major newspaper outlets over a period of 14 weeks. To identify dominant frames, the authors coded all campaign arguments made in news media coverage (N = 3,570). The results show that media coverage focused on three substantive frames\u2014rule of law, mass naturalization, and people\u2019s final say. The findings reveal that coverage was not balanced but was clearly in favor of the rule of law frame. This framing bias applies to different types of media, including public service TV and elite newspapers. Furthermore, the authors found a striking bias toward institutional actors, who were covered much more often than civil society actors." }, { "paper": "2334183696", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2012", "title": "robert r korstad and james l leloudis to right these wrongs the north carolina fund and the battle to end poverty and inequality in 1960s america", "label": [ "189326681" ], "author": [ "2491558512" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Robert R. Korstad and James L. Leloudis. To Right These Wrongs: The North Carolina Fund and the Battle to End Poverty and Inequality in 1960s America.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2332503972", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "the real costs of research", "label": [ "2779473830", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2733659109", "2161332526", "2536287731", "3025739765" ], "reference": [ "1998376618" ], "abstract": "in their 27 july editorial iceberg alert for nih p 390 1 h r bourne and m o lively assert that faculty administrators research institutions and nih must work together to address the challenges of research funding during a time when the nation is struggling to regain its", "title_raw": "The real costs of research.", "abstract_raw": "In their 27 July Editorial (\u201cIceberg alert for NIH,\u201d p. [390][1]), H. R. Bourne and M. O. Lively assert that \u201cfaculty, administrators, research institutions, and NIH must work together\u201d to address the challenges of research funding during a time when the nation is struggling to regain its" }, { "paper": "2083197233", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2012", "title": "genomics ace quits japan", "label": [ "2778139618", "2779473830", "148834064" ], "author": [ "223312324" ], "reference": [ "1652463192", "2019552522", "2039797737", "2061104943", "2217809488" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Genomics ace quits Japan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1948803024", "venue": "90857023", "year": "2012", "title": "how does conflict in migrants country of origin affect remittance sending financial priorities and transnational obligations among somalis and pakistanis in norway", "label": [ "2779449393", "2779101040", "2780962165", "70036468", "173145845" ], "author": [ "2186624529", "2123667247", "2096508106" ], "reference": [ "1604805611", "1965372552", "1975615182", "1982670219", "1984578253", "1998377556", "2000013221", "2000251350", "2006450143", "2044898029", "2066819520", "2106420462", "2135154365", "2151762996", "2157072574", "2163346871", "2298688636" ], "abstract": "this article examines how conflict in the country of origin interacts with other factors in shaping migrants remittance sending practices our data come from a survey of 10 immigrant groups in norway and semi structured interviews with somali and pakistani remittance senders and receivers first we conduct an in depth comparison to explore the differences in how somali and pakistani migrants decide about remittance sending second we use survey data on all 10 migrant groups to evaluate whether the differences that are not explained by socioeconomic characteristics may partly reflect whether or not there is ongoing conflict in the country of origin in our analyses we differentiate between 1 the effect of migrants capacity to remit and their prioritizing of local and transnational expenditures and 2 the impact of state collapse and absence of human security on migrants and refugees desire to remit we find that ongoing conflict in the country of origin exerts an upward pressure on remittance sending abstract from author", "title_raw": "How does Conflict in Migrants\u2019 Country of Origin Affect Remittance-Sending? Financial Priorities and Transnational Obligations among Somalis and Pakistanis in Norway:", "abstract_raw": "This article examines how conflict in the country of origin interacts with other factors in shaping migrants' remittance-sending practices. Our data come from a survey of 10 immigrant groups in Norway and semi-structured interviews with Somali and Pakistani remittance-senders and receivers. First, we conduct an in-depth comparison to explore the differences in how Somali and Pakistani migrants decide about remittance-sending. Second, we use survey data on all 10 migrant groups to evaluate whether the differences that are not explained by socioeconomic characteristics, may partly reflect whether or not there is ongoing conflict in the country of origin. In our analyses we differentiate between (1) the effect of migrants' capacity to remit and their prioritizing of local and transnational expenditures, and (2) the impact of state collapse and absence of human security on migrants' and refugees' desire to remit. We find that ongoing conflict in the country of origin exerts an upward pressure on remittance-sending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]" }, { "paper": "2007325683", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2012", "title": "bringing indigenous ownership back chinese presence and the citizen economic empowerment commission in zambia", "label": [ "2780259992", "58823610", "2776746854", "20555606" ], "author": [ "340315068" ], "reference": [ "30322850", "346254974", "595506910", "607622373", "645600658", "1563866476", "1591425318", "1951940327", "1965524288", "1966057858", "1969153260", "1982098038", "1999564818", "2011030080", "2022229283", "2046350744", "2066435224", "2070662881", "2098855018", "2116987605", "2122562114", "2139768326", "2144133755", "2150993022", "2284419754", "2299333930", "2334432586", "2417514165", "2482573555", "2483262901" ], "abstract": "african economies are currently experiencing an upsurge in foreign ownership of key parts of their economies this however is not new and in the wake of independence several african countries pursued indigenisation policies to bring ownership back to their own citizens now indigenisation policies thrive again this time disguised in terms such as empowerment but just as politicised as in the 1970s zambia is at the heart of this development in the light of liberalisation booming commodity prices and the increasing importance of chinese investors this article seeks to further our understanding of how processes of exclusion interact with domestic politics in zambia it argues that the citizens economic empowerment commission a new institution to bring ownership back to zambians builds on a long tradition of nationalist policies in zambia while its actual work is strictly related to the critique of the growing foreign dominance over the economy and in particular of the upsurge in chinese investments", "title_raw": "Bringing 'indigenous' ownership back: Chinese presence and the Citizen Economic Empowerment Commission in Zambia", "abstract_raw": "African economies are currently experiencing an upsurge in foreign ownership of key parts of their economies. This, however, is not new, and in the wake of independence several African countries pursued indigenisation policies to bring ownership back to their own citizens. Now indigenisation policies thrive again, this time disguised in terms such as \u2018empowerment\u2019, but just as politicised as in the 1970s. Zambia is at the heart of this development. In the light of liberalisation, booming commodity prices and the increasing importance of Chinese investors, this article seeks to further our understanding of how processes of exclusion interact with domestic politics in Zambia. It argues that the Citizens Economic Empowerment Commission, a new institution to bring ownership back to Zambians, builds on a long tradition of nationalist policies in Zambia, while its actual work is strictly related to the critique of the growing foreign dominance over the economy, and in particular of the upsurge in Chinese investments." }, { "paper": "2141057046", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2012", "title": "regional integration and the evolution of the european polity on the fiftieth anniversary of the journal of common market studies", "label": [ "2779015535", "2779707719" ], "author": [ "2271554741", "2240897682" ], "reference": [ "193276848", "1498895400", "1517373750", "1564824153", "1569410165", "1964336196", "1965260148", "1965809710", "1966358148", "1968139460", "1970288101", "1996732184", "2002315999", "2020255191", "2025859101", "2027393805", "2027402216", "2030002750", "2054378321", "2054935172", "2061849704", "2063104451", "2069514268", "2070677020", "2079331404", "2099699569", "2100407467", "2110388278", "2111423706", "2112105141", "2118971735", "2124242740", "2124651012", "2127392501", "2128602040", "2136325880", "2147040805", "2148349000", "2155512217", "2155890454", "2170196557", "2316210246", "2498495058", "2580694897", "3122956224", "3123150792", "3123839570", "3124512006", "3124887464" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Regional Integration and the Evolution of the European Polity: On the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Journal of Common Market Studies", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2045058001", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2012", "title": "we ve got them on the list contacting canvassing and voting in a british general election campaign", "label": [ "520049643", "2777582232", "59742305", "45184978", "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2122378678", "2986114561", "2041199677", "2234601897" ], "reference": [ "134655905", "583454784", "592043808", "1481658327", "1496090339", "1594494156", "1855237671", "1960762072", "1977928309", "1991109608", "2003769745", "2016942244", "2022043624", "2053974216", "2057765075", "2065871921", "2088864813", "2100856459", "2102642814", "2111952895", "2144979965", "2147098768", "2466767745" ], "abstract": "many voters are canvassed by british political parties in the months and weeks immediately preceding a general election but many are not the parties are selective in whom they make contact with and where they focus on those in marginal constituencies who are likely to vote for them and having identified them early in the process they contact them again seeking to sustain that support in the seats where the contest overall will be either won or lost a large panel survey conducted immediately before and after the 2010 general election allows detailed insight into that pattern of canvassing identifying who the parties contacted and where in the six months prior to the election being called and then who were contacted during the month immediately preceding polling day and in how many different ways each party focused on its own supporters in the marginal constituencies and in the middle class neighbourhoods within those constituencies but whereas the conservatives expecting to win the election campaigned most intensively in the seats they lost by relatively small margins at the previous contest labour and the liberal democrats fought defensive campaigns in the seats that they won then such tactics were successful the more ways in which respondents were contacted by a party the more likely they were to vote for it", "title_raw": "We\u2019ve got them on the list: contacting, canvassing and voting in a British general election campaign", "abstract_raw": "Many voters are canvassed by British political parties in the months and weeks immediately preceding a general election \u2013 but many are not. The parties are selective in whom they make contact with, and where. They focus on those in marginal constituencies who are likely to vote for them \u2013 and having identified them early in the process they contact them again, seeking to sustain that support in the seats where the contest overall will be either won or lost. A large panel survey conducted immediately before and after the 2010 general election allows detailed insight into that pattern of canvassing, identifying who the parties contacted, and where, in the six months prior to the election being called, and then who were contacted during the month immediately preceding polling day, and in how many different ways. Each party focused on its own supporters in the marginal constituencies, and in the middle-class neighbourhoods within those constituencies, but whereas the Conservatives, expecting to win the election, campaigned most intensively in the seats they lost by relatively small margins at the previous contest, Labour and the Liberal Democrats fought defensive campaigns in the seats that they won then. Such tactics were successful; the more ways in which respondents were contacted by a party, the more likely they were to vote for it." }, { "paper": "3121540191", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2012", "title": "collective action clientelism and connectivity", "label": [ "2779220025", "2781035477", "2777932401" ], "author": [ "2141257268" ], "reference": [ "20066928", "54666213", "94723172", "583565819", "588795315", "620510252", "623418795", "647555346", "1480621247", "1483865913", "1508440503", "1511665033", "1524766333", "1530724890", "1541946833", "1571670044", "1578207334", "1584098888", "1588891935", "1713503745", "1789829212", "1799184484", "1823003944", "1841166463", "1863503674", "1864075517", "1945180365", "1973052347", "1979501013", "1980395441", "1987235421", "1992021570", "1993338123", "1997432944", "1998701165", "1999653899", "2014066760", "2015436481", "2033122065", "2037546534", "2037760995", "2043953671", "2044033056", "2048140765", "2052183344", "2056945297", "2059328155", "2061565725", "2062421351", "2069430582", "2072267290", "2076867702", "2077844534", "2079084502", "2083199161", "2083742813", "2084206981", "2092203204", "2092242969", "2092534744", "2102059224", "2107944243", "2126612121", "2137243505", "2137434721", "2147264455", "2153498557", "2155465532", "2158847595", "2159118849", "2164402447", "2164778759", "2164792678", "2167006186", "2167201755", "2170689222", "2172057154", "2259228331", "2304463019", "2312560864", "2328035621", "2329780223", "2563195016", "2594546562", "2617846183", "2782541394", "2788840038", "2797706298", "2802184970", "2990111128", "3020933790", "3021822145", "3124897234", "3125482245", "3144537956", "3149953018" ], "abstract": "backed by studies finding only limited propensity for free riding when communities have an interest in self provision the last few decades have seen a surge of interest in community based development a major caveat to the second wave of collective action studies however is that collective action often breaks down under hierarchical social relationships this is unfortunate news for developing countries rural societies which are often entrenched in patron client networks using a natural experiment found in the construction of a motorway the article finds that clientelist relationships do not in and by themselves block peasant collective action rather it is the interaction between clientelism and isolation that empowers patrons to block community based projects peasants in connected villages face no such constraints but instead rely on their patrons assistance in collective projects making the hierarchical network an additional resource", "title_raw": "Collective Action, Clientelism and Connectivity", "abstract_raw": "Backed by studies finding only limited propensity for free-riding when communities have an interest in self-provision, the last few decades have seen a surge of interest in community-based development. A major caveat to the \"second wave\" of collective action studies, however, is that collective action often breaks down under hierarchical social relationships. This is unfortunate news for developing countries' rural societies, which are often entrenched in patron-client networks. Using a natural experiment found in the construction of a motorway, the article finds that clientelist relationships do not, in and by themselves, block peasant collective action. Rather, it is the interaction between clientelism and isolation that empowers patrons to block community-based projects. Peasants in connected villages face no such constraints, but instead rely on their patrons' assistance in collective projects, making the hierarchical network an additional resource." }, { "paper": "2035512059", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2012", "title": "the coalition merchants the ideological roots of the civil rights realignment", "label": [ "158071213", "201280247", "94625758", "520049643", "555826173", "522663455", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2096244750" ], "reference": [ "65672298", "94583440", "199238147", "563212741", "1540944730", "1550812296", "1578247570", "1579790889", "1580899010", "1973647208", "1977825494", "1981357072", "1993299017", "1996057604", "2015232859", "2019654267", "2020917353", "2022329491", "2027682935", "2049695024", "2052104221", "2061925940", "2072757091", "2081676185", "2093520298", "2102296982", "2103792041", "2108306139", "2112703059", "2114231125", "2118775452", "2133751606", "2135796387", "2153140039", "2157979842", "2163984563", "2168659096", "2327478455", "2332066172", "2571809471", "2795866679", "2797133513", "2797393156", "2798437580", "2990427094", "3123991662" ], "abstract": "over the course of the twentieth century the democratic and republican parties have reversed positions on racial issues this reversal is credited to a variety of factors chief among them strategic decisions on the part of party leaders competing for votes an original dataset of the opinions expressed by political thinkers in leading magazines and newspapers is used to develop a measure of ideological positions parallel to nominate scores for members of congress results show that the current ideological pattern in which racial and economic liberalism are aligned together emerged among political intellectuals at least 20 years before it appeared in congressional voting the finding is consistent with the view that ideology shapes party coalitions", "title_raw": "The Coalition Merchants: The Ideological Roots of the Civil Rights Realignment", "abstract_raw": "Over the course of the twentieth century, the Democratic and Republican parties have reversed positions on racial issues. This reversal is credited to a variety of factors, chief among them strategic decisions on the part of party leaders competing for votes. An original dataset of the opinions expressed by political thinkers in leading magazines and newspapers is used to develop a measure of ideological positions parallel to nominate scores for members of Congress. Results show that the current ideological pattern, in which racial and economic liberalism are aligned together, emerged among political intellectuals at least 20 years before it appeared in congressional voting. The finding is consistent with the view that ideology shapes party coalitions." }, { "paper": "2086134925", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "nsf s big pitch tests anonymized grant reviews", "label": [ "2780966255" ], "author": [ "2232726435" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "is the u s national science foundation nsf turning down deserving research proposals because of potential biases in the grant review process the answer may be yes if preliminary findings of an experiment being conducted by nsf officials hold up but the officials caution against drawing any firm conclusions from what they acknowledge is limited data", "title_raw": "NSF's \u2018Big Pitch\u2019 Tests Anonymized Grant Reviews", "abstract_raw": "Is the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) turning down deserving research proposals because of potential biases in the grant-review process? The answer may be yes, if preliminary findings of an experiment being conducted by NSF officials hold up. But the officials caution against drawing any firm conclusions from what they acknowledge is limited data." }, { "paper": "2070995949", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2012", "title": "examining the expertise experience and expedience of crisis consultants in singapore", "label": [ "2777042776", "2777239683", "2776424047", "39549134", "2780851881", "3116431" ], "author": [ "1969845166", "2790582870" ], "reference": [ "72450154", "158852301", "302667912", "589164849", "631125569", "646328161", "765291544", "1491649761", "1505385435", "1505677392", "1529562839", "1532996946", "1556236940", "1570963450", "1601277684", "1607073065", "1645751345", "1964868734", "1964874531", "1971506341", "1971607661", "1975489528", "1977601759", "1982677780", "1984937986", "1986055048", "1991236751", "1998476839", "2001472167", "2013223715", "2014307376", "2022079167", "2023043056", "2030535940", "2034056280", "2035171750", "2036304954", "2037144381", "2039550791", "2039659665", "2051490691", "2053021109", "2083959036", "2089755206", "2097840301", "2114005979", "2125681610", "2127392054", "2149347562", "2162316558", "2165226228", "2167303419", "2170567443", "2326282734", "2413944083", "2799018127" ], "abstract": "abstract by most accounts crisis preparedness in organizations globally has been appalling burnett 1998 pinsdorf 1991 the situation is no different in singapore wu dai 2001 with crisis expertise often lacking from within organizations many resort to engaging public relations pr agencies to help this study which is inspired by frandsen and johansen s 2008 study in denmark aims to evaluate the contributions of consultants from pr agencies adapting indicators to assess professionalism proposed by lages and simkin 2003 and sallot cameron and lariscy 1997 and integrating them with variables from the contingency theory pang jin cameron 2010 this study seeks to examine 1 the level of expertise of consultants in offering crisis management consultancy 2 the level of experience of consultants offering crisis management consultancy and 3 the value and expedience of the consultancy services offered findings showed that agencies in singapore hired consultants based on skills such as writing speaking and ability to manage the media for some lack of direct experience was compensated by in house training international agencies appeared to have an advantage over the local agencies by virtue of their access to expertise and knowledge from their international network however as the majority of agencies had only managed few crises it was difficult to assess the value these consultants added studies examining consultants in pr agencies are rare it is hoped this study would trigger research around the world", "title_raw": "Examining the expertise, experience, and expedience of crisis consultants in Singapore", "abstract_raw": "Abstract By most accounts, crisis preparedness in organizations globally has been appalling ( Burnett, 1998 , Pinsdorf, 1991 ). The situation is no different in Singapore ( Wu & Dai, 2001 ). With crisis expertise often lacking from within organizations, many resort to engaging public relations (PR) agencies to help. This study, which is inspired by Frandsen and Johansen's (2008) study in Denmark, aims to evaluate the contributions of consultants from PR agencies. Adapting indicators to assess professionalism proposed by Lages and Simkin (2003) and Sallot, Cameron and Lariscy (1997) and integrating them with variables from the contingency theory ( Pang, Jin, & Cameron, 2010 ), this study seeks to examine: (1) the level of expertise of consultants in offering crisis management consultancy; (2) the level of experience of consultants offering crisis management consultancy; and (3) the value and expedience of the consultancy services offered. Findings showed that agencies in Singapore hired consultants based on skills such as writing, speaking and ability to manage the media. For some, lack of direct experience was compensated by in-house training. International agencies appeared to have an advantage over the local agencies by virtue of their access to expertise and knowledge from their international network. However, as the majority of agencies had only managed few crises, it was difficult to assess the value these consultants added. Studies examining consultants in PR agencies are rare. It is hoped this study would trigger research around the world." }, { "paper": "1995103620", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2012", "title": "the state of the discipline of public administration the future is promising", "label": [ "3116431", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "1503139289" ], "reference": [ "603770493", "2101343240", "2144328428" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The State of the Discipline of Public Administration: The Future Is Promising", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2553164765", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2012", "title": "american foreign policy is already post partisan", "label": [ "93377909", "44394981", "188888794" ], "author": [ "2515895730", "2101624410", "2667319996" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "American Foreign Policy Is Already Post-Partisan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2201327607", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2012", "title": "ruys tom armed attack and article 51 of the un charter evolutions in customary law and practice lubell noam extraterritorial use of force against non state actors", "label": [ "2776729102", "2776398702", "199539241", "2777596936" ], "author": [ "2666187160" ], "reference": [ "417394085", "1538568899", "1971575366", "2015188090", "2025764531" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ruys, Tom. \"Armed Attack\" and Article 51 of the UN Charter: Evolutions in Customary Law and Practice; Lubell, Noam. Extraterritorial Use of Force Against Non-state Actors", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2164922312", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2012", "title": "democracy promotion empowerment and self determination conflicting objectives in us and german policies towards bolivia", "label": [ "199539241", "2779423641", "148834064", "555826173", "513891491", "17058734", "68346564", "111439079", "20555606" ], "author": [ "2129749326" ], "reference": [ "131947676", "200283296", "1255252537", "1496787347", "1509383136", "1514539700", "1520941532", "1575749045", "1901982587", "1981504759", "1986015278", "2065763900", "2073099922", "2107992979", "2126151400", "2160551229", "2407886673", "2548189157", "2736130982" ], "abstract": "promoting democracy implies fostering political empowerment and self determination although this creates obvious problems for any external policy seeking to change authoritarian regimes mainstream thinking on democratization in the case of post transition countries would predict a somewhat easier task for potential democracy promoters cooperation with the elected government strengthens the democratic regime while democracy assistance that supports institutional capacities and civil society participation simultaneously contributes to the protection and deepening of democracy this article argues that such a view is far too simple in the broad range of normal post transition countries democracy promotion can be confronted with a variety of conflicts of objectives associated with the fact that there is no democracy without some kind of self determination and no process of democratization without some degree of political empowerment the article presents a typology of these conflicts of objectives and", "title_raw": "Democracy promotion, empowerment, and self-determination: conflicting objectives in US and German policies towards Bolivia", "abstract_raw": "Promoting democracy implies fostering political empowerment and self-determination. Although this creates obvious problems for any external policy seeking to change authoritarian regimes, mainstream thinking on democratization in the case of post-transition countries would predict a somewhat easier task for potential democracy promoters: cooperation with the elected government strengthens the democratic regime, while democracy assistance that supports institutional capacities and civil society participation simultaneously contributes to the protection and deepening of democracy. This article argues that such a view is far too simple. In the broad range of \u2018normal\u2019 post-transition countries, democracy promotion can be confronted with a variety of conflicts of objectives associated with the fact that there is no democracy without some kind of self-determination and no process of democratization without some degree of political empowerment. The article presents a typology of these conflicts of objectives and..." }, { "paper": "2133676430", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2012", "title": "we re off to replace the wizard lessons from a collaborative group project assignment", "label": [ "3116431", "2776424047", "2776063143", "82834280" ], "author": [ "2259018059", "2135040847" ], "reference": [ "655492815", "1484434821", "1507634062", "1548607364", "1552552561", "1564027568", "1973683188", "1994814551", "2007216967", "2098453264", "2139577967", "2143090376", "2152849583" ], "abstract": "this article examines the effectiveness of a collaborative group learning project for teaching a core competency in comparative politics constitutional structures we use a quasi experimental design and propensity score matching to assess the value of a constitutional writing group project and presentation the results provide strong evidence that these learning tools are highly valuable for teaching abstract concepts students who participated in the project scored significantly higher on a short series of questions in final exams given several weeks after the completion of the group project somewhat paradoxically the project increased competency but did not affect student self reported interest in the subject matter the challenges and improvements that can be made for the use these types of learning tools concludes the article", "title_raw": "\u201cWe\u2019re Off to Replace the Wizard\u201d: Lessons from a Collaborative Group Project Assignment", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the effectiveness of a collaborative group learning project for teaching a core competency in comparative politics: constitutional structures. We use a quasi-experimental design and propensity score matching to assess the value of a constitutional writing group project and presentation. The results provide strong evidence that these learning tools are highly valuable for teaching abstract concepts. Students who participated in the project scored significantly higher on a short series of questions in final exams given several weeks after the completion of the group project. Somewhat paradoxically, the project increased competency but did not affect student self-reported interest in the subject matter. The challenges and improvements that can be made for the use these types of learning tools concludes the article." }, { "paper": "2977794928", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2012", "title": "the reform trend of doctor of education programs in australia a case study of university of new england", "label": [ "191935318", "3116431", "7991579", "158592959" ], "author": [ "2978004864" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the last two decades has seen the rapid uptake of edd programs in australia which have been almost indistinguishable from the conventional phd model thus there has been considerable criticism of edd to avoid this dilemma some universities in australia began to reform their edd programs among these programs the edd program at university of new england is redesigned under the theoretical framework of the new knowledge production mode and hybrid course model to increase the level collaboration with industry to enhance the utility of the research component of the degree and to move away from heavily academic research towards research more for the professional context which will provide some useful references for the development of edd in china", "title_raw": "The Reform Trend of Doctor of Education Programs in Australia\u2014\u2014A Case Study of University of New England", "abstract_raw": "The last two decades has seen the rapid uptake of EDD programs in Australia,which have been almost indistinguishable from the conventional PHD.model,thus there has been considerable criticism of EDD.To avoid this dilemma,some universities in Australia began to reform their EDD programs.Among these programs,the EDD program at University of New England is redesigned under the theoretical framework of the new knowledge production mode and hybrid course model,to increase the level collaboration with industry,to enhance the utility of the research component of the degree,and to move away from heavily academic research towards research more for the professional context,which will provide some useful references for the development of EDD in China." }, { "paper": "2067774046", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2012", "title": "worse than a monolith alliance politics and problems of coercive diplomacy in asiaby thomas j christensen", "label": [ "557252395", "94625758", "2778431023", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2124770368" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Worse than a Monolith: Alliance Politics and Problems of Coercive Diplomacy in Asiaby Thomas J. Christensen", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2014591064", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2012", "title": "hearing campaign appeals the accountability implications of presidential campaign tone", "label": [ "2776129789", "2776007630", "2781243023", "39549134", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1540479486" ], "reference": [ "28957472", "467526997", "571495565", "603438892", "653029195", "1499269353", "1509890826", "1527482137", "1557675400", "1593204018", "1969126198", "1983221152", "1990216633", "1993707151", "2030398623", "2035472222", "2042133591", "2050689320", "2057580975", "2065768485", "2119085303", "2121811560", "2129028979", "2130649638", "2134990883", "2146024673", "2150047195", "2150660017", "2154573574", "2157979842", "2319274039", "2319951792", "2503645430", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "citizen understanding of candidate priorities is highly consequential for both elections and postelection accountability and is especially key to the office of the presidency i examine the impact of campaign advertising tone on citizen understanding of candidate agendas in the context of the 2000 presidential election merging data on political ads from the wisconsin advertising project with individual survey data i test whether citizens are more likely to accurately hear a positive campaign theme the analysis provides empirical support for this benefit of positivity", "title_raw": "Hearing Campaign Appeals: The Accountability Implications of Presidential Campaign Tone", "abstract_raw": "Citizen understanding of candidate priorities is highly consequential for both elections and postelection accountability and is especially key to the office of the presidency. I examine the impact of campaign advertising tone on citizen understanding of candidate agendas in the context of the 2000 presidential election. Merging data on political ads from the Wisconsin Advertising Project with individual survey data, I test whether citizens are more likely to accurately hear a positive campaign theme. The analysis provides empirical support for this benefit of positivity." }, { "paper": "2101974450", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2012", "title": "rebel interdependencies and civil war outcomes", "label": [ "199539241", "148834064", "81631423", "2778431023", "2780224610", "185874996" ], "author": [ "2638382160" ], "reference": [ "348648336", "1481400424", "1563091572", "1967632854", "1982091601", "2013737776", "2017306240", "2018652299", "2026715125", "2029900240", "2038981426", "2062663664", "2079837934", "2104431072", "2105142552", "2107477466", "2123730160", "2128739258", "2128780047", "2129767024", "2131607071", "2143801717", "2146770930", "2151780178", "2151808187", "2152036088", "2154070668", "2162475812", "2185611512", "2313931814", "2317953442", "2467230065", "2594536731", "2598553948", "3122074090", "3122237999" ], "abstract": "the article investigates how rebel interdependencies shape civil war outcomes the author argues that alliances between rebel groups will have serious repercussions on the management of conflict by examining civil war outcomes between 1946 and 2008 the author shows that the presence of multiple groups alliances among rebels the cumulative capabilities of one s allies as well as the credibility and the durability of alliances shape war outcomes rebels have the means to avoid government defeat and continue conflict when the number of rebel groups the government has to confront simultaneously is high or when these groups cooperate against their common enemy findings show that while termination by peace agreement is unlikely for allied rebels specifically for those that have enduring relationships rebels with access to high levels of ally capabilities along with those who have credible alliance ties are likely to be the victors of war", "title_raw": "Rebel Interdependencies and Civil War Outcomes", "abstract_raw": "The article investigates how rebel interdependencies shape civil war outcomes. The author argues that alliances between rebel groups will have serious repercussions on the management of conflict. By examining civil war outcomes between 1946 and 2008, the author shows that the presence of multiple groups, alliances among rebels, the cumulative capabilities of one\u2019s allies as well as the credibility and the durability of alliances shape war outcomes. Rebels have the means to avoid government defeat and continue conflict when the number of rebel groups the government has to confront simultaneously is high or when these groups cooperate against their common enemy. Findings show that while termination by peace agreement is unlikely for allied rebels, specifically for those that have enduring relationships, rebels with access to high levels of ally capabilities along with those who have credible alliance ties are likely to be the victors of war." }, { "paper": "2006431894", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2012", "title": "national versus european party control over members of the european parliament", "label": [ "2778418104", "2781440851", "199539241", "520049643", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2263582007" ], "reference": [ "23189777", "30384937", "51618435", "164275289", "187910955", "193276848", "425474497", "574205338", "608348621", "620916766", "1572634385", "1607858544", "1885479328", "1967260171", "1967502936", "1972773943", "1973785911", "1975911597", "1991253038", "1992503224", "1993452298", "2000834367", "2002717544", "2006118088", "2017750072", "2022312374", "2040454791", "2046500494", "2049278911", "2054026406", "2062403243", "2072529358", "2078812239", "2094678909", "2095550912", "2125837162", "2125908986", "2131987692", "2134631143", "2160939392", "2165690415", "2167579925", "2171591000", "2171804879", "2186803238", "2231528494", "2259484936", "2318581132", "2478852511", "2503230517", "2506672329", "3124060296" ], "abstract": "this article examines different strategies of national governmental parties to influence their members of the european parliament meps posing the following questions do national parties try to control voting behaviour of their meps and do control mechanisms enhance the probability that an mep toes a national party line rather than following his or her european party group the analysis reveals differences between individual parties indicating that at least some national parties actively attempt to control their meps furthermore the article evaluates the success of the various approaches taking compliance with the position of the minister in the council as a benchmark the results show that the overall effect of control mechanisms remains small instead of toeing the line of their national party s minister meps tend to vote with their european group", "title_raw": "National versus European: Party Control over Members of the European Parliament", "abstract_raw": "This article examines different strategies of national governmental parties to influence \u2018their\u2019 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), posing the following questions: Do national parties try to control voting behaviour of their MEPs? And do control mechanisms enhance the probability that an MEP toes a national party line rather than following his or her European party group? The analysis reveals differences between individual parties, indicating that at least some national parties actively attempt to control their MEPs. Furthermore, the article evaluates the success of the various approaches, taking compliance with the position of the minister in the Council as a benchmark. The results show that the overall effect of control mechanisms remains small. Instead of toeing the line of their national party's minister, MEPs tend to vote with their European group." }, { "paper": "2005245908", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2012", "title": "when we launched the government s agenda aid agencies and local politics in urban africa", "label": [ "136810230", "2780668109", "19185018", "185656870", "2778719706", "2777874013", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2139928290" ], "reference": [ "564537072", "616571464", "620912884", "623719069", "637614172", "645504413", "1510697620", "1517064459", "1577489325", "1583867420", "1588591565", "1596967910", "1817253668", "1923686728", "1965062495", "1989550709", "2000731883", "2016013214", "2017801763", "2019333847", "2019755303", "2025029734", "2037818241", "2045089097", "2046856157", "2054191280", "2061882582", "2062670900", "2064752651", "2064940552", "2067418832", "2071287281", "2077821658", "2079034062", "2081918259", "2088225846", "2089337238", "2090290351", "2103418690", "2114080797", "2116179024", "2126715865", "2145319125", "2148051361", "2320677944", "2489902232", "2494662441", "2797535537", "2802402771", "2987221791", "3151637080" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "'When we launched the government's agenda\u2026': aid agencies and local politics in urban Africa", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2102503215", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2012", "title": "government and politics in taiwan dafydd fell london and new york routledge 2011 xvii 276 pp 23 99 isbn 978 0 415 57542 3", "label": [ "94625758", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2136179155" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Government and Politics in Taiwan . Dafydd Fell . London and New York: Routledge, 2011. xvii + 276 pp. \u00a323.99. ISBN 978-0-415-57542-3", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2041917540", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2012", "title": "publishing reviews turn facts into understanding", "label": [ "151719136" ], "author": [ "2087190859" ], "reference": [ "2159509177" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Publishing: Reviews turn facts into understanding.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2107292640", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2012", "title": "the big fish won t fry themselves criminal accountability for post election violence in kenya", "label": [ "2777162435", "2779621654", "199539241", "2780224667", "2776007630" ], "author": [ "2313025024", "2597838610" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "THE BIG FISH WON'T FRY THEMSELVES: CRIMINAL ACCOUNTABILITY FOR POST-ELECTION VIOLENCE IN KENYA", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2017566625", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2012", "title": "shaping the zeitgeist influencing social processes as the center of gravity for strategic communications in the twenty first century", "label": [ "2779220109", "93377909", "206836424", "528167355", "39549134", "190136086" ], "author": [ "2224508091", "2491083809" ], "reference": [ "618641583", "633761325", "643763793", "1530669279", "1547958785", "1573326176", "1594233936", "1963949534", "1978246972", "2022778969", "2023116690", "2072069831", "2114371670", "2125377513", "2297429187", "2345825072", "2611634515", "2753533763", "2890356930", "2969323191", "3206104665" ], "abstract": "abstract we face new dynamics in the world new problems dynamics of social change and the social construction of reality lie at the root of both contemporary security problems and of a clear understanding of the role of strategic communications in resolving them success in the current environment is not defined by military victory but by building peaceful social orders and defeating opponents in the psychological and sociological domain to understand the role of strategic communications in this new security environment requires an alternative paradigm of sufficient coherence to replace or supplement the traditional state centered security paradigm we argue that using social change as an alternative paradigm framed around the theoretical vocabulary of the social construction of reality generates insights into the role of strategic communications in supporting foreign policy and national security objectives these are explored in eight lessons learned from our experience of implementing communications for social change in conflict environments", "title_raw": "Shaping the zeitgeist: Influencing social processes as the center of gravity for strategic communications in the twenty-first century", "abstract_raw": "Abstract We face new dynamics in the world, new problems. Dynamics of social change and the social construction of reality lie at the root of both contemporary security problems and of a clear understanding of the role of strategic communications in resolving them. Success in the current environment is not defined by military victory but by building peaceful social orders, and defeating opponents in the psychological and sociological domain. To understand the role of strategic communications in this new security environment requires an alternative paradigm of sufficient coherence to replace, or supplement, the traditional state-centered security paradigm. We argue that using social change as an alternative paradigm, framed around the theoretical vocabulary of the social construction of reality, generates insights into the role of strategic communications in supporting foreign policy and national security objectives. These are explored in eight lessons learned from our experience of implementing communications for social change in conflict environments." }, { "paper": "196839507", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2012", "title": "al jedda v united kingdom", "label": [ "169437150", "199539241" ], "author": [ "246419385" ], "reference": [ "198623733", "1989816240", "2209400074", "3125143341", "3125946648" ], "abstract": "european court of human rights grand chamber judgment regarding detention of iraqi citizen by uk armed forces", "title_raw": "Al-Jedda v. United Kingdom", "abstract_raw": "European Court of Human Rights Grand Chamber judgment regarding detention of Iraqi citizen by UK armed forces" }, { "paper": "2007778165", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2012", "title": "a threat to national security", "label": [ "2776398702", "528167355", "46355384", "3116431", "94625758", "148834064", "555826173", "2777111884" ], "author": [ "1892496326" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "figure 1 credit liz lynch the united states faces one of the most perilous conditions that i can remember in my professional life the greatest threat we face today is not external but internal our inability as a nation to reach a durable consensus on plans that match our national goals with our financial resources is in my judgment the greatest national security risk i distinguish here between national security capital n and s and lower case national security the latter refers to military capabilities the size of our army the effectiveness of our weapons the quality of military training the deployment and pace of operations and so forth that is lower case national security to which i have devoted most of my professional career capital letter national security concerns the vitality of our economy the ability to generate new ideas the consensus in society to carry burdens for national purposes and conviction in the legitimacy of our political foundation and its institutions the budget deficits we now face are a threat to both dimensions of national security most immediately the united states faces the threat of sequester a mindless process that represents the default of responsibility by u s politicians if the sequester is triggered it will impose damaging cuts on our defense establishment and programs it also will impose crippling cuts on domestic spending to include federal support for the nation s science and engineering research and development system serious as these are the fundamental threat to national security lies elsewhere in our inability to find common purpose on an obvious problem each political party is proposing to solve the fiscal imbalance only in a manner that satisfies its base constituencies this will fail the problem is so vast that it demands a broad based consensus and that can come only with compromise figure 1 credit istockphoto com we have a chart to navigate these waters president obama asked congress to create a national commission chaired by former senator alan simpson and former white house chief of staff erskine bowles to find a solution to this problem this bipartisan effort produced in 2010 a plan that would set the united states on a healthy path over the next 10 years at its core is a fundamental compromise the plan calls for cutting 3 of spending for every 1 of new taxes the cuts will primarily be required in entitlements especially social security and medicare the american public will support a plan that affects their lives if it is efficacious and fair americans know that we have a serious problem but they have yet to hear either party present plans that meet the fairness test simpson bowles gives the nation such a plan but the united states lacks politicians with the maturity and sense of responsibility to enact it sadly republican and democratic leaders have landed on identical strategies to win the next election anger their respective bases so fundamentally that they come out to vote against the other candidate this may be clever politics but it is deeply flawed national leadership both political parties through their behavior are threatening national security it goes far beyond the immediate sequester issue our fiscal imbalance threatens federal support for the research and development needed to seed future innovation sovereign creditworthiness support for education the refreshment of talent in government service and much more this is a gigantic threat to national security ultimately the burden rests with the citizens of the united states because they must solve this problem our politicians will continue to disappoint us until we demand that they meet a higher standard it is the voters who elect national leaders who are responsible for this sad state every american needs to demand that the two political parties find a genuine compromise our national security demands it 1 pending yes", "title_raw": "A threat to national security.", "abstract_raw": "![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: LIZ LYNCH\n\nThe United States faces one of the most perilous conditions that I can remember in my professional life. The greatest threat we face today is not external, but internal. Our inability as a nation to reach a durable consensus on plans that match our national goals with our financial resources is, in my judgment, the greatest National Security risk.\n\nI distinguish here between National Security (capital N and S) and lower-case national security. The latter refers to military capabilities, the size of our army, the effectiveness of our weapons, the quality of military training, the deployment and pace of operations, and so forth. That is lower-case national security, to which I have devoted most of my professional career. Capital-letter National Security concerns the vitality of our economy, the ability to generate new ideas, the consensus in society to carry burdens for national purposes, and conviction in the legitimacy of our political foundation and its institutions.\n\nThe budget deficits we now face are a threat to both dimensions of national security. Most immediately, the United States faces the threat of sequester\u2014a mindless process that represents the default of responsibility by U.S. politicians. If the sequester is triggered, it will impose damaging cuts on our defense establishment and programs. It also will impose crippling cuts on domestic spending, to include federal support for the nation's science and engineering research and development system. Serious as these are, the fundamental threat to National Security lies elsewhere: in our inability to find common purpose on an obvious problem. Each political party is proposing to solve the fiscal imbalance only in a manner that satisfies its base constituencies. This will fail. The problem is so vast that it demands a broad-based consensus, and that can come only with compromise.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: ISTOCKPHOTO.COM\n\nWe have a chart to navigate these waters. President Obama asked Congress to create a national commission\u2014chaired by former Senator Alan Simpson and former White House Chief of Staff Erskine Bowles\u2014to find a solution to this problem. This bipartisan effort produced in 2010 a plan that would set the United States on a healthy path over the next 10 years. At its core is a fundamental compromise: The plan calls for cutting $3 of spending for every $1 of new taxes. The cuts will primarily be required in entitlements, especially Social Security and Medicare. The American public will support a plan that affects their lives if it is efficacious and fair. Americans know that we have a serious problem, but they have yet to hear either party present plans that meet the fairness test. Simpson-Bowles gives the nation such a plan. But the United States lacks politicians with the maturity and sense of responsibility to enact it.\n\nSadly, Republican and Democratic leaders have landed on identical strategies to win the next election: anger their respective bases so fundamentally that they come out to vote against the other candidate. This may be clever politics, but it is deeply flawed national leadership. Both political parties, through their behavior, are threatening National Security. It goes far beyond the immediate sequester issue. Our fiscal imbalance threatens federal support for the research and development needed to seed future innovation, sovereign creditworthiness, support for education, the refreshment of talent in government service, and much more. This is a gigantic threat to National Security.\n\nUltimately, the burden rests with the citizens of the United States, because they must solve this problem. Our politicians will continue to disappoint us until we demand that they meet a higher standard. It is the voters who elect national leaders who are responsible for this sad state. Every American needs to demand that the two political parties find a genuine compromise. Our National Security demands it.\n\n [1]: pending:yes" }, { "paper": "2026289009", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2012", "title": "cultural transformations after communism central and eastern europe in focus", "label": [ "542948173" ], "author": [ "2050444298" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Cultural Transformations after Communism: Central and Eastern Europe in Focus", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2047638784", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2012", "title": "ss germany s federal election in september 2009 elections in times of duress introduction", "label": [ "3116431", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2276811328", "2115153797" ], "reference": [ "2013830632", "2047251343", "2329103711" ], "abstract": "this paper introduces the special symposium it provides 1 an overview of the broad campaign themes 2 introduces several questions pertinent to german electoral politics 3 highlights the broader theoretical implications of this symposium for the research literature", "title_raw": "SS: Germany's federal election in september 2009: Elections in times of duress - Introduction", "abstract_raw": "This paper introduces the special symposium. It provides (1) an overview of the broad campaign themes; (2) introduces several questions pertinent to German electoral politics; (3) highlights the broader theoretical implications of this symposium for the research literature." }, { "paper": "2111070854", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2013", "title": "negotiating china reinserting african agency into china africa relations", "label": [ "94625758", "2776398702", "34355311", "199776023", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2199763519", "2141003343" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "most analyses of china s renewed engagement with africa treat china as the driving force and little recognition is given to the role of african agency especially beyond the level of state elites this article investigates the extent of african agency in engagements with china and argues that at various levels african actors have negotiated shaped and even driven chinese engagements in important ways suggesting a theoretical framework that captures agency both within and beyond the state the article provides an empirical analysis of african agency first by showing how elements of the angolan state created a hybrid set of institutions to broker chinese investment projects and second by discussing how african social actors have influenced and derived benefits from the activities of chinese migrants in ghana and nigeria while both cases demonstrate african agency the ability of african actors to exercise such agency is highly uneven placing african politics at the heart of any understanding of china africa relations", "title_raw": "Negotiating China: Reinserting African agency into China\u2013Africa relations", "abstract_raw": "Most analyses of China\u2019s renewed engagement with Africa treat China as the driving force, and little recognition is given to the role of African agency, especially beyond the level of state elites. This article investigates the extent of African agency in engagements with China and argues that at various levels African actors have negotiated, shaped, and even driven Chinese engagements in important ways. Suggesting a theoretical framework that captures agency both within and beyond the state, the article provides an empirical analysis of African agency first by showing how elements of the Angolan state created a hybrid set of institutions to broker Chinese investment projects, and second by discussing how African social actors have influenced and derived benefits from the activities of Chinese migrants in Ghana and Nigeria. While both cases demonstrate African agency, the ability of African actors to exercise such agency is highly uneven, placing African politics at the heart of any understanding of China\u2013Africa relations." }, { "paper": "1584954427", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2013", "title": "when the state speaks what should it say how democracies can protect expression and promote equality by corey brettschneider princeton nj princeton university press 2012 232 pp 35 00", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2575941504" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "When the State Speaks, What Should It Say? How Democracies Can Protect Expression and Promote Equality by Corey Brettschneider. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2012. 232 pp. $35.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2334843441", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2013", "title": "an integrated approach to public diplomacy", "label": [ "2779714988", "3116431" ], "author": [ "1528721017" ], "reference": [ "641060341", "1592922617", "1993671582", "2009342338", "2019309259", "2068209698", "2071242532", "2071905912", "2114608955", "2143592917", "2143875151", "2330166462", "2330593204", "2335643077" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "An Integrated Approach to Public Diplomacy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2115425731", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2013", "title": "paradiplomats against the state explaining conflict in state and substate interest representation in brussels", "label": [ "199539241", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2058269617" ], "reference": [ "560988255", "564422087", "566944316", "1502798522", "1965670326", "1973559268", "1981457167", "1994001414", "1999102368", "2007127862", "2009952390", "2021857918", "2022814189", "2024837804", "2030150779", "2036647945", "2037379026", "2041284287", "2043892100", "2047260464", "2049242174", "2051863715", "2068099147", "2070912907", "2074901493", "2084740871", "2085843541", "2096890694", "2099165877", "2103976961", "2116037801", "2119187123", "2127057110", "2132523251", "2135409175", "2138277893", "2144360254", "2145863110", "2146546622", "2172109807", "2172146192", "3139874422" ], "abstract": "literature on substate mobilization in europe has provided some useful insights into the factors and mechanisms shaping territorial interest representation in brussels although recent studies have", "title_raw": "Paradiplomats Against the State Explaining Conflict in State and Substate Interest Representation in Brussels", "abstract_raw": "Literature on substate mobilization in Europe has provided some useful insights into the factors and mechanisms shaping territorial interest representation in Brussels. Although recent studies have..." }, { "paper": "3121704525", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2013", "title": "social identification and ethnic conflict", "label": [ "94625758", "137403100", "125505783", "2777593458" ], "author": [ "1980362249", "1545837305" ], "reference": [ "6425832", "42964900", "122421597", "131462109", "199431366", "208135703", "389713538", "410387239", "421391543", "430547760", "589549350", "595256324", "600556432", "601488778", "601677797", "602951290", "603184978", "630727849", "1484647988", "1494662639", "1505185041", "1506532709", "1511118900", "1519787352", "1520268679", "1531857622", "1537646239", "1543606042", "1550123884", "1575453694", "1583943827", "1744167835", "1796264214", "1965667500", "1969679372", "1969977871", "1975264861", "1976419325", "1978493498", "1981183640", "1985717007", "1987785531", "1988117051", "1989642217", "1991875619", "1992281387", "1995092846", "2006712900", "2010411707", "2011736632", "2013750961", "2014365723", "2014740020", "2014820827", "2023485881", "2036203657", "2038632399", "2044739622", "2047060383", "2047156377", "2060637692", "2068755438", "2080360912", "2080908841", "2082300108", "2082652286", "2083893187", "2085295324", "2086067004", "2088140552", "2090636301", "2092795476", "2095349812", "2098501785", "2100164282", "2102888986", "2103338735", "2105416454", "2109627869", "2113517125", "2118848844", "2119655503", "2128869678", "2129405719", "2131830082", "2132089731", "2133229155", "2133994318", "2142243724", "2143065056", "2144626399", "2147039585", "2147602649", "2147913987", "2148046232", "2148334637", "2150151126", "2150717541", "2151208029", "2151780178", "2156170855", "2164309548", "2165060880", "2166061111", "2168402238", "2224939552", "2241105155", "2265157113", "2324440273", "2333719906", "2492815822", "2513193132", "2798184150", "3020980020", "3121311022", "3122074090", "3122343750", "3122986715", "3124260072", "3125178908", "3145256482", "3203668680" ], "abstract": "when do ethnic cleavages increase the risk of conflict under what conditions is a strong common identity likely to emerge thereby reducing that risk how are patterns of social identification shaped by conflict we draw on empirical results regarding the nature and determinants of group identification to develop a simple model that addresses these questions the model highlights the possibility of vicious and virtuous cycles where conflict and identification patterns reinforce each other it also shows how processes of ethnic identification amplify the importance of political institutions and traces the effects of national status and perceived differences across ethnic groups finally we demonstrate how a small but sufficiently potent group of ethnic radicals can derail a peaceful equilibrium leading to the polarization of the entire population we reexamine several historical cases as well as empirical correlates of civil wars in light of these results", "title_raw": "Social Identification and Ethnic Conflict", "abstract_raw": "When do ethnic cleavages increase the risk of conflict? Under what conditions is a strong common identity likely to emerge, thereby reducing that risk? How are patterns of social identification shaped by conflict? We draw on empirical results regarding the nature and determinants of group identification to develop a simple model that addresses these questions. The model highlights the possibility of vicious and virtuous cycles where conflict and identification patterns reinforce each other. It also shows how processes of ethnic identification amplify the importance of political institutions and traces the effects of national status and perceived differences across ethnic groups. Finally, we demonstrate how a small but sufficiently potent group of ethnic radicals can derail a peaceful equilibrium, leading to the polarization of the entire population. We reexamine several historical cases as well as empirical correlates of civil wars in light of these results." }, { "paper": "1992263018", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2013", "title": "revisiting the concept of the failed state bringing the state back in", "label": [ "2776398702", "44725695", "199539241", "2777054862" ], "author": [ "1987215098", "2569116546" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "abstract the policy and donor communities have placed great importance on fixing failed states world leaders have cited failed states as one of the greatest threats to the global community nevertheless the concept of the failed state is currently subject to a backlash from the academic community scholars have criticised the failed states literature on theoretical normative empirical and practical grounds we provide a brief overview of these main concerns and offer a more systematic method for measuring state failure coming up with better ways of assessing how states underperform will enhance our understanding of how institutional decay affects stability and development and most importantly will provide an improved system of early warning for practitioners", "title_raw": "Revisiting the Concept of the Failed State: bringing the state back in", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The policy and donor communities have placed great importance on fixing \u2018failed states\u2019. World leaders have cited failed states as one of the greatest threats to the global community. Nevertheless the concept of the failed state is currently subject to a backlash from the academic community. Scholars have criticised the failed states literature on theoretical, normative, empirical and practical grounds. We provide a brief overview of these main concerns and offer a more systematic method for measuring \u2018state failure\u2019. Coming up with better ways of assessing how states underperform will enhance our understanding of how institutional decay affects stability and development and, most importantly, will provide an improved system of early warning for practitioners." }, { "paper": "3121549447", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2013", "title": "an implausible standard for affirmative defenses", "label": [ "2780838233", "2779913896", "2781165058", "2778272461", "2780928512", "2780858371", "2777636121", "97460637" ], "author": [ "2345886326" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in the wake of bell atlantic corp v twombly and ashcroftv iqbal the federal district courts split over whether to apply twombly s plausibility standard to the pleading of affirmative defenses initially a majority of district courts extended twombly to defense pleadings but recently the courts that have declined to extend the plausibility standard have gained majority status this note provides a comprehensive analysis of each side of the plausibility split identifying several hidden assumptions motivating the district courts decisions drawing from its analysis of the two opposing positions this note responds to the courts that have applied plausibility pleading to affirmative defenses by identifying several fundamental flaws in their appeals to tradition policy and the text of rule 8 due to misguided reliance on historical pleading practices an imprecise reading of twombly and an overestimation of the availability of discovery for unpled or stricken affirmative defenses these courts fail to recognize that extending plausibility pleading beyond the complaint imposes an asymmetrical and unfairly onerous burden on defendants this note concludes that the courts that extend twombly to affirmative defenses do so in violation of both the canons of statutory construction and the principles of the rules enabling act introductionmore than one hundred federal cases have contemplated whether the plausibility standard outlined in bell atlantic corp v twombly1 and ashcroftv iqbal2 applies to affirmative defenses 3 yet the districts remain divided and no court of appeals has yet addressed the issue 4 this division stems from the fact that the supreme court s three most important interpretations of rule 8 of the federal rules of civil procedure5 have focused exclusively on rule 8 a 2 providing relative clarity in the pleading of complaints but no explicit guidance with regard to affirmative defenses for the fifty years leading up to twombly the federal courts relied on the liberal notice pleading standards outlined in conley v gibson 6 which held with reference to rule 8 a 2 that all the rules require is a short and plain statement of the claim that will give the defendant fair notice of what the plaintiff s claim is and the grounds upon which it rests 7 conley directed that a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiffcan prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief 8 when the court reinterpreted conley s notice pleading standard half a century later in twombly it once again focused exclusively on rule 8 a 2 9 explaining that to sho w the pleader is entitled to relief 10 the plaintiffmust plead sufficient factual matter to show a claim is plausible on its face 11 two years later when iqbal made it clear that twombly s plausibility standard extends to all civil complaints 12 the court similarly restricted its holding to an interpretation of rule 8 a 2 13while twombly and iqbal have given rise to a deluge 14 of academic commentary addressing the merits of plausibility pleading and the history of rule 8 in general 15 this note addresses these cases solely as they relate to the pleading standard applicable to affirmative defenses conley twombly and iqbal do not mention rule 8 c which governs affirmative defenses 16 all three decisions focus on the sufficiency of a complaint as opposed to an answer or a defense and the court has never explicitly applied twombly s plausibility standard to pleadings beyond the complaint in any other case 17despite the lack of direct guidance from the court on whether to extend plausibility pleading beyond rule 8 a 2 many of the initial district court decisions on this issue found that the heightened pleading standard announced in twombly and iqbal does apply to affirmative defenses 18 the rationales outlined by both courts and scholars to justify such an extension have been exceptionally uniform", "title_raw": "An Implausible Standard for Affirmative Defenses", "abstract_raw": "In the wake of Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly and Ashcroftv. Iqbal, the federal district courts split over whether to apply Twombly's plausibility standard to the pleading of affirmative defenses. Initially, a majority of district courts extended Twombly to defense pleadings, but recently the courts that have declined to extend the plausibility standard have gained majority status. This Note provides a comprehensive analysis of each side of the plausibility split, identifying several hidden assumptions motivating the district courts' decisions. Drawing from its analysis of the two opposing positions, this Note responds to the courts that have applied plausibility pleading to affirmative defenses by identifying several fundamental flaws in their appeals to tradition, policy, and the text of Rule 8. Due to misguided reliance on historical pleading practices, an imprecise reading of Twombly, and an overestimation of the availability of discovery for unpled or stricken affirmative defenses, these courts fail to recognize that extending plausibility pleading beyond the complaint imposes an asymmetrical and unfairly onerous burden on defendants. This Note concludes that the courts that extend Twombly to affirmative defenses do so in violation of both the canons of statutory construction and the principles of the Rules Enabling Act.IntroductionMore than one hundred federal cases have contemplated whether the plausibility standard outlined in Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly1 and Ashcroftv. Iqbal2 applies to affirmative defenses,3 yet the districts remain divided, and no court of appeals has yet addressed the issue.4 This division stems from the fact that the Supreme Court's three most important interpretations of Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure5 have focused exclusively on Rule 8(a)(2), providing relative clarity in the pleading of complaints but no explicit guidance with regard to affirmative defenses.For the fifty years leading up to Twombly, the federal courts relied on the liberal notice pleading standards outlined in Conley v. Gibson,6 which held with reference to Rule 8(a)(2) that \"all the Rules require is 'a short and plain statement of the claim' that will give the defendant fair notice of what the plaintiff's claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.\"7 Conley directed \"that a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiffcan prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief.\"8 When the Court reinterpreted Conley's \"notice pleading\" standard half a century later in Twombly, it once again focused exclusively on Rule 8(a)(2),9 explaining that to \"sho[w] the pleader is entitled to relief,\"10 the plaintiffmust plead sufficient factual matter to show a claim is \"plausible on its face.\"11 Two years later, when Iqbal made it clear that Twombly's plausibility standard extends \"to all civil complaints,\"12 the Court similarly restricted its holding to an interpretation of Rule 8(a)(2).13While Twombly and Iqbal have given rise to a \"deluge\"14 of academic commentary addressing the merits of plausibility pleading and the history of Rule 8 in general,15 this Note addresses these cases solely as they relate to the pleading standard applicable to affirmative defenses. Conley, Twombly, and Iqbal do not mention Rule 8(c), which governs affirmative defenses.16 All three decisions focus on the sufficiency of a complaint, as opposed to an answer or a defense, and the Court has never explicitly applied Twombly's plausibility standard to pleadings beyond the complaint in any other case.17Despite the lack of direct guidance from the Court on whether to extend plausibility pleading beyond Rule 8(a)(2), many of the initial district court decisions on this issue \"found that the heightened pleading standard announced in Twombly and Iqbal does apply to affirmative defenses.\"18 The rationales outlined by both courts and scholars to justify such an extension have been exceptionally uniform. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2065102328", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2013", "title": "right criteria for academia in bosnia and herzegovina", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "1124736456" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Right criteria for academia in Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3121369261", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2013", "title": "the illiberal trading state liberal systemic theory and the mechanism of socialization", "label": [ "2776153805", "2776398702", "555826173", "514928085" ], "author": [ "2024708985" ], "reference": [ "1552710049", "1592076725", "1970932621", "1982727021", "2007889334", "2011885597", "2026255272", "2034614426", "2047849440", "2052251804", "2054191314", "2065567396", "2083633156", "2095465034", "2099531070", "2112329845", "2116485711", "2118381486", "2123782701", "2132656124", "2132679435", "2139215175", "2149732787", "2159691769", "2164304100", "2168717639", "2327895307" ], "abstract": "liberal systemic theory is built on the assumption that the system s dominant configuration is a kantian confederation of major powers in addition to being a democratic cluster the liberal core is also a capitalist club this article pushes systemic and socialization theory forward by introducing the mechanism of economic competition as an important driver of socialization the article develops a theory of system level competition arguing that it is a distinct and co equal mechanism of socialization to the established mechanisms of persuasion inducement and coercion the article proposes a three staged model of socialization that explains how prominent rising powers such as turkey india brazil and china are being socialized into the liberal system at the first phase competitive pressure outsiders are led to orient themselves toward the core out of a fear of falling behind and a desire to access network benefits at the second phase rushing outsiders behave in pro norm ways and make significan", "title_raw": "The illiberal trading state: Liberal systemic theory and the mechanism of socialization", "abstract_raw": "Liberal systemic theory is built on the assumption that the system\u2019s dominant configuration is a Kantian confederation of major powers. In addition to being a democratic cluster, the liberal core is also a capitalist club. This article pushes systemic and socialization theory forward by introducing the mechanism of economic competition as an important driver of socialization. The article develops a theory of system-level competition, arguing that it is a distinct and co-equal mechanism of socialization to the established mechanisms of persuasion, inducement, and coercion. The article proposes a three-staged model of socialization that explains how prominent rising powers such as Turkey, India, Brazil, and China are being socialized into the liberal system. At the first phase, competitive pressure, outsiders are led to orient themselves toward the core out of a fear of falling behind and a desire to access network benefits. At the second phase, rushing, outsiders behave in pro-norm ways and make significan..." }, { "paper": "2542138455", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "the limits of counterinsurgency doctrine in afghanistan", "label": [ "199539241", "2776211767", "451841" ], "author": [ "2704237143" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Limits of Counterinsurgency Doctrine in Afghanistan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2095605739", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2013", "title": "watching from afar media consumption patterns around the arab spring", "label": [ "2778660142", "99574664", "123108692", "558299567", "3651065", "502529886" ], "author": [ "2140010002", "2111603942", "2079431213", "2155722974", "2137338326", "2959673535" ], "reference": [ "7348303", "142345412", "339285992", "618228702", "1438556862", "1491197778", "1537899367", "1561432674", "1580073421", "1826319128", "1918495485", "1968824304", "1973747898", "1995627016", "2000604711", "2015628539", "2031345431", "2079643502", "2083729314", "2084285890", "2095065410", "2103218983", "2107698947", "2112184788", "2112896229", "2121993559", "2132282266", "2136407110", "2137481243", "2140773972", "2152284345", "2154156822", "2154908036", "2160208583", "2171194074", "2184180660", "2245069131", "2291323518", "2307202692", "2310234675", "2337959196", "2362926357", "2415875094", "2523007644", "2611634515", "2893851057", "2908269973", "3110482677", "3123172907", "3143343703" ], "abstract": "uses of new media in the context of the arab spring have attracted scholarly attention from a wide array of disciplines amid the anecdotes and speculation most of the available empirical research in this area has examined how new media have enabled participants and spectators to produce and circulate protest related content in contrast the current study investigates patterns of consumption of arab spring related content using a unique data set constructed by combining archived twitter content with metadata drawn from the url shortening service bit ly this data set allows us to explore two critical research questions first were links posted to twitter among other platforms followed primarily by individuals inside the affected country within the broader middle east and north africa mena region or by those outside the region and country and second who attracted more attention online protesters and other nonelite citizens or traditional news organizations our findings suggest that the vast majority of attention to arab spring content came from outside of the mena region and furthermore that mass media rather than citizen media overwhelmingly held the world s attention during the protests we thus conclude that twitter was broadly useful as an information channel for non mena onlookers but less so for protesters on the ground", "title_raw": "Watching From Afar : Media Consumption Patterns Around the Arab Spring", "abstract_raw": "Uses of new media in the context of the Arab Spring have attracted scholarly attention from a wide array of disciplines. Amid the anecdotes and speculation, most of the available empirical research in this area has examined how new media have enabled participants and spectators to produce and circulate protest-related content. In contrast, the current study investigates patterns of consumption of Arab Spring- related content using a unique data set constructed by combining archived Twitter content with metadata drawn from the URL shortening service Bit.ly. This data set allows us to explore two critical research questions: First, were links posted to Twitter (among other platforms) followed primarily by individuals inside the affected country, within the broader Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region or by those outside the region and country? And second, who attracted more attention online: protesters and other nonelite citizens or traditional news organizations? Our findings suggest that the vast majority of attention to Arab Spring content came from outside of the MENA region and, furthermore, that mass media, rather than citizen media, overwhelmingly held the world's attention during the protests. We thus conclude that Twitter was broadly useful as an information channel for non-MENA onlookers but less so for protesters on the ground." }, { "paper": "1964620112", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2013", "title": "book review capital coercion and post communist states by g easter", "label": [ "199539241", "2776153805" ], "author": [ "2554767677" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Capital, Coercion, and Post-Communist States, by G. Easter", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2803545045", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2013", "title": "why protect religious freedom", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2131543624" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Why Protect Religious Freedom", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2134591775", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2013", "title": "how regions assemble in brussels the organizational form of territorial representation in the european union", "label": [ "39549134", "94625758", "2781316041", "3116431", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "184983794", "1928297767" ], "reference": [ "103222425", "208355281", "596641540", "616062337", "622915976", "793497710", "1536681797", "1569193725", "1575326453", "1970174000", "1986760411", "1993252067", "1998095444", "1999102368", "2000821669", "2002316709", "2003893696", "2006727001", "2007102278", "2008295933", "2015555866", "2015983526", "2016382728", "2025762452", "2036647945", "2037379026", "2040938130", "2043892100", "2057489497", "2061980801", "2065390394", "2071644934", "2074901493", "2084520767", "2085843541", "2095303657", "2100370123", "2103976961", "2113253256", "2115434991", "2116037801", "2119187123", "2119255002", "2120946983", "2138011222", "2139942600", "2154312250", "2161127984", "2161277294", "2216195799", "2318553373", "2326061582", "2485568861", "2490847554", "2497744048", "2734484014", "2796225030", "2890373521", "3084236588" ], "abstract": "subnational authorities snas are increasingly mobilized at the european level and much research has been conducted on the liaison offices that represent these substate jurisdictions yet liaison offices are only one of the available organizational forms snas rely on in brussels in this article we investigate multiple organizational forms such as trans regional associations and national associations and how regional entities combine them this broader perspective leads to the conclusion that the scope and diversity of eu level territorial mobilization is much more extensive than liaison offices only however resource full snas snas benefiting from a high level of self rule or snas harboring regionalist political parties are comparatively much more active in establishing liaison offices and occupy a prominent position in various trans regional associations", "title_raw": "How Regions Assemble in Brussels: The Organizational Form of Territorial Representation in the European Union", "abstract_raw": "Subnational authorities (SNAs) are increasingly mobilized at the European level and much research has been conducted on the liaison offices that represent these substate jurisdictions. Yet liaison offices are only one of the available organizational forms SNAs rely on in Brussels. In this article we investigate multiple organizational forms\u2014such as trans-regional associations and national associations\u2014and how regional entities combine them. This broader perspective leads to the conclusion that the scope and diversity of EU-level territorial mobilization is much more extensive than liaison offices only. However, resource-full SNAs, SNAs benefiting from a high level of self-rule, or SNAs harboring regionalist political parties are comparatively much more active in establishing liaison offices and occupy a prominent position in various trans-regional associations." }, { "paper": "2554445622", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "israel steps into syria", "label": [ "2777095168" ], "author": [ "2606549217" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Israel Steps Into Syria", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2002694352", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2013", "title": "consistency and diversity the eu s rotating trio council presidency after the lisbon treaty", "label": [ "2779670255", "2778663192", "2779010840", "3116431", "2781243023", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "1686205343", "109033716" ], "reference": [ "201704145", "617720979", "646088345", "653231468", "1544476761", "1987569832", "1998169828", "2022132032", "2049463971", "2054806335", "2058549075", "2063516141", "2066274900", "2066426875", "2072274113", "2089015291", "2126533387", "2130316964", "2158391559", "2312890154", "2577073177", "2795921594" ], "abstract": "the lisbon treaty introduced significant changes to the presidency of the council of the european union eu the new treaty combines a permanent chair with the principle of rotation based on three member states collaborating during an 18 month period without specifying the responsibilities of trio groups this left wide scope for the first post lisbon trio to establish new working mechanisms by discussing the joint presidency of spain belgium and hungary this article interprets the trio model and its combination with the permanent chair model as an attempt to re adjust the balance between consistency and diversity rotation remains a key instrument for ensuring the representation of the diversity of member states in an enlarged union at the same time the eu s ever more complex policy agenda and a greater need for collective leadership motivate the search for new forms of co operation to enhance policy consistency over consecutive presidency terms", "title_raw": "Consistency and diversity? The EU's rotating trio Council Presidency after the Lisbon Treaty", "abstract_raw": "The Lisbon Treaty introduced significant changes to the Presidency of the Council of the European Union (EU). The new Treaty combines a permanent chair with the principle of rotation based on three member states collaborating during an 18-month period, without specifying the responsibilities of trio groups. This left wide scope for the first post-Lisbon trio to establish new working mechanisms. By discussing the joint Presidency of Spain, Belgium and Hungary, this article interprets the trio model and its combination with the permanent chair model as an attempt to re-adjust the balance between consistency and diversity. Rotation remains a key instrument for ensuring the representation of the diversity of member states in an enlarged Union. At the same time, the EU's ever more complex policy agenda and a greater need for collective leadership motivate the search for new forms of co-operation to enhance policy consistency over consecutive Presidency terms." }, { "paper": "2005600679", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2013", "title": "revising china s environmental law", "label": [ "2776847301", "2779777834", "128069549", "191935318", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2124897635", "2709823022", "2062346569", "2147475274", "2439613364" ], "reference": [ "564003075", "1967086825", "1979066558", "1995664899", "2001500797", "2066223910", "2068921978", "2146799847" ], "abstract": "china s environmental protection law epl is the main national environmental legislative framework yet the environmental legal system is incomplete and implementation and enforcement of environmental laws have shown major shortcomings 1 3 a controversial attempt to revise the epl could have far reaching impacts on china s economic development and environmental protection which may have global implications 4 5 increasing pressures to strengthen the rule of law in china raise the stakes 6 we discuss the need for a sound legal and scientific basis for revising the epl", "title_raw": "Revising China's Environmental Law", "abstract_raw": "China's Environmental Protection Law (EPL) is the main national environmental legislative framework. Yet the environmental legal system is incomplete, and implementation and enforcement of environmental laws have shown major shortcomings ( 1 \u2013 3 ). A controversial attempt to revise the EPL could have far-reaching impacts on China's economic development and environmental protection, which may have global implications ( 4 , 5 ). Increasing pressures to strengthen the rule of law in China raise the stakes ( 6 ). We discuss the need for a sound legal and scientific basis for revising the EPL." }, { "paper": "3125976514", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2013", "title": "gideon s shadow", "label": [ "2779137516", "199539241", "504945742" ], "author": [ "2032811233" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Gideon's Shadow", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2084021473", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2013", "title": "informality and political violence in karachi", "label": [ "2776398702", "131676636", "137403100", "94625758", "2777162435", "2776974918" ], "author": [ "1968218585", "1950427191" ], "reference": [ "52048622", "325168455", "1490990068", "1508831976", "1518001679", "1521223138", "1558423026", "1597761849", "1604746335", "1876277337", "1971265809", "1975294907", "1979196617", "2004374822", "2008914260", "2063788088", "2069794489", "2077109580", "2087554119", "2098742283", "2101681437", "2107899547", "2146852303", "2147220924", "2153701856", "2307902479", "2578569768", "3122353120", "3122565064" ], "abstract": "this paper proposes an understanding of political violence in a major metropolis through the lens of informality in urban planning and land use political conflict in karachi has been examined largely from the lens of ethnic identity here it is shown using census data how urban planning was implicated in the evolution of the city s ethnic demography election results at the polling station level further confirm the importance of territory in karachi s violent political divisions the literature on informal economic governance and its insights on non state contract enforcement and dispute resolution is used to interpret case studies of three unplanned neighbourhoods various migrant cohorts had distinct experiences regarding informal economic governance and the politics of regularisation these differences gave rise to two alternate modes of informal economic governance which not only sustained violent political divisions but also denied coercive monopoly to formal institutions of the state", "title_raw": "Informality and political violence in Karachi", "abstract_raw": "This paper proposes an understanding of political violence in a major metropolis through the lens of informality in urban planning and land use. Political conflict in Karachi has been examined largely from the lens of ethnic identity. Here it is shown, using census data, how urban planning was implicated in the evolution of the city\u2019s ethnic demography. Election results at the polling station level further confirm the importance of territory in Karachi\u2019s violent political divisions. The literature on informal economic governance, and its insights on non-state contract enforcement and dispute resolution, is used to interpret case studies of three unplanned neighbourhoods. Various migrant cohorts had distinct experiences regarding informal economic governance and the politics of regularisation. These differences gave rise to two alternate modes of informal economic governance, which not only sustained violent political divisions, but also denied coercive monopoly to formal institutions of the state." }, { "paper": "3123395186", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2013", "title": "subnational islamization through secular parties comparing shari a politics in two indonesian provinces", "label": [ "2780668109", "94625758", "2776398702", "555826173", "17058734", "2777407363" ], "author": [ "2102229439" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Subnational Islamization through Secular Parties: Comparing Shari\u2019a Politics in Two Indonesian Provinces", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2009826453", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2013", "title": "the european union and democracy promotion a critical global assessment edited by richard youngs baltimore md john hopkins university press 2010 isbn 9780801897320 206pp 31 00 hb", "label": [ "2779423641" ], "author": [ "2103875547" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The European Union and Democracy Promotion: A Critical Global Assessment, edited by Richard Youngs (Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press, 2010, ISBN 9780801897320); 206pp., \u00a331.00 hb.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2152058224", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2013", "title": "oil wealth and the poverty of politics algeria compared by miriam r lowi new york cambridge university press 2009 252p 94 00 cloth 31 99 paper", "label": [ "189326681", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2048119186" ], "reference": [ "566159822", "2136739561", "2138437328", "2160008182", "2201428197", "2262942124", "2553614436", "3123693529" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Oil Wealth and the Poverty of Politics: Algeria Compared . By Miriam R. Lowi. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 252p. $94.00, cloth, $31.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1970682904", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2013", "title": "the legitimacy of human rights courts a grounded interpretivist analysis of the european court of human rights", "label": [ "543595228", "95691615", "199539241", "169437150", "189726812", "55447825", "86615163", "22299250" ], "author": [ "2609417442", "2138254235", "2091552935" ], "reference": [ "1564016649", "1979573884", "1999092493", "1999625018", "2025929585", "2047155824", "2052162617", "2075160277", "2080056892", "2113282102", "2158157940", "2168253242", "2169045162", "2315108913", "3121187826", "3122829494", "3123093631", "3123470484", "3124950413", "3125110468" ], "abstract": "this article offers an empirically grounded interpretivist analysis of the social legitimacy of the european court of human rights based on domestic judicial and political elite accounts of the legitimacy of the court in turkey bulgaria united kingdom ireland and germany the central argument of the article is that the social legitimacy of the european court of human rights is based on a constant comparison between the values and goals of domestic institutions and the values and goals of the european court of human rights more specifically the social legitimacy of the european court of human rights is grounded in the logic of a fair compromise what actors think they lose by according legitimacy to the european court of human rights must be balanced by what they perceive to gain in return three factors organize how actors in different domestic settings strike a fair compromise in their domestic contexts a perception of domestic human rights conditions b commitment to cosmopolitan ideals of human rights and international law and c commitment to domestic institutions", "title_raw": "The Legitimacy of Human Rights Courts: A Grounded Interpretivist Analysis of the European Court of Human Rights", "abstract_raw": "This article offers an empirically grounded interpretivist analysis of the social legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights based on domestic judicial and political elite accounts of the legitimacy of the Court in Turkey, Bulgaria, United Kingdom, Ireland, and Germany. The central argument of the article is that the social legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights is based on a constant comparison between the values and goals of domestic institutions and the values and goals of the European Court of Human Rights. More specifically, the social legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights is grounded in the logic of a fair compromise: What actors think they lose by according legitimacy to the European Court of Human Rights must be balanced by what they perceive to gain in return. Three factors organize how actors in different domestic settings strike a fair compromise in their domestic contexts: a) perception of domestic human rights conditions, b) commitment to cosmopolitan ideals of human rights and international law, and c) commitment to domestic institutions." }, { "paper": "2138615564", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2013", "title": "contemporary chinese political thought debates and perspectives edited by fred dallmayr and zhao tingyang lexington university press of kentucky 2012 vii 295 pp 50 00 isbn 978 0 8131 3642 4", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2498795712" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Contemporary Chinese Political Thought: Debates and Perspectives . Edited by Fred Dallmayr and Zhao Tingyang. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2012. vii + 295 pp. $50.00. ISBN 978-0-8131-3642-4", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2170598158", "venue": "130750583", "year": "2013", "title": "fixing marine governance in fiji the new scalar narrative of ecosystem based management", "label": [ "552854447", "94625758", "59785166" ], "author": [ "2048599851", "1975682262", "2288935617" ], "reference": [ "73858241", "189849362", "573950248", "575245620", "623479159", "1270333963", "1513313904", "1533809201", "1548209608", "1564478303", "1744159390", "1768791706", "1930472605", "1966868671", "1969043891", "1974362173", "1975330634", "1977883853", "1979023009", "1985200815", "1985575343", "1985634755", "1987069756", "1992925306", "1993909509", "1996085440", "2000667471", "2007660995", "2007909772", "2008752328", "2009269078", "2018954833", "2028487523", "2036588446", "2039275157", "2042121319", "2046437542", "2050048649", "2053934966", "2062957152", "2064102786", "2064830070", "2080241206", "2085905462", "2089517970", "2092666883", "2098567981", "2099321267", "2100965417", "2102728331", "2107676812", "2112526645", "2122458798", "2123486199", "2127085433", "2132705011", "2135432480", "2136418496", "2139658907", "2141184657", "2141935063", "2141951801", "2150422554", "2153095024", "2153458786", "2161601147", "2162348455", "2166241449", "2171549343", "2180043963", "2186628480", "2186701247", "2301019282", "2372888557", "2599455595", "3113767015", "3121503710" ], "abstract": "abstract although there is widespread concern over degrading marine environments there is debate within the global marine conservation agenda about the nature of the problem and appropriate solutions at the center of this debate lie questions about the appropriate scale at which to plan and implement marine resource management in the late 1990s fiji became recognized as one of the most successful examples of community based marine resource management in the world recently there has been a move to manage human environment interactions at larger natural scales we draw from the political ecology and politics of scale literatures and a critical realist understanding of nature and politics to explain the emergence of large scale management and conservation in fiji we contribute to a political ecology of scale by developing the concept of a scalar narrative to show how social and ecological scales are reworked in the development of an ecosystem based approach to marine management in fiji in doing so we consider implications of the struggle to define the appropriate scale of marine management which is closely bound to debates about the role of science and local participation our findings suggest that the struggle to define the scale at which marine management should be planned and implemented is inseparable from the struggle over who should define inform and conduct the governance process we aim to clarify marine policy debates as policy actors worldwide move forward to implement ecosystem based management increase marine protected area coverage and pursue sustainable development", "title_raw": "Fixing marine governance in Fiji? The new scalar narrative of ecosystem-based management", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Although there is widespread concern over degrading marine environments, there is debate within the global marine conservation agenda about the nature of the problem and appropriate solutions. At the center of this debate lie questions about the appropriate scale at which to plan and implement marine resource management. In the late 1990s, Fiji became recognized as one of the most successful examples of community-based marine resource management in the world. Recently, there has been a move to manage human\u2013environment interactions at larger \u201cnatural\u201d scales. We draw from the political ecology and \u201cpolitics of scale\u201d literatures, and a critical realist understanding of nature and politics, to explain the emergence of large-scale management and conservation in Fiji. We contribute to a \u201cpolitical ecology of scale\u201d by developing the concept of a scalar narrative to show how social and ecological scales are reworked in the development of an ecosystem-based approach to marine management in Fiji. In doing so, we consider implications of the struggle to define the appropriate scale of marine management, which is closely bound to debates about the role of science and local participation. Our findings suggest that the struggle to define the scale at which marine management should be planned and implemented is inseparable from the struggle over who should define, inform, and conduct the governance process. We aim to clarify marine policy debates as policy actors worldwide move forward to implement ecosystem-based management, increase marine protected area coverage, and pursue sustainable development." }, { "paper": "2274823228", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2013", "title": "u s supreme court rules in hague child abduction case urges speed by lower courts in such cases", "label": [ "2778272461", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "U.S. Supreme Court Rules in Hague Child Abduction Case, Urges Speed by Lower Courts in Such Cases", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2276322305", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2013", "title": "u s department of state legal adviser s views on international criminal justice", "label": [ "2776398702", "199539241", "102587632" ], "author": [ "2273718812" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "U.S. Department of State Legal Adviser\u2019s Views on International Criminal Justice", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2154854609", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2013", "title": "renewable energy research 1995 2009 a case study of wind power research in eu spain germany and denmark", "label": [ "2778805511", "2778793908", "191935318" ], "author": [ "66010103", "2279159981", "1427462224", "2137747817", "2046167862" ], "reference": [ "13895634", "1546460521", "1932909122", "1978034499", "1997439963", "1999833816", "2002216570", "2016381774", "2021379602", "2021935701", "2043780593", "2067697334", "2088083143", "2088249324", "2140624250", "2171216257", "2798977951", "2970147465", "3122528692" ], "abstract": "the paper reports the developments and citation patterns over three time periods of research on renewable energy generation and wind power 1995 2011 in eu spain germany and denmark analyses are based on web of science and incorporate journal articles as well as conference proceeding papers scientometric indicators include publication collaboration ratios top player distribution as well as citedness and correspondence analyses of citing publications relative citation impact distributions of top cited as well as top citing institutions and publication sources and cluster analysis of citing title terms to map knowledge export areas findings show an increase in citation impact for renewable energy and wind power research albeit hampered by scarcely cited conference papers although eu maintains its global top position in producing renewable energy and wind power research the developments of eu and german world shares as well as citation impact are negative during the most recent 7 year period during the same time the citation impact of spain and denmark increase and place both nations among the top ranking countries in wind power research spain is the only eu country that increases its world production share from 2000 china is currently ranked three after eu and usa in research output however with a very low citation impact spain denmark and germany each demonstrates distinct collaboration patterns and publication source and citation distribution profiles more than half the citations to eu wind power research are eu self citations an expected intensified eu collaboration in the wind energy field does not come about the most productive research institutions in denmark and spain are also the most cited ones", "title_raw": "Renewable energy research 1995---2009: a case study of wind power research in EU, Spain, Germany and Denmark", "abstract_raw": "The paper reports the developments and citation patterns over three time periods of research on Renewable Energy generation and Wind Power 1995---2011 in EU, Spain, Germany and Denmark. Analyses are based on Web of Science and incorporate journal articles as well as conference proceeding papers. Scientometric indicators include publication collaboration ratios, top-player distribution as well as citedness and correspondence analyses of citing publications, relative citation impact, distributions of top-cited as well as top-citing institutions and publication sources and cluster analysis of citing title terms to map knowledge export areas. Findings show an increase in citation impact for Renewable Energy and Wind Power research albeit hampered by scarcely cited conference papers. Although EU maintains its global top position in producing Renewable Energy and Wind Power research the developments of EU and German world shares as well as citation impact are negative during the most recent 7 year period. During the same time the citation impact of Spain and Denmark increase and place both nations among the top-ranking countries in Wind Power research. Spain is the only EU country that increases its world production share from 2000. China is currently ranked three after EU and USA in research output, however with a very low citation impact. Spain, Denmark and Germany each demonstrates distinct collaboration patterns and publication source and citation distribution profiles. More than half the citations to EU Wind Power research are EU-self citations. An expected intensified EU collaboration in the Wind Energy field does not come about. The most productive research institutions in Denmark and Spain are also the most cited ones." }, { "paper": "2156362575", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2013", "title": "analysing public relations education through international standards the portuguese case", "label": [ "39549134", "120912362", "185774338", "2776034101" ], "author": [ "2105404225", "1964420363", "206591102" ], "reference": [ "2033640753" ], "abstract": "by using international reports on pr education as a benchmark we analyse the status of pr higher education in portugal despite differences among the study programs the findings reveal that the standard five courses recommendation by the commission on public relations education cpre are a part of portuguese undergraduate curriculum this includes 12 of the 14 content field guidelines needed to achieve the ideal master s program data shows however the difficulty of positioning public relations in portugal as an autonomous field within communication sciences", "title_raw": "Analysing public relations education through international standards: : The Portuguese case", "abstract_raw": "By using international reports on PR education as a benchmark we analyse the status of PR higher education in Portugal. Despite differences among the study programs, the findings reveal that the standard five courses recommendation by the Commission on Public Relations Education (CPRE) are a part of Portuguese undergraduate curriculum. This includes 12 of the 14 content field guidelines needed to achieve the ideal master's program. Data shows, however, the difficulty of positioning public relations in Portugal as an autonomous field within Communication Sciences." }, { "paper": "2072118985", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2013", "title": "dennis deslippe protesting affirmative action the struggle over equality after the civil rights revolution", "label": [ "2777732099", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1971673462" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dennis Deslippe. Protesting Affirmative Action: The Struggle over Equality after the Civil Rights Revolution.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1987437012", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2013", "title": "california crucible the forging of modern american liberalism by jonathan bell philadelphia university of pennsylvania press 2012 352 pp 47 50", "label": [ "547727832" ], "author": [ "3094280508" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "California Crucible: The Forging of Modern American Liberalism by Jonathan Bell. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. 352 pp. $47.50.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2145593666", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2013", "title": "online social networks and micro blogging in political campaigning the exploration of a new campaign tool and a new campaign style", "label": [ "2781440851", "143275388", "94625758", "158071213", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2160366108", "2801848535", "2165078890" ], "reference": [ "325872457", "620686139", "1512096531", "1561979029", "1603397430", "1914972138", "1968691094", "1981165182", "1985749074", "1995643388", "1995656269", "1997183467", "1999774168", "2020903396", "2026529813", "2030074258", "2037551524", "2044040114", "2044155012", "2056004860", "2068221878", "2074284068", "2075150360", "2079519864", "2081291414", "2082197942", "2090055840", "2093862058", "2100442695", "2109469951", "2120069253", "2130354913", "2133183960", "2145329624", "2146252460", "2147238366", "2153137572", "2158931246", "2171042237", "2202149807" ], "abstract": "this study explores how candidates running for the european parliament ep in 2009 used micro blogging and online social networks in this case twitter www twitter com in the early stage of its adoption to communicate and connect with citizens micro blogging in general and twitter in particular is one of the new and popular web 2 0 applications yet there has been little research focusing on the use of twitter by politicians after reviewing different types of campaigning strategies and introducing a new and distinct strategy this descriptive and exploratory study focuses on political candidates use of micro blogging and online social networking i e twitter from a longitudinal social network and ideological perspective the results clearly show that most candidates in 2009 still used twitter reluctantly those who used twitter did so predominantly for electoral campaigning and only sparingly for continuous campaigning candidates from progressive parties are the most active users of twitte", "title_raw": "Online social networks and micro-blogging in political campaigning The exploration of a new campaign tool and a new campaign style", "abstract_raw": "This study explores how candidates running for the European Parliament (EP) in 2009 used micro-blogging and online social networks \u2013 in this case Twitter (www.twitter.com) in the early stage of its adoption \u2013 to communicate and connect with citizens. Micro-blogging in general, and Twitter in particular, is one of the new and popular Web 2.0 applications, yet there has been little research focusing on the use of Twitter by politicians. After reviewing different types of campaigning strategies and introducing a new and distinct strategy, this descriptive and exploratory study focuses on political candidates' use of micro-blogging and online social networking (i.e. Twitter) from a longitudinal, social network, and ideological perspective. The results clearly show that most candidates in 2009 still used Twitter reluctantly. Those who used Twitter did so predominantly for electoral campaigning and only sparingly for continuous campaigning. Candidates from progressive parties are the most active users of Twitte..." }, { "paper": "3125542544", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2013", "title": "empowering women through development aid evidence from a field experiment in afghanistan", "label": [ "22467394", "2778449271" ], "author": [ "3149766671", "185406558", "1546412119" ], "reference": [ "28866446", "592557066", "791873513", "1534661254", "1597991763", "1883561604", "1887790439", "1896569855", "1940541362", "1964971469", "1971839183", "1985791213", "1986340080", "1991634180", "2010882856", "2012672057", "2050683400", "2094192045", "2111906682", "2115324825", "2115624662", "2121005211", "2124931191", "2127718185", "2127799276", "2147920244", "2149958878", "2154380314", "2168288924", "2168943027", "2285963046", "2335359037", "2891912569", "2921414108", "3024537196", "3123089039", "3124825311", "3125461158", "3125931264" ], "abstract": "united states army research office multidisciplinary university research initiative award w911nf 12 1 0509", "title_raw": "Empowering Women through Development Aid: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Afghanistan", "abstract_raw": "United States. Army Research Office. Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (Award W911NF-12-1-0509)" }, { "paper": "2059034414", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2013", "title": "the color of citizenship race modernity and latin american hispanic political thought by diego a von vacano oxford oxford university press 2012 226p 74 00", "label": [ "2778682666", "94625758", "158886217", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2981699401" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Color of Citizenship: Race, Modernity and Latin American/Hispanic Political Thought. By Diego A. von Vacano. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 226p. $74.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122810476", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2013", "title": "the women s empowerment in agriculture index", "label": [ "20555606", "2775982641" ], "author": [ "2111109887", "693544461", "2024682645", "2263735108", "2658000016", "2114861844" ], "reference": [ "29742326", "61745742", "73926046", "576792970", "1505669345", "1532632354", "1589649447", "1606443082", "1669031135", "1852099458", "1919069014", "1949723231", "1964971469", "1984076033", "1991559594", "1992832165", "2023039931", "2039418493", "2055446633", "2062505535", "2065378728", "2073981548", "2076620228", "2076926005", "2080165656", "2099426209", "2100923443", "2103444775", "2117701253", "2119492984", "2124222250", "2125976551", "2126918960", "2141846678", "2159306398", "2171360788", "2185706220", "2207542745", "2306313500", "2410584305", "2480187617", "2508782806", "2589886800", "2737609221", "2799016711", "2918074563", "2971066665", "3017125790", "3121231090", "3121689684", "3121844862", "3122913419", "3123918557", "3124062417", "3125773024", "3126082266", "3148367176", "3155669356" ], "abstract": "the women s empowerment in agriculture index weai measures the empowerment agency and inclusion of women in the agricultural sector and comprises two subindexes the first assesses empowerment of women in five domains including 1 decisions about agricultural production 2 access to and decisionmaking power about productive resources 3 control of use of income 4 leadership in the community and 5 time allocation the second subindex measures the percentage of women whose achievements are at least as high as men in their households and for women lacking parity the relative empowerment gap with respect to the male in their household this article documents the development of the weai and presents pilot findings from bangladesh guatemala and uganda", "title_raw": "The Women\u2019s Empowerment in Agriculture Index", "abstract_raw": "The Women\u2019s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) measures the empowerment, agency, and inclusion of women in the agricultural sector and comprises two subindexes. The first assesses empowerment of women in five domains, including (1) decisions about agricultural production, (2) access to and decisionmaking power about productive resources, (3) control of use of income, (4) leadership in the community, and (5) time allocation. The second subindex measures the percentage of women whose achievements are at least as high as men in their households and, for women lacking parity, the relative empowerment gap with respect to the male in their household. This article documents the development of the WEAI and presents pilot findings from Bangladesh, Guatemala, and Uganda." }, { "paper": "2169329106", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2013", "title": "goal of ending aids gains traction", "label": [ "2776424047", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2497323860" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a prominent and diverse group of researchers funders and advocates gathered for 3 days in san francisco for a conference that had a most provocative title what will it take to achieve an aids free world the meeting both affirmed the value of this aspiration and that science has delivered the necessary tools but many practical financial and social obstacles stand in the way", "title_raw": "Goal of Ending AIDS Gains Traction", "abstract_raw": "A prominent and diverse group of researchers, funders, and advocates gathered for 3 days in San Francisco for a conference that had a most provocative title: \"What Will it Take to Achieve an AIDS-free World?\" The meeting both affirmed the value of this aspiration and that science has delivered the necessary tools, but many practical, financial, and social obstacles stand in the way." }, { "paper": "3124869508", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2013", "title": "does campaign spending help voters learn about ballot measures", "label": [ "2777094542" ], "author": [ "2267802661" ], "reference": [ "571677987", "578407858", "1503042507", "1968533978", "1971780525", "1977825494", "1979292417", "1982640169", "1998972803", "2003215392", "2004280932", "2012728340", "2019482333", "2030398623", "2067449176", "2121695112", "2131918307", "2133189320", "2136753600", "2143260233", "2183051559", "2312209669", "3123075550", "3124188997", "3124439964" ], "abstract": "what happens when a ballot measure becomes an orphan and there are no campaign expenditures for or against the measure california s proposition 91 provides one example of such a scenario and offers a rare opportunity to study what voters learn about a ballot measure in the absence of a campaign using an election survey i assess what voters exiting the polling booth learned about proposition 91 and compare it to what they learned about several other measures on the same ballot my results suggest that even without a campaign a large majority of voters still know a fact about proposition 91 i also find that campaigns can greatly increase knowledge of the facts they choose to emphasize", "title_raw": "Does campaign spending help voters learn about ballot measures", "abstract_raw": "What happens when a ballot measure becomes an orphan and there are no campaign expenditures for or against the measure? California's Proposition 91 provides one example of such a scenario and offers a rare opportunity to study what voters learn about a ballot measure in the absence of a campaign. Using an election survey, I assess what voters exiting the polling booth learned about Proposition 91 and compare it to what they learned about several other measures on the same ballot. My results suggest that even without a campaign, a large majority of voters still know a fact about Proposition 91. I also find that campaigns can greatly increase knowledge of the facts they choose to emphasize." }, { "paper": "2058890897", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2013", "title": "the great automobile race of 1908 as a public relations phenomenon lessons from the past", "label": [ "39549134", "2780076394", "67037518", "2776003135", "201280247" ], "author": [ "2426908987", "2305278920" ], "reference": [ "646950657", "1535721863", "1546782176", "1554626463", "1572540230", "1760325076", "1985579102", "1990892474", "2001442493", "2082441077", "2110633181", "2382642729", "2571985215" ], "abstract": "abstract the 1908 great race from new york to paris captured the imagination of the world as intrepid competitors endured the hardships of the around the world race the new york times its co sponsor and source of the publicity was in a unique position to practice media relations framing research was used to examine how the new york times used strategic communication to build interest in the race to sell more newspapers and to allow automobile manufactures to broaden their markets media frames used to generate interest provide insight into strategies for influencing behavior through a controlled form of media relations", "title_raw": "The great automobile race of 1908 as a public relations phenomenon: Lessons from the past", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The 1908 Great Race from New York to Paris captured the imagination of the world as intrepid competitors endured the hardships of the around the world race. The New York Times, its co-sponsor and source of the publicity, was in a unique position to practice media relations. Framing research was used to examine how the New York Times used strategic communication to build interest in the race to sell more newspapers and to allow automobile manufactures to broaden their markets. Media frames used to generate interest provide insight into strategies for influencing behavior through a controlled form of media relations." }, { "paper": "2021130092", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2013", "title": "politicians voters and democracy the 2011 uk referendum on the alternative vote", "label": [ "60454596", "2781462389", "555826173", "134698397", "2778959273", "3116431", "2780608745", "61267812" ], "author": [ "2558541574" ], "reference": [ "90934627", "128067081", "329697079", "560764182", "579248024", "649783965", "1486448705", "1489723276", "1521595001", "1525719377", "1529927741", "1561121960", "1572319656", "1587341073", "1592640723", "1825386805", "1855237671", "1966977689", "1982640169", "2012567154", "2030495989", "2033719023", "2049140991", "2057361990", "2059261348", "2061792902", "2061976401", "2063936570", "2068391847", "2093571761", "2096669797", "2098996331", "2105965833", "2113858845", "2155808722", "2157103410", "2329103711", "2480495175", "2500813508", "2755356421", "2884627151", "3123930369" ], "abstract": "at the 2010 uk election labour proposed a referendum on changing the house of commons electoral system from single member plurality to the alternative vote subsequently a coalition was formed between the conservatives and the liberal democrats yet it was labour s policy on electoral reform that was implemented the paper explains why this proved to be politically convenient for labour s opponents at the same time however holding the referendum reflected an emergent de facto convention that significant constitutional change should only be introduced after it has secured popular endorsement the paper assesses whether the dynamics of public opinion during the av referendum suggests that voters eventual decisions about constitutional questions reflect their views about the merits of the relevant arguments", "title_raw": "Politicians, voters and democracy: The 2011 UK referendum on the Alternative Vote", "abstract_raw": "At the 2010 UK election, Labour proposed a referendum on changing the House of Commons electoral system from single member plurality to the Alternative Vote. Subsequently, a coalition was formed between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats, yet it was Labour's policy on electoral reform that was implemented. The paper explains why this proved to be politically convenient for Labour's opponents. At the same time, however, holding the referendum reflected an emergent de facto convention that significant constitutional change should only be introduced after it has secured popular endorsement. The paper assesses whether the dynamics of public opinion during the AV referendum suggests that voters' eventual decisions about constitutional questions reflect their views about the merits of the relevant arguments." }, { "paper": "2316882623", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2013", "title": "whither clientelism good governance and brazil s bolsa familia program", "label": [ "2781035477", "2780526558" ], "author": [ "1985546684", "2510983498" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Whither clientelism? Good governance and Brazil's Bolsa Fam\u00edlia program", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2100404838", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2013", "title": "never forget national humiliation historical memory in chinese politics and foreign relations zheng wang new york columbia university press 2012 xiii 293 pp 32 50 22 50 isbn 978 0 231 14890 0", "label": [ "44394981", "2780666240", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2422701942" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Never Forget National Humiliation: Historical Memory in Chinese Politics and Foreign Relations . Zheng Wang. New York: Columbia University Press, 2012. xiii + 293 pp. $32.50; \u00a322.50 ISBN 978-0-231-14890-0", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2015256556", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2013", "title": "flipping the switch combat state building and junior officers in iraq and afghanistan", "label": [ "2776211767", "2779175671" ], "author": [ "2114449565" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "contemporary us counterinsurgency doctrine in iraq and afghanistan requires junior leaders to engage in both combat and state building activities this study aims to explain the fundamental challenge in merging these i argue that difficulty lies in separating insurgents from civilians and translating doctrine from senior to junior officers junior officers consistently develop a similar ad hoc decision making tool role switching to simplify complex situations to a binary of hostile or not they understand themselves to fill only two roles the violent on role and the non violent off role and develop several tools to minimize the difficulty of role switching help their subordinates switch and signal switching to local populations ultimately however problems with role switching role stickiness inappropriate switching and role bias can in some cases encourage indiscriminate and excessive violence pointing to the fundamental failures of using military forces as a one size fits all solution to", "title_raw": "Flipping the Switch: Combat, State Building, and Junior Officers in Iraq and Afghanistan", "abstract_raw": "Contemporary us counterinsurgency doctrine in Iraq and Afghanistan requires junior leaders to engage in both combat and state-building activities. This study aims to explain the fundamental challenge in merging these. I argue that difficulty lies in separating insurgents from civilians, and translating doctrine from senior to junior officers. Junior officers consistently develop a similar ad hoc decision-making tool\u2014 role-switching\u2014to simplify complex situations to a binary of \u201chostile or not.\u201d They understand themselves to fill only two roles, the violent \u201con\u201d role and the non-violent \u201coff\u201d role and develop several tools to minimize the difficulty of role-switching, help their subordinates switch, and signal switching to local populations. Ultimately, however, problems with role-switching\u2014role stickiness, inappropriate switching, and role bias\u2014can in some cases encourage indiscriminate and excessive violence, pointing to the fundamental failures of using military forces as a one-size-fits-all solution to..." }, { "paper": "2164199288", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2013", "title": "social forces and states poverty and distributional outcomes in south korea chile and mexico by judith teichman stanford stanford university press 2012 272p 80 00 cloth 24 95 paper", "label": [ "189326681" ], "author": [ "1977497412" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Social Forces and States: Poverty and Distributional Outcomes in South Korea, Chile, and Mexico . By Judith Teichman. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2012. 272p. $80.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2102357221", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2013", "title": "the mitrailleuse effect the eeas as an interstitial organization and the dynamics of innovation in diplomacy", "label": [ "39549134", "46295352", "557252395" ], "author": [ "1953429122" ], "reference": [ "102805407", "199664597", "1550684686", "1584429854", "1964022769", "1965278510", "1971086148", "1977564521", "1985579102", "1987615711", "2002609914", "2003934805", "2022231208", "2029150462", "2032318279", "2035087453", "2044383365", "2089322732", "2090561966", "2092206074", "2161048661", "2164284962", "2230490197", "2330775179", "2373984554", "2487338345", "3123282572", "3123888149" ], "abstract": "this article argues that the european external action service eeas could be conceptualized as an interstitial organization that is an organization emerging in interstices between various organizational fields and recombining physical informational financial legal and legitimacy resources stemming from organizations belonging to these different organizational fields this interstitial status creates a situation in which there are different and sometimes conflicting organizational principles and practices introduced within the organization of the eeas and different and sometimes conflicting sets of expectations in relation to the service from actors within the organization as well as from outside based on empirical data collected in interviews with eeas officials and study of official documents in 2011 and 2012 the article documents the interstitial nature of the eeas in broader terms the emergence of the eeas hence provides a fertile ground for studying patterns of institutional innovation in organizational fields via the establishment of interstitial organizations", "title_raw": "The \u2018Mitrailleuse Effect\u2019: The EEAS as an Interstitial Organization and the Dynamics of Innovation in Diplomacy\u2020", "abstract_raw": "This article argues that the European External Action Service (EEAS) could be conceptualized as an interstitial organization \u2013 that is, an organization emerging in interstices between various organizational fields and recombining physical, informational, financial, legal and legitimacy resources stemming from organizations belonging to these different organizational fields. This interstitial status creates a situation in which there are different and sometimes conflicting organizational principles and practices introduced within the organization of the EEAS and different and sometimes conflicting sets of expectations in relation to the Service from actors within the organization as well as from outside. Based on empirical data collected in interviews with EEAS officials and study of official documents in 2011 and 2012, the article documents the interstitial nature of the EEAS. In broader terms, the emergence of the EEAS hence provides a fertile ground for studying patterns of institutional innovation in organizational fields via the establishment of interstitial organizations." }, { "paper": "2564484564", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "presidents and pretenders", "label": [ "17058734" ], "author": [ "2500956413" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Presidents and Pretenders", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2048457810", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2013", "title": "maternal health a missed opportunity for development", "label": [ "2779473830", "185618831" ], "author": [ "2583628974", "1983870285" ], "reference": [ "1554027580", "2038458296", "2046034301", "2097594228", "2104625244", "2105285476", "2116356733", "2121402688", "2122125930", "2151568024", "3123010330", "3123091567", "3129109498" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Maternal health: a missed opportunity for development", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2320636693", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2013", "title": "richard k popp the holiday makers magazines advertising and mass tourism in postwar america", "label": [ "18918823" ], "author": [ "2300581326" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Richard K. Popp. The Holiday Makers: Magazines, Advertising, and Mass Tourism in Postwar America.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2796573880", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2013", "title": "gideon at fifty a problem of political will", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2506875162" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Gideon at Fifty: A Problem of Political Will", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "182884325", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2013", "title": "denis collins essentials of business ethics creating an organization of high integrity and superior performance", "label": [ "119232533" ], "author": [ "3092498892" ], "reference": [ "29964272", "1843841391", "1998398616", "2112602943", "2745482305" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Denis Collins: Essentials of Business Ethics\u2014Creating an Organization of High Integrity and Superior Performance", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2011549672", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2013", "title": "power sharing and political public relations government press relationships in northern ireland s developing democratic institutions", "label": [ "2777582232", "3116431", "2779610281", "2775987171", "2776689000", "39549134", "148834064", "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2134973806", "3180628100" ], "reference": [ "18609658", "25214920", "26953291", "164261027", "184216651", "231911434", "303942561", "325872457", "337314171", "583079531", "1487910612", "1510014887", "1510054018", "1512096531", "1525647368", "1528784858", "1554626463", "1555862178", "1557459633", "1589010126", "1603169668", "1964562130", "1976383606", "1995858984", "1997622883", "2008219167", "2008981909", "2010640246", "2017067716", "2032448536", "2034056338", "2035101675", "2043905297", "2045699725", "2053831287", "2059666567", "2062227283", "2072004141", "2091548254", "2110664067", "2111741167", "2115679968", "2118952010", "2120152952", "2122714910", "2124590884", "2140048929", "2144152781", "2156137312", "2268034465", "2604020856" ], "abstract": "northern ireland s democratic governance is consociational i e power sharing is mandatory and therefore substantially different from the majoritarian electoral system which characterizes most western democratic societies consociationalism has been advocated as a form of democracy which can reconcile post conflict societies fragmented along ethnic religious or linguistic lines political public relations within mandatory coalitions have received little attention from scholars to date drawing on data from elite interviews with government information officers gios ministerial special advisers spads and journalists in northern ireland this paper analyses their perspectives on political public relations in northern ireland s evolving democratic institutions our findings suggest northern ireland s public sphere is characterized not just by the usual contest between government communicators and journalists over political stories but also by competition across government departments and within departments between gios and spads our research investigates the role of public relations in northern ireland s developing democratic institutions and more generally identifies important issues surrounding government communication in post conflict power sharing democracies", "title_raw": "Power-sharing and political public relations: Government-press relationships in Northern Ireland's developing democratic institutions", "abstract_raw": "Northern Ireland's democratic governance is consociational (i.e. power-sharing is mandatory) and therefore substantially different from the majoritarian electoral system which characterizes most Western democratic societies. Consociationalism has been advocated as a form of democracy which can reconcile post-conflict societies fragmented along ethnic, religious or linguistic lines. Political public relations within mandatory coalitions have received little attention from scholars to date. Drawing on data from elite interviews with Government Information Officers (GIOs), Ministerial Special Advisers (SpAds) and journalists in Northern Ireland, this paper analyses their perspectives on political public relations in Northern Ireland's evolving democratic institutions. Our findings suggest Northern Ireland's public sphere is characterized not just by the usual contest between government communicators and journalists over political stories, but also by competition across government departments and within departments between GIOs and SpAds. Our research investigates the role of public relations in Northern Ireland's developing democratic institutions and more generally identifies important issues surrounding government communication in post-conflict power-sharing democracies." }, { "paper": "2114791550", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2013", "title": "conceived in doubt religion and politics in the new american nation by amanda porterfield chicago il university of chicago press 2012 252 pp 40 00", "label": [ "96756911" ], "author": [ "2086821039" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Conceived in Doubt: Religion and Politics in the New American Nation by Amanda Porterfield. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 2012. 252 pp. $40.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2327873058", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2013", "title": "quiring oliver kepplinger hans mathias weber mathias and geis stefan 2013 lehman brothers und die folgen berichterstattung zu wirtschaftlichen interventionen des staates lehman brothers and what followed covering state interventions into the economy", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2297700331" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Quiring, Oliver, Kepplinger, Hans Mathias, Weber, Mathias, and Gei\u00df, Stefan (2013). Lehman Brothers und die Folgen: Berichterstattung zu wirtschaftlichen Interventionen des Staates [Lehman Brothers and what followed: Covering state interventions into the economy]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2133748047", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2013", "title": "industrial pollution and environmental health in rural china risk uncertainty and individualization", "label": [ "191935318", "148834064", "2775951005" ], "author": [ "714505449" ], "reference": [ "578051493", "611912875", "1267125192", "1486189731", "1495357383", "1500888951", "1520239515", "1541678168", "1543604197", "1550072957", "1568390176", "1753182188", "1914885993", "1965000344", "1990624070", "2024743055", "2031328405", "2039286559", "2042349004", "2047412457", "2049842115", "2054915346", "2087995352", "2108696613", "2118106745", "2145481513", "2145733300", "2159885071", "3125868337", "3151309615" ], "abstract": "after more than three decades of extremely rapid industrial growth china faces an environmental public health crisis in this article i examine pollution in the rural industrial sector and its implications for community health drawing on recent ethnographic research in an industrial township in rural sichuan including interviews with government officials environmental regulators industrial workers and local residents i explore how community members understand the linkages between air and water pollution from nearby factories and their health and well being the article has two main goals the first is to examine the various ways in which uncertainty about pollution sources about the severity of pollution levels and about the links between pollution and human health shapes villagers experiences of pollution on a day to day basis the second goal is to examine the rising trend of individualization taking place in china today and explore how this process is related to people s experiences of toxic exposure i consider the implications of this trend for how social scientists should approach the study of environmental illness in contemporary china", "title_raw": "Industrial Pollution and Environmental Health in Rural China: Risk, Uncertainty and Individualization*", "abstract_raw": "After more than three decades of extremely rapid industrial growth, China faces an environmental public health crisis. In this article, I examine pollution in the rural industrial sector and its implications for community health. Drawing on recent ethnographic research in an industrial township in rural Sichuan, including interviews with government officials, environmental regulators, industrial workers and local residents, I explore how community members understand the linkages between air and water pollution from nearby factories and their health and well-being. The article has two main goals. The first is to examine the various ways in which uncertainty about pollution sources, about the severity of pollution levels and about the links between pollution and human health shapes villagers\u2019 experiences of pollution on a day-to-day basis. The second goal is to examine the rising trend of \u201cindividualization\u201d taking place in China today and explore how this process is related to people\u2019s experiences of toxic exposure. I consider the implications of this trend for how social scientists should approach the study of environmental illness in contemporary China." }, { "paper": "2083345091", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2013", "title": "funding campaign tactics and grants don t mix", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "741802793", "2163080748", "251505786" ], "reference": [ "2064201469" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Funding: Campaign tactics and grants don't mix", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2045959655", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2013", "title": "markets in the name of socialism the left wing origins of neoliberalism johanna bockman stanford ca stanford university press 2011 pp 332", "label": [ "118589477", "124717273" ], "author": [ "2648101133" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Markets in the Name of Socialism: The Left-Wing Origins of Neoliberalism , Johanna Bockman, Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, 2011, pp. 332.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2494551993", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2013", "title": "rebooting american politics the internet revolution by jason gainous and kevin wagner", "label": [ "522562087" ], "author": [ "1851736571" ], "reference": [ "137766899", "142345412", "429569215", "618228702", "1479991102", "1572328713", "1894718218", "1967676842", "1991489456", "2000430246", "2008620264", "2062653525", "2067904163", "2090969900", "2116339812", "2143543430", "2145291644", "2335245272", "2484092606", "2611634515", "2798862961", "2915789494" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rebooting American Politics: The Internet Revolution, by Jason Gainous and Kevin Wagner", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2039478628", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2013", "title": "half of 2011 papers now free to read", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "1421404108" ], "reference": [ "2115339903" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Half of 2011 papers now free to read", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2042431815", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2013", "title": "executive politics in times of crisis", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "334467047" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Executive Politics in Times of Crisis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2170902914", "venue": "160686149", "year": "2013", "title": "retribution must succeed rebellion the colonial origins of counterinsurgency failure", "label": [ "110928126", "94625758", "531593650", "2779220109", "2776211767", "46295352", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2927186461" ], "reference": [ "66412201", "177879470", "372550984", "586812383", "594210885", "606783974", "625576558", "634635129", "644791256", "1509140552", "1522513066", "1546038739", "1567091907", "1583913128", "1594729142", "1601527364", "1970415188", "1976812122", "1983178658", "1988276026", "1989246932", "1990007523", "1991188736", "1994205540", "1994259630", "1997011088", "1998441915", "2000017095", "2008337535", "2014402539", "2019796242", "2020902627", "2028760960", "2032470501", "2033605694", "2034998994", "2036239230", "2047661688", "2051265636", "2056314259", "2062498196", "2069025098", "2073030046", "2078131176", "2080926049", "2086189766", "2119406898", "2121697314", "2125711184", "2125948011", "2129018397", "2146280510", "2146884126", "2148130837", "2151780178", "2165611314", "2166080217", "2223380876", "2312454225", "2312546345", "2315823945", "2319683804", "2340497569", "2506942646", "2604716000", "2949378912", "3022504942", "3091841320", "3122894759", "3142689218" ], "abstract": "what can explain the decline in incumbent victory in counterinsurgency wars political scientists offer a variety of explanations for these trends some focus on the structure and doctrine of counterinsurgent forces while others emphasize the lethality and motivation of insurgent adversaries i challenge these explanations declines in incumbent victory in counterinsurgency wars are not driven by fundamental shifts in the character of these conflicts but in the political context in which they take place nineteenth century colonial incumbents enjoyed a variety of political advantages including strong political will a permissive international environment access to local collaborators and flexibility to pick their battles which granted them the time and resources necessary to meet insurgent challenges in contrast twentieth century colonial incumbents struggled in the face of apathetic publics hostile superpowers vanishing collaborators and constrained options the decline in incumbent victory in counterinsurgency warfare therefore stems not from problems in force structure or strategy but in political shifts in the profitability and legitimacy of colonial forms of governance", "title_raw": "\u201cRetribution Must Succeed Rebellion\u201d: The Colonial Origins of Counterinsurgency Failure", "abstract_raw": "What can explain the decline in incumbent victory in counterinsurgency wars? Political scientists offer a variety of explanations for these trends. Some focus on the structure and doctrine of counterinsurgent forces, while others emphasize the lethality and motivation of insurgent adversaries. I challenge these explanations. Declines in incumbent victory in counterinsurgency wars are not driven by fundamental shifts in the character of these conflicts, but in the political context in which they take place. Nineteenth-century colonial incumbents enjoyed a variety of political advantages\u2014including strong political will, a permissive international environment, access to local collaborators, and flexibility to pick their battles\u2014which granted them the time and resources necessary to meet insurgent challenges. In contrast, twentieth-century colonial incumbents struggled in the face of apathetic publics, hostile superpowers, vanishing collaborators, and constrained options. The decline in incumbent victory in counterinsurgency warfare, therefore, stems not from problems in force structure or strategy, but in political shifts in the profitability and legitimacy of colonial forms of governance." }, { "paper": "1996370660", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2013", "title": "the solicitor general and the united states supreme court executive branch influence and judicial decisions by ryan c black and ryan j owens new york cambridge university press 2012 192 pp 99 00", "label": [ "2778272461", "199539241", "100505606" ], "author": [ "2104742959" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Solicitor General and the United States Supreme Court: Executive Branch Influence and Judicial Decisions by Ryan C. Black and Ryan J. Owens. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2012. 192 pp. $99.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1998374179", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2013", "title": "response to syria s health crisis poor and uncoordinated", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2141599636", "2185398145" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Response to Syria's health crisis--poor and uncoordinated.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2564107196", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "pakistan and the terrible horrible no good very bad week", "label": [ "2781145704", "199539241", "513891491" ], "author": [ "2562868219" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Pakistan and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Week", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2150341202", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2013", "title": "is the universe of democracy rhetoric and public relations whole cloth or three separate galaxies", "label": [ "39549134", "17022365", "2779610281", "2777760867", "555826173", "96420161", "2781093426" ], "author": [ "2175267383", "2078688720", "141316574" ], "reference": [ "12393796", "216579573", "613215010", "653691156", "1485938413", "1503143471", "1516605260", "1517493796", "1537215276", "1603321039", "1748430733", "1856719827", "1977156035", "1977905103", "2007587311", "2011605557", "2014083076", "2014613105", "2020788103", "2030900884", "2038272572", "2043231071", "2048413581", "2052803649", "2060097796", "2062022763", "2063920951", "2066137714", "2072502927", "2072840634", "2078200078", "2100917760", "2103769746", "2115873859", "2119729553", "2148501506", "2169509484", "2262876838", "2323107810", "2797454922", "2902648399", "2955421853", "3048534519", "3122221547", "3122644891", "3150840867" ], "abstract": "abstract discussions of democracy rhetoric and public relations can conclude that these aspects of society and professional practice are contradictory paradoxes or partners for achieving harmony of collective interests to that end this paper briefly explores the rhetorical heritage as inseparable from democracy it next examines through the challenges of the public arena ways that deliberative democracy can bring the three into partnership for the greater good on this foundation it features four premises of public relations and democracy based on power infrastructure private and public sphere collective voices language that co manages meaning as social construction and stewardship as stewards of democracy organizations can play a pivotal role in fostering environments the infrastructures and collaborative processes that allow and even facilitate collective decision making as well as blend the private sphere individualism and the public sphere collectivism so that self interest can be satisfied and enjoyed by organizations and myriad publics as collective interests by blending individual voices into collective voices and understanding the limits and pitfalls of language as culture public relations can actually serve private interests by the co management of meaning to make society better", "title_raw": "Is the universe of democracy, rhetoric, and public relations whole cloth or three separate galaxies?", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Discussions of democracy, rhetoric, and public relations can conclude that these aspects of society and professional practice are contradictory paradoxes or partners for achieving harmony of collective interests. To that end, this paper briefly explores the rhetorical heritage as inseparable from democracy. It next examines, through the challenges of the public arena, ways that deliberative democracy can bring the three into partnership for the greater good. On this foundation, it features four premises of public relations and democracy based on power, infrastructure, private and public sphere, collective voices, language that co-manages meaning as social construction, and stewardship. As stewards of democracy, organizations can play a pivotal role in fostering environments, the infrastructures and collaborative processes, that allow and even facilitate collective decision making as well as blend the private sphere (individualism) and the public sphere (collectivism) so that self-interest can be satisfied and enjoyed by organizations and myriad publics as collective interests. By blending individual voices into collective voices and understanding the limits and pitfalls of language as culture, public relations can actually serve private interests by the co-management of meaning to make society better." }, { "paper": "2064621442", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2013", "title": "election forecast a look back at the time for change model and the 2012 presidential election", "label": [ "2776129789" ], "author": [ "218982368" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "ELECTION FORECAST: A LOOK BACK AT THE TIME FOR CHANGE MODEL AND THE 2012 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2095026924", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2013", "title": "a middle east free of nuclear weapons possible probable or pipe dream", "label": [ "199539241", "194110935", "2779010840", "2776957806", "3651065", "94625758" ], "author": [ "3037981680" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article provides an overview of the attempts to address a weapons of mass destruction wmd free zone in the middle east as mandated by the 2010 nuclear non proliferation treaty npt review conference the article outlines regional nuclear programmes in egypt israel iran iraq and syria and the evolution of nuclear weapon free zones and npt politics the article further proposes a set of recommendations for what might constitute a nuclear weapon free zone treaty including interim measures that would support the establishment of the middle east wmd free zone drawing on historical precedent from relevant cases", "title_raw": "A Middle East free of nuclear weapons: possible, probable or pipe-dream?", "abstract_raw": "This article provides an overview of the attempts to address a Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)-free zone in the Middle East as mandated by the 2010 nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference. The article outlines regional nuclear programmes in Egypt, Israel, Iran, Iraq and Syria, and the evolution of nuclear weapon-free zones and NPT politics. The article further proposes a set of recommendations for what might constitute a nuclear weapon-free zone treaty, including interim measures that would support the establishment of the Middle East WMD-free zone, drawing on historical precedent from relevant cases." }, { "paper": "3121574360", "venue": "2765071819", "year": "2013", "title": "climate challenged society", "label": [ "2778061430", "94625758", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2420051747", "2113308470", "1979751522" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this book is an original accessible and thought provoking introduction to the severe and broad ranging challenges that climate change presents and how societies can respond it synthesizes and deploys cutting edge scholarship on the range of social economic political and philosophical issues surrounding climate change the treatment is introductory but the book is written with attitude for nobody has yet charted in coherent integrative and effective fashion a way to move societies beyond their current paralysis as they face the challenges of climate change the coverage begins with an examination of science public opinion and policy making with special attention to organized climate change denial the book then moves to economic analysis and its limits different kinds of policies climate justice governance at all levels from the local to the global and the challenge of an emerging anthropocene in which the mostly unintended consequences of human action drive the earth system into a more chaotic and unstable era the conclusion considers the prospects for fundamental transition in ideas movements economics and governance", "title_raw": "Climate-Challenged Society", "abstract_raw": "This book is an original, accessible, and thought-provoking introduction to the severe and broad-ranging challenges that climate change presents and how societies can respond. It synthesizes and deploys cutting-edge scholarship on the range of social, economic, political, and philosophical issues surrounding climate change. The treatment is introductory, but the book is written \"with attitude\", for nobody has yet charted in coherent, integrative, and effective fashion a way to move societies beyond their current paralysis as they face the challenges of climate change. The coverage begins with an examination of science, public opinion, and policy making, with special attention to organized climate change denial. The book then moves to economic analysis and its limits; different kinds of policies; climate justice; governance at all levels from the local to the global; and the challenge of an emerging \"Anthropocene\" in which the mostly unintended consequences of human action drive the earth system into a more chaotic and unstable era. The conclusion considers the prospects for fundamental transition in ideas, movements, economics, and governance." }, { "paper": "2031506972", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2013", "title": "development starved for solutions", "label": [ "148834064", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2249838753" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Development: Starved for solutions", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2355273974", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2013", "title": "reform of the talent cultivating mode the key point of chinese universities intensive construction", "label": [ "120912362", "191935318", "552535540" ], "author": [ "2357007064" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "with the advancing of higher education massification in china the principal contradiction of higher education has changed and the problem of quality has been highlighted universities intensive construction is becoming more onerous and talent cultivating is facing news challenges therefore the universities firstly have to pay more attention to the urgency of their responsibilities of education reform further comply with the general trends of economy and social development science and technology advancement and higher education system reform and attach more effort to relating research and systematical planning so that the reform of talent cultivating mode could go deep constantly and the quality of talent cultivation could be improved steadily", "title_raw": "Reform of the Talent Cultivating Mode:The Key Point of Chinese Universities' Intensive Construction", "abstract_raw": "With the advancing of higher education massification in China,the principal contradiction of higher education has changed,and the problem of quality has been highlighted.Universities' intensive construction is becoming more onerous and talent cultivating is facing news challenges.Therefore,the universities,firstly,have to pay more attention to the urgency of their responsibilities of education reform;further,comply with the general trends of economy and social development,science and technology advancement and higher education system reform;and attach more effort to relating research and systematical planning so that the reform of talent cultivating mode could go deep constantly and the quality of talent cultivation could be improved steadily." }, { "paper": "2081650897", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2013", "title": "the media and the far right in western europe playing the nationalist card by antonis a ellinas cambridge university press 2010", "label": [ "521449643" ], "author": [ "315198208", "147020960" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Media and the Far Right in Western Europe: Playing the Nationalist Card. By Antonis A. Ellinas. (Cambridge University Press, 2010).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2018044898", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2013", "title": "visa reform advances in senate as house offers stem ideas", "label": [ "3116431", "70036468", "2780849931", "111141941", "2777558666", "2780781376", "2777351106" ], "author": [ "2343143953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "efforts to overhaul u s immigration policy often generate more show than substance last week they produced both a three ring circus of activity that pushed reform ahead without deciding what congress ultimately will do most attention focused on the u s senate where a committee last week won bipartisan agreement on a path to citizenship for some 11 million undocumented immigrants but members of the u s house of representatives also shared the limelight republican leaders demonstrated their piecemeal approach to immigration reform with a bill that would ease the entry of skilled foreign labor in ways that paralleled the senate legislation and a bipartisan group of house members continued work on a broader immigration proposal that is expected to include stem provisions the overhaul effort faces numerous obstacles however some labor specialists for example worry that the senate bill does too little to protect u s stem workers from immigrant competition", "title_raw": "Visa Reform Advances in Senate as House Offers STEM Ideas", "abstract_raw": "Efforts to overhaul U.S. immigration policy often generate more show than substance. Last week, they produced both: a three-ring circus of activity that pushed reform ahead without deciding what Congress ultimately will do. Most attention focused on the U.S. Senate, where a committee last week won bipartisan agreement on a path to citizenship for some 11 million undocumented immigrants. But members of the U.S. House of Representatives also shared the limelight. Republican leaders demonstrated their piecemeal approach to immigration reform with a bill that would ease the entry of skilled foreign labor in ways that paralleled the Senate legislation. And a bipartisan group of House members continued work on a broader immigration proposal that is expected to include STEM provisions. The overhaul effort faces numerous obstacles, however. Some labor specialists, for example, worry that the Senate bill does too little to protect U.S. STEM workers from immigrant competition." }, { "paper": "2013989786", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2013", "title": "the pursuit of academic excellence and business engagement is it irreconcilable", "label": [ "120912362", "2777854444", "2777352838", "8795937", "2777861003", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2322313574", "2126860894", "2010565652", "2159548445", "1554606937" ], "reference": [ "13895634", "604081263", "621574148", "1492294591", "1496115787", "1503742580", "1505937395", "1520862446", "1538205560", "1546460521", "1554634049", "1559646899", "1561677949", "1563906773", "1572434726", "1580589954", "1585074322", "1589757058", "1591271073", "1593748481", "1600664477", "1604091625", "1949569492", "1964352282", "1966927076", "1969666528", "1971555879", "1980179844", "1983419585", "1985362949", "1986726592", "1986899361", "1988277256", "1989961471", "1999923533", "2005161470", "2015401820", "2015717137", "2016265007", "2016425127", "2024019738", "2026119611", "2034085520", "2035883496", "2041655977", "2043465687", "2044710199", "2048349123", "2055202241", "2060742904", "2063233684", "2064289102", "2070942094", "2074568535", "2074626404", "2081400205", "2081898637", "2083460984", "2088462245", "2094153522", "2095197847", "2109476496", "2111109384", "2115723149", "2119038756", "2129084460", "2137947749", "2145147745", "2146446460", "2146885112", "2163948742", "2170905240", "2171511431", "2182258301", "2323506210", "2496198520", "2619348739", "3021322007", "3121647093", "3123888614", "3124127843", "3124802038", "3125283871" ], "abstract": "universities currently need to satisfy the demands of different audiences in light of the increasing policy emphasis on third mission activities universities are attempting to incorporate these into their traditional missions of teaching and research university strategies to accomplishing its traditional missions are well honed and routinized but the incorporation of the third mission is posing important strategic and managerial challenges for universities this study explores the relationship between university business collaborations and academic excellence in order to examine the extent to which academic institutions can balance these objectives based on data from the uk research assessment exercise 2001 at the level of the university department we find no systematic positive or negative relationship between scientific excellence and engagement with industry across the disciplinary fields reported in the 2001 research assessment exercise i e engineering hard sciences biomedicine social sciences and the humanities the relationship between academic excellence and engagement with business is largely contingent on the institutional context of the university department this paper adds to the growing body of literature on university engagement with business by examining this activity for the social sciences and the humanities our findings have important implications for the strategic management of university departments and for higher education policy related to measuring the performance of higher education research institutions", "title_raw": "The pursuit of academic excellence and business engagement: is it irreconcilable?", "abstract_raw": "Universities currently need to satisfy the demands of different audiences. In light of the increasing policy emphasis on \"third mission\" activities, universities are attempting to incorporate these into their traditional missions of teaching and research. University strategies to accomplishing its traditional missions are well-honed and routinized, but the incorporation of the third mission is posing important strategic and managerial challenges for universities. This study explores the relationship between university---business collaborations and academic excellence in order to examine the extent to which academic institutions can balance these objectives. Based on data from the UK Research Assessment Exercise 2001 at the level of the university department, we find no systematic positive or negative relationship between scientific excellence and engagement with industry. Across the disciplinary fields reported in the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise (i.e. engineering, hard sciences, biomedicine, social sciences and the humanities) the relationship between academic excellence and engagement with business is largely contingent on the institutional context of the university department. This paper adds to the growing body of literature on university engagement with business by examining this activity for the social sciences and the humanities. Our findings have important implications for the strategic management of university departments and for higher education policy related to measuring the performance of higher education research institutions." }, { "paper": "2544925990", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "who is ali khamenei", "label": [ "2778069335", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2253467207" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Who Is Ali Khamenei", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2072191073", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2013", "title": "iran and science publishing an open letter", "label": [ "151719136", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "1947199808" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Iran and science publishing: an open letter", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2103922449", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2013", "title": "editors introduction to teaching about the middle east since the arab uprisings", "label": [ "3651065" ], "author": [ "2158548924", "1197496579" ], "reference": [ "1521304809", "2158581658" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Editors' Introduction to Teaching about the Middle East Since the Arab Uprisings", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1974844142", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2013", "title": "pre and post lisbon european union voting in the united nations general assembly", "label": [ "2780423727", "199539241", "520049643", "2776713681", "2779010840", "2778698365" ], "author": [ "2479768409", "1253989524" ], "reference": [ "164478380", "261110132", "322728538", "561666324", "575681052", "589572078", "653231468", "1482292958", "1485371944", "1527412032", "1567615732", "1571136350", "1574113092", "1605186412", "1641024906", "1825721998", "1964022769", "1968010943", "1968635121", "1978154894", "1993452298", "1994338037", "2000608793", "2022099241", "2053678290", "2103724807", "2107714164", "2111264564", "2142206954", "2147804011", "2156230442", "2170520686", "2222434445", "2261326549", "2263060594", "2277557729", "2291852473", "2333983184", "2349273432", "2496993490", "2518931213", "2523728129", "2897329315" ], "abstract": "this paper focuses on effects of the lisbon treaty on the coherence of eu behaviour at the un general assembly unga it theorises the eu s presence at the unga in terms of a principal agent model wherein the eu and its entire membership are considered to constitute a collective principal while the actors playing the role of the agent have varied in different phases it then investigates in the light of this framework the voting cohesion of eu member states at the unga between 1993 and 2012 paying particular attention to differences before and after the ratification of the lisbon treaty the statistical analysis shows that eu voting cohesion has been increasing in general during the last decade but the level of cohesion is not yet significantly different post lisbon as compared to pre lisbon", "title_raw": "Pre- and Post-Lisbon: European Union Voting in the United Nations General Assembly", "abstract_raw": "This paper focuses on effects of the Lisbon Treaty on the coherence of EU behaviour at the UN General Assembly (UNGA). It theorises the EU\u2019s presence at the UNGA in terms of a principal\u2013agent model wherein the EU and its entire membership are considered to constitute a collective principal while the actors playing the role of the agent have varied in different phases. It then investigates, in the light of this framework, the voting cohesion of EU member states at the UNGA between 1993 and 2012, paying particular attention to differences before and after the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty. The statistical analysis shows that EU voting cohesion has been increasing in general during the last decade, but the level of cohesion is not (yet) significantly different post-Lisbon as compared to pre-Lisbon." }, { "paper": "2028262376", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2013", "title": "the policy origins of congressional approval", "label": [ "2778203169", "83009810", "2777630927", "131364728", "520049643", "2777351106", "3116431", "134698397", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2144849484" ], "reference": [ "40764942", "95529087", "1497013238", "1976025742", "1987912231", "1988864200", "1996164053", "2001410560", "2002451181", "2013380868", "2015732314", "2017209855", "2018291456", "2027261076", "2032684151", "2037515127", "2055970067", "2067440292", "2068696179", "2071945695", "2075363045", "2077781996", "2080542487", "2083473657", "2084749785", "2090569542", "2092298252", "2095609712", "2102189756", "2110603299", "2116160928", "2137441478", "2154448804", "2157007746", "2160902753", "2164308816", "2164540423", "2316803033", "2319857710", "2320454535", "2325686429", "2329109674", "2332459918", "2334633004", "2468819506", "2495678321", "3043975471" ], "abstract": "it is widely presumed that political support is contingent on satisfaction with the policy decisions made by political authorities yet there is little evidence that support for the nation s chief legislative branch is a function of its policy outputs this research shows that congress approval ratings are linked to the degree important legislation deviates from the public s ideological mood the results of an error correction model show that these policy origins of support are as important as other determinants of approval such as partisan conflict and the economy the effect of policy divergence from public opinion is also accentuated during periods of unified government when there might be a normative expectation that shared partisan control should translate into policy success the findings substantiate conventional wisdom regarding the relationship between congressional approval and policy spatial theories of voting and models of the electoral behavior of congressional members", "title_raw": "The Policy Origins of Congressional Approval", "abstract_raw": "It is widely presumed that political support is contingent on satisfaction with the policy decisions made by political authorities. Yet, there is little evidence that support for the nation\u2019s chief legislative branch is a function of its policy outputs. This research shows that Congress\u2019 approval ratings are linked to the degree important legislation deviates from the public\u2019s ideological mood. The results of an error-correction model show that these policy origins of support are as important as other determinants of approval such as partisan conflict and the economy. The effect of policy divergence from public opinion is also accentuated during periods of unified government when there might be a normative expectation that shared partisan control should translate into policy success. The findings substantiate conventional wisdom regarding the relationship between congressional approval and policy, spatial theories of voting, and models of the electoral behavior of congressional members." }, { "paper": "2553764621", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "winning the next immigration battle", "label": [ "199539241", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2205627072" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Winning the Next Immigration Battle", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2141266997", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2013", "title": "delegated powers and inter institutional relations in the eu after lisbon a normative assessment", "label": [ "2781440851", "84425819", "3116431", "2779010840", "83009810", "2779558720", "44725695" ], "author": [ "2608990340", "1894050982" ], "reference": [ "96422086", "1525438130", "1569264908", "1605798932", "1973077207", "1977215000", "1978844326", "2019015135", "2021367149", "2094933323", "2097141731", "2105424167", "2108679088", "2124252203", "2167610862", "2180406401", "2195684175", "2292751778", "2333983184", "2499629096", "3125679698" ], "abstract": "the european union s system of delegated powers comitology underwent significant changes after the lisbon treaty entered into force this paper assesses the impact of these changes on the european parliament european commission and council it distinguishes between the changes that occurred at the level of treaty reform which generally favoured the ep in assuming a greater role in the process of policy implementation and subsequent legislative reforms and developments in soft law through which the council and the european commission have reasserted their powers while the system of delegated powers has significantly changed through the lisbon reforms it falls short of the expectations and intentions that led to these changes the key objectives behind the reform a simplification of a highly complex system of centralised policy implementation and greater democratic accountability through an upgrading of the ep s role have only partially been achieved to some extent recent developments indica", "title_raw": "Delegated Powers and Inter-Institutional Relations in the EU after Lisbon: A Normative Assessment", "abstract_raw": "The European Union\u2019s system of delegated powers, \u2018comitology\u2019, underwent significant changes after the Lisbon Treaty entered into force. This paper assesses the impact of these changes on the European Parliament, European Commission and Council. It distinguishes between the changes that occurred at the level of treaty reform (which generally favoured the EP in assuming a greater role in the process of policy-implementation) and subsequent legislative reforms and developments in soft law (through which the Council and the European Commission have reasserted their powers). While the system of delegated powers has significantly changed through the Lisbon reforms, it falls short of the expectations and intentions that led to these changes. The key objectives behind the reform \u2013 a simplification of a highly complex system of centralised policy implementation and greater democratic accountability through an upgrading of the EP\u2019s role \u2013 have only partially been achieved. To some extent recent developments indica..." }, { "paper": "2334322956", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2013", "title": "andreas glaeser political epistemics the secret police the opposition and the end of east german socialism", "label": [ "2780668109", "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2035276951" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Andreas Glaeser. Political Epistemics: The Secret Police, the Opposition, and the End of East German Socialism.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2325488112", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2013", "title": "education reform and the limits of policy lessons from michigan", "label": [ "3116431", "67141207", "552535540" ], "author": [ "2512994676" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Education Reform and the Limits of Policy: Lessons from Michigan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2560790041", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "the real drone debate", "label": [ "3651065" ], "author": [ "2560814850" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Real Drone Debate", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2322006838", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2013", "title": "power in movement social movements and contentious politics rev and updated 3d ed by sidney tarrow new york cambridge university press 2011 352p 93 00 cloth 28 99 paper strangers at the gates movements and states in contentious politics by sidney tarrow new york cambridge university press 2012 272p 95 00 cloth 26 99 paper", "label": [ "2778814104", "2776051254", "123108692" ], "author": [ "2134959647" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Rev. and updated 3d ed. By Sidney Tarrow. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2011. 352p. $93.00 cloth, $28.99 paper.Strangers at the Gates: Movements and States in Contentious Politics. By Sidney Tarrow. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. 272p. $95.00 cloth, $26.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2551493261", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "cuba after communism", "label": [ "542948173" ], "author": [ "149394534", "2145299534" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Cuba After Communism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2098222295", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2013", "title": "reasonable force the emergence of global policing power", "label": [ "2776310101", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2143801620" ], "reference": [ "193538631", "224059125", "564184894", "590120055", "601437443", "628582465", "633077249", "653453884", "1497739091", "1501085861", "1524554244", "1535580655", "1541378343", "1543845925", "1545442817", "1555205933", "1568887227", "1583795190", "1599420887", "1924983860", "1941762603", "1965595881", "1976584588", "1976816234", "1978823267", "1992373299", "2002017802", "2003583266", "2011311055", "2028110168", "2032375849", "2033974328", "2036774260", "2040990929", "2054709288", "2057873133", "2058075934", "2061075820", "2063283415", "2063968851", "2065255463", "2067888854", "2076937156", "2079369414", "2091732348", "2098339348", "2099380258", "2104983586", "2122915624", "2146018812", "2153158005", "2167170581", "2168509869", "2231745582", "2325380753", "2496035730", "2498557017", "2529302870", "2592408869", "2623028274", "2798464673", "2798919810", "2895130711", "2900123255", "3011045132", "3012030673", "3124740756" ], "abstract": "this article introduces reasonable force as ontological to the performance of late modern police power it argues that policing emerged through reasonable force as an innovation of military power and as a supplement to legal power the article tracks the development of reasonable force in late modern policing through to its emergence as a vanguard strategy of post cold war global governance police power the article finds has transformed traditional sovereign power relations to incorporate governmental power it finds policing power to be an expansive reforming force that exhibits a dynamic capacity to provide relational coherence to multi layered policing constellations from the local to the global", "title_raw": "Reasonable force: the emergence of global policing power", "abstract_raw": "This article introduces reasonable force as ontological to the performance of late modern police power. It argues that policing emerged through reasonable force as an innovation of military power and as a supplement to legal power. The article tracks the development of reasonable force in late modern policing through to its emergence as a vanguard strategy of post-Cold War global governance. Police power, the article finds, has transformed traditional sovereign power relations to incorporate governmental power. It finds policing power to be an expansive reforming force that exhibits a dynamic capacity to provide relational coherence to multi-layered policing constellations from the local to the global." }, { "paper": "3122370940", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2013", "title": "distributional conflict between powerful states and international treaty ratification", "label": [ "2779655753", "94625758", "2776748549", "2779010840", "2776713681" ], "author": [ "2344946446", "3448918" ], "reference": [ "161694844", "311565563", "619581574", "643227363", "999234595", "1011719741", "1549680791", "1573406745", "1933268579", "1966735226", "1972178529", "1982870704", "1994900288", "1999781350", "2003573179", "2005589171", "2007743835", "2018623530", "2020394947", "2027324290", "2034005314", "2035902442", "2043234688", "2046861294", "2047156377", "2050448635", "2058382513", "2058501327", "2063875796", "2068171694", "2080997480", "2083620364", "2096320618", "2097503105", "2107169610", "2113402825", "2115279058", "2123972665", "2128823216", "2129009979", "2132340558", "2133400069", "2137599576", "2141367839", "2141387892", "2143843199", "2147585060", "2151036724", "2153857466", "2155062477", "2164304100", "2164653971", "2169307901", "2172299554", "2188335042", "2260007779", "2263485613", "2295234809", "2297506879", "2326947554", "2329283878", "2476271037", "3121147769", "3121299265", "3121739968", "3122298797", "3123469584", "3123861540", "3124801673", "3124933383" ], "abstract": "why do states ratify international treaties while previous research has emphasized domestic political factors we focus on power politics in situations in which powerful states disagree on the merits of a treaty we argue that states supporting the status quo should discourage third parties from ratifying the treaty whereas challenger states should entice them to do so based on this theory we expect third parties ratification decisions to be influenced by their dependence on the conflicting states to test the theory we use data on the conflict between the united states and the european union over the regulation of trade in genetically modified organisms the european union created a new treaty the cartagena protocol to enhance biosafety regulation and propagate the precautionary principle over the sound science principle defended by the united states our quantitative analysis shows that ratification decisions of third parties were influenced by relations to and dependence on the clashing giants", "title_raw": "Distributional Conflict Between Powerful States and International Treaty Ratification", "abstract_raw": "Why do states ratify international treaties? While previous research has emphasized domestic political factors, we focus on power politics in situations in which powerful states disagree on the merits of a treaty. We argue that states supporting the status quo should discourage third parties from ratifying the treaty, whereas challenger states should entice them to do so. Based on this theory, we expect third parties\u2019 ratification decisions to be influenced by their dependence on the conflicting states. To test the theory, we use data on the conflict between the United States and the European Union over the regulation of trade in genetically modified organisms. The European Union created a new treaty, the Cartagena Protocol, to enhance biosafety regulation and propagate the \u201cprecautionary principle\u201d over the \u201csound science principle\u201d defended by the United States. Our quantitative analysis shows that ratification decisions of third parties were influenced by relations to and dependence on the clashing giants." }, { "paper": "2152760327", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2013", "title": "toward an overlapping dissensus the search for inclusivity in the political thought of dissent magazine", "label": [ "79841651", "199539241", "523173360", "23381644", "547727832", "2777733916", "501299471", "190475667", "542948173" ], "author": [ "2090182055" ], "reference": [ "426798801", "569630669", "577407793", "590604493", "602697811", "616381803", "648584325", "658044530", "1505634782", "1553836925", "1570462913", "1597360260", "1970059992", "1976460644", "1983149402", "1987751491", "1990773926", "1998467036", "2002302458", "2010692908", "2036442212", "2036840323", "2038635188", "2040680796", "2041873381", "2050005485", "2051898387", "2061099812", "2068694121", "2095311334", "2131087954", "2135341515", "2222737369", "2332246386", "2506992035", "2511581840", "2744742630", "3082266050", "3132265589", "3162901036", "3178617704" ], "abstract": "abstractthis article explores the connection between political theory and political commentary in the editorial stance of dissent magazine s staff especially irving howe lewis coser and michael walzer it argues that central to the political thought of the dissent circle was a rejection of ideological puritanism on the american left dissent s theoretical contribution was to develop a space for a policy oriented social democratic platform that draws on both liberalism and communism while transforming them thus howe sought a socialism that drew on valuable liberal insights while walzer looked for a permanent uneasy coexistence between social democracy liberalism and communitarianism keywordsdissent howe walzer social democracy coserever since its establishment in 1954 dissent magazine has defined itself as advocating a type of democratic socialist thought that emerges out of mainstream ameri can political traditions following the negative reviews of fellow new york intellectuals1 norman podhoretz and daniel bell in the 1950s critics of the magazine have held that in trying to transcend both liberalism and marx ist socialism dissent succeeded in transcending neither and could not be taken to uphold a form of socialism bell 1960 2000 311 glazer 1954 podhoretz 1958 579 for discussion see bloom 1986 285 90 jumonville 1991 83 86 dissent in this view would be more accu rately titled consent in this article i take seriously dissent s claim to espouse a form of democratic socialism and detail the development of that position over the life of the maga zine for two reasons dissent s position could equally accurately be called liberal socialism first it develops out of values common to liberalism and socialism alike such as tolerance pluralism decentralization auton omy and participation second it seeks to incorporate liberal elements into the radical movement alongside socialists and all radical groups other than stalinists and fellow travelers howe 1954 dissent was from its foundation a product of the post stalinist left and most of its work has been an attempt to develop a socialism that avoids what it took to be the calamity of the soviet experiment this socialism would incorporate liberal insights including pluralism and faith in the market and socialize them with communitarian elements dissent s advocacy of liberal values is in my interpreta tion the result of a belief that the american left s tendency toward sectarianism and factionalism has foiled any pos sibility of success but for principled not merely strategic reasons the ideological puritanism that the dissent circle ascribes to such rivals as the american communist party the new left and in particular students for a democratic society sds ensured that american radicalism failed to pay sufficient attention to the admirable features of main stream american political traditions such commentators as irving howe lewis coser michael harrington ben seligman and michael walzer spent their careers arguing that to be successful an american radicalism must draw on the real insights of american liberalism even as it refuses to consent to the inequalities generated by american capitalism the radical movement must not seek to tear up american society and start from scratch but must base itself in the traditions that we live by while attempting to transform them or risk failing to recognize what is impor tant to the lives of american citizens i take it then that the work of dissent is an exemplar of what walzer has called social criticism in that its purpose is to hold up a mirror to americans to demon strate the difference between the values that they claim to uphold and the practices that they actually live by walzer 1987 1988b dissent s goal was not to transcend marxism or liberalism but to draw on both traditions while challenging them to live up to their core ideals", "title_raw": "Toward an Overlapping Dissensus: The Search for Inclusivity in the Political Thought of Dissent magazine", "abstract_raw": "AbstractThis article explores the connection between political theory and political commentary in the editorial stance of Dissent magazine's staff, especially Irving Howe, Lewis Coser, and Michael Walzer. It argues that central to the political thought of the Dissent circle was a rejection of ideological Puritanism on the American left. Dissent's theoretical contribution was to develop a space for a policy-oriented social democratic platform that draws on both liberalism and communism while transforming them. Thus, Howe sought a socialism that drew on valuable liberal insights, while Walzer looked for a permanent uneasy coexistence between social democracy, liberalism, and communitarianism.KeywordsDissent, Howe, Walzer, social democracy, CoserEver since its establishment in 1954, Dissent magazine has defined itself as advocating a type of democratic socialist thought that emerges out of mainstream Ameri- can political traditions. Following the negative reviews of fellow New York Intellectuals1 Norman Podhoretz and Daniel Bell in the 1950s, critics of the magazine have held that, in trying to transcend both liberalism and Marx- ist socialism, Dissent succeeded in transcending neither and could not be taken to uphold a form of socialism (Bell [1960] 2000, 311; Glazer 1954; Podhoretz 1958, 579; for discussion, see Bloom 1986, 285-90; Jumonville 1991, 83-86). Dissent, in this view, would be more accu- rately titled Consent.In this article, I take seriously Dissent's claim to espouse a form of democratic socialism, and detail the development of that position over the life of the maga- zine. For two reasons, Dissent's position could equally accurately be called liberal socialism. First, it develops out of values common to liberalism and socialism alike, such as tolerance, pluralism, decentralization, auton- omy, and participation. Second, it seeks to incorporate liberal elements into the radical movement, alongside socialists and all radical groups other than Stalinists and fellow travelers (Howe 1954). Dissent was from its foundation a product of the post-Stalinist left, and most of its work has been an attempt to develop a socialism that avoids what it took to be the calamity of the Soviet experiment. This socialism would incorporate liberal insights, including pluralism and faith in the market, and socialize them with communitarian elements.Dissent's advocacy of liberal values is, in my interpreta- tion, the result of a belief that the American left's tendency toward sectarianism and factionalism has foiled any pos- sibility of success, but for principled, not merely strategic, reasons. The ideological Puritanism that the Dissent circle ascribes to such rivals as the American Communist Party, the New Left, and, in particular, Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) ensured that American radicalism failed to pay sufficient attention to the admirable features of main- stream American political traditions. Such commentators as Irving Howe, Lewis Coser, Michael Harrington, Ben Seligman, and Michael Walzer spent their careers arguing that, to be successful, an American radicalism must draw on the real insights of American liberalism even as it refuses to consent to the inequalities generated by American capitalism. The radical movement must not seek to tear up American society and start from scratch but must base itself in the traditions that we live by, while attempting to transform them, or risk failing to recognize what is impor- tant to the lives of American citizens.I take it, then, that the work of Dissent is an exemplar of what Walzer has called \"social criticism,\" in that its purpose is to hold up a mirror to Americans to demon- strate the difference between the values that they claim to uphold and the practices that they actually live by (Walzer 1987, 1988b). Dissent's goal was not to transcend Marxism or liberalism, but to draw on both traditions while challenging them to live up to their core ideals. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2129119476", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2013", "title": "politics culture and sociability in the basque nationalist party by roland vazquez reno university of nevada press 2010 296p 39 95", "label": [ "521449643", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2312698680" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Politics, Culture, and Sociability in the Basque Nationalist Party . By Roland Vazquez. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2010. 296p. $39.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2098220648", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2013", "title": "time to kill the impact of election timing on postconflict stability", "label": [ "17058734", "27462124", "3116431", "183761623", "555826173", "81631423", "94625758", "2781395907" ], "author": [ "284920200", "2159624037" ], "reference": [ "192962276", "240234853", "585119582", "638909035", "645226663", "1489097368", "1503866564", "1511118900", "1525347234", "1533593992", "1568018562", "1577489325", "1990928081", "1994330466", "2001016723", "2006497185", "2024865630", "2030767791", "2051746693", "2057238339", "2059756985", "2065105119", "2071494261", "2082408198", "2083620364", "2099304543", "2108159867", "2111078766", "2115057879", "2116630363", "2120395387", "2131960352", "2136484149", "2139529156", "2139577967", "2146541291", "2147194563", "2147657542", "2151780178", "2154363475", "2155484256", "2159191507", "2226327248", "2259228331", "2299869829", "2479825151", "2730925010", "2802612276", "3122918674" ], "abstract": "elections constitute a fundamental element of postconflict peacebuilding efforts in the post cold war era and are often held soon after conflicts end yet the impact of early elections on postconflict stability is the subject of sharp debate while some argue that early elections facilitate peace agreements hasten democratization and ensure postconflict stability others suggest that they undermine genuine democracy and spark a renewal in fighting in this study we argue that holding elections soon after a civil war ends generally increases the likelihood of renewed fighting but that favorable conditions including decisive victories demobilization peacekeeping power sharing and strong political administrative and judicial institutions can mitigate this risk we attempt to reconcile the extant qualitative debate on postconflict elections through a quantitative analysis of all civil wars ending in the post world war ii period", "title_raw": "Time to Kill: The Impact of Election Timing on Postconflict Stability", "abstract_raw": "Elections constitute a fundamental element of postconflict peacebuilding efforts in the post\u2013cold war era and are often held soon after conflicts end. Yet, the impact of early elections on postconflict stability is the subject of sharp debate. While some argue that early elections facilitate peace agreements, hasten democratization, and ensure postconflict stability, others suggest that they undermine genuine democracy and spark a renewal in fighting. In this study, we argue that holding elections soon after a civil war ends generally increases the likelihood of renewed fighting, but that favorable conditions, including decisive victories, demobilization, peacekeeping, power sharing, and strong political, administrative and judicial institutions, can mitigate this risk. We attempt to reconcile the extant qualitative debate on postconflict elections through a quantitative analysis of all civil wars ending in the post\u2013World War II period." }, { "paper": "2106690323", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2013", "title": "determinants of representatives votes on the flake amendment to end national science foundation funding of political science research", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758", "3116431", "2780966255" ], "author": [ "1503858531", "345889393" ], "reference": [ "1996663164", "1998670119", "2017184608", "2021049008", "2027896425", "2046782908", "2065775761", "2093240968", "2094647264", "2103490188", "2117087586", "2131979266", "2151796435" ], "abstract": "in may 2012 political scientists learned of efforts by representative jeff flake r az to eliminate political science funding from thenational science foundation nsf budget theamericanpoliticalscienceassociation apsa was caughtoff guard andconcerned political scientists scrambled to contact their representatives and urge the amendment s defeat flake s initial effort to cut funds overall from the nsf was defeated but a second measure specifically to keep the nsf from funding political science passed only hours later this was the second time in three years that legislators targeted the nsf political science program although thesemeasures have been sponsored andwidely supported by republicans somedemocrats have supported thesemeasures as well this articleexaminesthevoteontheflakeamendmenttounderstandwhyindividualrepresentatives voted for or against cuttingnsf funding for political science research the national science foundation nsf supports political science research by faculty as well as by undergraduate and graduate students in fiscal year 2011 the political science program spent about 1 000 000 on new research training andworkshop projects and dissertation grants 1 in 2009 this important source of research funding was threatened when senator tom coburn r ok filed an amendment to eliminate political science funding from the nsf budget coburn argued that political science really is not science at all and that theories on political behavior are best left to cnn pollsters pundits historians candidates political parties and the voters rather than being funded out of taxpayers wallets 2 the coburn amendment as it came to be known was defeated in the senate with little debate studies analyzing that amendment found that while party was the largest determinant of senators votes the number of highly rated political science phd programs in each state the proportion of each state s population with an advanced degree and whether the senator had majored in political science as an undergraduate significantly influenced the votes as well uscinski and klofstad 2010 following the defeat of the coburn amendment it seemed political science nsf funding was safe thus when representative jeff flake r az sought to diminish nsf funding in may 2012 theamericanpolitical scienceassociation apsa was seemingly caught off guard and political scientists were only told of flake s efforts as they unfolded unlike the coburn amendment there was little build up to flake s proposals because they were not subject to a drawn out committee process representative flake first introduced an amendment to reduce overallnsf funding by 1 25 billion returning it to pre stimulus 2008 funding levels the vote took place may 9 2012 the joseph e uscinski is assistant professor of political science at the university of miami he earned his phd at university of arizona and currently teaches and researches mass media and public opinion he can be reached at uscinski miami edu casey a klofstad is associate professor of political science at the university of miami he studies the influence of society and biology on human decision making he is the author of civic talk peers politics and the future of democracy temple university press he can be reached at klofstad gmail com", "title_raw": "Determinants of Representatives' Votes on the Flake Amendment to End National Science Foundation Funding of Political Science Research", "abstract_raw": "In May 2012, political scientists learned of efforts by representative Jeff Flake (R-AZ) to eliminate political science funding from theNational Science Foundation (NSF) budget.TheAmericanPoliticalScienceAssociation (APSA)was caughtoff-guard, andconcerned political scientists scrambled to contact their representatives and urge the amendment\u2019s defeat. Flake\u2019s initial effort to cut funds overall from the NSF was defeated, but a second measure, specifically to keep the NSF from funding political science, passed only hours later. This was the second time in three years that legislators targeted the NSF Political Science Program. Although thesemeasures have been sponsored andwidely supported by Republicans, someDemocrats have supported thesemeasures as well. This articleexaminesthevoteontheFlakeAmendmenttounderstandwhyindividualrepresentatives voted for or against cuttingNSF funding for political science research. The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports political science research by faculty, as well as by undergraduate and graduate students. In fiscal year 2011, the Political Science Program spent about $1,000,000 on new research, training andworkshop projects, and dissertation grants.1 In 2009, this important source of research funding was threatened when senator Tom Coburn (R-OK) filed an amendment to eliminate political science funding from the NSF budget. Coburn argued that political science \u201creally is not science at all\u201d and that \u201ctheories on political behavior are best left to CNN, pollsters, pundits, historians, candidates, political parties, and the voters, rather than being funded out of taxpayers\u2019 wallets.\u201d2 The Coburn Amendment, as it came to be known, was defeated in the Senate with little debate. Studies analyzing that amendment found that while party was the largest determinant of senators\u2019 votes, the number of highly rated political science PhD programs in each state, the proportion of each state\u2019s population with an advanced degree, and whether the senator had majored in political science as an undergraduate significantly influenced the votes as well (Uscinski and Klofstad 2010). Following the defeat of the Coburn Amendment, it seemed political science NSF funding was safe. Thus, when representative Jeff Flake (R-AZ) sought to diminish NSF funding in May 2012, theAmericanPolitical ScienceAssociation (APSA)was seemingly caught off-guard, and political scientists were only told of Flake\u2019s efforts as they unfolded. Unlike the Coburn Amendment, there was little build-up to Flake\u2019s proposals because they were not subject to a drawn-out committee process. Representative Flake first introduced an amendment to reduce overallNSF funding by $1.25 billion, returning it to \u201cpre-stimulus\u201d 2008 funding levels. The vote took place May 9, 2012; the Joseph E. Uscinski is assistant professor of political science at the University of Miami. He earned his PhD at University of Arizona and currently teaches and researches mass media and public opinion. He can be reached at Uscinski@miami.edu. Casey A. Klofstad is associate professor of political science at the University of Miami. He studies the influence of society and biology on human decision-making. He is the author of Civic Talk: Peers, Politics, and the Future of Democracy (Temple University Press). He can be reached at klofstad@gmail.com." }, { "paper": "2330865594", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2013", "title": "a proposal for enhanced supervision of the refugee convention", "label": [ "169437150", "173145845", "199539241", "2776398702", "2780608745", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2807118133" ], "reference": [ "7898919", "1598137234", "2023211441", "2477351488", "2494239175", "2783139327", "3122294867", "3124757870" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Proposal for Enhanced Supervision of the Refugee Convention", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2063982716", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2013", "title": "politics turkey s scientists can t ignore politics", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2682386562" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Politics: Turkey's scientists can't ignore politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1926768241", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2013", "title": "the postcolonial state in africa fifty years of independence 1960 2010 by crawford young madison university of wisconsin press 2012 424 pp paper 31 95", "label": [ "2776398702", "2777799818" ], "author": [ "2180386003" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960\u20132010 by Crawford Young. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 2012. 424 pp. Paper, $31.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2755796005", "venue": "49968029", "year": "2013", "title": "the role of the president of russia in the realizationof constitution principles of federalism the unityof state power and division of powers", "label": [ "62139897", "2776154427", "533735693", "31875427", "126053111", "2776051254", "129794794", "199539241", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2754392884" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Role of the President of Russia in the Realizationof Constitution Principles of Federalism, the Unityof State Power and Division of Powers", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2991293725", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2013", "title": "of empires and citizens pro american democracy or no democracy at all", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2005428888" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Of Empires and Citizens: Pro-American Democracy or No Democracy At All?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "837934945", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2013", "title": "government on the silver screen contemporary american cinema s depiction of attractive capable bureaucrats incompetent cops and brave soldiers", "label": [ "199539241", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2069066961", "1851950172" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Government on the Silver Screen: Contemporary American Cinema\u2019s Depiction of Attractive, Capable Bureaucrats, Incompetent Cops, and Brave Soldiers", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2328097138", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2013", "title": "psychiatry framework seeks to reform diagnostic doctrine", "label": [ "199539241", "2776211767" ], "author": [ "1986577267" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Psychiatry framework seeks to reform diagnostic doctrine", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2053324782", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2013", "title": "islamist moderation in perspective comparative analysis of the moderation of islamist and western communist parties", "label": [ "555826173", "2776398702", "542948173", "537338633", "94625758", "58823610", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2221399991", "2136825828" ], "reference": [ "79879342", "153593738", "306780253", "625830546", "642271469", "648025624", "651281589", "1482188758", "1497093481", "1553265852", "1574895500", "1582510048", "1594449175", "1598448267", "1973481185", "1974305747", "1974470812", "1976185983", "1976365691", "1977825494", "1979586307", "1981713723", "1985015446", "1994023823", "1995406940", "1997520602", "2006765026", "2011459573", "2027938172", "2035477701", "2038631063", "2040615615", "2046754000", "2057853226", "2062287519", "2066017243", "2072349337", "2081130037", "2084144777", "2087742852", "2089558067", "2089933851", "2094736317", "2100741670", "2101347788", "2104929783", "2106241166", "2108123747", "2114079470", "2115498803", "2115601936", "2128096974", "2133729943", "2136767046", "2143128389", "2154450241", "2154753769", "2162578013", "2165901585", "2175647277", "2316354684", "2317616324", "2319774250", "2320192505", "2322015594", "2324863660", "2333077126", "2333764721", "2496325201", "2801167360", "3125254512" ], "abstract": "what forms do islamist moderation take and which factors underlie each form of moderation although a prevalent question in recent years less is known about the causes and forms of islamist moderation in a systematic fashion by building on the findings of communist moderation literature we introduce a two stage framework to explain variation in islamist party moderation over time and across space tactical vs ideological moderation tactical moderation refers to the kind of moderation where radical parties make a decision on whether to accept electoral democracy as a means to achieve ideological goals without compromising their platforms structural factors such as political liberalization international factors and state repression are causes of tactical moderation ideological moderation pertains to shifts in a platform from a radical niche to more moderate lines to respond to societal changes economic liberalization economic growth electoral loss and changing voter preferences to gain greater", "title_raw": "Islamist moderation in perspective: comparative analysis of the moderation of Islamist and Western communist parties", "abstract_raw": "What forms do Islamist moderation take, and which factors underlie each form of moderation? Although a prevalent question in recent years, less is known about the causes and forms of Islamist moderation in a systematic fashion. By building on the findings of Communist moderation literature, we introduce a two-stage framework to explain variation in Islamist party moderation over time and across space: tactical vs. ideological moderation. Tactical moderation refers to the kind of moderation where radical parties make a decision on whether to accept electoral democracy as a means to achieve ideological goals without compromising their platforms. Structural factors such as political liberalization, international factors and state repression are causes of tactical moderation. Ideological moderation pertains to shifts in a platform from a radical niche to more moderate lines to respond to societal changes (economic liberalization, economic growth, electoral loss and changing voter preferences) to gain greater ..." }, { "paper": "2075852700", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2013", "title": "projection effects and specification bias in spatial models of european parliament elections", "label": [ "2777094542", "82834280", "39549134", "2781440851" ], "author": [ "2945179940", "1979667988" ], "reference": [ "124108810", "589940874", "1152283651", "1594936623", "1925504877", "1934425758", "1966114254", "1977825494", "1990216633", "1999047539", "2002773225", "2014169941", "2021652027", "2022146198", "2052424763", "2055326952", "2071993061", "2092298252", "2104917544", "2108167139", "2121441023", "2121811560", "2123612632", "2127664981", "2130791773", "2131379912", "2141375755", "2142769993", "2147805916", "2148101642", "2333521714", "2475774137" ], "abstract": "substantial empirical evidence suggests that voters cast their ballot not only by considering the different policy positions of parties or candidates but also appear to pull candidates parties the", "title_raw": "Projection effects and specification bias in spatial models of European Parliament elections", "abstract_raw": "Substantial empirical evidence suggests that voters cast their ballot not only by considering the different policy positions of parties or candidates, but also appear to pull candidates/parties the..." }, { "paper": "2119755529", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2013", "title": "the president s legislative policy agenda 1789 2002 by jeffrey e cohen new york cambridge university press 2012 310p 85 00 cloth 29 99 paper the president s czars undermining congress and the constitution by mitchel a sollenberger and mark j rozell lawrence university press of kansas 2012 356p 39 95 cloth 24 95 paper", "label": [ "2776154427", "83009810", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2032362488" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The President's Legislative Policy Agenda, 1789\u20132002 . By Jeffrey E. Cohen. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. 310p. $85.00 cloth, $29.99 paper. The President's Czars: Undermining Congress and the Constitution . By Mitchel A. Sollenberger and Mark J. Rozell. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2012. 356p. $39.95 cloth, $24.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1857952749", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2013", "title": "from frontier to bridgehead cross border regions and the experience of yunnan china", "label": [ "191935318", "2776398702", "2778431023", "2778571376" ], "author": [ "1966793196" ], "reference": [ "65771714", "123266359", "618422735", "630475953", "1235499694", "1489901752", "1502624808", "1513313904", "1536429997", "1547182274", "1561988845", "1591209570", "1974422040", "1985260944", "1991651433", "1994568294", "2005271725", "2006818855", "2008700764", "2009218478", "2023805199", "2027882651", "2032953407", "2041482921", "2048335739", "2049717705", "2053325398", "2053895229", "2054136680", "2061560225", "2061684000", "2075663498", "2111027044", "2123767382", "2123966932", "2127883546", "2136385388", "2144589763", "2157854828", "2165304588", "2167911813", "2170807424", "2477465903", "2492143333", "3122357228", "3124964829", "3125251249", "3140093003" ], "abstract": "drawing on recent theoretical tenets regarding cross border regions this article analyzes china s state spatial policies that aim to transform yunnan from a peripheral frontier into an economic bridgehead the purposes of the present study are threefold to contextualize the formation of yunnan as china s frontier to examine why yunnan has been strategically selected as a bridgehead to promote china s transnational economies and to explore the central provincial alliance as an innovative institutional arrangement and look at how this alliance can convert yunnan into a space of exception or new state space of development this study finds that in order to convert regional assets into real competitiveness the chinese state national provincial and local emphasizes transnational cooperation endeavors to maximize yunnan s place specific locational advantages and promotes the differentiation of regional developmental trajectories across china s national territory the article contributes to studies of institutional arrangements for cross border cooperation in a non western context and sheds light on china s regional development policies in its hinterland", "title_raw": "From Frontier to Bridgehead: Cross\u2010border Regions and the Experience of Yunnan, China", "abstract_raw": "Drawing on recent theoretical tenets regarding cross-border regions, this article analyzes China's state spatial policies that aim to transform Yunnan from a peripheral frontier into an economic bridgehead. The purposes of the present study are threefold: to contextualize the formation of Yunnan as China's frontier; to examine why Yunnan has been strategically selected as a bridgehead to promote China's transnational economies; and to explore the central-provincial alliance as an innovative institutional arrangement and look at how this alliance can convert Yunnan into a space of exception or new state space of development. This study finds that in order to convert regional assets into real competitiveness, the Chinese state (national, provincial and local) emphasizes transnational cooperation, endeavors to maximize Yunnan's place-specific locational advantages and promotes the differentiation of regional developmental trajectories across China's national territory. The article contributes to studies of institutional arrangements for cross-border cooperation in a non- Western context and sheds light on China's regional development policies in its hinterland." }, { "paper": "2151582269", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2013", "title": "ethnic conflict and cooperation assessing citizenship in nigerian federalism", "label": [ "44725695", "62908951", "2780781376", "2777593458", "3116431", "533735693", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2576672105" ], "reference": [ "41490514", "199431366", "351399664", "1587287120", "1587641581", "1981644772", "1995331869", "1995550431", "2000531788", "2005769800", "2033367003", "2039904673", "2050032851", "2119003463", "2127834474", "2139812382", "2170951754", "2245236560", "2245834509", "2267768477", "2489329225", "2507116706", "2520380719", "3042411947", "3165966921" ], "abstract": "this article examines indigeneity based citizenship in nigerian federalism finding that the constitutional definition of membership in the component states in terms of indigeneity is unjust even though it has enabled both majority and minority groups to enjoy internal self government rights and to participate in the central government it notes that citizens within the federal entity share common institutions and that these citizens ought to have federative rights thus there is a normative alternative to indigeneity conationals who take up residence in any of the states ought to be members of that state", "title_raw": "Ethnic Conflict and Cooperation: Assessing Citizenship in Nigerian Federalism", "abstract_raw": "This article examines indigeneity-based citizenship in Nigerian federalism, finding that the constitutional definition of membership in the component states in terms of indigeneity is unjust even though it has enabled both majority and minority groups to enjoy internal self-government rights and to participate in the central government. It notes that citizens within the federal entity share common institutions and that these citizens ought to have federative rights. Thus, there is a normative alternative to indigeneity\u2014conationals who take up residence in any of the states ought to be members of that state." }, { "paper": "2554143182", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "the truth about geoengineering", "label": [ "49427245" ], "author": [ "2258529697", "2134353726", "2122875338", "1815195773", "1973045337" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Truth About Geoengineering", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2321720229", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2013", "title": "kenneth w mack representing the race the creation of the civil rights lawyer", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2332624246" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Kenneth W. Mack. Representing the Race: The Creation of the Civil Rights Lawyer.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1947972554", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2013", "title": "activists in the making urban movements political processes and the creation of political subjects", "label": [ "2779808665", "94625758", "2777874013" ], "author": [ "2288519504" ], "reference": [ "947539452", "1790429299", "1826013016", "1969968666", "1970113859", "1972154251", "1972190550", "1973291788", "1973641038", "1973840157", "1977573967", "1980089475", "1980689230", "1982772829", "1982864851", "1986048675", "1995139163", "2007123482", "2007796832", "2015316361", "2021375899", "2029056374", "2029425540", "2032227439", "2041433930", "2043722171", "2045097303", "2048833326", "2052487437", "2054111297", "2058427515", "2060015638", "2063523699", "2078567379", "2078789041", "2083542553", "2083860839", "2085889014", "2087593609", "2089463556", "2093942493", "2103754512", "2107568424", "2110521486", "2111111919", "2116008496", "2119406668", "2121616518", "2122025513", "2122330226", "2125409851", "2135411872", "2137540453", "2140074245", "2143610508", "2144525546", "2153697515", "2156685034", "2158041734", "2160121969", "2319223839", "2887201789" ], "abstract": "abstract a constant and largely unquestioned characteristic of contemporary studies of urban movements is their conception of the activist subject the reflective agent or doer who participates in and shapes urban movements whereas it has become increasingly common in other scholarly research to regard the subject as a contingent context specific outcome or creation studies of urban movements have not been swayed the latter even as they proceed to conceptualize more and more of the urban scene in terms of malleable processes rather than inert structures have continued to regard the makeup of the activist subject as universal and invariable this article in contrast proposes and explores a different approach through a review of the recent urban movements literature a focused consideration of potentially complementary literatures and a demonstrative case study this article aims to show that it is possible and indeed worthwhile to examine how political subjects are contingently remade both prior to and through their active participation in contentious urban politics the remaking of political subjects it concludes is often central to the formation and achievements of urban movements devoting increased attention to this process alongside other already recognized political processes could therefore promote a richer more complex understanding of activism and the ever changing city resume les etudes contemporaines sur les mouvements urbains partagent une caracteristique rarement remise en cause a savoir leur conception du sujet militant individu agissant ou agent reflechi qui participe a ces mouvements et les faconne alors que les autres domaines de recherches considerent de plus en plus souvent le sujet comme un produit ou une creation contingente propre au contexte les etudes sur les mouvements urbains ont echappea cette tendance meme si elles se sont mises a conceptualiser la scene urbaine en termes de processus malleables plus largement qu en termes de structures inertes elles ont continuea considerer le profil du sujet militant comme universel et invariable une approche differente est proposee et analysee ici en examinant la litterature recente sur les mouvements urbains ainsi que les publications susceptibles de les completer et une etude de cas probante cet article montre qu il est possible et assurement utile d etudier comment les sujets politiques sont recomposes en fonction des situations a la fois avant et gr ce a leur participation active a une politique urbaine controversee en conclusion la recomposition des sujets politiques est souvent essentielle a la formation et aux reussites des mouvements urbains accorder une attention accrue a ce processus parallelement a d autres processus politiques deja reconnus pourrait donc favoriser une conception plus riche et plus complexe de l activisme et de la ville en constante evolution", "title_raw": "Activists in the Making: Urban Movements, Political Processes and the Creation of Political Subjects", "abstract_raw": "Abstract\r\nA constant and largely unquestioned characteristic of contemporary studies of urban movements is their conception of the activist \u2018subject\u2019\u2014 the reflective agent or \u2018doer\u2019 who participates in, and shapes, urban movements. Whereas it has become increasingly common in other scholarly research to regard the subject as a contingent, context-specific outcome or creation, studies of urban movements have not been swayed. The latter, even as they proceed to conceptualize more and more of the urban scene in terms of malleable \u2018processes\u2019 rather than inert \u2018structures\u2019, have continued to regard the makeup of the activist subject as universal and invariable. This article, in contrast, proposes and explores a different approach. Through a review of the recent urban movements literature, a focused consideration of potentially complementary literatures, and a demonstrative case study, this article aims to show that it is possible and indeed worthwhile to examine how political subjects are contingently remade both prior to, and through, their active participation in contentious urban politics. The remaking of political subjects, it concludes, is often central to the formation and achievements of urban movements. Devoting increased attention to this process \u2014 alongside other, already-recognized political processes \u2014 could, therefore, promote a richer, more complex understanding of activism and the ever-changing city.\r\n\r\nResume\r\nLes etudes contemporaines sur les mouvements urbains partagent une caracteristique rarement remise en cause, a savoir leur conception du \u2018sujet\u2019 militant, individu agissant ou agent reflechi qui participe a ces mouvements et les faconne. Alors que les autres domaines de recherches considerent de plus en plus souvent le sujet comme un produit ou une creation contingente propre au contexte, les etudes sur les mouvements urbains ont echappea cette tendance. Meme si elles se sont mises a conceptualiser la scene urbaine en termes de \u2018processus\u2019 malleables plus largement qu'en termes de \u2018structures\u2019 inertes, elles ont continuea considerer le profil du sujet militant comme universel et invariable. Une approche differente est proposee et analysee ici. En examinant la litterature recente sur les mouvements urbains, ainsi que les publications susceptibles de les completer et une etude de cas probante, cet article montre qu'il est possible, et assurement utile, d'etudier comment les sujets politiques sont recomposes en fonction des situations, a la fois avant et gr\u00e2ce a leur participation active a une politique urbaine controversee. En conclusion, la recomposition des sujets politiques est souvent essentielle a la formation et aux reussites des mouvements urbains. Accorder une attention accrue a ce processus \u2014 parallelement a d'autres processus politiques deja reconnus \u2014 pourrait donc favoriser une conception plus riche et plus complexe de l'activisme et de la ville en constante evolution." }, { "paper": "2316438237", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2013", "title": "us government scientists head back to work", "label": [ "148834064", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2075555418", "2144011504", "2162805146" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "US government scientists head back to work", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2551801077", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "austerity with chinese characteristics", "label": [ "69828861", "191935318" ], "author": [ "1896869376" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Austerity with Chinese Characteristics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2156715429", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2013", "title": "dangerous liaisons dyadic power transitions and the risk of militarized disputes and wars", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "1994415940", "2209315957" ], "reference": [ "45878808", "635859965", "1481883759", "1527836078", "1566561834", "1568853095", "1584789652", "1978181693", "1979806961", "1980399218", "1987566178", "1993054312", "1999737459", "2012293372", "2018816462", "2023744916", "2027930544", "2047156377", "2059225194", "2061604647", "2063965244", "2069910571", "2070729199", "2078600488", "2078941289", "2078970047", "2080060564", "2083620364", "2095456486", "2097184685", "2099638231", "2114489256", "2118613808", "2126962124", "2133439075", "2135971091", "2147398565", "2155458864", "2165152929", "2166735555", "2170949493", "2254021496", "2319723126", "2325677953", "2329258037", "3145576211" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dangerous Liaisons: Dyadic Power Transitions and the Risk of Militarized Disputes and Wars", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2092335777", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2013", "title": "a new dawn for mental health", "label": [ "39549134", "191935318", "184386139", "160735492", "46295352" ], "author": [ "1982451457" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "after the 1949 revolution mental health work had been branded a bourgeois science with drug treatment in many psychiatric hospitals replaced by readings today psychiatry has gained legitimacy but psychiatrists still complain of a poor mental health infrastructure and measly salaries thus many cheered when china s health ministry announced in 2009 that it was making mental health a key focus area of its sweeping health care reforms", "title_raw": "A new dawn for mental health.", "abstract_raw": "After the 1949 revolution, mental health work had been branded a bourgeois science, with drug treatment in many psychiatric hospitals replaced by readings . Today, psychiatry has gained legitimacy, but psychiatrists still complain of a poor mental health infrastructure and measly salaries. Thus, many cheered when China's health ministry announced in 2009 that it was making mental health a key focus area of its sweeping health care reforms." }, { "paper": "2781809330", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2013", "title": "patients of the state the politics of waiting in argentina by javier auyero", "label": [ "2776398702", "94625758" ], "author": [ "240377117" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Patients of the State: The Politics of Waiting in Argentina by Javier Auyero", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2080392792", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2013", "title": "the limits of the state coercion and consent in chinese tibet", "label": [ "2776398702", "2776153805", "186229450", "158071213", "199539241", "2776051254", "191935318", "135121143", "2779101304" ], "author": [ "2003165798" ], "reference": [ "577781082", "593643224", "653163106", "763457821", "1226783057", "1494931083", "1503481306", "1828617744", "1984102503", "1997640388", "2015503106", "2024706212", "2039271387", "2064943648", "2065926080", "2067751850", "2077852363", "2079153964", "2085899856", "2088998446", "2131638131", "2139162692", "2154833800", "2156133451", "2161239710", "2164025745", "2166148373", "2172089423", "2211588188", "2261545227", "2280993064", "2317603374", "2478367948", "2497197035", "2582985779", "2796440293", "2797870159", "2977349389", "3160387002" ], "abstract": "although china s tibetans profoundly mistrust the ideologies of the party state associating them with illegitimate practices of domination protest and revolt are rare and effectively suppressed this might be seen as quasi colonial domination the state securing subjection through the performance of paramount power demonstrated by its suppression of the 2008 protests or it could be attributed to a form of indirect rule by which local officials engage with local leaders to generate hegemonic consent while both dynamics are present on the tibetan plateau ethnographic fieldwork among the tibetan populations of qinghai and gansu provinces reveals that consent is primarily generated by local officials who negotiate a form of local order with religious and tribal leaders ignoring the ideological demands of their superiors they engage constructively with the expectations of the tibetans about how order should be maintained and in doing so subvert the state s ideal of uniform and unitary sovereignty", "title_raw": "The Limits of the State: Coercion and Consent in Chinese Tibet", "abstract_raw": "Although China's Tibetans profoundly mistrust the ideologies of the party-state, associating them with illegitimate practices of domination, protest and revolt are rare and effectively suppressed. This might be seen as quasi-colonial domination, the state securing subjection through the performance of paramount power, demonstrated by its suppression of the 2008 protests, or it could be attributed to a form of indirect rule, by which local officials engage with local leaders to generate hegemonic consent. While both dynamics are present on the Tibetan plateau, ethnographic fieldwork among the Tibetan populations of Qinghai and Gansu Provinces reveals that consent is primarily generated by local officials who negotiate a form of local order with religious and tribal leaders. Ignoring the ideological demands of their superiors, they engage constructively with the expectations of the Tibetans about how order should be maintained and, in doing so, subvert the state's ideal of uniform and unitary sovereignty." }, { "paper": "2331437285", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2013", "title": "becoming a migrant vietnamese emigration to east asia", "label": [ "76775654", "104151175" ], "author": [ "2132272996", "2103797202" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Becoming a migrant : vietnamese emigration to East Asia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2071857619", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2013", "title": "maternal and child nutrition", "label": [ "2778431023", "2780400262", "39549134", "94625758", "92063252", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2981083540", "2698684823", "1975679683" ], "reference": [ "2045880469" ], "abstract": "is it enough to declare conflicts of interest in thelancet series on maternal and child nutrition two authors declared conflicts of interest as members of the board of the nestle creating shared value advisory committee a company that repeatedly transgresses the international code of marketing of breastmilk substitutes 1 we wonder how the lancet s policy on conflicts of interest was applied we believe that other declarations should have been made for example the global alliance for improved nutrition gain an adviser on the series lobbies governments and the un to open up markets for its many corporate partners in india such concerns led to public debate that might jeopardise the acceptability of many of the recommendations made in the series 2", "title_raw": "Maternal and child nutrition", "abstract_raw": "Is it enough to declare conflicts of interest? In TheLancet Series on maternal and child nutrition, two authors declared conflicts of interest as members of the board of the Nestle Creating Shared Value Advisory Committee\u2014a company that repeatedly transgresses the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes.1 We wonder how the Lancet's policy on conflicts of interest was applied. We believe that other declarations should have been made. For example, the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN)\u2014an adviser on the Series\u2014lobbies governments and the UN to open up markets for its many corporate partners. In India, such concerns led to public debate that might jeopardise the acceptability of many of the recommendations made in the Series.2" }, { "paper": "2046683430", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2013", "title": "counterfeit diplomacy and mobilization in democracies", "label": [ "39549134", "555826173", "2779356469", "557252395" ], "author": [ "2562656359" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "how do policymakers in democratic nations mobilize support for hard line strategies existing answers to this question emphasize the exaggeration of external threats yet this overlooks an important dilemma because democratic citizens expect their leaders to explore peaceful solutions or less aggressive alternatives when foreign dangers are ambiguous the same conditions that make threat inflation necessary also make it difficult to employ successfully to mobilize support for hard line measures when the public wants its leaders to demonstrate restraint policymakers may therefore attempt to shift blame onto an adversary by using counterfeit diplomacy specifically democratic leaders may adopt more cooperative or less coercive options than they believe are necessary but which they anticipate will fail this approach can be a risky one however because an opponent might accept a nation s demands accede to its conditions or offer counterproposals in the hope of diffusing support for more confrontati", "title_raw": "Counterfeit Diplomacy and Mobilization in Democracies", "abstract_raw": "How do policymakers in democratic nations mobilize support for hard-line strategies? Existing answers to this question emphasize the exaggeration of external threats. Yet this overlooks an important dilemma: because democratic citizens expect their leaders to explore peaceful solutions or less aggressive alternatives when foreign dangers are ambiguous, the same conditions that make threat inflation necessary also make it difficult to employ successfully. To mobilize support for hard-line measures when the public wants its leaders to demonstrate restraint, policymakers may therefore attempt to shift blame onto an adversary by using \u201ccounterfeit diplomacy.\u201d Specifically, democratic leaders may adopt more cooperative or less coercive options than they believe are necessary, but which they anticipate will fail. This approach can be a risky one, however, because an opponent might accept a nation's demands, accede to its conditions, or offer counterproposals in the hope of diffusing support for more confrontati..." }, { "paper": "2108951949", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2013", "title": "nomadic life s counter attack moving beyond the subaltern s voice", "label": [ "2119116", "135121143", "158016649", "2781208120" ], "author": [ "2243647047" ], "reference": [ "434630678", "583851863", "605598938", "632541733", "1502160029", "1517425942", "1545963836", "1552494050", "1601930999", "1966606487", "1978109682", "2013317036", "2013320114", "2023810615", "2026363447", "2038393338", "2053363186", "2054473382", "2056487558", "2059261907", "2066045651", "2073492147", "2140322742", "2159272757", "2182313414", "2235270277", "2369815521", "2801681773", "3158445523" ], "abstract": "according to opponents of neoliberal globalisation located in the postcolonial realm multinational corporations are central agents in a structure of global hegemonic rule that leaves little or no space for the postcolonial subject to determine his her own fate this argument is contested by a number of scholars who point out that presupposing a lack of agency on the side of subaltern is yet another way of silencing him her but how can his her true voice be recognised without at the same time disguising existing domination in this article it will be argued that one possibility is the development of a different theoretical framework that challenges the taken for granted assumption on which the dilemma is based the existence of the subject and its conscious voice for this purpose the article will use gilles deleuze s theory of the various expressions and struggles of life with the help of the analysis of a particular case monsanto s introduction of genetically modified cotton into india in 2002 the article will suggest that the multinational company monsanto should not be regarded as yet another neo colonial oppressor instead it is a war machine that unleashes flows enabling nomadic life assemblages to counter attack", "title_raw": "Nomadic life's counter-attack: moving beyond the subaltern's voice", "abstract_raw": "According to opponents of \u2018neoliberal globalisation\u2019 located in the postcolonial realm, multinational corporations are central agents in a structure of global hegemonic rule that leaves little or no space for the postcolonial subject to determine his/her own fate. This argument is contested by a number of scholars, who point out that presupposing a lack of agency on the side of subaltern is yet another way of silencing him/her. But how can his/her \u2018true\u2019 voice be recognised without at the same time disguising existing domination? In this article, it will be argued that one possibility is the development of a different theoretical framework that challenges the taken-for-granted assumption on which the dilemma is based: the existence of the subject and its conscious voice. For this purpose, the article will use Gilles Deleuze's theory of the various expressions and struggles of life. With the help of the analysis of a particular case, Monsanto's introduction of genetically modified cotton into India in 2002, the article will suggest that the multinational company (Monsanto) should not be regarded as yet another neo-colonial oppressor. Instead, it is a war machine that unleashes flows enabling nomadic life assemblages to counter-attack." }, { "paper": "2147251351", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2013", "title": "review of lisa garcia bedolla and michele michelson new s mobilizing inclusion transforming the electorate through get out the vote campaigns corrigendum", "label": [ "2779374921" ], "author": [ "3177690251" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of Lisa Garcia Bedolla and Michele Michelson New\u2019s \u2018Mobilizing Inclusion: Transforming the Electorate through Get-Out-the-Vote Campaigns\u2019 \u2013 CORRIGENDUM", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1979264860", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2013", "title": "a united nations global health panel for global health governance a commentary on mackey", "label": [ "193395930", "3116431", "46578552", "47344431", "185618831" ], "author": [ "1996320888" ], "reference": [ "1597932306", "2040411444", "2078208768", "2165391458" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A United Nations Global Health Panel for Global Health Governance: a commentary on Mackey.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2014625823", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2013", "title": "looking for the impact of peer review does count of funding acknowledgements really predict research impact", "label": [ "2778521920" ], "author": [ "2148393271" ], "reference": [ "1802391565", "1982755838", "1986589679", "2011634531", "2024742662", "2024745660", "2038004520", "2046806542", "2059789020", "2064204350", "2087263141", "2094474816", "2108699734", "2110065734", "2110820967", "2111168807", "2119762760", "2136409276", "2155488863", "2160605431", "2164967816", "2169058265", "2314490673", "2315894413", "2324534607", "2417359301" ], "abstract": "a small number of studies have sought to establish that research papers with more funding acknowledgements achieve higher impact and have claimed that such a link exists because research supported by more funding bodies undergoes more peer review in this paper a test of this link is made using recently available data from the web of science a source of bibliographic data that now includes funding acknowledgements the analysis uses 3 596 papers from a single year 2009 and a single journal the journal of biological chemistry analysis of this data using ols regression and two ranks tests reveals the link between count of funding acknowledgements and high impact papers to be statistically significant but weak it is concluded that count of funding acknowledgements should not be considered a reliable indicator of research impact at this level relatedly indicators based on assumptions that may hold true at one level of analysis may not be appropriate at other levels", "title_raw": "Looking for the impact of peer review: does count of funding acknowledgements really predict research impact?", "abstract_raw": "A small number of studies have sought to establish that research papers with more funding acknowledgements achieve higher impact and have claimed that such a link exists because research supported by more funding bodies undergoes more peer review. In this paper, a test of this link is made using recently available data from the Web of Science, a source of bibliographic data that now includes funding acknowledgements. The analysis uses 3,596 papers from a single year, 2009, and a single journal, the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Analysis of this data using OLS regression and two ranks tests reveals the link between count of funding acknowledgements and high impact papers to be statistically significant, but weak. It is concluded that count of funding acknowledgements should not be considered a reliable indicator of research impact at this level. Relatedly, indicators based on assumptions that may hold true at one level of analysis may not be appropriate at other levels." }, { "paper": "3123616899", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2013", "title": "barking up the wrong tree why bo didn t fetch many votes for barack obama in 2012", "label": [ "94625758", "2776129789", "2778223634" ], "author": [ "2280154798", "2336745507" ], "reference": [ "612875058", "1508502696", "1523929279", "1563640110", "2028580779", "2065825604", "2075952813", "2076388729", "2097234680", "2100799546", "2103521333", "2124043895", "2124363653", "2156055149", "2156178236", "2319975898", "2323774024", "2331938172" ], "abstract": "in the dog that didn t bark the role of canines in the 2008 campaign diana mutz 2010 argues that dog ownership made voters significantly less likely to vote for barack obama in the 2008 presidential election we examine this claim further although president obama has owned a dog since shortly after his 2008 election we argue that bo s presence most likely did little to improve his owner s chances of being reelected in 2012 rather the apparent significance of dog ownership uncovered by mutz is due largely to key variables being omitted from the analysis using the same data we show that obama didn t so much have trouble with dog owners in 2008 as he had trouble with conservative rural southern whites who for reasons we examine are more likely than other americans to own dogs accordingly we suspect that bo failed to boost obama s vote tally in 2012 while we recognize the tongue in jowl tone of portions of mutz s article this tale is an important one and is consistent with recent research linking racial attitudes to levels of support for barack obama we also argue that while scholars are often wise to include control variables such as south in studies of political attitudes and behavior it is important to consider the variety of politically relevant characteristics that such variables may be capturing", "title_raw": "Barking Up the Wrong Tree: Why Bo Didn't Fetch Many Votes for Barack Obama in 2012", "abstract_raw": "In \u201cThe Dog that Didn't Bark: The Role of Canines in the 2008 Campaign,\u201d Diana Mutz ( 2010 ) argues that dog ownership made voters significantly less likely to vote for Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election. We examine this claim further. Although President Obama has owned a dog since shortly after his 2008 election, we argue that Bo's presence most likely did little to improve his owner's chances of being reelected in 2012. Rather, the apparent significance of dog ownership uncovered by Mutz is due largely to key variables being omitted from the analysis. Using the same data, we show that Obama didn't so much have trouble with dog owners in 2008 as he had trouble with conservative, rural, Southern whites, who, for reasons we examine, are more likely than other Americans to own dogs. Accordingly, we suspect that Bo failed to boost Obama's vote tally in 2012. While we recognize the tongue-in-jowl tone of portions of Mutz's article, this tale is an important one, and is consistent with recent research linking racial attitudes to levels of support for Barack Obama. We also argue that while scholars are often wise to include control variables such as \u201cSouth\u201d in studies of political attitudes and behavior, it is important to consider the variety of politically relevant characteristics that such variables may be capturing." }, { "paper": "2145325583", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2013", "title": "immigration and conflict in europe by dancygier rafaela m cambridge university press 2010", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "2023983646" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Immigration and Conflict in Europe . By Dancygier Rafaela M.. (Cambridge University Press, 2010.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2161795109", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2013", "title": "the return of old fashioned racism to white americans partisan preferences in the early obama era", "label": [ "139838865", "2781243023", "158071213", "2780668109" ], "author": [ "1614313780" ], "reference": [ "71581510", "612875058", "623260331", "645974420", "1497013238", "1519893267", "1949770940", "1971440513", "2012451429", "2020545129", "2020694618", "2020917353", "2037275062", "2060425764", "2072611435", "2092327776", "2120804172", "2122090987", "2122472737", "2128963495", "2129908766", "2132365919", "2138930611", "2146034972", "2156178236", "2158896137", "2161942246", "2162465894", "2171505845", "2258240150", "2328932438", "2595469263", "2762507350", "2911043171" ], "abstract": "old fashioned racism ofr was unrelated to white americans partisan preferences throughout the post civil rights era this study argues ofr could return to white partisanship following decades of dormancy because of obama s presidency after first demonstrating that such attitudes were significantly stronger predictors of opposition to obama than ideologically similar white democrats i support that spillover hypothesis with the following evidence opposition to interracial dating was correlated with white partisanship in 2009 despite being unrelated to party identification in 12 earlier surveys moreover evaluations of obama completely mediated that relationship between ofr and partisanship old fashioned racism predicted changes in white panelists partisanship between 2006 and 2011 these attitudes were also a stronger determinant of midterm vote preferences in 2010 than they were in 2006 with that relationship once again mediated by president obama and experimentally connecting obama to congressi", "title_raw": "The Return of Old-Fashioned Racism to White Americans\u2019 Partisan Preferences in the Early Obama Era", "abstract_raw": "Old-fashioned racism (OFR) was unrelated to white Americans\u2019 partisan preferences throughout the post-civil rights era. This study argues OFR could return to white partisanship following decades of dormancy because of Obama\u2019s presidency. After first demonstrating that such attitudes were significantly stronger predictors of opposition to Obama than ideologically similar white Democrats, I support that spillover hypothesis with the following evidence: opposition to interracial dating was correlated with white partisanship in 2009 despite being unrelated to party identification in 12 earlier surveys; moreover, evaluations of Obama completely mediated that relationship between OFR and partisanship; old-fashioned racism predicted changes in white panelists\u2019 partisanship between 2006 and 2011; these attitudes were also a stronger determinant of midterm vote preferences in 2010 than they were in 2006, with that relationship once again mediated by President Obama; and experimentally connecting Obama to congressi..." }, { "paper": "2148695079", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2013", "title": "political parties independents and the electoral market in sub saharan africa", "label": [ "37129596", "199539241", "83009810", "94625758" ], "author": [ "725428207", "2156896095", "2409629726" ], "reference": [ "209432616", "581313608", "605316488", "658434518", "1798416424", "1970855934", "1981357072", "1986733139", "1992018794", "2012168996", "2014646785", "2018972251", "2026654003", "2037035214", "2038563845", "2075830575", "2101067480", "2106643352", "2107992979", "2108407362", "2119210910", "2136183491", "2141976840", "2143786641", "2148506068", "2148948369", "2154255557", "2161962616", "2167969796", "2187547447", "2290252416", "2314939700", "2316318579", "2324440273", "2325990957", "2331490194", "2331809025", "2331930257", "2419127467", "2488977120", "2494503572", "2605898142", "2797621364", "3021735420", "3121426770", "3125252485", "3125636684" ], "abstract": "in this article we investigate how parties close out the electoral market by monopolizing the channels of upward mobility for aspiring politicians by reducing the number of independents we analyse data from 1228 single member constituency elections from three sub saharan african countries ghana malawi and zambia and six national legislative elections we find that level of incumbent governing party support is the strongest predictor in explaining the likelihood that independent candidates would run for office at the constituency level across all three cases", "title_raw": "Political parties, independents, and the electoral market in sub-Saharan Africa", "abstract_raw": "In this article we investigate how parties \u2018close out the electoral market\u2019 by monopolizing the channels of upward mobility for aspiring politicians (by reducing the number of independents). We analyse data from (1228) single-member constituency elections from three sub-Saharan African countries (Ghana, Malawi and Zambia) and six national legislative elections. We find that level of incumbent governing party support is the strongest predictor in explaining the likelihood that independent candidates would run for office at the constituency level across all three cases'" }, { "paper": "2132483818", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2013", "title": "religion and coalition politics", "label": [ "94625758", "137403100" ], "author": [ "2558430985", "1849487661" ], "reference": [ "74457021", "152500642", "275726878", "590479769", "596647862", "615524171", "618248419", "642134984", "1506532709", "1534725280", "1545846291", "1565589301", "1595743797", "1600026038", "1968848394", "1982349383", "1995099276", "1997508106", "1998912793", "2016105888", "2019895479", "2030248402", "2030843909", "2031856022", "2033440542", "2034855146", "2036203657", "2039505956", "2040184640", "2043409025", "2045509200", "2057238339", "2058176566", "2064220040", "2072381848", "2073776016", "2074504018", "2075715808", "2081262430", "2087204809", "2087933684", "2097015242", "2102928162", "2110797680", "2115767525", "2118852044", "2122836796", "2125353502", "2133204953", "2135655438", "2143621206", "2145631578", "2151780178", "2158938546", "2159437998", "2224939552", "2241105155", "2324440273", "2326323283", "2485242881", "2729637396", "2999426590", "3022708157" ], "abstract": "the literature holds that coalition building parties prefer the policy distance of coalition partners to be as small as possible in light of continued impor tance of religion in electoral politics cross nationally the distance argument is worrisome for minorities seeking political access because many minorities are of different religion than the majority representatives forming coalitions the authors suggest plurality parties objectives to demonstrate inclusive ness outweigh the concern over policy distance they test their hypotheses on a sample of all electorally active ethnic minorities in democracies from 1945 to 2004 the authors find support for their hypothesis that ethnic par ties representing minorities that diverge in religious family from the majority are more likely to be included in governing coalitions than are ethnic minori ties at large it is interesting however that they also find that minority parties representing ethnic groups that differ in denomination from the majority are less likely to be included in governing coalitions", "title_raw": "Religion and Coalition Politics", "abstract_raw": "The literature holds that coalition-building parties prefer the policy distance of coalition partners to be as small as possible. In light of continued impor- tance of religion in electoral politics cross-nationally, the distance argument is worrisome for minorities seeking political access because many minorities are of different religion than the majority representatives forming coalitions. The authors suggest plurality parties' objectives to demonstrate inclusive- ness outweigh the concern over policy distance. They test their hypotheses on a sample of all electorally active ethnic minorities in democracies from 1945 to 2004. The authors find support for their hypothesis that ethnic par- ties representing minorities that diverge in religious family from the majority are more likely to be included in governing coalitions than are ethnic minori- ties at large. It is interesting, however, that they also find that minority parties representing ethnic groups that differ in denomination from the majority are less likely to be included in governing coalitions." }, { "paper": "2112244935", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2013", "title": "changing mindsets in health policy and systems research", "label": [ "47344431", "185618831", "113807197", "39549134", "193395930" ], "author": [ "2110063911", "2672154845", "2132745090", "2357860541", "2698112737", "2018956803", "2711027279", "2893822646", "2141562463" ], "reference": [ "1493825989", "2079431107", "2110284118", "2164228009" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Changing mindsets in health policy and systems research.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2094214312", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2013", "title": "scientific publishing in benin as seen from scopus", "label": [ "83867959", "531593650", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2809553460" ], "reference": [ "183485486", "230680196", "346999682", "634939315", "1754809875", "2055458526", "2058625203", "2059011732", "2121821044", "2165122403", "2288471441", "2739637965", "3191816884" ], "abstract": "2 215 publications covering the period going from 1959 to 2011 with at least one author affiliated to benin were searched from scopus and analyzed these publications were co authored by 10 225 scientists that correspond to 5 122 single authors in several disciplines of which the most prolific are agricultural and biological science and medicine none of the benin based journals were indexed in scopus approximately 5 of the publications appeared in african reviews covered by scopus researchers home institutions are mainly the university of abomey calavi its laboratories and some international organizations or cooperation agencies the private universities were not mentioned in the affiliations list the yearly percentage of international collaboration is over 80 france the former colonial power is the main research partner whereas the west african region is the main partner at the african continent level others partners are from europe and america continents this study suggests the setting up of a national database to index the domestic scientific literature it should contribute to the improvement of the national research output", "title_raw": "Scientific publishing in Benin as seen from Scopus", "abstract_raw": "2,215 publications covering the period going from 1959 to 2011, with at least one author affiliated to Benin, were searched from Scopus and analyzed. These publications were co-authored by 10,225 scientists that correspond to 5,122 single authors in several disciplines of which the most prolific are Agricultural and biological science, and Medicine. None of the Benin-based journals were indexed in Scopus; approximately 5 % of the publications appeared in African reviews covered by Scopus. Researchers' home institutions are mainly the University of Abomey-Calavi, its laboratories and some international organizations or cooperation agencies. The private universities were not mentioned in the affiliations list. The yearly percentage of international collaboration is over 80 %; France, the former colonial power is the main research partner whereas the West African region is the main partner at the African continent level; others partners are from Europe and America continents. This study suggests the setting up of a national database to index the domestic scientific literature; it should contribute to the improvement of the national research output." }, { "paper": "2032286622", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2013", "title": "engendering politics the impact of descriptive representation on women s political engagement in sub saharan africa", "label": [ "94625758", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2170691237", "2097033270" ], "reference": [ "28866446", "167945876", "475058976", "589680392", "592557066", "600035170", "653027691", "1580830307", "1605491412", "1670294129", "1737632137", "1899240799", "1973646817", "1981457167", "1994966527", "1997980179", "2009708869", "2017458774", "2021636176", "2021992121", "2024928466", "2028964025", "2034147917", "2035534527", "2051521685", "2054032673", "2083408259", "2083625466", "2104422822", "2105190667", "2105488691", "2106327735", "2110143721", "2114001415", "2115624662", "2117963689", "2123876571", "2124603853", "2128928577", "2130904774", "2139387599", "2140935926", "2143233408", "2143858135", "2155756109", "2158316163", "2159437998", "2159511761", "2163321340", "2167902156", "2171126176", "2281107298" ], "abstract": "globally there is a significant gender gap in political engagement between men and women however this gender gap varies both across countries and within countries over time previous research ha", "title_raw": "\u201cEngendering\u201d Politics: The Impact of Descriptive Representation on Women\u2019s Political Engagement in Sub-Saharan Africa", "abstract_raw": "Globally, there is a significant gender gap in political engagement between men and women; however, this gender gap varies both across countries and within countries over time. Previous research ha..." }, { "paper": "2078177857", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2013", "title": "scientists swept up in terrorism trials", "label": [ "203133693" ], "author": [ "2106465385" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Scientists swept up in terrorism trials", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1970001807", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2013", "title": "kosovo self determination and the international order", "label": [ "2777095168", "2777799818", "199539241", "96572226", "2776508615", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2193600432" ], "reference": [ "60201903", "111712022", "581834729", "651195646", "1482997352", "1514278091", "1568921323", "1604450213", "1967877710", "2033838123", "2039959918", "2052723815", "2081262036", "2106926629", "2109627869", "2162650735", "2291066577", "2329803252", "2460374352", "2602616298", "2768591819", "2774270602", "3126280144", "3135904787" ], "abstract": "yugoslavia s wars provide a rich example of the range of challenges posed to international stability and fundamental principles of international relations since 1989 within this context kosovo s independence has now become a cause celebre of the use of the principle of self determination in state creation in addition the case of kosovo is an important development in the practice of humanitarian intervention and by implication the evolution of the concept of the responsibility to protect to better understand the effects of kosovar claims to self determination on international order a clearer understanding is required of the factors shaping that order and how self determination as it emerges from the road to kosovo s independence relates to those factors the issue of self determination after kosovo is placed here into both the context of yugoslavia s collapse and a number of broader key features which could be said to have played a dominant role in shaping international order post 1989", "title_raw": "Kosovo, Self-Determination and the International Order", "abstract_raw": "Yugoslavia's wars provide a rich example of the range of challenges posed to international stability and fundamental principles of international relations since 1989. Within this context, Kosovo's independence has now become a cause celebre of the use of the principle of self-determination in state-creation. In addition, the case of Kosovo is an important development in the practice of humanitarian intervention and by implication the evolution of the concept of the Responsibility to Protect. To better understand the effects of Kosovar claims to self-determination on international order, a clearer understanding is required of the factors shaping that order and how self-determination (as it emerges from the road to Kosovo's independence) relates to those factors. The issue of \u2018self-determination after Kosovo\u2019, is placed here into both the context of Yugoslavia's collapse and a number of broader key features which could be said to have played a dominant role in shaping international order post-1989." }, { "paper": "2322252257", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2013", "title": "islamic nations are failing on r d links and funding", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2335438241" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Islamic nations are 'failing on R&D links and funding'", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2315950696", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2013", "title": "exchange and the protection of java s antiquities a transnational approach to the problem of heritage in colonial java", "label": [ "94625758", "2776398702", "531593650" ], "author": [ "1981920289", "2090892901" ], "reference": [ "133518425", "407613546", "587372306", "597455666", "599836131", "640581158", "1544362263", "1549712623", "1566633480", "1779869846", "1912857158", "1973051082", "1994035934", "2014760072", "2025368368", "2035384243", "2050602426", "2080294807", "2085366239", "2102593895", "2121393013", "2121464351", "2312321005", "2585096420", "2801897081", "3004528275", "3157554505" ], "abstract": "sites here the eighth century buddhist shrine borobudur and other remains of the hindu buddhist past located in colonial predominantly islamic java are in this article our analytical tool to provide insight into the local and transnational dimensions of heritage politics and processes of in and exclusion in asia and europe around 1900 because we recognize these sites as centers of multiple historical political and moral spaces that transgress state boundaries we take this concept beyond the nation state centered lieu de memoire by exploring how site related objects traveled from temple ruins in java to places elsewhere in the world here siam the netherlands france and great britain and back to java we show the transformation of heritage engagements around 1900 at multiple locations and we make clear why despite professionalizing state centered heritage politics state control was limited we argue that the mechanisms of exchange and reciprocal interdependence as theorized by marcel mauss are crucial to understand the moral and economic engagements that define the problem of heritage at local and transnational levels", "title_raw": "Exchange and the protection of Java\u2019s antiquities : A transnational approach to the problem of heritage in colonial Java", "abstract_raw": "Sites, here the eighth-century Buddhist shrine Borobudur and other remains of the Hindu-Buddhist past located in colonial (predominantly Islamic) Java, are in this article our analytical tool to provide insight into the local and transnational dimensions of heritage politics and processes of in- and exclusion in Asia and Europe around 1900. Because we recognize these \u201csites\u201d as centers of multiple historical, political, and moral spaces that transgress state boundaries, we take this concept beyond the nation-state-centered lieu de memoire . By exploring how site-related objects traveled from temple ruins in Java to places elsewhere in the world (here: Siam, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain) and back to Java, we show the transformation of heritage engagements around 1900 at multiple locations, and we make clear why, despite professionalizing state-centered heritage politics, state control was limited. We argue that the mechanisms of exchange and reciprocal interdependence, as theorized by Marcel Mauss, are crucial to understand the moral and economic engagements that define the problem of heritage, at local and transnational levels." }, { "paper": "3121623855", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2013", "title": "commandeering and constitutional change", "label": [ "2780033643", "199539241", "2778272461" ], "author": [ "3124358754" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Commandeering and Constitutional Change", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1519481913", "venue": "98137347", "year": "2013", "title": "local understandings of conservation in southeastern mexico and their implications for community based conservation as an alternative paradigm", "label": [ "158886217", "154440439" ], "author": [ "2018954188", "2062583681", "262384476", "233877734", "2574663657", "2487463614", "2163907085", "2816639345" ], "reference": [ "246425894", "1923357852", "1964428635", "1971347574", "1973076575", "1976759885", "1990464965", "2001161477", "2002792670", "2003306406", "2031877328", "2033687883", "2037581096", "2039478040", "2044743148", "2059389041", "2072208001", "2094127313", "2101873753", "2110669844", "2120294131", "2127108504", "2136774757", "2141935063", "2142634427", "2154130294", "2156129207", "2161229610", "2232238163", "2403205245", "2762442313" ], "abstract": "since the 1990s national and international programs have aimed to legitimize local conservation initiatives that might provide an alternative to the formal systems of state managed or otherwise externally driven protected areas we used discourse analysis 130 semistructured interviews with key informants and descriptive statistics 679 surveys to compare local perceptions of and experiences with state driven versus community driven conservation initiatives we conducted our research in 6 communities in southeastern mexico formalization of local conservation initiatives did not seem to be based on local knowledge and practices although interviewees thought community based initiatives generated less conflict than state managed conservation initiatives the community based initiatives conformed to the biodiversity conservation paradigm that emphasizes restricted use of and access to resources this restrictive approach to community based conservation in mexico promoted through state and international conservation organizations increased the area of protected land and had local support but was not built on locally relevant and multifunctional landscapes a model that community based conservation is assumed to advance percepciones locales de conservacion en el sureste de mexico e implicaciones para la conservacion comunitaria como paradigma alternativo resumen desde la decada de 1990s programas tanto nacionales como internaciones han intentado legalizar iniciativas locales de conservacion que pueden representar una alternativa a las areas protegidas manejadas por el estado o por otros agentes externos a la comunidad en este estudio usamos analisis de discurso 130 entrevistas semiestructuradas con informantes clave y estadisticas descriptivas 679 encuestas para comparar las experiencias y las percepciones locales de iniciativas de conservacion manejadas por el estado con iniciativas de conservacion comunitaria realizamos nuestra investigacion en 6 comunidades en el sureste de mexico la formalizacion de iniciativas locales de conservacion no parece haberse basado en el conocimiento o las practicas locales las personas entrevistadas manifestaron que las iniciativas de conservacion comunitaria generan menos conflictos que las manejados por el estado aunque en otros aspectos la conservacion comunitaria imita el paradigma de conservacion de la biodiversidad que restringe el uso y acceso a los recursos puede que esta aproximacion restrictiva a la conservacion comunitaria en mexico promovida por organizaciones de conservacion internacionales y estatales incremente el area de tierra protegida a la vez que tiene apoyo local pero este enfoque no integra la multifuncionalidad de los paisajes locales un aspecto que deberia ser clave en la conservacion comunitaria", "title_raw": "Local understandings of conservation in southeastern Mexico and their implications for community-based conservation as an alternative paradigm", "abstract_raw": "Since the 1990s national and international programs have aimed to legitimize local conservation initiatives that might provide an alternative to the formal systems of state-managed or otherwise externally driven protected areas. We used discourse analysis (130 semistructured interviews with key informants) and descriptive statistics (679 surveys) to compare local perceptions of and experiences with state-driven versus community-driven conservation initiatives. We conducted our research in 6 communities in southeastern Mexico. Formalization of local conservation initiatives did not seem to be based on local knowledge and practices. Although interviewees thought community-based initiatives generated less conflict than state-managed conservation initiatives, the community-based initiatives conformed to the biodiversity conservation paradigm that emphasizes restricted use of and access to resources. This restrictive approach to community-based conservation in Mexico, promoted through state and international conservation organizations, increased the area of protected land and had local support but was not built on locally relevant and multifunctional landscapes, a model that community-based conservation is assumed to advance.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPercepciones Locales de Conservacion en el Sureste de Mexico e Implicaciones para la Conservacion Comunitaria como Paradigma Alternativo\r\n\r\nResumen\r\n\r\nDesde la decada de 1990s, programas tanto nacionales como internaciones han intentado legalizar iniciativas locales de conservacion que pueden representar una alternativa a las areas protegidas manejadas por el estado o por otros agentes externos a la comunidad. En este estudio usamos analisis de discurso (130 entrevistas semiestructuradas con informantes clave) y estadisticas descriptivas (679 encuestas) para comparar las experiencias y las percepciones locales de iniciativas de conservacion manejadas por el estado con iniciativas de conservacion comunitaria. Realizamos nuestra investigacion en 6 comunidades en el sureste de Mexico. La formalizacion de iniciativas locales de conservacion no parece haberse basado en el conocimiento o las practicas locales. Las personas entrevistadas manifestaron que las iniciativas de conservacion comunitaria generan menos conflictos que las manejados por el estado, aunque en otros aspectos la conservacion comunitaria imita el paradigma de conservacion de la biodiversidad que restringe el uso y acceso a los recursos. Puede que esta aproximacion restrictiva a la conservacion comunitaria en Mexico, promovida por organizaciones de conservacion internacionales y estatales, incremente el area de tierra protegida a la vez que tiene apoyo local, pero este enfoque no integra la multifuncionalidad de los paisajes locales, un aspecto que deberia ser clave en la conservacion comunitaria." }, { "paper": "2004334073", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2013", "title": "does corruption undermine trust in health care results from public opinion polls in croatia", "label": [ "160735492", "134698397", "109986646", "201342494", "2779509655", "148834064", "193395930" ], "author": [ "2051081608" ], "reference": [ "12892825", "16182129", "89022845", "186130881", "592106610", "596131604", "607032178", "629063669", "1501680605", "1526425367", "1535943325", "1545392058", "1550693638", "1711903790", "1879697931", "1966431829", "1967873400", "1970283283", "1971987975", "1977196497", "1980942014", "1986056512", "1992438483", "2001263176", "2016317057", "2018345355", "2019549485", "2019914007", "2020522749", "2028716731", "2031545505", "2036766785", "2041412137", "2043728062", "2052677451", "2055806489", "2056728806", "2059326826", "2060012988", "2070708196", "2072727561", "2076421440", "2078606810", "2083579134", "2085992423", "2086034131", "2095226737", "2107729441", "2107992979", "2116942087", "2123429260", "2124134613", "2125845730", "2128632503", "2128850858", "2134473362", "2135612098", "2145866796", "2148363355", "2149458473", "2155630083", "2161008125", "2162036357", "2163794050", "2164992093", "2166883837", "2283077340", "2322032798", "2398164421", "2404573653", "2412813547", "2498550674", "3124527686", "3129962985", "3141406740" ], "abstract": "health and health care provision are one of the most important topics in public policy and often a highly debated topic in the political arena the importance of considering trust in the health care sector is highlighted by studies showing that trust is associated among others with poor self related health and poorer health outcomes similarly corruption has shown to create economic costs and inefficiencies in the health care sector this is particularly important for a newly democratized country such as croatia where a policy responsive government indicates a high level of quality of democracy roberts 2009 and where a legacy of corruption in the health care sector has been carried over from the previous regime in this study i assess the relationship between health care corruption and trust in public health care and hypothesize that experience with health care corruption as well as perception of corruption has a negative effect on trust in public care facilities data were collected in two surveys administered in 2007 and 2009 in croatia experience with corruption and salience with corruption has a negative effect on trust in public health care in the 2007 survey but not in the 2009 survey while the results are mixed they point to the importance of further studying this relationship", "title_raw": "Does corruption undermine trust in health care? Results from public opinion polls in Croatia", "abstract_raw": "Health and health care provision are one of the most important topics in public policy, and often a highly debated topic in the political arena. The importance of considering trust in the health care sector is highlighted by studies showing that trust is associated, among others, with poor self-related health, and poorer health outcomes. Similarly, corruption has shown to create economic costs and inefficiencies in the health care sector. This is particularly important for a newly democratized country such as Croatia, where a policy responsive government indicates a high level of quality of democracy (Roberts, 2009) and where a legacy of corruption in the health care sector has been carried over from the previous regime. In this study, I assess the relationship between health care corruption and trust in public health care and hypothesize that experience with health care corruption as well as perception of corruption has a negative effect on trust in public care facilities. Data were collected in two surveys, administered in 2007 and 2009 in Croatia. Experience with corruption and salience with corruption has a negative effect on trust in public health care in the 2007 survey, but not in the 2009 survey. While the results are mixed, they point to the importance of further studying this relationship." }, { "paper": "2081502223", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2013", "title": "authoritarian rule of law legislation discourse and legitimacy in singapore by jothie rajah new york cambridge university press 2012 364p 99 00 cloth 29 99 paper legal mobilization under authoritarianism the case of post colonial hong kong by waikeung tam new york cambridge university press 2013 234p 95 00", "label": [ "156708679", "2776847301", "46295352", "68346564", "2777351106", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2018866853" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Authoritarian Rule of Law: Legislation, Discourse, and Legitimacy in Singapore . By Jothie Rajah. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. 364p. $99.00 cloth, $29.99 paper. - Legal Mobilization under Authoritarianism: The Case of Post-Colonial Hong Kong . By Waikeung Tam. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 234p. $95.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2016360136", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2013", "title": "stakeholders views of south korea s higher education internationalization policy", "label": [ "136810230", "39549134", "148834064", "120912362", "2779177650" ], "author": [ "2159974855", "2112836314" ], "reference": [ "68070030", "136565623", "174235098", "345904186", "563782355", "571025727", "619620470", "620951854", "621915819", "1485255481", "1500549500", "1545104605", "1574517605", "1586593298", "1587916184", "1855748966", "1898715303", "1899688676", "1914972138", "1965048841", "1969530621", "1978749816", "1991482664", "1996220130", "2004184632", "2007160070", "2015478155", "2028954902", "2048052837", "2055162760", "2071987965", "2074323550", "2077133006", "2080961321", "2101605747", "2106829690", "2118077599", "2136745921", "2149010029", "2149407063", "2152893340", "2154505010", "2162455631", "2164722892", "2165249494", "2170522893", "2182931974", "2377590929", "2383243359", "2392471790", "2794790804", "2900509361", "2910912605", "2914632150", "2968127586", "3121691935", "3135115260", "3140786101", "3172619842" ], "abstract": "the study investigated the stakeholders perceptions of south korea s higher education internationalization policy based on the research framework that defines four policy values propriety effectiveness diversity and engagement the convergence model was employed with a concurrent mixed method sampling strategy to analyze the stakeholders perceptions according to the findings the stakeholders perceived that the government s internationalization policy to date has contributed to the international competitiveness of korean universities by and large in a quantitative manner their views however signaled that the government should consider the quality and identity of korean higher education institutions when designing and implementing internationalization policy based on the implications that the findings have in the policy context this study suggested two points for future policy research into korean higher education internationalization 1 develop a glonacal definition of world classness for korean universities and 2 build up a mixture model of centralization and decentralization for the government university relations which encourages internal self governance of korean universities", "title_raw": "Stakeholders' Views of South Korea's Higher Education Internationalization Policy.", "abstract_raw": "The study investigated the stakeholders\u2019 perceptions of South Korea\u2019s higher education internationalization policy. Based on the research framework that defines four policy values\u2014propriety, effectiveness, diversity, and engagement, the convergence model was employed with a concurrent mixed method sampling strategy to analyze the stakeholders\u2019 perceptions. According to the findings, the stakeholders perceived that the government\u2019s internationalization policy to date has contributed to the international competitiveness of Korean universities by and large in a quantitative manner. Their views however signaled that the government should consider the quality and identity of Korean higher education institutions when designing and implementing internationalization policy. Based on the implications that the findings have in the policy context, this study suggested two points for future policy research into Korean higher education internationalization: (1) develop a glonacal definition of world-classness for Korean universities and (2) build up a mixture model of centralization and decentralization for the government-university relations, which encourages internal self-governance of Korean universities." }, { "paper": "2165325337", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2013", "title": "mexico bolsters science funding", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2629554992", "2238296789" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Mexico bolsters science funding", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2156334242", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2013", "title": "bargaining and the interdependent stages of civil war resolution", "label": [ "2779683958", "81631423", "185874996", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2205354281" ], "reference": [ "585518917", "627391261", "1495307792", "1495886451", "1511118900", "1533593992", "1554285346", "1969922354", "1982091601", "1990933787", "1996651594", "2012038534", "2023806802", "2024361748", "2047156377", "2058201355", "2059544914", "2065704075", "2088105938", "2097015242", "2104431072", "2105825936", "2112756924", "2116559484", "2118613808", "2118852044", "2123730160", "2123965513", "2126337958", "2128489231", "2129548459", "2130308795", "2137091439", "2139018559", "2142822385", "2143220386", "2145528995", "2146311774", "2146884126", "2147111138", "2150148355", "2151808187", "2154070668", "2154132341", "2158282306", "2160128062", "2160285615", "2163278002", "2166374795", "2167046551", "2167701068", "2170114109", "2327769971", "2329258037", "2950718768", "3196139547" ], "abstract": "this article examines civil war resolution as a process comprised of multiple interdependent stages it engages directly the idea that peace emerges only as a process comprised of battle negotiati", "title_raw": "Bargaining and the Interdependent Stages of Civil War Resolution", "abstract_raw": "This article examines civil war resolution as a process comprised of multiple interdependent stages. It engages directly the idea that peace emerges only as a process comprised of battle, negotiati..." }, { "paper": "2046200261", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2013", "title": "framing the 2008 iowa democratic caucuses political blogs and second level intermedia agenda setting", "label": [ "555826173", "197487636", "529147693", "2775925287", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2134690165" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this study identifies patterns of second level intermedia agenda setting in the framing of the 2008 race for the democratic u s presidential nomination through a content analysis of four major news sources nine prominent political blogs across the partisan spectrum and the press releases of the three leading candidates a comparison of cross lagged correlations in the four weeks prior to the iowa caucuses reveals that the news media and the hillary clinton campaign had an intermedia agenda setting effect rather than controlling the campaign narrative political bloggers mostly followed the lead set by the journalists", "title_raw": "Framing the 2008 Iowa Democratic Caucuses Political Blogs and Second-Level Intermedia Agenda Setting", "abstract_raw": "This study identifies patterns of second-level intermedia agenda setting in the framing of the 2008 race for the Democratic U.S. presidential nomination through a content analysis of four major news sources, nine prominent political blogs across the partisan spectrum, and the press releases of the three leading candidates. A comparison of cross-lagged correlations in the four weeks prior to the Iowa caucuses reveals that the news media and the Hillary Clinton campaign had an intermedia agenda-setting effect. Rather than controlling the campaign narrative, political bloggers mostly followed the lead set by the journalists." }, { "paper": "2012429726", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2013", "title": "explaining left right party congruence across european party systems a test of micro meso and macro level models", "label": [ "158071213", "2781440851", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1996997438" ], "reference": [ "595432575", "1499064528", "1506520752", "1510233068", "1522320666", "1570666091", "1653210553", "1911076197", "1918073372", "1925504877", "1964224704", "1970822724", "1973394375", "1973767321", "1977825494", "1980508001", "2001947080", "2007601500", "2017619073", "2025852451", "2041756922", "2043031359", "2046782908", "2059503564", "2063989311", "2074589553", "2094042936", "2103700859", "2116877392", "2133835313", "2139387599", "2140977564", "2145424612", "2153720675", "2154753769", "2155431763", "2163699834", "2170921340", "2171563476", "2313769840", "2318471169", "2475873152", "2504513127", "3014834473", "3046723133" ], "abstract": "empirical studies on representation have been based mainly on the descriptive analysis of levels of political or ideological congruence between mps and voters very few studies focus on explaining congruence and those that have done so do not explore all the explanatory dimensions this article contributes to filling this gap by testing whether three theoretical models can explain left right congruence among european parties these models explore causality at the micro or individual level the characteristics of voters and mps the meso level party characteristics and the macro or system level party system and institutional characteristics based on data from the piredeu project the study examines the party systems of the 27 countries of the european union with reference to the 2009 european parliament elections the findings reveal that mp voter congruence is best explained at the party level and by key mp candidate characteristics", "title_raw": "Explaining Left-Right Party Congruence across European Party Systems: A Test of Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Level Models.", "abstract_raw": "Empirical studies on representation have been based mainly on the descriptive analysis of levels of political or ideological congruence between MPs and voters. Very few studies focus on explaining congruence, and those that have done so do not explore all the explanatory dimensions. This article contributes to filling this gap by testing whether three theoretical models can explain left\u2013right congruence among European parties. These models explore causality at the micro or individual level (the characteristics of voters and MPs), the meso level (party characteristics), and the macro or system level (party system and institutional characteristics). Based on data from the PIREDEU project, the study examines the party systems of the 27 countries of the European Union with reference to the 2009 European Parliament elections. The findings reveal that MP\u2013voter congruence is best explained at the party level and by key MP candidate characteristics." }, { "paper": "2593899006", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "why the brotherhood won t back down", "label": [ "158071213" ], "author": [ "2114358141" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Why the Brotherhood Won't Back Down", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2082924474", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2013", "title": "assessing in security after the arab spring the case of yemen", "label": [ "201342494", "2780093650", "2775882960", "513891491", "2776051254", "2778971194" ], "author": [ "2645845709" ], "reference": [ "80606835", "611834754", "656511048", "1531236835", "2077807383" ], "abstract": "in january 2011 youth and civil society activists inspired by protests in tunisia took to yemen s streets calling for regime change as in other arab spring countries conditions were ripe for mobilization as large sections of the population had become increasingly frustrated with corruption dwindling economic prospects and a concentration of power and wealth in the hands of the ruling clique following hosni mubarak s resignation in egypt protests mounted across yemen and although president ali abdullah saleh promised reform it was too little too late to satisfy the demonstrators see icg 2011a after proregime gunmen fired on unarmed protesters in sanaa on march 18 2011 killing more than 50 demonstrators a series of high level defections began including long time regime insider and powerful military commander major general ali mohsen al ahmar", "title_raw": "Assessing (In)security after the Arab Spring: The Case of Yemen", "abstract_raw": "In January 2011, youth and civil society activists, inspired by protests in Tunisia, took to Yemen's streets calling for regime change. As in other Arab Spring countries, conditions were ripe for mobilization as large sections of the population had become increasingly frustrated with corruption, dwindling economic prospects, and a concentration of power and wealth in the hands of the ruling clique. Following Hosni Mubarak's resignation in Egypt, protests mounted across Yemen, and, although President Ali Abdullah Saleh promised reform, it was too little, too late, to satisfy the demonstrators (see ICG 2011a). After proregime gunmen fired on unarmed protesters in Sanaa on March 18, 2011\u2014killing more than 50 demonstrators\u2014a series of high-level defections began, including long-time regime insider and powerful military commander, Major General Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar." }, { "paper": "3122484793", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2013", "title": "through the magnifying glass provincial aspects of industrial growth in post unification italy", "label": [ "2777799818", "94625758", "41866144", "158954845" ], "author": [ "2062971783", "278816644" ], "reference": [ "565807241", "599916432", "640637526", "1510134534", "1963250525", "1977870217", "1977969521", "2021855336", "2037265139", "2050567338", "2056312012", "2070994779", "2078178382", "2080132942", "2095909945", "2111862238", "2136693563", "2151472810", "2319923909", "2321963331", "3121266382", "3121320642", "3122282379", "3123532939" ], "abstract": "this article presents estimates of industrial production in post unification italy s 69 provinces in the census years 1871 1881 1901 and 1911 initially industry was largely artisanal and located in the former political capitals but even then the waterfalls of the subalpine north west attracted what factory industry there was contrary to widespread opinion in the aftermath of unification the industrial and overall growth leaders were actually in the south where selected provinces reaped the gains from the freer foreign trade and infrastructure investment that accompanied the loss of independence over the later nineteenth century industry concentrated into the industrial triangle but even there industrialization remained sharply local and excluded the right bank of the upper po the early twentieth century in turn brought a measure of industrial diffusion to the centre north east where it was tied to the production of perishables on recently improved land and concentration within the north western triangle itself into its major cities as progress in energy transmission effectively moved the waterfalls into the plains", "title_raw": "Through the magnifying glass: provincial aspects of industrial growth in post-Unification Italy", "abstract_raw": "This article presents estimates of industrial production in post-Unification Italy's 69 provinces in the census years 1871, 1881, 1901, and 1911. Initially industry was largely artisanal, and located in the former political capitals; but even then the waterfalls of the subalpine north-west attracted what factory industry there was. Contrary to widespread opinion, in the aftermath of Unification the industrial and overall growth leaders were actually in the south, where selected provinces reaped the gains from the freer foreign trade, and infrastructure investment, that accompanied the loss of independence. Over the later nineteenth century industry concentrated into the \u2018industrial triangle\u2019; but even there industrialization remained sharply local, and excluded the right bank of the upper Po. The early twentieth century, in turn, brought a measure of industrial diffusion\u2014to the centre/north-east, where it was tied to the production of perishables on recently improved land\u2014and concentration within the north-western triangle itself, into its major cities, as progress in energy transmission effectively moved the waterfalls into the plains." }, { "paper": "3125473123", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2013", "title": "responsiveness in an era of inequality the case of the u s senate", "label": [ "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2155763369" ], "reference": [ "205216547", "580274946", "601394103", "604399292", "614917022", "1486367002", "1536322546", "1559198035", "1559377018", "1580899010", "1598966717", "1774953003", "1894682158", "1970863987", "1975081753", "1979001148", "2012653188", "2014943900", "2020694618", "2028268406", "2030069641", "2030172216", "2030398623", "2031340404", "2033416502", "2035444026", "2054010196", "2074340474", "2083277050", "2102792121", "2103265779", "2115226012", "2116488179", "2123015573", "2127546927", "2137441478", "2139387599", "2142439454", "2148501506", "2149257645", "2149506027", "2168695899", "2172300540", "2314543930", "2315083809", "2316869473", "2323383658", "2329453064" ], "abstract": "to what extent do members of congress respond unequally to people in different economic situations how does partisan control of the agenda change the way in which senators respond to the poor using data from the 2004 national annenberg election survey and multiple roll call votes i examine senate responsiveness for the 107th through 111th congresses the results show consistent responsiveness toward upper income constituents moreover republicans are more responsive than democrats to middle income constituents in the 109th congress and a case study of the 107th senate reveals that responsiveness toward the wealthy increases once democrats take control of the chamber", "title_raw": "Responsiveness in an Era of Inequality: The Case of the U.S. Senate", "abstract_raw": "To what extent do members of Congress respond unequally to people in different economic situations? How does partisan control of the agenda change the way in which Senators respond to the poor? Using data from the 2004 National Annenberg Election Survey, and multiple roll call votes, I examine Senate responsiveness for the 107th through 111th Congresses. The results show consistent responsiveness toward upper income constituents. Moreover, Republicans are more responsive than Democrats to middle-income constituents in the 109th Congress, and a case study of the 107th Senate reveals that responsiveness toward the wealthy increases once Democrats take control of the chamber." }, { "paper": "2087340191", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2013", "title": "economic voting in sweden 1985 2010", "label": [ "3116431", "117763746", "59742305", "143838007", "20871130", "164575281", "156160270", "48226144", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2130564017" ], "reference": [ "21778314", "347408259", "361138144", "633860075", "656577657", "1539950605", "1559040657", "1597261092", "1966977689", "1977816582", "1981993278", "2008673137", "2073655229", "2073871843", "2081471965", "2150796138", "2796590496", "2915747192", "3125668246" ], "abstract": "despite the fact that sweden has the world s second longest time series of national election studies the standard model of micro level economic voting has only been occasionally applied in sweden this study presents a long term perspective on economic voting in sweden and analyzes to what extent economic perceptions influence governmental support in general elections in sweden at the eight latest parliamentary elections 1985 2010 to this end this article makes use of the rolling two wave panels of the swedish national election studies and estimates the probability of voting for the government depending on economic perceptions previous vote ideology and a set of ses controls the results show that swedish voting behaviour is no exception to that of most western democracies subjective economic evaluations of the swedish economy systematically influence government support if voters feel the economy is improving they are more likely to vote for the incumbent government than when they feel the economy is getting worse", "title_raw": "Economic voting in Sweden 1985\u20132010", "abstract_raw": "Despite the fact that Sweden has the world\u2019s second longest time-series of national election Studies, the standard model of micro-level economic voting has only been occasionally applied in Sweden. This study presents a long-term perspective on economic voting in Sweden and analyzes to what extent economic perceptions influence governmental support in general elections in Sweden at the eight latest parliamentary elections, 1985--2010. To this end, this article makes use of the rolling two-wave panels of the Swedish national election studies and estimates the probability of voting for the government depending on economic perceptions, previous vote, ideology and a set of SES controls. The results show that Swedish voting behaviour is no exception to that of most western democracies; subjective economic evaluations of the Swedish economy systematically influence government support. If voters feel the economy is improving they are more likely to vote for the incumbent government than when they feel the economy is getting worse." }, { "paper": "2102020880", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2013", "title": "decentralization and popular democracy governance from below in bolivia by jean paul faguet", "label": [ "136810230", "3116431", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2288074856" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Decentralization and Popular Democracy: Governance from Below in Bolivia, by Jean-Paul Faguet.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2067139852", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2013", "title": "public health academic medicine and the alcohol industry s corporate social responsibility activities", "label": [ "47344431", "147598955", "141261163", "2777276634", "39549134" ], "author": [ "413395892", "1938100180" ], "reference": [ "85607016", "126176505", "1484899071", "1530099685", "1546067761", "1575961971", "1745580962", "1927755421", "1968095515", "1969385590", "1969980805", "1970188012", "1979266665", "1980599286", "1983605748", "1992664635", "1993153716", "2002454257", "2010965990", "2023109569", "2033847779", "2036540611", "2043405568", "2051907069", "2052565711", "2053319094", "2075747208", "2077814093", "2083525068", "2094604581", "2098935104", "2099691234", "2101097490", "2101427171", "2109779215", "2118979465", "2131332377", "2131681185", "2133575060", "2137851752", "2139691282", "2140473247", "2141012631", "2142929989", "2144760543", "2157117314", "2159951258", "2160397887", "2165393899", "2166871043", "2418302098", "2480591549" ], "abstract": "we explored the emerging relationships among the alcohol industry academic medicine and the public health community in the context of public health theory dealing with corporate social responsibility we reviewed sponsorship of scientific research efforts to influence public perceptions of research dissemination of scientific information and industry funded policy initiatives to the extent that the scientific evidence supports the reduction of alcohol consumption through regulatory and legal measures the academic community has come into increasing conflict with the views of the alcohol industry we concluded that the alcohol industry has intensified its scientific and policy related activities under the general framework of corporate social responsibility initiatives most of which can be described as instrumental to the industry s economic interests", "title_raw": "Public Health, Academic Medicine, and the Alcohol Industry\u2019s Corporate Social Responsibility Activities", "abstract_raw": "We explored the emerging relationships among the alcohol industry, academic medicine, and the public health community in the context of public health theory dealing with corporate social responsibility. We reviewed sponsorship of scientific research, efforts to influence public perceptions of research, dissemination of scientific information, and industry-funded policy initiatives.To the extent that the scientific evidence supports the reduction of alcohol consumption through regulatory and legal measures, the academic community has come into increasing conflict with the views of the alcohol industry.We concluded that the alcohol industry has intensified its scientific and policy-related activities under the general framework of corporate social responsibility initiatives, most of which can be described as instrumental to the industry\u2019s economic interests." }, { "paper": "2040340233", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2013", "title": "multi level party politics in western europe", "label": [ "33343238", "501299471", "522562087", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2503003435" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Multi-Level Party Politics in Western Europe", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2316813232", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2013", "title": "michael david fox showcasing the great experiment cultural diplomacy and western visitors to the soviet union 1921 1941", "label": [ "557252395" ], "author": [ "2650572220" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Michael David-Fox. Showcasing the Great Experiment: Cultural Diplomacy and Western Visitors to the Soviet Union, 1921\u20131941.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1985585724", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2013", "title": "the politics of modern central america civil war democratization and underdevelopment by fabrice lehoucq new york cambridge university press 2012 212p 90 00 cloth 27 99 paper", "label": [ "94625758", "81631423", "32561294", "17058734" ], "author": [ "274902417" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Modern Central America: Civil War, Democratization, and Underdevelopment . By Fabrice Lehoucq. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. 212p. $90.00 cloth, $27.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2042770891", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2013", "title": "health law and policy in the european union", "label": [ "193395930", "78491826", "47344431", "13255150", "185618831", "160735492" ], "author": [ "2103898631", "240368488", "603908696", "2250989391" ], "reference": [ "32519078", "73544262", "315791515", "416348270", "575295967", "588484291", "598951288", "599645883", "1510838176", "1524459691", "1524582091", "1539457380", "1573530785", "1930007801", "1971884032", "1974609334", "1975752132", "1983018564", "1993374660", "2024080711", "2025370480", "2030019041", "2039658799", "2039958945", "2043337074", "2045525467", "2055009472", "2062140026", "2076958277", "2099251580", "2099635136", "2109721278", "2110642902", "2114663645", "2116046763", "2117797613", "2117885997", "2125443109", "2127780411", "2129328933", "2142337566", "2144605149", "2149235794", "2149359156", "2151702763", "2154429373", "2159504266", "2291299120", "2316311775", "2319879423", "2322527405", "2328671039", "2405465549", "2607344943", "2611267795", "2730480726", "3203751025" ], "abstract": "from its origins as six western european countries coming together to reduce trade barriers the european union eu has expanded both geographically and in the scope of its actions to become an important supranational body whose policies affect almost all aspects of the lives of its citizens this influence extends to health and health services the eu s formal responsibilities in health and health services are limited in scope but it has substantial indirect influence on them in this paper we describe the institutions of the eu its legislative process and the nature of european law as it affects free movement of the goods people and services that affect health or are necessary to deliver health care we show how the influence of the eu goes far beyond the activities that are most visible to health professionals such as research funding and public health programmes and involves an extensive body of legislation that affects almost every aspect of health and health care", "title_raw": "Health law and policy in the European Union", "abstract_raw": "From its origins as six western European countries coming together to reduce trade barriers, the European Union (EU) has expanded, both geographically and in the scope of its actions, to become an important supranational body whose policies affect almost all aspects of the lives of its citizens. This influence extends to health and health services. The EU's formal responsibilities in health and health services are limited in scope, but, it has substantial indirect influence on them. In this paper, we describe the institutions of the EU, its legislative process, and the nature of European law as it affects free movement of the goods, people, and services that affect health or are necessary to deliver health care. We show how the influence of the EU goes far beyond the activities that are most visible to health professionals, such as research funding and public health programmes, and involves an extensive body of legislation that affects almost every aspect of health and health care." }, { "paper": "2152256755", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2013", "title": "targeted campaign appeals and the value of ambiguity", "label": [ "39549134", "2776424047", "2778449503", "2776359362", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2038352814", "1896528579" ], "reference": [ "70961367", "359248696", "636366260", "780714422", "1503976143", "1516807286", "1600566067", "1930813282", "1989261819", "1989926909", "1993470021", "1999215716", "2001346959", "2010978944", "2015475645", "2027431738", "2028566367", "2031644889", "2037805726", "2046218427", "2053091009", "2079694060", "2090657803", "2100375110", "2103972398", "2105692638", "2113302370", "2116514027", "2119298903", "2121079300", "2121811560", "2129888853", "2131379912", "2136753600", "2141708418", "2156555424", "2170612873", "2315809957", "2322912595", "2331217533", "2340858584", "3123570947", "3123693160" ], "abstract": "political campaigns increasingly micro target given detailed knowledge of voters identities campaigns try to persuade voters by pandering to these identities through multiple survey experiments we examine the persuasiveness of group directed pandering we ask do group members respond more favorably to appeals geared to them or do they prefer broad based appeals do voters not in a group penalize candidates who appeal to a group answers to these questions help us grapple with the evolving relationship between voters and candidates in a rapidly changing information environment our results suggest that voters rarely prefer targeted pandering to general messages and that mistargeted voters penalize candidates enough to erase the positive returns to targeting theoretically targeting may allow candidates to quietly promise particularistic benefits to narrow audiences thereby altering the nature of political representation but voters seem to prefer being solicited based on broad principles and col", "title_raw": "Targeted Campaign Appeals and the Value of Ambiguity", "abstract_raw": "Political campaigns increasingly micro-target. Given detailed knowledge of voters\u2019 identities, campaigns try to persuade voters by pandering to these identities. Through multiple survey experiments, we examine the persuasiveness of group-directed pandering. We ask: Do group members respond more favorably to appeals geared to them, or do they prefer broad-based appeals? Do voters not in a group penalize candidates who appeal to a group? Answers to these questions help us grapple with the evolving relationship between voters and candidates in a rapidly changing information environment. Our results suggest that voters rarely prefer targeted pandering to general messages and that \u201cmistargeted\u201d voters penalize candidates enough to erase the positive returns to targeting. Theoretically, targeting may allow candidates to quietly promise particularistic benefits to narrow audiences, thereby altering the nature of political representation, but voters seem to prefer being solicited based on broad principles and col..." }, { "paper": "1992224709", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2013", "title": "economic voting in latin america a general model", "label": [ "555826173", "158886217", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2014625105", "2294805130" ], "reference": [ "626858470", "656577657", "911872187", "1533612594", "1559040657", "1577954649", "1869341281", "1981993278", "2037456332", "2058863953", "2061363501", "2115074743", "2150796138", "2151387905", "2170883809", "2324392187", "2328499630", "2329648039", "2580989708", "2796863640" ], "abstract": "economics and elections have been much studied in the highincome democracies of north america and europe however little is known especially comparatively about economic voting in low income democracies such as those of latin america here we offer the first comparative election study of the economic vote in this region we apply a series of ever more demanding statistical tests to an election survey pool of 12 latin american nations measured at three time periods total n 7000 unambiguously the finding is of highly significant even strong sociotropic retrospective economic effects on the incumbent vote in latin america as in other democratic nations studied thus far governments are rewarded or punished according to the economic performance they command", "title_raw": "Economic voting in Latin America: A general model", "abstract_raw": "Economics and elections have been much-studied in the highincome democracies of North America and Europe. However, little is known, especially comparatively, about economic voting in low-income democracies, such as those of Latin America. Here we offer the first comparative election study of the economic vote in this region. We apply a series of ever-more demanding statistical tests to an election survey pool of 12 Latin American nations, measured at three time periods (total N > 7000). Unambiguously, the finding is of highly significant, even strong, sociotropic retrospective economic effects on the incumbent vote. In Latin America, as in other democratic nations studied thus far, governments are rewarded or punished, according to the economic performance they command." }, { "paper": "2152952743", "venue": "167854760", "year": "2013", "title": "rock art tourism in the ukhahlamba drakensberg world heritage site obstacles to the development of sustainable tourism", "label": [ "123253695", "2778734068", "75545042", "93371752", "60671577", "18918823", "151807755" ], "author": [ "2573437493", "2115665243" ], "reference": [ "44098579", "65739654", "145302343", "269117215", "364070867", "435547613", "562858128", "605015387", "614619420", "632572263", "1492036028", "1515725030", "1575623223", "1599421166", "1889326825", "1902081397", "1972076859", "2000527663", "2007532924", "2016853882", "2037151278", "2044687123", "2048888318", "2051754502", "2052128344", "2056508920", "2080440320", "2082942809", "2091681294", "2095351781", "2105368355", "2124683600", "2155725926", "2287423344", "2316464836", "2318613110", "2326612802", "2488924625", "2528229127", "2589102318", "2757309469", "2764001936", "2796565908", "2801308241", "3143386045" ], "abstract": "this paper focuses on rock art tourism a highly vulnerable heritage of broad public interest only sustainable within an effective management framework the paper explores tourism management in south africa s ukhahlamba drakensberg world heritage site inscribed in 2000 for its natural landscapes and its exceptional rock art heritage in practice nature dominates the area s tourism and management dynamics current tourism patterns markets and frequencies together with rock art s low place within tourist agendas are described this situation is shown to be a legacy of european alpine romanticism and the political rejection of indigenous cultural heritage prior to 1994 still expressed through visitor patterns and marketing policies despite rock art needing tourism to valorise its conservation and being recognised by commentators and the state as a viable route to tourism development heritage conservation socio economic regeneration and cultural empowerment the failure to reformentrenched and ineffective tourism conservation governance and management systems is exposed the problems affecting rock art tourism have allowed the retention of unwelcome values from south africa s pre democratic era risk the loss of world heritage site status the destruction of globally outstanding art works and waste an important opportunity to expand and diversify sustainable tourism in south africa", "title_raw": "Rock art tourism in the uKhahlamba/Drakensberg World Heritage Site: obstacles to the development of sustainable tourism", "abstract_raw": "This paper focuses on rock art tourism, a highly vulnerable heritage of broad public interest, only sustainable within an effective management framework. The paper explores tourism management in South Africa's uKhahlamba-Drakensberg World Heritage Site, inscribed in 2000 for its natural landscapes and its exceptional rock art heritage. In practice, nature dominates the area's tourism and management dynamics. Current tourism patterns, markets and frequencies, together with rock art's low place within tourist agendas, are described. This situation is shown to be a legacy of European Alpine romanticism, and the political rejection of indigenous cultural heritage prior to 1994, still expressed through visitor patterns and marketing policies. Despite rock art needing tourism to valorise its conservation, and being recognised by commentators and the state as a viable route to tourism development, heritage conservation, socio-economic regeneration and cultural empowerment, the failure to reformentrenched and ineffective tourism/conservation governance and management systems is exposed. The problems affecting rock art tourism have allowed the retention of unwelcome values from South Africa's pre-democratic era, risk the loss of World Heritage site status, the destruction of globally outstanding art works and waste an important opportunity to expand and diversify sustainable tourism in South Africa." }, { "paper": "1988562001", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2013", "title": "professional societies come together", "label": [ "39549134", "134215751" ], "author": [ "1978156456" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "scientific organizations can help researchers especially in developing countries to make contacts and boost their skills", "title_raw": "Professional societies: Come together", "abstract_raw": "Scientific organizations can help researchers \u2014 especially in developing countries \u2014 to make contacts and boost their skills." }, { "paper": "2027963970", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2013", "title": "dialogue about elections in japan and south korea", "label": [ "76775654", "191935318", "34355311", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2124770368", "1613287573", "1693653402" ], "reference": [ "388310478", "1486092513", "1544114565", "2303357353" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dialogue about elections in Japan and South Korea", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2561704199", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "gay marriage goes to court in colombia", "label": [ "513891491", "199539241", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2661688752" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Gay Marriage Goes to Court in Colombia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2554730315", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "peace signs in colombia", "label": [ "199539241", "183761623" ], "author": [ "2540090338" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Peace Signs in Colombia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2330158936", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2013", "title": "did fact checking matter in the 2012 presidential campaign", "label": [ "555826173", "39549134", "197487636", "109986646", "94625758", "99574664", "119513131" ], "author": [ "2557590214", "2124418198", "1999025047", "2168055226" ], "reference": [ "1519575580", "2020090220", "2026841124", "2132553681", "2134599899" ], "abstract": "the new media environment raises two questions will campaign deceptions have traveled around the web before journalism has the fact checking in place to ensnare them and if diligent checking of claims does exist will it fall on an audience too enmeshed in its own biases to see past them this essay draws on evidence from the annenberg public policy center s 2012 institutions of democracy political knowledge survey to argue that long form political fact checking can increase the accuracy of voters perceptions of both candidate stands on issues and the background facts of the presidential race", "title_raw": "Did Fact Checking Matter in the 2012 Presidential Campaign", "abstract_raw": "The new media environment raises two questions: Will campaign deceptions have traveled around the web before journalism has the fact-checking in place to ensnare them? And if diligent checking of claims does exist, will it fall on an audience too enmeshed in its own biases to see past them? This essay draws on evidence from the Annenberg Public Policy Center\u2019s 2012 Institutions of Democracy Political Knowledge Survey to argue that long-form political fact-checking can increase the accuracy of voters\u2019 perceptions of both candidate stands on issues and the background facts of the presidential race." }, { "paper": "2026882452", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2013", "title": "political participation in britain the decline and revival of civic culture", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2128126957" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Participation in Britain: The Decline and Revival of Civic Culture", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2032520161", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2013", "title": "the europeanization of portuguese democracy", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "1972105522" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Europeanization of Portuguese Democracy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1994121865", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2013", "title": "prominent institutions in international collaboration network in astronomy and astrophysics", "label": [ "2780510313" ], "author": [ "2111422119", "2101300563" ], "reference": [ "177692287", "1634966288", "1766158111", "1799889357", "1806049801", "1813141316", "1837388624", "1968963246", "1971909015", "1972031884", "1978532691", "1986770435", "1988175712", "1994668832", "2008974576", "2040540480", "2041865932", "2050731935", "2053001600", "2063360622", "2072405509", "2074254500", "2074564899", "2074846680", "2075591952", "2086628483", "2097777089", "2104780365", "2116871268", "2119959310", "2120720358", "2124407761", "2144360362", "2165626527", "2762566243", "3021069250", "3124856069" ], "abstract": "the study explores the international collaboration network consisting of 606 astronomical institutions through the analysis of international coauthored papers published in six journals in astronomy and astrophysics from 2001 to 2009 it shows that the istituto nazionale di astrofisica inaf and european southern observatory eso are the most notable actors with the highest values of centrality in the network while japan meteorological agency jma is the only institution that is completely separated from others it is observed that national academies in major countries international organizations and large observatories are more likely to be the central actors yet some world famous astronomical institutions such as cfa nasa and caltech are identified as remarkable actors in the network they show no strikingly high scores in the centrality measures overall astronomical institutions network position varies with time nevertheless not all of institutions present considerable changes during the investigation periods while some institutions moved from central to relative peripheral positions or in the opposite direction the institutions which are positioned at the very center of the network tend to be stable over time", "title_raw": "Prominent institutions in international collaboration network in astronomy and astrophysics", "abstract_raw": "The study explores the international collaboration network consisting of 606 astronomical institutions through the analysis of international coauthored papers published in six journals in astronomy and astrophysics from 2001 to 2009. It shows that the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) and European Southern Observatory (ESO) are the most notable actors, with the highest values of centrality in the network, while Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) is the only institution that is completely separated from others. It is observed that national academies in major countries, international organizations, and large observatories are more likely to be the central actors. Yet some world-famous astronomical institutions, such as CfA, NASA, and Caltech, are identified as remarkable actors in the network, they show no strikingly high scores in the centrality measures. Overall, astronomical institutions' network position varies with time; nevertheless, not all of institutions present considerable changes during the investigation periods. While some institutions moved from central to relative peripheral positions, or in the opposite direction, the institutions which are positioned at the very center of the network tend to be stable over time." }, { "paper": "2028616314", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2013", "title": "city versus countryside in mao s china negotiating the divide jeremy brown cambridge cambridge university press 2012 xiv 254 pp 99 00 isbn 978 1 107 02404 5", "label": [ "129047720", "199776023", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2319676679" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "City Versus Countryside in Mao's China: Negotiating the Divide. Jeremy Brown. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. xiv + 254 pp. $99.00. ISBN 978-1-107-02404-5", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2092387887", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2013", "title": "war rivalry and state building in the middle east", "label": [ "148834064", "29985473", "2779175671", "2776398702", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2142056429", "2090558458" ], "reference": [ "195272681", "592889070", "608494711", "645226663", "1527836078", "1548087870", "1560689838", "1598011434", "1877282279", "1964470505", "1976351364", "1980111222", "1999078301", "2000981319", "2006748105", "2009787161", "2015694619", "2019206817", "2024460106", "2025448943", "2034301206", "2039536467", "2041692102", "2055306051", "2056423776", "2059351343", "2063892369", "2066979365", "2071665379", "2076202601", "2079656371", "2083248114", "2083780500", "2086342481", "2086838579", "2089839731", "2090658458", "2100365742", "2102949004", "2112639225", "2114995993", "2115324825", "2116759603", "2123219467", "2128841695", "2129232414", "2132482742", "2137603881", "2144950988", "2146764280", "2149758946", "2151780178", "2154979475", "2156625419", "2157310954", "2160941401", "2164255149", "2166909459", "2168943027", "2171154925", "2312457609", "2315807216", "2479108660", "2607407351", "2607411154", "2773187124", "3122074090", "3126105906", "3155223420" ], "abstract": "we examine how war and rivalry affect state building in the middle east we argue that wars and rivalries promote state capacity defined as the ability of a government to penetrate society for the purposes of resource extraction using cross national time series data for eighteen middle eastern countries from 1960 to 2003 we find that the structural pressure caused by the presence of international and domestic rivals augments extractive capacity conversely both international and civil wars jeopardize state building in the middle east furthermore the negative effects of war upon state capacity are far greater than the constructive effects of rivalry", "title_raw": "War, Rivalry, and State Building in the Middle East", "abstract_raw": "We examine how war and rivalry affect state building in the Middle East. We argue that wars and rivalries promote state capacity, defined as the ability of a government to penetrate society for the purposes of resource extraction. Using cross-national time-series data for eighteen Middle Eastern countries from 1960 to 2003, we find that the structural pressure caused by the presence of international and domestic rivals augments extractive capacity. Conversely, both international and civil wars jeopardize state building in the Middle East. Furthermore, the negative effects of war upon state capacity are far greater than the constructive effects of rivalry." }, { "paper": "2152622252", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2013", "title": "is state gambling policy morality policy framing debates over state lotteries", "label": [ "200113983", "46355384", "199539241", "83009810", "2780534388", "109986646", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2653362988" ], "reference": [ "192763395", "1508105874", "2000684188", "2032699586", "2064612194", "2066997075", "2067603391", "2078635544", "2089436961", "2089525097", "2102400634", "2145923394", "2168828532", "2169844845" ], "abstract": "the politics of so called morality policies including same sex marriage abortion gun control and gambling have captured the attention of both the public and political scientists in recent years many studies have argued that morality policy constitutes a category of public policy that has distinctive characteristics such as technical simplicity and less amenability to compromise compared with non morality policy however in a recent contribution mucciaroni argues that morality policy should instead be viewed primarily as a strategy for framing issues drawing on examples from the debate over gay rights mucciaroni finds that opponents focus on rational instrumental or procedural frames more so than engaging in morality talk in this study i seek to extend mucciaroni s analysis to the issue of lottery gambling in the united states drawing on data from legislative records in four states i find that lottery critics mostly avoid private behavior based morality arguments instead they criticize government s role in sanctioning lotteries and denounce the negative consequences of gambling supporters meanwhile emphasize the potential benefits of lottery creation and the importance of allowing the state public a voice on the issue the results indicate that rational instrumental arguments coexist alongside morality talk in state lottery debates and that private behavior morality frames are on the decline while governmental morality frames are on the rise", "title_raw": "Is state gambling policy \"morality policy\"? Framing debates over state lotteries.", "abstract_raw": "The politics of so-called \u201cmorality policies\u201d including same-sex marriage, abortion, gun control, and gambling have captured the attention of both the public and political scientists in recent years. Many studies have argued that morality policy constitutes a category of public policy that has distinctive characteristics (such as technical simplicity and less amenability to compromise) compared with non-morality policy. However, in a recent contribution Mucciaroni argues that morality \u201cpolicy\u201d should instead be viewed primarily as a strategy for framing issues. Drawing on examples from the debate over gay rights, Mucciaroni finds that opponents focus on rational-instrumental or procedural frames more so than engaging in \u201cmorality talk.\u201d In this study, I seek to extend Mucciaroni's analysis to the issue of lottery gambling in the United States. Drawing on data from legislative records in four states, I find that lottery critics mostly avoid private behavior-based morality arguments. Instead, they criticize government's role in sanctioning lotteries and denounce the negative consequences of gambling. Supporters, meanwhile, emphasize the potential benefits of lottery creation and the importance of allowing the state public a voice on the issue. The results indicate that rational-instrumental arguments coexist alongside morality talk in state lottery debates, and that private behavior morality frames are on the decline while governmental morality frames are on the rise." }, { "paper": "2032053961", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2013", "title": "the dynamics of immigration opinion in the united states 1992 2012", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "2342571755" ], "reference": [ "643487436", "1561551743", "1973524691", "2159848406", "2273917609" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Dynamics of Immigration Opinion in the United States, 1992\u20132012", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3125930678", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2013", "title": "is there a secret ballot ballot secrecy perceptions and their implications for voting behaviour", "label": [ "2777094542", "94625758", "30231744", "2776153805", "2778918458", "555826173", "520049643", "2776452267" ], "author": [ "2102719940", "2097956988", "2159049349", "2342772676" ], "reference": [ "454461030", "584398834", "609208278", "641132676", "1485619374", "1592453918", "1596149372", "1596388439", "1969900674", "1977825494", "1981027622", "1991840022", "1994332130", "2022108598", "2030398623", "2031340404", "2032582283", "2033314195", "2035852628", "2044300367", "2045102314", "2045194028", "2049484510", "2051815938", "2057970462", "2058622521", "2061608912", "2067808580", "2076182081", "2079955265", "2088706719", "2094169048", "2095402284", "2095631758", "2096563449", "2101298928", "2102374654", "2122765552", "2132841365", "2136092540", "2145461824", "2150514305", "2159663728", "2165938089", "2167701324", "2168060994", "2317867473", "2323785205", "2324622157", "2325369522", "2328567518", "2331038140", "2335154748", "2901331849", "3085477259", "3121147769", "3125521016" ], "abstract": "do people believe the votes they cast are truly secret novel items added to a nationally representative survey show that 25 per cent of respondents report not believing their ballot choices are kept secret and over 70 per cent report sharing their vote choices with others these findings suggest that standard models of candidate choice should account for the potential effects of doubts about ballot secrecy consistent with this view regression analysis shows that social forces appear to have a greater effect on vote choices among people who doubt the formal secrecy of the ballot this analysis supports the broader claim that the intended benefits of institutional rules may not be realized if people s perceptions of these rules differ from their formal characteristics the secret ballot was introduced in the roman assemblies in the second century as a way of lessening the control of the upper classes over the electorate and enhancing the voters effective freedom of choice 1 reformers cited a similar rationale in pushing for the adoption of the secret ballot in the united states in the second half of the nineteenth century hoping a secret ballot would reduce bribery and coercion by employers and party officials 2 ballot secrecy is now a common and unquestioned component of virtually all legitimate democratic contests indeed article 25 of the united nations civil and political covenant lists the secret ballot as a crucial component of a fair electoral process 3 in the united states the secret ballot is well established having been in place for over a century 4 even if the formal process of voting is in fact perfectly secret however it does", "title_raw": "Is There a Secret Ballot? Ballot Secrecy Perceptions and Their Implications for Voting Behaviour", "abstract_raw": "Do people believe the votes they cast are truly secret? Novel items added to a nationally representative survey show that 25 per cent of respondents report not believing their ballot choices are kept secret and over 70 per cent report sharing their vote choices with others. These findings suggest that standard models of candidate choice should account for the potential effects of doubts about ballot secrecy. Consistent with this view, regression analysis shows that social forces appear to have a greater effect on vote choices among people who doubt the formal secrecy of the ballot. This analysis supports the broader claim that the intended benefits of institutional rules may not be realized if people\u2019s perceptions of these rules differ from their formal characteristics. The secret ballot was introduced in the Roman assemblies in the second century as a way of \u2018lessening the control of the upper classes over the electorate, and enhancing the voters\u2019 effective freedom of choice\u2019. 1 Reformers cited a similar rationale in pushing for the adoption of the secret ballot in the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century, hoping a secret ballot would reduce bribery and coercion by employers and party officials. 2 Ballot secrecy is now a common and unquestioned component of virtually all legitimate democratic contests. Indeed, Article 25 of the United Nations\u2019 Civil and Political Covenant lists the secret ballot as a crucial component of a fair electoral process. 3 In the United States the secret ballot is well established, having been in place for over a century. 4 Even if the formal process of voting is in fact perfectly secret, however, it does" }, { "paper": "2149899588", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2013", "title": "the rule of law democracy and intelligence", "label": [ "177986884", "2776406285", "124267892", "558872910", "2780587575", "199539241", "555826173", "111439079", "544040105" ], "author": [ "2121845979" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "i began drafting this introduction on july 30 2013 the day that bradley now chelsea manning was convicted on 19 of 21 charges including 6 counts of espionage in a u s military court martial manning is a former u s army intelligence analyst who covertly conveyed to wikileaks a massive file of over 700 000 classified documents including battlefield reports from iraq reports from afghanistan and state department cables thereby publicly disclosing extensive information about u s military conduct and misconduct of the wars in iraq and afghanistan manning was subjected to harsh treatment including solitary confinement during the first nine months of his detention sparking public outcry and leading a un special rapporteur on torture to hold that his detention represented cruel inhuman and degrading treatment", "title_raw": "The Rule of Law, Democracy, and Intelligence", "abstract_raw": "I began drafting this Introduction on July 30, 2013, the day that Bradley (now Chelsea) Manning was convicted on 19 of 21 charges, including 6 counts of espionage, in a U.S. military court martial. Manning is a former U.S. Army intelligence analyst who covertly conveyed to WikiLeaks a massive file of over 700,000 classified documents\u2014including battlefield reports from Iraq, reports from Afghanistan, and State Department cables\u2014thereby publicly disclosing extensive information about U.S. military conduct, and misconduct, of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Manning was subjected to harsh treatment, including solitary confinement during the first nine months of his detention, sparking public outcry and leading a UN Special Rapporteur on Torture to hold that his detention represented cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment." }, { "paper": "2054216099", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2013", "title": "democracy building and civil society in post soviet armenia women s social activism in the new ukraine development and the politics of differentiation", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758", "513891491" ], "author": [ "2121623141" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "armine ishkanian routledge contemporary russia and eastern europe series abingdon new york routledge 2012 ix 200pp 26 00 p b sarah d phillips indiana university press 2008 xvi 206pp", "title_raw": "Democracy Building and Civil Society in Post-Soviet Armenia/Women's Social Activism in the New Ukraine: Development and the Politics of Differentiation", "abstract_raw": "Armine Ishkanian Routledge Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe Series. Abingdon & New York: Routledge, 2012, ix +200pp, \u00a326.00 p/b, Sarah D. Phillips Indiana University Press, 2008, xvi +206pp, ..." }, { "paper": "1975922053", "venue": "167854760", "year": "2013", "title": "tourism strategies and climate change rhetoric at both strategic and grassroots levels about growth and sustainable development in finland", "label": [ "552854447", "24845683", "18918823", "2781188222" ], "author": [ "157172192", "1769928274" ], "reference": [ "1505815001", "1597317454", "1762778111", "1857429185", "1923711028", "1935939954", "1982262036", "1994796062", "1996065858", "2036405484", "2046301835", "2068344724", "2068600307", "2076225180", "2081249916", "2095207348", "2139064012", "2140627696", "2140854401", "2289130668", "2407854638", "3033747754" ], "abstract": "this paper explores how global issues such as climate change are taken into account in tourism strategy texts and contrasts these findings with how the issue is seen at the grassroots level by local businesses we analyse how both levels approach adaptation to climate change using boltanski and thevenot s six common worlds of justification model for debates on public issues we analyse the rhetoric of national regional and local tourism strategies in finland and then explore how the rhetoric is employed by interviewing 42 local tourism actors the strategy analysis shows that strategic documents do not simply describe situations but are active in creating and shaping future development and how different kinds of orders of worth are used to establish acceptable universal truths to shape through consensus how tourism actors think about the sector s future results show that at a strategic level climate change issues are dealt with in an abstract manner concentrating on the viewpoints of markets", "title_raw": "Tourism strategies and climate change: rhetoric at both strategic and grassroots levels about growth and sustainable development in Finland", "abstract_raw": "This paper explores how global issues such as climate change are taken into account in tourism strategy texts and contrasts these findings with how the issue is seen at the grassroots level by local businesses. We analyse how both levels approach adaptation to climate change. Using Boltanski and Thevenot's six common \u201cworlds\u201d of justification model for debates on public issues, we analyse the rhetoric of national, regional, and local tourism strategies in Finland and then explore how the rhetoric is employed by interviewing 42 local tourism actors. The strategy analysis shows that strategic documents do not simply describe situations but are active in creating and shaping future development, and how different kinds of \u201corders of worth\u201d are used, to establish acceptable \u201cuniversal truths\u201d to shape through consensus how tourism actors think about the sector's future. Results show that at a strategic level, climate change issues are dealt with in an abstract manner, concentrating on the viewpoints of markets..." }, { "paper": "2025868112", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2013", "title": "learning by leading integrating leadership in public relations education for an enhanced value", "label": [ "2780271678", "88251983", "7225491", "68489960", "67126808", "197386563", "111366508", "207195186", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2240620958" ], "reference": [ "1967236252", "2013487146", "2053705922", "2065423990", "2072620507" ], "abstract": "twin surveys of senior public relations executives and public relations majors compared perceptual similarities and differences in leadership qualities skill development sources and unique features of public relations leadership the perceptual gap revealed what students believe to be important or less important in the self actualization process as future leaders the results offered pedagogical recommendations on how to integrate leadership training in public relations education to prepare students with a sustainable competitive advantage", "title_raw": "Learning by leading: Integrating leadership in public relations education for an enhanced value", "abstract_raw": "Twin surveys of senior public relations executives and public relations majors compared perceptual similarities and differences in leadership qualities, skill development sources, and unique features of public relations leadership. The perceptual gap revealed what students believe to be important or less important in the self-actualization process as future leaders. The results offered pedagogical recommendations on how to integrate leadership training in public relations education to prepare students with a sustainable competitive advantage." }, { "paper": "2146450739", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2013", "title": "attack advertising the white decision and voter participation in state supreme court elections", "label": [ "159608614", "2909001134", "199539241", "81819989" ], "author": [ "2236250071", "1975239608" ], "reference": [ "460683038", "1503042507", "1986004541", "1986245243", "1991139742", "1997079454", "1998746569", "2006650489", "2012038151", "2041108440", "2047531443", "2065670687", "2071406760", "2072477216", "2095759011", "2097081042", "2108314437", "2133831945", "2138525088", "2141128464", "2149170403", "2158032059", "2158998412", "2164378528", "2170384318", "2313761899", "2326681523", "2331780937", "2611545255", "3121610978", "3125110455", "3125503099" ], "abstract": "this project evaluates whether televised attack advertising and less restrictive campaign speech codes brought about by republican party of minnesota v white 2002 have had adverse effects on citizen participation in state supreme court elections the authors specific focus is on partisan and nonpartisan races from 2002 through 2006 overall they find that attack ads and liberalized speech codes actually mobilize rather than demobilize the electorate these findings highlight the striking similarities between supreme court elections and elections to other important offices these results also raise questions about the validity of normative accounts of the relationship between citizens and the bench", "title_raw": "Attack Advertising, the White Decision, and Voter Participation in State Supreme Court Elections:", "abstract_raw": "This project evaluates whether televised attack advertising and less restrictive campaign speech codes brought about by Republican Party of Minnesota v. White (2002) have had adverse effects on citizen participation in state supreme court elections. The authors\u2019 specific focus is on partisan and nonpartisan races from 2002 through 2006. Overall, they find that attack ads and liberalized speech codes actually mobilize rather than demobilize the electorate. These findings highlight the striking similarities between supreme court elections and elections to other important offices. These results also raise questions about the validity of normative accounts of the relationship between citizens and the bench." }, { "paper": "3122828002", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2013", "title": "race and the disappointing right to counsel", "label": [ "2777278149", "2779137516", "2780652975", "2777632292", "2776119841", "102587632", "2778272461", "199539241", "2777359062" ], "author": [ "2792175010" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "critics of the criminal justice system observe that the promise of gideon v wainwright remains unfulfilled they decry both the inadequate quality of representation available to indigent defendants and the racially disproportionate outcome of the criminal process some hope that better representation can help remedy the gross overrepresentation of minorities in the criminal justice system this essay is doubtful that better lawyers will significantly address that problem when the supreme court decided gideon it had two main purposes first it intended to protect the innocent from conviction this goal while imperfectly achieved at best was explicit since gideon the court has continued to recognize the importance of innocence claims at trial issuing important pro defense decisions in the areas of confrontation jury factfinding the right to present a defense and elsewhere the court s second goal was to protect african americans subject to the jim crow system of criminal justice but as it had in powell v alabama the court pursued this end covertly and indirectly attempting to deal with racial discrimination without explicitly addressing it this timidity was portentous gideon did not mark the beginning of a judicial project to eliminate race from the criminal justice system root and branch since gideon the court has made it practically impossible to invoke racial bias as a defense so long as those charged are in fact guilty discrimination in legislative criminalization in enforcement and in sentencing practices are essentially unchallengeable since gideon racial disproportionality in the prison population has increased not only might gideon not have solved the problem it may have exacerbated it to the extent that gideon improved the quality of counsel available to the poor defense lawyers may be able to obtain favorable exercises of discretion in investigation prosecution and sentencing for indigent white defendants that they cannot for clients of color for these reasons racial disparity likely cannot be remedied indirectly with more or better lawyers instead the remedy lies in directly prohibiting discrimination and having fewer crimes fewer arrests and fewer prosecutions", "title_raw": "Race and the disappointing right to counsel", "abstract_raw": "Critics of the criminal justice system observe that the promise of Gideon v. Wainwright remains unfulfilled. They decry both the inadequate quality of representation available to indigent defendants and the racially disproportionate outcome of the criminal process. Some hope that better representation can help remedy the gross overrepresentation of minorities in the criminal justice system. This Essay is doubtful that better lawyers will significantly address that problem. When the Supreme Court decided Gideon, it had two main purposes. First, it intended to protect the innocent from conviction. This goal, while imperfectly achieved at best, was explicit. Since Gideon, the Court has continued to recognize the importance of innocence claims at trial, issuing important, pro-defense decisions in the areas of confrontation, jury factfinding, the right to present a defense, and elsewhere. The Court's second goal was to protect African Americans subject to the Jim Crow system of criminal justice. But, as it had in Powell v. Alabama, the Court pursued this end covertly and indirectly, attempting to deal with racial discrimination without explicitly addressing it. This timidity was portentous. Gideon did not mark the beginning of a judicial project to eliminate race from the criminal justice system root and branch. Since Gideon, the Court has made it practically impossible to invoke racial bias as a defense; so long as those charged are in fact guilty, discrimination in legislative criminalization, in enforcement, and in sentencing practices are essentially unchallengeable. Since Gideon, racial disproportionality in the prison population has increased. Not only might Gideon not have solved the problem, it may have exacerbated it. To the extent that Gideon improved the quality of counsel available to the poor, defense lawyers may be able to obtain favorable exercises of discretion in investigation, prosecution, and sentencing for indigent white defendants that they cannot for clients of color. For these reasons, racial disparity likely cannot be remedied indirectly with more or better lawyers. Instead, the remedy lies in directly prohibiting discrimination and having fewer crimes, fewer arrests, and fewer prosecutions." }, { "paper": "2552104129", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "the egyptian military s playbook", "label": [ "17058734" ], "author": [ "2302910390" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Egyptian Military's Playbook", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2092347795", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2013", "title": "two types of public relations problems and integrating formative and evaluative research a review of research programs within the behavioral strategic management paradigm", "label": [ "39549134", "178649314" ], "author": [ "2163104870", "2157384275" ], "reference": [ "1485977648", "1499493670", "1501873504", "1662240627", "1964620563", "1968118027", "1969913126", "1973456675", "1994089518", "2011744324", "2017613618", "2033286086", "2048923498", "2049525547", "2052121139", "2069862947", "2082940949", "2086613196", "2100774179", "2405928013", "2900642020", "2907758065", "2932500090", "3000987374", "3011074188", "3082159584" ], "abstract": "through a review of related research programs within the behavioral strategic management paradigm in public relations this article integrates the use of formative and evaluative research in two types of public relations problems aiming to propose a theory driven guiding procedure for public relations practice this article first defines 2 different kinds of public relations problems and proposes new ways of using existing theories situational theory and relational theory for both formative research focusing on identification of publics and evaluative research i e assessment of public relations effectiveness using the most appropriate metrics", "title_raw": "Two Types of Public Relations Problems and Integrating Formative and Evaluative Research: A Review of Research Programs within the Behavioral, Strategic Management Paradigm", "abstract_raw": "Through a review of related research programs within the behavioral, strategic management paradigm in public relations, this article integrates the use of formative and evaluative research in two types of public relations problems. Aiming to propose a theory-driven guiding procedure for public relations practice, this article first defines 2 different kinds of public relations problems and proposes new ways of using existing theories (situational theory and relational theory) for both formative research (focusing on identification of publics) and evaluative research (i.e., assessment of public relations effectiveness using the most appropriate metrics)." }, { "paper": "3123359075", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2013", "title": "the informal politics of legislation explaining secluded decision making in the european union", "label": [ "2776503585", "2777351106", "94625758", "2781243023", "2781440851", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2718813800", "2067653320", "2742393975", "2154390032" ], "reference": [ "152041921", "209184038", "323478544", "653231468", "1498895400", "1550684686", "1963672610", "1982727021", "1997947177", "1999198371", "2014119857", "2017376067", "2019566739", "2019714416", "2043234688", "2047439061", "2053270667", "2056779843", "2061117676", "2082184403", "2083633156", "2085500839", "2095631758", "2117920188", "2130600069", "2143943407", "2168283218", "2171780572", "2334554013", "2487608997", "2796047446", "3022491623", "3121147769" ], "abstract": "this article investigates a widespread yet understudied trend in eu politics the shift of legislative decision making from public inclusive to informal se cluded arenas and the subsequent adoption of legislation as early agree ments since its introduction in 1999 fast track legislation has increased dramatically accounting for 72 of codecision files in the sixth european parliament drawing from functionalist institutionalism distributive bargain ing theory and sociological institutionalism this article explains under what conditions informal decision making is likely to occur the authors test their hypotheses on an original data set of all 797 codecision files negotiated between mid 1999 and mid 2009 their analysis suggests that fast track leg islation is systematically related to the number of participants legislative workload and complexity these findings back a functionalist argument emphasizing the transaction costs of intraorganizational coordination and in formation gathering however redistributive and salient acts are regularly decided informally and the council presidency s priorities have no significant effect on fast track legislation hence the authors cannot confirm explana tions based on issue properties or actors privileged institutional positions finally they find a strong effect for the time fast track legislation has been used suggesting socialization into interorganizational norms of cooperation", "title_raw": "The Informal Politics of Legislation Explaining Secluded Decision Making in the European Union", "abstract_raw": "This article investigates a widespread yet understudied trend in EU politics: the shift of legislative decision making from public inclusive to informal se- cluded arenas and the subsequent adoption of legislation as \u201cearly agree- ments.\u201d Since its introduction in 1999, \u201cfast-track legislation\u201d has increased dramatically, accounting for 72% of codecision files in the Sixth European Parliament. Drawing from functionalist institutionalism, distributive bargain- ing theory, and sociological institutionalism, this article explains under what conditions informal decision making is likely to occur. The authors test their hypotheses on an original data set of all 797 codecision files negotiated between mid-1999 and mid-2009. Their analysis suggests that fast-track leg- islation is systematically related to the number of participants, legislative workload, and complexity. These findings back a functionalist argument, emphasizing the transaction costs of intraorganizational coordination and in- formation gathering. However, redistributive and salient acts are regularly decided informally, and the Council presidency\u2019s priorities have no significant effect on fast-track legislation. Hence, the authors cannot confirm explana- tions based on issue properties or actors\u2019 privileged institutional positions. Finally, they find a strong effect for the time fast-track legislation has been used, suggesting socialization into interorganizational norms of cooperation." }, { "paper": "3121760700", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2013", "title": "h l a hart s lost essay discretion and the legal process school", "label": [ "2781458485", "2779204856", "2777632292", "170706310", "2776051254", "204434341" ], "author": [ "2542763333" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "b what is discretion 1 the analytical approach to definition hart devoted a large portion of his paper to the first question what is discretion it was a classic application of hart s linguistic method he believed that providing an account of a concept requires analyzing the way ordinary speakers use the words associated with that concept 180 to analyze discretion therefore hart investigated the uses of the word discretion in a variety of different contexts legal and nonlegal and then inferred the general principles at play 181 while hart was aware that there were borderline cases penumbral situations that might or might not be classified as discretion he mainly aimed to contribute a clear theory of the core phenomenon when we all agree discretion is present what is it 182 a clear definition of the core phenomenon was in hart s view what the group needed most t he position of the group with respect to discretion hart speculated was parallel to a person who knows his way about town by rote but could not draw a map of it or the crude case where we can say that i can recognize an elephant but i could not define the term elephant for you 183 2 hart s taxonomy of discretion in law hart began his analysis of the core phenomenon by considering a broad list of cases where discretion occurs in the legal system hart was not concerned with discretion in courts alone he was aware that discretion arises not just in statutory or constitutional interpretation but also in many other settings although it would become clear that the role of judges was of special concern for hart as it was for the process theorists he warned against focusing too much on one kind of example at the outset advising the group to remind ourselves of the tremendous diversity of the situations in which this phenomenon appears for nothing in this field is so misleading as over concentration on one sort of example 184 the main distinction in hart s taxonomy of discretion in law was simple 185 sometimes lawmakers explicitly delegate discretionary power to officials or institutions the powers say to set interest rates to end hunting season to appoint officials to issue licenses and so on in hart s terminology these are examples of express or avowed discretion 186 by contrast in cases of tacit or concealed discretion 187 the legal system does not explicitly grant discretionary authority to an official instead the official making an effort to apply rules intended to be as dispositive as possible finds that the rules do not yield a determinate result making necessary the exercise of discretion key examples in this category are disputable questions 188 in statutory interpretation and the application of precedent 189 a third category which received no further discussion includes cases of discretionary interference or dispensation from acknowledged rules pardons and i njunction s against exercise of common law remedies 190 hart further noted that institutions are sometimes charged with exercising multiple forms of discretion express or avowed discretion for example can be exercised by administrative bodies hart identified the now defunct interstate commerce commission and fish and game commissioners as possibilities or by courts in the cases of sentencing d iscretionary remedies and the application of standards like reasonable care so broad as to be understood as constituting an explicit grant of discretionary authority 191 delving deeper into institutional roles hart pointed out that this form of standard applying discretion is entrusted sometimes to judges and sometimes to juries 192 hart classified most appellate adjudication in disputable case s 193 the most politically charged form of decisionmaking on the list as tacit or concealed discretion exercised by courts 194 3", "title_raw": "H. L. A. Hart's Lost Essay: Discretion and the Legal Process School", "abstract_raw": "B. What Is Discretion? 1. The Analytical Approach to Definition.--Hart devoted a large portion of his paper to the first question: \"What is discretion ...?\" It was a classic application of Hart's linguistic method. He believed that providing an account of a concept requires analyzing the way ordinary speakers use the words associated with that concept. (180) To analyze discretion, therefore, Hart investigated the uses of the word \"discretion\" in a variety of different contexts--legal and nonlegal--and then inferred the general principles at play. (181) While Hart was aware that there were borderline cases--penumbral situations that might or might not be classified as discretion--he mainly aimed to contribute a clear theory of the core phenomenon: when we all agree discretion is present, what is it? (182) A clear definition of the core phenomenon was, in Hart's view, what the group needed most: \"[t]he position\" of the group with respect to discretion, Hart speculated, was \"parallel to a person who knows his way about town by rote but could not draw a map of it or the crude case where we can say that I can recognize an elephant but I could not define the term 'elephant' for you.\" (183) 2. Hart's Taxonomy of Discretion in Law.--Hart began his analysis of the core phenomenon by considering a broad list of cases where discretion occurs in the legal system. Hart was not concerned with discretion in courts alone; he was aware that discretion arises not just in statutory or constitutional interpretation, but also in many other settings. Although it would become clear that the role of judges was of special concern for Hart (as it was for the process theorists), he warned against focusing too much on one kind of example at the outset, advising the group \"to remind ourselves of the tremendous diversity of the situations in which this phenomenon appears, for nothing in this field is so misleading as over-concentration on one sort of example.\" (184) The main distinction in Hart's taxonomy of discretion in law was simple. (185) Sometimes, lawmakers explicitly delegate discretionary power to officials or institutions--the powers, say, to set interest rates, to end hunting season, to appoint officials, to issue licenses, and so on. In Hart's terminology, these are examples of \"Express or Avowed ... Discretion.\" (186) By contrast, in cases of \"Tacit or Concealed Discretion,\" (187) the legal system does not explicitly grant discretionary authority to an official; instead, the official, making an effort to apply rules intended to be as dispositive as possible, finds that the rules do not yield a determinate result, making necessary the exercise of discretion. Key examples in this category are \"disputable questions\" (188) in statutory interpretation and the application of precedent. (189) A third category, which received no further discussion, includes cases of \"Discretionary Interference or Dispensation from Acknowledged Rules\": pardons and \"[i]njunction[s] against exercise of common law remedies.\" (190) Hart further noted that institutions are sometimes charged with exercising multiple forms of discretion. \"Express or Avowed ... Discretion,\" for example, can be exercised by \"administrative bodies\" (Hart identified the now-defunct Interstate Commerce Commission and \"Fish and Game Commissioners\" as possibilities), or by courts in the cases of sentencing, \"[d]iscretionary remedies,\" and the application of standards, like \"reasonable care,\" so broad as to be understood as constituting an explicit grant of discretionary authority. (191) Delving deeper into institutional roles, Hart pointed out that this form of standard-applying discretion is entrusted sometimes to judges, and sometimes to juries. (192) Hart classified most appellate adjudication in \"disputable ... case[s]\" (193)--the most politically charged form of decisionmaking on the list--as \"Tacit or Concealed ... Discretion\" exercised by courts. (194) 3. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2052600481", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2013", "title": "the numbers game", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "1982451457" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the accuracy and availability of data in china vary by field but some themes crop up again and again cases are under or overreported data are obtained but not released and definitions and methodologies shift from one use to the next these problems are more pressing now as fields like sociology and economics are rapidly developing the lack of access to good data has become a major hindrance to the advancement of the social sciences in china but some social scientists say they are beginning to remove those distortions", "title_raw": "The Numbers Game", "abstract_raw": "The accuracy and availability of data in China vary by field. But some themes crop up again and again: Cases are under- or overreported, data are obtained but not released, and definitions and methodologies shift from one use to the next. These problems are more pressing now, as fields like sociology and economics are rapidly developing. The lack of access to good data has become a \"major hindrance to the advancement of the social sciences in China,\" but some social scientists say they are beginning to remove those distortions." }, { "paper": "2314120389", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2013", "title": "reinventing political culture the power of culture versus the culture of power", "label": [ "81307892", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2312238790" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reinventing Political Culture: The Power of Culture versus the Culture of Power", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2045814298", "venue": "45992627", "year": "2013", "title": "salaries and work effort an analysis of the european union parliamentarians", "label": [ "2780090960", "2778173179", "2781440851", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2343736975", "2258538517" ], "reference": [ "1484098981", "1520740211", "1553761632", "1570307703", "1688100210", "1985392214", "2005932630", "2008603000", "2018722917", "2049312003", "2071268140", "2074381739", "2095701068", "2099791824", "2109883993", "2112836870", "2123252635", "2125682392", "2134213355", "2138209548", "2143255824", "2165762370", "2169015557", "2249261465", "2797417805", "3022362779", "3024840714", "3119817639", "3121407606", "3122462000", "3122655960", "3123362026", "3124478331", "3124607301", "3124734323", "3125049278" ], "abstract": "before july 2009 salaries of the members of the european parliament meps were paid by their home country and there were substantial salary differences between meps representing different countries starting in july 2009 salaries are pegged to 38 5 of a european court judge s salary paid by the european union this created an exogenous change in salaries the magnitude and direction of which varied substantially using information on each mep between 2004 and 2011 we show that an increase in salaries decreases attendance at plenary sessions and reduces the number of questions asked but it has no impact on other job related activities", "title_raw": "Salaries and Work Effort: An Analysis of the European Union Parliamentarians", "abstract_raw": "Before July 2009, salaries of the Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) were paid by their home country, and there were substantial salary differences between MEPs representing different countries. Starting in July 2009, salaries are pegged to 38.5% of a European Court judge's salary, paid by the European Union. This created an exogenous change in salaries, the magnitude and direction of which varied substantially. Using information on each MEP between 2004 and 2011, we show that an increase in salaries decreases attendance at plenary sessions and reduces the number of questions asked but it has no impact on other job-related activities." }, { "paper": "2051548273", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2013", "title": "judith mackay self made scourge of the tobacco industry", "label": [ "2781145028" ], "author": [ "2156240877" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Judith MacKay: self-made scourge of the tobacco industry.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1984471151", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2013", "title": "publishing as a graduate student a quick and hopefully painless guide to establishing yourself as a scholar", "label": [ "41458344", "151719136", "2781049143" ], "author": [ "2057475995" ], "reference": [ "2036046008", "2036940419", "2042465081", "2146114023", "2158988432", "2212761896" ], "abstract": "graduate students seldom know how to navigate the publishing process yet a growing expectation is that new hires are capable of immediately producing publishable research as well as teaching considering the current state of the job market graduate students should plan early to take advantage of the opportunities to publish early in their graduate career this article provides suggestions for beginning the publishing process", "title_raw": "Publishing as a Graduate Student: A Quick and (Hopefully) Painless Guide to Establishing Yourself as a Scholar", "abstract_raw": "Graduate students seldom know how to navigate the publishing process, yet a growing expectation is that new hires are capable of immediately producing publishable research as well as teaching. Considering the current state of the job market, graduate students should plan early to take advantage of the opportunities to publish early in their graduate career. This article provides suggestions for beginning the publishing process." }, { "paper": "2797746454", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2013", "title": "an immigration gideon for lawful permanent residents", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "2125417267" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "An Immigration Gideon for Lawful Permanent Residents", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2047952087", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2013", "title": "ethnicity nationalism and conflict in the south caucasus nagorno karabakh and the legacy of soviet nationalities policy", "label": [ "137403100", "521449643" ], "author": [ "2723008780" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in the South Caucasus. Nagorno-Karabakh and the Legacy of Soviet Nationalities Policy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2019979681", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2013", "title": "when words are not enough assessing the relationship between international commitments and the nuclear choices of brazil india and south africa", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2172526086" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "abstract this paper seeks to assess whether there is a contradiction between the commitment to non proliferation declared by brazil india and south africa and their domestic nuclear choices despite differences in their international nuclear status these countries share similar commitments to non proliferation at least discursively however once the domestic level more specifically the historical characteristics of each of these countries nuclear paths is taken into account a contradiction between their international discourse and their national interests seems to arise by analysing their nuclear history this paper asks the following questions how much have these countries actually been doing in terms of non proliferation what are the aims of these countries domestic nuclear politics is there any contradiction between their international nuclear discourse and their domestic practices", "title_raw": "When Words are not Enough: assessing the relationship between international commitments and the nuclear choices of Brazil, India and South Africa", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This paper seeks to assess whether there is a contradiction between the commitment to non-proliferation declared by Brazil;India and South Africa and their domestic nuclear choices. Despite differences in their international nuclear status;these countries share similar commitments to non-proliferation;at least discursively. However;once the domestic level\u2014more specifically;the historical characteristics of each of these countries\u2019 nuclear paths\u2014is taken into account;a contradiction between their international discourse and their national interests seems to arise. By analysing their nuclear history;this paper asks the following questions: how much have these countries actually been doing in terms of non-proliferation? What are the aims of these countries\u2019 domestic nuclear politics? Is there any contradiction between their international nuclear discourse and their domestic practices?" }, { "paper": "2157348425", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2013", "title": "mali politics of a crisis", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2627131811" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Mali: Politics of a crisis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2123859367", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2013", "title": "mitigating mormonism overcoming religious identity challenges with targeted appeals", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "83208384", "2103700265", "171764926" ], "reference": [ "162704188", "652187978", "1502936856", "1604022791", "1606660545", "1799750435", "1973630555", "1980349936", "1980739985", "1984175981", "2004006999", "2007190116", "2027261076", "2027431738", "2028394852", "2032533433", "2049873724", "2060940921", "2061652336", "2076046685", "2083760161", "2099274242", "2099453691", "2117129617", "2127771499", "2132041136", "2143335126", "2144620585", "2149948916", "2150700807", "2158584914", "2170134874", "2172299554", "2601845593" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Mitigating Mormonism: Overcoming Religious Identity Challenges with Targeted Appeals", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2033994292", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2013", "title": "mushtaque chowdhury seeking health transition in bangladesh", "label": [ "2779473830", "2778584109" ], "author": [ "2434257524" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Mushtaque Chowdhury: seeking health transition in Bangladesh.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2066428733", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2013", "title": "patrick d lukens a quiet victory for latino rights fdr and the controversy over whiteness", "label": [ "2779220109" ], "author": [ "2688379052" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Patrick D. Lukens. A Quiet Victory for Latino Rights: FDR and the Controversy over \u201cWhiteness.\u201d", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1943473775", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2013", "title": "brazil the united states and the south american subsystem regional politics and the absent empire by carlos gustavo poggio teixeira new york lexington books 2012 172 pp 60 00", "label": [ "94625758", "2778495208" ], "author": [ "2120065861" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Brazil, the United States and the South American Subsystem: Regional Politics and the Absent Empire by Carlos Gustavo Poggio Teixeira. New York, Lexington Books, 2012. 172 pp. $60.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1937997719", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2013", "title": "school vouchers and student attainment evidence from a state mandated study of milwaukee s parental choice program", "label": [ "2776398702", "2779297142", "2779322186", "2778061430", "2778521920" ], "author": [ "1972048407", "2101018549", "3182750362", "2621746646", "2201808485" ], "reference": [ "102839244", "292225637", "1496525206", "1520452946", "1559098934", "1930224448", "1970011788", "1973424848", "2021586759", "2026880398", "2051063248", "2067852100", "2076994994", "2084678428", "2090020693", "2093885803", "2101887973", "2104957061", "2107012356", "2118342086", "2120161853", "2136934390", "2144104405", "2150291618", "2151862405", "2151888363", "2157325805", "2170976557", "2337489297", "2730023532", "2925237371", "2949065955", "3123095377", "3124588259", "3125373277", "3125712269", "3159103470" ], "abstract": "in this article we examine educational attainment levels for students in milwaukee s citywide voucher program and a comparable group of public school students using unique data collected as part of a state mandated evaluation of the program we consider high school graduation and enrollment in postsecondary institutions for students initially exposed to voucher schools and those in public schools at the same time we show that exposure to voucher schools was related to graduation and in particular to enrollment and persistence in a 4 year college these differences are apparent despite controls for student neighborhoods demographics early career test scores and for a subsample of survey respondents controls for parental education income religious behavior and marital status we conclude by stressing the implications for future scholarship and policy including the importance of attainment outcomes in educational research", "title_raw": "School Vouchers and Student Attainment: Evidence from a State-Mandated Study of Milwaukee's Parental Choice Program", "abstract_raw": "In this article we examine educational attainment levels for students in Milwaukee's citywide voucher program and a comparable group of public school students. Using unique data collected as part of a state-mandated evaluation of the program, we consider high school graduation and enrollment in postsecondary institutions for students initially exposed to voucher schools and those in public schools at the same time. We show that exposure to voucher schools was related to graduation and, in particular, to enrollment and persistence in a 4-year college. These differences are apparent despite controls for student neighborhoods, demographics, early-career test scores and\u2014for a subsample of survey respondents\u2014controls for parental education, income, religious behavior, and marital status. We conclude by stressing the implications for future scholarship and policy, including the importance of attainment outcomes in educational research." }, { "paper": "2558255252", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "israel s missing naval strategy", "label": [ "49427245", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2601149854", "2704946883" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Israel's Missing Naval Strategy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2076310603", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2013", "title": "mexico s 2012 elections the return of the pri", "label": [ "94625758", "17058734", "2776051254", "2776007630", "555826173" ], "author": [ "61183838" ], "reference": [ "580748208", "3092424789" ], "abstract": "with mexico seeming poised for a change election in 2012 why did it vote in a regime that ruled the country for much of the 20th century is the new pri different from the old pri what are the implications of the pri s return for mexico s democracy this article argues that several institutions on which the old regime was based remained intact after the transition which made the return of the pri almost inevitable it suggests that the pri s return is a mixed blessing for mexican democracy on the one hand the peaceful turnover of power among all parties is a welcome sign that democracy is maturing political parties should have the opportunity to learn from their mistakes a sign that electoral accountability may be working on the other hand however the return of the pri is likely to reinvigorate several features of the old regime that remained unscathed by the country s democratic transition potentially representing a setback for mexico s young democracy", "title_raw": "Mexico's 2012 Elections: The Return of the PRI", "abstract_raw": "With Mexico seeming poised for a change election in 2012, why did it vote in a regime that ruled the country for much of the 20th century? Is the new PRI different from the old PRI? What are the implications of the PRI\u2019s return for Mexico\u2019s democracy? This article argues that several institutions on which the old regime was based remained intact after the transition, which made the return of the PRI almost inevitable. It suggests that the PRI's return is a mixed blessing for Mexican democracy. On the one hand, the peaceful turnover of power among all parties is a welcome sign that democracy is maturing. Political parties should have the opportunity to learn from their mistakes\u2014a sign that electoral accountability may be working. On the other hand, however, the return of the PRI is likely to reinvigorate several features of the old regime that remained unscathed by the country\u2019s democratic transition, potentially representing a setback for Mexico's young democracy." }, { "paper": "2085029463", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2013", "title": "church state and democracy in expanding europe", "label": [ "199539241", "171368058", "555826173", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "3207341861" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Church, State, and Democracy in Expanding Europe", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2084432778", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2013", "title": "choosing peace over democracy", "label": [ "3116431", "199539241", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2144633067", "1719928546", "1952719890", "2116984635" ], "reference": [ "1964721459", "1973869348", "2036881239", "2037881305", "2046336889", "2067298185", "2091703881", "2100516952", "2107604023", "2108041153" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Choosing Peace over Democracy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2158188529", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2013", "title": "where art thou adam smith", "label": [ "124717273", "514928085", "542948173", "116166054", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2483234601" ], "reference": [ "1513104673", "1535474356", "1553286440", "1563235193", "1596214512", "1985136525", "2023207536", "2045014973", "2056758376", "2068593157", "2073492147", "2175723801", "2263997305", "2324638323" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Where Art Thou, Adam Smith?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2783047657", "venue": "49968029", "year": "2013", "title": "on participation of the legal representative in evidence gathering", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2784138107" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "On participation of the legal representative in evidence-gathering", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2313643094", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2013", "title": "gaining access or going public interest group strategies in five european countries", "label": [ "39549134", "109986646", "2776475305", "145197507", "44725695", "134215751", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2011690412", "2794115810" ], "reference": [ "1978407072", "1986576814", "1987502710", "1987750915", "1992832269", "2004781445", "2013650073", "2018727505", "2035477413", "2055840857", "2065496542", "2069678209", "2077319903", "2100259351", "2110593692", "2111847734", "2115098571", "2115434991", "2132179358", "2132448114", "2150459713", "2164795732", "2164996038", "2171160244", "2172199324", "3121406145" ], "abstract": "interest groups differ in the strategies they use to influence public policy some mainly try to gain access i e have direct contact with decision makers whereas others tend to go public by launching campaigns that aim to mobilise the broader public in this article it is argued that group type namely the distinction between business associations professional associations and citizen groups is a major determinant of the choice of strategy the effect of group type however is conditional on the group s endowment with material resources and the issue context the differences across group types are largest for resource rich associations and associations active in distributive policy fields original data from surveys of national associations in five european countries austria germany ireland latvia and spain enable the assessment of this argument the theoretical expectations are supported with the results having relevance for the normative evaluation of political systems and the positive study of interest group influence", "title_raw": "Gaining access or going public? Interest group strategies in five European countries", "abstract_raw": "Interest groups differ in the strategies they use to influence public policy. Some mainly try to gain access (i.e., have direct contact with decision makers), whereas others tend to \u2018go public\u2019 by launching campaigns that aim to mobilise the broader public. In this article it is argued that group type \u2013 namely the distinction between business associations, professional associations and citizen groups \u2013 is a major determinant of the choice of strategy. The effect of group type, however, is conditional on the group's endowment with material resources and the issue context: the differences across group types are largest for resource-rich associations and associations active in distributive policy fields. Original data from surveys of national associations in five European countries (Austria, Germany, Ireland, Latvia and Spain) enable the assessment of this argument. The theoretical expectations are supported, with the results having relevance for the normative evaluation of political systems and the positive study of interest group influence." }, { "paper": "2555345069", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2013", "title": "the evolution of irregular war", "label": [ "199539241", "120302604", "203715995" ], "author": [ "2203928770" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Evolution of Irregular War", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2090677295", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2013", "title": "regimes of social cohesion societies and the crisis of globalization", "label": [ "2119116" ], "author": [ "2568800924" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Regimes of Social Cohesion: Societies and the Crisis of Globalization", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2108483924", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2013", "title": "a tale of two e parties candidate websites in the 2008 us presidential primaries", "label": [ "197487636", "555826173", "2781243023" ], "author": [ "1896545370" ], "reference": [ "577253879", "593654456", "617077093", "623922812", "1513080881", "1596591955", "1930813282", "1981056892", "2009666521", "2052020620", "2054606537", "2059334100", "2068221878", "2073518667", "2077742072", "2086308134", "2103797173", "2105045509", "2119856900", "2146236541", "2149800681", "2239342399", "2479011318", "2548557292", "2563957220", "3121656270" ], "abstract": "the internet has become a relevant campaign tool in the united states and the 2008 presidential elections have marked a turning point in the recognition of its potential this study analyzed candidate websites during the 2008 presidential primaries through a quantitative coding frame supplemented by latent trait analysis and meta analysis of coding frames employed by seven earlier studies the online competitive scenario was found to be less affected by offline dynamics than normalization theory suggests as the money raised by candidates was not significantly correlated with the amount of features on their websites however the websites of candidates who already were in public office other than the presidency had more features than those of out of office aspirants by contrast the number of years candidates had spent in public office was negatively correlated with the number of features on their websites moreover democratic candidates websites were found to offer substantially more features than rep", "title_raw": "A tale of two e-parties Candidate websites in the 2008 US presidential primaries", "abstract_raw": "The Internet has become a relevant campaign tool in the United States and the 2008 presidential elections have marked a turning point in the recognition of its potential. This study analyzed candidate websites during the 2008 presidential primaries through a quantitative coding frame supplemented by latent trait analysis and meta-analysis of coding frames employed by seven earlier studies. The online competitive scenario was found to be less affected by offline dynamics than normalization theory suggests, as the money raised by candidates was not significantly correlated with the amount of features on their websites. However, the websites of candidates who already were in public office other than the Presidency had more features than those of out-of-office aspirants; by contrast, the number of years candidates had spent in public office was negatively correlated with the number of features on their websites. Moreover, Democratic candidates' websites were found to offer substantially more features than Rep..." }, { "paper": "1976517201", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2013", "title": "researching the researchers art in global health", "label": [ "39549134", "46578552" ], "author": [ "2810836048" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Researching the researchers: art in global health", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2081995696", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2014", "title": "military innovation s dialectic gun trucks and rapid acquisition", "label": [ "451841", "189326492", "51575053", "199539241", "541409800" ], "author": [ "2240449105" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in times of war the routes to innovation are often brutally radical instead of starry eyed and fantastical still compared with all the hype and hoopla about revolutionary technologies little scholarly ink has been spilled over these low end military innovations field mods as they are often called are not the sexy computerized drones and robotic sensations we associate with military innovation this article recovers the process by which one such military innovation was created and argues that the seemingly bottom up process of gun truck development was in fact a dialectical outcome that emerged from two different suborganization types a learning organization and a bureaucratic stasis model the findings from the case carry implications for innovation theory our understanding of the nature of military organizations in war and the challenge of technological change in wartime", "title_raw": "Military Innovation's Dialectic: Gun Trucks and Rapid Acquisition", "abstract_raw": "In times of war, the routes to innovation are often brutally radical instead of starry-eyed and fantastical. Still, compared with all the hype and hoopla about revolutionary technologies, little scholarly ink has been spilled over these \u201clow-end\u201d military innovations. \u201cField mods,\u201d as they are often called, are not the sexy computerized drones and robotic sensations we associate with military innovation. This article recovers the process by which one such military innovation was created and argues that the seemingly bottom-up process of Gun Truck development was in fact a dialectical outcome that emerged from two different suborganization types: a learning organization and a bureaucratic stasis model. The findings from the case carry implications for innovation theory, our understanding of the nature of military organizations in war, and the challenge of technological change in wartime." }, { "paper": "2066384732", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2014", "title": "extended impacts of climate change on health and wellbeing", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2135729485", "2073860317", "2579869449", "2075714409", "2105686884" ], "reference": [ "581076499", "1500079129", "1584853961", "1585283437", "1600208687", "1761653152", "1791097426", "1968856622", "1970325984", "1978096024", "1984405714", "1986061272", "1989589528", "1999524933", "2009342627", "2017086640", "2021354624", "2031595809", "2047296802", "2049560174", "2057835416", "2062611904", "2064454189", "2066673338", "2078852666", "2086673340", "2091275257", "2092262061", "2097904406", "2109477969", "2112444287", "2112606472", "2120746786", "2124744265", "2132529360", "2136587147", "2139278330", "2139736942", "2143126960", "2144037633", "2152354563", "2152700065", "2153640166", "2154033237", "2154180993", "2156255705", "2164906782", "2169286869", "2566546937", "2726760856", "2772438340", "2782240041", "2924055038" ], "abstract": "anthropogenic climate change is progressively transforming the environment despite political and technological attempts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to tackle global warming here we propose that greater insight and understanding of the health related impacts of climate change can be gained by integrating the positivist approaches used in public health and epidemiology with holistic social science perspectives on health in which the concept of wellbeing is more explicitly recognised such an approach enables us to acknowledge and explore a wide range of more subtle yet important health related outcomes of climate change at the same time incorporating notions of wellbeing enables recognition of both the health co benefits and dis benefits of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies across different population groups and geographical contexts the paper recommends that future adaptation and mitigation policies seek to ensure that benefits are available for all since current evidence suggests that they are spatially and socially differentiated and their accessibility is dependent on a range of contextually specific socio cultural factors", "title_raw": "Extended impacts of climate change on health and wellbeing", "abstract_raw": "Anthropogenic climate change is progressively transforming the environment despite political and technological attempts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to tackle global warming. Here we propose that greater insight and understanding of the health-related impacts of climate change can be gained by integrating the positivist approaches used in public health and epidemiology, with holistic social science perspectives on health in which the concept of \u2018wellbeing\u2019 is more explicitly recognised. Such an approach enables us to acknowledge and explore a wide range of more subtle, yet important health-related outcomes of climate change. At the same time, incorporating notions of wellbeing enables recognition of both the health co-benefits and dis-benefits of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies across different population groups and geographical contexts. The paper recommends that future adaptation and mitigation policies seek to ensure that benefits are available for all since current evidence suggests that they are spatially and socially differentiated, and their accessibility is dependent on a range of contextually specific socio-cultural factors." }, { "paper": "2320600401", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2014", "title": "from protest to parties party building and democratization in africa", "label": [ "17058734" ], "author": [ "2146737702" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "From Protest to Parties: Party-building and democratization in Africa", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2326394862", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "censorship of social media in china", "label": [ "191935318", "2777932401", "52930066", "518677369" ], "author": [ "2181837415" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "political science figuring out how many and which social media comments are censored by governments is difficult because those comments by definition cannot be read king et al have posted comments to social media sites in china and then waited to see which of these never appeared which appeared and were then removed and which appeared and survived about 40 of their submissions were reviewed by an army of censors and more than half of these never appeared by varying the content of posts across topics they conclude that any mention of collective action is selectively suppressed science this issue 10 1126 science 1251722 1 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 1251722", "title_raw": "Censorship of social media in China", "abstract_raw": "Political Science\nFiguring out how many and which social media comments are censored by governments is difficult because those comments, by definition, cannot be read. King et al. have posted comments to social media sites in China and then waited to see which of these never appeared, which appeared and were then removed, and which appeared and survived. About 40% of their submissions were reviewed by an army of censors, and more than half of these never appeared. By varying the content of posts across topics, they conclude that any mention of collective action is selectively suppressed.\n\nScience , this issue [10.1126/science.1251722][1]\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1251722" }, { "paper": "2545067285", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2014", "title": "putin s brain", "label": [ "158071213" ], "author": [ "2542703446", "2540994511" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Putin's Brain", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2196818778", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2014", "title": "an army to defeat assad", "label": [ "2776398702", "65117487", "2779808665", "199539241", "3651065", "173145845", "81631423" ], "author": [ "2124442188" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the article discusses the civil war in syria as of 2014 and the author s belief that a u s intervention is necessary to halt destabilization of the entire region of the middle east topics include the militant sunni group isis the islamic state of iraq and al sham which was launched from syria the effect of refugees from syria on its neighbors jordan lebanon and turkey and the author s policy recommendation that the u s build an army in the region to defeat both militant islamists and the faction of syrian president bashar al assad", "title_raw": "An army to defeat Assad", "abstract_raw": "The article discusses the civil war in Syria as of 2014 and the author's belief that a U.S. intervention is necessary to halt destabilization of the entire region of the Middle East. Topics include the militant Sunni group ISIS, the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham, which was launched from Syria; the effect of refugees from Syria on its neighbors Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey; and the author's policy recommendation that the U.S. build an army in the region to defeat both militant Islamists and the faction of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad." }, { "paper": "2322351335", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2014", "title": "the dark side of power sharing middle managers and civil war recurrence", "label": [ "81631423", "160682292" ], "author": [ "2499565877" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Dark Side of Power-Sharing: Middle Managers and Civil War Recurrence", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2013578837", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2014", "title": "dialogic engagement clarifying foundational concepts", "label": [ "9701087", "205112559", "68062652", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2124352877", "2102176278" ], "reference": [ "104768387", "607838975", "637233004", "1495928467", "1501421197", "1506025291", "1507705355", "1531303411", "1542860513", "1966479879", "1987412219", "1990807804", "1992768503", "1995158352", "1995875735", "1996145215", "2000305019", "2008781586", "2010015314", "2010800584", "2014083076", "2014488324", "2017308561", "2021740375", "2029157017", "2029678327", "2033841206", "2034435403", "2039898018", "2041889512", "2048413581", "2053490807", "2053849876", "2054212611", "2057683109", "2064258866", "2070848873", "2076362334", "2076697943", "2088712037", "2093547266", "2119861206", "2169236857", "2175723801", "2487754837", "2982931589", "2993383518", "3124692420" ], "abstract": "the principle of engagement underlies much of the relational and organization public communication research unfortunately the principle of engagement suffers from a lack of clarity in the public relations literature use of the term engagement varies widely this article clarifies the principle of engagement by positioning it within dialogue theory we posit a conceptualization of engagement as engagement is part of dialogue and through engagement organizations and publics can make decisions that create social capital engagement is both an orientation that influences interactions and the approach that guides the process of interactions among groups", "title_raw": "Dialogic Engagement: Clarifying Foundational Concepts", "abstract_raw": "The principle of engagement underlies much of the relational and organization\u2013public communication research. Unfortunately, the principle of engagement suffers from a lack of clarity in the public relations literature. Use of the term engagement varies widely. This article clarifies the principle of engagement by positioning it within dialogue theory. We posit a conceptualization of engagement as: Engagement is part of dialogue and through engagement, organizations and publics can make decisions that create social capital. Engagement is both an orientation that influences interactions and the approach that guides the process of interactions among groups." }, { "paper": "2083107708", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2014", "title": "mental health in the foreclosure crisis", "label": [ "78491826", "2776830614" ], "author": [ "2667908026" ], "reference": [ "128897064", "131114440", "191977393", "207942467", "579006695", "1502136819", "1512450825", "1809787575", "1879688941", "1964856687", "1973310953", "1978860943", "1980077542", "1980887867", "1984430264", "1985230043", "1989981249", "2003764353", "2030937564", "2039467332", "2041340164", "2045177273", "2060486557", "2065895166", "2072431875", "2094418610", "2095851940", "2099996816", "2103569408", "2110446249", "2114291357", "2123505984", "2136120962", "2136417031", "2136623019", "2146970855", "2168558887", "2171077047", "2320518683", "3122255744", "3122940588" ], "abstract": "current evidence suggests that the rise in home foreclosures that began in 2007 created feelings of stress vulnerability and sapped communities of social and economic resources minority and low ses communities were more likely to be exposed to predatory lending and hold subprime mortgages and were the hardest hit by the foreclosure crisis little research has examined whether and how the foreclosure crisis has undermined population mental health i use data from 2245 counties in 50 u s states to examine whether living in high foreclosure areas is associated with residents mental health and whether the foreclosure crisis has the potential to exacerbate existing disparities in mental health during the recessionary period i use county level data from realtytrac and other data sources and individual level data from the behavioral risk factor surveillance survey from 2006 to 2011 i find that net of time invariant unobserved between county differences national time trends and observed confounders a rise in a county s foreclosure rate is associated with a decline in residents mental health this association is especially pronounced in counties with a high concentration of low ses and minority residents which supports the perspective that the foreclosure crisis has the potential to exacerbate existing social disparities in mental health", "title_raw": "Mental health in the foreclosure crisis.", "abstract_raw": "Current evidence suggests that the rise in home foreclosures that began in 2007 created feelings of stress, vulnerability, and sapped communities of social and economic resources. Minority and low SES communities were more likely to be exposed to predatory lending and hold subprime mortgages, and were the hardest hit by the foreclosure crisis. Little research has examined whether and how the foreclosure crisis has undermined population mental health. I use data from 2245 counties in 50 U.S. states to examine whether living in high foreclosure areas is associated with residents' mental health and whether the foreclosure crisis has the potential to exacerbate existing disparities in mental health during the recessionary period. I use county-level data from RealtyTrac and other data sources, and individual-level data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey from 2006 to 2011. I find that - net of time invariant unobserved between-county differences, national time trends, and observed confounders - a rise in a county's foreclosure rate is associated with a decline in residents' mental health. This association is especially pronounced in counties with a high concentration of low SES and minority residents, which supports the perspective that the foreclosure crisis has the potential to exacerbate existing social disparities in mental health." }, { "paper": "2013517468", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2014", "title": "correspondence a cyber disagreement", "label": [ "171769113", "509929229", "2778061430", "94625758", "79165680" ], "author": [ "2603367774", "1982377843" ], "reference": [ "176688007", "432838265", "1496257659", "1565569213", "1972914161", "1973976604", "1988211749", "1993552828", "2046913271", "2048627029", "2056725232", "2082409245", "2082976095", "2094266241", "2110485449", "2118956317" ], "abstract": "policymakers and pundits have been sounding alarms about internet insecurity for years so the arst appearance of anything in international security is on this topic is a welcomed development in the fall 2013 issue lucas kello takes the security studies community to task for ignoring cyber perils while erik gartzke argues that cyberwar is of limited political utility 1 kello writes that t he clausewitzian philosophical framework misses the essence of the cyber danger and conceals its true signiacance the virtual weapon is expanding the range of possible harms between the concepts of war and peace with important consequences for national and international security p 22 gartzke counters war is fundamentally a political process as carl von clausewitz famously explained the internet is generally an inferior substitute for terrestrial force in performing the functions of coercion or conquest p 42 if kello is right then the long silence in is on cybersecurity suggests that scholars have neglected a major transformation in security affairs if gartzke is right then scholars can be forgiven their bemusement with inoated cyber rhetoric in my investigations of american and chinese activities i have found cyber interventions to be more complicated and less effective than generally believed 2 arguments from technology are common in cybersecurity discourse and have excited policymakers so they should be taken seriously yet kello s characterization of the skeptical viewpoint as more visceral than analytical p 9 misrepresents the analytical literature that does exist kello insists that scholarly inattention toward the cyber issue must change ibid but he disparages the aeld while ignoring relevant scholarship my commentary addresses the technological determinism of kello s argument and his correspondence a cyber disagreement", "title_raw": "Correspondence: A Cyber Disagreement", "abstract_raw": "Policymakers and pundits have been sounding alarms about internet insecurity for years, so the arst appearance of anything in International Security (IS) on this topic is a welcomed development. In the fall 2013 issue, Lucas Kello takes the security studies community to task for ignoring cyber perils, while Erik Gartzke argues that cyberwar is of limited political utility.1 Kello writes that \u201c[t]he Clausewitzian philosophical framework misses the essence of the cyber danger and conceals its true signiacance: the virtual weapon is expanding the range of possible harms between the concepts of war and peace, with important consequences for national and international security\u201d (p. 22). Gartzke counters, \u201cWar is fundamentally a political process, as Carl von Clausewitz famously explained. . . . The internet is generally an inferior substitute for terrestrial force in performing the functions of coercion or conquest\u201d (p. 42). If Kello is right, then the long silence in IS on cybersecurity suggests that scholars have neglected a major transformation in security affairs. If Gartzke is right, then scholars can be forgiven their bemusement with inoated cyber rhetoric. In my investigations of American and Chinese activities, I have found cyber interventions to be more complicated and less effective than generally believed.2 Arguments from technology are common in cybersecurity discourse and have excited policymakers, so they should be taken seriously. Yet Kello\u2019s characterization of the skeptical viewpoint as \u201cmore visceral than analytical\u201d (p. 9) misrepresents the analytical literature that does exist. Kello insists that \u201cscholarly inattention toward the cyber issue . . . must change\u201d (ibid.), but he disparages the aeld while ignoring relevant scholarship. My commentary addresses the technological determinism of Kello\u2019s argument and his Correspondence: A Cyber Disagreement" }, { "paper": "2100508923", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "collective killings in rural china during the cultural revolution by su yang new york cambridge university press 2011 320p 98 00 cloth 29 00 paper", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2698048418" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Collective Killings in Rural China during the Cultural Revolution. By Su Yang. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 320p. $98.00 cloth, $29.00 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2010295782", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2014", "title": "ethical and unethical leadership a cross cultural and cross sectoral analysis", "label": [ "7225491", "201342494", "119232533", "107309635", "121426985", "68489960", "157298493", "67126808", "39549134" ], "author": [ "1983698869", "2211256485" ], "reference": [ "24719906", "50372101", "607514268", "625977469", "634850561", "637352105", "1260019659", "1483394787", "1495403436", "1520904419", "1556808170", "1571153945", "1600831706", "1605459103", "1658908529", "1870446496", "1964026200", "1967256794", "1970983055", "1978311462", "1984560652", "1999089946", "2011508098", "2011703499", "2013337369", "2014322539", "2017101025", "2018036703", "2026974173", "2028179265", "2033043005", "2034534447", "2039393947", "2039910651", "2041946231", "2047289659", "2058738741", "2067708941", "2072839215", "2081228936", "2103016213", "2104634957", "2107975803", "2108738598", "2109465111", "2109981236", "2110357361", "2122955616", "2125993123", "2132095008", "2133499714", "2139157361", "2139854896", "2140562025", "2140621043", "2144703530", "2146979034", "2155720899", "2155955242", "2159452997", "2159841438", "2162478246", "2166906079", "2299067047", "2496336328", "2497591019", "2502255412", "2902602932", "2903730496", "2941406785", "2994846642", "3164466332", "3190993507", "3205770969" ], "abstract": "current literature on ethical leadership and unethical leadership reflects a western based private sector perspective pointing toward a compliance oriented understanding of ethical and unethical leadership as today s executives increasingly have to ethically lead across different cultures and sectors it becomes vitally important to develop a more holistic picture how ethical and unethical leadership is perceived in the western and eastern cultural cluster and the private and the public social sector addressing this issue the present study aims to identify cross cultural and cross sectoral commonalities and differences in international executives perceptions of ethical and unethical leadership findings from in depth interviews n 36 with executives from western and eastern cultures working in the private or the public social sector reveal collectively held perceptions of ethical leadership including leader honesty integrity concern for responsibility sustainability and people orientation and of unethical leadership referring to leader dishonesty corruption egocentrism and manipulation results indicate limited support for a compliance oriented perspective on ethical and unethical leadership but yield a much greater trend toward a value oriented perspective concrete practice examples illustrate these different perspectives cultural and sectoral particularities of executive perceptions of ethical and unethical leadership are discussed", "title_raw": "Ethical and Unethical Leadership: A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Sectoral Analysis", "abstract_raw": "Current literature on ethical leadership and unethical leadership reflects a Western-based private sector perspective, pointing toward a compliance-oriented understanding of ethical and unethical leadership. As today\u2019s executives increasingly have to ethically lead across different cultures and sectors, it becomes vitally important to develop a more holistic picture how ethical and unethical leadership is perceived in the Western and Eastern cultural cluster and the private and the public/social sector. Addressing this issue, the present study aims to identify cross-cultural and cross-sectoral commonalities and differences in international executives\u2019 perceptions of ethical and unethical leadership. Findings from in-depth interviews (N = 36) with executives from Western and Eastern cultures working in the private or the public/social sector reveal collectively held perceptions of ethical leadership (including leader honesty, integrity, concern for responsibility/sustainability, and people orientation) and of unethical leadership (referring to leader dishonesty, corruption, egocentrism, and manipulation). Results indicate limited support for a compliance-oriented perspective on ethical and unethical leadership but yield a much greater trend toward a value-oriented perspective. Concrete practice examples illustrate these different perspectives. Cultural and sectoral particularities of executive perceptions of ethical and unethical leadership are discussed." }, { "paper": "2147414876", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2014", "title": "plutocracy in america", "label": [ "11373003" ], "author": [ "258468166" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Plutocracy in America", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2025178392", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2014", "title": "gretchen soderlund sex trafficking scandal and the transformation of journalism 1885 1917", "label": [ "119513131" ], "author": [ "2751318536" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Gretchen Soderlund. Sex Trafficking, Scandal, and the Transformation of Journalism, 1885\u20131917.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2027689682", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "leadership void for designer baby ethics", "label": [ "188084074", "175000728", "199539241", "2781046721", "2777351106", "109986646", "2776515129", "2776949292", "2780342482" ], "author": [ "2697616650" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in his perspective stirring the simmering designer baby pot 14 march p 1208 1 t h murray discusses the ethical quandaries posed by looming genetic selection mechanisms designed to improve the health and perhaps even the quality of progeny an underlying dilemma in his view is the lack of general agreement on an ethical framework to guide professional associations and public policy decision makers in addressing the propriety of designer protocols a critical step he argues is to agree on an appropriate forum for fleshing out various ethical claims and then selecting one among many sets of assumptions on which to base specific recommendations murray suggests the president s commission on bioethics as a candidate for this forum and he urges the commission to intercede however the president s commission is an advisory council lacking the ability to coerce anyone to do anything but rather advising the president of the united states on bioethical policy questions if the committee issues a report the president does not like it will gather dust even if president obama did like the recommendations in a report in the case of designer babies he would not have the constitutional power to impose his will in this area of human affairs many presidents have relied on such reports as tactics for galvanizing congressional action but congress even when not in partisan gridlock has been unable to enter the reproductive liberty environment with any degree of success another candidate for this role could be the food and drug administration fda which has claimed 1 2 p 105 that human cloning falls within its purview but is a reproductive strategy a food or a drug more fundamentally the key questions surrounding human cloning are matters of ethics and social accountability and yet the fda has no expertise in evaluating ethical legal and social issues elsi in my view even putative fda jurisdiction over mitochondrial manipulation methodologies has focused on how to do it without any pretense of considering elsi strategies furthermore the fda does not conduct open meetings at which the citizenry can petition for a redress of concerns which makes it poorly suited to address first order designer baby issues figure 3 photo henrik jonsson graphic design istockphoto another less likely candidate is the u s patent office with much bravado the patent office announced that a cloned human being could not be patented 1 2 p 94 even though other synthetically produced life forms could be in explanation the patent office argued that no person cloned or otherwise satisfies the utility standard i e a person cannot be considered a functional artifact serving some ulterior purpose moreover to give somebody a patent a 20 year monopoly on a flesh and blood human makes that person a sort of slave and slavery is outlawed by the thirteenth amendment it is not clear whether processes for converting unfertilized human eggs into preembryos without using male gametes are patentable material nor is it clear what elsi authority or capacity the patent office possesses to promulgate policy in this area given that the president s commission the fda and the patent office all leave much to be desired in terms of steering public policy on this issue the leadership void described by murray remains it is an anxious business when the political system fails to engage significant policy agendas perhaps we have gone about it in the wrong way we have assumed that designer babies are a matter for national action instead state legislatures could serve as laboratory systems thrashing through each and every designer baby elsi question and passing appropriate legislation the federal system could then serve as a marketplace for state opinion where some sort of consensus will inevitably emerge 1 4 1 i h carmen politics in the laboratory univ of wisconsin press madison wi 2004 1 lookup doi 10 1126 science 1248080 2 ref 1 3 pending yes 4 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text", "title_raw": "Leadership void for \"designer baby\" ethics.", "abstract_raw": "In his perspective \u201cStirring the simmering \u2018designer baby\u2019 pot\u201d (14 March, p. [1208][1]), T. H. Murray discusses the ethical quandaries posed by looming genetic selection mechanisms designed to improve the health\u2014and perhaps even the \u201cquality\u201d\u2014of progeny. An underlying dilemma, in his view, is the lack of general agreement on an ethical framework to guide professional associations and public policy decision-makers in addressing the propriety of \u201cdesigner\u201d protocols. A critical step, he argues, is to agree on an appropriate forum for fleshing out various ethical claims and then selecting one among many sets of assumptions on which to base specific recommendations.\n\nMurray suggests the President's Commission on Bioethics as a candidate for this forum, and he urges the Commission to intercede. However, the President's Commission is an advisory council, lacking the ability to coerce anyone to do anything, but rather advising the President of the United States on bioethical policy questions. If the committee issues a report the President does not like, it will gather dust. Even if President Obama did like the recommendations in a report, in the case of \u201cdesigner babies,\u201d he would not have the constitutional power to impose his will in this area of human affairs. Many presidents have relied on such reports as tactics for galvanizing congressional action. But Congress, even when not in partisan gridlock, has been unable to enter the \u201creproductive liberty\u201d environment with any degree of success.\n\nAnother candidate for this role could be the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which has claimed [([ 1 ][2]), p. 105] that human cloning falls within its purview. But is a reproductive strategy a food or a drug? More fundamentally, the key questions surrounding human cloning are matters of ethics and social accountability, and yet the FDA has no expertise in evaluating ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI). In my view, even putative FDA jurisdiction over mitochondrial manipulation methodologies has focused on how to do it without any pretense of considering ELSI strategies. Furthermore, the FDA does not conduct open meetings at which the citizenry can petition for a redress of concerns, which makes it poorly suited to address first-order \u201cdesigner baby\u201d issues.\n\n![Figure][3] \n\nPHOTO: HENRIK JONSSON GRAPHIC DESIGN/ISTOCKPHOTO\n\nAnother, less likely, candidate is the U.S. Patent Office. With much bravado, the Patent Office announced that a cloned human being could not be patented [([ 1 ][2]), p. 94], even though other synthetically produced life forms could be. In explanation, the Patent Office argued that no person\u2014cloned or otherwise\u2014satisfies the \u201cutility\u201d standard (i.e., a person cannot be considered a functional artifact serving some ulterior purpose). Moreover, to give somebody a patent\u2014a 20-year monopoly\u2014on a flesh-and-blood human makes that person a sort-of slave, and slavery is outlawed by the Thirteenth Amendment. It is not clear whether processes for converting unfertilized human eggs into preembryos without using male gametes are patentable material. Nor is it clear what ELSI authority or capacity the Patent Office possesses to promulgate policy in this area.\n\nGiven that the President's Commission, the FDA, and the Patent Office all leave much to be desired in terms of steering public policy on this issue, the leadership void described by Murray remains. It is an anxious business when the political system fails to engage significant policy agendas. Perhaps we have gone about it in the wrong way. We have assumed that \u201cdesigner babies\u201d are a matter for national action. Instead, state legislatures could serve as laboratory systems, thrashing through each and every \u201cdesigner baby\u201d ELSI question and passing appropriate legislation. The federal system could then serve as a marketplace for state opinion, where some sort of consensus will inevitably emerge.\n\n1. [\u21b5][4]1. I. H Carmen\n , Politics in the Laboratory (Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI, 2004).\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1248080\n [2]: #ref-1\n [3]: pending:yes\n [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1 in text\"" }, { "paper": "2015940461", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2014", "title": "review of joy rohde armed with expertise the militarization of american social research during the cold war", "label": [ "2778227311" ], "author": [ "2277078580" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of Joy Rohde, Armed With Expertise: The Militarization of American Social Research During the Cold War", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2546885250", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2014", "title": "the syrian marshall plan", "label": [ "3651065", "2776560864" ], "author": [ "2547095789", "2336011596" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Syrian Marshall Plan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2055768049", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2014", "title": "does changing the rules really matter assessing procedural justice perceptions under civil service reform", "label": [ "39549134", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2121627032", "2522673708" ], "reference": [ "188995525", "293859212", "299834824", "648673901", "1502283998", "1526225581", "1866017955", "1967458553", "1973315898", "1977724007", "1986813085", "1994042687", "1994599549", "2000911017", "2002363253", "2002509673", "2009260120", "2034583690", "2064128317", "2068405465", "2096320953", "2116702750", "2124758339", "2146272101", "2158426129", "2162477418", "2324563422", "2331470584", "3123714006", "3124664412" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Does Changing the Rules Really Matter? Assessing Procedural Justice Perceptions Under Civil Service Reform", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1972389690", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2014", "title": "the influence of newer member states in the european union the case of poland and the eastern partnership", "label": [ "148834064", "2780545837", "71750763", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2057110829", "2024593966" ], "reference": [ "60895008", "177448217", "206552125", "567772451", "610375308", "626002553", "1520812387", "1805862127", "1965209767", "2002025489", "2007487966", "2008599563", "2060433779", "2066274900", "2117448844", "2125388664", "2483960131", "2492485933", "2499417141", "2586648951", "2776852323", "2885740023" ], "abstract": "this article seeks to examine and assess the role of poland in the early stages of the making of the eastern partnership of the european union first it briefly reviews poland s aims and ambitions with regard to the european union s policy towards its eastern neighbours both before and since it joined the european union in 2004 second it describes and analyses the eastern partnership including its added value for the european neighbourhood policy third it draws on a range of interviews carried out by the authors in brussels and warsaw on poland s role in the initial formation of the eastern partnership as seen by its partners in the other member states and european institutions in addition it seeks to unpack some of the early stage lessons learnt by the polish government about how best to achieve its ambitions in the european union and notes the remaining weaknesses of the polish administration particularly in the area of administrative capacity", "title_raw": "The Influence of Newer Member States in the European Union: The Case of Poland and the Eastern Partnership", "abstract_raw": "This article seeks to examine and assess the role of Poland in the early stages of the making of the Eastern Partnership of the European Union. First, it briefly reviews Poland's aims and ambitions with regard to the European Union's policy towards its eastern neighbours, both before and since it joined the European Union in 2004. Second, it describes and analyses the Eastern Partnership, including its added value for the European Neighbourhood Policy. Third, it draws on a range of interviews carried out by the authors in Brussels and Warsaw on Poland's role in the initial formation of the Eastern Partnership, as seen by its partners in the other member states and European institutions. In addition, it seeks to unpack some of the early stage lessons learnt by the Polish government about how best to achieve its ambitions in the European Union, and notes the remaining weaknesses of the Polish administration, particularly in the area of administrative capacity." }, { "paper": "2565752879", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2014", "title": "not alright with syria s alawites", "label": [ "3651065", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2560994029" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Not Alright With Syria's Alawites", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2322596223", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2014", "title": "the federalization of immigration and integration in canada", "label": [ "156708679", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2135246788" ], "reference": [ "190665389", "247532030", "576302719", "578069808", "581410727", "591084576", "626267595", "627178033", "634081126", "1235385147", "1480133836", "1497582769", "1502798522", "1529223067", "1539233023", "1542140751", "1547157985", "1558177793", "1566103808", "1587611976", "1935793444", "1964264594", "1979595924", "1979929738", "1986820338", "1991974378", "2003350574", "2009923448", "2018049255", "2020801311", "2022763289", "2024827160", "2027499399", "2034288021", "2034672519", "2036502006", "2040443989", "2043867154", "2045098566", "2048418314", "2056375988", "2058827605", "2071445977", "2073152310", "2080793504", "2083054257", "2093323336", "2107139009", "2113571993", "2117656920", "2124905280", "2125751647", "2132958880", "2143749883", "2147585492", "2151238110", "2165297018", "2317280335", "2528840335", "2557617794", "2741774965", "2975918649", "2979002774", "3122226727" ], "abstract": "between 1990 and 2010 a gradual process of institutional change has affected canada s immigration and integration governance regime the central characteristic of this process is the emergence of a new legitimate institutional group of actors canadian provinces this change corresponds to a federalization of canada s immigration and integration governance regime it is a break from the previous pattern of federal dominance and provincial avoidance it is not the result of diminished federal intervention in immigration and cannot be explained by exogenous shocks current explanations of this evolution focus on federal decisions and have trouble explaining provincial mobilization using a mechanistic approach to the analysis of social processes and insights on gradual institutional changes this article demonstrates that provinces have been the central agents bringing about the federalization of canada s immigration and integration governance regime between 1990 and 2010 via a mechanism of province building centred on immigration provinces have triggered and maintained in movement a decentralizing mechanism the interactions of these two mechanisms over time gave rise to the federalization of immigration and integration in canada", "title_raw": "The Federalization of Immigration and Integration in Canada", "abstract_raw": "Between 1990 and 2010, a gradual process of institutional change has affected Canada's immigration and integration governance regime. The central characteristic of this process is the emergence of a new legitimate institutional group of actors: Canadian provinces. This change corresponds to a federalization of Canada's immigration and integration governance regime. It is a break from the previous pattern of federal dominance and provincial avoidance. It is not the result of diminished federal intervention in immigration and cannot be explained by exogenous shocks. Current explanations of this evolution focus on federal decisions and have trouble explaining provincial mobilization. Using a mechanistic approach to the analysis of social processes and insights on gradual institutional changes, this article demonstrates that provinces have been the central agents bringing about the federalization of Canada's immigration and integration governance regime between 1990 and 2010. Via a mechanism of province building centred on immigration, provinces have triggered and maintained in movement a decentralizing mechanism. The interactions of these two mechanisms, over time, gave rise to the federalization of immigration and integration in Canada." }, { "paper": "2008000299", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2014", "title": "immovable positions public acknowledgment and bargaining in military basing negotiations", "label": [ "2776836860", "199539241", "199776023", "2780668109", "94625758", "134698397", "2776050585", "109913982", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2500530629" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "why might public acknowledgment of cooperative security negotiations generate bargaining constraints that provoke stalemate previous scholarship points to aroused public opinion yet in many cases where hard line bargaining stances develop and talks collapse following public acknowledgment it is not domestic political pressures that tie leaders hands this article examines instead an international constraint attendant to publicity opposition by third party states i argue that international power position shapes the balance of vulnerability between the negotiating parties to abandonment and entanglement the act of official acknowledgment can constrain the more vulnerable partner by enabling third party states to credibly scrutinize its intentions by threatening strained relations such scrutiny can create a security dilemma that reduces the weaker partner s bargaining range to a choice between cooperation on its terms and noncooperation i evaluate this argument by studying foreign military basing n", "title_raw": "Immovable Positions: Public Acknowledgment and Bargaining in Military Basing Negotiations", "abstract_raw": "Why might public acknowledgment of cooperative security negotiations generate bargaining constraints that provoke stalemate? Previous scholarship points to aroused public opinion. Yet in many cases where hard-line bargaining stances develop and talks collapse following public acknowledgment, it is not domestic political pressures that tie leaders\u2019 hands. This article examines instead an international constraint attendant to publicity: opposition by third-party states. I argue that international power position shapes the balance of vulnerability between the negotiating parties to abandonment and entanglement. The act of official acknowledgment can constrain the more vulnerable partner by enabling third-party states to credibly scrutinize its intentions. By threatening strained relations, such scrutiny can create a security dilemma that reduces the weaker partner's bargaining range to a choice between cooperation on its terms and noncooperation. I evaluate this argument by studying foreign military basing n..." }, { "paper": "2002662299", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "a world of becoming by connolly william e durham nc duke university press 2011 224p 79 95 cloth 22 95 paper the fragility of things self organizing processes neoliberal fantasies and democratic activism by connolly william e durham nc duke university press 2013 256p 84 95 cloth 23 95 paper", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2572833833" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A World of Becoming. By Connolly William E.. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011. 224p. $79.95 cloth, $22.95 paper.The Fragility of Things: Self-Organizing Processes, Neoliberal Fantasies, and Democratic Activism. By Connolly William E.. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013. 256p. $84.95 cloth, $23.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2012413903", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2014", "title": "dynamics of political resistance in tibet religious repression and controversies of demographic change", "label": [ "2776398702", "191935318", "2780208285", "94625758", "137403100" ], "author": [ "2099706415", "2263057095" ], "reference": [ "197629128", "357282835", "405502586", "576880448", "578497206", "626370197", "1527704008", "1530769031", "1537646239", "1559535032", "1570462231", "1711475936", "1923002389", "1968926912", "1975264861", "1984280005", "2013750961", "2015503106", "2017848844", "2018793471", "2028003898", "2039271387", "2043869111", "2053249336", "2061646601", "2067688523", "2072126148", "2098644581", "2115842553", "2123404785", "2128021671", "2157391464", "2162707682", "2164544086", "2166148373", "2185331489", "2283223025", "2321922719", "2324440273", "2488663465", "2495502770", "2569592832", "2618446364", "3148310137" ], "abstract": "in a novel approach to studying political mobilization among ethnic tibetans in china this article addresses two key questions first considering the chinese state s repressive policies towards tibetan buddhism what role does religion play in fomenting tibetan political resistance second what implications can be drawn from the changing ethnic demography in tibet about the conflict behaviour of tibetans using various gis referenced data this article specifically examines the 2008 tibetan protest movements in china the main results of our analysis indicate that the spread and frequency of protests in ethnic tibetan areas are significantly associated with the number of officially registered tibetan buddhist sites as well as the historical dominance of particular types of tibetan religious sects furthermore our analysis shows that the effect of han chinese settlement on tibetan political activism is more controversial than previously thought", "title_raw": "Dynamics of Political Resistance in Tibet: Religious Repression and Controversies of Demographic Change", "abstract_raw": "In a novel approach to studying political mobilization among ethnic Tibetans in China, this article addresses two key questions. First, considering the Chinese state's repressive policies towards Tibetan Buddhism, what role does religion play in fomenting Tibetan political resistance? Second, what implications can be drawn from the changing ethnic demography in Tibet about the conflict behaviour of Tibetans? Using various GIS-referenced data, this article specifically examines the 2008 Tibetan protest movements in China. The main results of our analysis indicate that the spread and frequency of protests in ethnic Tibetan areas are significantly associated with the number of officially registered Tibetan Buddhist sites, as well as the historical dominance of particular types of Tibetan religious sects. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the effect of Han Chinese settlement on Tibetan political activism is more controversial than previously thought." }, { "paper": "1980595297", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2014", "title": "applying the definition of torture to the acts of non state actors the case of trafficking in human beings", "label": [ "86615163", "2776398702", "2781016034", "199539241", "544040105" ], "author": [ "2659281456" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the question of whether the prohibition of torture and other ill treatment extends to the acts of non state actors continues to reflect a contentious issue in international human rights law through one of the most recent and under analyzed manifestations of the debate this article explores the extent to which the prohibition applies to trafficking in human beings in doing so it provides an analysis of the inherent limitations of the prohibition as applied to the acts of non state actors as well as suggesting possibilities for extension of the scope of the prohibition through the principle of due diligence by defining the parameters in this way this article submits that victims will receive more concrete protection as opposed to assertions that trafficking constitutes torture on the basis of the severity of the act and attraction to the special stigma of the label alone", "title_raw": "Applying the definition of torture to the acts of non-state actors: the case of trafficking in human beings", "abstract_raw": "The question of whether the prohibition of torture and other ill-treatment extends to the acts of non-state actors continues to reflect a contentious issue in international human rights law. Through one of the most recent and under-analyzed manifestations of the debate, this article explores the extent to which the prohibition applies to trafficking in human beings. In doing so, it provides an analysis of the inherent limitations of the prohibition as applied to the acts of non-state actors, as well as suggesting possibilities for extension of the scope of the prohibition through the principle of due diligence. By defining the parameters in this way, this article submits that victims will receive more concrete protection, as opposed to assertions that trafficking constitutes torture on the basis of the severity of the act and attraction to the special stigma of the label alone." }, { "paper": "2170349195", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2014", "title": "pocketbook protests explaining the emergence of pro democracy protests worldwide", "label": [ "555826173", "199539241" ], "author": [ "284920200" ], "reference": [ "51774562", "270474471", "1531969211", "1533204478", "1563780548", "1823439115", "1985373000", "1986925679", "1988105841", "1993330971", "1994990033", "2013830632", "2018298021", "2041887672", "2045672904", "2051402239", "2051733957", "2054432526", "2058597049", "2125353502", "2134952665", "2139649522", "2157391464", "2158775945", "2159191507", "2160009468", "2161730388", "2166749687", "2167835051", "2322673549", "2329103711", "2329151680", "2463244830", "2548571884", "3020979170", "3022000320", "3121145802", "3123879804" ], "abstract": "why do pro democracy protests emerge in some countries at certain periods of time and not others pro democracy protests i argue are more likely to arise when the economy is not performing well a", "title_raw": "Pocketbook Protests: Explaining the Emergence of Pro-Democracy Protests Worldwide", "abstract_raw": "Why do pro-democracy protests emerge in some countries at certain periods of time and not others? Pro-democracy protests, I argue, are more likely to arise when the economy is not performing well a..." }, { "paper": "2157379887", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2014", "title": "european unilateralism and involuntary burden sharing in global climate politics a public opinion perspective from the other side", "label": [ "94625758", "134698397", "168263082", "44725695" ], "author": [ "79745748", "732122508", "2082272212" ], "reference": [ "11648363", "1562888238", "1590644464", "1766070225", "2004728188", "2055161138", "2058916445", "2078674938", "2081553388", "2104094186", "2115487799", "2117619374", "2119298903", "2121099855", "2123290027", "2144327863", "2152727650", "2193308331", "3123895079" ], "abstract": "powerful political actors in the international system quite frequently adopt unilateral policies whose implications extend beyond their respective borders examples include financial market regulation as well as taxation trade and environmental policies they do so to avoid lowest common denominator outcomes in areas where they desire more ambitious international policies and to motivate or coerce other countries to shoulder a part of the burden associated with problem solving this article explores whether and how such unilateralism affects public opinion in other countries arguing that such analysis can point to external constraints on unilateralism and is worthwhile also for normative reasons empirically we examine the effect of a major unilateral european union eu climate policy initiative which regulates emissions from aircraft on public opinion in india and the united states the two largest democracies outside the eu based on survey experiments we study the effects of cost and sovereignt", "title_raw": "European unilateralism and involuntary burden-sharing in global climate politics: A public opinion perspective from the other side", "abstract_raw": "Powerful political actors in the international system quite frequently adopt unilateral policies whose implications extend beyond their respective borders. Examples include financial market regulation as well as taxation, trade and environmental policies. They do so to avoid lowest common-denominator outcomes in areas where they desire more ambitious international policies, and to motivate or coerce other countries to shoulder a part of the burden associated with problem solving. This article explores whether and how such unilateralism affects public opinion in other countries, arguing that such analysis can point to external constraints on unilateralism and is worthwhile also for normative reasons. Empirically, we examine the effect of a major unilateral European Union (EU) climate policy initiative, which regulates emissions from aircraft, on public opinion in India and the United States, the two largest democracies outside the EU. Based on survey experiments, we study the effects of cost and sovereignt..." }, { "paper": "2096692671", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "latin american constitutionalism 1810 2010 the engine room of the constitution by roberto gargarella new york oxford university press 2013 298p 74 00 making constitutions presidents parties and institutional choice in latin america by gabriel l negretto new york cambridge university press 2013 296p 95 00 cloth 32 99 paper", "label": [ "70999106", "158886217", "2776154427" ], "author": [ "598498195" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Latin American Constitutionalism, 1810\u20132010: The Engine Room of the Constitution. By Roberto Gargarella. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 298p. $74.00. Making Constitutions: Presidents, Parties, and Institutional Choice in Latin America. By Gabriel L. Negretto. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 296p. $95.00 cloth, $32.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "582300977", "venue": "183770981", "year": "2014", "title": "negotiating the structural constitution", "label": [ "2776154427", "199776023", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2303923532" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Negotiating the Structural Constitution", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2020577108", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "madison s metronome the constitution majority rule and the tempo of american politics by weiner greg lawrence university press of kansas 2012 208p 29 95", "label": [ "2776154427", "522562087", "153668964" ], "author": [ "2579597543" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Madison\u2019s Metronome: The Constitution, Majority Rule, and the Tempo of American Politics. By Weiner Greg. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2012. 208p. $29.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2145907163", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2014", "title": "new directions in presidential election research", "label": [ "2776129789" ], "author": [ "2490815170" ], "reference": [ "217868769", "2164849828" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "New Directions in Presidential-Election Research", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2800557523", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2014", "title": "have we moved beyond the civil rights revolution", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "1979669282" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Have We Moved beyond the Civil Rights Revolution", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2130993871", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2014", "title": "early start preschool politics in the united states by andrew karch ann arbor university of michigan press 2013 288 pp 60 00", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2115545538" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Early Start: Preschool Politics in the United States by Andrew Karch. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2013. 288 pp. $60.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2124803831", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2014", "title": "w elliot brownlee eisaku ide and yasunori fukagai eds the political economy of transnational tax reform the shoup mission to japan in historical context cambridge cambridge university press 2013 pp xi 472 isbn 9781107033160 hbk 75 110", "label": [ "551662922" ], "author": [ "2240416821" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "W. Elliot Brownlee, Eisaku Ide, and Yasunori Fukagai, eds., The political economy of transnational tax reform: the Shoup mission to Japan in historical context (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. xi + 472. ISBN 9781107033160 Hbk. \u00a375/$110)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2321810902", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2014", "title": "is it better to be feared than loved investigating the efficacy of different teaching methods on the learning of specific content", "label": [ "2776063143", "88610354" ], "author": [ "2715961505" ], "reference": [ "1483225707", "1974782053", "1985976459", "2001325879", "2031179337", "2049038863", "2080123116", "2109636322", "2133676430" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Is It Better to Be Feared Than Loved? Investigating the Efficacy of Different Teaching Methods on the Learning of Specific Content", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2323423201", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2014", "title": "election laws mobilization and turnout the unanticipated consequences of election reform", "label": [ "94625758", "2778203169", "197487636", "2780273880", "2779838221", "520049643", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1666159659", "2486226977", "2166939113", "2072045380" ], "reference": [ "588685697", "629486466", "1498893643", "1504854090", "1522512763", "1558393125", "1574427467", "1788621001", "1930813282", "1952552476", "1963953441", "1970448208", "1974922139", "1987937988", "1999215716", "2023681835", "2025491733", "2030625775", "2031340404", "2031644889", "2032606256", "2033198212", "2033907060", "2035534527", "2037572137", "2039094438", "2058686539", "2069770063", "2071018780", "2078724558", "2082339685", "2082528847", "2091975008", "2094716240", "2094786418", "2095026559", "2096668555", "2098072518", "2099098955", "2100029367", "2104334765", "2106109494", "2110959380", "2112813658", "2117021548", "2120603140", "2128120880", "2136719211", "2136743206", "2137606474", "2141485081", "2142216981", "2144113088", "2148968852", "2152849583", "2153023399", "2155911790", "2165938089", "2166074717", "2169089925", "2169469303", "2320614500", "3124959613", "3142585871" ], "abstract": "state governments have experimented with a variety of election laws to make voting more convenient and increase turnout the impacts of these reforms vary in surprising ways providing insight into the mechanisms by which states can encourage or reduce turnout our theory focuses on mobilization and distinguishes between the direct and indirect effects of election laws we conduct both aggregate and individual level statistical analyses of voter turnout in the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections the results show that election day registration has a consistently positive effect on turnout whereas the most popular reform early voting is actually associated with lower turnout when it is implemented by itself we propose that early voting has created negative unanticipated consequences by reducing the civic significance of elections for individuals and altering the incentives for political campaigns to invest in mobilization dvocates journalists and politicians frequently propose changes to election laws out of the belief that making voting easier will increase voter turnout it seems logical that making voting more convenient through relaxed registration rules registra tion on election day voting prior to election day or ex panded absentee voting will encourage more people to cast ballots we challenge this notion and show that the most popular reform early voting actually decreases turnout when implemented by itself an unanticipated consequence that has significant implications for policy and for theories of how state governments can influence turnout this result is counterintuitive and it certainly runs against the grain of conventional wisdom our expla", "title_raw": "Election Laws, Mobilization, and Turnout: The Unanticipated Consequences of Election Reform", "abstract_raw": "State governments have experimented with a variety of election laws to make voting more convenient and increase turnout. The impacts of these reforms vary in surprising ways, providing insight into the mechanisms by which states can encourage or reduce turnout. Our theory focuses on mobilization and distinguishes between the direct and indirect effects of election laws. We conduct both aggregate and individual-level statistical analyses of voter turnout in the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections. The results show that Election Day registration has a consistently positive effect on turnout, whereas the most popular reform-early voting-is actually associated with lower turnout when it is implemented by itself We propose that early voting has created negative unanticipated consequences by reducing the civic significance of elections for individuals and altering the incentives for political campaigns to invest in mobilization. dvocates, journalists, and politicians frequently propose changes to election laws out of the belief that making voting easier will increase voter turnout. It seems logical that making voting more convenient-through relaxed registration rules, registra\u00ad tion on Election Day, voting prior to Election Day, or ex\u00ad panded absentee voting-will encourage more people to cast ballots. We challenge this notion and show that the most popular reform-early voting-actually decreases turnout when implemented by itself, an unanticipated consequence that has significant implications for policy and for theories of how state governments can influence turnout. This result is counterintuitive, and it certainly runs against the grain of conventional wisdom. Our expla" }, { "paper": "2028299513", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2014", "title": "using legitimacy as an organizing lens for public administration", "label": [ "46295352", "3116431", "39549134" ], "author": [ "228765858" ], "reference": [ "596135351", "1997205105", "1998542435", "2036805646", "2049142604", "2077499885", "2098196715", "2105329646", "2127249496", "2131143005", "2155842671", "2297822891", "2339725856", "2776863498", "3204459293" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Using Legitimacy as an Organizing Lens for Public Administration", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "566057873", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2014", "title": "democracy and the left social policy and inequality in latin america", "label": [ "19159745", "158886217", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2009630551" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democracy and the Left: Social Policy and Inequality in Latin America:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2332729853", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2014", "title": "roger l nichols warrior nations the united states and indian peoples", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2632076031" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Roger L. Nichols. Warrior Nations: The United States and Indian Peoples.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2021054688", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2014", "title": "avoiding the fall china s economic restructuring michael pettis washington dc carnegie endowment for international peace 2013 viii 157 pp 17 96 13 99 isbn978 0 87003 407 7", "label": [ "145197507", "113522999", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2579072090" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Avoiding the Fall: China's Economic Restructuring .MICHAEL PETTIS.Washington, DC:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,2013. viii + 157 pp. $17.96; \u00a313.99. ISBN978-0-87003-407-7", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1562213358", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2014", "title": "political giving making sense of individual campaign contributions by bertram n johnson boulder co lynne rienner publishers 2013 156 pp 58 00", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2178527606" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Giving: Making Sense of Individual Campaign Contributions by Bertram N. Johnson. Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2013. 156 pp. $58.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3121958715", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2014", "title": "law matters even to the executive", "label": [ "2780114137", "197487636", "79638320", "55447825", "42027317", "199539241", "126053111", "2781243023", "71043370" ], "author": [ "2085798786" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "law matters even to the executivepower and constraint the accountable presidency after 9 11 by jack goldsmith new york w w norton co 2012 pp xvi 252 26 95 the executive unbound after the madisonian republic by eric a posner and adrian vermeule new york oxford university press 2011 pp 210 29 95 introductionin both constitutional and international law many legal rules cannot be implemented without what most people would describe as the voluntary compliance of their target is that really law or is rule compliance in such circumstances just an expression of interests forget jurisprudence for the moment as a practical matter what does it mean to work as a lawyer in a field where the rules are not coercively enforced against private parties by an independent judiciary whose orders are implemented by a cooperative exec utive this question has particularly high stakes for national security policy where we find judicial deference at its highest the centralization of modern government at its most pronounced delegations of authority to the execu tive at their broadest and contempt for idealism at its most self satisfied two recent books on executive power prompt this return to such well trodden ground in the executive unbound after the madisonian republic eric posner1 and adrian vermeule2 claim that the constitutional rule of law apparatus is basically worthless in power and constraint the accountable presidency after 9 11 jack goldsmith3 says just about the opposite this re view argues that goldsmith is right and supplements his account by identi fying a key mechanism in the political economy he describes the review begins by separating the various threads of argument advanced by posner and vermeule to expose how implausible their conceptual claims will seem to most lawyers it then explores how their largely unsupported descriptive claims are contradicted by goldsmith s empirical account as well as by other evidence adduced here the review closes by suggesting that one of the most plausible causal mechanisms for the efficacy of law the deep vein of respect for legality that characterizes our culture is itself a primary target of pos ner and vermeule s project posner and vermeule make three kinds of arguments first they make a theoretical claim about the necessary conceptual vacuity of legal rules that apply to the executive leaning heavily on carl schmitt they argue that law itself certainly the actual laws applicable to executive action in the ameri can system but perhaps even law in general is an elaborate shell game with no interpretive constraint beyond what the decider decides the second claim is empirical regardless of whether law contains interpretive limits con ceptually the only thing that in fact constrains the american presidency is politics construed narrowly as competition between self interested electoral constituencies on this model law is a smokescreen for brute policy clashes between political enemies and presidential behavior changes only as a func tion of evolving majoritarian political preferences the third claim is a pre diction about the federal separation of powers while modern governance cannot help but evolve into radical executive centricity we shouldn t worry about it because tyrannical policies are unlikely to result these claims are individually wrong and collectively dangerous the first that law does not impose genuine interpretive constraints is simply implausible virtually any legal norm leaves room for interpretation and virtually any legal rule has boundaries beyond which its application is un certain but that doesn t mean that law as such contains no meaningful in terpretive limits posner and vermeule s inapposite rejoinder that the president can ignore the law in secret is no different from the fact that i can run a stop sign or throw a rock through a stranger s window at night", "title_raw": "Law Matters, Even to the Executive", "abstract_raw": "LAW MATTERS, EVEN TO THE EXECUTIVEPower and Constraint: The Accountable Presidency After 9/11. By Jack Goldsmith. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. 2012. Pp. xvi, 252. $26.95.The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic. By Eric A. Posner and Adrian Vermeule. New York: Oxford University Press. 2011. Pp. 210. $29.95.IntroductionIn both constitutional and international law, many legal rules cannot be implemented without what most people would describe as the voluntary compliance of their target. Is that really \"law\"? Or is rule compliance in such circumstances just an expression of \"interests\"? Forget jurisprudence for the moment. As a practical matter, what does it mean to work as a lawyer in a field where the rules are not coercively enforced against private parties by an independent judiciary whose orders are implemented by a cooperative exec- utive? This question has particularly high stakes for national security policy, where we find judicial deference at its highest, the centralization of modern government at its most pronounced, delegations of authority to the execu- tive at their broadest, and contempt for idealism at its most self-satisfied.Two recent books on executive power prompt this return to such well- trodden ground. In The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic, Eric Posner1 and Adrian Vermeule2 claim that the constitutional rule-of-law apparatus is basically worthless. In Power and Constraint: The Accountable Presidency After 9/11, Jack Goldsmith3 says just about the opposite. This Re- view argues that Goldsmith is right and supplements his account by identi- fying a key mechanism in the political economy he describes. The Review begins by separating the various threads of argument advanced by Posner and Vermeule to expose how implausible their conceptual claims will seem to most lawyers. It then explores how their (largely unsupported) descriptive claims are contradicted by Goldsmith's empirical account as well as by other evidence adduced here. The Review closes by suggesting that one of the most plausible causal mechanisms for the efficacy of law-the deep vein of respect for legality that characterizes our culture-is itself a primary target of Pos- ner and Vermeule's project.Posner and Vermeule make three kinds of arguments. First, they make a theoretical claim about the necessary conceptual vacuity of legal rules that apply to the executive. Leaning heavily on Carl Schmitt, they argue that law itself-certainly the actual laws applicable to executive action in the Ameri- can system, but perhaps even law in general-is an elaborate shell game with no interpretive constraint beyond what the decider decides. The second claim is empirical: regardless of whether law contains interpretive limits con- ceptually, the only thing that in fact constrains the American presidency is politics, construed narrowly as competition between self-interested electoral constituencies. On this model, law is a smokescreen for brute policy clashes between political enemies, and presidential behavior changes only as a func- tion of evolving majoritarian political preferences. The third claim is a pre- diction about the federal separation of powers: while modern governance cannot help but evolve into radical executive-centricity, we shouldn't worry about it because tyrannical policies are unlikely to result.These claims are individually wrong and collectively dangerous. The first-that law does not impose genuine interpretive constraints-is simply implausible. Virtually any legal norm leaves room for interpretation, and virtually any legal rule has boundaries beyond which its application is un- certain. But that doesn't mean that law as such contains no meaningful in- terpretive limits. Posner and Vermeule's inapposite rejoinder that the president \"can\" ignore the law in secret is no different from the fact that I \"can\" run a stop sign or throw a rock through a stranger's window at night. \u2026" }, { "paper": "1897382477", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2014", "title": "eastern enlargement ten years on transcending the east west divide", "label": [ "528161332", "2779111050", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2126661707", "2103899894" ], "reference": [ "1540289402", "1964618454", "1975773573", "1998341216", "2014509955", "2024233429", "2027926554", "2058996507", "2078324333", "2082460727", "2087144633", "2096499061", "2105621954", "2107657727", "2112151303", "2112908401", "2141425571", "2142649016", "2148940836", "2151843295", "2156826314", "2166482036", "2328605477", "2486832154", "2503126353", "2573162617" ], "abstract": "this introduction summarizes the findings of nine research articles that examine the consequences of the european union s eastern enlargement ten years on the volume reaches three surprising conclusions since 2004 the eu s economic effects have been more far reaching than its political effects all of the new member states nms have had problems with democratic consolidation and despite four years of intense crisis in the eurozone both the eu s enlargement and neighbourhood shaping efforts have continued we set these economic political and institutional developments in the context of the long standing east west divide in europe and ask whether eu membership for post communist countries upends the continent s traditionally persistent divisions notable achievements of eu enlargement notwithstanding the volume points to the continuing important differences between east and west and highlights the issue areas in which the eu transcends but also reinforces the centuries old partition", "title_raw": "Eastern Enlargement Ten Years On: Transcending the East\u2013West Divide?", "abstract_raw": "This introduction summarizes the findings of nine research articles that examine the consequences of the European Union's eastern enlargement ten years on. The volume reaches three surprising conclusions: since 2004, the EU's economic effects have been more far-reaching than its political effects; all of the new Member States (NMS) have had problems with democratic consolidation; and, despite four years of intense crisis in the eurozone, both the EU's enlargement and neighbourhood-shaping efforts have continued. We set these economic, political and institutional developments in the context of the long-standing east\u2013west divide in Europe, and ask whether EU membership for post-communist countries upends the continent's traditionally persistent divisions. Notable achievements of EU enlargement notwithstanding, the volume points to the continuing important differences between east and west and highlights the issue areas in which the EU transcends but also reinforces the centuries-old partition." }, { "paper": "2559995894", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2014", "title": "vietnam s pivot", "label": [ "76775654" ], "author": [ "2556097441" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Vietnam's Pivot", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2787890752", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2014", "title": "\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 the war for aid", "label": [ "81631423" ], "author": [ "2566349732" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "\"\u0412\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438\u201d, (The War for Aid)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3123724016", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2014", "title": "the evolution of shareholder voting rights separation of ownership and consumption", "label": [ "149209484", "2777804265", "2776211767", "520049643", "199539241", "2780423727" ], "author": [ "2163203380", "53904661" ], "reference": [ "2053504311" ], "abstract": "the nineteenth century saw the standardization and rapid spread of the modern business corporation around the world yet those early corporations differed from their contemporary counterparts in important ways most obviously they commonly deviated from the one share onevote rule that is customary today instead adopting restricted voting schemes that favored small over large shareholders in recent years both legal scholars and economists have sought to explain these schemes as a rough form of investor protection shielding small shareholders from exploitation by controlling shareholders in an era when investor protection law was weak we argue in contrast that restricted voting rules generally served not to protect shareholders as investors but to protect them as consumers the firms adopting such rules were frequently local monopolies that provided vital infrastructural services such as transportation banking and insurance the local merchants farmers and landholders who used these services were the firms principal shareholders they commonly purchased shares not in the expectation of profit but to finance collective goods restricted shareholder voting assured that control of the firms services would not fall into the hands of monopolists or competitors in effect the corporations had much the character of consumer cooperatives this perspective also sheds light on the unusual importance given to the doctrine of ultra vires in the nineteenth century while current legal and economic scholarship has focused incessantly on the separation between ownership and control the prior separation between ownership and consumption accomplished by the late nineteenth century was another fundamental but generally overlooked turning point in the history of the business corporation understanding this transformation throws light not just on historical practices but also on contemporary debates over deviations from the rule of one share onevote authors henry hansmann is oscar m ruebhausen professor of law yale law school mariana pargendler is professor of law at fundacao getulio vargas law school in sao paulo direito gv for helpful comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of this article we specially wish to thank ian ayres howard bodenhorn ronald gilson timothy guinnane leslie hannah eric hilt daniel ho naomi lamoreaux john langbein david le bris aldo musacchio claire priest richard sylla andrew verstein charles whitehead and robert wright as well as participants at the american law and economics association 2011 annual meeting at columbia law school the latin american and iberian law and economics association 2012 annual meeting in lima and the comparative law and economics forum in rio de janeiro and at conferences and workshops at columbia law school fundacao getulio vargas law school in sao paulo tel aviv university toulouse school of economics vanderbilt law school and yale law school for valuable research assistance we are grateful to allison gorsuch ian masias nicholas walter julie wang and particularly joanne williams david louk and his colleagues at the yale law journal provided excellent editing the evolution of shareholder voting rights 949 article contents", "title_raw": "The Evolution of Shareholder Voting Rights: Separation of Ownership and Consumption", "abstract_raw": "The nineteenth century saw the standardization and rapid spread of the modern business corporation around the world. Yet those early corporations differed from their contemporary counterparts in important ways. Most obviously, they commonly deviated from the one-share-onevote rule that is customary today, instead adopting restricted voting schemes that favored small over large shareholders. In recent years, both legal scholars and economists have sought to explain these schemes as a rough form of investor protection, shielding small shareholders from exploitation by controlling shareholders in an era when investor protection law was weak. We argue, in contrast, that restricted voting rules generally served not to protect shareholders as investors, but to protect them as consumers. The firms adopting such rules were frequently local monopolies that provided vital infrastructural services such as transportation, banking, and insurance. The local merchants, farmers, and landholders who used these services were the firms\u2019 principal shareholders. They commonly purchased shares not in the expectation of profit, but to finance collective goods. Restricted shareholder voting assured that control of the firms\u2019 services would not fall into the hands of monopolists or competitors. In effect, the corporations had much the character of consumer cooperatives. This perspective also sheds light on the unusual importance given to the doctrine of ultra vires in the nineteenth century. While current legal and economic scholarship has focused incessantly on the separation between ownership and control, the prior separation between ownership and consumption, accomplished by the late nineteenth century, was another fundamental but generally overlooked turning point in the history of the business corporation. Understanding this transformation throws light not just on historical practices, but also on contemporary debates over deviations from the rule of one-share-onevote. authors. Henry Hansmann is Oscar M. Ruebhausen Professor of Law, Yale Law School. Mariana Pargendler is Professor of Law at Fundacao Getulio Vargas Law School in Sao Paulo (Direito GV). For helpful comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of this article we specially wish to thank Ian Ayres, Howard Bodenhorn, Ronald Gilson, Timothy Guinnane, Leslie Hannah, Eric Hilt, Daniel Ho, Naomi Lamoreaux, John Langbein, David Le Bris, Aldo Musacchio, Claire Priest, Richard Sylla, Andrew Verstein, Charles Whitehead, and Robert Wright, as well as participants at the American Law and Economics Association 2011 Annual Meeting at Columbia Law School, the Latin American and Iberian Law and Economics Association 2012 Annual Meeting in Lima, and the Comparative Law and Economics Forum in Rio de Janeiro, and at conferences and workshops at Columbia Law School, Fundacao Getulio Vargas Law School in Sao Paulo, Tel Aviv University, Toulouse School of Economics, Vanderbilt Law School, and Yale Law School. For valuable research assistance, we are grateful to Allison Gorsuch, Ian Masias, Nicholas Walter, Julie Wang, and particularly Joanne Williams. David Louk and his colleagues at the Yale Law Journal provided excellent editing. the evolution of shareholder voting rights 949 article contents" }, { "paper": "143133749", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "review of the politics of nationalism in modern iran by ali ansari", "label": [ "94625758", "521449643" ], "author": [ "2721753460" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of The Politics of Nationalism in Modern Iran, by Ali Ansari", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2147408921", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "critical dialogue good bye hegemony power and influence in the global system by simon reich and richard ned lebow princeton princeton university press 2014 208p 95 cloth 24 95 paper", "label": [ "2776051254", "135121143" ], "author": [ "2062367162" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Critical Dialogue - Good-Bye Hegemony! Power and Influence in the Global System. By Simon Reich and Richard Ned Lebow. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014. 208p. $95 cloth, $24.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2063184890", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2014", "title": "eu foreign and security policy in bosnia the politics of coherence and effectiveness by a juncos manchester manchester university press 2013 isbn 9780719082405 xii 205pp 70 00 hb", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2556767037" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "EU Foreign and Security Policy in Bosnia: The Politics of Coherence and Effectiveness, by A. Juncos (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2013, ISBN 9780719082405); xii+205pp., \u00a3 70.00 hb.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2053826767", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "global health governance by youde jeremy malden ma polity press 2012 240p 69 96 cloth 24 95 paper", "label": [ "2779707719", "46578552" ], "author": [ "2963794440" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Global Health Governance. By Youde Jeremy. Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2012. 240p. $69.96 cloth, $24.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1948570828", "venue": "45992627", "year": "2014", "title": "tackling social exclusion evidence from chile", "label": [ "2777101753", "2777433830", "536738050", "2776237081", "553381038", "134659438", "2779490853" ], "author": [ "2153425187", "42994254", "1129844189" ], "reference": [ "141803635", "630957149", "1535046894", "1827167646", "1974977139", "1988095590", "2007438186", "2018755425", "2034756003", "2071459499", "2096734231", "2107958285", "2114242548", "2120744256", "2152792807", "2153127887", "2159743974", "2166901366", "2169589307", "2175444056", "2228549691", "2284053019", "2473114756", "2724420855", "3122026596", "3122958054", "3125244926", "3125367243", "3125458234", "3125647229", "3144402770" ], "abstract": "this paper studies an innovative welfare program in chile that combines a period of frequent home visits to households in extreme poverty with guaranteed access to social services program impacts are identified using a regression discontinuity design exploring the fact that program eligibility is a discontinuous function of an index of family income and assets the analysis finds strong and lasting impacts of the program on the take up of subsidies and employment services these impacts are concentrated among families who had little access to the welfare system prior to the intervention", "title_raw": "Tackling Social Exclusion: Evidence from Chile", "abstract_raw": "This paper studies an innovative welfare program in Chile that combines a period of frequent home visits to households in extreme poverty, with guaranteed access to social services. Program impacts are identified using a regression discontinuity design, exploring the fact that program eligibility is a discontinuous function of an index of family income and assets. The analysis finds strong and lasting impacts of the program on the take-up of subsidies and employment services. These impacts are concentrated among families who had little access to the welfare system prior to the intervention." }, { "paper": "2165604145", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2014", "title": "neoliberalism and national culture state building and legitimacy in canada and quebec", "label": [ "118589477", "2779175671", "3116431", "46295352" ], "author": [ "2119003627" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Neoliberalism and National Culture: State-Building and Legitimacy in Canada and Qu\u00e9bec", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1969264905", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "the rising toll", "label": [ "509929229", "81631423", "2775839188", "2780587734" ], "author": [ "2303441720" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "as troops head home from the war in afghanistan the longest in u s history the growing death toll for afghan civilians is coming into focus last year the occupying military coalition the international security assistance force isaf recorded the highest number of civilian casualties since rigorous counting began those figures come from a previously undisclosed data set of the past 4 years of civilian casualties drawn from reports from isaf soldiers this data set which science is making public today is the first release of civilian casualty figures since 2011", "title_raw": "The rising toll.", "abstract_raw": "As troops head home from the war in Afghanistan, the longest in U.S. history, the growing death toll for Afghan civilians is coming into focus. Last year, the occupying military coalition\u2014the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)\u2014recorded the highest number of civilian casualties since\u00a0rigorous counting began. Those figures come from a previously undisclosed data set of the past 4 years of civilian casualties, drawn from reports from ISAF soldiers. This data set, which Science is making public today, is the first release of civilian casualty figures since 2011." }, { "paper": "2002250363", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2014", "title": "electoral consequences of declining participation a natural experiment in austria", "label": [ "74080474", "3116431", "59742305", "2779838221", "2777617010", "119588120", "2779578752" ], "author": [ "1993236028" ], "reference": [ "14997025", "310885830", "1504854090", "1576377184", "1952552476", "1965158842", "1983864710", "2009026989", "2013515206", "2029941278", "2035179248", "2040045996", "2050081829", "2051247112", "2057951995", "2076555538", "2079127360", "2083287399", "2083864532", "2094419105", "2096095229", "2097711216", "2107335308", "2130212511", "2130526934", "2139577967", "2149833781", "2156257631", "2302513377", "3122812581", "3124615929" ], "abstract": "participation rates have declined sharply across developed democracies but the precise impact of this decline on party systems has proven difficult to study due to endogeneity concerns this paper seeks to address this issue by leveraging a natural experiment in austrian parliamentary elections by examining instances in which compulsory voting was gradually repealed in a federal setting i isolate the causal relationship between turnout decline and subsequent shifts in party vote share the findings suggest that turnout decline is not associated with a significant redistribution of votes between parties the clearest visible effect is a consolidation of the party system with a mild shift in votes from minor to mainstream parties evaluating the findings the paper argues that characteristics of proportional representation systems insulate parties against the consequences of declining electoral participation", "title_raw": "Electoral consequences of declining participation: A natural experiment in Austria", "abstract_raw": "Participation rates have declined sharply across developed democracies. But the precise impact of this decline on party systems has proven difficult to study due to endogeneity concerns. This paper seeks to address this issue by leveraging a natural experiment in Austrian parliamentary elections. By examining instances in which compulsory voting was gradually repealed in a federal setting, I isolate the causal relationship between turnout decline and subsequent shifts in party vote share. The findings suggest that turnout decline is not associated with a significant redistribution of votes between parties. The clearest visible effect is a consolidation of the party system, with a mild shift in votes from minor to mainstream parties. Evaluating the findings, the paper argues that characteristics of proportional representation systems insulate parties against the consequences of declining electoral participation." }, { "paper": "2077560391", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2014", "title": "permanent emergency welfare regimes in sub saharan africa the exclusive origins of dictatorship and democracy", "label": [ "100243477", "555826173", "48327123" ], "author": [ "2273569124" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Permanent Emergency Welfare Regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa: The exclusive origins of dictatorship and democracy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2159585950", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2014", "title": "the reputational and social network benefits of prosociality in an andean community", "label": [ "2777932401" ], "author": [ "2032223085", "2138619930" ], "reference": [ "85988172", "206189781", "1546307086", "1569005070", "1573010155", "1573084417", "1922560184", "1966344422", "1972176362", "1980061920", "1985170436", "1985340978", "1987965050", "2006469409", "2008609735", "2009391158", "2029173829", "2029907134", "2036004576", "2038702827", "2039381267", "2045958041", "2046307793", "2047362755", "2053702612", "2062414996", "2065231053", "2067392945", "2083360664", "2103998122", "2106100431", "2106870040", "2108903209", "2114340103", "2115363650", "2116738092", "2140088866", "2143072217", "2145210228", "2147117158", "2147570389", "2148126168", "2155375900", "2163065522", "2164481280", "2164507852", "2170689222", "2175723801", "2226396244", "2779390210", "2908590561", "3025378298" ], "abstract": "several theories have emerged to explain how group cooperation collective action can arise and be maintained in the face of incentives to engage in free riding explanations focusing on reputational benefits and partner choice have particular promise for cases in which punishment is absent or insufficient to deter free riding in indigenous communities of highland peru collective action is pervasive and provides critical benefits participation in collective action is unequal across households but all households share its benefits importantly investment in collective action involves considerable time energy and risk differential participation in collective action can convey information about qualities of fellow community members that are not easily observable otherwise such as cooperative intent knowledge work ethic skill and or physical vitality conveying such information may enhance access to adaptive support networks interview and observational data collected in a peruvian highland community indicate that persons who contributed more to collective action had greater reputations as reliable hard workers with regard to collective action and also were considered the most respected influential and generous people in the community additionally household heads with greater reputations had more social support partners measured as network indegree centrality and households with larger support networks experienced fewer illness symptoms", "title_raw": "The reputational and social network benefits of prosociality in an Andean community", "abstract_raw": "Several theories have emerged to explain how group cooperation (collective action) can arise and be maintained in the face of incentives to engage in free riding. Explanations focusing on reputational benefits and partner choice have particular promise for cases in which punishment is absent or insufficient to deter free riding. In indigenous communities of highland Peru, collective action is pervasive and provides critical benefits. Participation in collective action is unequal across households, but all households share its benefits. Importantly, investment in collective action involves considerable time, energy, and risk. Differential participation in collective action can convey information about qualities of fellow community members that are not easily observable otherwise, such as cooperative intent, knowledge, work ethic, skill, and/or physical vitality. Conveying such information may enhance access to adaptive support networks. Interview and observational data collected in a Peruvian highland community indicate that persons who contributed more to collective action had greater reputations as reliable, hard workers with regard to collective action and also were considered the most respected, influential, and generous people in the community. Additionally, household heads with greater reputations had more social support partners (measured as network indegree centrality), and households with larger support networks experienced fewer illness symptoms." }, { "paper": "3125653830", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2014", "title": "informing the electorate how party cues and policy information affect public opinion about initiatives", "label": [ "134698397", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2040696266", "2347434775" ], "reference": [ "1539896512", "1746788904", "1934355826", "1970984308", "1986793176", "1993984443", "2012728340", "2057128234", "2088133861", "2089104721", "2112264840", "2124369469", "2132490153", "2142573394", "2151318005", "2153910101", "2155643382", "2158437999", "2244545434", "2278470944", "2314972133", "2322912595", "3121744607", "3123570947", "3124069454", "3174349278" ], "abstract": "citizens in representative democracies receive party endorsements and policy information when choosing candidates or making policy decisions via the initiative process what effects do these sources of information have on public opinion we address this important question by conducting survey experiments where citizens express opinions about initiatives in a real world electoral context we manipulate whether they receive party cues policy information both or neither type of information we find that citizens do not simply ignore policy information when they are also exposed to party cues rather citizens respond by shifting their opinions away from their party s positions when policy information provides a compelling reason for doing so these results challenge the prominent claim in public opinion research that citizens blindly follow their party when also exposed to policy information they also suggest that efforts to inform the electorate can influence opinions provided that citizens actually receive the information being disseminated", "title_raw": "Informing the Electorate? How Party Cues and Policy Information Affect Public Opinion about Initiatives", "abstract_raw": "Citizens in representative democracies receive party endorsements and policy information when choosing candidates or making policy decisions via the initiative process. What effects do these sources of information have on public opinion? We address this important question by conducting survey experiments where citizens express opinions about initiatives in a real-world electoral context. We manipulate whether they receive party cues, policy information, both, or neither type of information. We find that citizens do not simply ignore policy information when they are also exposed to party cues. Rather, citizens respond by shifting their opinions away from their party's positions when policy information provides a compelling reason for doing so. These results challenge the prominent claim in public opinion research that citizens blindly follow their party when also exposed to policy information. They also suggest that efforts to inform the electorate can influence opinions, provided that citizens actually receive the information being disseminated." }, { "paper": "1999783112", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2014", "title": "european commission put brain project back on course", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "317200464", "2002671098" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "European Commission: Put brain project back on course.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1978234045", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2014", "title": "transnational politics and the state the external voting rights of diasporas", "label": [ "2776398702", "94625758", "520049643", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2733396953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Transnational Politics and the State: The External Voting Rights of Diasporas", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2043834733", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2014", "title": "cohesive subgroups in the international collaboration network in astronomy and astrophysics", "label": [ "39549134", "2780641677" ], "author": [ "2111422119", "2101300563" ], "reference": [ "77988601", "189804332", "607696910", "802452770", "1538205560", "1559698545", "1617641394", "1671906456", "1704958401", "1787577796", "1799889357", "1806049801", "1813141316", "1821688283", "1837388624", "1933234744", "1964920419", "1965305555", "1966528598", "1968963246", "1969474633", "1971909015", "1972031884", "1978532691", "1983948152", "1984334178", "1986770435", "1988175712", "1988620767", "1988922314", "1994121865", "1995058801", "1996807062", "1998057448", "2007398982", "2008974576", "2025572017", "2029007937", "2037925493", "2050731935", "2053001600", "2061901927", "2063360622", "2074254500", "2074564899", "2074846680", "2086628483", "2089644168", "2094185807", "2097777089", "2101506313", "2116871268", "2119959310", "2120720358", "2121262614", "2125315567", "2144360362", "2147988994", "2165626527", "2165702275", "2166663095", "2762566243", "3124856069" ], "abstract": "this study employs social network analysis to identify institutions with strong international collaborative relationships in astronomical research we find that the strongest ties tend to link institutions across continents in research collaboration however the effect of geographic factors is still notable in light of the fact that most of the institutions in the largest subgroup are located in europe examination of the network position measured by degree centrality indicates that homophily is more common than heterophily in the network a relatively high number of relational ties are observed among institutions that have similar levels of network centrality mutual relations are prevalent among central institutions while strong mutual solidarity exists between institutions on the periphery of the network this study shows a general unstable international collaborative relationship among astronomical institutions while more and more institutions have linked up in research collaboration many of them keep relatively weak ties institutions tend not remain in the same subgroup but link to different partners over time", "title_raw": "Cohesive subgroups in the international collaboration network in astronomy and astrophysics", "abstract_raw": "This study employs social network analysis to identify institutions with strong international collaborative relationships in astronomical research. We find that the strongest ties tend to link institutions across continents in research collaboration. However, the effect of geographic factors is still notable in light of the fact that most of the institutions in the largest subgroup are located in Europe. Examination of the network position, measured by degree centrality, indicates that homophily is more common than heterophily in the network. A relatively high number of relational ties are observed among institutions that have similar levels of network centrality. Mutual relations are prevalent among central institutions, while strong mutual solidarity exists between institutions on the periphery of the network. This study shows a general unstable international collaborative relationship among astronomical institutions. While more and more institutions have linked up in research collaboration, many of them keep relatively weak ties. Institutions tend not remain in the same subgroup, but link to different partners over time." }, { "paper": "2795158429", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2014", "title": "state building and tax regimes in central america by aaron schneider cambridge university press 2012", "label": [ "2779175671" ], "author": [ "1953541265" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "State-Building and Tax Regimes in Central America. By Aaron Schneider. (Cambridge University Press, 2012.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2325600679", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "changing worlds vietnam s transition from cold war to globalization by david w p elliot new york oxford university press 2012 432p 49 95", "label": [ "2119116" ], "author": [ "2654292507" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Changing Worlds: Vietnam\u2019s Transition from Cold War to Globalization. By David W. P. Elliot. New York: Oxford University Press. 2012. 432p. $49.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2005680502", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2014", "title": "different surveys different results a comparison of two surveys on the 2009 european parliamentary election", "label": [ "2781440851", "520049643", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2129975482", "2620015552" ], "reference": [ "361138144", "1550821671", "1565259798", "1966989238", "2070636165", "2082395018", "2093807602", "2101771110", "2105473974", "2126058594", "2135710687", "2138706729", "2157829513" ], "abstract": "the european election survey ees is carried out in all member states at the time of each european parliament election the mode of data collection mainly telephone interviews and the sampling procedure achieving 1 000 interviews in each country raise doubts about the data quality until now knowledge has been lacking about the extent to which the mode of data collection and the sampling procedure bias the results in one european country an independently designed election survey is carried out the swedish national european parliament election study snes the survey consists of face to face interviews of a random net sample of 2 682 individuals response rate 67 per cent compared to 11 2 in the swedish ees survey in addition snes includes a large number of variables from official register data including validated voting that facilitates analyses without any non responses generating missing data this quasi experimental methodological set up is used to compare the data from the two surveys for", "title_raw": "Different Surveys, Different Results? A Comparison of Two Surveys on the 2009 European Parliamentary Election", "abstract_raw": "The European Election Survey (EES) is carried out in all member states at the time of each European Parliament election. The mode of data collection (mainly telephone interviews) and the sampling procedure (achieving 1,000 interviews in each country) raise doubts about the data quality. Until now knowledge has been lacking about the extent to which the mode of data collection and the sampling procedure bias the results. In one European country an independently designed election survey is carried out: The Swedish National European Parliament Election Study (SNES). The survey consists of face-to-face interviews of a random net sample of 2,682 individuals (response rate 67 per cent compared to 11.2 in the Swedish EES survey). In addition, SNES includes a large number of variables from official register data (including validated voting) that facilitates analyses without any non-responses generating missing data. This quasi-experimental methodological set up is used to compare the data from the two surveys for..." }, { "paper": "2100807922", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "transforming subjects into citizens insights from brazil s bolsa familia", "label": [ "100243477", "148834064", "2779490853", "2780781376", "109986646", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2510983498", "1985546684" ], "reference": [ "8083748", "422762440", "566493127", "593923931", "622238697", "1505832456", "1526945924", "1535803599", "1827167646", "1972683046", "1977072143", "1982469483", "2003032722", "2006867813", "2042436776", "2050984664", "2052125222", "2068895077", "2069878149", "2072364726", "2072395157", "2085102853", "2104153053", "2146486150", "2156351396", "2169140539", "2170107456", "2205834647", "2316882623", "2318157401", "2334248565", "2502805320", "2587967774", "2600248030", "2795712055", "2994345672", "3123367302", "3125399063", "3152865476", "3175534598", "3198803584" ], "abstract": "welfare programs distribute benefits to citizens perhaps even more importantly by conveying powerful messages about how the state views poor people welfare programs shape people s views about themselves as subjects or citizens theoretical debates on how public policies can enhance democratic citizenship inspire our study of brazil s bolsa familia family grant has this conditional cash transfer program which forms a major point of contact between the state and millions of poor brazilians elevated feelings of social inclusion and agency a prominent perspective in the welfare state literature would not expect a positive outcome given the strict means testing and behavioral requirements entailed yet our focus group research with bolsa familia recipients suggests that the program does foster a sense of belonging and efficacy policy design and government discourse matter this innovative welfare program yields rich insights on alternative paths to citizenship development for middle and low income countries in the third wave of democracy", "title_raw": "Transforming Subjects into Citizens: Insights from Brazil\u2019s Bolsa Fam\u00edlia", "abstract_raw": "Welfare programs distribute benefits to citizens. Perhaps even more importantly, by conveying powerful messages about how the state views poor people, welfare programs shape people\u2019s views about themselves as subjects or citizens. Theoretical debates on how public policies can enhance democratic citizenship inspire our study of Brazil\u2019s Bolsa Familia (Family Grant). Has this conditional cash transfer program, which forms a major point of contact between the state and millions of poor Brazilians, elevated feelings of social inclusion and agency? A prominent perspective in the welfare-state literature would not expect a positive outcome given the strict means testing and behavioral requirements entailed. Yet our focus group research with Bolsa Familia recipients suggests that the program does foster a sense of belonging and efficacy. Policy design and government discourse matter. This innovative welfare program yields rich insights on alternative paths to citizenship development for middle- and low-income countries in the third wave of democracy." }, { "paper": "2147728632", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2014", "title": "between dominance and decline status anxiety and great power rivalry", "label": [ "2778676447", "94625758" ], "author": [ "568580521" ], "reference": [ "76497022", "102662756", "356532735", "567518960", "569635469", "604301718", "604880273", "605537453", "607518893", "609477816", "611959739", "619245769", "625596110", "627222599", "627464094", "630428508", "630727849", "635859965", "639014993", "653039631", "1209519293", "1486887041", "1488910753", "1498829078", "1512843899", "1515377417", "1517091189", "1521238622", "1548050653", "1574225887", "1581407296", "1595463751", "1597600697", "1699047531", "1739556303", "1779594551", "1966297126", "1972181371", "1973275593", "1974653834", "1976799007", "1977289560", "1978181693", "1979649732", "1982840764", "1984425924", "1985843461", "1989251890", "1993368937", "2004962569", "2009505146", "2015163015", "2018108987", "2019237901", "2025059286", "2028332760", "2033614709", "2034675405", "2036560879", "2037118322", "2043124776", "2043367906", "2046572500", "2060164089", "2063436546", "2066864425", "2066874115", "2068530186", "2071632600", "2072671654", "2084526852", "2085449996", "2089544854", "2089668672", "2095456486", "2096122193", "2097184685", "2101628880", "2105250815", "2106594414", "2109651739", "2112017619", "2112232931", "2114578439", "2124974251", "2134771325", "2138673025", "2150515448", "2151430914", "2157300266", "2161010013", "2164166560", "2324440273", "2325028299", "2325663310", "2328800558", "2344139108", "2501987936", "2506069808", "2568477755", "2571925254", "2764528252", "2798717591", "2798826866", "2799881490", "2802968898" ], "abstract": "this article investigates the role of status considerations in the response of dominant powers to the rise of emergent states accordingly the hypothesis explored is that dominant actors are prone to fear that they will lose their upper rank and due to this status anxiety resist the efforts of emergent powers to match or surpass them the article begins by explaining why political actors deem status important and puts forward a theory of status anxiety in world politics the more pronounced is this anxiety across status dimensions economic and military capabilities as well as prestige the higher the likelihood of conflict this argument is then tested against competing theories of dominant power behaviour in two cases the relations between france and britain from the 1740s to napoleon and those between britain and germany from the 1880s to world war one", "title_raw": "Between dominance and decline: status anxiety and great power rivalry", "abstract_raw": "This article investigates the role of status considerations in the response of dominant powers to the rise of emergent states. Accordingly, the hypothesis explored is that dominant actors are prone to fear that they will lose their upper rank, and, due to this status anxiety, resist the efforts of emergent powers to match or surpass them. The article begins by explaining why political actors deem status important and puts forward a theory of status anxiety in world politics. The more pronounced is this anxiety across status dimensions (economic and military capabilities as well as prestige), the higher the likelihood of conflict. This argument is then tested against competing theories of dominant power behaviour in two cases: the relations between France and Britain from the 1740s to Napoleon and those between Britain and Germany from the 1880s to World War One." }, { "paper": "2323786770", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "the political economy of public sector governance by bertelli anthony m new york cambridge university press 2012 208p 28 99", "label": [ "189261614", "3116431", "47936135", "147859227" ], "author": [ "2644888309" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Political Economy of Public Sector Governance. By Bertelli Anthony M.. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2012. 208p. $28.99.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2548433847", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2014", "title": "they re coming", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2034358191" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "They're Coming", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2022651517", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2014", "title": "labor unions and the mobilization of latino voters can the dinosaur awaken the sleeping giant", "label": [ "2779838221", "2781400479", "2780030507", "156708679", "2776051254", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2288531512", "2117900575" ], "reference": [ "39572901", "49839841", "186684312", "563874544", "1481908410", "1485540245", "1506380772", "1531480811", "1545128901", "1550821671", "1562680947", "1584923806", "1585710142", "1593874946", "1775400137", "1930813282", "1944958198", "1963727356", "1965238121", "1965926710", "1972983472", "1973782931", "1973948212", "1977575119", "2001419797", "2003343259", "2015427550", "2016808632", "2022664367", "2035534527", "2036997624", "2039296699", "2042651706", "2046773575", "2051082072", "2062186757", "2062387714", "2071912378", "2093379594", "2094716240", "2095285905", "2105246395", "2106002585", "2106562050", "2108916662", "2125202429", "2125662507", "2141961860", "2144956506", "2149818942", "2163423323", "2163904431", "2169469303", "2188799415", "2313360527", "2320762269", "2478015816", "2787410419", "2945940458", "3122385470", "3123807274", "3148953162" ], "abstract": "despite large population gains political observers commonly refer to latinos as a sleeping giant because of low voter turnout conversely steady declines in union membership have led some to label organized labor a dinosaur several unions have made special outreach efforts to latinos to rebuild their ranks and improve latino political participation incorporating insights from the civic voluntarism model we find union affiliation increases latino voter registration and turnout and disproportionately so in comparison with non latinos and in recent elections we conclude that continued declines in union membership have significant implications for latino political power and inequalities in political voice", "title_raw": "Labor Unions and the Mobilization of Latino Voters: Can the Dinosaur Awaken the Sleeping Giant?", "abstract_raw": "Despite large population gains, political observers commonly refer to Latinos as a \u201csleeping giant\u201d because of low voter turnout. Conversely, steady declines in union membership have led some to label organized labor a \u201cdinosaur.\u201d Several unions have made special outreach efforts to Latinos to rebuild their ranks and improve Latino political participation. Incorporating insights from the Civic Voluntarism Model, we find union affiliation increases Latino voter registration and turnout, and disproportionately so in comparison with non-Latinos and in recent elections. We conclude that continued declines in union membership have significant implications for Latino political power and inequalities in political voice." }, { "paper": "2071162506", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "historic patent on embryonic stem cells faces scrutiny", "label": [ "2778272461", "2776050585" ], "author": [ "2133102182" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "opponents of the 2006 james thomson patent say that it should be thrown out based on the same logic that led the u s supreme court to rule out patents on human genes they are a product of nature even if this argument succeeds however many researchers say it won t have a big impact on stem cell work because so many labs are now using a different and more artificial technology induced pluripotent stem cells", "title_raw": "Historic Patent on Embryonic Stem Cells Faces Scrutiny", "abstract_raw": "Opponents of the 2006 James Thomson patent say that it should be thrown out based on the same logic that led the U.S. Supreme Court to rule out patents on human genes\u2014they are a product of nature. Even if this argument succeeds, however, many researchers say it won't have a big impact on stem cell work because so many labs are now using a different and more artificial technology\u2014induced pluripotent stem cells." }, { "paper": "1993408277", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2014", "title": "the militarization of childhood thinking beyond the global south", "label": [ "2778227311" ], "author": [ "278747408" ], "reference": [ "584925703", "2051708115" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Militarization of Childhood: Thinking Beyond the Global South", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1522239440", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2014", "title": "celebrity politics by mark wheeler", "label": [ "94625758", "199539241", "555826173", "90508534" ], "author": [ "1995860979" ], "reference": [ "112859681", "650814703", "1569077493", "1908862578", "2014762907", "2158293313" ], "abstract": "mark wheeler s 2013 celebrity politics distinguishes itself by considering the democratic potential of a phenomenon that most political communication and political science scholars have denigrate", "title_raw": "Celebrity Politics, by Mark Wheeler", "abstract_raw": "Mark Wheeler's (2013) Celebrity Politics distinguishes itself by considering the democratic potential of a phenomenon that most political communication and political science scholars have denigrate..." }, { "paper": "2111829634", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2014", "title": "the political resurrection of russian governors", "label": [ "555826173", "2776617737", "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2482549052" ], "reference": [ "357122092", "1601861983", "1966350904", "1980516735", "2014175119", "2081303728", "2083694138" ], "abstract": "elections for all 83 russian governors were reinstated in russia in 2012 seven years after they had been suspended the democratic reform coincided with renewed political activism in russia since december 2011 but the reform was as much a belated recognition of the shortcomings and failures from appointing russian governors pragmatic necessity and not democratic conversion was the determining factor based on the first elections in october 2012 the reform will have only a limited effect over the next few years on democratic change in russia at most placating liberal and regional demands while consolidating personal rule under putin", "title_raw": "The Political Resurrection of Russian Governors", "abstract_raw": "Elections for all 83 Russian governors were reinstated in Russia in 2012, seven years after they had been suspended. The democratic reform coincided with renewed political activism in Russia since December 2011, but the reform was as much a belated recognition of the shortcomings and failures from appointing Russian governors. Pragmatic necessity and not democratic conversion was the determining factor. Based on the first elections in October 2012, the reform will have only a limited effect over the next few years on democratic change in Russia, at most placating liberal and regional demands while consolidating personal rule under Putin." }, { "paper": "2142115108", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2014", "title": "gender equality in the ivory tower and how best to achieve it", "label": [ "34353579", "2779023502" ], "author": [ "2254215651", "2126872205", "2604697360", "349349250", "2319322170", "2132168594" ], "reference": [ "203320887", "269664377", "1659005211", "1971976460", "1990895094", "2003030150", "2048552384", "2061207705", "2100033882", "2117884924", "3143515237" ], "abstract": "both statistical and qualitative interview data confirm the on going existence of gender inequality within american academia with women both underrepresented and underpaid compared to their male counterparts surprisingly what is needed to remedy this situation is not a secret most of the policies outlined in this article as good workable solutions are programs that have been tested and described in more than one study indeed evidence suggests that when the nine strategies we identify here are fully implemented as they have been at a few colleges and universities the number of women on the faculty increases dramatically the fact that we do not adopt these policies more widely in academia suggests not a lack of knowledge so much as apathy prejudice gender stereotypes and cultural cues that end by depriving society of some of its best talent and energy", "title_raw": "Gender Equality in the Ivory Tower, and How Best to Achieve It", "abstract_raw": "Both statistical and qualitative interview data confirm the on-going existence of gender inequality within American academia, with women both underrepresented and underpaid compared to their male counterparts. Surprisingly, what is needed to remedy this situation is not a secret. Most of the policies outlined in this article as good workable solutions are programs that have been tested and described in more than one study. Indeed, evidence suggests that when the nine strategies we identify here are fully implemented, as they have been at a few colleges and universities, the number of women on the faculty increases dramatically. The fact that we do not adopt these policies more widely in academia suggests not a lack of knowledge so much as apathy, prejudice, gender stereotypes, and cultural cues that end by depriving society of some of its best talent and energy." }, { "paper": "2037111611", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2014", "title": "discouraging honorific authorship", "label": [ "199539241", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2104100963", "1981784093" ], "reference": [ "1546171873", "1872415695", "2034765382", "2074664406", "2084091192" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Discouraging honorific authorship", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2047420727", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2014", "title": "do public relations professionals understand corporate governance issues well enough to advise companies on stakeholder relationship management", "label": [ "2780257311", "195813598", "201305675", "2776058685", "39549134", "176239081" ], "author": [ "1716086826", "2101754449" ], "reference": [ "641072430", "1485977648", "1499806064", "1506450184", "1714723801", "1988211049", "1990345622", "2037930186", "2047735993", "2052767430", "2054325421", "2080247914", "2088398205", "2089087592", "2144100620", "2149010029", "2164946207", "2169632115", "2320954436", "2476759076", "3122264034", "3124595382" ], "abstract": "the king reports on governance for south africa are internationally respected for proposing integrated reporting in a triple bottom line business context to improve corporate governance the most recent report king iii views stakeholder relationship management as a key tenet of corporate governance this raises the question whether public relations professionals prps understand the principles of corporate governance well enough to inform and guide organizations on the management of stakeholder relationships the views of senior prps at selected top performing companies were elicited on their practice of stakeholder relationship management in line with corporate governance principles it was found that their knowledge on corporate governance was limited although they recognized its importance they propose six role functions for managing stakeholder relationships on a strategic or managerial level these role functions are aligned with the king iii principles on stakeholder relationships the following three were of particular importance developing a corporate strategy giving advice to senior management and managing crisis communication different terminologies were used to build relations with stakeholders and different approaches were used to profile stakeholders it is recommended that organizations leverage their public relations functions on strategic and managerial levels in support of their corporate governance efforts in turn prps are encouraged to ensure a deep knowledge on corporate governance issues when counseling senior management on building stakeholder relationships", "title_raw": "Do public relations professionals understand corporate governance issues well enough to advise companies on stakeholder relationship management", "abstract_raw": "The King Reports on Governance for South Africa are internationally respected for proposing integrated reporting in a triple bottom-line business context to improve corporate governance. The most recent report, King III, views stakeholder relationship management as a key tenet of corporate governance. This raises the question whether public relations professionals (PRPs) understand the principles of corporate governance well-enough to inform and guide organizations on the management of stakeholder relationships. The views of senior PRPs at selected top performing companies were elicited on their practice of stakeholder relationship management in line with corporate governance principles. It was found that their knowledge on corporate governance was limited, although they recognized its importance. They propose six role functions for managing stakeholder relationships on a strategic or managerial level; these role functions are aligned with the King III principles on stakeholder relationships. The following three were of particular importance: developing a corporate strategy, giving advice to senior management and managing crisis communication. Different terminologies were used to build relations with stakeholders and different approaches were used to profile stakeholders. It is recommended that organizations leverage their public relations functions on strategic and managerial levels in support of their corporate governance efforts. In turn, PRPs are encouraged to ensure a deep knowledge on corporate governance issues when counseling senior management on building stakeholder relationships." }, { "paper": "2334496859", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "campaign finance in local elections buying the grassroots by brian e adams boulder co first forum press lynne rienner publishers 2011 231p 65 00", "label": [ "2781188222", "3116431", "2780883770" ], "author": [ "2288531512" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Campaign Finance in Local Elections: Buying the Grassroots. By Brian E. Adams. Boulder, CO: First Forum Press, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2011. 231p. $65.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1988485931", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2014", "title": "war under transnational surveillance framing ambiguity and the politics of shame", "label": [ "199539241", "93377909", "55447825", "2780587575", "169437150", "94625758", "2778573023" ], "author": [ "59068258" ], "reference": [ "5116543", "28326876", "43443240", "46840467", "74635842", "149816874", "150111143", "218552491", "244624115", "266796868", "406677298", "571466005", "573824685", "577700156", "596996414", "598896330", "629107551", "631359452", "648796328", "653090840", "1487402839", "1500708800", "1502798522", "1503923094", "1510775367", "1512431408", "1521238622", "1533523662", "1540248999", "1551197491", "1565321128", "1567135854", "1573411160", "1577430189", "1600027596", "1601135641", "1670700989", "1813891059", "1868231082", "1919859838", "1973389699", "1982966970", "1983304731", "1985983141", "1986886662", "1990181525", "1993718078", "2000562850", "2004044918", "2011381076", "2023260382", "2024317190", "2026704878", "2032875594", "2034460403", "2036641047", "2046563990", "2046903821", "2049659106", "2054129954", "2055450158", "2055601682", "2061636643", "2068869385", "2069352116", "2070429396", "2079044947", "2083633156", "2092882334", "2095139256", "2102099651", "2102827369", "2105394121", "2106004122", "2107904961", "2108418737", "2109781560", "2123359946", "2124792609", "2125053158", "2125751647", "2130509526", "2134310663", "2134737143", "2141951587", "2142649016", "2142758169", "2143373190", "2146640314", "2150568847", "2152561570", "2156612524", "2161942246", "2165621384", "2170364214", "2171392401", "2250886915", "2479612798", "2499057331", "2505857556", "3108106860", "3125171709", "3125402186" ], "abstract": "naming and shaming those accused of abuse and misconduct is one of the most common strategies of transnational activists yet both qualitative and quantitative studies show that the policy and behavioural effects of naming and shaming are often contradictory named and shamed actors do respond at least partially by adjusting their policies and behaviour to some extent but the actions challenged publicly as human rights violations may not cease and can even become more widespread this ambivalent outcome is usually explained by the uneven capacity of the target to reform or by its strategic response to escape the consequences of naming and shaming by contrast i show that naming and shaming can be brought to a standstill when the frame used by transnational activists is ambiguous i trace the role of framing ambiguity during the human rights watch hrw naming and shaming campaigns against the israel defence force idf in the course of the july august 2006 israel hezbollah war lebanon war and the december 2008 january 2009 israel hamas war gaza war i argue that hrw s use of international humanitarian law ihl as a frame led to an argumentative deadlock frame implication contest this legal frame and the process of legal framing did genuinely constrain the idf affecting its operations and behaviour however the ambiguity of the frame also provided the idf with a range of material and ideational assets that gave it scope to claim that its actions were actually in conformity with applicable law and to justify continuing to use force in densely populated areas", "title_raw": "War under transnational surveillance : framing ambiguity and the politics of shame", "abstract_raw": "\u2018Naming and shaming\u2019 those accused of abuse and misconduct is one of the most common strategies of transnational activists. Yet both qualitative and quantitative studies show that the policy and behavioural effects of naming and shaming are often contradictory. Named and shamed actors do respond at least partially by adjusting their policies and behaviour to some extent, but the actions challenged publicly as human rights violations may not cease and can even become more widespread. This ambivalent outcome is usually explained by the uneven capacity of the target to reform or by its \u2018strategic\u2019 response to escape the consequences of naming and shaming. By contrast, I show that naming and shaming can be brought to a standstill when the frame used by transnational activists is ambiguous. I trace the role of framing ambiguity during the Human Rights Watch (HRW) \u2018naming and shaming\u2019 campaigns against the Israel Defence Force (IDF) in the course of the July\u2013August 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war (Lebanon war), and the December 2008\u2013January 2009 Israel-Hamas war (Gaza war). I argue that HRW's use of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) as a frame led to an argumentative deadlock (frame implication contest). This legal frame, and the process of legal framing, did genuinely constrain the IDF, affecting its operations and behaviour. However, the ambiguity of the frame also provided the IDF with a range of material and ideational assets that gave it scope to claim that its actions were actually in conformity with applicable law, and to justify continuing to use force in densely populated areas." }, { "paper": "2045055042", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "civilian casualties in afghanistan", "label": [ "203133693", "2780587734", "2775839188", "79165680" ], "author": [ "2341791055", "2303441720" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the monthly tally of civilian casualties in afghanistan traces the war9s grim trajectory thousands of afghan bystanders are killed and maimed each year in clashes between insurgents and the coalition military forces the ebb and flow of casualties reveal a worrying trend as the coalition troops withdraw from afghanistan the population is suffering ever greater losses these data released by the u k ministry of defence for a study conducted by neil shortland of the center for terrorism and security studies at the university of massachusetts lowell are now publicly available at http scim ag afghandata", "title_raw": "Civilian casualties in Afghanistan", "abstract_raw": "The monthly tally of civilian casualties in Afghanistan traces the war9s grim trajectory. Thousands of Afghan bystanders are killed and maimed each year in clashes between insurgents and the coalition military forces. The ebb and flow of casualties reveal a worrying trend: As the coalition troops withdraw from Afghanistan, the population is suffering ever greater losses. These data, released by the U.K. Ministry of Defence\u00a0for a study conducted by Neil Shortland of the Center for Terrorism and Security Studies at the\u00a0University of Massachusetts,\u00a0Lowell, are now publicly available at http://scim.ag/Afghandata." }, { "paper": "2055925509", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2014", "title": "gender politics and society in ukraine", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2315639124" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Gender, Politics, and Society in Ukraine", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3124381956", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2014", "title": "political devolution and resistance to foreign rule a natural experiment", "label": [ "137355542", "510578393", "521449643", "19185018", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1993236028", "2099222893" ], "reference": [ "43652359", "46354624", "177879470", "560597937", "565906388", "576214302", "594078397", "605769021", "606783974", "610780431", "618721227", "619270353", "1262835104", "1494769986", "1500760931", "1531629738", "1537287213", "1537363916", "1539903039", "1581388975", "1589981736", "1936809717", "1968763398", "1972478307", "1984280005", "1984760895", "1988276026", "1989909158", "1991633619", "1994371014", "2006785711", "2009595209", "2015109302", "2028558762", "2032591502", "2036518322", "2043781118", "2059297082", "2069889541", "2077008274", "2098644581", "2103350201", "2113441727", "2118852044", "2130466807", "2132575282", "2134280847", "2137256630", "2145411167", "2146016555", "2151780178", "2169484697", "2170902914", "2315554008", "2320206175", "2415657059", "2498067700", "3122812581", "3122958054", "3125367243" ], "abstract": "do foreign occupiers face less resistance when they increase the level of native governing authority although this is a central question within the literature on foreign occupation and insurgency it is difficult to answer because the relationship between resistance and political devolution is typically endogenous to address this issue we identify a natural experiment based on the locally arbitrary assignment of french municipalities into german or vichy governed zones during world war ii using a regression discontinuity design we conclude that devolving governing authority significantly lowered levels of resistance we argue that this effect is driven by a process of political cooptation domestic groups that were granted governing authority were less likely to engage in resistance activity while violent resistance was heightened in regions dominated by groups excluded from the governing regime this finding stands in contrast to work that primarily emphasizes structural factors or nationalist motivations for resistance", "title_raw": "Political Devolution and Resistance to Foreign Rule: A Natural Experiment", "abstract_raw": "Do foreign occupiers face less resistance when they increase the level of native governing authority? Although this is a central question within the literature on foreign occupation and insurgency, it is difficult to answer because the relationship between resistance and political devolution is typically endogenous. To address this issue, we identify a natural experiment based on the locally arbitrary assignment of French municipalities into German or Vichy-governed zones during World War II. Using a regression discontinuity design, we conclude that devolving governing authority significantly lowered levels of resistance. We argue that this effect is driven by a process of political cooptation: domestic groups that were granted governing authority were less likely to engage in resistance activity, while violent resistance was heightened in regions dominated by groups excluded from the governing regime. This finding stands in contrast to work that primarily emphasizes structural factors or nationalist motivations for resistance." }, { "paper": "1954477784", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2014", "title": "women in the club gender and policy making in the senate by michele l swers chicago il university of chicago press 2013 304 pp 30 00", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2043215149" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Women in the Club: Gender and Policy Making in the Senate by Michele L. Swers. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 2013. 304 pp. $30.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2158240724", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2014", "title": "u s aid and uneven development in east asia", "label": [ "201960208", "94625758", "531593650", "510578393", "2778165026", "76775654" ], "author": [ "2128103926" ], "reference": [ "282822448", "414172318", "589154992", "590806776", "606003653", "628743977", "1518781621", "1519026084", "1965033544", "1966042462", "1974184685", "1978277387", "1985210932", "2008401568", "2017802748", "2021141126", "2052202088", "2054573748", "2058143872", "2060707871", "2061759622", "2068915755", "2074366293", "2090984153", "2092183719", "2094207775", "2095247772", "2100493537", "2131131084", "2138623656", "2144822976", "2321286181", "2324988112", "2328358480", "2477257138", "2477461605", "2494410327", "2521450466", "2594265079", "2796849763", "2801599850", "3023721815", "3148385933" ], "abstract": "this article discusses the divergent developmental outcomes among postwar south korea taiwan and south vietnam while u s aid has correctly been identified as a key factor in the rapid postwar development of south korea and taiwan the failure of aid to establish strong institutions in south vietnam calls for a closer analysis of how different historical and geopolitical factors explain the greater political stability and institutional capacity of south korea and taiwan in particular the legacies of japanese colonialism are seen as having played a key role in establishing the strong developmental states of south korea and taiwan while the postcolonial south vietnamese state was more fragile as such there was greater political resistance to land reform in the latter and large amounts of u s economic and military aid were unable to quell domestic insurgency and establish the basis for economic development", "title_raw": "U.S. Aid and Uneven Development in East Asia", "abstract_raw": "This article discusses the divergent developmental outcomes among postwar South Korea, Taiwan, and South Vietnam. While U.S. aid has correctly been identified as a key factor in the rapid postwar development of South Korea and Taiwan, the failure of aid to establish strong institutions in South Vietnam calls for a closer analysis of how different historical and geopolitical factors explain the greater political stability and institutional capacity of South Korea and Taiwan. In particular, the legacies of Japanese colonialism are seen as having played a key role in establishing the strong developmental states of South Korea and Taiwan, while the postcolonial South Vietnamese state was more fragile. As such, there was greater political resistance to land reform in the latter, and large amounts of U.S. economic and military aid were unable to quell domestic insurgency and establish the basis for economic development." }, { "paper": "1992646294", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2014", "title": "eu swiss research on shaky ground", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "303834104" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "EU\u2013Swiss research on shaky ground", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2060431661", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "investments boost neurotechnology career prospects", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2722837491" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the past few years have seen some extraordinary activity in the neuroscience field high profile advances from the allen brain atlas to the brainbow mouse have injected an air of excitement into the study of the brain an atmosphere that has been amplified by big funding initiatives in the united states and abroad for budding neuroscientists it9s heady days at least if you9ve got a knack for technology development programming and engineering but it will take more than raw skill to land a job read the feature full text html read the feature pdf", "title_raw": "Investments Boost Neurotechnology Career Prospects", "abstract_raw": "The past few years have seen some extraordinary activity in the neuroscience field. High-profile advances, from the Allen Brain Atlas to the Brainbow mouse, have injected an air of excitement into the study of the brain\u2014an atmosphere that has been amplified by big funding initiatives in the United States and abroad. For budding neuroscientists, it9s heady days\u2014at least if you9ve got a knack for technology development, programming, and engineering. But it will take more than raw skill to land a job. Read the Feature (Full-Text HTML) Read the Feature (PDF)" }, { "paper": "3016372317", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2014", "title": "book review lawrence o gostin global health law harvard university press 2014 zweitpublikation bioethica forum 3 2014 s 114 115", "label": [ "199539241", "46578552" ], "author": [ "1932308277" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Lawrence O. Gostin, Global Health Law, Harvard University Press, 2014 (Zweitpublikation: Bioethica Forum 3/2014, S. 114-115)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2319503524", "venue": "44706263", "year": "2014", "title": "jurisdiction crime and development the impact of public law 280 in indian country", "label": [ "149209484", "2776949292", "2780262971", "2777632111", "177986884", "2780755764", "86432685" ], "author": [ "678653517", "31061688", "2313855332" ], "reference": [ "74099689", "1487607581", "1552507504", "1587226447", "1619583407", "1975397567", "1978854673", "1984524168", "1987064725", "2005852557", "2006914825", "2007212082", "2012145541", "2025610165", "2027992975", "2035554302", "2038233683", "2059215882", "2071402324", "2123828166", "2126941652", "2128223425", "2134246329", "2141166207", "2144357229", "2154697248", "2155639366", "2181462632", "2800737309", "2988039629", "3020979170", "3121260165", "3121522673", "3121830825", "3123848301", "3124391672", "3124538153", "3124965036", "3125496725", "3125710468", "3125850625", "3126027997" ], "abstract": "public law 280 transferred jurisdiction over criminal and civil matters from the federal to state governments and increased the extent of nontribal law enforcement in selected parts of indian country where enacted the law fundamentally altered the preexisting legal order public law 280 thus provides a unique opportunity to study the impact of legal institutions and their change on socioeconomic outcomes the law s controversial content has attracted interest from legal scholars however empirical studies of its impact are scarce and do not address the law s endogenous nature we examine the law s impact on crime and on economic development in u s counties with significant american indian reservation population to address the issue of selection of areas subject to public law 280 our empirical strategy draws on the law s politico historical context we find that the application of public law 280 increased crime and lowered incomes the law s adverse impact is robust and noteworthy in magnitude", "title_raw": "Jurisdiction, Crime, and Development: The Impact of Public Law 280 in Indian Country", "abstract_raw": "Public Law 280 transferred jurisdiction over criminal and civil matters from the federal to state governments and increased the extent of nontribal law enforcement in selected parts of Indian country. Where enacted, the law fundamentally altered the preexisting legal order. Public Law 280 thus provides a unique opportunity to study the impact of legal institutions and their change on socioeconomic outcomes. The law's controversial content has attracted interest from legal scholars. However, empirical studies of its impact are scarce and do not address the law's endogenous nature. We examine the law's impact on crime and on economic development in U.S. counties with significant American-Indian reservation population. To address the issue of selection of areas subject to Public Law 280, our empirical strategy draws on the law's politico-historical context. We find that the application of Public Law 280 increased crime and lowered incomes. The law's adverse impact is robust and noteworthy in magnitude." }, { "paper": "1988073725", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2014", "title": "managing ethnic diversity in russia", "label": [ "125209646" ], "author": [ "2163667166" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "managing ethnic diversity in russia routledge contemporary russia and eastern europe series by oleh protsyk benedikt harzl eds", "title_raw": "Managing Ethnic Diversity in Russia", "abstract_raw": "Managing Ethnic Diversity in Russia. Routledge Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe Series by Oleh Protsyk & Benedikt Harzl (eds.)" }, { "paper": "1971740330", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2014", "title": "climate summit previews push for new global treaty", "label": [ "2779010840" ], "author": [ "2075555418" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Climate summit previews push for new global treaty", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2072310372", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2014", "title": "worlds apart or a part of the world public relations issues and challenges in india", "label": [ "185874996", "39549134", "2780851881", "2777042776" ], "author": [ "2163295518", "2024004429" ], "reference": [ "567170113", "618701407", "1506312002", "1522304098", "1539641118", "1966510380", "1972153624", "1974350810", "2005664248", "2010800584", "2023037378", "2031757661", "2052303745", "2054539739", "2077788593", "2085073887", "2131319983", "2137580795", "2948586384", "3121461201" ], "abstract": "this study examines modern public relations in india investigating current issues trends and leadership in communication management using a survey of indian practitioners it compares public relations in india with global trends findings suggest that practice in india is interdependent and changing dynamically with global influences though a global local dialectic is clearly present country level differences are evident with development of human capital seen as the top issue in the region at the same time similar to other countries the industry in india is also dealing with issues of digitization and information flow struggling with measurement concerns and trying to stay on top of crisis management preparedness", "title_raw": "Worlds apart or a part of the world? Public relations issues and challenges in India", "abstract_raw": "This study examines modern public relations in India investigating current issues, trends and leadership in communication management. Using a survey of Indian practitioners, it compares public relations in India with global trends. Findings suggest that practice in India is interdependent and changing dynamically with global influences, though a global\ufffdlocal dialectic is clearly present. Country-level differences are evident with development of human capital seen as the top issue in the region. At the same time, similar to other countries, the industry in India is also dealing with issues of digitization and information flow, struggling with measurement concerns, and trying to stay on top of crisis management preparedness." }, { "paper": "1988723874", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2014", "title": "levels of linkage across agreement versus within agreement explanations of consensus formation among states", "label": [ "39549134", "51575053" ], "author": [ "2005572029", "2427070743" ], "reference": [ "1534816947", "1572076522", "1693360918", "1822348759", "1967502936", "1981719767", "1985027273", "2003847285", "2016382728", "2027826442", "2044963904", "2049463971", "2060433779", "2062663664", "2065642261", "2079766991", "2088490356", "2094647264", "2103527170", "2108935876", "2111714083", "2134558137", "2134631143", "2135497302", "2143099036", "2146458121", "2147070169", "2153031274", "2164540423", "2165722346", "2170527550", "2332729219", "3121539865", "3123631893" ], "abstract": "decisions in international institutions such as the european union eu are often made by consensus even when it is not required tit for tat exchanges provide an explanation for this phenomenon as such exchanges can help to build up support for agreements states might otherwise not have had an incentive to support tit for tat exchanges are typically analyzed as trades of support across agreements however we argue that the priority of negotiators to further their national and bureaucratic interests makes exchanges across micro level issues within a single proposal for agreement more prevalent than exchanges across agreements using both qualitative and quantitative analyses we show that such within agreement rather than cross agreement linkages are related to an increased likelihood of consensus across an array of different eu agreements to understand consensus in international institutions more broadly it is therefore necessary to look at the substantive issues at stake within each agreement", "title_raw": "Levels of Linkage: Across-Agreement versus Within-Agreement Explanations of Consensus Formation among States", "abstract_raw": "Decisions in international institutions such as the European Union (EU) are often made by consensus, even when it is not required. Tit-for-tat exchanges provide an explanation for this phenomenon, as such exchanges can help to build up support for agreements states might otherwise not have had an incentive to support. Tit-for-tat exchanges are typically analyzed as trades of support across agreements. However, we argue that the priority of negotiators to further their national and bureaucratic interests makes exchanges across micro-level issues within a single proposal for agreement more prevalent than exchanges across agreements. Using both qualitative and quantitative analyses, we show that such within-agreement, rather than cross-agreement, linkages are related to an increased likelihood of consensus across an array of different EU agreements. To understand consensus in international institutions, more broadly, it is therefore necessary to look at the substantive issues at stake within each agreement." }, { "paper": "2801539786", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2014", "title": "ackerman s civil rights revolution and modern american racial politics", "label": [ "2777244724", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2098450987" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ackerman's 'Civil Rights Revolution' and Modern American Racial Politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2092750817", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "tiananmen s bitter legacy", "label": [ "94625758", "148834064", "191935318", "555826173" ], "author": [ "1982451457" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the bloody crackdown on intellectuals in tiananmen square on 3 and 4 june 1989 left a lasting impact on chinese science the years leading up to the tiananmen protests had been ones of remarkable openness with debates breaking out over the relationship between scientific development and political reform in the repression that followed tiananmen dissident scientists were punished and some fled china thousands of chinese scientists who were overseas in 1989 never returned while the chinese government is now aggressively wooing back those scientists including those who were involved in the protests some say that the culture of chinese science has shifted", "title_raw": "Tiananmen's bitter legacy", "abstract_raw": "The bloody crackdown on intellectuals in Tiananmen Square on 3 and 4 June 1989 left a lasting impact on Chinese science. The years leading up to the Tiananmen protests had been ones of remarkable openness, with debates breaking out over the relationship between scientific development and political reform. In the repression that followed Tiananmen, dissident scientists were punished, and some fled China. Thousands of Chinese scientists who were overseas in 1989 never returned. While the Chinese government is now aggressively wooing back those scientists\u2014including those who were involved in the protests\u2014some say that the culture of Chinese science has shifted." }, { "paper": "2104913729", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2014", "title": "does election day weather affect voter turnout evidence from swedish elections", "label": [ "2779838221", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2251675719", "2087854937", "1928060924" ], "reference": [ "1550821671", "1596149372", "2018037458", "2018568445", "2037572137", "2037668165", "2048544399", "2055985676", "2090450456", "2090799431", "2095618201", "2098072518", "2103713232", "2112987370", "2117251752", "2117318745", "2119171649", "2130526934", "2146682294", "2165860467", "2165938089", "2239471341", "2751753487", "3121991584" ], "abstract": "does rainfall during the election day reduce voter turnout previous research shows that in the us one inch of rain reduces turnout with about one percentage point we turn to the swedish context in order to test whether rainfall on election day have the same impact in a high turnout context we move beyond previous research by testing the impact of gis interpolated rainfall on three different datasets that allows us to view the issue both from a wide time frame as well as with high precision as for turnout measures a aggregate turnout data for sweden s 290 municipalities b individual level data from the swedish national election study and c data from a register based survey on voter turnout in none of the three datasets do we find robust negative effects of rain", "title_raw": "Does Election Day weather affect voter turnout? Evidence from Swedish elections", "abstract_raw": "Does rainfall during the Election Day reduce voter turnout? Previous research shows that in the US one inch of rain reduces turnout with about one percentage point. We turn to the Swedish context in order to test whether rainfall on Election Day have the same impact in a high turnout context. We move beyond previous research by testing the impact of GIS-interpolated rainfall on three different datasets that allows us to view the issue both from a wide time frame as well as with high precision as for turnout measures: (a) aggregate turnout data for Sweden's 290 municipalities, (b) individual level data from the Swedish National Election Study and (c) data from a register-based survey on voter turnout. In none of the three datasets do we find robust negative effects of rain." }, { "paper": "2115221443", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2014", "title": "opinion climates and immigrant political action", "label": [ "81307892", "90508534", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2140840714", "2147750201" ], "reference": [ "48805458", "67740109", "151758976", "336815429", "394954687", "573809769", "582078089", "597236611", "603900553", "603951446", "611144879", "645669606", "648785792", "654282502", "1481552200", "1493066239", "1493426459", "1498517417", "1505352730", "1512244446", "1520289698", "1531229169", "1533654221", "1558484812", "1566916955", "1574895500", "1575047899", "1576678603", "1586508260", "1587861179", "1592263067", "1833042173", "1840218356", "1968327343", "1968521523", "1968926912", "1969951741", "1971834327", "1973357217", "1978891159", "1980132109", "1983878267", "1985737300", "1992657404", "2000876528", "2004348650", "2004555851", "2005125425", "2005456047", "2011283797", "2013104401", "2014507899", "2016156754", "2023777287", "2025579973", "2027480688", "2028697698", "2029425540", "2029546596", "2031186147", "2031340404", "2035381879", "2035534527", "2036253229", "2038631063", "2039316014", "2040365606", "2045442286", "2047661309", "2048612958", "2048693272", "2058427515", "2061340678", "2066082915", "2069575083", "2074853395", "2077015662", "2078920497", "2080289065", "2084003806", "2087924629", "2089558067", "2090808058", "2093143562", "2093368401", "2099668057", "2103560939", "2104240294", "2105371144", "2107719281", "2113470356", "2113541125", "2114695635", "2115273927", "2115684453", "2115693692", "2116019190", "2116063928", "2117969765", "2120440585", "2121940552", "2123621480", "2124603853", "2127330459", "2128074128", "2128317357", "2136158713", "2136408129", "2137735723", "2138057253", "2139413070", "2139415103", "2140378185", "2141935645", "2143875124", "2148049095", "2152025942", "2152593065", "2163539920", "2167121898", "2170021648", "2193983525", "2200010996", "2304361434", "2331152014", "2333142274", "2333249643", "2335874631", "2345077215", "2477878387", "2482096056", "2485330557", "2488663465", "2500678239", "2502759027", "2507094194", "2607379163", "2797816625", "3021830481", "3081949511", "3107777251" ], "abstract": "this paper develops a model of immigrant political action that connects individual motivations to become politically involved with the macro social context in which participation takes place it posits that a country s opinion climate in the form of hostility or openness toward immigrants shapes the opportunity structure for immigrant political engagement by contributing to the social costs and political benefits of participation i argue that a friendly opinion climate toward immigrants enables political action among immigrants generally and facilitates the politicization of political discontent specifically using survey data collected as part of the european social survey ess between 2002 06 in 20 european democracies the analyses reveal that a positive opinion climate increases immigrant political engagement and this effect is particularly strong among immigrants dissatisfied with the workings of the political system however the results also suggest that this effect is limited to uninstitutionalized political action and that the opinion climate has no observable impact on participation in institutionalized politics", "title_raw": "Opinion Climates and Immigrant Political Action", "abstract_raw": "This paper develops a model of immigrant political action that connects individual motivations to become politically involved with the macro-social context in which participation takes place. It posits that a country\u201fs opinion climate in the form of hostility or openness toward immigrants shapes the opportunity structure for immigrant political engagement by contributing to the social costs and political benefits of participation. I argue that a friendly opinion climate toward immigrants enables political action among immigrants generally, and facilitates the politicization of political discontent specifically. Using survey data collected as part of the European Social Survey (ESS) between 2002-06 in 20 European democracies, the analyses reveal that a positive opinion climate increases immigrant political engagement, and this effect is particularly strong among immigrants dissatisfied with the workings of the political system. However, the results also suggest that this effect is limited to uninstitutionalized political action, and that the opinion climate has no observable impact on participation in institutionalized politics." }, { "paper": "2036511688", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2014", "title": "the kosova liberation army underground war to balkan insurgency 1948 2001", "label": [ "510578393", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1982979816" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "james pettifer s latest book provides a detailed account of the underground albanian movement s that rose in opposition to socialist yugoslavia the book traces the origins development and transf", "title_raw": "The Kosova Liberation Army. Underground War to Balkan Insurgency, 1948\u20132001", "abstract_raw": "James Pettifer's latest book provides a detailed account of the underground Albanian movement(s) that rose in opposition to socialist Yugoslavia. The book traces the origins, development and transf..." }, { "paper": "2063924907", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2014", "title": "the architecture of the electoral college the house size effect and the referendum paradox", "label": [ "197487636", "2777897930", "2780849931", "3116431", "2776398702", "2781462389", "20871130", "2778337684", "61267812" ], "author": [ "1932613894", "2253255218", "1736865255" ], "reference": [ "1729957934", "1989662298", "2002688448", "2082420718", "2085212867", "2106031097", "2152978068" ], "abstract": "abstract using data from u s presidential elections we show how seemingly insignificant changes to what we call the architecture of the electoral college can cause different candidates to be elected president even when no one changes how they vote we consider varying the size of the house of representatives the method of apportionment the number of senate electoral votes cast by each state and the lower bound on the number of house electoral votes cast by each state we consider in particular elections with a referendum paradox in these elections the electoral vote winner is not the popular vote winner our work extends neubauer and zeitlin 2003 who analyzed the case of the 2000 election we give an explanation for the effects that we observe in the data", "title_raw": "The architecture of the Electoral College, the House size effect, and the referendum paradox", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Using data from U.S. presidential elections, we show how seemingly insignificant changes to what we call the \u201carchitecture\u201d of the Electoral College can cause different candidates to be elected President, even when no one changes how they vote. We consider varying the size of the House of Representatives, the method of apportionment, the number of \u201cSenate\u201d electoral votes cast by each state, and the lower bound on the number of \u201cHouse\u201d electoral votes cast by each state. We consider, in particular, elections with a \u201creferendum paradox\u201d. In these elections, the electoral vote winner is not the popular vote winner. Our work extends Neubauer and Zeitlin (2003) who analyzed the case of the 2000 election. We give an explanation for the effects that we observe in the data." }, { "paper": "2151535894", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2014", "title": "reform on my terms partisan and ideological responses to a corruption scandal", "label": [ "201342494", "158071213", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1967446100" ], "reference": [ "202861739", "563897759", "569398357", "574777937", "576560874", "589335180", "1530282654", "1992096637", "1993489270", "1998494729", "2037927976", "2094647264", "2099334840", "2171358935" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reform on My Terms: Partisan and Ideological Responses to a Corruption Scandal", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2005095317", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2014", "title": "done making do 1 party rule ends in malaysia by ooi kee beng", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2102838573" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Done making do: 1 party rule ends in Malaysia, by Ooi Kee Beng", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2780845298", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2014", "title": "review of the tallinn manual on the international law applicable to cyber warfare michael n schmitt ed 2013", "label": [ "199539241", "55447825", "171769113" ], "author": [ "2077976574" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of The Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare (Michael N. Schmitt ed., 2013)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2587972553", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2014", "title": "the impact of participatory democracy evidence from brazil s national public policy conferences", "label": [ "3116431", "109986646" ], "author": [ "2444183632", "1971054660" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The impact of participatory democracy: Evidence from Brazil's National Public Policy Conferences", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2094971496", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2014", "title": "time for a revolution in reporting of global health data", "label": [ "46578552" ], "author": [ "2170056299" ], "reference": [ "1983038970", "2024612697", "2055156413", "2071193867", "2071612615", "2093908438", "2128886090", "2133182373", "2155918319", "2917195474" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Time for a revolution in reporting of global health data", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2164206171", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2014", "title": "conflicting commitments the politics of enforcing immigrant worker rights in san jose and houston", "label": [ "70036468", "199539241", "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2110165162" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Conflicting Commitments: The Politics of Enforcing Immigrant Worker Rights in San Jose and Houston", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2015394397", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "mapmakers and navigators facts and values", "label": [ "2780224610", "123587114" ], "author": [ "259648431", "1970203652" ], "reference": [ "1593159739" ], "abstract": "discussion around the spm approval process has been ill framed raising questions of scientific credibility although changes were made during the government approval process author involvement preserved consistency with the science in the underlying report even if scientists desired more far reaching consensus in some areas the government approved spm remains scientifically credible the underlying report and technical summary were unaffected by changes made during spm approval the report provides a living map drawn in a social learning process between scientists mapmakers and policy makers navigators to be used to traverse the largely unknown territory of climate policy the spm successfully provides a comprehensive policy relevant assessment of mitigation pathways to alternative climate goals in terms of underlying technological economic and institutional requirements this was the key expectation for the wgiii report but the approval process also revealed limitations of the ipcc in processing scientific knowledge with immediate relevance for negotiations in particular ex post assessment of progress made to date in climate change mitigation efforts government concerns over the grouping of countries arose despite major efforts to provide a balanced assessment the spm section on emission trends and drivers that entered the approval plenary offered more analytical perspectives than any prior wgiii assessment as is common scientific practice countries were grouped in different ways depending on the question assessed the spm focused on why emissions have been growing as countries develop and how these patterns have shifted over time the income based classification was selected for its scientific merits to provide statistically robust insights and was subsequently used to analyze historic emission trajectories from multiple perspectives the fear of some governments presumably was that approval of any country classification other than that currently used under the unfccc could be disadvantageous in upcoming negotiations for a new international climate regime but traditional unfccc classifications annex i versus non annex i are not useful for scientific questions of the type considered in the spm because they show too much variation for insightful analysis in the end neither income based nor any other alternative classification used in the underlying report was acceptable to all governments thus figures and associated text had to be removed from the spm figure 1 attributing co2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion based on sites of production as compared with sites of consumption emissions embodied in traded products have increased dramatically since 1990 with high income countries net importing all others net exporting groups based on world bank 2013 country income classification modified from figures ts 5 and 1 5 1 2 discussions on historic emission trends and drivers were part of a broader conflict over material that could be related to past performance of countries or regions in mitigating climate change such ex post analyses of international climate policies received new importance in the ar5 as the first commitment period of the kyoto protocol came to a close during the report cycle yet what remains in the spm on the topic of international cooperation is limited to factual statements describing the status quo without any critical ex post evaluation of these policies in our view a reasonable summary of ex post policy analysis that considers different evaluation criteria is advantageous for negotiations scientific concepts required for ex post policy evaluation as such do not have legal implications nor should they predetermine future negotiations legal consequences require explicit reference to ethical norms like responsibility capacity or burden sharing during the berlin approval session government parties to the ipcc failed to agree on a reasonable way to analytically distinguish scientific analysis from potential political and legal interpretations the spm thus lost a valuable evaluation of policy performance that could have allowed for an informed reasonable debate on mitigation one notable exception was the characterization of climate change as a global commons problem the question of how the ipcc can provide ex post evaluation of climate policies in a spm which is approved line by line will not dissolve after the ar5 as new mitigation policies are implemented over time ex post evaluation of policies will become an increasingly important component of future ipcc reports the main challenge for the future of the ipcc is not one of organization and procedures the real challenge is how the ipcc conducts assessments and deals with entanglement of facts and values at the science policy interface nevertheless factual and normative statements can usually be analytically distinguished the spm sections on framing and ethics and the underlying framing chapters novel in the ipcc offer a first blueprint for rationally discussing value judgments that often accompany scientific concepts and different perspectives presenting alternative pathways in ex ante analyses and multiple perspectives in ex post analyses is key if the ipcc wants to present meaningful assessments of human response options to climate change in the future 3 trade drives emissions embodied in products from the rest of the world to high income countries as at long beach california usa photo rick friedman rickfriedman com corbis acknowledgment that a rational debate of facts and values is possible lies at the heart of any relevant assessment this enlightened approach came under attack in berlin the ipcc has a choice either run the risk of becoming less and less policy relevant or find a way for ex post assessment of climate policies to be clearly presented in government approved summary documents this should be done on the basis of clear understanding of legitimate roles of scientists as mapmakers and policy makers as navigators from such common understanding the ipcc can further inform international climate policy without prescribing and predetermining future negotiations how to further develop the art of assessment making should be at the heart of the ongoing discussions on the future of the ipcc 1 4 1 o edenhofer 2 et al ipcc wg iii climate change 2014 mitigation of climate change working group iii contribution to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change o edenhofer et al eds cambridge univ press cambridge 2014 mitigation2014 org 5 1 pending yes 2 ref 1 3 embed graphic 2 gif 4 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 5 http mitigation2014 org", "title_raw": "Mapmakers and navigators, facts and values", "abstract_raw": "Discussion around the SPM approval process has been ill-framed, raising questions of scientific credibility. Although changes were made during the government approval process, author involvement preserved consistency with the science in the underlying report. Even if scientists desired more far-reaching consensus in some areas, the government-approved SPM remains scientifically credible. The underlying report and Technical Summary were unaffected by changes made during SPM approval. The report provides a \u201cliving map,\u201d drawn in a social learning process between scientists (mapmakers) and policy-makers (navigators), to be used to traverse the largely unknown territory of climate policy.\n\nThe SPM successfully provides a comprehensive, policy-relevant assessment of mitigation pathways to alternative climate goals in terms of underlying technological, economic, and institutional requirements. This was the key expectation for the WGIII report. But the approval process also revealed limitations of the IPCC in processing scientific knowledge with immediate relevance for negotiations, in particular, ex post assessment of progress made to date in climate change mitigation efforts.\n\nGovernment concerns over the grouping of countries arose despite major efforts to provide a balanced assessment: The SPM section on emission trends and drivers that entered the approval plenary offered more analytical perspectives than any prior WGIII assessment. As is common scientific practice, countries were grouped in different ways depending on the question assessed. The SPM focused on why emissions have been growing as countries develop and how these patterns have shifted over time. The income-based classification was selected for its scientific merits to provide statistically robust insights and was subsequently used to analyze historic emission trajectories from multiple perspectives.\n\nThe fear of some governments, presumably, was that approval of any country classification other than that currently used under the UNFCCC could be disadvantageous in upcoming negotiations for a new international climate regime. But traditional UNFCCC classifications (Annex I versus non\u2013Annex I) are not useful for scientific questions of the type considered in the SPM, because they show too much variation for insightful analysis. In the end, neither income-based nor any other alternative classification used in the underlying report was acceptable to all governments. Thus, figures and associated text had to be removed from the SPM.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\nAttributing CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion based on sites of production as compared with sites of consumption.\nEmissions \u201cembodied\u201d in traded products have increased dramatically since 1990, with high-income countries net importing, all others net exporting. Groups based on World Bank 2013 country income classification. [Modified from figures TS.5 and 1.5 ([ 1 ][2])].\n\n\n\nDiscussions on historic emission trends and drivers were part of a broader conflict over material that could be related to past performance of countries or regions in mitigating climate change. Such ex post analyses of international climate policies received new importance in the AR5, as the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol came to a close during the report cycle. Yet what remains in the SPM on the topic of international cooperation is limited to factual statements describing the status quo without any critical ex post evaluation of these policies. In our view, a reasonable summary of ex post policy analysis that considers different evaluation criteria is advantageous for negotiations.\n\nScientific concepts required for ex post policy evaluation as such do not have legal implications, nor should they predetermine future negotiations. Legal consequences require explicit reference to ethical norms like responsibility, capacity, or burden-sharing. During the Berlin approval session, government parties to the IPCC failed to agree on a reasonable way to analytically distinguish scientific analysis from potential political and legal interpretations. The SPM thus lost a valuable evaluation of policy performance that could have allowed for an informed, reasonable debate on mitigation. One notable exception was the characterization of climate change as a global commons problem.\n\nThe question of how the IPCC can provide ex post evaluation of climate policies in a SPM, which is approved line by line, will not dissolve after the AR5. As new mitigation policies are implemented over time, ex post evaluation of policies will become an increasingly important component of future IPCC reports.\n\nThe main challenge for the future of the IPCC is not one of organization and procedures. The real challenge is how the IPCC conducts assessments and deals with entanglement of facts and values at the science-policy interface. Nevertheless, factual and normative statements can usually be analytically distinguished. The SPM sections on framing and ethics and the underlying framing chapters, novel in the IPCC, offer a first blueprint for rationally discussing value judgments that often accompany scientific concepts and different perspectives. Presenting alternative pathways in ex ante analyses and multiple perspectives in ex post analyses is key if the IPCC wants to present meaningful assessments of human response options to climate change in the future.\n\n ![][3] \n\nTrade drives emissions \u201cembodied\u201d in products from the rest of the world to high-income countries, as at Long Beach, California, USA.\n\nPHOTO: RICK FRIEDMAN/RICKFRIEDMAN.COM/CORBIS\n\nAcknowledgment that a rational debate of facts and values is possible lies at the heart of any relevant assessment. This enlightened approach came under attack in Berlin. The IPCC has a choice: Either run the risk of becoming less and less policy-relevant or find a way for ex post assessment of climate policies to be clearly presented in government-approved summary documents. This should be done on the basis of clear understanding of legitimate roles of scientists as mapmakers and policy-makers as navigators. From such common understanding, the IPCC can further inform international climate policy without prescribing and predetermining future negotiations. How to further develop the art of assessment making should be at the heart of the ongoing discussions on the future of the IPCC.\n\n1. [\u21b5][4]1. O Edenhofer 2. et al\n IPCC WG III, Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change: Working Group III Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, O Edenhofer et al., Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2014); [mitigation2014.org][5].\n\n [1]: pending:yes\n [2]: #ref-1\n [3]: /embed/graphic-2.gif\n [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1 in text\"\n [5]: http://mitigation2014.org" }, { "paper": "2194875692", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2014", "title": "praxis changing world changing self", "label": [ "3116431", "2777122596" ], "author": [ "2144000040" ], "reference": [ "1985338655", "1987306142", "2000916272", "2145274709" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Praxis: changing world, changing self", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3125163390", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2014", "title": "reassessing collective petitioning in rural china civic engagement extra state violence and regional variation", "label": [ "191935318", "2776398702", "2780526558", "2777932401", "2776431611" ], "author": [ "2561198656", "2166090302", "2696880789", "3125355521" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reassessing collective petitioning in rural China: Civic engagement, extra-state violence, and regional variation", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2095115165", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2014", "title": "time for universal provision of take home naloxone", "label": [ "2779503283" ], "author": [ "151487817", "2633588950" ], "reference": [ "1968086599", "1979466410", "2050390337", "2070896222", "2110340335" ], "abstract": "1 united nations department of economic and social aff airs population division world population prospects the 2012 revision http esa un org unpd wpp index htm accessed july 3 2014 2 united nations the millennium development goals report 2014 http mdgs un org unsd mdg default aspx accessed july 7 2014 3 united nations department of economic and social aff airs population division model based estimates and projections of family planning indicators 2014 new york united nations http www un org en development desa population theme family planning cp model shtml accessed july 7 2014 figure population receiving selected health services in sub saharan africa in 1990 and 2012 sub saharan africa includes all of africa except northern africa sudan is included in sub saharan africa data are from references 2 and 3 and author calculations based on reference 1 mwra married or in union women of reproductive age 48 50", "title_raw": "Time for universal provision of take-home naloxone.", "abstract_raw": "1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Aff airs, Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm (accessed July 3, 2014). 2 United Nations. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014. http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/ mdg/Default.aspx (accessed July 7, 2014). 3 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Aff airs, Population Division. Model-based Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators 2014. New York: United Nations. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/ population/theme/family-planning/cp_model. shtml (accessed July 7, 2014). Figure: Population receiving selected health services in sub-Saharan Africa in 1990 and 2012 Sub-Saharan Africa includes all of Africa except northern Africa; Sudan is included in sub-Saharan Africa. Data are from references 2 and 3 and author calculations based on reference 1. MWRA=married or in-union women of reproductive age. 48% 50%" }, { "paper": "2111581399", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2014", "title": "party responsiveness to the collective judgment of the electorate the case of presidential popularity in latin america", "label": [ "3116431", "134698397", "158886217", "520049643", "2780668109", "2780586970", "197487636", "2776007630" ], "author": [ "2735481562" ], "reference": [ "365669244", "1484266810", "1498566560", "1502532850", "1518784588", "1795032538", "1968861593", "1971759615", "1978083297", "1983221152", "1989338385", "1992224709", "1995128473", "2002039268", "2005616341", "2010872097", "2029129255", "2036295432", "2042322489", "2045509200", "2047011261", "2050422344", "2056720499", "2061413316", "2063236012", "2082906769", "2097908050", "2101398538", "2103295911", "2107629008", "2115074743", "2124378400", "2133204953", "2141821474", "2145008424", "2150796138", "2154825321", "2159744011", "2160473357", "2164540423", "2316539943", "2322912595", "2496653799", "2505718944", "3142308518" ], "abstract": "studies on retrospective voting argue that voters under presidentialism tend to assign co responsibility for the president s performance to her party in congressional elections however it is not uncommon for presidential parties to distance themselves from an unpopular president or for opposition parties to cooperate with a popular president in doing so parties can signal to voters that they side with a popular or against an unpopular president yet little is known about whether this strategic behavior has electoral payoffs this study proposes a popularity response model where parties electoral outcomes are a product of how they respond to public opinion on the president i hypothesize that parties defecting from an unpopular president or cooperating with a popular president minimize electoral losses and obtain a further electoral boost analysis using an original dataset coding issue congruence between presidents and parties prior to 35 elections in 18 latin american countries supports this claim", "title_raw": "Party Responsiveness to the Collective Judgment of the Electorate The Case of Presidential Popularity in Latin America", "abstract_raw": "Studies on retrospective voting argue that voters under presidentialism tend to assign co-responsibility for the president\u2019s performance to her party in congressional elections. However, it is not uncommon for presidential parties to distance themselves from an unpopular president or for opposition parties to cooperate with a popular president. In doing so, parties can signal to voters that they side with a popular (or against an unpopular) president. Yet little is known about whether this strategic behavior has electoral payoffs. This study proposes a popularity-response model, where parties\u2019 electoral outcomes are a product of how they respond to public opinion on the president. I hypothesize that parties defecting from an unpopular president (or cooperating with a popular president) minimize electoral losses and obtain a further electoral boost. Analysis using an original dataset coding issue congruence between presidents and parties prior to 35 elections in 18 Latin American countries supports this claim." }, { "paper": "2043557369", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2014", "title": "unfairness in access to higher education a 11 year comparison of grade inflation by private and public secondary schools in portugal", "label": [ "120912362", "2780623907", "2777597347", "2781463719" ], "author": [ "1951433337", "2587444171", "2168265431" ], "reference": [ "149593967", "160150260", "587118033", "631334820", "1507050728", "1523437445", "1529126058", "1763279941", "1966644705", "1966865225", "1968154350", "1972253660", "1973420336", "1978590134", "1979110395", "1984378274", "1984942329", "1992205683", "2001452465", "2005413633", "2021610003", "2026191677", "2027773487", "2035649428", "2039698945", "2051576146", "2055811307", "2076221593", "2077548331", "2086529906", "2088131786", "2089310925", "2089380615", "2090497362", "2092495312", "2092612208", "2102274116", "2102458100", "2116071098", "2131478066", "2138715217", "2142494876", "2144157189", "2149538578", "2149540751", "2167107823", "2167870969", "2183931468", "2236165653", "2249301623", "2255289255", "2328018385", "3124154691" ], "abstract": "fairness in access to he is unarguably a subject of paramount importance wherever a student s secondary school scores are relevant for access to he grade inflation practices may jeopardize fair access pressures for high grading are common in the context of educational consumerism and competition between schools and students however they are not equally distributed across different types of schools given that they have distinct relationships with the state and the market and work with distinct populations specifically the schools that are more subject to market pressures namely private schools are in principle at least the ones with more incentives to inflate their students grades this paper presents an empirical study based on a large 11 years database on scores in upper secondary education in portugal probing for systematic differences in grade inflation practices by four types of schools public schools government dependent private schools independent fee paying private schools and specially funded public schools in disadvantaged areas teip schools more than 3 million valid cases were analysed our results clearly show that independent private schools inflate their students scores when compared to the other types of schools they also show that this discrepancy is higher where scores matter most in competition for he access this means that usually wealthier students from private independent schools benefit from an unfair advantage in the competition for the scarce places available in public higher education we conclude discussing possible solutions to deal with such an important issue", "title_raw": "Unfairness in access to higher education: a 11 year comparison of grade inflation by private and public secondary schools in Portugal", "abstract_raw": "Fairness in access to HE is unarguably a subject of paramount importance. Wherever a student\u2019s secondary school scores are relevant for access to HE, grade inflation practices may jeopardize fair access. Pressures for high grading are common in the context of educational consumerism and competition between schools and students. However, they are not equally distributed across different types of schools, given that they have distinct relationships with the State and the market, and work with distinct populations. Specifically, the schools that are more subject to market pressures (namely private schools) are, in principle at least, the ones with more incentives to inflate their students\u2019 grades. This paper presents an empirical study based on a large, 11 years database on scores in upper secondary education in Portugal, probing for systematic differences in grade inflation practices by four types of schools: public schools, government-dependent private schools, independent (fee-paying) private schools, and specially funded public schools in disadvantaged areas (TEIP schools). More than 3 million valid cases were analysed. Our results clearly show that independent private schools inflate their students\u2019 scores when compared to the other types of schools. They also show that this discrepancy is higher where scores matter most in competition for HE access. This means that\u2014usually wealthier\u2014students from private independent schools benefit from an unfair advantage in the competition for the scarce places available in public higher education. We conclude discussing possible solutions to deal with such an important issue." }, { "paper": "1998120493", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2014", "title": "the 2011 presidential and legislative elections in nicaragua", "label": [ "197487636", "59742305", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2233443210" ], "reference": [ "1965899135", "2008673137", "3021878299" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The 2011 presidential and legislative elections in Nicaragua", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2104036139", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2014", "title": "advances in public opinion and policy attitudes research", "label": [ "39549134", "134698397", "2775987171" ], "author": [ "2141017528", "2571920424" ], "reference": [ "178177854", "1480024188", "1514105086", "1534848160", "1548877787", "1555715197", "1577420910", "1670568676", "1673067848", "1892751358", "1894682158", "1949770940", "1963371287", "1965187153", "1970393007", "1981884048", "2011544416", "2012385627", "2018550002", "2018678655", "2020731668", "2023555710", "2028605204", "2030894987", "2042809507", "2055231876", "2061030566", "2066903175", "2067516463", "2073354201", "2079839135", "2083691097", "2094922183", "2097060330", "2097098391", "2102812608", "2105500732", "2107715658", "2116476895", "2118546889", "2120694572", "2122369144", "2124751389", "2124881953", "2125174947", "2126952774", "2126990876", "2128082596", "2128106636", "2130178778", "2136669557", "2139541809", "2140186016", "2141890388", "2145089951", "2147788781", "2152040443", "2154187722", "2155979339", "2156781764", "2158528297", "2160902753", "2163753217", "2168470252", "2168591374", "2170200593", "2170313275", "2170601905", "2224523457", "2278470944", "2313063634", "2314878607", "2314972133", "2315688625", "2327795576", "3121168054", "3121221852", "3121565034", "3122398177", "3123570947", "3124069454", "3124105495", "3124321814", "3125201229" ], "abstract": "there has been much advancement in the field of public opinion research in the past few years particularly with respect to the formation of policy attitudes in response to elite rhetoric the translation of policy information into attitudes and the biological foundations of policy attitudes much of the progress made in these areas of study can be attributed to the increased use of innovative experimental methods and new data sources nonetheless unresolved issues persist such as whether there is an identifiable genetic basis of policy attitudes and the extent to which cultural versus partisan orientations drive opinions this review will discuss both new findings in the field and identify areas that require further research", "title_raw": "Advances in Public Opinion and Policy Attitudes Research", "abstract_raw": "There has been much advancement in the field of public opinion research in the past few years, particularly with respect to the formation of policy attitudes in response to elite rhetoric, the translation of policy information into attitudes, and the biological foundations of policy attitudes. Much of the progress made in these areas of study can be attributed to the increased use of innovative, experimental methods and new data sources. Nonetheless, unresolved issues persist, such as whether there is an identifiable genetic basis of policy attitudes and the extent to which cultural versus partisan orientations drive opinions. This review will discuss both new findings in the field and identify areas that require further research." }, { "paper": "3121373249", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2014", "title": "organizational history and budgetary punctuation", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2613578792", "2801602560", "2645559741" ], "reference": [ "411324140", "610590659", "654360903", "1449431102", "1506956137", "2003478879", "2058305429", "2062962096", "2079089981", "2090196252", "2104300977", "2114500511", "2115385361", "3125554979", "3125937743" ], "abstract": "the basic dynamics of punctuated policy change have been found to be present in a wide variety of political institutions from a range of countries the presence even commonality of punctuated change has been clearly and persuasively demonstrated a key challenge in the literature is now to identify the conditions and institutional arrangements that make punctuated change more likely this article investigates the role of organizational history in punctuated budgetary change an error accumulation model of punctuation suggested by the institutional friction framework contends that budgetary punctuation results from a built up need for budgetary change that had been prevented by slow moving institutions the need builds up until the institutions give way in the form of a budgetary punctuation this explanation suggests that the probability of a punctuation in a given year is negatively related to having experienced such a punctuation in previous years an alternative model which we will call the institutional model contends that the propensity for budgetary punctuation is endemic to specific organizations these organizations possess inherent characteristics that predispose them to punctuated change the institutional model suggests that the probability of a punctuation occurring in a given year is positively related to the organization having experienced such a punctuation in previous years the article uses data from texas public school districts during an 18 year period to test these competing models of policy punctuation the results indicate that recent punctuated changes raise the probability of additional punctuated changes supporting the institutional hypothesis", "title_raw": "Organizational History and Budgetary Punctuation", "abstract_raw": "The basic dynamics of punctuated policy change have been found to be present in a wide variety of political institutions from a range of countries. The presence\u2014even commonality\u2014 of punctuated change has been clearly and persuasively demonstrated. A key challenge in the literature is now to identify the conditions and institutional arrangements that make punctuated change more likely. This article investigates the role of organizational history in punctuated budgetary change. An error-accumulation model of punctuation suggested by the institutional friction framework contends that budgetary punctuation results from a built-up need for budgetary change that had been prevented by slow-moving institutions. The need builds up until the institutions give way in the form of a budgetary punctuation. This explanation suggests that the probability of a punctuation in a given year is negatively related to having experienced such a punctuation in previous years. An alternative model\u2014which we will call the institutional model\u2014contends that the propensity for budgetary punctuation is endemic to specific organizations. These organizations possess inherent characteristics that predispose them to punctuated change. The institutional model suggests that the probability of a punctuation occurring in a given year is positively related to the organization having experienced such a punctuation in previous years. The article uses data from Texas public school districts during an 18-year period to test these competing models of policy punctuation. The results indicate that recent punctuated changes raise the probability of additional punctuated changes, supporting the institutional hypothesis." }, { "paper": "2133589322", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2014", "title": "creating eu law judges the role of generational differences legal education and judicial career paths in national judges assessment regarding eu law knowledge", "label": [ "149209484", "158154518", "199539241", "2777855027", "524211801", "2780836151" ], "author": [ "2139188287", "1974642932", "2670412558" ], "reference": [ "36712852", "173276478", "581043525", "1486032079", "1498275869", "1680547064", "1806067121", "1894456247", "1976290073", "2030796074", "2053235214", "2092645495", "2099304543", "2100606921", "2115768891", "2116909066", "2122904981", "2124758339", "2147040805", "2166219005", "2166400496", "2167260187", "2479097983", "2490809590", "2491977156", "3036798466", "3124528983", "3125310752" ], "abstract": "the judicial protection system in the european union eu is premised on the fact that national judges are supposed to act as decentralized eu judges this role is exercised through tools enshrined in inter alia primacy direct and indirect effect of eu law and the preliminary ruling procedure however a number of studies show that national judges experience difficulties in exercising eu competences due to their lack of knowledge in the field of eu law in this contribution we study the differences in the level of self evaluation of eu law knowledge among judges which consequently influence the way judges approach eu law for that purpose we question the relevance of several institutional and socio legal factors such as organization of the judiciary generation the system of legal education and judicial training and practical experience with eu law our analysis is based on data collected from german dutch polish and spanish judges", "title_raw": "Creating EU law judges: the role of generational differences, legal education and judicial career paths in national judges' assessment regarding EU law knowledge", "abstract_raw": "The judicial protection system in the European Union (EU) is premised on the fact that national judges are supposed to act as decentralized EU judges. This role is exercised through tools enshrined in, inter alia, primacy, direct and indirect effect of EU law, and the preliminary ruling procedure. However, a number of studies show that national judges experience difficulties in exercising EU competences due to their lack of knowledge in the field of EU law. In this contribution we study the differences in the level of self-evaluation of EU law knowledge among judges, which consequently influence the way judges approach EU law. For that purpose we question the relevance of several institutional and socio-legal factors, such as organization of the judiciary, generation, the system of legal education and judicial training and practical experience with EU law. Our analysis is based on data collected from German, Dutch, Polish and Spanish judges." }, { "paper": "1992971478", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2014", "title": "building relationships through websites a content analysis of turkish environmental non profit organizations npo websites", "label": [ "518677369", "99574664", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2167062614", "2279459563" ], "reference": [ "1886846321", "2056285348", "2791466927" ], "abstract": "this paper provides insight into the dialogic potential of turkish environmental npo websites including social media adoption however 23 of 50 websites examined failed to meet half the criteria for building relationships n 35 of 19 sites with connections to social media 16 used new media potentialities however only four met all social media adoption criteria", "title_raw": "Building relationships through websites: A content analysis of Turkish environmental non-profit organizations\u2019 (NPO) websites", "abstract_raw": "This paper provides insight into the dialogic potential of Turkish environmental NPO websites, including social media adoption. However, 23 of 50 websites examined failed to meet half the criteria for building relationships (n 35). Of 19 sites with connections to social media, 16 used new media potentialities, however only four met all social media adoption criteria." }, { "paper": "1974364840", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2014", "title": "does female incumbency reduce gender bias in elections evidence from chile", "label": [ "2776424047", "2776359362", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2204484173", "2157806983" ], "reference": [ "28866446", "588150656", "592557066", "1966298473", "1980594484", "1982134363", "1985093082", "2005307971", "2007668440", "2020346970", "2022590791", "2023627001", "2023771444", "2044421103", "2056220956", "2057913743", "2093273378", "2100500916", "2102468974", "2104193013", "2108891099", "2109459994", "2113017645", "2127974543", "2137370754", "2141652117", "2151796435", "2152310481", "2156265585", "2171154925", "2317680754", "2921414108", "3122820022", "3123089039", "3123908250" ], "abstract": "the incumbency advantage is typically thought to constrain female political representation but can female incumbency provide a signal to parties that reduces strategic gender bias we argue that once women prove they can win elections parties will revise their strategic evaluations of their value as candidates we test this using an original dataset of twenty one chilean elections between 1989 and 2012 we use a heckman selection model to assess re election rates by incumbent candidate gender conditional on the re nomination of incumbents we find that female incumbents are just as likely to be re nominated and re elected as their male counterparts", "title_raw": "Does Female Incumbency Reduce Gender Bias in Elections? Evidence from Chile", "abstract_raw": "The incumbency advantage is typically thought to constrain female political representation, but can female incumbency provide a signal to parties that reduces strategic gender bias? We argue that once women prove they can win elections, parties will revise their strategic evaluations of their value as candidates. We test this using an original dataset of twenty-one Chilean elections between 1989 and 2012. We use a Heckman selection model to assess re-election rates by incumbent candidate gender, conditional on the re-nomination of incumbents. We find that female incumbents are just as likely to be re-nominated and re-elected as their male counterparts." }, { "paper": "1961745985", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2014", "title": "the federalist society how conservatives took the law back from liberals by michael avery and danielle mclaughlin nashville tn vanderbilt university press 2013 304 pp 35 00", "label": [ "2776453310" ], "author": [ "711182077" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Federalist Society: How Conservatives Took the Law Back from Liberals by Michael Avery and Danielle McLaughlin. Nashville, TN, Vanderbilt University Press, 2013. 304 pp. $35.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2332344809", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2014", "title": "impediments to the prevention and intervention of genocide", "label": [ "204342414", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2747193100" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Impediments to the Prevention and Intervention of Genocide", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2003754537", "venue": "130750583", "year": "2014", "title": "what happened to climate change cites and the reconfiguration of polar bear conservation discourse", "label": [ "529147693" ], "author": [ "2621720180", "2117421397" ], "reference": [ "73471272", "560503540", "636335767", "659215054", "1525328314", "1559279069", "1596115623", "1599033642", "1980546780", "1998894117", "2025640596", "2036606815", "2053873604", "2057384612", "2061518930", "2112810117", "2117478673", "2133873100", "2143090394", "2148397997", "2150537764", "2157238888", "2161586297", "2174667129", "2284189120" ], "abstract": "abstract in the past decade polar bears have become the poster species of climate change but in march 2013 a joint proposal by the governments of the united states and the russian federation to up list polar bears to appendix i of the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora cites diverted public attention from climate change towards the hunting of polar bears prior to a vote on the proposal non governmental organisations spear headed a media campaign to support the up listing in the united kingdom the campaign received support from celebrities and was widely reported in english language news media narratives of commercial legal and illegal polar bear hunting and the imminent extinction of polar bears were aggressively promoted rhetorically supported by the manipulation of trade and scientific data by rendering discourses of commercial hunting and a lucrative global trade in polar bear parts highly visible sustainable hunting and climate change induced habitat loss were rendered invisible media reports of commercial hunting de coupled polar bear conservation from climate change mitigation and disassociated polar bear hunting from regulated indigenous subsistence practices a review of current polar bear conservation measures and an analysis of media coverage leading up to the cites decision reveal these conflicting discourses and suggest that more nuanced media coverage of polar bear conservation is necessary if appropriate multilateral conservation policies are to be enacted and publicly supported", "title_raw": "What happened to climate change? CITES and the reconfiguration of polar bear conservation discourse", "abstract_raw": "Abstract In the past decade, polar bears have become the poster species of climate change. But in March 2013, a joint proposal by the governments of the United States and the Russian Federation to up-list polar bears to Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) diverted public attention from climate change towards the hunting of polar bears. Prior to a vote on the proposal, non-governmental organisations spear-headed a media campaign to support the up-listing. In the United Kingdom the campaign received support from celebrities and was widely reported in English language news media. Narratives of commercial legal and illegal polar bear hunting and the imminent extinction of polar bears were aggressively promoted, rhetorically supported by the manipulation of trade and scientific data. By rendering discourses of commercial hunting and a lucrative global trade in polar bear parts highly visible, sustainable hunting and climate change-induced habitat loss were rendered invisible. Media reports of commercial hunting de-coupled polar bear conservation from climate change mitigation, and disassociated polar bear hunting from regulated indigenous subsistence practices. A review of current polar bear conservation measures and an analysis of media coverage leading up to the CITES decision reveal these conflicting discourses, and suggest that more nuanced media coverage of polar bear conservation is necessary if appropriate multilateral conservation policies are to be enacted and publicly supported." }, { "paper": "1981356869", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2014", "title": "external territorial threat state capacity and civil war", "label": [ "81631423", "2776398702", "94625758" ], "author": [ "263351789", "2310881444" ], "reference": [ "1537646239", "1964470505", "1966027696", "1982501755", "1995755759", "2007352806", "2010694081", "2068035722", "2070576173", "2077085353", "2083248114", "2089839731", "2120913939", "2121478465", "2125291718", "2128068237", "2132222729", "2132509947", "2137603881", "2138335840", "2141425571", "2146764280", "2151780178", "2157310954", "2160941401", "2165757691", "2167032082", "2322306777", "2484934209", "3122074090", "3122681988", "3124473712", "3125554979", "3155223420" ], "abstract": "we argue that the regional threat environment a state faces plays a consequential role in its political development and the likelihood of experiencing future intrastate wars challenges to a state", "title_raw": "External territorial threat, state capacity, and civil war", "abstract_raw": "We argue that the regional threat environment a state faces plays a consequential role in its political development and the likelihood of experiencing future intrastate wars. Challenges to a state\u2019..." }, { "paper": "2100183895", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2014", "title": "james farney social conservatives and party politics in canada and the united states reviewed by robert g boatright", "label": [ "33343238", "199539241", "522562087", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2021063213" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "James Farney, Social conservatives and party politics in Canada and the United States, reviewed by Robert G Boatright", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2117057308", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2014", "title": "on global health stick to sovereignty", "label": [ "186229450", "46578552" ], "author": [ "53587059", "2044403916" ], "reference": [ "1543518051", "1968507629", "2062273717", "2103665975", "2128248134" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "On global health: stick to sovereignty", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2152074433", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2014", "title": "blogging identities on israel palestine public intellectuals and their audiences", "label": [ "2777834853", "518677369", "205112559", "547764534", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2006279808", "102302831" ], "reference": [ "1596153059", "1973451752", "1992024938", "2008420841", "2015156623", "2028118418", "2044950274", "2057134971", "2061785038", "2103933530", "2105773622", "2112535326", "2122305905", "2134436058", "2154263081", "2155519629", "2160850287", "2166284581", "2167094434", "2780144957" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Blogging Identities on Israel/Palestine: Public Intellectuals and Their Audiences", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2069915037", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2014", "title": "continuing education study broad and deep", "label": [ "47177190" ], "author": [ "2500284539" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "short tutorials can help researchers to sharpen skills and longer courses can provide a way to deepen knowledge", "title_raw": "Continuing education: Study broad and deep", "abstract_raw": "Short tutorials can help researchers to sharpen skills, and longer courses can provide a way to deepen knowledge." }, { "paper": "2130432768", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2014", "title": "media commercialization and authoritarian rule in china daniela stockmann cambridge and new york cambridge university press 2013 xxii 334 pp 60 00 95 00 isbn 978 1 107 01844 0", "label": [ "2780625559", "68346564", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2716705557" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Media Commercialization and Authoritarian Rule in China . DANIELA STOCKMANN . Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. xxii + 334 pp. \u00a360.00; $95.00. ISBN 978-1-107-01844-0", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2114249090", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2014", "title": "serving or self serving a review essay of robert gates s memoir", "label": [ "177897776" ], "author": [ "2080749944" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Serving or Self\u2010Serving? A Review Essay of Robert Gates's Memoir", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2553444426", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2014", "title": "al shabab s last stand", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2547095065" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Al Shabab's Last Stand?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2055851139", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2014", "title": "lobbying in the european union interest groups lobbying coalitions and policy change", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "90317418" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "questions about interest group influence and the effectiveness of lobbying are among the most important ones that can be addressed in contemporary politics they are also among the most neglected", "title_raw": "Lobbying in the European Union: Interest Groups, Lobbying Coalitions, and Policy Change", "abstract_raw": "Questions about interest group influence and the effectiveness of lobbying are among the most important ones that can be addressed in contemporary politics. They are also among the most neglected. ..." }, { "paper": "2087383457", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2014", "title": "increasing socioeconomic disparities in adolescent obesity", "label": [ "110888244", "2250968" ], "author": [ "2112946792", "1953025186", "2147764452" ], "reference": [ "207211687", "1969608399", "1974287545", "1975555526", "2000850426", "2006150332", "2010157103", "2040963121", "2048265023", "2072550284", "2096161434", "2100264695", "2102324053", "2107065593", "2107723937", "2118745042", "2119230705", "2120797199", "2121026301", "2126829391", "2130427463", "2131454803", "2148920213", "2149469183", "2150599493", "2158455763", "2164055997", "2168072268", "2169906143", "2170031986", "2316166777", "2339705934", "2785281205", "2803290700", "2979743914" ], "abstract": "recent reports suggest that the rapid growth in youth obesity seen in the 1980s and 1990s has plateaued we examine changes in obesity among us adolescents aged 12 17 y by socioeconomic background using data from two nationally representative health surveys the 1988 2010 national health and nutrition examination surveys and the 2003 2011 national survey of children s health although the overall obesity prevalence stabilized this trend masks a growing socioeconomic gradient the prevalence of obesity among high socioeconomic status adolescents has decreased in recent years whereas the prevalence of obesity among their low socioeconomic status peers has continued to increase additional analyses suggest that socioeconomic differences in the levels of physical activity as well as differences in calorie intake may have contributed to the growing obesity gradient", "title_raw": "Increasing socioeconomic disparities in adolescent obesity", "abstract_raw": "Recent reports suggest that the rapid growth in youth obesity seen in the 1980s and 1990s has plateaued. We examine changes in obesity among US adolescents aged 12\u201317 y by socioeconomic background using data from two nationally representative health surveys, the 1988\u20132010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys and the 2003\u20132011 National Survey of Children\u2019s Health. Although the overall obesity prevalence stabilized, this trend masks a growing socioeconomic gradient: The prevalence of obesity among high-socioeconomic status adolescents has decreased in recent years, whereas the prevalence of obesity among their low-socioeconomic status peers has continued to increase. Additional analyses suggest that socioeconomic differences in the levels of physical activity, as well as differences in calorie intake, may have contributed to the growing obesity gradient." }, { "paper": "1994688543", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2014", "title": "european integration and the communist dilemma communist party responses to europe in greece cyprus and italy", "label": [ "206261972", "501299471", "542948173" ], "author": [ "139258735" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "european integration and the communist dilemma communist party responses to europe in greece cyprus and italy examines how and why european communist parties respond to european integration throu", "title_raw": "European Integration and the Communist Dilemma: Communist Party Responses to Europe in Greece, Cyprus and Italy", "abstract_raw": "European Integration and the Communist Dilemma: Communist Party Responses to Europe in Greece, Cyprus and Italy examines how and why European communist parties respond to European integration throu..." }, { "paper": "3123617016", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2014", "title": "media endarkenment a comparative analysis of 2012 election coverage in the united states and russia", "label": [ "2779437329", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2524375040" ], "reference": [ "570616003", "1484110983", "1502300125", "1510869725", "1540933854", "1964269492", "1992410457", "1996362269", "2001442493", "2005133873", "2009004776", "2039551283", "2062600697", "2078773796", "2082905397", "2089363775", "2094387050", "2114374936", "2123340392", "2137963619", "2141273766", "2153121412", "2158460948", "2160088732", "2605509596" ], "abstract": "in this article the author researches the coverage of the u s and russian presidential campaigns of 2012 in terms of media endarkenment a process of media influence that ultimately shrinks the p", "title_raw": "Media Endarkenment: A Comparative Analysis of 2012 Election Coverage in the United States and Russia", "abstract_raw": "In this article, the author researches the coverage of the U.S. and Russian presidential campaigns of 2012 in terms of media endarkenment, a process of media influence that ultimately shrinks the p..." }, { "paper": "2091744776", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2014", "title": "rule of law and the democratization process the case of albania", "label": [ "555826173", "2776847301", "17058734", "94625758", "83009810", "79638320", "201342494", "81307892", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2660778841" ], "reference": [ "179663141", "328755627", "568833507", "606967259", "629063669", "643596108", "645490633", "652979038", "1491600864", "1501714026", "1555631169", "1594976373", "1604434549", "1967654433", "2016618256", "2029692255", "2042377825", "2053424174", "2105912435", "2116057227", "2160743758", "2168392092", "2220283811", "2497756459", "2989377525" ], "abstract": "this article will explore the dilemmas that albania has been experiencing in implementing the rule of law during the past two decades with particular attention to the political institutional obstacles including the difficulties of establishing an independent judiciary and the pervasiveness of corruption the concept of the rule of law will be the lens through which the difficulties of the democratization process will be examined the lack of transparency in the legislature and more broadly in the political decision making process and the divisive and leader dominated political party system are two additional obstacles that albania is facing in consolidating democracy since its first post communist election in 1991 albania has experienced challenges in conducting legitimate elections that meet international standards the political and cultural environment where these political institutions operate and from which they have been constructed will provide the backdrop for analysis", "title_raw": "Rule of law and the democratization process: the case of Albania", "abstract_raw": "This article will explore the dilemmas that Albania has been experiencing in implementing the rule of law during the past two decades with particular attention to the political institutional obstacles, including the difficulties of establishing an independent judiciary and the pervasiveness of corruption. The concept of the rule of law will be the lens through which the difficulties of the democratization process will be examined. The lack of transparency in the legislature and more broadly in the political decision-making process, and the divisive and leader-dominated political party system are two additional obstacles that Albania is facing in consolidating democracy. Since its first post-communist election in 1991, Albania has experienced challenges in conducting legitimate elections that meet international standards. The political and cultural environment where these political institutions operate and from which they have been constructed will provide the backdrop for analysis." }, { "paper": "2079669226", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2014", "title": "homophobia and hiv research under siege", "label": [ "160735492" ], "author": [ "2166566989" ], "reference": [ "1984494622", "1985927571" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Homophobia and HIV research: Under siege.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2039307299", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2014", "title": "social movements and the new state the fate of pro democracy organizations when democracy is won by brian k grodsky", "label": [ "555826173", "123108692", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2135272808" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Social movements and the new state: the fate of pro-democracy organizations when democracy is won, by Brian K. Grodsky", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2139831389", "venue": "130750583", "year": "2014", "title": "sources of human insecurity in the face of hydro climatic change", "label": [ "2776398702", "2779449393", "555826173", "2776857772" ], "author": [ "2182307458", "2074037726", "12701283" ], "reference": [ "29797067", "49479346", "580478318", "843839510", "1549193660", "1598772380", "1731457293", "1855938657", "1905429483", "1963753277", "1977374863", "1985267492", "1992257205", "1995824747", "2003879332", "2004113883", "2014354215", "2019461361", "2023652144", "2030867566", "2040600432", "2042192585", "2050599067", "2059087733", "2062214561", "2075858705", "2078778096", "2084542876", "2097841392", "2106965074", "2114160362", "2118440563", "2123065957", "2123637085", "2126211631", "2126975094", "2134255917", "2153043465", "2153640166", "2181681336", "2181864672", "2203401427", "2267693425", "2269157689", "2278175353", "2327997365", "2546190698", "2624252488", "3148233289", "3149783896" ], "abstract": "abstract policy agendas increasingly respond to the perceived security threats of climate change not least via its effects on water yet solid links between climate water conflict and security have seldom been substantiated empirically drawing from the conceptual framework and empirical results of the ec funded research project clico climate change hydro conflict and human security which is presented in this special issue this opening article looks at the conditions that shape conflict and insecurity with a focus on the role of adaptation policies we find three main sources of human insecurity first democratic deficits which are more influential than hydro climatic stresses second mal adaptations i e adaptations that have adverse effects for the security of some groups and third structural violence often related to economic and state development there is a systemic contradiction insofar as the pursuit of adaptation through state led economic growth projects ends up producing new insecurities for parts of the population adaptation to hydro climatic change therefore is likely to be a contested and painful process research on security and climate change must move beyond narrow investigations of conflict and study the links between structural violence and human insecurity in particular the conditions and processes that reduce the options available to deal with potential insecurities", "title_raw": "Sources of human insecurity in the face of hydro-climatic change", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Policy agendas increasingly respond to the perceived security threats of climate change, not least via its effects on water. Yet, solid links between climate, water, conflict and security have seldom been substantiated empirically. Drawing from the conceptual framework and empirical results of the EC-funded research project CLICO (\u2018Climate Change, Hydro-Conflict and Human Security\u2019) which is presented in this Special Issue, this opening article looks at the conditions that shape conflict and insecurity, with a focus on the role of adaptation policies. We find three main sources of human insecurity: first, democratic deficits, which are more influential than hydro-climatic stresses; second, mal-adaptations, i.e. adaptations that have adverse effects for the security of some groups; and third, structural violence, often related to economic and state development. There is a systemic contradiction insofar as the pursuit of adaptation through state-led economic growth projects ends up producing new insecurities for parts of the population. Adaptation to hydro-climatic change, therefore, is likely to be a contested and painful process. Research on security and climate change must move beyond narrow investigations of conflict and study the links between structural violence and human insecurity, in particular the conditions and processes that reduce the options available to deal with potential insecurities." }, { "paper": "1999371489", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2014", "title": "party ideology and deficits provincial fiscal policy and the cameron thesis 1966 2009", "label": [ "124717273", "94625758", "158071213", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2147114609", "2320199798" ], "reference": [ "572138283", "596742358", "1491165389", "1531859441", "1536894783", "1538299216", "1608915274", "1836838334", "1925078297", "1963615599", "1963754353", "1967030322", "1968156520", "1971301429", "1982141447", "1983115678", "2002414240", "2009586334", "2014050166", "2019019794", "2019986293", "2025610165", "2029665227", "2041175506", "2043428468", "2043934449", "2045843512", "2052378647", "2060961705", "2062760490", "2066145675", "2078261950", "2084422964", "2094042936", "2095261560", "2095546811", "2107017792", "2121919862", "2122286420", "2123911896", "2125872586", "2126801828", "2131107254", "2133339157", "2136984413", "2142008743", "2155648382", "2158371350", "2170477177", "2249081876", "2333787178", "2802539526", "2988039629", "3122660296", "3123200913", "3123553432", "3123668068", "3125184646", "3125510106", "3125572536" ], "abstract": "in a 1985 publication david cameron reported that historically leftist governments had governed with smaller deficits than rightist governments the party ideology variable was incorporated into a large body of subsequent research mainly by economists to study the growth of public spending and indebtedness most agreed with cameron some did not virtually all studies focused on western european nations but not subnational governments this study analyzes provincial deficits or surpluses over the period 1966 to 2009 and determines that rightist parties despite controls for economic and other political variables have lower budgetary deficits a finding which contradicts cameron but is consistent with five previous studies of provincial spending in canada", "title_raw": "Party, Ideology, and Deficits: Provincial Fiscal Policy and the Cameron Thesis, 1966\u20132009", "abstract_raw": "In a 1985 publication David Cameron reported that historically leftist governments had governed with smaller deficits than rightist governments. The party ideology variable was incorporated into a large body of subsequent research, mainly by economists, to study the growth of public spending and indebtedness. Most agreed with Cameron; some did not. Virtually all studies focused on western European nations (but not subnational governments). This study analyzes provincial deficits or surpluses over the period 1966 to 2009 and determines that rightist parties, despite controls for economic and other political variables, have lower budgetary deficits, a finding which contradicts Cameron but is consistent with five previous studies of provincial spending in Canada." }, { "paper": "1479953679", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2014", "title": "guy rowlands the financial decline of a great power oxford oxford university press 2012 pp xvii 267 isbn 9780199585076 hbk 65", "label": [ "2778676447" ], "author": [ "2170761049" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Guy Rowlands, The financial decline of a great power. (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012. Pp. xvii + 267. ISBN 9780199585076 Hbk. \u00a365)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1985802020", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2014", "title": "the use of citizens juries in health policy decision making a systematic review", "label": [ "2776946740", "2777976496", "2781093426", "3116431", "39549134", "2777917820", "47344431", "109986646", "2776119841", "2780907606" ], "author": [ "2119258168", "2022166246", "2224785040", "2172535372" ], "reference": [ "65672298", "94520788", "194428637", "647205883", "1491407876", "1561707266", "1966542460", "1971656816", "1972239913", "1974853820", "1977619454", "1981219813", "1981764105", "2000889081", "2006966349", "2010903227", "2011897977", "2014035347", "2025090415", "2025848106", "2027002372", "2029667259", "2033947970", "2034078848", "2035935864", "2037449808", "2046441282", "2050269497", "2050560304", "2051099966", "2058971981", "2061703366", "2072312658", "2076003491", "2080856285", "2092745099", "2105950486", "2110925860", "2114485104", "2123458876", "2127055989", "2136837615", "2144963045", "2146991873", "2152992077", "2159323844", "2160276480", "2167229457", "2169878600", "2232076765", "2320546924", "2912395097" ], "abstract": "deliberative inclusive approaches such as citizen juries have been used to engage citizens on a range of issues in health care and public health researchers engaging with the public to inform policy and practice have adapted the citizen jury method in a variety of ways the nature and impact of these adaptations has not been evaluated we systematically searched medline pubmed cinahl and scopus databases to identify deliberative inclusive methods particularly citizens juries and their adaptations deployed in health research identified studies were evaluated focussing on principles associated with deliberative democracy inclusivity deliberation and active citizenship we examined overall process recruitment evidence presentation documentation and outputs in empirical studies and the relationship of these elements to theoretical explications of deliberative inclusive methods the search yielded 37 papers describing 66 citizens juries the review demonstrated that the citizens jury model has been extensively adapted inclusivity has been operationalised with sampling strategies that aim to recruit representative juries although these efforts have produced mixed results deliberation has been supported through use of steering committees and facilitators to promote fair interaction between jurors many juries were shorter duration than originally recommended limiting opportunity for constructive dialogue with respect to citizenship few juries rulings were considered by decision making bodies thereby limiting transfer into policy and practice constraints in public policy process may preclude use of the ideal citizens jury with potential loss of an effective method for informed community engagement adapted citizens jury models provide an alternative however this review demonstrates that special attention should be paid to recruitment independent oversight jury duration and moderation", "title_raw": "The use of citizens' juries in health policy decision-making: a systematic review.", "abstract_raw": "Deliberative inclusive approaches, such as citizen juries, have been used to engage citizens on a range of issues in health care and public health. Researchers engaging with the public to inform policy and practice have adapted the citizen jury method in a variety of ways. The nature and impact of these adaptations has not been evaluated. We systematically searched Medline (PubMED), CINAHL and Scopus databases to identify deliberative inclusive methods, particularly citizens' juries and their adaptations, deployed in health research. Identified studies were evaluated focussing on principles associated with deliberative democracy: inclusivity, deliberation and active citizenship. We examined overall process, recruitment, evidence presentation, documentation and outputs in empirical studies, and the relationship of these elements to theoretical explications of deliberative inclusive methods. The search yielded 37 papers describing 66 citizens' juries. The review demonstrated that the citizens' jury model has been extensively adapted. Inclusivity has been operationalised with sampling strategies that aim to recruit representative juries, although these efforts have produced mixed results. Deliberation has been supported through use of steering committees and facilitators to promote fair interaction between jurors. Many juries were shorter duration than originally recommended, limiting opportunity for constructive dialogue. With respect to citizenship, few juries' rulings were considered by decision-making bodies thereby limiting transfer into policy and practice. Constraints in public policy process may preclude use of the 'ideal' citizens' jury with potential loss of an effective method for informed community engagement. Adapted citizens' jury models provide an alternative: however, this review demonstrates that special attention should be paid to recruitment, independent oversight, jury duration and moderation." }, { "paper": "2237758465", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2014", "title": "united states refuses to grant visa to iranian un envoy", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "1908532719", "2085798786" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "United States Refuses to Grant Visa to Iranian UN Envoy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2071641262", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "warming u s russia relations", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2115621958" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the ups and downs in the political relationship between the united states and russia are clearly deteriorating scientific cooperation between the two nations however it is scientists who can and should lead a reversal in this situation", "title_raw": "Warming U.S.-Russia relations", "abstract_raw": "The ups and downs in the political relationship between the United States and Russia are clearly deteriorating scientific cooperation between the two nations. However, it is scientists who can and should lead a reversal in this situation." }, { "paper": "2072532354", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2014", "title": "tuberculosis control hard questions authors reply", "label": [ "46578552" ], "author": [ "2152856767", "2113785068" ], "reference": [ "2012708865", "2024914273", "2081059997", "2150065284", "2154415197" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Tuberculosis control: hard questions \u2013 Authors' reply", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3123361539", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2014", "title": "the tower of babel human rights and the paradox of language", "label": [ "94625758", "23381644", "2781316041", "58063344", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2202755099" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "key human rights instruments and leading scholars argue that minority language rights should be treated as human rights both because language is constitutive of an individual s cultural identity and because linguistic pluralism increases diversity these treaties and academics assign the value of linguistic pluralism in diversity but as this article demonstrates major human rights courts and quasi judicial institutions are not in fact prepared to force states to swallow the dramatic costs entailed by a true diversity protecting regime outside narrow exceptions or a path dependent national political compromise these enforcement bodies continuously allow the state actively to incentivize assimilation into the dominant culture and language of the majority the minority can still maintain its distinct language but only at its own cost the slippage between the promise of rights and their actual interpretation carries some important political and economic benefits but the resulting legal outcome does not provide the robust protection of diversity to which lip service is paid importantly the assimilationist nature of the jurisprudence is not indifferent to human rights however instead of advancing maximal linguistic diversity as a pre eminent norm the regime that is applied by judicial bodies supports a different set of human rights those protecting linguistic minorities from discrimination and promoting equal access of the group to market and political institutions the result is a tension between two human rights values pluralism and equality", "title_raw": "The Tower of Babel: Human Rights and the paradox of language", "abstract_raw": "Key human rights instruments and leading scholars argue that minority language rights should be treated as human rights, both because language is constitutive of an individual's cultural identity and because linguistic pluralism increases diversity. These treaties and academics assign the value of linguistic pluralism in diversity. But, as this article demonstrates, major human rights courts and quasi-judicial institutions are not, in fact, prepared to force states to swallow the dramatic costs entailed by a true diversity-protecting regime. Outside narrow exceptions or a path dependent national-political compromise, these enforcement bodies continuously allow the state actively to incentivize assimilation into the dominant culture and language of the majority. The minority can still maintain its distinct language, but only at its own cost. The slippage between the promise of rights and their actual interpretation carries some important political and economic benefits, but the resulting legal outcome does not provide the robust protection of diversity to which lip service is paid. Importantly, the assimilationist nature of the jurisprudence is not indifferent to human rights. However, instead of advancing maximal linguistic diversity as a pre-eminent norm, the regime that is applied by judicial bodies supports a different set of human rights: those protecting linguistic minorities from discrimination, and promoting equal access of the group to market and political institutions. The result is a tension between two human rights values: pluralism and equality." }, { "paper": "2559053631", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2014", "title": "the new british politics", "label": [ "94625758", "36201420", "3116431", "146719748" ], "author": [ "2558627014" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The New British Politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3125759672", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2014", "title": "the hobby lobby moment", "label": [ "17319257", "2777047313", "71043370", "94625758", "199539241", "2780208285", "139621336", "2780400262", "2776847301" ], "author": [ "2121386116" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "american religious liberty is in a state of flux and uncertainty the controversy surrounding burwell v hobby lobby stores inc 1 is both a cause and a symptom of this condition it suggests a state of deep contestation around one of the key markers of the church state settlement 2 the accommodation of religion the problem is social and political not judicial although judges are obviously influenced by those larger forces courts are rarely at the forefront of significant social change 3 judges are constrained by their function to decide specific cases based primarily on a finite if malleable set of materials such as prior precedents and statutes 4 hobby lobby itself turned not on the vagaries of the religion clauses but on the directions laid down by congress in the religious freedom restoration act of 1993 5 rfra the court is routinely criticized for the incoherence of its religion clause jurisprudence 6 inevitably there are doctrinal disagreements among judges on these issues on the whole however the judicial treatment of the american church state settlement has been relatively stable conditions are much more fraught outside the courts in public discussion and in the scholarly community the very notion of religious liberty its terms and its value has become an increasingly contested subject 7 in the space of a few short years the basic terms of the american church state settlement have gone in professor lawrence lessig s useful terms from being taken for granted to being up for grabs 8 once a fairly uncontested issue that remained in the background of public attention religious accommodation has become a contested issue occupying the forefront of public debate 9 the change has been sudden remarkable and unsettling the court s decision in hobby lobby will influence the debate outside the courts but the decision will not resolve that debate if anything it seems more likely to heighten and prolong the public tension than to calm it unsurprisingly given the polarized nature of the larger debate over religious accommodation most discussions of hobby lobby and the contraception mandate have been equally polarized on one side of the divide some saw the contraception mandate as trampling 10 or assault ing religious liberty 11 on the other side were those who warned that a win for hobby lobby threatened our local and national civil rights laws 12 and perhaps the rule of law itself 13 after the ruling most of the immediate reaction to the decision was similarly divided the polarizing nature of the issue and of the court s decision was both reflected in and encouraged by justice ginsburg s stinging dissent 14 as always during times of revolutionary or reactionary passion those who are more concerned with analyzing the conflict than with participating in it may find themselves squeezed from both directions when an issue moves to the foreground of social contestation one is expected to choose sides nevertheless some writers have taken an interest in evaluating and sometimes lamenting the current struggle not just fighting it 15 this comment falls into the analytical category i have my own views on the merits of hobby lobby 16 but it is the controversy over the contraception mandate litigation not the case itself that takes center stage here 17 i focus less on the doctrinal questions the court dealt with or left unanswered and more on the legal and social factors that turned a statutory case into the legal and political blockbuster of the term more specifically in thinking about the broader social context that made hobby lobby so prominent and the debate over it so inflamed it is the moment that matters we are in the middle of a process of social contestation on some key questions between certain issues being taken for granted in one direction and their being equally taken for granted in the other direction", "title_raw": "The Hobby Lobby Moment.", "abstract_raw": "American religious liberty is in a state of flux and uncertainty. The controversy surrounding Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. (1) is both a cause and a symptom of this condition. It suggests a state of deep contestation around one of the key markers of the church-state settlement (2) : the accommodation of religion. The problem is social and political, not judicial, although judges are obviously influenced by those larger forces. Courts are rarely at the forefront of significant social change (3). Judges are constrained by their function: to decide specific cases, based primarily on a finite (if malleable) set of materials such as prior precedents and statutes. (4) Hobby Lobby itself turned not on the vagaries of the Religion Clauses, but on the directions laid down by Congress in the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 (5) (RFRA). The Court is routinely criticized for the incoherence of its Religion Clause jurisprudence. (6) Inevitably, there are doctrinal disagreements among judges on these issues. On the whole, however, the judicial treatment of the American church-state settlement has been relatively stable. Conditions are much more fraught outside the courts. In public discussion and in the scholarly community, the very notion of religious liberty--its terms and its value--has become an increasingly contested subject. (7) In the space of a few short years, the basic terms of the American church-state settlement have gone, in Professor Lawrence Lessig's useful terms, from being \"taken for granted\" to being \"up for grabs.\" (8) Once a fairly \"uncontested\" issue that remained in the \"background of public attention, \" religious accommodation has become a \"contested\" issue occupying the forefront of public debate. (9) The change has been sudden, remarkable, and unsettling. The Court's decision in Hobby Lobby will influence the debate outside the courts. But the decision will not resolve that debate. If anything, it seems more likely to heighten and prolong the public tension than to calm it. Unsurprisingly, given the polarized nature of the larger debate over religious accommodation, most discussions of Hobby Lobby and the contraception mandate have been equally polarized. On one side of the divide, some saw the contraception mandate as \"trampling\" (10) or \"assault[ing]\" religious liberty. (11) On the other side were those who warned that a win for Hobby Lobby threatened our local and national civil rights laws, (12) and perhaps the rule of law itself. (13) After the ruling, most of the immediate reaction to the decision was similarly divided. The polarizing nature of the issue, and of the Court's decision, was both reflected in and encouraged by Justice Ginsburg's stinging dissent. (14) As always during times of revolutionary (or reactionary) passion, those who are more concerned with analyzing the conflict than with participating in it may find themselves squeezed from both directions. When an issue moves to the foreground of social contestation, one is expected to choose sides. Nevertheless, some writers have taken an interest in evaluating and sometimes lamenting the current struggle, not just fighting it. (15) This Comment falls into the analytical category. I have my own views on the merits of Hobby Lobby. (16) But it is the controversy over the contraception-mandate litigation, not the case itself, that takes center stage here. (17) I focus less on the doctrinal questions the Court dealt with or left unanswered, and more on the legal and social factors that turned a statutory case into the legal and political blockbuster of the Term. More specifically, in thinking about the broader social context that made Hobby Lobby so prominent and the debate over it so inflamed, it is the moment that matters. We are in the middle of a process of social contestation on some key questions: between certain issues being taken for granted in one direction and their being equally taken for granted in the other direction. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2116363793", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2014", "title": "food safety management in china a perspective from food quality control system jiehong zhou and shaosheng jin singapore world scientific hangzhou zhejiang university press 2013 xi 228 pp 58 00 isbn 978 981 4447 75 1", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2146334502" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Food Safety Management in China: A Perspective from Food Quality Control System . JIEHONG ZHOU and SHAOSHENG JIN. Singapore: World Scientific; Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 2013. xi + 228 pp, \u00a358.00. ISBN 978-981-4447-75-1", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2065284290", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2014", "title": "spying on allies", "label": [ "558872910" ], "author": [ "2224248882" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "although some programmes crossed lines of propriety us surveillance of partners did not constitute a breach of trust", "title_raw": "Spying on Allies", "abstract_raw": "Although some programmes crossed lines of propriety, US surveillance of partners did not constitute a breach of trust." }, { "paper": "2051013466", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2014", "title": "negative agenda control and the conservative coalition in the u s house", "label": [ "2776051254", "2778310570", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2135194043", "2171042352" ], "reference": [ "563897759", "604554107", "1507751695", "1515771701", "1536322546", "1539897398", "1546428895", "1584651000", "1895733307", "1971977375", "1972620780", "1987956400", "1999954270", "2000045968", "2030258402", "2067237429", "2078646629", "2104950092", "2134291350", "2136113322", "2150510278", "2168352635", "2329519494", "2335080389", "2335366342", "2498090271", "3139845236" ], "abstract": "while it is widely believed that a conservative coalition of southern democrats and republicans sometimes formed on floor votes in the mid twentieth century house to block liberal policy initiatives a fully fleshed out picture of what the coalition was and how it operated is lacking in this article we investigate whether the conservative coalition wielded negative agenda control that is whether it used positions of power in the house to block bills from floor consideration that would have harmed a majority of its members we find that the likelihood that the conservative coalition was rolled increased significantly after the rules committee packing in 1961 especially for bills that came from standing committees chaired by nonsoutherners these results are consistent with the notion that rules systematically protected the conservative coalition from unfavorable floor votes and that southern committee chairs continued to offer some blocking power after the rules packing", "title_raw": "Negative Agenda Control and the Conservative Coalition in the U.S. House", "abstract_raw": "While it is widely believed that a \u201cconservative coalition\u201d of Southern Democrats and Republicans sometimes formed on floor votes in the mid-twentieth-century House to block liberal policy initiatives, a fully fleshed-out picture of what the coalition was and how it operated is lacking. In this article, we investigate whether the conservative coalition wielded negative agenda control, that is, whether it used positions of power in the House to block bills from floor consideration that would have harmed a majority of its members. We find that the likelihood that the conservative coalition was rolled increased significantly after the Rules Committee packing in 1961\u2014especially for bills that came from standing committees chaired by nonsoutherners. These results are consistent with the notion that Rules systematically protected the conservative coalition from unfavorable floor votes and that southern committee chairs continued to offer some blocking power after the Rules packing." }, { "paper": "2139769343", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "response to kristin goss s review of the u s women s jury movements and strategic adaptation a more just verdict", "label": [ "2776119841", "199539241", "2776213154" ], "author": [ "1277160267" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Response to Kristin Goss\u2019s Review of The U.S. Women\u2019s Jury Movements and Strategic Adaptation: A More Just Verdict", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2079250502", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2014", "title": "state fragility and failure as wicked problems beyond naming and taming", "label": [ "2777054862", "199539241", "2779175671", "2777822600", "185874996" ], "author": [ "1858095753" ], "reference": [ "561660193", "577501125", "628155731", "1503866564", "1536424915", "1541378343", "1555673179", "1569055712", "1686382820", "1860875327", "1973662575", "1984634220", "2001195081", "2010793828", "2057880998", "2074751077", "2077821658", "2116627490", "2153952540", "2259114710", "2343237299", "2497748692", "2508463961", "2738293309", "2800460911", "2893894186" ], "abstract": "conceptualising state fragility and failure as a wicked problem set reveals the complex ill defined and interdependent nature of the reality behind these labels this essay builds on the contributions to this special issue by examining why the fragile failed state concept remains in good currency despite its analytic weaknesses the discussion reveals that the parsing of state fragility into its component parts and the development of related indicators reflect efforts to tame the wickedness of the problem set this has led to peace building and state building interventions whose plans and actions do not effectively take account of what is necessary to achieve their intended aims a better problem solving match would look beyond naming and taming incorporating lessons from the implementation literature and international development practice however achieving this would depend upon the political will of both labellers and the labelled", "title_raw": "State fragility and failure as wicked problems: beyond naming and taming", "abstract_raw": "Conceptualising state fragility and failure as a wicked problem set reveals the complex, ill-defined and interdependent nature of the reality behind these labels. This essay builds on the contributions to this special issue by examining why the fragile/failed state concept remains in good currency despite its analytic weaknesses. The discussion reveals that the parsing of state fragility into its component parts and the development of related indicators reflect efforts to tame the wickedness of the problem set; this has led to peace-building and state-building interventions whose plans and actions do not effectively take account of what is necessary to achieve their intended aims. A better problem-solving match would look beyond naming and taming, incorporating lessons from the implementation literature and international development practice. However, achieving this would depend upon the political will of both labellers and the labelled." }, { "paper": "2157698386", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2014", "title": "do asylum recognition rates in europe respond to transnational terrorism the migration security nexus revisited", "label": [ "169437150", "2778998899", "203133693", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2200939342" ], "reference": [ "31797369", "148754492", "164914526", "172064838", "363630101", "573380382", "586553750", "606898095", "1510512585", "1586913791", "1966477938", "1966936546", "1968020664", "1979991846", "1980276812", "1997762224", "2012361708", "2020703232", "2033851086", "2034301206", "2036648731", "2041415039", "2064481296", "2074200234", "2082570199", "2082993536", "2110518591", "2124633831", "2132000612", "2147994298", "2151075020", "2160696964", "2162305448", "2169378432", "2170955720", "2331358056", "2472068552", "2573821351", "2616246688", "3122176529", "3122209588", "3122430147", "3123270166", "3123646911", "3123656000", "3123927179", "3125336786" ], "abstract": "scholars assume that transnational terrorism has culminated in policy securitization with expansive restrictions on migration i evaluate the impact of transnational terrorism on asylum recognition among european union and schengen member states from 1980 until 2007 i unpack the impact of terrorism according to the location of incidents the article illustrates that policy tightening is more pronounced when recipient states experience terrorism on their own soil or against their citizens in contrast measuring transnational terrorism as attacks worldwide mutes the impact of security concerns the findings show that policy stringency is not directed against particular sources of terrorism and demonstrates that the humanitarian principles underpinning asylum recognition have not been eroded by terrorism the article thus represents an important step in differentiating between channels of impact whereby transnational terror shapes policy outcomes", "title_raw": "Do asylum recognition rates in Europe respond to transnational terrorism? The migration-security nexus revisited", "abstract_raw": "Scholars assume that transnational terrorism has culminated in policy securitization with expansive restrictions on migration. I evaluate the impact of transnational terrorism on asylum recognition among European Union and Schengen member-states from 1980 until 2007. I unpack the impact of terrorism according to the location of incidents. The article illustrates that policy tightening is more pronounced when recipient states experience terrorism on their own soil or against their citizens. In contrast, measuring transnational terrorism as attacks worldwide mutes the impact of security concerns. The findings show that policy stringency is not directed against particular sources of terrorism and demonstrates that the humanitarian principles underpinning asylum recognition have not been eroded by terrorism. The article thus represents an important step in differentiating between channels of impact whereby transnational terror shapes policy outcomes." }, { "paper": "1972324773", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2014", "title": "a call for abstracts from china", "label": [ "2776554220", "191935318", "189326681" ], "author": [ "2115039528", "2314726546", "2099762882", "2501839669", "2103291230" ], "reference": [ "2103683759", "2143963024", "2186521144", "2196133620" ], "abstract": "732 www thelancet com vol 384 august 30 2014 addressed if the continent is to manage its demographic transition and reap the full rewards of prosperity that such a demographic transition can bring the child demographics of africa underscore the often cited but not widely acted upon adage that africa s future is our common future understanding and addressing child demographics and investment in children should be at the forefront of this realisation another generation of children on the continent cannot be lost to fragility poverty and inequity due to failure to address demographic shifts the time has come to acknowledge our shared responsibility to the future of africa and to take the policy decisions needed for all of africa s children present and future to fi nally realise all of their rights and potential", "title_raw": "A call for abstracts from China", "abstract_raw": "732 www.thelancet.com Vol 384 August 30, 2014 addressed if the continent is to manage its demographic transition and reap the full rewards of prosperity that such a demographic transition can bring. The child demographics of Africa underscore the often cited, but not widely acted upon, adage that Africa\u2019s future is our common future. Understanding and addressing child demographics, and investment in children, should be at the forefront of this realisation. Another generation of children on the continent cannot be lost to fragility, poverty, and inequity due to failure to address demographic shifts. The time has come to acknowledge our shared responsibility to the future of Africa and to take the policy decisions needed for all of Africa\u2019s children, present and future, to fi nally realise all of their rights and potential." }, { "paper": "2099316270", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2014", "title": "why factions switch sides in civil wars rivalry patronage and realignment in sudan", "label": [ "2776424047", "137403100", "94625758", "158071213", "81631423" ], "author": [ "2130563749" ], "reference": [ "51003376", "79494460", "357054661", "561034661", "575653473", "594078397", "601872886", "606783974", "608369054", "655594258", "890155751", "1485364613", "1503224264", "1511616738", "1547577125", "1567961625", "1582973007", "1604611898", "1969306052", "1972208633", "1974471712", "1989246932", "1989642217", "2001974744", "2002606375", "2005474264", "2008513140", "2014400944", "2014843341", "2017472428", "2018652299", "2021012268", "2031372497", "2032591502", "2047049785", "2051374353", "2055052633", "2069251722", "2076768805", "2078418147", "2079837934", "2080484163", "2083313139", "2088385509", "2098644581", "2101974450", "2104431072", "2108804330", "2110460377", "2112639225", "2114604147", "2115614948", "2119977277", "2122757622", "2123405189", "2126337958", "2127144846", "2128739258", "2130466807", "2131607071", "2142497724", "2143273975", "2145542285", "2149112288", "2152432415", "2152489018", "2168033512", "2169439884", "2170114109", "2313931814", "2326980032", "2331026983", "2598553948", "3121752721", "3125811088" ], "abstract": "side switching by armed groups is a prominent feature of many civil wars shifts in alignment have far reaching consequences influencing key outcomes such as civil war duration and termination military effectiveness levels of civilian victimization and state building prospects in sudan s wars ideological and ethnic cleavages have not influenced factional alignments nearly as much as one might expect given the prominence of clashing political projects and ethnically organized violence in southern sudan and darfur recent explanations highlighting the role of territorial control factional infighting or relative power considerations also have limited value in many wars fought in weak states characterized by low barriers to side switching two mechanisms explain patterns of collaboration and defection first political rivalries that lead actors to collaborate in exchange for military support in localized struggles and second patronage based incentives that induce collaboration for material gain a nested analysis drawing on original data from wars in southern sudan and darfur supports this argument the findings have implications for understanding alignments in civil wars the role of weak states in counterinsurgency and ethnic politics more generally as well as policy relevance for factionalized civil wars", "title_raw": "Why Factions Switch Sides in Civil Wars: Rivalry, Patronage, and Realignment in Sudan", "abstract_raw": "Side switching by armed groups is a prominent feature of many civil wars. Shifts in alignment have far-reaching consequences, influencing key outcomes such as civil war duration and termination, military effectiveness, levels of civilian victimization, and state-building prospects. In Sudan's wars, ideological and ethnic cleavages have not influenced factional alignments nearly as much as one might expect given the prominence of clashing political projects and ethnically organized violence in southern Sudan and Darfur. Recent explanations highlighting the role of territorial control, factional infighting, or relative power considerations also have limited value. In many wars fought in weak states characterized by low barriers to side switching, two mechanisms explain patterns of collaboration and defection: first, political rivalries that lead actors to collaborate in exchange for military support in localized struggles; and second, patronage-based incentives that induce collaboration for material gain. A nested analysis drawing on original data from wars in southern Sudan and Darfur supports this argument. The findings have implications for understanding alignments in civil wars, the role of weak states in counterinsurgency, and ethnic politics more generally, as well as policy relevance for factionalized civil wars." }, { "paper": "1990833720", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2014", "title": "the price of progressive politics the welfare rights movement in an era of color blind racism by rose ernst nyu press 2010 208 pages 65 00 cloth 23 00 paper", "label": [ "2778554304", "94625758", "139838865" ], "author": [ "2158106459" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Price of Progressive Politics: The Welfare Rights Movement in an Era of Color Blind Racism By Rose Ernst NYU Press. 2010. 208 Pages. $65.00 cloth, $23.00 paper", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1549274846", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2014", "title": "our political nature the evolutionary origins of what divides us by avi tuschman amherst ny prometheus books 2013 543 pp 24 95", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "91099062" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Our Political Nature: The Evolutionary Origins of What Divides Us by Avi Tuschman. Amherst, NY, Prometheus Books, 2013. 543 pp. $24.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2116893694", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2014", "title": "the black middle class and democracy in south africa", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758", "2779233565", "2781316041", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2585981648" ], "reference": [ "246992057", "381582087", "576051936", "602615824", "622048379", "1520894393", "1551436114", "1985025533", "2005362324", "2018631409", "2021278444", "2034499901", "2097396644", "2122749433", "2125353502", "2160551229", "2243220957", "2264769561", "2322609866", "2425937451", "2498123425", "2789015166", "2809133739" ], "abstract": "against the background of celebrations about the rise of a middle class in africa and its widely posited role in promoting democracy this paper explores the politics of the black middle class in south africa it does so by examining three propositions first that the black middle class was a positive force in the struggle for liberation and democracy second that post 1994 strategies of the african national congress anc government which have benefited it secure its political alignment with the anc s party state and third that its growth and increasing diversity will contribute to the consolidation of democracy the conclusion drawn is that while the black middle class may indeed play an important role in furthering democracy its political orientations and behaviour cannot be assumed to be inherently progressive", "title_raw": "The black middle class and democracy in South Africa", "abstract_raw": "Against the background of celebrations about the rise of a middle class in Africa and its widely posited role in promoting democracy, this paper explores the politics of the black middle class in South Africa. It does so by examining three propositions: first, that the black middle class was a positive force in the struggle for liberation and democracy; second, that post-1994 strategies of the African National Congress (ANC) government which have benefited it secure its political alignment with the ANC's \u2018party-state\u2019; and third, that its growth and increasing diversity will contribute to the consolidation of democracy. The conclusion drawn is that while the black middle class may indeed play an important role in furthering democracy, its political orientations and behaviour cannot be assumed to be inherently progressive." }, { "paper": "2121455980", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "why communism did not collapse understanding authoritarian regime resilience in asia and europe edited by dimitrov martin k new york cambridge university press 2013 386p 99 00 cloth 34 99 paper", "label": [ "68346564", "542948173" ], "author": [ "2315119680" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Why Communism Did Not Collapse: Understanding Authoritarian Regime Resilience in Asia and Europe. Edited by Dimitrov Martin K.. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 386p. $99.00 cloth, $34.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2051550999", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2014", "title": "superheroes in hong kong s political resistance icons images and opposition", "label": [ "2776847301", "2780430339", "158071213", "94625758", "201960208", "2780668109", "523173360" ], "author": [ "2064345361" ], "reference": [ "312415012", "358771271", "619568661", "626483126", "641515681", "1517300810", "1572078766", "2010545438", "2019483197", "2059596923", "2081776900", "2161019358", "2318450452" ], "abstract": "in june 2013 explosive claims and illicit revelations of domestic and global american intelligence surveillance operations hacking and collaboration with us internet and information technology behemoths rocked the world simultaneously the mysterious emergence in the hong kong special administrative region hksar of runaway american intelligence contractor edward j snowden at the heart of the intrigue shoved the small enclave to the fore of global geopolitics claiming to rely on hong kong s respect for the rule of law and tradition of dissent to shield him against american retaliation and extradition the dubious protagonist s statements ingratiated himself to local political groups who petitioned hong kong and central chinese governments not to send him back to the united states during defend snowden demonstrations at the us consulate in hong kong involving hundreds of supporters placards bearing the image of us president barack obama parodied mocked and ridiculed the leader of the free world using iconic adaptations of captain america george orwell s big brother and shepard fairey s obama hope visuals instead of an icon of american freedom and ideology serwer 2008 and an idealized american nation dittmer 2005 627 captain america american president barack obama and the united states of america were symbolically transformed into a signified orwellian caped crusader threatening the world", "title_raw": "Superheroes in Hong Kong's Political Resistance: Icons, Images, and Opposition", "abstract_raw": "In June 2013, explosive claims and illicit revelations of domestic and global American intelligence surveillance operations, hacking, and collaboration with US Internet and information technology behemoths rocked the world. Simultaneously, the mysterious emergence in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of runaway American intelligence contractor Edward J. Snowden at the heart of the intrigue shoved the small enclave to the fore of global geopolitics. Claiming to rely on Hong Kong's respect for the rule of law and tradition of dissent to shield him against American retaliation and extradition, the dubious protagonist's statements ingratiated himself to local political groups who petitioned Hong Kong and central Chinese governments not to send him back to the United States. During \u201cDefend Snowden\u201d demonstrations at the US consulate in Hong Kong involving hundreds of supporters, placards bearing the image of US President Barack Obama parodied, mocked, and ridiculed the leader of the free world using iconic adaptations of Captain America, George Orwell's \u201cBig Brother,\u201d and Shepard Fairey's Obama \u201cHope\u201d visuals. Instead of an icon of \u201cAmerican freedom and ideology\u201d (Serwer 2008) and an \u201cidealized American nation\u201d (Dittmer 2005, 627) Captain America, American president Barack Obama, and the United States of America were symbolically transformed into a signified Orwellian caped crusader threatening the world." }, { "paper": "2319375517", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2014", "title": "trust shaken earthquake damage state capacity and interpersonal trust in comparative perspective", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2013539116", "2135040847", "2274642341" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Trust Shaken: Earthquake Damage, State Capacity, and Interpersonal Trust in Comparative Perspective", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2149621952", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2014", "title": "no man can serve two masters party politicians party members citizens and principal agent models of democracy", "label": [ "96316394", "148834064", "199539241", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2160013477" ], "reference": [ "164275289", "611644800", "1965487459", "2018972251", "2027408464", "2036999860", "2062403243", "2063890925", "2105736111", "2106433138", "2127053522", "2144464222", "2190767068", "2483625349", "2487130496" ], "abstract": "both the classic mass party model of democracy and the more recent downsian model initially appear consistent with the same simple principal agent model of democratic party government once party", "title_raw": "No man can serve two masters Party politicians, party members, citizens and principal\u2013agent models of democracy", "abstract_raw": "Both the classic mass party model of democracy and the more recent Downsian model initially appear consistent with the same, simple, principal\u2013agent model of democratic party government. Once party..." }, { "paper": "2148756691", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2014", "title": "do something politics and double peaked policy preferences", "label": [ "2776748549", "148834064", "94625758", "2776650110" ], "author": [ "2120462748" ], "reference": [ "199238147", "359248696", "423194882", "563212741", "1498723358", "1515424492", "1517822292", "1908991493", "1973218120", "1987254383", "1990969594", "1992354224", "1993984443", "1999413783", "1999416603", "2010143351", "2017184608", "2023218010", "2027546838", "2030398623", "2030874315", "2034655079", "2035105348", "2037927976", "2043875203", "2044961916", "2046366440", "2049873724", "2062962096", "2083666706", "2083969644", "2085112571", "2093204136", "2096940599", "2115074743", "2115385361", "2117451471", "2129497696", "2129642147", "2131379912", "2135347062", "2139680069", "2142251194", "2145461824", "2148096022", "2151318005", "2151540419", "2154540361", "2157979842", "2161752832", "2169396720", "2169495003", "2318819457", "2319951792", "2322912595", "2323922183", "2328014176", "2328871959", "2333807990", "3017126865", "3118290130", "3124069454", "3125647857" ], "abstract": "when a public problem is perceived to be poorly addressed by current policy it is often the case that credible alternative policies are proposed to both the status quo s left and right specially designed national surveys show that in circumstances like these many americans preferences are not single peaked on the standard left right dimension rather they simply want the government to do something about the problem and therefore prefer both liberal and conservative policies to the moderate status quo this produces individual and collective preferences that are double peaked with respect to the left right dimension double peakedness is less prevalent on issues where no consensus exists regarding policy goals and it increases when exogenous events raise the public s concern about the seriousness of a policy problem", "title_raw": "''Do Something'' Politics and Double-Peaked Policy Preferences", "abstract_raw": "When a public problem is perceived to be poorly addressed by current policy, it is often the case that credible alternative policies are proposed to both the status quo\u2019s left and right. Specially designed national surveys show that in circumstances like these, many Americans\u2019 preferences are not single-peaked on the standard left-right dimension. Rather, they simply want the government to \u201cdo something\u201d about the problem and therefore prefer both liberal and conservative policies to the moderate status quo. This produces individual and collective preferences that are double-peaked with respect to the left-right dimension. Double-peakedness is less prevalent on issues where no consensus exists regarding policy goals, and it increases when exogenous events raise the public\u2019s concern about the seriousness of a policy problem." }, { "paper": "2140694296", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2014", "title": "influencing the bureaucracy the irony of congressional oversight", "label": [ "94625758", "51575053", "3116431", "119517565", "2780510313", "2781243023", "2779526050" ], "author": [ "2000385203", "3037143632", "2172578652" ], "reference": [ "82472794", "338913944", "569398357", "1516216046", "1554389949", "1592198067", "1595964953", "1601501831", "1809737314", "1919343167", "1968340035", "1972771549", "1977082364", "1978648732", "1981314212", "1981357072", "1992126783", "2002451181", "2006684590", "2031415207", "2032092660", "2034645929", "2035593435", "2044426131", "2055347466", "2055606466", "2055999525", "2056838509", "2062962096", "2074668239", "2077624378", "2080279551", "2090932881", "2092966972", "2094647264", "2103435747", "2105736111", "2114412976", "2119290332", "2121780426", "2123702243", "2127249496", "2128446039", "2141133777", "2149101205", "2149638841", "2164540423", "2170533065", "2315883986", "2318533274", "2319450507", "2321250341", "2325882878", "2327000313", "2328001391", "2331863120", "2333983184", "2334569505", "2492694680", "2726368154", "2799103378", "3122316573", "3122320101", "3125291208", "3125313962" ], "abstract": "does the president or congress have more influence over policymaking by the bureaucracy despite a wealth of theoretical guidance progress on this important question has proven elusive due to competing theoretical predictions and severe difficulties in measuring agency influence and oversight we use a survey of federal executives to assess political influence congressional oversight and the policy preferences of agencies committees and the president on a comparable scale analyzing variation in political influence across and within agencies reveals that congress is less influential relative to the white house when more committees are involved while increasing the number of involved committees may maximize the electoral benefits for members it may also undercut the ability of congress as an institution to collectively respond to the actions of the presidency or the bureaucracy", "title_raw": "Influencing the Bureaucracy: The Irony of Congressional Oversight", "abstract_raw": "Does the president or Congress have more influence over policymaking by the bureaucracy? Despite a wealth of theoretical guidance, progress on this important question has proven elusive due to competing theoretical predictions and severe difficulties in measuring agency influence and oversight. We use a survey of federal executives to assess political influence, congressional oversight, and the policy preferences of agencies, committees, and the president on a comparable scale. Analyzing variation in political influence across and within agencies reveals that Congress is less influential relative to the White House when more committees are involved. While increasing the number of involved committees may maximize the electoral benefits for members, it may also undercut the ability of Congress as an institution to collectively respond to the actions of the presidency or the bureaucracy." }, { "paper": "1987381404", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "right to try laws bypass fda for last ditch treatments", "label": [ "2777471088", "2776398702", "2777006572", "199539241", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2059982195" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "several state legislatures prodded by desperately ill patients and a libertarian think tank are defying federal regulators to make experimental drugs available to terminally ill patients outside of clinical trials the new laws called right to try went on the books in two states last month and are being considered in several others one company has already announced its plans to use the laws to offer its stem cell treatment well ahead of approval from the food and drug administration but skeptics say few companies will be willing to bear the costs and risks of offering a drug outside of its clinical trials especially if it means defying federal law", "title_raw": "\u2018Right to Try\u2019 laws bypass FDA for last-ditch treatments", "abstract_raw": "Several state legislatures, prodded by desperately ill patients and a libertarian think tank, are defying federal regulators to make experimental drugs available to terminally ill patients outside of clinical trials. The new laws, called Right to Try, went on the books in two states last month and are being considered in several others. One company has already announced its plans to use the laws to offer its stem cell treatment well ahead of approval from the Food and Drug Administration. But skeptics say few companies will be willing to bear the costs and risks of offering a drug outside of its clinical trials, especially if it means defying federal law." }, { "paper": "2033300941", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2014", "title": "early career funding big introductions", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "303834104" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "europe s starting grants are ideal for young researchers with big ideas and what it takes to bring them to life", "title_raw": "Early-career funding: Big introductions.", "abstract_raw": "Europe's Starting Grants are ideal for young researchers with big ideas and what it takes to bring them to life." }, { "paper": "1949219807", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2014", "title": "the mesmerising message the diffusion of populism in public debates in western european media", "label": [ "94625758", "201280247", "2775987171", "3116431", "526877150", "2780400262" ], "author": [ "1343431791" ], "reference": [ "27201535", "67332667", "137128685", "325872457", "627235981", "1488512088", "1512096531", "1522673365", "1965935299", "1970959363", "1971981319", "1976886383", "1982561415", "1984980761", "2009462403", "2013140493", "2015568663", "2016364797", "2016862978", "2027041854", "2027311422", "2028030974", "2028795336", "2034297910", "2039369385", "2041395607", "2042435131", "2051244161", "2057438835", "2061980801", "2070684809", "2073687476", "2077274797", "2080056892", "2081699202", "2082256787", "2084787750", "2091299841", "2101157160", "2104576549", "2116762083", "2120945826", "2136090427", "2149971088", "2152682959", "2153222072", "2162471553", "2314508890", "2465706771", "2472585440", "2473872818", "2474505457", "2481188461", "2482216357", "2482363280", "2494110382", "2500207941", "2501644185", "2585391483", "2598806254", "2890373521" ], "abstract": "electorally western european populist political parties have been rather successful in the last two decades but how pervasive is their actual populist message although some scholars have looked at the diffusion of this message they have only focused on the arena of party politics research on how widespread populism is beyond the party political sphere is still in its infancy this study looks at populism in public debates in the media based on a content analysis of opinion articles in newspapers in five western european countries i demonstrate that these debates have become more populist over the years and that the degree of populism is strongly related to the success of populist parties this indicates that populism is more widespread than previously assumed i also show that letters are more populist than other opinion articles and that debates in tabloid media are not more populist than debates in elite media", "title_raw": "The Mesmerising Message: The Diffusion of Populism in Public Debates in Western European Media:", "abstract_raw": "Electorally, Western European populist political parties have been rather successful in the last two decades. But how pervasive is their actual populist message? Although some scholars have looked at the diffusion of this message, they have only focused on the arena of party politics. Research on how widespread populism is beyond the party political sphere is still in its infancy. This study looks at populism in public debates in the media. Based on a content analysis of opinion articles in newspapers in five Western European countries, I demonstrate that these debates have become more populist over the years, and that the degree of populism is strongly related to the success of populist parties. This indicates that populism is more widespread than previously assumed. I also show that letters are more populist than other opinion articles and that debates in tabloid media are not more populist than debates in elite media." }, { "paper": "2003679837", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2014", "title": "bookreview food supply demand and trade aspects of the economic relationship between town and countryside middle ages 19th century", "label": [ "129047720" ], "author": [ "2102710021" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "piet van cruyningen and erik thoen eds food supply demand and trade aspects of the economic relationship between town and countryside middle ages 19th century turnhout brepols 2012 pp x 245 48 figs 27 tabs isbn 9782503512839 pbk 69", "title_raw": "Bookreview Food supply, demand and trade: aspects of the economic relationship between town and countryside (Middle Ages \u2013 19th century)", "abstract_raw": "Piet van Cruyningen and Erik Thoen, eds., Food supply, demand and trade: aspects of the economic relationship between town and countryside (middle ages\u201319th century) (Turnhout: Brepols, 2012). Pp. x + 245. 48 figs. 27 tabs. ISBN 9782503512839 Pbk. \u20ac69)" }, { "paper": "1990989913", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2014", "title": "cyber warfare and sino american crisis instability", "label": [ "171769113", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2474528174", "481232889" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "china and the us both recognise that an armed conflict between them would include cyber warfare but there is a curious and risky failure to connect the tactical military advantages of cyber attacks with the strategic hazards", "title_raw": "Cyber Warfare and Sino-American Crisis Instability", "abstract_raw": "China and the US both recognise that an armed conflict between them would include cyber warfare. But there is a curious and risky failure to connect the tactical military advantages of cyber attacks with the strategic hazards." }, { "paper": "2083293791", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2014", "title": "politics and public health the role of the us surgeon general", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2558368629" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Politics and public health\u2014the role of the US Surgeon General", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2046293451", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2014", "title": "do non citizens vote in u s elections", "label": [ "2779777834", "70036468", "61267812", "2780030507", "20871130", "2778584109", "2777897930", "156160270", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2127739182", "2337138779", "2036881129" ], "reference": [ "151758976", "425775259", "565206527", "597996496", "611144879", "612540183", "1502060897", "1817771786", "1952148407", "1973782931", "1995803528", "2029830525", "2052993233", "2075237244", "2103972398", "2105281104", "2165507089", "2588137037", "2915925445" ], "abstract": "in spite of substantial public controversy very little reliable data exists concerning the frequency with which non citizen immigrants participate in united states elections although such participation is a violation of election laws in most parts of the united states enforcement depends principally on disclosure of citizenship status at the time of voter registration this study examines participation rates by non citizens using a nationally representative sample that includes non citizen immigrants we find that some non citizens participate in u s elections and that this participation has been large enough to change meaningful election outcomes including electoral college votes and congressional elections non citizen votes likely gave senate democrats the pivotal 60th vote needed to overcome filibusters in order to pass health care reform and other obama administration priorities in the 111th congress", "title_raw": "Do non-citizens vote in U.S. elections?", "abstract_raw": "In spite of substantial public controversy, very little reliable data exists concerning the frequency with which non-citizen immigrants participate in United States elections. Although such participation is a violation of election laws in most parts of the United States, enforcement depends principally on disclosure of citizenship status at the time of voter registration. This study examines participation rates by non-citizens using a nationally representative sample that includes non-citizen immigrants. We find that some non-citizens participate in U.S. elections, and that this participation has been large enough to change meaningful election outcomes including Electoral College votes, and Congressional elections. Non-citizen votes likely gave Senate Democrats the pivotal 60th vote needed to overcome filibusters in order to pass health care reform and other Obama administration priorities in the 111th Congress." }, { "paper": "2020226846", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "embo at 50", "label": [ "39549134", "2776424047", "2777352838", "139268390" ], "author": [ "2342901391" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "figure 1 credit the royal society uk 50 years ago in 1964 the european molecular biology organization embo was founded by leading scientists who wished to create a network of cooperation in molecular biology since then embo has had a major influence on the life sciences in europe through important but often quite modest objectives and a clear mission to help scientists do their best research we should celebrate half a century of embo s achievements and ensure that it gets the visibility and support it deserves in this respect embo scientists are an important resource to promote the value of the organization and speak up for why we need to strengthen discovery research in the life sciences for the benefit of society figure 1 credit scanrail istockphoto com since the early days under the guidance of raymond appleyard embo has introduced activities to support the career advancement of young scientists and underrepresented groups in science and has launched a series of high quality peer reviewed journals it also has built strong courses and workshops and an embo fellowship program that is an internationally recognized label of excellence for a scientist embo has awarded approximately 6000 long term postdoctoral fellowships since 1964 established in 2000 the embo young investigator programme was one of the first initiatives in europe to recognize the needs of young scientists who lead research groups and has helped more than 300 such investigators establish their first independent laboratories many of them have become distinguished senior scientists and installation grants administered by embo are supporting young scientists who return to european countries where there are less developed infrastructures speaking more personally embo has been important to me in several ways it has provided my own training opportunities and has supported postdoctoral fellows in my laboratory in particular a dna cloning course held at the european molecular biology laboratory in 1980 played a crucial role in my early career it was organized by noreen and kenneth murray who were instrumental in developing a vaccine against hepatitis b the first genetically engineered vaccine approved for human use the course trained participants in gene cloning how to construct plasmid and phage vectors generate recombinant dna molecules and produce proteins in bacteria much of this work can be done with off the shelf kits today but not then the work was intense and exhausting but enormously instructive as a student i received lots of hands on experience and exposure to some of the great lecturers in molecular genetics i was starting my first independent laboratory at the university of sussex in the united kingdom and was making a transition from classical to molecular genetics with fission yeast to study the molecular basis of cell cycle control this change was made much easier by this course and i am sure many scientists worldwide have had similar embo experiences today the core of embo is its more than 1500 members and associate members some of the most renowned scientists worldwide this community is in an enviable position to build on the successes of embo s activities for researchers the input of the membership allows embo to guarantee the highest quality in its selection procedures for members and awards this expertise will continue to guide the future direction of the organization from objectives to support research to promoting sound science policies i encourage scientists to communicate more widely to the public funding agencies politicians policy makers and other opinion leaders about the accomplishments and goals of embo by effectively describing what embo has achieved in the life sciences we can argue for increased support to strengthen and expand its activities and ties with the international scientific community in the years ahead 1 pending yes", "title_raw": "EMBO at 50", "abstract_raw": "![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: THE ROYAL SOCIETY, UK\n\n50 years ago, in 1964, The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) was founded by leading scientists who wished to create a network of cooperation in molecular biology. Since then, EMBO has had a major influence on the life sciences in Europe through important but often quite modest objectives and a clear mission to help scientists do their best research. We should celebrate half a century of EMBO's achievements and ensure that it gets the visibility and support it deserves. In this respect, EMBO scientists are an important resource to promote the value of the organization and speak up for why we need to strengthen discovery research in the life sciences for the benefit of society.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: SCANRAIL/ISTOCKPHOTO.COM\n\nSince the early days under the guidance of Raymond Appleyard, EMBO has introduced activities to support the career advancement of young scientists and underrepresented groups in science and has launched a series of high-quality peer-reviewed journals. It also has built strong courses and workshops and an EMBO fellowship program that is an internationally recognized label of excellence for a scientist. EMBO has awarded approximately 6000 long-term postdoctoral fellowships since 1964. Established in 2000, the EMBO Young Investigator Programme was one of the first initiatives in Europe to recognize the needs of young scientists who lead research groups and has helped more than 300 such investigators establish their first independent laboratories. Many of them have become distinguished senior scientists. And installation grants administered by EMBO are supporting young scientists who return to European countries where there are less developed infrastructures.\n\nSpeaking more personally, EMBO has been important to me in several ways. It has provided my own training opportunities and has supported postdoctoral fellows in my laboratory. In particular, a DNA cloning course held at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in 1980 played a crucial role in my early career. It was organized by Noreen and Kenneth Murray, who were instrumental in developing a vaccine against hepatitis B, the first genetically engineered vaccine approved for human use. The course trained participants in gene cloning: how to construct plasmid and phage vectors, generate recombinant DNA molecules, and produce proteins in bacteria. Much of this work can be done with off-the-shelf kits today, but not then. The work was intense and exhausting but enormously instructive. As a student, I received lots of hands-on experience and exposure to some of the great lecturers in molecular genetics. I was starting my first independent laboratory at the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom and was making a transition from classical to molecular genetics with fission yeast to study the molecular basis of cell cycle control. This change was made much easier by this course, and I am sure many scientists worldwide have had similar EMBO experiences.\n\nToday, the core of EMBO is its more than 1500 members and associate members\u2014some of the most renowned scientists worldwide. This community is in an enviable position to build on the successes of EMBO's activities for researchers. The input of the membership allows EMBO to guarantee the highest quality in its selection procedures for members and awards. This expertise will continue to guide the future direction of the organization, from objectives to support research to promoting sound science policies. I encourage scientists to communicate more widely to the public, funding agencies, politicians, policy-makers, and other opinion leaders about the accomplishments and goals of EMBO. By effectively describing what EMBO has achieved in the life sciences, we can argue for increased support to strengthen and expand its activities and ties with the international scientific community in the years ahead.\n\n [1]: pending:yes" }, { "paper": "2030338502", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "sabotaged scientist sues yale and her lab chief", "label": [ "71745522" ], "author": [ "1621321188" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "magdalena koziol a former postdoc at yale university was the victim of scientific sabotage now she is suing the alleged perpetrator who she claims poisoned her zebrafish as well as her former boss at yale who she says became hostile and unsupportive after the sabotage was discovered and yale university the complex case raises a host of questions about research sabotage a type of misbehavior that some scientists believe is more common than the few known cases suggest", "title_raw": "Sabotaged Scientist Sues Yale and Her Lab Chief", "abstract_raw": "Magdalena Koziol, a former postdoc at Yale University, was the victim of scientific sabotage. Now, she is suing the alleged perpetrator, who she claims poisoned her zebrafish, as well as her former boss at Yale, who she says became hostile and unsupportive after the sabotage was discovered, and Yale University. The complex case raises a host of questions about research sabotage, a type of misbehavior that some scientists believe is more common than the few known cases suggest." }, { "paper": "2110949173", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2014", "title": "an education in politics the origin and evolution of no child left behind by jesse h rhodes ithaca ny cornell university press 2012 264 pp 29 95", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2102983512" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "An Education in Politics: The Origin and Evolution of No Child Left Behind by Jesse H. Rhodes. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2012. 264 pp. $29.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2093142291", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2014", "title": "brazil s angry middle class", "label": [ "2779233565", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2097469507" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the recent protests show that secure democracy and an absence of extremism are no guarantee of domestic stability", "title_raw": "Brazil's Angry Middle Class", "abstract_raw": "The recent protests show that secure democracy and an absence of extremism are no guarantee of domestic stability." }, { "paper": "2114469013", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2014", "title": "it takes a black candidate a supply side theory of minority representation", "label": [ "2777094542", "137403100", "2776359362", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2109437435" ], "reference": [ "64149349", "591524452", "602886525", "612875058", "1500424666", "1957499789", "1963600299", "1967816311", "1970403377", "1984328211", "1988874185", "2002480571", "2015483740", "2019139367", "2024315566", "2035250785", "2043624910", "2049792226", "2057913743", "2069468135", "2080059679", "2096106579", "2097499687", "2114342910", "2117581077", "2120805179", "2130118957", "2132675442", "2134557524", "2142438898", "2147081412", "2148225801", "2152093201", "2159863502", "2170342636", "2182513250", "2320596828", "2335393025", "2336334857", "2626085550", "3122632052", "3126098944" ], "abstract": "the ongoing underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities in most levels of office continues to warrant our attention however scholars have only focused on what factors contribute to the electoral success of minorities without attention to a vital precursor the supply of minority candidates using data from the local elections in america project this study provides one of the first glimpses into the supply side of minority representation detailing how demographic electoral and political factors affect the likelihood a black candidate is on the ballot and the subsequent impact on the likelihood of a black candidate winning", "title_raw": "It Takes a Black Candidate A Supply-Side Theory of Minority Representation", "abstract_raw": "The ongoing underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities in most levels of office continues to warrant our attention. However, scholars have only focused on what factors contribute to the electoral success of minorities, without attention to a vital precursor\u2014the supply of minority candidates. Using data from the Local Elections in America Project, this study provides one of the first glimpses into the supply side of minority representation, detailing how demographic, electoral, and political factors affect the likelihood a black candidate is on the ballot, and the subsequent impact on the likelihood of a black candidate winning." }, { "paper": "2557998366", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2014", "title": "how hamas won", "label": [ "58250639", "3116431", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2633631430" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Hamas Won", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2559041797", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2014", "title": "better safe than sorry", "label": [ "2777095168", "199539241", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2759219581" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Better Safe than Sorry", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2040294704", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "play it again uncle sam", "label": [ "148834064", "2776554220", "2780328347", "197487636", "199539241", "70789860" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a report out this week urging the u s government to lift spending on basic research to historically high levels will sound familiar to science policy wonks but the argument that an investment in basic research is the best way to ensure prosperity and preserve the american dream is more relevant than ever says neal lane former presidential science adviser and co chair of a panel of distinguished academics and business leaders assembled by the american academy of arts sciences referring to a raft of similar reports in the past decade lane says the response from policymakers to date has been disappointing but you can9t give up on the political process", "title_raw": "Play it again, Uncle Sam", "abstract_raw": "A report out this week urging the U.S. government to lift spending on basic research to historically high levels will sound familiar to science policy wonks. But the argument that an investment in basic research is the best way to ensure prosperity and preserve the American dream is more relevant than ever, says Neal Lane, former presidential science adviser and co-chair of a panel of distinguished academics and business leaders assembled by the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Referring to a raft of similar reports in the past decade, Lane says \"the response from policymakers to date has been disappointing. But you can9t give up on the political process.\"" }, { "paper": "2114603938", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2014", "title": "a turn toward experimentalism rethinking security and governance in the twenty first century", "label": [ "2780005421", "203133693", "2779777834", "511782119" ], "author": [ "2148316369", "2312500087" ], "reference": [ "4371184", "20634979", "44552204", "118955740", "165092917", "189000577", "323342833", "356745196", "570196025", "573266640", "574026539", "586939877", "589849471", "597305621", "599994337", "610233866", "620525867", "622284105", "657259053", "1042472937", "1482613765", "1482970731", "1489329356", "1495593927", "1501085861", "1516677125", "1518464779", "1520641906", "1542158566", "1556896453", "1559403323", "1573406745", "1576727408", "1608457708", "1894666189", "1915735612", "1966031143", "1970176283", "1981190426", "1984374639", "1991994703", "2001029568", "2023403348", "2026062883", "2028833912", "2060620965", "2060886834", "2064861031", "2077605190", "2077729868", "2078438988", "2083633156", "2085567903", "2088656885", "2093248821", "2100666645", "2102099651", "2108527263", "2111287065", "2112329845", "2116422620", "2119577332", "2120079361", "2124974251", "2129755491", "2130631968", "2145996254", "2146831202", "2158461257", "2158616796", "2159691769", "2161575102", "2162782791", "2162961414", "2165975513", "2273277734", "2314747767", "2485272301", "2499403451", "2553152404", "2623959138", "2887451788", "2900123255", "3121299265", "3123732438", "3123882897", "3124381591", "3124853519", "3125845041" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A turn toward experimentalism? Rethinking security and governance in the twenty-first century", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3124090329", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2014", "title": "immunity ratione personae of foreign government officials and other topics the sixty fifth session of the international law commission", "label": [ "2776034101", "2776398702", "55447825", "2780252646", "148834064", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2579672349" ], "reference": [ "314247638", "652540695", "1550150996", "2485982349", "3125379764" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Immunity Ratione Personae of Foreign Government Officials and other Topics: The Sixty-Fifth Session of the International Law Commission", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1980782464", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2014", "title": "institutions and the stabilization of party systems in the new democracies of central and eastern europe", "label": [ "197487636", "3020650785", "2781243023", "59742305" ], "author": [ "2106030450", "2245861669" ], "reference": [ "427037191", "645233587", "1488126443", "1504705384", "1510782046", "1533099568", "1547424880", "1565589301", "1576597507", "1597709720", "1940360790", "1964091636", "1964378297", "1966776506", "1975357734", "1981894979", "1995782651", "1999096165", "2002145868", "2005101856", "2010965976", "2014646785", "2020497411", "2022212390", "2025291586", "2034169240", "2034189343", "2035587687", "2045509200", "2047359831", "2048005607", "2056720499", "2057494961", "2059923281", "2060176842", "2066310344", "2075195010", "2076440205", "2077636920", "2082460056", "2092895344", "2099154444", "2101905605", "2103281731", "2111625722", "2118086305", "2118211141", "2120819167", "2132265430", "2136183491", "2144168463", "2151796435", "2152534933", "2152682034", "2152861672", "2154825321", "2163229605", "2163710075", "2165274459", "2170501242", "2321731100", "2323976883", "2344503749", "2586656675", "3021735420", "3033193304", "3121521861", "3125554979", "3151059310" ], "abstract": "most explanations of party system stability focus on the strength of mass elite linkages we highlight the role of institutions focusing on how electoral rules and elected institutions especially the presidency impact elites incentives to coordinate on a stable set of parties or to form new parties thus affecting electoral volatility using central and eastern european elections data we find that directly elected presidents increase volatility and that presidential power magnifies this effect absent a directly elected president high district magnitude is associated with increased volatility but district magnitude dampens the impact of an elected president on volatility hence our findings underscore the interactive impact of institutions on party systems we also find evidence that bicameralism and concurrence of presidential and parliamentary elections decrease electoral volatility our model not only explains persistently high electoral volatility in eastern europe but the extreme stability of western european party systems", "title_raw": "Institutions and the stabilization of party systems in the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe", "abstract_raw": "Most explanations of party system stability focus on the strength of mass-elite linkages. We highlight the role of institutions, focusing on how electoral rules and elected institutions, especially the presidency, impact elites' incentives to coordinate on a stable set of parties or to form new parties, thus affecting electoral volatility. Using Central and Eastern European elections data, we find that directly elected presidents increase volatility and that presidential power magnifies this effect. Absent a directly elected president, high district magnitude is associated with increased volatility, but district magnitude dampens the impact of an elected president on volatility; hence, our findings underscore the interactive impact of institutions on party systems. We also find evidence that bicameralism and concurrence of presidential and parliamentary elections decrease electoral volatility. Our model not only explains persistently high electoral volatility in Eastern Europe, but the extreme stability of Western European party systems." }, { "paper": "2041364702", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2014", "title": "commentary austerity metrics and the restructuring of public higher education", "label": [ "45237549", "120912362", "94625758", "69828861" ], "author": [ "1995161973" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "undergone a sea change with less than 10 percent of their budgets now attributable to tax levy public money th e city university of new york has lost more than a half billion dollars of its public funding in the past fi ve years th e california systems have also been targeted for similar cuts with the politics of austerity policy privatized forms of revenue most notably tuition have replaced public funding th e calculus is simple as public funding declines private forms michael b fabricant", "title_raw": "Commentary: Austerity Metrics and the Restructuring of Public Higher Education", "abstract_raw": "undergone a sea change, with less than 10 percent of their budgets now attributable to tax-levy public money. Th e City University of New York has lost more than a half billion dollars of its public funding in the past fi ve years. Th e California systems have also been targeted for similar cuts. With the politics of austerity policy, privatized forms of revenue, most notably tuition, have replaced public funding. Th e calculus is simple: as public funding declines, private forms Michael B. Fabricant" }, { "paper": "2008251774", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2014", "title": "australian cuts rile researchers", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2011076267" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Australian cuts rile researchers", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2045017337", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "job change lands egyptian scientist in legal battle", "label": [ "199539241", "2780919976", "48798503" ], "author": [ "2503867636" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "misr university for science technology must near cairo has filed suit against one of its former employees rania siam claiming that her resignation damaged its reputation and caused it to forfeit a grant siam has been ordered by an egyptian court to pay must 63 000 the feud casts a spotlight on what kind of compensation universities can claim when a promising faculty member jumps ship", "title_raw": "Job Change Lands Egyptian Scientist in Legal Battle", "abstract_raw": "Misr University for Science & Technology (MUST) near Cairo has filed suit against one of its former employees, Rania Siam, claiming that her resignation damaged its reputation and caused it to forfeit a grant. Siam has been ordered by an Egyptian court to pay MUST $63,000. The feud casts a spotlight on what kind of compensation universities can claim when a promising faculty member jumps ship." }, { "paper": "2138281323", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2014", "title": "managing group interests in china", "label": [ "2776051254", "46295352", "2780623907", "148834064", "191935318", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2630979406" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "social groups are motivated to pursue their interests what needs to be explained are the factors that determine their ability to achieve what they want nondemocracies can be simply the rule of the rich because of the mutual dependence or the exchange relationship that exists between resourceful groups and the government however this exchange relationship does not explain how weak groups have successfully pursued their interests in china both powerful and weak groups have achieved their pursuits this paper seeks to explain why this is the case it finds that social groups in china may have access to different sources of power the presence of different sources expands the space for political participation when disadvantaged groups are given opportunities to pursue their interests the regime s legitimacy and resilience can be enhanced", "title_raw": "Managing Group Interests in China", "abstract_raw": "Social groups are motivated to pursue their interests. What needs to be explained are the factors that determine their ability to achieve what they want. Nondemocracies can be \u201csimply the rule of the rich\u201d because of the mutual dependence or the exchange relationship that exists between resourceful groups and the government. However, this exchange relationship does not explain how weak groups have successfully pursued their interests. In China, both powerful and weak groups have achieved their pursuits. This paper seeks to explain why this is the case. It finds that social groups in China may have access to different sources of power. The presence of different sources expands the space for political participation. When disadvantaged groups are given opportunities to pursue their interests, the regime\u2019s legitimacy and resilience can be enhanced." }, { "paper": "2308241873", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2014", "title": "in wake of espionage revelations united states declines to reach comprehensive intelligence agreement with germany", "label": [ "558872910" ], "author": [ "1908532719", "2085798786" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "In Wake of Espionage Revelations, United States Declines to Reach Comprehensive Intelligence Agreement with Germany", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2077030295", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2014", "title": "the timeline of presidential elections how campaigns do and do not matter", "label": [ "197487636" ], "author": [ "109299089" ], "reference": [ "1534539087", "2118012462" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Timeline of Presidential Elections: How Campaigns Do (and Do Not) Matter", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2106662293", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2014", "title": "jordan caught in the middle again", "label": [ "199539241", "81631423", "3651065", "48798503" ], "author": [ "2605409920" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "to mark the tenth anniversary of the iiss manama dialogue process and to capitalise on the new light it has shed on security issues in the gulf and the wider middle east this adelphi brings together the results of two workshops held by iiss in its middle east office in manama featuring essays by nine iiss analysts and a number of outside experts the book examines the most important geostrategic issues in the region including the myriad security challenges it faces these interlinked papers focus in particular on the regional ramifications of the civil war in syria and the effects of the united states changing posture in the middle east the aim of this adelphi is to both highlight and develop the ongoing discussions and debates about gulf security that have taken place in the manama dialogue over the previous decade and that will continue to do so over the next ten years as such it capitalises on the iiss s global reputation not only as the world leader in convening para diplomatic events but also", "title_raw": "Jordan: Caught in the Middle Again", "abstract_raw": "To mark the tenth anniversary of the IISS Manama Dialogue process and to capitalise on the new light it has shed on security issues in the Gulf and the wider Middle East, this Adelphi brings together the results of two workshops held by IISS in its Middle East office in Manama. Featuring essays by nine IISS analysts and a number of outside experts, the book examines the most important geostrategic issues in the region, including the myriad security challenges it faces. These interlinked papers focus in particular on the regional ramifications of the civil war in Syria and the effects of the United States changing posture in the Middle East.The aim of this Adelphi is to both highlight and develop the ongoing discussions and debates about Gulf security that have taken place in the Manama Dialogue over the previous decade, and that will continue to do so over the next ten years. As such, it capitalises on the IISS's global reputation not only as the world leader in convening para-diplomatic events, but also ..." }, { "paper": "3013652566", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2014", "title": "citizenship and the origins of women s history in the united states", "label": [ "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2267111874" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Citizenship and the Origins of Women's History in the United States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1990470606", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2014", "title": "tightness looseness across the 50 united states", "label": [ "2778999518", "142172996", "53001019" ], "author": [ "2217988573", "2159876906" ], "reference": [ "618248419", "1509245669", "1570666091", "1601330966", "1725435973", "1980686983", "1984188697", "1992761168", "2015077231", "2032882307", "2032982813", "2040603241", "2047662493", "2057975851", "2068131262", "2071290975", "2071869565", "2104173111", "2109234365", "2119432837", "2123329834", "2138967823", "2161411308", "2163984563", "2322338301", "2625385308", "2767879018" ], "abstract": "this research demonstrates wide variation in tightness looseness the strength of punishment and degree of latitude permissiveness at the state level in the united states as well as its association with a variety of ecological and historical factors psychological characteristics and state level outcomes consistent with theory and past research ecological and man made threats such as a higher incidence of natural disasters greater disease prevalence fewer natural resources and greater degree of external threat predicted increased tightness at the state level tightness is also associated with higher trait conscientiousness and lower trait openness as well as a wide array of outcomes at the state level compared with loose states tight states have higher levels of social stability including lowered drug and alcohol use lower rates of homelessness and lower social disorganization however tight states also have higher incarceration rates greater discrimination and inequality lower creativity and lower happiness relative to loose states in all tightness looseness provides a parsimonious explanation of the wide variation we see across the 50 states of the united states of america", "title_raw": "Tightness-looseness across the 50 united states.", "abstract_raw": "This research demonstrates wide variation in tightness\u2013looseness (the strength of punishment and degree of latitude/permissiveness) at the state level in the United States, as well as its association with a variety of ecological and historical factors, psychological characteristics, and state-level outcomes. Consistent with theory and past research, ecological and man-made threats\u2014such as a higher incidence of natural disasters, greater disease prevalence, fewer natural resources, and greater degree of external threat\u2014predicted increased tightness at the state level. Tightness is also associated with higher trait conscientiousness and lower trait openness, as well as a wide array of outcomes at the state level. Compared with loose states, tight states have higher levels of social stability, including lowered drug and alcohol use, lower rates of homelessness, and lower social disorganization. However, tight states also have higher incarceration rates, greater discrimination and inequality, lower creativity, and lower happiness relative to loose states. In all, tightness\u2013looseness provides a parsimonious explanation of the wide variation we see across the 50 states of the United States of America." }, { "paper": "2572839410", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2014", "title": "no tiananmen redux", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2650174201" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "No Tiananmen Redux", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2042666674", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2014", "title": "evaluating sustainability education lessons from international development experience", "label": [ "120912362", "79434189", "5395021", "87616379" ], "author": [ "2008303767", "2427657233" ], "reference": [ "11895049", "107371108", "108254754", "115394847", "140482872", "196998019", "643157505", "806933157", "1518344919", "1578474720", "1597034787", "1727910954", "1974790764", "1977470335", "1981665776", "1986631629", "2028609658", "2038028901", "2039422587", "2058619349", "2062368107", "2064032882", "2064102874", "2073785239", "2074998782", "2086186424", "2088346900", "2089070970", "2099706748", "2114815519", "2127064716", "2130394320", "2132107407", "2146725124", "2149717149", "2154530098", "2158153250", "2165820560", "2172206603", "2172701873", "2240890552", "2277054938", "2288561142", "2298604932", "2301607506", "2477395214", "2482810769", "2482943523", "2493391627", "2495529536", "2562076346", "2563968036", "2575680045", "2593126963", "2599484630", "2602923389", "2615750935", "2736397003", "2798027188", "2982677202", "3134760840" ], "abstract": "since the mid 1970s a series of international declarations that recognize the critical link between environmental sustainability and higher education have been endorsed and signed by universities around the world while academic initiatives in sustainability are blossoming higher education lacks a comprehensive evaluation framework that is specifically tailored to the challenges of assessing sustainability programs the article elaborates a novel framework for assessing the diverse set of higher education curricular research and community outreach programs devoted to sustainability based on critical review of quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods and on lessons drawn from experience in international development the proposed multidimensional evaluation framework links process outputs outcomes impacts and continuous programmatic improvement based on sustained contextually relevant observations it engages three core purposes management evaluation capacity and capability development evaluation and sustainability evaluation embedded in these purposes are key evaluation criteria adapted from an assessment of undp contributions to national development long term outcomes and impacts evidence of cross disciplinary and cross institutional synergy and resource mobilization for program enhancement along with practical examples of evaluation approaches used by universities in europe japan and the united states and the lessons that academic sustainability evaluators can draw from these practices competencies required of graduates from sustainability programs are identified the specific evaluative questions and methods presented offer universities a useful conceptually grounded framework for adaptation and application in academic sustainability assessments", "title_raw": "Evaluating sustainability education: lessons from international development experience", "abstract_raw": "Since the mid 1970s, a series of international declarations that recognize the critical link between environmental sustainability and higher education have been endorsed and signed by universities around the world. While academic initiatives in sustainability are blossoming, higher education lacks a comprehensive evaluation framework that is specifically tailored to the challenges of assessing sustainability programs. The article elaborates a novel framework for assessing the diverse set of higher-education curricular, research, and community-outreach programs devoted to sustainability based on critical review of quantitative- and qualitative-evaluation methods and on lessons drawn from experience in international development. The proposed multidimensional evaluation framework links process, outputs, outcomes, impacts, and continuous programmatic improvement based on sustained, contextually relevant observations. It engages three core purposes: management evaluation, capacity- and capability-development evaluation, and sustainability evaluation. Embedded in these purposes are key evaluation criteria adapted from an assessment of UNDP contributions to national development: long-term outcomes and impacts; evidence of cross-disciplinary and cross-institutional synergy; and resource mobilization for program enhancement. Along with practical examples of evaluation approaches used by universities in Europe, Japan, and the United States and the lessons that academic sustainability evaluators can draw from these practices, competencies required of graduates from sustainability programs are identified. The specific evaluative questions and methods presented offer universities a useful, conceptually grounded framework for adaptation and application in academic-sustainability assessments." }, { "paper": "2095124457", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2014", "title": "yan guo shaping china s public health policy", "label": [ "191935318", "3116431", "2909449942", "520712124", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2156240877" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Yan Guo: shaping China's public health policy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2084889350", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2014", "title": "the transferrable postdoc", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2316802901" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "now more than ever experts say postdoctoral fellows need to cultivate a broad base of beyond the bench skills and capitalize on transferring them to the next stage of their career to be as competitive as possible in today s competitive job market it is vitally important for postdocs to accumulate skill sets on their cvs right alongside their publications whether their next career move is research based or not postdocs who repurpose their lab leadership and project management skills into star candidate qualities have an advantage when looking to step into their next position", "title_raw": "The transferrable postdoc", "abstract_raw": "Now more than ever, experts say, postdoctoral fellows need to cultivate a broad base of beyond-the-bench skills and capitalize on transferring them to the next stage of their career to be as competitive as possible. In today's competitive job market, it is vitally important for postdocs to accumulate skill sets on their CVs right alongside their publications\u2013whether their next career move is research-based or not. Postdocs who repurpose their lab leadership and project management skills into star candidate qualities have an advantage when looking to step into their next position." }, { "paper": "1978749690", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2014", "title": "updating the party government data set", "label": [ "94625758", "148834064", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2274574607", "2157273945" ], "reference": [ "633204772", "1504986632", "1517071173", "1520216694", "1522977723", "1898211633", "1963754353", "1965451745", "1984550052", "1994435839", "1998110205", "2016627412", "2037757433", "2055789571", "2059390794", "2066331626", "2068430331", "2094678909", "2105095305", "2118984038", "2123900583", "2125489212", "2151964873", "2172010066", "2315530164", "2461762517", "2499355269", "2506290756", "2745368811", "2755130740", "3121931873" ], "abstract": "scholars have identified the crucial role of government characteristics in studies of political behavior comparative institutions and political economy an invaluable data source for government characteristics is the woldendorp et al 2000 party government in 48 democracies data set we describe our update to this data set from the late 1990s through 2011 we then present a variety of additions to the data set that are intended to increase its usage by reducing the obstacles associated with using the data in conjunction with other popular data sets we illustrate the utility of this update by providing a variety of means of conceptualizing government stability", "title_raw": "Updating the Party Government data set", "abstract_raw": "Scholars have identified the crucial role of government characteristics in studies of political behavior, comparative institutions, and political economy. An invaluable data source for government characteristics is the Woldendorp et al. (2000)Party Government in 48 Democracies data set. We describe our update to this data set from the late-1990s through 2011. We then present a variety of additions to the data set that are intended to increase its usage by reducing the obstacles associated with using the data in conjunction with other popular data sets. We illustrate the utility of this update by providing a variety of means of conceptualizing government stability." }, { "paper": "2081763085", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2014", "title": "biomedicine the changing face of primate research", "label": [ "538525177", "2779220109", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2106465385" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Biomedicine: The changing face of primate research", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2109844101", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2014", "title": "higher education and world politics", "label": [ "94625758", "538383745", "3116431", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2256888691", "2110034205" ], "reference": [ "216269487", "591262828", "637268824", "1481161589", "1509833972", "1758813148", "2123154495" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Higher Education and World Politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2046959046", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2014", "title": "why leadership matters to internal communication linking transformational leadership symmetrical communication and employee outcomes", "label": [ "38775462", "39549134", "71156930", "7225491" ], "author": [ "2633642477" ], "reference": [ "79937781", "187734289", "230252412", "596386093", "1501873504", "1505385435", "1510003388", "1528622076", "1551881152", "1665332082", "1693731968", "1964300306", "1964585266", "1966205594", "1968973086", "1969913126", "1977849707", "1978836688", "1982676269", "1983251277", "1986685492", "1989633113", "1989644691", "2001100425", "2003142017", "2006806725", "2010033753", "2011641750", "2012055217", "2013559162", "2016406646", "2017288619", "2025947665", "2026586726", "2028275946", "2032385592", "2033286086", "2036149274", "2039898018", "2041204043", "2044587664", "2047514118", "2048226819", "2049525547", "2051826965", "2055942833", "2057683109", "2057878247", "2061564019", "2065289879", "2065423990", "2071666535", "2071801215", "2072401164", "2079554872", "2080760346", "2083098478", "2085684184", "2087062259", "2093804816", "2094634431", "2097922125", "2098353584", "2110952115", "2112693401", "2113193688", "2119861206", "2122078113", "2122955616", "2133852283", "2140918013", "2142361186", "2153052840", "2167533677", "2167623651", "2168014017", "2208497725", "2322233365", "2410977783", "2586608645", "2737874959", "2900927010", "2992049638", "3011074188", "3041487425", "3201512154" ], "abstract": "this study examines how organizational leadership influences excellent internal communication by building the linkage between transformational leadership symmetrical communication and employee attitudinal and behavioral outcomes the results showed that transformational leadership positively influences the organization s symmetrical communication system and employee organization relationships the effects of transformational leadership on employee relational outcomes are partially mediated by symmetrical internal communication symmetrical communication demonstrates large positive effect on the quality of employee organization relationships which in turn leads to employee advocacy effects of symmetrical internal communication on employee advocacy are fully mediated by employee organization relationships significant theoretical and practical implications are discussed", "title_raw": "Why Leadership Matters to Internal Communication: Linking Transformational Leadership, Symmetrical Communication, and Employee Outcomes", "abstract_raw": "This study examines how organizational leadership influences excellent internal communication by building the linkage between transformational leadership, symmetrical communication, and employee attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. The results showed that transformational leadership positively influences the organization's symmetrical communication system and employee\u2013organization relationships. The effects of transformational leadership on employee relational outcomes are partially mediated by symmetrical internal communication. Symmetrical communication demonstrates large positive effect on the quality of employee\u2013organization relationships, which in turn leads to employee advocacy. Effects of symmetrical internal communication on employee advocacy are fully mediated by employee\u2013organization relationships. Significant theoretical and practical implications are discussed." }, { "paper": "2575575057", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2014", "title": "pakistan fights back", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2193697035" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Pakistan Fights Back", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2007602326", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2014", "title": "policy statement coherence a methodological proposal to assess environmental public policies applied to water in chile", "label": [ "109986646", "111874474", "203566152", "123587114", "3116431", "513891491" ], "author": [ "2551483732", "2464293841", "1109864272", "2670852281" ], "reference": [ "1490065266", "1492541392", "1521440900", "1527958366", "1748189926", "1889275182", "1912784690", "1976315084", "1986232985", "2041568030", "2041872232", "2076433836", "2082847409", "2088090440", "2108090653", "2147922190", "2161779719", "2167360485", "2313995259", "2995653052", "3018895730", "3122998044" ], "abstract": "abstract research on analytical and assessment methods regarding environmental policies are scarce despite the growing concern on environmental topics within governments and civil society this proposal addresses such gap by offering a methodological tool used to elaborate monitor and reformulate environmental policies by using the theory of policy domains we developed an analytical framework consisting of topics and objectives that build the environmental public policy domain from which we assess its degree of coherence with the environmental regulatory response this methodology called policy statement coherence will contribute towards the understanding of public policy formulation and implementation processes an important methodological contribution in this field of research this proposal revolves around the analysis of water policies in chile", "title_raw": "Policy statement coherence: A methodological proposal to assess environmental public policies applied to water in Chile", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Research on analytical and assessment methods regarding environmental policies are scarce, despite the growing concern on environmental topics within governments and civil society. This proposal addresses such gap by offering a methodological tool used to elaborate, monitor and reformulate environmental policies. By using the theory of policy domains, we developed an analytical framework consisting of topics and objectives that build the environmental public policy domain, from which we assess its degree of coherence with the environmental regulatory response. This methodology, called policy statement coherence, will contribute towards the understanding of public policy formulation and implementation processes, an important methodological contribution in this field of research. This proposal revolves around the analysis of water policies in Chile." }, { "paper": "2061930675", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2014", "title": "communicating for organisational legitimacy the case of the potchefstroom fire protection association", "label": [ "2780076394", "201305675", "39549134", "46295352", "2776424047" ], "author": [ "1986072827" ], "reference": [ "59849594", "123514111", "214224589", "641072430", "1485977648", "1501873504", "1513127567", "1550411725", "1578733514", "1579017863", "1607073065", "1781712444", "1968973086", "1970061279", "1971065534", "1979486965", "1988816422", "1991464492", "1996075840", "2002181825", "2003763248", "2006141946", "2006873532", "2030148938", "2032792793", "2045181804", "2046613683", "2048752781", "2078662969", "2085917429", "2089206828", "2094024559", "2110506551", "2113653330", "2152220895", "2161005137", "2162412465", "2240381321", "2594131981", "3000987374", "3011074188", "3011143865", "3201512154" ], "abstract": "abstract the potchefstroom fire protection association fpa has an important role in preventing and managing veld fires in the tlokwe local municipality s rural environment the fpa works closely with several governmental stakeholders but these stakeholders do not view the fpa as having high levels of organisational legitimacy a lack of organisational legitimacy hinders the fpa in obtaining its organisational goals theoretically a npo s role is dependent on its values as embodied in its vision mission and goals statement managing communication strategically to build strong relationships with key governmental stakeholders should assist npos to obtain and maintain organisational legitimacy the purpose of the research was to determine by means of semi structured interviews the perceptions of the fpa and its key governmental stakeholders on the role of the fpa as well as the quality of its stakeholder relationships and the effect of these perceptions on the fpa s perceived organisational legitimacy the study confirmed the theoretical relationship between organisational legitimacy strategic communication and relationship management and a clear value based role it was recommended that npos should strive to establish two way communication with key governmental stakeholders to enhance mutual understanding of as well as mutual control during veld fires", "title_raw": "Communicating for organisational legitimacy: The case of the Potchefstroom Fire Protection Association", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The Potchefstroom Fire Protection Association (FPA) has an important role in preventing and managing veld fires in the Tlokwe Local Municipality's rural environment. The FPA works closely with several governmental stakeholders, but these stakeholders do not view the FPA as having high levels of organisational legitimacy. A lack of organisational legitimacy hinders the FPA in obtaining its organisational goals. Theoretically, a NPO's role is dependent on its values, as embodied in its vision, mission and goals statement. Managing communication strategically to build strong relationships with key governmental stakeholders should assist NPOs to obtain and maintain organisational legitimacy. The purpose of the research was to determine by means of semi-structured interviews the perceptions of the FPA and its key governmental stakeholders on the role of the FPA as well as the quality of its stakeholder relationships, and the effect of these perceptions on the FPA's perceived organisational legitimacy. The study confirmed the theoretical relationship between organisational legitimacy, strategic communication and relationship management and a clear, value-based role. It was recommended that NPOs should strive to establish two-way communication with key governmental stakeholders to enhance mutual understanding of as well as mutual control during veld fires." }, { "paper": "2130992578", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2014", "title": "interstate relations perceptions and power balance explaining china s policies toward ethnic groups 1949 1965", "label": [ "191935318", "3116431", "2776398702", "137403100" ], "author": [ "2099706415", "1995693147" ], "reference": [ "8530505", "245881239" ], "abstract": "why do multi ethnic states treat various ethnic groups differently how do ethnic groups respond to these state policies we argue that interstate relations and ethnic group perceptions about the relative strength of competing states are important but neglected factors in accounting for the variation in state ethnic group relations in particular whether an ethnic group is perceived as having an external patron matters a great deal for the host state s treatment of the group if the external patron of the ethnic group is an enemy of the host state then repression is likely if it is an ally then accommodation ensues given the existence of an external patron an ethnic group s response to a host state s policies depends on the perceptions about the relative strength of the external patron vis a vis the host state and whether the support is originating from an enemy or an ally of the host state we present five configurations and illustrate our theoretical framework on the eighteen largest ethnic groups", "title_raw": "Interstate Relations, Perceptions, and Power Balance: Explaining China\u2019s Policies Toward Ethnic Groups, 1949\u20131965", "abstract_raw": "Why do multi-ethnic states treat various ethnic groups differently? How do ethnic groups respond to these state policies? We argue that interstate relations and ethnic group perceptions about the relative strength of competing states are important\u2014but neglected\u2014factors in accounting for the variation in state-ethnic group relations. In particular, whether an ethnic group is perceived as having an external patron matters a great deal for the host state's treatment of the group. If the external patron of the ethnic group is an enemy of the host state, then repression is likely. If it is an ally, then accommodation ensues. Given the existence of an external patron, an ethnic group's response to a host state's policies depends on the perceptions about the relative strength of the external patron vis-a-vis the host state and whether the support is originating from an enemy or an ally of the host state. We present five configurations and illustrate our theoretical framework on the eighteen largest ethnic groups..." }, { "paper": "2076321392", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2014", "title": "political scandal in american politics", "label": [ "522562087", "2778430575" ], "author": [ "2032362488" ], "reference": [ "325141426", "368539568", "621310887", "1519707662", "2055925524", "2094280071", "2107629008", "2119471092", "2123594121", "2127991753", "2141267101" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Scandal in American Politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2127994900", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2014", "title": "identifying and understanding perceived inequities in local politics", "label": [ "137403100", "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1415487774", "2005261353" ], "reference": [ "234703418", "284612710", "568527418", "573370468", "614917022", "1531080730", "1540157508", "1552466412", "1703605101", "1968036644", "1972654654", "1974349218", "1987896814", "1988989142", "1993764443", "1994217034", "1996247850", "2003867873", "2004185949", "2005089707", "2005598086", "2012816589", "2018008900", "2021508007", "2023727628", "2026983239", "2030398623", "2031340404", "2039576561", "2051801212", "2054456439", "2097499687", "2102421013", "2106117743", "2109400792", "2115074743", "2125202429", "2130405168", "2134848574", "2139387599", "2143202124", "2143525421", "2144677745", "2145997124", "2148979333", "2149257645", "2149833781", "2153905562", "2160702389", "2160901108", "2297880075", "2315083809", "2318613154", "2323421821", "2325462834", "2330320499", "2333138248", "2481867394", "2481926013" ], "abstract": "although there is widespread concern about bias in american democracy convincing tests of differential responsiveness are rare we use a unique data set that surveys the views of a large cross section of urban residents to provide greater insight into this question we demonstrate clear differences in perceived responsiveness across demographic and political groups with racial and ethnic minorities the poor and liberals expressing less satisfaction with local outcomes our analysis suggests that these differences are unlikely to be due to underlying differences in individual attitudes but instead appear to stem from real differences in local conditions and perceived governmental responsiveness", "title_raw": "Identifying and Understanding Perceived Inequities in Local Politics", "abstract_raw": "Although there is widespread concern about bias in American democracy, convincing tests of differential responsiveness are rare. We use a unique data set that surveys the views of a large cross-section of urban residents to provide greater insight into this question. We demonstrate clear differences in perceived responsiveness across demographic and political groups with racial and ethnic minorities, the poor, and liberals expressing less satisfaction with local outcomes. Our analysis suggests that these differences are unlikely to be due to underlying differences in individual attitudes but instead appear to stem from real differences in local conditions and perceived governmental responsiveness." }, { "paper": "2140542577", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2015", "title": "acquiring the habit of changing governments through elections", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2135680248" ], "reference": [ "51774562", "598958645", "773589486", "1230393465", "1489097368", "1556109596", "1581908573", "1583051895", "1985076447", "2012876286", "2026631484", "2045672904", "2060964982", "2089431007", "2097023781", "2112044344", "2139339298", "2141984158", "2153680987", "2160446276", "2165203931", "2322122043", "2342608795", "2497275363", "2504952638", "2509661996", "3121988683", "3123123937", "3151307774" ], "abstract": "changing governments through elections is a rare and a recent practice yielding office the first time is foreboding because it entails the risk that the gesture would not be reciprocated but the habit develops rapidly once the first step is taken this article provides evidence for these assertions by examining about 3 000 elections in the world since 1788", "title_raw": "Acquiring the Habit of Changing Governments Through Elections", "abstract_raw": "Changing governments through elections is a rare and a recent practice. Yielding office the first time is foreboding because it entails the risk that the gesture would not be reciprocated, but the habit develops rapidly once the first step is taken. This article provides evidence for these assertions by examining about 3,000 elections in the world since 1788." }, { "paper": "2174369034", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2015", "title": "maritime piracy business networks and institutions in africa", "label": [ "52826635", "148834064", "79165680", "75398335", "2776398702", "94625758", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2000190172", "2147643588" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the two regions with the greatest incidence of maritime piracy in africa the horn of africa and the gulf of guinea are also known for the low quality of the institutions underlying their political economies this article investigates how institutions in these areas shape and constrain the sophisticated maritime piracy syndicates and their behaviour engaging with the literature on state failure and maritime piracy we argue that norms and institutions constrain even criminal organizations like piracy groups which often mimic and are embedded in the licit economy in the horn of africa pirates take structural and ideational cues from the licit economy and are constrained by the informal regulations that govern clan groups rent based economic activities and collective security arrangements in somalia in west africa sophisticated piracy both preys upon and arises from the formal economy specifically the international oil industry as a result piracy networks often mirror and draw from both the formal institutions in nigeria used to regulate and protect oil production and those engaged in oil production processing distribution and transportation the persistence and high incidence of maritime piracy in the horn of africa and the gulf of guinea are widely attributed to the weakness or even failure of state institutions in both regions we suggest that the prevalence of the failed states narrative in explaining the drivers of piracy has diverted attention from more important factors that shape pirate behaviour across time and place namely the configuration of local norms and institutions that pirates interact with on a daily basis the failed states narrative casts the weakness of formal state institutions as creating the incentives and opportunity for criminal behaviour but fails to account for the often wide variations in pirate behaviour either within the same state or between states justin v hastings justin hastings sydney edu au is a senior lecturer at the department of government and international relations university of sydney sarah g phillips sarah phillips sydney edu au is a senior lecturer at the department of government and international relations centre for international security studies university of sydney thanks to maxamed axmed ali ashleigh mcdonald simon nyambura jennifer percival and mark tamsitt for research assistance with this paper research for this article was supported by australian research council grant dp130103966 african affairs 114 457 555 576 doi 10 1093 afraf adv040 the author 2015 published by oxford university press on behalf of royal african society all rights reserved advance access publication 1 september 2015", "title_raw": "Maritime piracy business networks and institutions in Africa", "abstract_raw": "The two regions with the greatest incidence of maritime piracy in Africa, the Horn of Africa and the Gulf of Guinea, are also known for the low quality of the institutions underlying their political economies. This article investigates how institutions in these areas shape and constrain the sophisticated maritime piracy syndicates and their behaviour. Engaging with the literature on state failure and maritime piracy, we argue that norms and institutions constrain even criminal organizations like piracy groups, which often mimic and are embedded in the licit economy. In the Horn of Africa, pirates take structural and ideational cues from the licit economy and are constrained by the informal regulations that govern clan groups, rent-based economic activities, and collective security arrangements in Somalia. In West Africa, sophisticated piracy both preys upon and arises from the formal economy, specifically the international oil industry. As a result, piracy networks often mirror and draw from both the formal institutions in Nigeria used to regulate and protect oil production, and those engaged in oil production, processing, distribution, and transportation. THE PERSISTENCE AND HIGH INCIDENCE of maritime piracy in the Horn of Africa and the Gulf of Guinea are widely attributed to the weakness or even failure of state institutions in both regions. We suggest that the prevalence of the failed states narrative in explaining the drivers of piracy has diverted attention from more important factors that shape pirate behaviour across time and place, namely the configuration of local norms and institutions that pirates interact with on a daily basis. The failed states narrative casts the weakness of formal state institutions as creating the incentives and opportunity for criminal behaviour but fails to account for the often wide variations in pirate behaviour, either within the same state or between states *Justin V. Hastings ( justin.hastings@sydney.edu.au) is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Government and International Relations, University of Sydney. Sarah G. Phillips (sarah. phillips@sydney.edu.au) is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Government and International Relations, Centre for International Security Studies, University of Sydney. Thanks to Maxamed Axmed Ali, Ashleigh McDonald, Simon Nyambura, Jennifer Percival, and Mark Tamsitt, for research assistance with this paper. Research for this article was supported by Australian Research Council grant DP130103966. African Affairs, 114/457, 555\u2013576 doi: 10.1093/afraf/adv040 \u00a9 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal African Society. All rights reserved Advance Access Publication 1 September 2015" }, { "paper": "2001769734", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2015", "title": "women and contentious politics a global event data approach to understanding women s protest", "label": [ "156708679", "2778814104" ], "author": [ "2018789891", "132728752" ], "reference": [ "48428665", "155650123", "638770514", "1501330508", "1526108968", "1600906632", "1900167961", "1980067160", "2006616785", "2016604786", "2019044683", "2028127166", "2034301206", "2038631063", "2044686459", "2056512576", "2069575083", "2070283890", "2087608299", "2088385509", "2089558067", "2098721780", "2099518244", "2105594587", "2113032242", "2113308566", "2115498277", "2119369529", "2121000950", "2127176603", "2127799276", "2134495472", "2137742540", "2139541809", "2140500814", "2145473407", "2151780178", "2160048973", "2168649676", "2171200095", "2200010996", "2315460250", "2316354684", "2316477433", "2324327454", "2623600543", "3122074090", "3122731489", "3124398150", "3176682987" ], "abstract": "under what circumstances are women more likely to protest despite significant cross national research on contentious politics in general and women s collective mobilization in particular no study", "title_raw": "Women and Contentious Politics A Global Event-Data Approach to Understanding Women\u2019s Protest", "abstract_raw": "Under what circumstances are women more likely to protest? Despite significant cross-national research on contentious politics in general and women\u2019s collective mobilization in particular, no study..." }, { "paper": "1604870853", "venue": "48869744", "year": "2015", "title": "how policy and procedure shape citizens evaluations of senators", "label": [ "2776398702", "39549134", "2777351106" ], "author": [ "2159049349" ], "reference": [ "42050486", "95529087", "207959672", "569398357", "1516873729", "1526225581", "1596200526", "1746788904", "1834150360", "1967430235", "1988323515", "1996164053", "2018678655", "2027261076", "2034939576", "2038023827", "2044045185", "2045636895", "2051694481", "2065861751", "2068580911", "2077626237", "2084136611", "2096928838", "2109256496", "2116488179", "2116731043", "2119298903", "2129345644", "2131257534", "2132475611", "2139387599", "2139970523", "2141708418", "2145461824", "2148709190", "2149893809", "2160460682", "2163457301", "2170413988", "2222100435", "2313063634", "2314547916", "2316045089", "2316216679", "2323249697", "2324164459", "2325756417", "2329716085", "2330339681", "2334633004", "2797718167", "3122078363" ], "abstract": "i report findings from survey experiments that improve our understanding of how people want individual senators to approach their role as representatives the findings show that people are committed to the idea that senators should prioritize their states preferences over those of the national public this preference persists in situations where a senator s advocacy for her state plays a key role in defeating nationally supported legislation this finding contradicts popular claims that voters are hungry for senators who prioritize national preferences over those of their constituents i also find that people who support a piece of legislation but not those who oppose it evaluate a senator who helps to defeat the legislation by filibustering substantially less favorably than one who accomplishes the same ends through majoritarian means this suggests that how people respond to some procedural characteristics of politicians behavior depends on how they feel about the outcomes it yields", "title_raw": "How Policy and Procedure Shape Citizens' Evaluations of Senators", "abstract_raw": "I report findings from survey experiments that improve our understanding of how people want individual Senators to approach their role as representatives. The findings show that people are committed to the idea that Senators should prioritize their states' preferences over those of the national public. This preference persists in situations where a Senator's advocacy for her state plays a key role in defeating nationally supported legislation. This finding contradicts popular claims that voters are hungry for Senators who prioritize national preferences over those of their constituents. I also find that people who support a piece of legislation\u2014but not those who oppose it\u2014evaluate a Senator who helps to defeat the legislation by filibustering substantially less favorably than one who accomplishes the same ends through majoritarian means. This suggests that how people respond to some procedural characteristics of politicians' behavior depends on how they feel about the outcomes it yields." }, { "paper": "2164547633", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2015", "title": "bluewashing the firm voluntary regulations program design and member compliance with the united nations global compact", "label": [ "125559964", "141261163", "39549134", "109986646", "2779777834", "169437150", "147598955" ], "author": [ "2163421351", "2132616369" ], "reference": [ "250467506", "352813507", "610723086", "649506884", "917311368", "1016534750", "1495705901", "1511128957", "1522076571", "1541504511", "1542961362", "1592289275", "1657350937", "1854399792", "1964584173", "1970207109", "1972865096", "1978002534", "1978316151", "1988626199", "1990694252", "1992680417", "1993663609", "1999660206", "2008319766", "2013751162", "2017345263", "2019566527", "2023614029", "2027273970", "2037885451", "2053334406", "2062701406", "2069985282", "2073038233", "2078694924", "2078963987", "2081194268", "2084101274", "2092895486", "2093248821", "2099168968", "2100639953", "2102827369", "2103486299", "2104269187", "2106352077", "2108582646", "2115747715", "2117335055", "2118463881", "2119266541", "2120946983", "2121627563", "2125094572", "2134948971", "2136825344", "2138557428", "2142831770", "2146200864", "2146580098", "2149257014", "2150365804", "2153037337", "2156751726", "2164727630", "2168674083", "2171023924", "2172226781", "2172246118", "2173922841", "2186478194", "2238631556", "2251967090", "2252167214", "2298128978", "2319030958", "2626297799", "2973282358", "3014107128", "3121227745", "3121267140", "3122377085", "3123467456", "3123644996", "3125473177", "3125527261" ], "abstract": "voluntary programs have emerged as important instruments of public policy we explore whether programs lacking monitoring and enforcement mechanisms can curb participants shirking with program obligations incentive based approaches to policy see monitoring and enforcement as essential to curb shirking while norm based approaches view social mechanisms such as norms and learning as sufficient to serve this purpose the united nations global compact ungc a prominent international voluntary program encourages firms to adopt socially responsible policies its program design however relies primarily on norms and learning to mitigate shirking using a panel of roughly 3 000 u s firms from 2000 to 2010 and multiple approaches to address endogeneity and selection issues we examine the effects of compact membership on members human rights and environmental performance we find that members fare worse than nonmembers on costly and fundamental performance dimensions while showing improvements only in more superficial dimensions exploiting the lack of monitoring and enforcement ungc members are able to shirk enjoying goodwill benefits of program membership without making costly changes to their human rights and environmental practices", "title_raw": "\"Bluewashing\" the Firm? Voluntary Regulations, Program Design, and Member Compliance with the United Nations Global Compact", "abstract_raw": "Voluntary programs have emerged as important instruments of public policy. We explore whether programs lacking monitoring and enforcement mechanisms can curb participants\u2019 shirking with program obligations. Incentive-based approaches to policy see monitoring and enforcement as essential to curb shirking, while norm-based approaches view social mechanisms such as norms and learning as sufficient to serve this purpose. The United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), a prominent international voluntary program, encourages firms to adopt socially responsible policies. Its program design, however, relies primarily on norms and learning to mitigate shirking. Using a panel of roughly 3,000 U.S. firms from 2000 to 2010, and multiple approaches to address endogeneity and selection issues, we examine the effects of Compact membership on members\u2019 human rights and environmental performance. We find that members fare worse than nonmembers on costly and fundamental performance dimensions, while showing improvements only in more superficial dimensions. Exploiting the lack of monitoring and enforcement, UNGC members are able to shirk: enjoying goodwill benefits of program membership without making costly changes to their human rights and environmental practices." }, { "paper": "2102959025", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2015", "title": "book review contesting the indian city global visions and the politics of the local", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2130803850" ], "reference": [ "592652670", "1528089340", "1976540768", "2107899547", "2147086418" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book review: Contesting the Indian City: Global Visions and the Politics of the Local", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2224476621", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2015", "title": "how did the civil war in el salvador end", "label": [ "81631423" ], "author": [ "2630013872" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Did the Civil War in El Salvador End", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1147879919", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2015", "title": "an experimental analysis of the impact of campaign polls on electoral information seeking", "label": [ "52416528", "2776946740", "177324205" ], "author": [ "2322199093", "2118987945", "2306140103", "2505171822" ], "reference": [ "14997025", "92292981", "146293296", "199238147", "410268765", "575148534", "595275833", "1590644464", "1631857077", "1970984308", "1977825494", "1980132109", "1983221152", "1983659553", "1984292991", "2012728340", "2013104401", "2023543516", "2025240503", "2030238559", "2030398623", "2034795151", "2038062871", "2040298204", "2044961916", "2045870180", "2049336855", "2055131853", "2062859842", "2066093827", "2068223355", "2076142829", "2083319565", "2085507342", "2118956656", "2132819954", "2132829884", "2147809861", "2157629152", "2157979842", "2158108150", "2159531218", "2161490657", "2172299554", "2313234050", "2314972133", "2324427833", "2328487223", "2329648039", "2489221033", "3123572850", "3123922769" ], "abstract": "the literature on poll effects has focused upon the impact polls have on election outcomes to understand how polls affect information seeking more broadly we examine the influence of campaign period polls on the decision making process based on an online voting experiment we find that poll exposure affects information seeking albeit under limited conditions and that this effect is mediated according to voters sophistication levels results also indicate that party specific deliberation can also be influenced by poll standings candidates from parties trailing in the polls receive less attention than the leading party although this is also conditional upon the size of the lead we then consider how these effects on the information calculus influence voting behavior finding a bandwagon effect when a clear front runner is depicted in the polls", "title_raw": "An experimental analysis of the impact of campaign polls on electoral information seeking", "abstract_raw": "The literature on poll effects has focused upon the impact polls have on election outcomes. To understand how polls affect information seeking more broadly, we examine the influence of campaign-period polls on the decision-making process. Based on an online voting experiment, we find that poll exposure affects information seeking, albeit under limited conditions, and that this effect is mediated according to voters' sophistication levels. Results also indicate that party-specific deliberation can also be influenced by poll standings; candidates from parties trailing in the polls receive less attention than the leading party, although this is also conditional upon the size of the lead. We then consider how these effects on the information calculus influence voting behavior, finding a bandwagon effect when a clear front-runner is depicted in the polls." }, { "paper": "2513019613", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "getting to democracy", "label": [ "2780668109", "94625758", "68346564", "17058734", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2576961035", "2571306149" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "an essay is presented on the challenges of democratization and democracy from the 1970s through the mid 2010s adapted from the book democratic transitions conversations with world leaders by the article s authors an overview of transitions from authoritarianism to democracy including the role that the political opposition plays in this regard and the relations is provided", "title_raw": "Getting to democracy", "abstract_raw": "An essay is presented on the challenges of democratization and democracy from the 1970s through the mid 2010s, adapted from the book \"Democratic Transitions: Conversations With World Leaders,\" by the article's authors. An overview of transitions from authoritarianism to democracy, including the role that the political opposition plays in this regard and the relations, is provided." }, { "paper": "1599590029", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2015", "title": "trans pacific partnership add conservation to us trade agreement", "label": [ "2777129469", "71750763", "199776023" ], "author": [ "2620225757", "2253033305" ], "reference": [ "1536718811" ], "abstract": "the us senate last month fast tracked negotiations for the trans pacific partnership see go nature com lt2eex one of the largest free trade agreements in history we fear that this could inadvertently fuel the illegal wildlife trade unless strict precautionary measures are put in place", "title_raw": "Trans-Pacific Partnership: Add conservation to US trade agreement.", "abstract_raw": "The US Senate last month fast-tracked negotiations for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (see go.nature.com/lt2eex), one of the largest free-trade agreements in history. We fear that this could inadvertently fuel the illegal wildlife trade unless strict precautionary measures are put in place." }, { "paper": "2019285398", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2015", "title": "racial diversity in the medical profession the impact of affirmative action bans on underrepresented student of color matriculation in medical schools", "label": [ "3116431", "161051502", "160735492", "125209646", "2779670255", "2777732099" ], "author": [ "2156700481", "2526426709" ], "reference": [ "361897455", "622115148", "988961570", "1568287171", "1730782591", "1935667414", "1983400193", "1996570442", "1996880522", "1999132804", "2007251698", "2013838891", "2018510698", "2022946053", "2036840086", "2038421557", "2038587694", "2049548832", "2054798118", "2055549027", "2066729988", "2107223217", "2137276744", "2150376002", "2154364421", "2159082004", "2164771319", "2168228908", "2185637430", "2235618106", "2282168042", "2330241886", "2795895110", "2921979466", "2939452831" ], "abstract": "this study examines the impact of affirmative action bans in six states california washington florida texas michigan and nebraska on the matriculation rates of historically underrepresented students of color in public medical schools in these states findings show that affirmative action bans have led to about a 17 decline from 18 5 to 15 3 in the first time matriculation of medical school students who are underrepresented students of color this decline is similar to drops in the enrollment of students of color that have taken place across other educational sectors including the nation s most selective public undergraduate institutions law schools and various graduate fields of study after bans on affirmative action were enacted in some of these states the findings suggest that statewide laws banning the consideration of race in postsecondary admissions pose serious obstacles for the medical profession to address the health care crisis facing the nation", "title_raw": "Racial Diversity in the Medical Profession: The Impact of Affirmative Action Bans on Underrepresented Student of Color Matriculation in Medical Schools.", "abstract_raw": "This study examines the impact of affirmative action bans in six states (California, Washington, Florida, Texas, Michigan, and Nebraska) on the matriculation rates of historically underrepresented students of color in public medical schools in these states. Findings show that affirmative action bans have led to about a 17% decline (from 18.5% to 15.3%) in the first-time matriculation of medical school students who are underrepresented students of color. This decline is similar to drops in the enrollment of students of color that have taken place across other educational sectors, including the nation\u2019s most selective public undergraduate institutions, law schools, and various graduate fields of study, after bans on affirmative action were enacted in some of these states. The findings suggest that statewide laws banning the consideration of race in postsecondary admissions pose serious obstacles for the medical profession to address the health care crisis facing the nation." }, { "paper": "2017375103", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2015", "title": "global vision international council for science responds", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2063751163" ], "reference": [ "2013784929" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Global vision: International Council for Science responds", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2547628468", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "democracy in myanmar", "label": [ "555826173", "17058734" ], "author": [ "764078638" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democracy in Myanmar", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2601656660", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "an academic poaching lawsuit from a scientist who didn t move", "label": [ "199539241", "2777134139" ], "author": [ "2331038942" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "An academic 'poaching' lawsuit from a scientist who didn\u2019t move", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1784590092", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2015", "title": "voting procedures and parliamentary representation in the european parliament", "label": [ "48226144", "106259374", "117763746", "11027740", "520049643", "60454596", "199539241", "119588120", "167654663" ], "author": [ "2188780229" ], "reference": [ "164275289", "215593268", "643080625", "1972773943", "1976864692", "2002717544", "2006431894", "2022312374", "2040454791", "2046500494", "2048702049", "2057585007", "2063268106", "2081984710", "2102861149", "2103329753", "2103972398", "2106658004", "2106870498", "2112400212", "2115625941", "2125837162", "2167219182", "2188113087", "2280308213", "2316443908", "2318581132", "2486353576", "2503230517", "3124530552" ], "abstract": "parliamentary representation is a fluid concept yet while the behaviour of elected representatives during roll call votes has been widely analysed we know little about how parliamentarians act when their individual voting choices are not made public this paper explores the relationship between voting procedures and the likelihood that members of the european parliament prioritise the interests of their ep party group versus the interests of their national party using an original survey i find that meps are more likely to prioritise the interests of their national party over those of their ep party group when voting by show of hands or electronically as opposed to by roll call moreover this voting procedure effect is particularly salient among meps elected from 2004 07 accession countries", "title_raw": "Voting Procedures and Parliamentary Representation in the European Parliament", "abstract_raw": "Parliamentary representation is a fluid concept. Yet, while the behaviour of elected representatives during roll call votes has been widely analysed, we know little about how parliamentarians act when their individual voting choices are not made public. This paper explores the relationship between voting procedures and the likelihood that Members of the European Parliament prioritise the interests of their EP party group versus the interests of their national party. Using an original survey, I find that MEPs are more likely to prioritise the interests of their national party over those of their EP party group when voting by show of hands or electronically, as opposed to by roll call. Moreover, this voting procedure effect is particularly salient among MEPs elected from 2004/07 accession countries." }, { "paper": "2002952206", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2015", "title": "dual allegiances immigrants attitudes toward immigration", "label": [ "2780641677", "70036468", "117347162", "144348335", "2776351663", "2780781376", "111141941" ], "author": [ "2140840714", "2147750201" ], "reference": [ "5255231", "336815429", "600275797", "600888349", "611144879", "645669606", "1485146855", "1558484812", "1592263067", "1608760034", "1850864270", "1860946041", "1966114254", "1968327343", "1971731747", "1974593647", "1981638783", "1984807265", "1987660124", "1996248911", "1998032266", "1998252426", "2002347311", "2003877672", "2004736795", "2005125425", "2008893408", "2012073858", "2015049700", "2016592189", "2018002811", "2020840267", "2021024427", "2021158431", "2022673842", "2027480688", "2028442196", "2029941278", "2037650788", "2045080844", "2045863311", "2072565324", "2072708948", "2078920497", "2081155538", "2084003806", "2091633540", "2100797920", "2103560939", "2119538357", "2120440585", "2123621480", "2125662507", "2134041940", "2134511983", "2139415103", "2139577967", "2151075020", "2155163959", "2164064492", "2167121898", "2253273165", "2288999639", "2313049172", "2319649222", "2345077215", "2548754943", "2605703320", "2607379163", "3093585426", "3107777251", "3121774280", "3122378940", "3123545600", "3124127165", "3176682987" ], "abstract": "this article develops a model of immigrants attitudes towards immigration we focus on two competing motivations to explain these attitudes while kinship solidarity and shared experiences with other immigrants should lead to more favorable attitudes towards immigration formal integration into a new society may create a new allegiance to the host country that produces more critical views toward immigration using the european social survey ess 1 5 data collected 2002 11 in 18 west european democracies coarsened exact matching cem and multilevel estimation techniques our analyses reveal that foreigners support immigration more than natives however newcomers who have acquired citizenship in their host countries are more skeptical about the consequences of immigration and admitting new arrivals than noncitizen immigrants this negative relationship between citizenship and support for immigration is particularly pronounced among those who are dissatisfied with their host country s macroeconomy", "title_raw": "Dual Allegiances? Immigrants' Attitudes toward Immigration", "abstract_raw": "This article develops a model of immigrants\u2019 attitudes towards immigration. We focus on two competing motivations to explain these attitudes: while kinship, solidarity, and shared experiences with other immigrants should lead to more favorable attitudes towards immigration, formal integration into a new society may create a new allegiance to the host country that produces more critical views toward immigration. Using the European Social Survey (ESS) 1\u20135 data collected 2002\u201311 in 18 West European democracies, coarsened exact matching (CEM), and multilevel estimation techniques, our analyses reveal that foreigners support immigration more than natives. However, newcomers who have acquired citizenship in their host countries are more skeptical about the consequences of immigration and admitting new arrivals than noncitizen immigrants. This negative relationship between citizenship and support for immigration is particularly pronounced among those who are dissatisfied with their host country\u2019s macroeconomy." }, { "paper": "1634507506", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2015", "title": "saving our national icon an ecological analysis of the 2011 australian senate inquiry into status of the koala", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2065334056", "2468415881", "1986070444", "2008544035" ], "reference": [ "91989412", "159201669", "212450192", "396864017", "1539926696", "1849993064", "1927730862", "1938035963", "1968212430", "1984503535", "1986818810", "1994506984", "1999502476", "2008610968", "2014543663", "2024610178", "2025455835", "2074193809", "2086313520", "2087972046", "2158944264", "2169072375", "2283121234", "2323723343", "2778276137" ], "abstract": "public submissions to the australian senate inquiry into the status of the koala were reviewed", "title_raw": "Saving our national icon: An ecological analysis of the 2011 Australian Senate inquiry into status of the koala", "abstract_raw": "\u2022 Public submissions to the Australian Senate inquiry into the status of the koala were reviewed." }, { "paper": "1519535377", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2015", "title": "turkey election results delight scientists", "label": [ "94625758", "2781440851", "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2106465385" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "researchers hope that a more pluralistic parliament will put an end to interference and slipping standards", "title_raw": "Turkey election results delight scientists.", "abstract_raw": "Researchers hope that a more pluralistic parliament will put an end to interference and slipping standards." }, { "paper": "2601343405", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "state department science adviser speaks out on cuba", "label": [ "199539241", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2274243332" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "State Department science adviser speaks out on Cuba", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2056351790", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2015", "title": "the march 2014 presidential elections in slovakia the victory of a political novice", "label": [ "2779220109", "197487636", "2777799818", "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2963701645", "2258776474" ], "reference": [ "2004971679", "2040486186", "2136413970", "2471097961" ], "abstract": "the 2014 presidential elections in slovakia held on march 15 and 29 produced an unexpected result millionaire turned philanthropist andrej kiska convincingly defeated the incumbent prime minister robert fico in a runoff election and became the fourth president since slovakia s independence in 1993 kiska who had not held any elected office before ran as an independent candidate with no ties to political parties", "title_raw": "The March 2014 presidential elections in Slovakia: The victory of a political Novice", "abstract_raw": "The 2014 presidential elections in Slovakia, held on March 15 and 29, produced an unexpected result: millionaire-turned-philanthropist Andrej Kiska convincingly defeated the incumbent Prime Minister Robert Fico in a runoff election and became the fourth president since Slovakia's independence in 1993. Kiska, who had not held any elected office before, ran as an independent candidate with no ties to political parties." }, { "paper": "2606008747", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2015", "title": "creating an apsa exploring public issues speakers and classroom resources program", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2098450987" ], "reference": [ "2002990134", "2003949412", "2158501370", "2341537856" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Creating an APSA \u201cExploring Public Issues\u201d Speakers and Classroom Resources Program", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1992928548", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2015", "title": "who controls national eu scrutiny parliamentary party groups committees and administrations", "label": [ "118710137", "2776050585", "2776051254", "3116431", "529018008" ], "author": [ "1986878670" ], "reference": [ "16966175", "237289243", "561678347", "597573889", "1486367002", "1504081015", "1820105737", "1840278528", "1964724650", "1971247574", "1979783866", "1985095019", "1992503224", "2002044378", "2009221735", "2015698783", "2017385810", "2019667315", "2020537882", "2022902627", "2039257487", "2041429080", "2048145424", "2051152462", "2051552162", "2060420033", "2061774292", "2061841417", "2063021809", "2067274300", "2077132240", "2080258773", "2082393689", "2084339335", "2086744872", "2089314759", "2095125545", "2097564993", "2106878409", "2112663818", "2114343650", "2146831202", "2150283359", "2152252098", "2163912468", "2169005419", "2317713367", "2482829705", "2493255757", "2502077530", "2587119444", "3122652097", "3124423022", "3145600342" ], "abstract": "the article addresses the question of how parliamentary actors namely parliamentary party groups parliamentary administrators and committees interact with each other in the new post lisbon institutional environment on the basis of assessing scrutiny of eu proposals in the spheres of pensions and labour migration in the parliaments of sweden the czech republic and romania the article comes to the conclusion that despite existing opportunities for parliamentary administrators and committees to obtain greater leverage parliamentary party groups continue to play a crucial role in defining the outcomes of the scrutiny process parliamentary party groups tend to focus on the division of competences between the eu and member states even when they have electoral incentives to address the content of eu proposals", "title_raw": "Who Controls National EU Scrutiny? Parliamentary Party Groups, Committees and Administrations", "abstract_raw": "The article addresses the question of how parliamentary actors, namely parliamentary party groups, parliamentary administrators and committees, interact with each other in the new post-Lisbon institutional environment. On the basis of assessing scrutiny of EU proposals in the spheres of pensions and labour migration in the parliaments of Sweden, the Czech Republic and Romania, the article comes to the conclusion that despite existing opportunities for parliamentary administrators and committees to obtain greater leverage, parliamentary party groups continue to play a crucial role in defining the outcomes of the scrutiny process. Parliamentary party groups tend to focus on the division of competences between the EU and member states even when they have electoral incentives to address the content of EU proposals." }, { "paper": "1598639153", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2015", "title": "the effectiveness dimension of the eu s performance in international institutions toward a more comprehensive assessment framework", "label": [ "3116431", "2780608745", "199776023" ], "author": [ "1896311561", "2010082325" ], "reference": [ "840320929", "1576452699", "1599288512", "1606778367", "1982991769", "1996125768", "2004590166", "2010430034", "2018319844", "2023754152", "2036407741", "2050448635", "2051227693", "2073271863", "2102052057", "2105995309", "2110337909", "2117619374", "2141632783", "2149598011", "2492730098", "2999258273", "3128746333" ], "abstract": "in this article we develop a comprehensive framework for assessing the effectiveness dimension of the eu s performance in international institutions consisting of three elements 1 the quality of the eu s policy objectives 2 eu engagement in the negotiations including its fit with the international constellation of power and interests and 3 goal achievement we apply this assessment framework to two cases with two phases each 1 the negotiations on the 2010 nagoya protocol on genetic resources to the convention on biological diversity and 2 the negotiations under the un framework convention on climate change toward the 2009 copenhagen and 2011 durban climate summits the analysis demonstrates that the assessment framework 1 facilitates a more complete and richer appreciation of eu effectiveness in international institutions than the established understanding of effectiveness as goal achievement and 2 allows us to start to systematically explore the interaction between the framework s three components", "title_raw": "The Effectiveness Dimension of the EU's Performance in International Institutions: Toward a More Comprehensive Assessment Framework", "abstract_raw": "In this article, we develop a comprehensive framework for assessing the effectiveness dimension of the EU's performance in international institutions, consisting of three elements: (1) the quality of the EU's policy objectives; (2) EU engagement in the negotiations, including its fit with the international constellation of power and interests; and (3) goal achievement. We apply this assessment framework to two cases with two phases each: (1) the negotiations on the 2010 Nagoya Protocol on genetic resources to the Convention on Biological Diversity and (2) the negotiations under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change toward the 2009 Copenhagen and 2011 Durban climate summits. The analysis demonstrates that the assessment framework (1) facilitates a more complete and richer appreciation of EU effectiveness in international institutions than the established understanding of effectiveness as goal achievement and (2) allows us to start to systematically explore the interaction between the framework's three components." }, { "paper": "2323752514", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2015", "title": "russian science minister explains radical restructure", "label": [ "2778069335", "45237549" ], "author": [ "303834104" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "amid sanctions and a financial crisis dmitry livanov discusses ongoing reforms to science funding", "title_raw": "Russian science minister explains radical restructure", "abstract_raw": "Amid sanctions and a financial crisis, Dmitry Livanov discusses ongoing reforms to science funding." }, { "paper": "2139076143", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2015", "title": "expressive partisanship campaign involvement political emotion and partisan identity", "label": [ "2776051254", "158071213", "94625758", "2779220109" ], "author": [ "1140138099", "2232618318", "2041543429" ], "reference": [ "28957472", "90970949", "178177854", "386986494", "434695885", "624191788", "631150038", "637080412", "1481749143", "1498431798", "1506380772", "1571842223", "1577954649", "1581387623", "1595106591", "1631857077", "1717966377", "1752861109", "1822738042", "1834150360", "1925979558", "1962095932", "1963371287", "1969333510", "1977652203", "1977825494", "1978072519", "1978493498", "1987862410", "1994820783", "2007615488", "2019607238", "2022719947", "2030398623", "2030877519", "2032533433", "2034520239", "2035534527", "2036989661", "2041790480", "2044961916", "2083605918", "2084430343", "2085969234", "2089291115", "2092704441", "2099955253", "2100799546", "2106724051", "2114917362", "2114991554", "2115074743", "2121993559", "2124751389", "2124800218", "2125980682", "2129282126", "2132041136", "2132048656", "2134860967", "2137374870", "2138612631", "2149634314", "2151318005", "2151544484", "2157684370", "2158865701", "2162462985", "2167121898", "2170298027", "2171958020", "2244545434", "2314972133", "2329648039", "2334553580", "2399852725", "2491706748", "2618185485", "3121221852", "3122379260", "3124069454", "3135215456", "3148930093" ], "abstract": "party identification is central to the study of american political behavior yet there remains disagreement over whether it is largely instrumental or expressive in nature we draw on social identity theory to develop the expressive model and conduct four studies to compare it to an instrumental explanation of campaign involvement we find strong support for the expressive model a multi item partisan identity scale better accounts for campaign activity than a strong stance on subjectively important policy issues the strength of ideological self placement or a measure of ideological identity a series of experiments underscore the power of partisan identity to generate action oriented emotions that drive campaign activity strongly identified partisans feel angrier than weaker partisans when threatened with electoral loss and more positive when reassured of victory in contrast those who hold a strong and ideologically consistent position on issues are no more aroused emotionally than others by party threats or reassurances in addition threat and reassurance to the party s status arouse greater anger and enthusiasm among partisans than does a threatened loss or victory on central policy issues our findings underscore the power of an expressive partisan identity to drive campaign involvement and generate strong emotional reactions to ongoing campaign events", "title_raw": "Expressive Partisanship: Campaign Involvement, Political Emotion, and Partisan Identity", "abstract_raw": "Party identification is central to the study of American political behavior, yet there remains disagreement over whether it is largely instrumental or expressive in nature. We draw on social identity theory to develop the expressive model and conduct four studies to compare it to an instrumental explanation of campaign involvement. We find strong support for the expressive model: a multi-item partisan identity scale better accounts for campaign activity than a strong stance on subjectively important policy issues, the strength of ideological self-placement, or a measure of ideological identity. A series of experiments underscore the power of partisan identity to generate action-oriented emotions that drive campaign activity. Strongly identified partisans feel angrier than weaker partisans when threatened with electoral loss and more positive when reassured of victory. In contrast, those who hold a strong and ideologically consistent position on issues are no more aroused emotionally than others by party threats or reassurances. In addition, threat and reassurance to the party's status arouse greater anger and enthusiasm among partisans than does a threatened loss or victory on central policy issues. Our findings underscore the power of an expressive partisan identity to drive campaign involvement and generate strong emotional reactions to ongoing campaign events." }, { "paper": "2327757969", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "in a turnabout key congressional critic backs nsf peer review", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "In a turnabout, key congressional critic backs NSF peer review", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2091213336", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2015", "title": "implementing dialogic communication a survey of ipr prsa and iabc members", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2568948694", "2296611797" ], "reference": [ "1990807804", "2052121139", "2055878796", "2119861206", "2127716659" ], "abstract": "abstract a line of public relations research argues that dialogic communication is both ethical and beneficial for organizations however empirical studies found many organizations hesitate to implement dialogic communication this article seeks to explore the obstacles that prevent some organizations from engaging the public in dialogues we analyzed data from a large scale national survey among senior level public relations practitioners and our findings suggest that organizations tolerance for risk and the role of public relations in organizations influence organizations implementation of dialogic communication", "title_raw": "Implementing dialogic communication: : A survey of IPR, PRSA, and IABC members", "abstract_raw": "Abstract A line of public relations research argues that dialogic communication is both ethical and beneficial for organizations. However, empirical studies found many organizations hesitate to implement dialogic communication. This article seeks to explore the obstacles that prevent some organizations from engaging the public in dialogues. We analyzed data from a large scale national survey among senior level public relations practitioners and our findings suggest that organizations\u2019 tolerance for risk and the role of public relations in organizations influence organizations\u2019 implementation of dialogic communication." }, { "paper": "2139481952", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2015", "title": "executive power and judicial deference judicial decision making on executive power challenges in the american states", "label": [ "83009810", "199539241", "2780114137", "126053111", "100505606", "65117487", "2776211767", "48764862" ], "author": [ "2108781527" ], "reference": [ "33500090", "278407623", "304591195", "334053460", "571495565", "580202666", "587242133", "641953583", "651078386", "1520209977", "1532064378", "1552018024", "1576427754", "1849466547", "1963553654", "1969009245", "1981932794", "1988509381", "1994705220", "2042474521", "2048133205", "2059507723", "2059815703", "2078263723", "2083175897", "2086552921", "2092925293", "2097081042", "2105461624", "2108225763", "2130406907", "2133942786", "2135691100", "2136299852", "2137014327", "2150592526", "2151496130", "2153655895", "2160260097", "2168148894", "2170002663", "2314373197", "2314866869", "2316539943", "2317689923", "2318366806", "2320287640", "2328135763", "2331245232", "2608417329", "2800376698", "3122346587", "3123922646", "3124642965", "3124989299", "3125895025", "3126039551" ], "abstract": "judicial intervention is often required to define the boundaries of executive power although many separation of powers analyses examine the interaction of courts and legislatures few examine how the design of executive and judicial institutions affect judicial decision making in cases involving challenges to executive power in the u s context i argue that the degree of judicial institutional vulnerability to executive retaliation will have a significant impact on judicial making using an original dataset of cases involving executive power challenges in the american states between 1980 and 2010 i find that courts are more likely to uphold executive power in environments where the threat of institutional retaliation from the executive is high the results of this analysis indicate that the strength of judicial checks against executive power depends on broader relations of institutional authority not just on constitutional doctrine or culture", "title_raw": "Executive Power and Judicial Deference Judicial Decision Making on Executive Power Challenges in the American States", "abstract_raw": "Judicial intervention is often required to define the boundaries of executive power. Although many separation of powers analyses examine the interaction of courts and legislatures, few examine how the design of executive and judicial institutions affect judicial decision making in cases involving challenges to executive power in the U.S. context. I argue that the degree of judicial institutional vulnerability to executive retaliation will have a significant impact on judicial making. Using an original dataset of cases involving executive power challenges in the American states between 1980 and 2010, I find that courts are more likely to uphold executive power in environments where the threat of institutional retaliation from the executive is high. The results of this analysis indicate that the strength of judicial checks against executive power depends on broader relations of institutional authority, not just on constitutional doctrine or culture." }, { "paper": "2229516014", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2015", "title": "undergraduate teaching education reforms ring true 50 years on", "label": [ "2779473830", "44877443", "88610354" ], "author": [ "2000799062" ], "reference": [ "1519885453" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Undergraduate teaching: Education reforms ring true 50 years on", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2100886154", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2015", "title": "party institutionalization and democratic consolidation turkey and southern europe in comparative perspective", "label": [ "171368058", "199539241", "164429055", "94625758", "555826173", "2779111050" ], "author": [ "3205733813" ], "reference": [ "388594193", "560334133", "560505865", "577730400", "587716542", "593703713", "605119019", "619283132", "639197741", "645233587", "654641188", "1409634412", "1498339752", "1565589301", "1591588631", "1601268309", "1602031795", "1970855934", "1981776219", "1982143166", "1983684785", "1992018794", "1999826012", "2004549006", "2009168106", "2022972753", "2034617014", "2043536457", "2047872628", "2060503750", "2067070204", "2071198115", "2072005001", "2077809598", "2082803709", "2092895344", "2095720674", "2108217840", "2127664981", "2133984843", "2144464222", "2144952534", "2154644194", "2167969796", "2169261688", "2220097642", "2497612783", "2801176996", "2904474789", "2905476494", "2977974273", "3021735420", "3119599347" ], "abstract": "the literature on democratic consolidation emphasizes the importance of effective parties for the functioning of democracy specifically the institutional resilience of democracy and the consolidation of broad based representative government require the institutionalization of major political factions in this article i reassess this thesis and apply it to the political parties in turkey and southern europe by employing the comparative method of difference two major conclusions are reached first party institutionalization does not constitute a sufficient condition for democratic consolidation moreover several institutional rules that may challenge the very idea of democracy tend to support party institutionalization second party institutionalization reinforced by partisan polarization may result in tenser relations among political parties a situation that does not contribute to democratic consolidation", "title_raw": "Party institutionalization and democratic consolidation: Turkey and Southern Europe in comparative perspective", "abstract_raw": "The literature on democratic consolidation emphasizes the importance of effective parties for the functioning of democracy. Specifically, the institutional resilience of democracy and the consolidation of broad-based representative government require the institutionalization of major political factions. In this article, I reassess this thesis and apply it to the political parties in Turkey and Southern Europe by employing the comparative method of difference. Two major conclusions are reached. First, party institutionalization does not constitute a sufficient condition for democratic consolidation. Moreover, several institutional rules that may challenge the very idea of democracy tend to support party institutionalization. Second, party institutionalization reinforced by partisan polarization may result in tenser relations among political parties \u2013 a situation that does not contribute to democratic consolidation." }, { "paper": "2183164169", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2015", "title": "public opinion feedback between elections and stability of single party majority governments", "label": [ "131364728", "3116431", "94625758", "148834064", "2781440851", "2780586970", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2936779337", "2428156418" ], "reference": [ "1468291802", "1528289020", "1551230775", "1979470252", "1987975594", "2001821361", "2004938036", "2014179366", "2016440516", "2016991351", "2049142303", "2057082518", "2085926033", "2086786483", "2091029268", "2124375692", "2132024057", "2133582247", "2151094193", "2151964873" ], "abstract": "why would a mid term slump in public support destabilize a single party government with a secure majority in parliament we argue here that the answer can be found in the internal politics of the government party faced with declining government popularity ordinary legislators in the government party who above all fear loss of their seats may withdraw support from the party leadership and thereby destabilize the government we set out an informal model that suggests how if public opinion shocks have different implications for different classes of politician in the government there may be well specified circumstances in which these can destabilize a single party majority cabinet we assess these theoretical conclusions using public opinion data from japan", "title_raw": "Public opinion feedback between elections, and stability of single-party majority governments", "abstract_raw": "Why would a mid-term slump in public support destabilize a single-party government with a secure majority in parliament? We argue here that the answer can be found in the internal politics of the government party. Faced with declining government popularity, ordinary legislators in the government party, who above all fear loss of their seats, may withdraw support from the party leadership and thereby destabilize the government. We set out an informal model that suggests how, if public opinion shocks have different implications for different classes of politician in the government there may be well-specified circumstances in which these can destabilize a single party majority cabinet. We assess these theoretical conclusions using public opinion data from Japan." }, { "paper": "2091501018", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2015", "title": "elizabeth j remick regulating prostitution in china gender and local statebuilding 1900 1937", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2150884311" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Elizabeth J. Remick. Regulating Prostitution in China: Gender and Local Statebuilding, 1900\u20131937.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2136989175", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2015", "title": "israeli clinic provides lifeline for refugees", "label": [ "199539241", "544040105", "148834064", "70036468", "173145845", "160735492" ], "author": [ "2891759498" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "roughly 2000 km separate eritrea and israel by foot it is a ferocious journey eritrean border guards are instructed to shoot people fleeing the country without permission those who make it over the border must traverse sudan and sneak into egypt the last leg of the crossing over the lawless sinai peninsula is fraught with danger criminal gangs prey on travellers kidnapping and torturing them these days entering israel illegally from egypt is extremely diffi cult a security fence spans the border replete with barbed wire surveillance cameras and motion detectors but 2006 12 saw an influx of around 37 000 eritrean and 14 000 sudanese migrants these people marched hundreds of kilometres we have several hundred victims of torture and many people are suffering from post traumatic stress disorder explains michael dor former deputy director of the medical services division in israel s ministry of health health care provision for those who are in israel illegally is patchy emergency wards are obliged to treat everyone in need regardless of legal status the national health insurance law which covers all israeli citizens also entitles every child in the country to free health care including the full immunisation programme but substantial gaps remain and it was with a view to providing free health care for those not covered by law that dor established a clinic in south tel aviv now known as the public clinic terem in 2008 aside from people who came illegally into the country there are around 100 000 foreign citizens who have remained in israel after their work permits have expired all are entitled to use the clinic the police and immigration services are not allowed to come near to the clinic absolutely not explains dor they do not get any reports from my staff people feel safe using our services initially volunteer general practitioners saw patients three times a week the demand was overwhelming and under the leadership of director orel ben ari the clinic began to grow it caught the attention of the government a us 1 5 million grant from the israeli ministry of health facilitated a move to the current facilities in tel aviv s central bus station", "title_raw": "Israeli clinic provides lifeline for refugees", "abstract_raw": "Roughly 2000 km separate Eritrea and Israel. By foot, it is a ferocious journey. Eritrean border guards are instructed to shoot people fleeing the country without permission. Those who make it over the border must traverse Sudan, and sneak into Egypt. The last leg of the crossing, over the lawless Sinai peninsula, is fraught with danger. Criminal gangs prey on travellers, kidnapping and torturing them. These days, entering Israel illegally from Egypt is extremely diffi cult: a security fence spans the border, replete with barbed wire, surveillance cameras, and motion detectors. But 2006\u201312 saw an influx of around 37 000 Eritrean and 14 000 Sudanese migrants. \u201cThese people marched hundreds of kilometres, we have several hundred victims of torture and many people are suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder\u201d, explains Michael Dor, former Deputy Director of the Medical Services Division in Israel\u2019s Ministry of Health. Health-care provision for those who are in Israel illegally is patchy. Emergency wards are obliged to treat everyone in need, regardless of legal status. The National Health Insurance Law, which covers all Israeli citizens, also entitles every child in the country to free health care, including the full immunisation programme. But substantial gaps remain, and it was with a view to providing free health care for those not covered by law that Dor established a clinic in south Tel Aviv, now known as the Public Clinic Terem, in 2008. Aside from people who came illegally into the country, there are around 100 000 foreign citizens who have remained in Israel after their work permits have expired. All are entitled to use the clinic. \u201cThe police and immigration services are not allowed to come near to the clinic\u2014absolutely not\u201d, explains Dor. \u201cThey do not get any reports from my staff ; people feel safe using our services.\u201d Initially, volunteer general practitioners saw patients three times a week. The demand was overwhelming, and under the leadership of director Orel Ben-Ari, the clinic began to grow. It caught the attention of the government. A US$1\u00b75 million grant from the Israeli Ministry of Health facilitated a move to the current facilities in Tel Aviv\u2019s Central Bus Station." }, { "paper": "2079905332", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2015", "title": "public support for referendums in europe a cross national comparison in 21 countries", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431", "2781462389", "2779114464", "555826173", "2779103253" ], "author": [ "2093158071", "233027794" ], "reference": [ "259729104", "428797342", "579248024", "599139368", "649783965", "1540933854", "1543446303", "1599690209", "1917244245", "1952380553", "1964525343", "1965921622", "1967755804", "1968533978", "1981457167", "1992487237", "2023362085", "2028852424", "2028973395", "2052925656", "2058216731", "2059261348", "2067131691", "2067341759", "2083319565", "2084528250", "2094145922", "2095691819", "2098706230", "2098996331", "2112987370", "2121695112", "2131186670", "2137152954", "2141033131", "2141212639", "2142378683", "2144555468", "2148782280", "2152729704", "2152775923", "2164308816", "2172222043", "2179098100", "2289987768", "2473133769", "2499233574", "2506456729", "2884627151", "3015503587" ], "abstract": "previous research is unclear about who supports the use of referendums and why one line of research suggests that people with greater cognitive resources are more supportive of referendums another line claims that referendums are supported by citizens who feel disconnected from the political process we integrate both perspectives include civic duty and political cynicism as key explanatory variables and offer a model explaining referendum support across europe drawing on both individual and contextual factors our study is based on a survey conducted in 21 eu member states n 22 806 results show support for both perspectives and for our new indicators suggesting that referendum support is highest among citizens who are critical of traditional party politics but committed to democratic practices", "title_raw": "Public support for referendums in Europe: a cross-national comparison in 21 countries", "abstract_raw": "Previous research is unclear about who supports the use of referendums and why. One line of research suggests that people with greater cognitive resources are more supportive of referendums. Another line claims that referendums are supported by citizens who feel disconnected from the political process. We integrate both perspectives, include civic duty and political cynicism as key explanatory variables, and offer a model explaining referendum support across Europe drawing on both individual and contextual factors. Our study is based on a survey conducted in 21 EU member states (N = 22,806). Results show support for both perspectives and for our new indicators, suggesting that referendum support is highest among citizens who are critical of traditional party politics but committed to democratic practices." }, { "paper": "2334043704", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "bypass white house come to congress with spending request key legislator tells nsf", "label": [ "199539241", "2781287902" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Bypass White House, come to Congress with spending request, key legislator tells NSF", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2124621265", "venue": "107737141", "year": "2015", "title": "terrorism in cyberspace the next generation", "label": [ "203133693" ], "author": [ "2103834778" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Terrorism in Cyberspace: The Next Generation", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2145015429", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2015", "title": "good bye hegemony power and influence in the global system by simon reich and richard ned lebow", "label": [ "2776051254", "135121143" ], "author": [ "2512729839" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Good\u2010bye hegemony! Power and influence in the global system. By Simon Reich and Richard Ned Lebow", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1509959898", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2015", "title": "the dollar and national security the monetary components of hard power by paul viotti stanford ca stanford university press 2014 248 pp paper 25 95", "label": [ "528167355", "2780008575" ], "author": [ "2506590320" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Dollar and National Security: The Monetary Components of Hard Power by Paul Viotti. Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 2014. 248 pp. Paper, $25.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2993910143", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "an unworthy ally", "label": [ "94625758", "203133693", "148834064", "2779808665" ], "author": [ "2034524455", "2277733504" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the authors argue that the u s government should cease sponsoring the pakistani government and drop pakistan as an ally they claim that pakistan s national interests do not align with those of the u s and that despite significant u s financial aid and security assistance pakistan continues to support terrorist groups the article examines pakistan s historical reliance on militant proxies its relationship with the u s since 1954 and efforts by several u s presidents such as jimmy carter ronald reagan and bill clinton to advance the relationship between the u s and pakistan the authors criticize the u s government for attempting to work with islamist political parties jamaat e islami and jamiat ulema e islam", "title_raw": "An Unworthy Ally", "abstract_raw": "The authors argue that the U.S. government should cease sponsoring the Pakistani government and drop Pakistan as an ally. They claim that Pakistan's national interests do not align with those of the U.S., and that despite significant U.S. financial aid and security assistance, Pakistan continues to support terrorist groups. The article examines Pakistan's historical reliance on militant proxies, its relationship with the U.S. since 1954, and efforts by several U.S. presidents such as Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton to advance the relationship between the U.S. and Pakistan. The authors criticize the U.S. government for attempting to work with Islamist political parties Jamaat-e-Islami and Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam" }, { "paper": "2544419048", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "how proxy wars work", "label": [ "519688237", "503427281", "451841", "541409800", "199539241", "120302604" ], "author": [ "2780392068" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Proxy Wars Work", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2604745444", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2015", "title": "power politics in zimbabwe by michael bratton boulder co lynne rienner 2014 281p 68 00", "label": [ "2779655753" ], "author": [ "2557149739" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Power Politics in Zimbabwe. By Michael Bratton. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2014. 281p. $68.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1559809531", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "nation builder john quincy adams and the grand strategy of the republic", "label": [ "172002799" ], "author": [ "2302564881" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Nation builder: : John Quincy Adams and the grand strategy of the Republic.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2121324541", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2015", "title": "the power of the dark side negative partisanship and political behaviour in canada", "label": [ "2778223634", "2776051254", "94625758", "2776050585", "2780586970" ], "author": [ "2224664118", "2222800109", "2104244509" ], "reference": [ "575148534", "1534757324", "1596149372", "1971918029", "1975582252", "1977825494", "1989772081", "2002781081", "2023379956", "2024140722", "2034520239", "2035883433", "2038310706", "2042864442", "2047080701", "2047377959", "2058216731", "2069785154", "2072535839", "2078442884", "2086536089", "2102770351", "2108414166", "2112301586", "2117318745", "2132488280", "2133469585", "2138612631", "2147332011", "2150187013", "2150614739", "2157979842", "2158810025", "2160910326", "2165893637", "2171919272", "2182475309", "2324199951", "2329648039", "2726715247", "2799106716", "2978321633", "3011865677" ], "abstract": "the origins and implications of partisan identification are well studied but negative partisan attitudes dislike for a particular party have escaped such scrutiny even as the politics of negativity enjoys sustained popularity especially come election time in this paper we build upon the comparatively modest negative partisanship literature to consider the effects of negative partisan attitudes on a range of political behaviours there are reasons to suspect that negative and positive partisanship may have different effects thus accounting for the unique influence of negative attitudes is important for understanding the full effect of partisanship on political behaviour our results based upon canadian election study data from 2008 and 2011 reveal that in addition to vote choice negative partisanship influences voter turnout and a range of political activities both related and unrelated to parties these findings provide evidence of the power of the dark side of partisanship", "title_raw": "The Power of the Dark Side: Negative Partisanship and Political Behaviour in Canada", "abstract_raw": "The origins and implications of partisan identification are well-studied, but negative partisan attitudes\u2014dislike for a particular party\u2014have escaped such scrutiny, even as the politics of negativity enjoys sustained popularity, especially come election time. In this paper we build upon the comparatively modest negative partisanship literature to consider the effects of negative partisan attitudes on a range of political behaviours. There are reasons to suspect that negative and positive partisanship may have different effects; thus, accounting for the unique influence of negative attitudes is important for understanding the full effect of partisanship on political behaviour. Our results, based upon Canadian Election Study data from 2008 and 2011, reveal that, in addition to vote choice, negative partisanship influences voter turnout and a range of political activities, both related and unrelated to parties. These findings provide evidence of the power of the \u201cdark side\u201d of partisanship." }, { "paper": "2175090378", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2015", "title": "trends in mental health inequalities in england during a period of recession austerity and welfare reform 2004 to 2013", "label": [ "100243477", "2250968", "2777022163", "69828861", "187155963" ], "author": [ "2742237334", "2250334815", "2570221094" ], "reference": [ "105043888", "1026837667", "1581993271", "1905117030", "1972831262", "1981839354", "1983467187", "1983658107", "1988426648", "1997400404", "2011268042", "2011677744", "2021769328", "2037292505", "2052755711", "2081286730", "2093664379", "2108349167", "2121435509", "2130179853", "2157637899", "2186588010", "2283684883", "2415780394", "2493365892", "2501286012", "3010325095", "3110131302" ], "abstract": "several indicators of population mental health in the uk have deteriorated since the financial crisis during a period when a number of welfare reforms and austerity measures have been implemented we do not know which groups have been most affected by these trends or the extent to which recent economic trends or recent policies have contributed to them we use data from the quarterly labour force survey to investigate trends in self reported mental health problems by socioeconomic group and employment status in england between 2004 and 2013 we then use panel regression models to investigate the association between local trends in mental health problems and local trends in unemployment and wages to investigate the extent to which these explain increases in mental health problems during this time we found that the trend in the prevalence of people reporting mental health problems increased significantly more between 2009 and 2013 compared to the previous trends this increase was greatest amongst people with low levels of education and inequalities widened the gap in prevalence between low and high educated groups widened by 1 29 percentage points for women 95 ci 0 50 to 2 08 and 1 36 percentage points for men 95 ci 0 31 to 2 42 between 2009 and 2013 trends in unemployment and wages only partly explained these recent increases in mental health problems the trend in reported mental health problems across england broadly mirrored the pattern of increases in suicides and antidepressant prescribing welfare policies and austerity measures implemented since 2010 may have contributed to recent increases in mental health problems and widening inequalities this has led to rising numbers of people with low levels of education out of work with mental health problems these trends are likely to increase social exclusion as well as demand for and reliance on social welfare systems", "title_raw": "Trends in mental health inequalities in England during a period of recession, austerity and welfare reform 2004 to 2013.", "abstract_raw": "Several indicators of population mental health in the UK have deteriorated since the financial crisis, during a period when a number of welfare reforms and austerity measures have been implemented. We do not know which groups have been most affected by these trends or the extent to which recent economic trends or recent policies have contributed to them. We use data from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey to investigate trends in self reported mental health problems by socioeconomic group and employment status in England between 2004 and 2013. We then use panel regression models to investigate the association between local trends in mental health problems and local trends in unemployment and wages to investigate the extent to which these explain increases in mental health problems during this time. We found that the trend in the prevalence of people reporting mental health problems increased significantly more between 2009 and 2013 compared to the previous trends. This increase was greatest amongst people with low levels of education and inequalities widened. The gap in prevalence between low and high educated groups widened by 1.29 percentage points for women (95% CI: 0.50 to 2.08) and 1.36 percentage points for men (95% CI: 0.31 to 2.42) between 2009 and 2013. Trends in unemployment and wages only partly explained these recent increases in mental health problems. The trend in reported mental health problems across England broadly mirrored the pattern of increases in suicides and antidepressant prescribing. Welfare policies and austerity measures implemented since 2010 may have contributed to recent increases in mental health problems and widening inequalities. This has led to rising numbers of people with low levels of education out of work with mental health problems. These trends are likely to increase social exclusion as well as demand for and reliance on social welfare systems." }, { "paper": "2045623122", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2015", "title": "ruslan dzarasov the conundrum of russian capitalism london plutopress 2014 pp x 294 isbn 9780745332789 pbk 145 00", "label": [ "514928085" ], "author": [ "1963926938" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ruslan Dzarasov, The conundrum of Russian capitalism (London: PlutoPress, 2014. Pp. x + 294. ISBN 9780745332789 Pbk. $145.00)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2580819088", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2015", "title": "state and nation making in latin america and spain republics of the possiblestate and nation making in latin america and spain republics of the possible edited by centenomiguel a ferraroagustin new york cambridge university press 2014 469 pp 29 99 paper isbn 97811074 54392", "label": [ "2776398702", "158886217" ], "author": [ "1976477031" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "State and Nation Making in Latin America and Spain: Republics of the PossibleState and Nation Making in Latin America and Spain: Republics of the Possible, edited by CentenoMiguel A.FerraroAgustin. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 469 pp. $29.99 paper. ISBN: 97811074 54392.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3124628799", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2015", "title": "citizen participation in budgeting a trade off between knowledge and inclusiveness", "label": [ "555826173", "39549134", "2776639384" ], "author": [ "2157030661" ], "reference": [ "1564529195", "1974306186", "1975659308", "1978633258", "1992258830", "1996392459", "1997432944", "2017372075", "2022128261", "2039057859", "2044199898", "2049779778", "2059651068", "2060510544", "2065800536", "2072670477", "2100666806", "2111430401", "2114739388", "2127554791", "2131597270", "2140150066", "2141687949", "2143596072", "2156734458", "2157436589", "2157552636", "2157594341", "2165855496", "2280095574", "2332405336", "2501533740", "2589473423", "2772104422", "2803111378" ], "abstract": "research on citizen participation has noted a tension between fostering an inclusive policy making process and simultaneously maintaining a competent pool of participating citizens this article investigates the implications of this trade off by testing the impact of measured levels of inclusiveness and participating citizens knowledgeability on two performance metrics citizen engagement and process efficiency results indicate that although inclusiveness may be negatively associated with the level of engagement both knowledgeability and inclusiveness are positively associated with process efficiency overall the findings suggest that policy makers can pursue the democratic ideal of opening policy making to the citizenry while still maintaining an efficient process", "title_raw": "Citizen Participation in Budgeting: A Trade-Off between Knowledge and Inclusiveness?", "abstract_raw": "Research on citizen participation has noted a tension between fostering an inclusive policy-making process and simultaneously maintaining a competent pool of participating citizens. This article investigates the implications of this trade-off by testing the impact of measured levels of inclusiveness and participating citizens\u2019 knowledgeability on two performance metrics: citizen engagement and process efficiency. Results indicate that although inclusiveness may be negatively associated with the level of engagement, both knowledgeability and inclusiveness are positively associated with process efficiency. Overall, the findings suggest that policy makers can pursue the democratic ideal of opening policy making to the citizenry while still maintaining an efficient process." }, { "paper": "1977271011", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2015", "title": "political space representations with approval data", "label": [ "94625758", "117763746", "167654663", "39549134", "520049643", "100479058" ], "author": [ "2288250790", "2745326101" ], "reference": [ "108073118", "110098120", "171720695", "587373156", "628052711", "1482828348", "1488687704", "1538963401", "1546143445", "1565589301", "1808669124", "1892009175", "1966384122", "1977132893", "1979145342", "1985949226", "1986078414", "1993527581", "2002916934", "2015894431", "2030843909", "2033230007", "2043639449", "2047251343", "2047638784", "2052497059", "2053720373", "2060147086", "2062240191", "2062687676", "2064939170", "2073201421", "2074366952", "2086545029", "2116877392", "2120477000", "2121811606", "2123252635", "2126581565", "2135114312", "2136849723", "2157968420", "2160473357", "2168712786", "2170780047", "2238394694", "2313814871", "2321230279", "2321425355", "3099514962", "3124981946" ], "abstract": "data from political elections provide a snapshot of the political landscape of a country or region this snapshot is filtered and maybe also distorted through the lens of the voting method in place the standard plurality voting method by virtue of asking every voter to report only the maximum of his or her preferences might provide too little data for an accurate snapshot we analyze data from two large scale field experiments in germany where voters employed approval voting for both parties and candidates the analysis reveals that the underlying political landscapes as perceived by the voters are inherently multidimensional and cannot be reduced to a single left right dimension or even to a two dimensional space we compare the obtained representations with those derived from party positions as revealed by the wahl o mat voting advice application and further compare the results with those of the w nominate procedure", "title_raw": "Political Space Representations with Approval Data", "abstract_raw": "Data from political elections provide a snapshot of the political landscape of a country or region. This snapshot is filtered, and maybe also distorted, through the lens of the voting method in place. The standard Plurality Voting method, by virtue of asking every voter to report only the maximum of his or her preferences, might provide too little data for an accurate snapshot. We analyze data from two large-scale field experiments in Germany, where voters employed Approval Voting for both parties and candidates. The analysis reveals that the underlying political landscapes, as perceived by the voters, are inherently multidimensional and cannot be reduced to a single left-right dimension, or even to a two-dimensional space. We compare the obtained representations with those derived from party positions as revealed by the \u2018Wahl-o-Mat\u2019 voting advice application, and further compare the results with those of the W-NOMINATE procedure." }, { "paper": "2088405640", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2015", "title": "the characteristics of the e influence of community managers issues for the e reputation of organizations", "label": [ "518677369", "39549134", "48798503", "99574664" ], "author": [ "2776835474", "2335015839" ], "reference": [ "1487475533", "2011554523", "2033136510", "2061322428", "3121590070" ], "abstract": "e influence or digital influence arises from a favorable or unfavorable public assessment by new media users of the behaviors products and services of organizations which may have an impact on the online reputation of these organizations what characterizes this e influence the results of an empirical qualitative research with 20 social media managers or community managers active in quebec organizations shows five significant indicators of e influence", "title_raw": "The characteristics of the e-influence of Community Managers: Issues for the e-reputation of organizations", "abstract_raw": "\u201cE-influence\u201d, or digital influence, arises from a favorable or unfavorable public assessment by new media users of the behaviors, products, and services of organizations, which may have an impact on the online reputation of these organizations. What characterizes this e-influence? The results of an empirical qualitative research with 20 social media managers or Community Managers active in Quebec organizations shows five significant indicators of e-influence." }, { "paper": "2324683242", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2015", "title": "jess gilbert planning democracy agrarian intellectuals and the intended new deal", "label": [ "2776732289", "555826173", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2465052509" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Jess Gilbert. Planning Democracy: Agrarian Intellectuals and the Intended New Deal.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2037222606", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2015", "title": "gerard beaur phillipp r schofield jean michel chevet and maria teresa perez picazo eds property rights land markets and economic growth in the european countryside turnhout belgium brepols 2013 pp 535 46 figs 62 tabs isbn 9782503529554 pbk 74 65", "label": [ "129047720", "86511162" ], "author": [ "1958651450" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "G\u00e9rard B\u00e9aur, Phillipp R. Schofield, Jean\u2010Michel Chevet, and Mar\u00eda Teresa P\u00e9rez Picazo, eds., Property rights, land markets and economic growth in the European countryside (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2013. Pp. 535. 46 figs. 62 tabs. ISBN 9782503529554 Pbk. \u00a374.65)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1510023966", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2015", "title": "multinational federalism in bosnia and herzegovina", "label": [ "533735693", "199539241", "158016649" ], "author": [ "2114303357" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "bosnia hercegovina hereinafter bosnia is a unique case in the panorama of federal states and is probably the first case of a new model of imposed federalism and of internationally administe", "title_raw": "Multinational Federalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina", "abstract_raw": "Bosnia & Hercegovina (hereinafter Bosnia) is a unique case in the panorama of federal states, and is probably the first case of a new model of \u2018imposed\u2019 federalism and of \u2018internationally administe..." }, { "paper": "2054655408", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2015", "title": "africa s waning democratic commitment", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "1763733212" ], "reference": [ "211067930", "589717079", "1571665123", "1654929075", "2058216731", "2202978231", "2555062330", "3124630424" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Africa's Waning Democratic Commitment", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3125841318", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2015", "title": "poverty and immigration policy", "label": [ "189326681", "70036468", "169437150", "111141941", "44725695" ], "author": [ "2001658938" ], "reference": [ "27426142", "31541987", "169219175", "590311876", "603612179", "603838837", "642799095", "1412715318", "1479702511", "1484594910", "1493700376", "1499804035", "1506150457", "1521006229", "1522057612", "1532869543", "1533852881", "1534609726", "1535803599", "1540711561", "1555160648", "1562099304", "1579449604", "1588679243", "1591281224", "1594301268", "1853999640", "1935329889", "1963962886", "1965374065", "1968585305", "1969909933", "1972591045", "1973105630", "1977969029", "1981364594", "1983596557", "2006835752", "2024254834", "2024914273", "2027809678", "2037709016", "2039230270", "2041607960", "2044985950", "2049849661", "2071578102", "2073139884", "2082605766", "2084509705", "2085635751", "2094461575", "2097163217", "2104507728", "2117027948", "2118530671", "2118966035", "2119381798", "2124049908", "2124525589", "2125732631", "2128942311", "2128948217", "2133522387", "2134463988", "2135243847", "2138079088", "2141884589", "2149379483", "2150629004", "2152063877", "2158574981", "2159685536", "2161858300", "2166693703", "2169041719", "2169569025", "2224370687", "2466838745", "2479324209", "2494355601", "2571883742", "2610371964", "2992867541", "3121680899", "3121936941", "3122200339", "3122350244", "3123061851", "3123985247", "3124488712", "3125392256", "3126120034" ], "abstract": "what are the ethical implications of global poverty for immigration policy this article finds substantial evidence that migration is effective at reducing poverty there is every indication that the adoption of a fairly open immigration policy by rich countries coupled with selective use of immigration restrictions in cases of deleterious brain drain could be of significant assistance to people living in poor countries empirically there is nothing wrong with using immigration policy to address poverty the reason we have to reject such an approach is not empirical but normative people have human rights to stay in their home country and to migrate elsewhere counter poverty measures that require people to move or to stay are likely to violate these rights everyone should be free to migrate but no one should be forced to migrate using immigration policy to address global poverty in place of alternatives fails on both these counts", "title_raw": "Poverty and Immigration Policy", "abstract_raw": "What are the ethical implications of global poverty for immigration policy? This article finds substantial evidence that migration is effective at reducing poverty. There is every indication that the adoption of a fairly open immigration policy by rich countries, coupled with selective use of immigration restrictions in cases of deleterious brain drain, could be of significant assistance to people living in poor countries. Empirically there is nothing wrong with using immigration policy to address poverty. The reason we have to reject such an approach is not empirical but normative. People have human rights to stay in their home country and to migrate elsewhere. Counter poverty measures that require people to move or to stay are likely to violate these rights. Everyone should be free to migrate but no one should be forced to migrate. Using immigration policy to address global poverty, in place of alternatives, fails on both these counts." }, { "paper": "2223023800", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "fresh water goes global", "label": [ "3116431", "513891491" ], "author": [ "1992807621", "2016768421", "2124030311", "2017985712", "2131568129" ], "reference": [ "650144047", "1990469714", "2015053255", "2049630332", "2077249311", "2087860192", "2093027911", "2093575882", "2107140090" ], "abstract": "water management is a central responsibility of civil society major questions persist regarding practice policy and the underlying evidence and methods to inform both over the next 3 weeks science presents essays invited to debate key issues in freshwater research and management this week local versus global when and to what extent should a global viewpoint replace or work in tandem with enduring localized perspectives", "title_raw": "Fresh water goes global", "abstract_raw": "Water management is a central responsibility of civil society. Major questions persist regarding practice, policy, and the underlying evidence and methods to inform both. Over the next 3 weeks, Science presents essays invited to debate key issues in freshwater research and management. This week: local versus global. When, and to what extent, should a global viewpoint replace, or work in tandem with, enduring localized perspectives?" }, { "paper": "2299491801", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2015", "title": "transparency in international law edited by andrea bianchi and anne peters cambridge new york cambridge university press 2013 pp xx 620 index 140 90", "label": [ "199539241", "2780233690", "55447825" ], "author": [ "2152557768" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Transparency in International Law. Edited by Andrea Bianchi and Anne Peters. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. xx, 620. Index. $140, \u00a390.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2158971620", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2015", "title": "an analysis of social media ownership litigation between organizations and pr practitioners", "label": [ "39549134", "518677369" ], "author": [ "2312451664" ], "reference": [ "1542613483", "2268596041", "2763662912", "2992963763", "3122422130" ], "abstract": "this article explores recent lawsuits surrounding social media ownership in the united states and united kingdom because social media has become a valuable tool for public relations many organizations now claim an ownership interest in their employees social media accounts this article explores three recent cases two in the u s and one in the u k that involve social media ownership issues an overview of these cases is presented and suggestions are made for pr practitioners agencies and organizations", "title_raw": "An analysis of social media ownership litigation between organizations and PR practitioners", "abstract_raw": "This article explores recent lawsuits surrounding social media ownership in the United States and United Kingdom. Because social media has become a valuable tool for public relations, many organizations now claim an ownership interest in their employees\u2019 social media accounts. This article explores three recent cases (two in the U.S. and one in the U.K.) that involve social media ownership issues. An overview of these cases is presented, and suggestions are made for PR practitioners, agencies, and organizations." }, { "paper": "2283573493", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "virunga s white savior complex", "label": [ "199539241", "2780761599" ], "author": [ "2039984982", "2268321412", "3188152980", "741781735", "2263147153", "2050808337", "2297145847", "3021993732", "2628770839", "2681842840", "2561887956", "2636474609", "2564112455" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Virunga's white savior complex", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2070154004", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2015", "title": "the punishment imperative the rise and failure of mass incarceration in america by todd r clear and natasha a frost new york new york university press 2013 269 pp 30 00", "label": [ "2777978526", "2776446040" ], "author": [ "2399955435" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Punishment Imperative: The Rise and Failure of Mass Incarceration in America by Todd R. Clear and Natasha A. Frost. New York, New York University Press, 2013. 269 pp. $30.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2598703751", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "european space agency picks finalists for next science mission", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "1974920718" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "European Space Agency picks finalists for next science mission", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2229465195", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2015", "title": "migrant youth transnational families and the state care and contested interests by lauren heidbrink review", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2643350838" ], "reference": [ "618890271" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Migrant Youth, Transnational Families and the State: Care and Contested Interests by Lauren Heidbrink (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2195650298", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2015", "title": "europarties after enlargement organization ideology and competition by e bressanelli basingstoke and new york palgrave macmillan 2014 isbn 9781137348852 xi 206 pp 58 00 hb", "label": [ "158071213" ], "author": [ "1662857948" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Europarties after Enlargement? Organization, Ideology and Competition, by E. Bressanelli (Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, ISBN 9781137348852), xi+206 pp., \u00a358.00 hb.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2287476229", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "a chance to get science right", "label": [ "109986646", "2780328347", "148834064", "121426985", "3116431", "137757676", "2781440851", "94625758", "160842062" ], "author": [ "2590450065" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "figure 1 photo caut the upcoming canadian election later this month will provide a welcome opportunity to reboot the federal government s controversial approach to science policy and research the current conservative government has been undermining science for the past 9 years damaging the institutions that make scientific advancement possible and trying to ensure that political and ideological priorities dominate scientific work figure 1 photo eiko jones corbis canada needs to reverse this damage to its scientific enterprise academic and government research play a particularly important role in canada because the private sector does proportionately less research than in most other industrialized countries as a percentage of gross domestic product business spending on r d in the united states is twice as much as it is in canada yet it is public science in universities and in government that is eroding under the current government science and technology budgets at canada s 13 science based federal departments and agencies have been cut by 596 million in constant 2007 dollars between 2008 and 2013 during that period 2141 full time equivalent federal scientific positions were eliminated canada s three federal funding agencies for academic research have been hit hard allocations for the social sciences and humanities research council the natural sciences and engineering research council and the canadian institutes for health research have fallen since the present government came to power the biggest drop has been in the humanities and social sciences which have seen their real dollar base funding decline more than 10 natural sciences and engineering have experienced a decline of more than 4 and health sciences funding has dropped by more than 7 to the money the government does allocate to these agencies strings are often attached strings that limit funding to specific political priorities set by the government the government has also changed membership on the governing councils of these agencies historically they were held primarily by scientific experts in the fields no longer on the social sciences and humanities council the majority of members are from the corporate sector economics business and engineering the council for the natural sciences and engineering has no biologists chemists physicists or mathematicians eight of its 17 members are engineers four are corporate executives and three are professional administrators the result is what former university of toronto president and distinguished medical researcher david naylor has called a growing emphasis on fettered research match funded industry facing research with an applied orientation beyond the funding agencies there is a good deal of politically motivated defunding the federal government s hostility to climate science ended support for the canadian foundation for climate and atmospheric sciences and for the experimental lakes area the world s only living natural laboratory for freshwater research the government also eliminated canada s mandatory long form census the only source of reliable data for much social science research as well as for the development and evaluation of public policy the same government has systematically muzzled government scientists preventing them from responding to media about published articles without political permission it has transformed canada s legendary national research council formerly similar to the u s national laboratories into in the words of gary goodyear then minister of science and technology a concierge service that offers a single phone number to connect businesses to all their r d needs canada needs to reverse this damage to its scientific enterprise an immediate priority should be establishing a prominent role for science in government by creating a parliamentary science officer and a parliamentary research and science advisory council composed of top scientists that report directly to parliament hopefully the widespread and visible public concern about the fall of science will lead whichever party is elected on 19 october to move in a very different direction it will take concerted action to make this happen 1 pending yes", "title_raw": "A chance to get science right.", "abstract_raw": "![Figure][1] \n\nPHOTO: \u00a9 CAUT\n\nThe upcoming Canadian election later this month will provide a welcome opportunity to reboot the federal government's controversial approach to science policy and research. The current Conservative government has been undermining science for the past 9 years, damaging the institutions that make scientific advancement possible and trying to ensure that political and ideological priorities dominate scientific work.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\nPHOTO: \u00a9 EIKO JONES/CORBIS\n\n> \u201cCanada needs to reverse this damage to its scientific enterprise.\u201d \n\nAcademic and government research play a particularly important role in Canada, because the private sector does proportionately less research than in most other industrialized countries. As a percentage of gross domestic product, business spending on R&D in the United States is twice as much as it is in Canada. Yet it is public science\u2014in universities and in government\u2014that is eroding under the current government. Science and technology budgets at Canada's 13 science-based federal departments and agencies have been cut by $596 million (in constant 2007 dollars) between 2008 and 2013. During that period, 2141 full-time equivalent federal scientific positions were eliminated.\n\nCanada's three federal funding agencies for academic research have been hit hard. Allocations for the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, and the Canadian Institutes for Health Research have fallen since the present government came to power. The biggest drop has been in the humanities and social sciences, which have seen their real-dollar base funding decline more than 10%. Natural sciences and engineering have experienced a decline of more than 4%, and health sciences funding has dropped by more than 7%. To the money the government does allocate to these agencies, strings are often attached; strings that limit funding to specific political priorities set by the government. The government has also changed membership on the governing councils of these agencies. Historically, they were held primarily by scientific experts in the fields. No longer. On the social sciences and humanities council, the majority of members are from the corporate sector, economics, business, and engineering. The council for the natural sciences and engineering has no biologists, chemists, physicists, or mathematicians. Eight of its 17 members are engineers, four are corporate executives, and three are professional administrators. The result is what former University of Toronto president and distinguished medical researcher David Naylor has called a growing emphasis on \u201cfettered\u201d research: \u201cmatch-funded, industry-facing research with an applied orientation.\u201d\n\nBeyond the funding agencies, there is a good deal of politically motivated defunding. The federal government's hostility to climate science ended support for the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and for the Experimental Lakes Area, the world's only living natural laboratory for freshwater research. The government also eliminated Canada's mandatory long-form census, the only source of reliable data for much social science research as well as for the development and evaluation of public policy.\n\nThe same government has systematically muzzled government scientists, preventing them from responding to media about published articles without political permission. It has transformed Canada's legendary National Research Council, formerly similar to the U.S. national laboratories, into, in the words of Gary Goodyear, then Minister of Science and Technology, a \u201cconcierge service\u201d that offers a single phone number to connect businesses to all their R&D needs.\n\nCanada needs to reverse this damage to its scientific enterprise. An immediate priority should be establishing a prominent role for science in government by creating a parliamentary science officer and a parliamentary research and science advisory council composed of top scientists that report directly to Parliament. Hopefully, the widespread and visible public concern about the fall of science will lead whichever party is elected on 19 October to move in a very different direction. It will take concerted action to make this happen.\n\n [1]: pending:yes" }, { "paper": "1772546531", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "the cancer test", "label": [ "39549134", "2778521920", "2776050585" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in the fall of 2013 emails arrived in the inboxes of dozens of scientists informing that their work had been chosen for scrutiny by a project aiming to replicate 50 high impact cancer biology papers the reproducibility project cancer biology an ambitious open science effort to test whether key findings in top journals can be reproduced by independent labs has stirred concerns in the community almost every scientist targeted by the project who spoke with science agrees that studies in cancer biology as in many other fields too often turn out to be irreproducible but few feel comfortable with this particular effort which plans to announce its findings in coming months leaders of the project say it will ultimately benefit the field by gauging the extent of the reproducibility problem in cancer biology", "title_raw": "The cancer test.", "abstract_raw": "In the fall of 2013, emails arrived in the inboxes of dozens of scientists informing that their work had been chosen for scrutiny by a project aiming to replicate 50 high-impact cancer biology papers. The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, an ambitious, open-science effort to test whether key findings in top journals can be reproduced by independent labs, has stirred concerns in the community. Almost every scientist targeted by the project who spoke with Science agrees that studies in cancer biology, as in many other fields, too often turn out to be irreproducible. But few feel comfortable with this particular effort, which plans to announce its findings in coming months. Leaders of the project say it will ultimately benefit the field by gauging the extent of the reproducibility problem in cancer biology." }, { "paper": "2170117037", "venue": "32314625", "year": "2015", "title": "childbearing within marriage and consensual union in latin america 1980 2010", "label": [ "158886217", "2779442300" ], "author": [ "1638857820", "2298309617", "2130114060", "140981356" ], "reference": [ "97196054", "155270489", "343299944", "562377478", "1180351275", "1485769100", "1486024477", "1488069179", "1521105177", "1522139898", "1554248266", "1572051057", "1577375269", "1599709507", "1602690796", "1655761341", "1656675905", "1672534639", "1784560442", "1855638405", "1972818937", "1973777091", "1977810055", "1978684166", "2015925367", "2020060122", "2023153663", "2033896243", "2034004928", "2044668978", "2053216750", "2056888539", "2084362684", "2099644784", "2110367439", "2113287434", "2119048970", "2121477104", "2128435229", "2143393946", "2166458557", "2166986048", "2170773711", "2171482825", "2227264022", "2276534953", "2334599853", "2400642776", "2402856336", "2441792547", "2488874939" ], "abstract": "this article compares the fertility patterns of women in consensual union and marriage in 13 latin american countries using census microdata from the four most recent census rounds and a methodological approach that combines the own children method and poisson regression results show that in all these countries fertility is slightly higher within consensual union than marriage and that the age pattern of fertility is very similar in marital and non marital unions further analyses show that over the period considered childbearing within a consensual union has changed from rare to increasingly common although not yet mainstream for highly educated women in most countries examined results show that in latin america at least since the 1980s women s childbearing patterns depend on their age and on their being in a conjugal relationship but not on the legal nature of this relationship the similarities in reproductive behavior between marital and non marital unions are not confined to the socially disadvantaged groups but apply as well to the better off", "title_raw": "Childbearing within marriage and consensual union in Latin America 1980-2010.", "abstract_raw": "This article compares the fertility patterns of women in consensual union and marriage in 13 Latin American countries, using census microdata from the four most recent census rounds and a methodological approach that combines the own-children method and Poisson regression. Results show that in all these countries, fertility is slightly higher within consensual union than marriage and that the age pattern of fertility is very similar in marital and non-marital unions. Further analyses show that over the period considered, childbearing within a consensual union has changed from rare to increasingly common, although not yet mainstream, for highly educated women in most countries examined. Results show that in Latin America, at least since the 1980s, women's childbearing patterns depend on their age and on their being in a conjugal relationship, but not on the legal nature of this relationship. The similarities in reproductive behavior between marital and non-marital unions are not confined to the socially disadvantaged groups, but apply as well to the better off." }, { "paper": "1695576101", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2015", "title": "lost generation looms as refugees miss university", "label": [ "199539241", "173145845", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2126046128" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Lost generation looms as refugees miss university", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2078188698", "venue": "90857023", "year": "2015", "title": "english language proficiency among israeli jews and palestinian arabs in the united states 1980 2000", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "1434058725" ], "reference": [ "1533347966", "1579121478", "1606192125", "1607529894", "1843800825", "1965071231", "1972398695", "1973022224", "1975048238", "1983177385", "1990988604", "1999467429", "2000990251", "2001511504", "2002616876", "2010108454", "2019898356", "2034658764", "2036184407", "2051098463", "2056356148", "2059964341", "2061647242", "2068390615", "2075172801", "2080365139", "2081228174", "2125705164", "2133364120", "2148541614", "2165055384", "2170999558", "2288860808", "2329782668", "3121455749", "3122547419", "3123634594", "3123766441" ], "abstract": "this study assesses the determinants of english language proficiency among three subgroups of israeli immigrants in the united states namely native born israeli jews foreign born israeli jews and palestinian arabs and how these determinants have changed over time multivariate analyses of decennial censuses from 1980 1990 and 2000 reveal substantial differences in the directions and significance of the relationships between the independent variables and english proficiency of the subgroups under investigation ethnoreligious affiliation per se is seen to be an important factor that consistently explains intra group variation in english proficiency this lends support to the split approach over the lump approach in attempting to understand immigrants linguistic dynamics in the new country the findings are discussed in reference to three working hypotheses exposure efficiency and economic incentives and in the specific sociopolitical conditions of jews and arabs at both origin and destination abstract from author", "title_raw": "English\u2010Language Proficiency among Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs in the United States, 1980\u20132000", "abstract_raw": "This study assesses the determinants of English-language proficiency among three subgroups of Israeli immigrants in the United States, namely native-born Israeli Jews, foreign-born Israeli Jews, and Palestinian Arabs, and how these determinants have changed over time. Multivariate analyses of decennial censuses from 1980, 1990, and 2000 reveal substantial differences in the directions and significance of the relationships between the independent variables and English proficiency of the subgroups under investigation. Ethnoreligious affiliation per se is seen to be an important factor that consistently explains intra-group variation in English proficiency. This lends support to the split approach over the lump approach in attempting to understand immigrants' linguistic dynamics in the new country. The findings are discussed in reference to three working hypotheses - 'exposure,' 'efficiency,' and 'economic incentives' - and in the specific sociopolitical conditions of Jews and Arabs at both origin and destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]" }, { "paper": "2000287984", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2015", "title": "changing motivations time of the voting decision and short term volatility the dynamics of voter heterogeneity", "label": [ "61267812", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2275420277", "6161638" ], "reference": [ "179819226", "603978690", "618764699", "1496080858", "1515424492", "1519435787", "1577954649", "1586508260", "1751375992", "1966432486", "1993285484", "2036389121", "2041656211", "2042196160", "2045870180", "2047377959", "2073250002", "2076261026", "2109371943", "2115281393", "2135365169", "2142090173", "2147837205", "2164558494", "2207658622", "2324622157", "2329648039", "2330339681", "2476546483", "2505622545", "2587725707" ], "abstract": "the notion of voter heterogeneity that different voters decide according to different sets of choice criteria has become widely accepted but while in a given election some voters are candidate oriented and others are issue oriented little is known about the temporal dimension of heterogeneity are candidate voters at t1 also candidate voters at t2 we argue that individual voters motivations can change over time and expect that the extent of inter as well as intra individual heterogeneity impacts the process of individual decision making using panel data collected in the run up to the german federal election 2009 we demonstrate that certain choice motivations and intra individual changes in these motivations lead to later vote decisions and contribute to the explanation of vote switching", "title_raw": "Changing motivations, time of the voting decision, and short-term volatility \u2013 The dynamics of voter heterogeneity", "abstract_raw": "The notion of \u201cvoter heterogeneity\u201d \u2013 that different voters decide according to different sets of choice criteria \u2013 has become widely accepted. But while in a given election some voters are candidate-oriented and others are issue-oriented, little is known about the temporal dimension of heterogeneity: are candidate voters at t1 also candidate voters at t2? We argue that individual voters' motivations can change over time and expect that the extent of inter- as well as intra-individual heterogeneity impacts the process of individual decision-making. Using panel data collected in the run-up to the German Federal Election 2009 we demonstrate that certain choice motivations and intra-individual changes in these motivations lead to later vote decisions and contribute to the explanation of vote switching." }, { "paper": "2264176984", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2015", "title": "do allies really free ride", "label": [ "94625758", "199539241", "178592042" ], "author": [ "2298536759" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "american decision makers and security analysts often complain that allies free ride on the united states this charge serves a political end", "title_raw": "Do Allies Really Free Ride", "abstract_raw": "American decision-makers and security analysts often complain that allies \u2018free ride\u2019on the United States. This charge serves a political end." }, { "paper": "2339103614", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2015", "title": "a dwarf among giants party competition between ethno regionalist and state wide parties on the territorial dimension the case of italy 1963 2013", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2397100805" ], "reference": [ "1968925320", "1974214430", "2081709086", "2123957646", "2133666122", "2143320461", "2157968420", "2177382589", "2246965258", "2492861403", "2990716537" ], "abstract": "scholars of party politics have recently examined the influence of niche parties on the dynamics of party competition in particular drawing on the position salience and ownership pso model", "title_raw": "A dwarf among giants? Party competition between ethno-regionalist and state-wide parties on the territorial dimension: The case of Italy (1963\u20132013)", "abstract_raw": "Scholars of party politics have recently examined the influence of niche parties on the dynamics of party competition. In particular, drawing on the \u2018Position, Salience and Ownership\u2019 (PSO) model, ..." }, { "paper": "1605004533", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "in from the cold", "label": [ "148834064", "2780966255", "2777617010", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2274243332" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a handful of cuban scientists are keeping science alive by cunning and daring in an isolated nation trapped in a time warp their chief impediment is the u s embargo in place for a half century it stymies the import of equipment and supplies made in the united states or with u s components and it has turned cuba into a cyber backwater with excruciatingly slow internet speeds but at long last cuban science is poised to join the modern world revised travel rules ease visits to cuba for u s scientists and the u s commerce department now allows scientific equipment to be freely donated to cuba as long as it does not have potential military applications and in a critical way cuba is about to join the scientific mainstream in the coming months the government is expected to establish an agency akin to the u s national science foundation that will distribute research funds through competitive peer reviewed grants", "title_raw": "In from the cold.", "abstract_raw": "A handful of Cuban scientists are keeping science alive by cunning and daring in an isolated nation trapped in a time warp. Their chief impediment is the U.S. embargo in place for a half-century. It stymies the import of equipment and supplies made in the United States or with U.S. components, and it has turned Cuba into a cyber-backwater with excruciatingly slow Internet speeds. But at long last, Cuban science is poised to join the modern world. Revised travel rules ease visits to Cuba for U.S. scientists, and the U.S. Commerce Department now allows scientific equipment to be freely donated to Cuba, as long as it does not have potential military applications. And in a critical way, Cuba is about to join the scientific mainstream. In the coming months, the government is expected to establish an agency akin to the U.S. National Science Foundation that will distribute research funds through competitive, peer-reviewed grants." }, { "paper": "1845644307", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2015", "title": "two stage elections strategic candidates and campaign agendas", "label": [ "45184978", "59742305", "2777582232", "2778449503", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2336998883", "2049155569" ], "reference": [ "571363641", "599501920", "610650680", "1575712614", "1840218356", "1966765839", "1972594786", "1977825494", "1978704149", "1983878267", "1996745368", "2004260107", "2005269510", "2019100834", "2033965962", "2050164375", "2063745511", "2074318803", "2081629908", "2086379428", "2092298252", "2095609712", "2106744808", "2107628037", "2113158521", "2114756593", "2115608187", "2116514027", "2117062748", "2145427077", "2148096022", "2154862029", "2160177873", "2301443057", "2319951792", "2991476647" ], "abstract": "candidates employ strategies that depend on the electorate involved and the opponent s they face in two stage elections elections that include both a primary and a general election candidates must balance the need to satisfy their party s electorate and defeat their primary opponent s with the need to appeal to the electorate as a whole in order to defeat their general election opponent that balance will depend on whether the primary stage is contested or not we evaluate how candidates in 56 u s senate and gubernatorial campaigns respond to these considerations by analyzing the bundles of issues candidates emphasize in their campaign advertising as expected electoral competition leads candidates to emphasize similar issues over the course of their campaigns as a result candidates involved in contested primaries adopt a mixed strategy responding both to their primary election opponents and their eventual general election opponent during the primary election phase of the contest", "title_raw": "Two-stage elections, strategic candidates, and campaign agendas", "abstract_raw": "Candidates employ strategies that depend on the electorate involved and the opponent(s) they face. In two-stage elections \u2014 elections that include both a primary and a general election \u2014 candidates must balance the need to satisfy their party's electorate and defeat their primary opponent(s) with the need to appeal to the electorate as a whole in order to defeat their general election opponent. That balance will depend on whether the primary stage is contested or not. We evaluate how candidates in 56 U.S. Senate and gubernatorial campaigns respond to these considerations by analyzing the bundles of issues candidates emphasize in their campaign advertising. As expected, electoral competition leads candidates to emphasize similar issues over the course of their campaigns. As a result, candidates involved in contested primaries adopt a mixed strategy, responding both to their primary election opponents and their eventual general election opponent during the primary-election phase of the contest." }, { "paper": "2188241738", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2015", "title": "ukraine between russia and the european union triangle revisited", "label": [ "74086019", "2778809458", "199539241", "158071213", "94625758", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2640020754" ], "reference": [ "9727776", "76032150", "645706730", "1995143346", "2002723656", "2016314060", "2021833456", "2035441643", "2057906062", "2065839903", "2066363336", "2083212768", "2115144799", "2137688508", "2144467654", "2156826314", "2488756446", "3122341774" ], "abstract": "abstractukraine has long been considered as a bone of contention between the eu and russia which could eventually lead to a geographical split of the country this interpretation however fails to explain the dynamic of the ukrainian revolution and russian ukrainian war to address the deadlock in understanding the mixed dynamics of the situation in ukraine the article argues that the relations in the eu ukraine russia triangle are affected by the combination of choices that the ukrainian political class business elites and broader society make in four major dimensions internal political practices economic dimension a dimension of international politics and an ideological dimension", "title_raw": "Ukraine between Russia and the European Union: Triangle Revisited", "abstract_raw": "AbstractUkraine has long been considered as a bone of contention between the EU and Russia which could eventually lead to a geographical split of the country. This interpretation, however, fails to explain the dynamic of the Ukrainian revolution and Russian\u2013Ukrainian war. To address the deadlock in understanding the mixed dynamics of the situation in Ukraine, the article argues that the relations in the EU\u2013Ukraine\u2013Russia triangle are affected by the combination of choices that the Ukrainian political class, business elites and broader society make in four major dimensions: internal political practices; economic dimension; a dimension of international politics; and an ideological dimension." }, { "paper": "2011177272", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2015", "title": "a new era for population health government academia and community moving upstream together", "label": [ "2778584109", "2778149918", "148834064", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2331268819", "3037906094" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A New Era for Population Health: Government, Academia, and Community Moving Upstream Together", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2559426897", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "obama s arab security strategy", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2606717272" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Obama's Arab Security Strategy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "327685476", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2015", "title": "the impact of media relations on certain organizational and business performances serbian case", "label": [ "160682292", "67037518", "538473155", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2028509933", "2212722796", "98990040", "2065527670", "2168172454" ], "reference": [ "1978549855", "2019591674", "2048226819", "2058738741", "2065121512", "2092322780" ], "abstract": "this paper presents the results of research into the impact of media relations on certain organizational and business performances the data were obtained using questionnaires completed by n 394 middle managers from 123 companies in serbia to increase organizational performances companies should pay close attention to modern media as well as to the presence of the ceo in the media to increase business performance companies should pay considerable attention to both modern and traditional media while the company s media presence has an advantage over that of the ceo", "title_raw": "The impact of media relations on certain organizational and business performances: Serbian case", "abstract_raw": "This paper presents the results of research into the impact of media relations on certain organizational and business performances. The data were obtained using questionnaires completed by N = 394 middle managers from 123 companies in Serbia. To increase organizational performances, companies should pay close attention to modern media, as well as to the presence of the CEO in the media. To increase business performance, companies should pay considerable attention to both modern and traditional media, while the company\u2019s media presence has an advantage over that of the CEO." }, { "paper": "1974937511", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2015", "title": "embracing defeat in seoul rethinking decolonization in korea 1945", "label": [ "531593650", "125109622", "135544838", "94625758", "2778495208" ], "author": [ "2271058574" ], "reference": [ "175941116", "313248309", "381078764", "594181183", "607271482", "614386766", "617597792", "1499744306", "1512835085", "1518564918", "1548328981", "1549553473", "1579304799", "1583913128", "1966985170", "1985787577", "1986743449", "2018788929", "2030025901", "2077859203", "2116115803", "2154312198", "2167646079", "2232541836", "2321286181", "2892154739", "3120124640" ], "abstract": "revisiting the political and social history of seoul korea in 1945 this article assesses responses to japanese defeat and the end of empire in the context of american military occupation the arrival of the americans forced japanese and koreans alike to rethink their positions in the world drawing on past colonial practices japanese residents used the immediate post surrender moment to ponder their future prospects recording those thoughts in a number of public and private sources they negotiated the passage from a colonial to a post imperial society i argue by embracing a consciousness of a defeated people while disregarding criticisms of colonial rule this investigation seeks to interpret the immediate post world war ii moment in seoul less as a founding moment of the cold war and more as an important transition in the history of decolonization", "title_raw": "Embracing Defeat in Seoul: Rethinking Decolonization in Korea, 1945", "abstract_raw": "Revisiting the political and social history of Seoul, Korea, in 1945, this article assesses responses to Japanese defeat and the end of empire in the context of American military occupation. The arrival of the Americans forced Japanese and Koreans alike to rethink their positions in the world. Drawing on past colonial practices, Japanese residents used the immediate post-surrender moment to ponder their future prospects, recording those thoughts in a number of public and private sources. They negotiated the passage from a colonial to a post-imperial society, I argue, by embracing a consciousness of a defeated people while disregarding criticisms of colonial rule. This investigation seeks to interpret the immediate post-World War II moment in Seoul less as a founding moment of the Cold War and more as an important transition in the history of decolonization." }, { "paper": "3121845380", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2015", "title": "the new corporate web tailored entity partitions and creditors selective enforcement", "label": [ "2781403521", "86432685", "504631918", "2779777834", "199728807" ], "author": [ "2145363965" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "firms have developed sophisticated legal mechanisms that partition assets across some dimensions but not others the result is a complex web of interconnected affiliates for example an asset placed in one legal entity may serve as collateral guaranteeing the debts of another legal entity within the larger corporate group conventional accounts of corporate groups cannot explain these tailored partitions nor can they explain the increasingly common scenario in which one creditor is the primary lender to all or most of the legal entities in the group this article develops a new theory of selective enforcement to fill these gaps when a debtor defaults on a loan the default may signal a failure across the entire firm or it may signal an assetor project specific failure tailored partitions give a primary monitoring creditor the option to select either project specific enforcement or firm wide enforcement depending on the signal that the creditor receives in this way the creditor can address firm wide risks and failures globally while locally containing the costly effects of project specific risks and failures this option for selective enforcement reduces the costs of monitoring and enforcing loan agreements and in turn reduces the debtor s cost of capital these concepts of selective enforcement and tailored partitions have important implications for legal theory and practice in addition to providing a cohesive justification for the web of entity partitions and cross liabilities that characterize much of corporate structure today they also inform how bankruptcy courts should approach a wide range of legal and policy issues including holding company equity guarantees good faith filing rules fraudulent transfers and ipso facto clauses author assistant professor of law the university of chicago law school i thank kelli alces ken ayotte adam badawi douglas baird omri ben shahar erin casey michael j casey wendy epstein henry hansmann rich hynes ed iacobucci saul levmore alex morgan ed morrison anthony niblett randy picker eric posner roberta romano andres sawicki alan schwartz julia simon kerr david skeel holger spamann george triantis david weisbach and yesha yadav for helpful comments and discussion i also thank participants at the annual meeting of the american association of law and economics the annual meeting of the canadian law and economics association the canadian economics association annual conference the national business law scholars conference the junior business law conference the young bankruptcy scholars workshop and workshops at the university of texas school of law yale law school northwestern university school of law and columbia law school i thank daniel epstein kaitlinn sliter and michael zarcaro for excellent research assistance the jerome f kutak faculty fund provided research support the new corporate web 2681 article contents", "title_raw": "The New Corporate Web: Tailored Entity Partitions and Creditors' Selective Enforcement", "abstract_raw": "Firms have developed sophisticated legal mechanisms that partition assets across some dimensions but not others. The result is a complex web of interconnected affiliates. For example, an asset placed in one legal entity may serve as collateral guaranteeing the debts of another legal entity within the larger corporate group. Conventional accounts of corporate groups cannot explain these tailored partitions. Nor can they explain the increasingly common scenario in which one creditor is the primary lender to all or most of the legal entities in the group. This Article develops a new theory of selective enforcement to fill these gaps. When a debtor defaults on a loan, the default may signal a failure across the entire firm, or it may signal an assetor project-specific failure. Tailored partitions give a primary monitoring creditor the option to select either project-specific enforcement or firm-wide enforcement, depending on the signal that the creditor receives. In this way, the creditor can address firm-wide risks and failures globally while locally containing the costly effects of project-specific risks and failures. This option for selective enforcement reduces the costs of monitoring and enforcing loan agreements and, in turn, reduces the debtor\u2019s cost of capital. These concepts of selective enforcement and tailored partitions have important implications for legal theory and practice. In addition to providing a cohesive justification for the web of entity partitions and cross liabilities that characterize much of corporate structure today, they also inform how bankruptcy courts should approach a wide range of legal and policy issues, including holding-company equity guarantees, good-faith-filing rules, fraudulent transfers, and ipso facto clauses. author. Assistant Professor of Law, The University of Chicago Law School. I thank Kelli Alces, Ken Ayotte, Adam Badawi, Douglas Baird, Omri Ben-Shahar, Erin Casey, Michael J. Casey, Wendy Epstein, Henry Hansmann, Rich Hynes, Ed Iacobucci, Saul Levmore, Alex Morgan, Ed Morrison, Anthony Niblett, Randy Picker, Eric Posner, Roberta Romano, Andres Sawicki, Alan Schwartz, Julia Simon-Kerr, David Skeel, Holger Spamann, George Triantis, David Weisbach, and Yesha Yadav for helpful comments and discussion. I also thank participants at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Law and Economics, the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Law and Economics Association, the Canadian Economics Association Annual Conference, the National Business Law Scholars Conference, the Junior Business Law Conference, the Young Bankruptcy Scholars\u2019 Workshop, and workshops at the University of Texas School of Law, Yale Law School, Northwestern University School of Law, and Columbia Law School. I thank Daniel Epstein, Kaitlinn Sliter, and Michael Zarcaro for excellent research assistance. The Jerome F. Kutak Faculty Fund provided research support. the new corporate web 2681 article contents" }, { "paper": "2069853496", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2015", "title": "conflict what work life conflict a national study of future public relations practitioners", "label": [ "2780090960", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2233711091", "2647936376" ], "reference": [ "2063706297", "2141285433", "2160719026" ], "abstract": "abstract using a national random sample of prssa members n 464 this study explored public relations students perceptions of work life conflict and yielded findings suggesting 1 students anticipated moderate levels of work life conflict at their future jobs 2 family supportive organizational work environment was perceived to be instrumental in reducing work life conflict 3 strain based work life conflict reduces projected salary", "title_raw": "Conflict? What work\u2013life conflict? A national study of future public relations practitioners", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Using a national random sample of PRSSA members ( N \u00a0=\u00a0464), this study explored public relations students\u2019 perceptions of work\u2013life conflict and yielded findings suggesting: (1) students anticipated moderate levels of work\u2013life conflict at their future jobs; (2) family-supportive organizational work environment was perceived to be instrumental in reducing work\u2013life conflict; (3) strain-based work\u2013life conflict reduces projected salary." }, { "paper": "1492391442", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2015", "title": "editorial as ye sow so shall ye reap the european union in 2014", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2057110829", "702271170" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Editorial : 'As ye sow, so shall ye reap': the European Union in 2014", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1498572805", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2015", "title": "pariahs or partners inclusion and exclusion of radical right parties and the effects on their policy positions", "label": [ "199539241", "2776298855", "70036468", "134320572", "2776693646", "2777617010" ], "author": [ "1899717649", "1343431791" ], "reference": [ "432091001", "642761026", "943527770", "1600411829", "1701471885", "1973169979", "1974214430", "1977500843", "1980164017", "1987963854", "1988075980", "1997669826", "1998356576", "2000876528", "2011972203", "2013307618", "2014579955", "2016465283", "2017880760", "2020334443", "2024450703", "2032763246", "2037551794", "2050185942", "2050745676", "2058514915", "2063339531", "2066017243", "2083955435", "2086545029", "2090295612", "2127550467", "2128096974", "2130783943", "2132030776", "2132438439", "2136767046", "2143320461", "2144305068", "2147709583", "2150328445", "2153488810", "2157546188", "2161663476", "2488757655", "2520924409", "2949407995" ], "abstract": "this article investigates the effects of inclusion and exclusion on the policy agendas of radical right parties radical right parties face diverging political opportunity structures in western europe in some countries the prospect of office has become a realistic option since the beginning of this century in other countries radical right parties remain ostracised by mainstream parties research has focused mainly on the electoral effects of inclusion and exclusion strategies systematic analyses of the effects on policy agendas are scarce this article focuses on the policy positions of radical right parties with respect to the key issues of immigration and integration the finding is that ostracised parties have not changed much over time but there is no evidence that cordons sanitaires have a freezing effect contrary to expectations non ostracised parties have not become more moderate over time after the turn of the millennium non ostracised radical right parties have become just as radical as their ostracised cousins", "title_raw": "Pariahs or Partners? Inclusion and Exclusion of Radical Right Parties and the Effects on Their Policy Positions", "abstract_raw": "This article investigates the effects of inclusion and exclusion on the policy agendas of radical right parties. Radical right parties face diverging political opportunity structures in Western Europe. In some countries, the prospect of office has become a realistic option since the beginning of this century; in other countries radical right parties remain ostracised by mainstream parties. Research has focused mainly on the electoral effects of inclusion and exclusion strategies. Systematic analyses of the effects on policy agendas are scarce. This article focuses on the policy positions of radical right parties with respect to the key issues of immigration and integration. The finding is that ostracised parties have not changed much over time, but there is no evidence that cordons sanitaires have a freezing effect. Contrary to expectations, non-ostracised parties have not become more moderate over time. After the turn of the millennium, non-ostracised radical right parties have become just as radical as their ostracised cousins." }, { "paper": "2606369174", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2015", "title": "legacies memories and consequences of european communism s collapse", "label": [ "542948173" ], "author": [ "881698592" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Legacies, Memories, and Consequences of European Communism\u2019s Collapse", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1598059545", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2015", "title": "democratic transformation and obstruction eu us and russia in the south caucasus by nelli babayan", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2100368123" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democratic transformation and obstruction: EU, US and Russia in the South Caucasus. By Nelli Babayan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2112643222", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2015", "title": "living accountability hot rhetoric cool theory and uneven practice", "label": [ "148834064", "2778805511", "3116431", "147859227", "2778061430", "2776007630", "39549134" ], "author": [ "288760021" ], "reference": [ "262918244", "344923655", "638526684", "1130209691", "1161463434", "1175804190", "1482340030", "1491840256", "1584445064", "1873327402", "1907625282", "1965629333", "1968042795", "1970393007", "1978934215", "1980856243", "2030691835", "2045518222", "2062691115", "2068581722", "2073990164", "2084428104", "2096478713", "2101903660", "2106985063", "2108722549", "2115448600", "2116419249", "2125715958", "2126789314", "2131417967", "2138076862", "2139637548", "2161217898", "2168060994", "2319955402" ], "abstract": "doi 10 1017 s1049096514001553 american political science association 2015 ps january 2015 1 barbara s romzek is dean of the school of public aff airs at american university as noted in the citation she has made numerous important contributions to multiple streams of public administration and political science literature her research on accountability has been particularly important in the development of contemporary thinking about the control of public organizations and the complex patterns of interaction involved in contemporary accountability she has also made signifi cant contributions to research on public sector reform government contracting and the role of policy networks in service delivery romzek has authored or co authored three books and several dozen articles and book chapters romzek s prolifi c record of scholarly achievement sustained for over 30 years in academia epitomizes the lifetime of exemplary scholarship envisaged by apsa for the john gaus distinguished lecturer award she can be reached at bromzek american edu the 2014 john gaus award lecture", "title_raw": "Living Accountability: Hot Rhetoric, Cool Theory, and Uneven Practice", "abstract_raw": "doi:10.1017/S1049096514001553 \u00a9 American Political Science Association, 2015 PS \u2022 January 2015 1 Barbara S. Romzek is dean of the School of Public Aff airs at American University. As noted in the citation \u201cshe has made numerous important contributions to multiple streams of public administration and political science literature. Her research on accountability has been particularly important in the development of contemporary thinking about the control of public organizations, and the complex patterns of interaction involved in contemporary accountability. She has also made signifi cant contributions to research on public sector reform, government contracting, and the role of policy networks in service delivery. ... Romzek has authored or co-authored three books and several dozen articles and book chapters. Romzek\u2019s prolifi c record of scholarly achievement, sustained for over 30 years in academia, epitomizes the lifetime of exemplary scholarship envisaged by APSA for the John Gaus Distinguished Lecturer Award.\u201d She can be reached at bromzek@american.edu . THE 2014 JOHN GAUS AWARD LECTURE" }, { "paper": "2582207498", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "erdogan s war", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2251496296", "2580093621" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Erdogan's War", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2288185379", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2015", "title": "conflict and security in africa", "label": [ "509929229" ], "author": [ "2190754138" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Conflict and security in Africa", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2547200744", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "an unholy alliance", "label": [ "2778431023", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2275332779" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "An Unholy Alliance", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2271762347", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2015", "title": "annexation of crimea", "label": [ "199539241", "65117487", "135544838", "2778480956", "8705443", "2776729102", "2778607876", "2781462389" ], "author": [ "2123158571" ], "reference": [ "2077036645", "2111852116", "2189996017", "2325048546", "2438992942", "2504156367", "2761692777", "3121433212", "3125849536", "3125872484", "3125995851" ], "abstract": "the russian federation by a municipal law act dated march 21 2014 annexed crimea an area of ukraine this act followed armed intervention by forces of the russian federation a referendum and a declaration of independence in crimea outside the context of decolonization few claims of annexation following the use of force have been made during the united nations era this is the first by a permanent member of the security council against a united nations member the present article examines the annexation of crimea in view of the legal arguments that the russian federation has articulated in defense of its actions it then considers the international response and the possible consequences of nonrecognition", "title_raw": "Annexation of Crimea", "abstract_raw": "The Russian Federation, by a municipal law act dated March 21, 2014, annexed Crimea, an area of Ukraine. This act followed armed intervention by forces of the Russian Federation, a referendum, and a declaration of independence in Crimea. Outside the context of decolonization, few claims of annexation following the use of force have been made during the United Nations era; this is the first by a permanent member of the Security Council against a United Nations member. The present article examines the annexation of Crimea in view of the legal arguments that the Russian Federation has articulated in defense of its actions. It then considers the international response and the possible consequences of nonrecognition." }, { "paper": "2748251514", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2015", "title": "book reviewcaribbean tourismcaribbean tourism jean s holder canoe press jamaica 2013 price 33 22 448 pp paperback isbn 978 976 653 015 0", "label": [ "18918823" ], "author": [ "2159346786" ], "reference": [ "2047996938", "2083338216" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book ReviewCaribbean TourismCaribbean Tourism, Jean S. Holder, Canoe Press, Jamaica (2013), Price \u00a333.22, 448 pp. (paperback) ISBN: 978-976-653-015-0", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2095688322", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2015", "title": "drug trafficking in guinea bissau 1998 2014 the evolution of an elite protection network", "label": [ "2779072820", "2775987171", "2780510313", "178592042", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2114598358" ], "reference": [ "361723651", "572934041", "598982281", "657026891", "1494775825", "1570555554", "1935992199", "1949348723", "1979196617", "1986341248", "1988389260", "1995516223", "2009473037", "2018735592", "2043459530", "2090335025", "2100287203", "2117208882", "2128308421", "2143485842", "2180813024", "2321463798", "2345892676", "2491997713", "2544406567", "2554607570", "2800708773", "2803600324" ], "abstract": "guinea bissau has been regularly described as a narco state yet few studies analyse how drug trafficking has evolved here based on extensive interviews in guinea bissau over several years this paper documents the process it concludes that using the term narco state where much of the state has little or no capacity is inappropriate a better approach is to analyse the actions of key players as an elite protection network in guinea bissau that network did not act on its own but relied on a series of entrepreneurs who operated as an interface between traffickers and the elite while the military as an institution is often said to be in charge of trafficking exclusive control by high ranking military personnel within the elite network only occurred relatively late senior soldiers attempts to provide more than just protection and to enter the drug market themselves led to the network s undoing", "title_raw": "Drug trafficking in Guinea-Bissau, 1998\u20132014: the evolution of an elite protection network", "abstract_raw": "Guinea-Bissau has been regularly described as a \u2018narco-state\u2019. Yet, few studies analyse how drug trafficking has evolved here. Based on extensive interviews in Guinea-Bissau over several years, this paper documents the process. It concludes that using the term \u2018narco-state\u2019, where much of the state has little or no capacity, is inappropriate. A better approach is to analyse the actions of key players as an elite protection network. In Guinea-Bissau, that network did not act on its own, but relied on a series of \u2018entrepreneurs' who operated as an interface between traffickers and the elite. While the military as an institution is often said to be in charge of trafficking, exclusive control by high-ranking military personnel within the elite network only occurred relatively late. Senior soldiers' attempts to provide more than just protection, and to enter the drug market themselves, led to the network's undoing." }, { "paper": "2320777939", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "bulgaria and hungary volunteer for e u scrutiny of their research systems", "label": [ "3116431", "2776050585" ], "author": [ "2345489577" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Bulgaria and Hungary volunteer for E.U. scrutiny of their research systems", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1903202244", "venue": "98137347", "year": "2015", "title": "incentivizing biodiversity conservation in artisanal fishing communities through territorial user rights and business model innovation", "label": [ "2780111930" ], "author": [ "1022435659", "2149628454" ], "reference": [ "50918791", "1549806170", "1561314713", "1580444375", "1597583439", "1816921718", "1850688037", "1875792031", "1970523058", "1974014842", "1995275761", "2009321893", "2024368099", "2064332797", "2067253669", "2070314170", "2076539130", "2085303201", "2094914465", "2119042742", "2133819239", "2137332005", "2142092751", "2159406485", "2160063820", "2161755832", "2318196134", "3022009422" ], "abstract": "territorial user rights for fisheries are being promoted to enhance the sustainability of small scale fisheries using chile as a case study we designed a market based program aimed at improving fishers livelihoods while incentivizing the establishment and enforcement of no take areas within areas managed with territorial user right regimes building on explicit enabling conditions i e high levels of governance participation and empowerment we used a place based human centered approach to design a program that will have the necessary support and buy in from local fishers to result in landscape scale biodiversity benefits transactional infrastructure must be complex enough to capture the biodiversity benefits being created but simple enough so that the program can be scaled up and is attractive to potential financiers biodiversity benefits created must be commoditized and desired behavioral changes must be verified within a transactional context demand must be generated for fisher created biodiversity benefits in order to attract financing and to scale the market model important design decisions around these 3 components supply transactional infrastructure and demand must be made based on local social ecological conditions our market model which is being piloted in chile is a flexible foundation on which to base scalable opportunities to operationalize a scheme that incentivizes local verifiable biodiversity benefits via conservation behaviors by fishers that could likely result in significant marine conservation gains and novel cross sector alliances incentivar la conservacion de la biodiversidad con comunidades de pesca artesanal por medio de derechos de uso territorial y la innovacion de modelos de negocio resumen los derechos de uso territorial en las pesquerias estan siendo promovidos para mejorar la sustentabilidad de las pesquerias a pequena escala utilizando a chile como estudio de caso disenamos un programa con base en el mercado para mejorar el sustento de los pescadores a la vez que se incentiva el establecimiento y la aplicacion de areas de reserva sin pesca dentro de areas manejadas por regimenes de derechos de uso territorial usamos una estrategia de diseno antropocentrico basada en condiciones explicitas del lugar es decir altos niveles de gobernanza participacion y empoderamiento para disenar un programa que tenga el apoyo y la aceptacion necesarios por parte de los pescadores locales y que resulte en beneficios para la biodiversidad a escala de paisaje la infraestructura transaccional debe ser lo suficientemente compleja para capturar estos beneficios durante su creacion pero lo suficientemente simple para que el programa pueda subir de escala y sea atractivo para los financiadores potenciales los beneficios creados deben ser un bien transable y los cambios conductuales deseados deben verificarse dentro de un contexto transaccional la demanda debe generarse para los beneficios de biodiversidad creados para asi poder atraer financiamiento y mantener a escala el modelo de mercado se deben tomar decisiones importantes de diseno alrededor de tres componentes suministro infraestructura transaccional y demanda con base en las condiciones socio ecologicas locales nuestro modelo de mercado que esta en etapa de prueba piloto en chile es un cimiento flexible sobre el cual se pueden basar oportunidades expandibles para volver operacional un esquema que incentiva los beneficios locales y verificables para la biodiversidad por medio de comportamientos de conservacion de los pescadores el modelo podria resultar en ganancias significativas de conservacion marina y alianzas novedosas a traves de differentes sectores", "title_raw": "Incentivizing biodiversity conservation in artisanal fishing communities through territorial user rights and business model innovation", "abstract_raw": "Territorial user rights for fisheries are being promoted to enhance the sustainability of small-scale fisheries. Using Chile as a case study, we designed a market-based program aimed at improving fishers\u2019 livelihoods while incentivizing the establishment and enforcement of no-take areas within areas managed with territorial user right regimes. Building on explicit enabling conditions (i.e., high levels of governance, participation, and empowerment), we used a place-based, human-centered approach to design a program that will have the necessary support and buy-in from local fishers to result in landscape-scale biodiversity benefits. Transactional infrastructure must be complex enough to capture the biodiversity benefits being created, but simple enough so that the program can be scaled up and is attractive to potential financiers. Biodiversity benefits created must be commoditized, and desired behavioral changes must be verified within a transactional context. Demand must be generated for fisher-created biodiversity benefits in order to attract financing and to scale the market model. Important design decisions around these 3 components\u2014supply, transactional infrastructure, and demand\u2014must be made based on local social-ecological conditions. Our market model, which is being piloted in Chile, is a flexible foundation on which to base scalable opportunities to operationalize a scheme that incentivizes local, verifiable biodiversity benefits via conservation behaviors by fishers that could likely result in significant marine conservation gains and novel cross-sector alliances.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIncentivar la Conservacion de la Biodiversidad con Comunidades de Pesca Artesanal por medio de Derechos de Uso Territorial y la Innovacion de Modelos de Negocio\r\n\r\nResumen\r\n\r\nLos derechos de uso territorial en las pesquerias estan siendo promovidos para mejorar la sustentabilidad de las pesquerias a pequena escala. Utilizando a Chile como estudio de caso, disenamos un programa con base en el mercado para mejorar el sustento de los pescadores a la vez que se incentiva el establecimiento y la aplicacion de areas de reserva sin pesca dentro de areas manejadas por regimenes de derechos de uso territorial. Usamos una estrategia de diseno antropocentrico basada en condiciones explicitas del lugar (es decir, altos niveles de gobernanza, participacion y empoderamiento) para disenar un programa que tenga el apoyo y la aceptacion necesarios por parte de los pescadores locales y que resulte en beneficios para la biodiversidad a escala de paisaje. La infraestructura transaccional debe ser lo suficientemente compleja para capturar estos beneficios durante su creacion, pero lo suficientemente simple para que el programa pueda subir de escala y sea atractivo para los financiadores potenciales. Los beneficios creados deben ser un bien transable, y los cambios conductuales deseados deben verificarse dentro de un contexto transaccional. La demanda debe generarse para los beneficios de biodiversidad creados para asi poder atraer financiamiento y mantener a escala el modelo de mercado. Se deben tomar decisiones importantes de diseno alrededor de tres componentes \u2013 suministro, infraestructura transaccional y demanda- con base en las condiciones socio-ecologicas locales. Nuestro modelo de mercado, que esta en etapa de prueba piloto en Chile, es un cimiento flexible sobre el cual se pueden basar oportunidades expandibles para volver operacional un esquema que incentiva los beneficios locales y verificables para la biodiversidad por medio de comportamientos de conservacion de los pescadores. El modelo podria resultar en ganancias significativas de conservacion marina y alianzas novedosas a traves de differentes sectores." }, { "paper": "2110199711", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2015", "title": "the crusade for equality in the workplace the griggs v duke power story by robert belton lawrence university press of kansas 2014 242 pp 39 95", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2893842164" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Crusade for Equality in the Workplace: The Griggs v. Duke Power Story by Robert Belton. Lawrence, University Press of Kansas, 2014. 242 pp. $39.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2155903486", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2015", "title": "the eu s human rights dialogue with china quiet diplomacy and its limits katrin kinzelbach london and new york routledge 2015 229 pp 85 00 145 00 isbn 978 0 415 69846 7", "label": [ "557252395", "169437150", "191935318" ], "author": [ "1979444576" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The EU's Human Rights Dialogue with China: Quiet Diplomacy and its Limits . KATRIN KINZELBACH. London and New York: Routledge, 2015 229 pp. \u00a385.00; $145.00 ISBN 978-0-415-69846-7", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2327439901", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2015", "title": "inequality in america race poverty and fulfilling democracy s promise by stephen m caliendo boulder co westview press 2014 288 pp paper 32 00", "label": [ "189326681", "555826173" ], "author": [ "1725981037" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Inequality in America: Race, Poverty, and Fulfilling Democracy's Promise by Stephen M.Caliendo. Boulder, CO, Westview Press, 2014. 288 pp. Paper, $32.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2937237282", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2015", "title": "the news gap when the information preferences of the media and the public diverge by pablo j boczkowski and eugenia mitchelstein cambridge ma the mit press 2013 320p 34 00 political communication in europe the cultural and structural limits of the european public sphere by francisco seoane perez new york palgrave macmillan 2013 304p 100 00", "label": [ "2779610281", "90508534" ], "author": [ "2609548539" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The News Gap: When the Information Preferences of the Media and the Public Diverge. By Pablo J. Boczkowski and Eugenia Mitchelstein. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2013. 320p. $34.00.Political Communication in Europe: The Cultural and Structural Limits of the European Public Sphere. By Francisco Seoane P\u00e9rez. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. 304p. $100.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2026394598", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2015", "title": "ebola outbreak from the perspective of african migrants in china", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2164404240", "2154481655", "2815794448", "626983319" ], "reference": [ "1990349233", "2110504620" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ebola Outbreak: From the Perspective of African Migrants in China", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2119924850", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2015", "title": "modernization and politics", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431", "53844881" ], "author": [ "2121845979" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Modernization and Politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2559929302", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "molina is out but guatemala is still divided", "label": [ "201342494" ], "author": [ "2674952820" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Molina is Out, But Guatemala is Still Divided", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1563337725", "venue": "90857023", "year": "2015", "title": "fragmented fatherland immigration and cold war conflict in the federal republic of germany 1945 1980 by alexander clarkson new york berghahn 2013 xiv 231 95 00", "label": [ "2777019345", "70036468" ], "author": [ "679295041" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Fragmented Fatherland: Immigration and Cold War Conflict in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945\u20131980. By Alexander Clarkson. New York: Berghahn, 2013. xiv, 231. $95.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2052901550", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2015", "title": "iraqi federalism and the kurds learning to live together by alex danilovich", "label": [ "3116431", "533735693", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2031410623" ], "reference": [ "2005852557", "3124391672" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Iraqi Federalism and the Kurds: Learning to Live Together, by Alex Danilovich", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2068967033", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "passing the ceo baton", "label": [ "160842062", "2777189325", "8795937", "39549134", "65916561", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "429754291" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "figure 1 credit david sharpe inc as i retire from the office of chief executive of the american association for the advancement of science aaas and pass the baton to my very capable successor physicist and former u s congressman rush holt i have been reflecting on changes over the past decades both within the scientific enterprise and in its relationship with the rest of society many trends are cause for celebration but others require remedial attention on the positive side new technologies have enabled new and very important scientific questions to be confronted and a rise in collaborative multidisciplinary science has fueled a remarkable pace of discovery science is also becoming more global in character as more countries invest in science and technology and fortify their infrastructures and science capacities science has never been more productive and yet the overall climate for science is more difficult than i have ever seen in my scientific career this stunning state of contradiction indicates that there has never been a greater need or a greater opportunity for an international organization such as aaas whose mission is to advance science and serve society figure 1 members have the potential to turn the tide and bring the full benefits of science to society credit ojo images istockphoto com 2 the pressures on the scientific enterprise are well known in the united states for example federal support for research and development has fallen 16 in inflation adjusted dollars from 2010 to the fiscal year 2015 budget request the situation is similar in many other countries although some emerging economies are enjoying large increases in science funding at the same time launching an independent academic research career has been taking longer the result of constrained funding and a scarcity of jobs for example most u s investigators now get their first independent research grant when they are in their late 30s or early 40s it is not surprising that many talented young scientists are abandoning the idea of a research career altogether added to this the relationship between scientists and the rest of the public seems to be slipping backward 3 climate change genetically modified foods and the teaching of evolution are among topics that now trigger unproductive tension in the fragile relationship between the scientific community and the rest of society a weakened science society relationship not only undermines public support for science but also makes it difficult for science to contribute to the solutions of societal problems this is a no win situation from every angle and aaas and many disciplinary societies have sought to address this problem through an array of public engagement activities these efforts include helping scientists to become better public communicators and providing forums through which scientists can work with members of the public on finding solutions to tension provoking issues there have been many voices on this page over the years that have called for the scientific community to become more involved in nurturing a public that is receptive to science as aaas holds its annual meeting next week in san jose california it is my hope for the organization that moving forward all of its members and constituents will take this call to heart and continue to pursue ambitious goals embrace a spirit of innovation and work with the greater scientific establishment not only to tackle the most pressing problems of the day but also to build a societal culture that champions science and thrives on the rewards of strong science society relations aaas members are an untapped source of influence by responding to calls to be involved in advocacy efforts volunteering to serve on advisory committees and engaging with the organization to shape its future programs and initiatives members have the potential to turn the tide and bring the full benefits of science to society rush holt is an ideal person to lead this organization and i pass the executive officer baton to him with great confidence 1 pending yes 2 http istockphoto com 3 fn 1", "title_raw": "Passing the CEO baton.", "abstract_raw": "![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: DAVID SHARPE, INC.\n\nAs I retire from the office of chief executive of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and pass the baton to my very capable successor, physicist and former U.S. congressman Rush Holt, I have been reflecting on changes over the past decades both within the scientific enterprise and in its relationship with the rest of society. Many trends are cause for celebration, but others require remedial attention. On the positive side, new technologies have enabled new and very important scientific questions to be confronted, and a rise in collaborative, multidisciplinary science has fueled a remarkable pace of discovery. Science is also becoming more global in character as more countries invest in science and technology and fortify their infrastructures and science capacities. Science has never been more productive. And yet, the overall climate for science is more difficult than I have ever seen in my scientific career. This stunning state of contradiction indicates that there has never been a greater need, or a greater opportunity, for an international organization such as AAAS, whose mission is to advance science and serve society.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\n\u201c\u2026members have the potential to turn the tide and bring the full benefits of science to society.\u201d \n\nCREDIT: OJO_IMAGES/[ISTOCKPHOTO.COM][2]\n\nThe pressures on the scientific enterprise are well known. In the United States, for example, federal support for research and development has fallen 16% in inflation-adjusted dollars from 2010 to the fiscal year 2015 budget request. The situation is similar in many other countries, although some emerging economies are enjoying large increases in science funding. At the same time, launching an independent academic research career has been taking longer, the result of constrained funding and a scarcity of jobs. For example, most U.S. investigators now get their first independent research grant when they are in their late 30s or early 40s. It is not surprising that many talented young scientists are abandoning the idea of a research career altogether.\n\nAdded to this, the relationship between scientists and the rest of the public seems to be slipping backward.[*][3] Climate change, genetically modified foods, and the teaching of evolution are among topics that now trigger unproductive tension in the fragile relationship between the scientific community and the rest of society. A weakened science-society relationship not only undermines public support for science but also makes it difficult for science to contribute to the solutions of societal problems. This is a no-win situation from every angle, and AAAS and many disciplinary societies have sought to address this problem through an array of public-engagement activities. These efforts include helping scientists to become better public communicators and providing forums through which scientists can work with members of the public on finding solutions to tension-provoking issues.\n\nThere have been many voices on this page over the years that have called for the scientific community to become more involved in nurturing a public that is receptive to science. As AAAS holds its annual meeting next week in San Jose, California, it is my hope for the organization that moving forward, all of its members and constituents will take this call to heart and continue to pursue ambitious goals, embrace a spirit of innovation, and work with the greater scientific establishment not only to tackle the most pressing problems of the day but also to build a societal culture that champions science and thrives on the rewards of strong science-society relations. AAAS members are an untapped source of influence. By responding to calls to be involved in advocacy efforts, volunteering to serve on advisory committees, and engaging with the organization to shape its future programs and initiatives, members have the potential to turn the tide and bring the full benefits of science to society. Rush Holt is an ideal person to lead this organization, and I pass the executive officer baton to him with great confidence.\n\n [1]: pending:yes\n [2]: http://ISTOCKPHOTO.COM\n [3]: #fn-1" }, { "paper": "584509664", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "leaving the west behind", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2632950363" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the ukraine crisis has reopened old questions about germany s relationship to the rest of the west as germany drifts away from the united states and gravitates toward russia and china", "title_raw": "Leaving the West behind", "abstract_raw": "The Ukraine crisis has reopened old questions about Germany\ufffds relationship to the rest of the West, as Germany drifts away from the United States and gravitates toward Russia and China." }, { "paper": "2289655539", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "nobel for antimalarial drug highlights east west divide", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "1817140627" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the question at last week s press conference announcing the nobel prize in physiology or medicine sparked a frisson of tension in the staid stockholm hall referring to the award of half of the prize to pharmacologist youyou tu for deriving the antimalarial drug artemisinin from a plant used in traditional chinese medicine tcm a chinese reporter asked can we say this is the first time you award recognition to tcm we are not giving a prize to traditional medicine shot back hans forssberg a member of the selection committee traditional medicine was a source of inspiration he explained but the prize was for discovering a new drug in fact the award exposes a widening rift between the biomedical mainstream and proponents of alternative therapies such as tcm which is based on principles dating back 2000 years", "title_raw": "Nobel for antimalarial drug highlights East-West divide", "abstract_raw": "The question at last week's press conference announcing the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine sparked a frisson of tension in the staid Stockholm hall. Referring to the award of half of the prize to pharmacologist Youyou Tu for deriving the antimalarial drug artemisinin from a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a Chinese reporter asked: \"Can we say this is the first time you award [recognition to] TCM?\" \"We are not giving a prize to traditional medicine,\" shot back Hans Forssberg, a member of the selection committee. Traditional medicine was a source of inspiration, he explained, but the prize was for discovering a new drug. In fact, the award exposes a widening rift between the biomedical mainstream and proponents of alternative therapies such as TCM, which is based on principles dating back 2000 years." }, { "paper": "2121032754", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2015", "title": "the new kings of crude china india and the global struggle for oil in sudan and south sudan by luke patey london hurst and company 2014 pp 357 25 pbk", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2263571414" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The New Kings of Crude: China, India and the Global Struggle for Oil in Sudan and South Sudan , by Luke Patey London: Hurst and Company, 2014. Pp. 357. \u00a325 (pbk)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2109306587", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2015", "title": "dexter whitfield 2014 unmasking austerity opposition and alternatives in europe and north america nottingham spokesman books", "label": [ "199539241", "2780668109", "69828861" ], "author": [ "2155871168" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dexter Whitfield 2014: Unmasking Austerity: Opposition and Alternatives in Europe and North America. Nottingham: Spokesman Books", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1968416123", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2015", "title": "democracy and state capture in moldova", "label": [ "201342494", "199539241", "17058734", "2776155077", "2776398702", "186229450", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2319483514" ], "reference": [ "596698471", "647208079", "1571441233", "1592745377", "1780795883", "2086405767", "2149303327", "2490893851", "3126096693" ], "abstract": "in power since 2009 moldova s pro democracy and pro european ruling coalition has been unable to implement effectively much needed reforms presenting the details of recent key events and using quantitative assessments this article argues that the main cause of moldova s present problems is state capture cynical elites have engaged in a fierce competition for the capture of state institutions and for the control of policymaking in order to promote their own private economic interests the ensuing delegitimation of state institutions and of the moldovan state itself is highly detrimental to the country s democracy and sovereignty", "title_raw": "Democracy and state capture in Moldova", "abstract_raw": "In power since 2009, Moldova's pro-democracy and pro-European ruling coalition has been unable to implement effectively much-needed reforms. Presenting the details of recent key events and using quantitative assessments, this article argues that the main cause of Moldova's present problems is state capture. Cynical elites have engaged in a fierce competition for the capture of state institutions and for the control of policymaking in order to promote their own private economic interests. The ensuing delegitimation of state institutions and of the Moldovan state itself is highly detrimental to the country's democracy and sovereignty." }, { "paper": "1584564211", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "how to court an isolated tribe", "label": [ "148834064", "2778139618", "2779121571" ], "author": [ "2313219040" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "to coax isolated amazonian tribes into contact in the early 20th century brazilian missionaries and government officials planted gardens and tied metal tools and pots to clotheslines then they let the tribes take the food and goods as needed eventually the tribespeople made contact and their way of life change irrevocably the attraction fronts drew isolated people into missions for conversion and transformed them into a settled workforce capable of building telegraph lines and roads in the amazon9s harsh conditions many saw the policy as enlightened but for indigenous groups the attraction fronts were often the beginning of disease and dependence as pathogens were passed along with the goods", "title_raw": "How to court an isolated tribe", "abstract_raw": "To coax isolated Amazonian tribes into contact in the early 20th century, Brazilian missionaries and government officials planted gardens and tied metal tools and pots to clotheslines. Then they let the tribes take the food and goods as needed. Eventually, the tribespeople made contact, and their way of life change irrevocably. The \"attraction fronts\" drew isolated people into missions for conversion and transformed them into a settled workforce capable of building telegraph lines and roads in the Amazon9s harsh conditions. Many saw the policy as enlightened. But for indigenous groups, the attraction fronts were often the beginning of disease and dependence, as pathogens were passed along with the goods." }, { "paper": "1576087156", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2015", "title": "weaving tangled webs offense defense and deception in cyberspace", "label": [ "2779267917", "60643870" ], "author": [ "2218168540", "2603367774" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "it is widely believed that cyberspace is offense dominant because of technical characteristics that undermine deterrence and defense this argument mistakes the ease of deception on the internet for a categorical ease of attack as intelligence agencies have long known deception is a double edged sword covert attackers must exercise restraint against complex targets in order to avoid compromises resulting in mission failure or retaliation more importantly defenders can also employ deceptive concealment and ruses to confuse or ensnare aggressors indeed deception can reinvigorate traditional strategies of deterrence and defense against cyber threats as computer security practitioners have already discovered the strategy of deception has other important implications as deterrence became foundational in the nuclear era deception should rise in prominence in a world that increasingly depends on technology to mediate interaction", "title_raw": "Weaving Tangled Webs: Offense, Defense, and Deception in Cyberspace", "abstract_raw": "It is widely believed that cyberspace is offense dominant because of technical characteristics that undermine deterrence and defense. This argument mistakes the ease of deception on the Internet for a categorical ease of attack. As intelligence agencies have long known, deception is a double-edged sword. Covert attackers must exercise restraint against complex targets in order to avoid compromises resulting in mission failure or retaliation. More importantly, defenders can also employ deceptive concealment and ruses to confuse or ensnare aggressors. Indeed, deception can reinvigorate traditional strategies of deterrence and defense against cyber threats, as computer security practitioners have already discovered. The strategy of deception has other important implications: as deterrence became foundational in the nuclear era, deception should rise in prominence in a world that increasingly depends on technology to mediate interaction." }, { "paper": "2332262234", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2015", "title": "public perceptions of the media coverage of irregular immigration comparative insights from france the united states and norway", "label": [ "70036468", "111141941", "3116431", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2101094015", "2307014073" ], "reference": [ "336815429", "626923348", "1512096531", "1895428302", "1957261961", "1964119034", "1965874216", "1968873448", "1968934388", "1976093110", "1988714596", "1999823447", "2001442493", "2005973520", "2009226342", "2026588999", "2032053961", "2039479574", "2048346640", "2058573747", "2093920276", "2094290735", "2095210438", "2137500131", "2141982381", "2149325167", "2154920890", "2157074304", "2160163239", "2163120442", "2205847991", "2232344135", "2319035829", "2607393231" ], "abstract": "irregular immigration has become a globally important topic while there have been some studies on public opinion toward irregular immigration virtually no studies have examined how audiences eval", "title_raw": "Public Perceptions of the Media Coverage of Irregular Immigration: Comparative Insights From France, the United States, and Norway", "abstract_raw": "Irregular immigration has become a globally important topic. While there have been some studies on public opinion toward irregular immigration, virtually no studies have examined how audiences eval..." }, { "paper": "2138312291", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2015", "title": "fiscal redistribution and public support for european integration", "label": [ "134698397" ], "author": [ "2165103946", "2028707824" ], "reference": [ "1606029937", "1957064834", "1973667070", "1983547529", "1989517976", "1990999805", "2006936868", "2027781606", "2027867716", "2030398623", "2045693504", "2046376969", "2049350168", "2058916445", "2062662966", "2066102873", "2080289065", "2086474886", "2098146914", "2099304543", "2099921486", "2112825415", "2117251385", "2118597252", "2123069633", "2124758339", "2126955487", "2131604975", "2133685950", "2135347062", "2143499841", "2150401864", "2150796138", "2157030053", "2157248721", "2157979842", "2164679681", "2319890278", "2330213837", "2331204059", "3122574854", "3123102337", "3123240282" ], "abstract": "this article contributes to existing debates on public opinion towards european integration by examining when and why fiscal transfers and public support are systematically related drawing on econ", "title_raw": "Fiscal redistribution and public support for European integration", "abstract_raw": "This article contributes to existing debates on public opinion towards European integration by examining when and why fiscal transfers and public support are systematically related. Drawing on econ ..." }, { "paper": "2012475853", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2015", "title": "how have the eastern european countries of the former warsaw pact developed since 1990 a bibliometric study", "label": [ "3020650785", "2776312699", "2777720223", "2778793908", "206261972" ], "author": [ "2035681454", "98572569", "1993486354" ], "reference": [ "1964920419", "1965305555", "1967929679", "1981634915", "1988175712", "1988851041", "1994108693", "1994824061", "1998014238", "2009543464", "2013522796", "2025871294", "2031823763", "2052701635", "2054719810", "2055858911", "2085811174", "2095211084", "2105806663", "2118004930", "2119959310", "2120500604", "2143353584", "2150220236", "2156460129", "2185093885", "2334156661", "2515520229", "3134853862", "3196013313" ], "abstract": "did the demise of the soviet union in 1991 influence the scientific performance of the researchers in eastern european countries did this historical event affect international collaboration by researchers from the eastern european countries with those of western countries did it also change international collaboration among researchers from the eastern european countries trying to answer these questions this study aims to shed light on international collaboration by researchers from the eastern european countries russia ukraine belarus moldova bulgaria the czech republic hungary poland romania and slovakia the number of publications and normalized citation impact values are compared for these countries based on incites thomson reuters from 1981 up to 2011 the international collaboration by researchers affiliated to institutions in eastern european countries at the time points of 1990 2000 and 2011 was studied with the help of pajek and vosviewer software based on data from the science citation index thomson reuters our results show that the breakdown of the communist regime did not lead on average to a huge improvement in the publication performance of the eastern european countries and that the increase in international co authorship relations by the researchers affiliated to institutions in these countries was smaller than expected most of the eastern european countries are still subject to changes and are still awaiting their boost in scientific development", "title_raw": "How have the Eastern European countries of the former Warsaw Pact developed since 1990? A bibliometric study", "abstract_raw": "Did the demise of the Soviet Union in 1991 influence the scientific performance of the researchers in Eastern European countries? Did this historical event affect international collaboration by researchers from the Eastern European countries with those of Western countries? Did it also change international collaboration among researchers from the Eastern European countries? Trying to answer these questions, this study aims to shed light on international collaboration by researchers from the Eastern European countries (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia). The number of publications and normalized citation impact values are compared for these countries based on InCites (Thomson Reuters), from 1981 up to 2011. The international collaboration by researchers affiliated to institutions in Eastern European countries at the time points of 1990, 2000 and 2011 was studied with the help of Pajek and VOSviewer software, based on data from the Science Citation Index (Thomson Reuters). Our results show that the breakdown of the communist regime did not lead, on average, to a huge improvement in the publication performance of the Eastern European countries and that the increase in international co-authorship relations by the researchers affiliated to institutions in these countries was smaller than expected. Most of the Eastern European countries are still subject to changes and are still awaiting their boost in scientific development." }, { "paper": "2198867755", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2015", "title": "preprints called on to support controversial talks", "label": [ "518677369" ], "author": [ "2535985288" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Preprints called on to support controversial talks", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2173251521", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "america s science legacy", "label": [ "81631423", "555826173", "2781243023", "2777596936", "94625758", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2163531625" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "figure 1 photo 2013 amnh roderick mickens in 1863 u s president abraham lincoln delivered his now famous gettysburg address on the open field of that bloody civil war battle not many speeches by political leaders get remembered beyond the moment even fewer ever get cut into stone in this case of course both are true we know the words we recite passages from it and in its entirety the speech graces a wall of the lincoln memorial in washington dc video watch the video neil s gettysburg reply the gravity of the civil war and its importance to what america would become as a nation understandably eclipse the memories of other milestones in the lincoln presidency the year before the war for example lincoln created the system of land grant colleges that would indelibly influence how americans would be educated known also as the people s colleges they were conceived with the idea that they would provide practical knowledge and science in a developing democratic republic in 2013 i was asked by the abraham lincoln presidential library foundation to write a 272 word speech inspired in any way directly or peripherally emotionally or historically by lincoln s 272 word gettysburg address which would see its 150th anniversary that november i claim no particular expertise on the american civil war on lincoln s presidency or on american history in general a point i made quite clear to the foundation but this unique opportunity forced me to think more deeply about the power of a president to shape the country s mission statement then i remembered that in 1863 lincoln also had something seminal to say about the future of science in america a topic i think about often my speech now appears alongside dozens of others solicited from selected americans such as former u s presidents social and political leaders business leaders and thinkers the collection published earlier this year is titled gettysburg replies the world responds to abraham lincoln s gettysburg address titled the seedbed 2 i offer the speech as a reminder of america s science legacy and as an appeal to advance all that this legacy can do for the nation s future the seedbed one and a half centuries ago civil war divided these united states of america yet in its wake we would anneal as one nation indivisible during the bloody year of his gettysburg address president lincoln chartered the national academy of sciences comprised of fifty distinguished american researchers whose task was then as now to advise congress and the executive branch of all ways the frontier of science may contribute to the health wealth and security of its residents as a young nation just four score and seven years old we had plucked the engineering fruits of the industrial revolution that transformed europe but americans had yet to embrace the meaning of science to society now with more than two thousand members the national academy encompasses dozens of fields undreamt of at the time of lincoln s charter quantum physics discovered in the 1920s now drives nearly one third of the world s wealth forming the basis for our computer revolution in the creation storage and retrieval of information and as we continue to warm our planet climatology may be our only hope to save us from ourselves during the centennial of its charter president kennedy addressed the academy membership noting the range and depth of scientific achievement in this room constitutes the seedbed of our nation s future in this the twenty first century innovations in science and technology form the primary engines of economic growth while most remember honest abe for war and peace and slavery and freedom the time has come to remember him for setting our nation on a course of scientifically enlightened governance without which we all may perish from this earth 1 pending yes 2 fn 1", "title_raw": "America's science legacy.", "abstract_raw": "![Figure][1] \n\nPHOTO: \u00a92013 AMNH/RODERICK MICKENS\n\nIn 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered his now famous Gettysburg Address on the open field of that bloody Civil War battle. Not many speeches by political leaders get remembered beyond the moment. Even fewer ever get cut into stone. In this case, of course, both are true. We know the words. We recite passages from it. And, in its entirety, the speech graces a wall of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC.\n\n### VIDEO\n\nWatch the video \u201cNeil's Gettysburg Reply\u201d \n\nThe gravity of the Civil War, and its importance to what America would become as a nation, understandably eclipse the memories of other milestones in the Lincoln presidency. The year before the war, for example, Lincoln created the system of land grant colleges that would indelibly influence how Americans would be educated. Known also as the people's colleges, they were conceived with the idea that they would provide practical knowledge and science in a developing democratic republic.\n\nIn 2013, I was asked by the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library Foundation to write a 272-word speech, inspired in any way\u2014directly or peripherally, emotionally or historically\u2014by Lincoln's 272-word Gettysburg Address, which would see its 150th anniversary that November. I claim no particular expertise on the American Civil War, on Lincoln's presidency, or on American history in general, a point I made quite clear to the foundation. But this unique opportunity forced me to think more deeply about the power of a president to shape the country's mission statement. Then I remembered that in 1863, Lincoln also had something seminal to say about the future of science in America, a topic I think about often.\n\nMy \u201cspeech\u201d now appears alongside dozens of others, solicited from selected Americans such as former U.S. presidents, social and political leaders, business leaders, and thinkers. The collection, published earlier this year, is titled Gettysburg Replies: The World Responds to Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address .\n\nTitled \u201cThe Seedbed,\u201d[*][2] I offer the speech as a reminder of America's science legacy; and as an appeal to advance all that this legacy can do for the nation's future.\n\n### The Seedbed\n\nOne and a half centuries ago, Civil War divided these United States of America. Yet in its wake, we would anneal as one nation, indivisible.\n\nDuring the bloody year of his Gettysburg Address, President Lincoln chartered the National Academy of Sciences\u2014comprised of fifty distinguished American researchers whose task was then, as now, to advise Congress and the Executive Branch of all ways the frontier of science may contribute to the health, wealth, and security of its residents.\n\nAs a young nation, just four score and seven years old, we had plucked the engineering fruits of the Industrial Revolution that transformed Europe, but Americans had yet to embrace the meaning of science to society.\n\nNow with more than two thousand members, the National Academy encompasses dozens of fields undreamt of at the time of Lincoln's charter. Quantum Physics, discovered in the 1920s, now drives nearly one third of the world's wealth, forming the basis for our computer revolution in the creation, storage, and retrieval of information. And as we continue to warm our planet, Climatology may be our only hope to save us from ourselves.\n\nDuring the centennial of its charter, President Kennedy addressed the Academy membership, noting, \u201cThe range and depth of scientific achievement in this room constitutes the seedbed of our nation's future.\u201d\n\nIn this, the twenty-first century, innovations in science and technology form the primary engines of economic growth. While most remember honest Abe for war and peace, and slavery and freedom, the time has come to remember him for setting our Nation on a course of scientifically enlightened governance, without which we all may perish from this Earth.\n\n [1]: pending:yes\n [2]: #fn-1" }, { "paper": "2131184075", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2015", "title": "unifying the nation article iv of the united states constitution by joseph f zimmerman", "label": [ "2776154427" ], "author": [ "2222471085" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Unifying the Nation: Article IV of the United States Constitution, by Joseph F. Zimmerman.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2201080517", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2015", "title": "alternative dispute resolution and human rights developing a rights based approach through the echr", "label": [ "199539241", "86615163", "175762713", "160151201", "131676636", "167054989", "179420905", "139997747", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2659281456" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the presumption that courts are the principal forum for dispute resolution continues to be eroded alternative forms of dispute resolution adr including agreement based adr such as mediation and conciliation and adjudicative adr such as arbitration continue to proliferate and are increasingly institutionalized leading to their characterization as appropriate or proportionate dispute resolution interestingly despite these developments the position of international human rights law ihrl on two key questions regarding adr and proportionate dispute resolution pdr is unclear these questions are first the standards of justice expected of adr pdr whether entered into voluntarily or mandatorily second the permissible circumstances in which parties to a dispute can be required to use adr pdr instead of or before accessing courts the attributes and challenges with adr pdr have been discussed extensively in socio legal studies feminist literature and the dedicated adr pdr literature this article seeks to bring this vast theory on the diversification and institutionalization of dispute resolution into ihrl through the lens of the european court of human rights this article examines the types of tests that supranational bodies currently employ and advances a framework for assessing the choice design and implementation of adr pdr in the future", "title_raw": "Alternative Dispute Resolution and Human Rights: Developing a Rights-Based Approach through the ECHR", "abstract_raw": "The presumption that courts are the principal forum for dispute resolution continues to be eroded. Alternative forms of dispute resolution (ADR), including agreement-based ADR (such as mediation and conciliation) and adjudicative ADR (such as arbitration), continue to proliferate and are increasingly institutionalized, leading to their characterization as \ufffdappropriate\ufffd or \ufffdproportionate\ufffd dispute resolution. Interestingly, despite these developments, the position of international human rights law (IHRL) on two key questions regarding ADR and proportionate dispute resolution (PDR) is unclear. These questions are, first, the standards of justice expected of ADR/PDR (whether entered into voluntarily or mandatorily). Second, the permissible circumstances in which parties to a dispute can be required to use ADR/PDR instead of, or before, accessing courts. The attributes and challenges with ADR/PDR have been discussed extensively in socio-legal studies, feminist literature and the dedicated ADR/PDR literature. This article seeks to bring this vast theory on the diversification and institutionalization of dispute resolution into\n IHRL. Through the lens of the European Court of Human Rights, this article examines the types of tests that supranational bodies currently employ and advances a framework for assessing the choice, design and implementation of ADR/PDR in the future." }, { "paper": "2146212802", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2015", "title": "overseas chinese remittance firms the limits of state sovereignty and transnational capitalism in east and southeast asia 1850s 1930s", "label": [ "182566", "2780962165", "2778495208", "2776398702", "531593650", "42745283", "186229450", "514928085" ], "author": [ "2169902640" ], "reference": [ "207860219", "574777188", "628356163", "636300791", "868728760", "1543097757", "2008151855", "2012468504", "2023802762", "2065085449", "2069951559", "2087933684", "2104439155", "2121393013", "2149366268", "2154024989", "2154144780", "2319656101", "2325296570", "2477443782", "2496642936", "3154739585" ], "abstract": "in the mid nineteenth century a group of overseas chinese businessmen created a private international remittance network linking the southeastern littoral zone of the qing empire with the colonies of mainland and archipelagic southeast asia holding together this transnational network were qiaopiju remittance firms that succeeded in controlling the remittance trade not by relying on traditional forms of economic organization or behavior but by pioneering a unique combination of capitalist profit making strategies culturalist customer services and flexible interfirm relations the organizational structure and business practices of qiaopiju allowed them to successfully adapt to and negotiate with the emerging regulatory regimes of the nation state colonial and capitalist world systems in order to dominate the international remittance industry for more than a century", "title_raw": "Overseas Chinese Remittance Firms, the Limits of State Sovereignty, and Transnational Capitalism in East and Southeast Asia, 1850s\u20131930s", "abstract_raw": "In the mid-nineteenth century, a group of overseas Chinese businessmen created a private international remittance network linking the southeastern littoral zone of the Qing empire with the colonies of mainland and archipelagic Southeast Asia. Holding together this transnational network were Qiaopiju remittance firms that succeeded in controlling the remittance trade not by relying on traditional forms of economic organization or behavior, but by pioneering a unique combination of capitalist profit-making strategies, culturalist customer services, and flexible interfirm relations. The organizational structure and business practices of Qiaopiju allowed them to successfully adapt to and negotiate with the emerging regulatory regimes of the nation-state, colonial, and capitalist world systems in order to dominate the international remittance industry for more than a century." }, { "paper": "2527906391", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2015", "title": "beyond ngo ization the development of social movements in central and eastern europebeyond ngo ization the development of social movements in central and eastern europe edited by jacobssonkerstinsaxonbergsteven burlington vt ashgate 2013 268 pp 119 95 cloth isbn 9781409442226", "label": [ "123108692" ], "author": [ "2528992151" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Beyond NGO-ization: The Development of Social Movements in Central and Eastern EuropeBeyond NGO-ization: The Development of Social Movements in Central and Eastern Europe, edited by JacobssonKerstinSaxonbergSteven. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2013. 268 pp. $119.95 cloth. ISBN: 9781409442226.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2341519780", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2015", "title": "violent rhetoric in protracted group conflicts experimental evidence from israel and india", "label": [ "90508534", "34353579", "96756911", "2777363581" ], "author": [ "1986156003", "256210714" ], "reference": [ "132507278", "1496482926", "1506532709", "1542958159", "1561253663", "1786979941", "1963554660", "1974565505", "1993796204", "1997430199", "2002738573", "2005064863", "2005474264", "2007190116", "2007965642", "2015369806", "2019128188", "2021160880", "2034669894", "2043317150", "2052417512", "2055754440", "2058176566", "2101545456", "2111235343", "2112559483", "2119298903", "2126566434", "2126864328", "2129838368", "2134827477", "2136253554", "2137699562", "2142573394", "2144157951", "2147318709", "2152037762", "2153590306", "2166511825", "2169278049", "2224939552", "2241105155", "2267405956", "2324440273", "2326559044", "2949401922", "3124789557" ], "abstract": "how do messages from political elites interact with individual traits of citizens to spur intergroup aggression building on research in social psychology we expect that in places of protracted conflict violent rhetoric from elites will be enough to mobilize antagonism toward an outgroup especially among those who are generally less apt to be hostile toward the outgroup we present results from two large survey experiments the first conducted with young jewish israeli adults across israel and the second with a nationally diverse sample of adults in india the results show that mild fighting words e g battle fight combined with a reference to the outgroup provoke significantly greater support for policies that harm the outgroup among some citizens this effect is largest among individuals low in outgroup prejudice and low in aggressive personality traits people who are usually less inclined to support policies that hurt the outgroup effects of violent rhetoric persist even with policies a", "title_raw": "Violent Rhetoric in Protracted Group Conflicts Experimental Evidence from Israel and India", "abstract_raw": "How do messages from political elites interact with individual traits of citizens to spur intergroup aggression? Building on research in social psychology, we expect that in places of protracted conflict, violent rhetoric from elites will be enough to mobilize antagonism toward an outgroup, especially among those who are generally less apt to be hostile toward the outgroup. We present results from two large survey experiments, the first conducted with young Jewish-Israeli adults across Israel and the second with a nationally diverse sample of adults in India. The results show that mild \u201cfighting\u201d words (e.g. \u201cbattle,\u201d \u201cfight\u201d), combined with a reference to the outgroup, provoke significantly greater support for policies that harm the outgroup among some citizens. This effect is largest among individuals low in outgroup prejudice and low in aggressive personality traits, people who are usually less inclined to support policies that hurt the outgroup. Effects of violent rhetoric persist even with policies a..." }, { "paper": "2247108549", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "in canada science campaigns for attention from voters", "label": [ "199539241", "2777652736", "555826173", "2780668109", "45184978", "2780328347", "2781440851" ], "author": [ "2611990749" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "science is making a rare appearance in canada s election as candidates make their last push before election day on 19 october the nation s leading opposition parties have taken aim at conservative prime minister stephen harper s science policies which have alienated large segments of the nation s scientific community science policy isn t a top concern for most voters in the election which could send new members of parliament and a new prime minister to ottawa but some research advocates hope the issue could move enough ballots to sway what appears to be a tight three way race between harper s conservatives the new democratic party ndp led by tom mulcair and the liberal party led by justin trudeau science could be the sleeper issue says kennedy stewart the ndp s spokesman on science issues and a member of parliament", "title_raw": "In Canada, science campaigns for attention from voters", "abstract_raw": "Science is making a rare appearance in Canada's election. As candidates make their last push before Election Day on 19 October, the nation's leading opposition parties have taken aim at Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper's science policies, which have alienated large segments of the nation's scientific community. Science policy isn't a top concern for most voters in the election, which could send new members of Parliament and a new prime minister to Ottawa. But some research advocates hope the issue could move enough ballots to sway what appears to be a tight three-way race between Harper's Conservatives, the New Democratic Party (NDP) led by Tom Mulcair, and the Liberal Party led by Justin Trudeau. \"Science could be the sleeper issue,\" says Kennedy Stewart, the NDP's spokesman on science issues and a member of Parliament." }, { "paper": "2322987924", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2015", "title": "jean jaures the inner life of social democracy by geoffrey kurtz university park the pennsylvania state university press 2014 199p 69 95", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2131331910" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Jean Jaur\u00e8s: The Inner Life of Social Democracy. By Geoffrey Kurtz. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2014. 199p. $69.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2186472696", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2015", "title": "fellowships are the future", "label": [ "39549134", "65414064" ], "author": [ "2617156802", "1991227498" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "postdocs need a level of autonomy to get the best out of their position say viviane callier and jessica polka", "title_raw": "Fellowships are the future", "abstract_raw": "Postdocs need a level of autonomy to get the best out of their position, say Viviane Callier and Jessica Polka." }, { "paper": "2177482434", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2015", "title": "the perils and pitfalls of ignoring disproportionality s behavioral components", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2155402452", "2320510553" ], "reference": [ "474304871", "475058976", "1507598393", "1509161467", "1964224704", "1969326595", "1969459198", "1972403301", "1973286879", "1978169322", "1985234243", "1987922173", "1990392918", "1993957007", "1995528265", "2001947080", "2003350916", "2011064905", "2014098616", "2016874175", "2017695286", "2027799378", "2029701631", "2036365749", "2037003200", "2039532923", "2040337011", "2043114942", "2045509200", "2048544399", "2049954060", "2063984238", "2067425585", "2072247794", "2073510015", "2074564904", "2095653578", "2100563072", "2108459892", "2110838063", "2119471347", "2121442889", "2123844859", "2128221199", "2140977564", "2145869153", "2147062044", "2147703902", "2150009658", "2151949046", "2157840549", "2162647322", "2168661258", "3121292395", "3188530411" ], "abstract": "scholars commonly use a measure of the discrepancy between party vote shares and seat shares observed disproportionality as a proxy for the effects of electoral institutions we illustrate the problems with doing so and instead recommend that scholars use more direct measures of institutional characteristics conceptually we demonstrate that observed disproportionality cannot accurately capture institutional effects empirically we show that 1 the variance of disproportionality is much higher when electoral rules are restrictive than when they are permissive 2 the conclusions we draw about the effects of observed disproportionality differ substantially across samples of elections and 3 replacing measures of observed disproportionality with more direct measures of electoral system characteristics such as district magnitude produces different and more reliable results", "title_raw": "The perils and pitfalls of ignoring disproportionality's behavioral components", "abstract_raw": "Scholars commonly use a measure of the discrepancy between party vote shares and seat shares (observed disproportionality) as a proxy for the effects of electoral institutions. We illustrate the problems with doing so and, instead, recommend that scholars use more direct measures of institutional characteristics. Conceptually, we demonstrate that observed disproportionality cannot accurately capture institutional effects. Empirically, we show that (1) the variance of disproportionality is much higher when electoral rules are restrictive than when they are permissive, (2) the conclusions we draw about the effects of observed disproportionality differ substantially across samples of elections, and (3) replacing measures of observed disproportionality with more direct measures of electoral system characteristics such as district magnitude produces different and more reliable results." }, { "paper": "2214893224", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2015", "title": "brian short the battle of the fields rural community and authority in britain during the second world war woodbridge boydell press 2014 pp xii 468 42 illus 49 tabs isbn 9781843839378 hbk 75", "label": [ "137355542" ], "author": [ "2307410064" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Brian Short, The battle of the fields: rural community and authority in Britain during the Second World War (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2014. Pp. xii + 468. 42 illus. 49 tabs. ISBN 9781843839378 Hbk. \u00a375)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2109015772", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2015", "title": "parties conditionality and leader effects in parliamentary elections", "label": [ "59742305", "2781205572", "96316394" ], "author": [ "2256911945" ], "reference": [ "21913495", "79879342", "589316756", "619834558", "1484321158", "1513906445", "1534635154", "1542332324", "1542646705", "1543446303", "1604910017", "1982760416", "1993453918", "2018532708", "2089763487", "2093318324", "2098575118", "2101823332", "2111672316", "2116833235", "2117727943", "2127897282", "2157421317", "2158669068", "2319053156", "2319491219", "2480473018", "2492198792", "2493442713", "2498974316", "2999123786", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "attention in the study of leader effects in parliamentary elections has shifted from the question of whether party leaders do indeed have an electoral impact to that of the conditions under which t", "title_raw": "Parties, conditionality and leader effects in parliamentary elections", "abstract_raw": "Attention in the study of leader effects in parliamentary elections has shifted from the question of whether party leaders do indeed have an electoral impact to that of the conditions under which t..." }, { "paper": "2319341731", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "u k government scientists hit with media restrictions", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "1736644647" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "U.K. government scientists hit with media restrictions", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2548013545", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "terrorism in the american psyche", "label": [ "203133693", "199539241", "513891491" ], "author": [ "2297253817", "2119385119" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Terrorism In the American Psyche", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2145510170", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2015", "title": "pro and anti americanism in sub saharan africa", "label": [ "3651065", "158886217", "2781001097" ], "author": [ "2632457539", "2010591895", "2130481527" ], "reference": [ "171378424", "274940544", "593158468", "653361279", "1484635786", "1552273563", "1591425318", "2001874043", "2007401234", "2018577918", "2028871521", "2043819158", "2065955084", "2105754758", "2106787785", "2124677304", "2135285936", "2143592917", "2146922306", "2158285977", "2172246118", "2330593204", "2761164465", "3021924681", "3024885294" ], "abstract": "do theories developed to explain widespread anti americanism in some regions generalize to countries where pro americanism is the norm anti americanism has intensified in most places yet sentiments remain relatively positive in sub saharan africa we compare survey responses from africa with those from other regions in the developing world to determine why africans are more pro american than others the evidence indicates that personal contacts with individuals in the united states support for international engagement and admiration of the american model generate goodwill in africa notably these individual level drivers of approval in africa are similar to those in other regions we conclude that africans are relatively favorable toward the united states because more africans than non africans have attitudes traits and experiences that encourage pro american sentiments most scholars of attitudes about america seek to explain disapproval rather than approval of the united states the telling label anti americanism is typically used to denote the outcome of interest within this field of study friedman 2012 the search for sources of dissatisfaction has led academics to focus on populations and regions where negative sentiments are especially acute for example disproportionate attention has been paid to muslims to countries in the middle east and europe and to a lesser extent latin america such formulations of the object of study and the resultant selection of cases may lead to incomplete explanations extant theories may be of limited use for ascertaining why many individuals approve of the u s much of the time we expand on the existing literature by investigating attitudes about the u s after first reference in a region with a substantial reserve of proamericanism as we will demonstrate survey evidence suggests that proamericanism is higher in sub saharan africa than in any other region africa is also the most neglected region within the study of attitudes about the u s this", "title_raw": "Pro- and Anti-Americanism in Sub-Saharan Africa", "abstract_raw": "Do theories developed to explain widespread anti-Americanism in some regions generalize to countries where pro-Americanism is the norm? Anti-Americanism has intensified in most places, yet sentiments remain relatively positive in sub-Saharan Africa. We compare survey responses from Africa with those from other regions in the developing world to determine why Africans are more pro-American than others. The evidence indicates that personal contacts with individuals in the United States, support for international engagement, and admiration of the American model generate goodwill in Africa. Notably, these individual-level drivers of approval in Africa are similar to those in other regions. We conclude that Africans are relatively favorable toward the United States because more Africans than non-Africans have attitudes, traits, and experiences that encourage pro-American sentiments. Most scholars of attitudes about America seek to explain disapproval, rather than approval, of the United States. The telling label \u2018anti-Americanism\u2019 is typically used to denote the outcome of interest within this field of study (Friedman, 2012). The search for sources of dissatisfaction has led academics to focus on populations and regions where negative sentiments are especially acute. For example, disproportionate attention has been paid to Muslims, to countries in the Middle East and Europe and, to a lesser extent, Latin America. Such formulations of the object of study, and the resultant selection of cases, may lead to incomplete explanations. Extant theories may be of limited use for ascertaining why many individuals approve of the U.S. much of the time. We expand on the existing literature by investigating attitudes about the U.S., after first reference in a region with a substantial reserve of proAmericanism. As we will demonstrate, survey evidence suggests that proAmericanism is higher in sub-Saharan Africa than in any other region. Africa is also the most neglected region within the study of attitudes about the U.S. This" }, { "paper": "252497457", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2015", "title": "why we need knowledge based journalism in politicized science debates", "label": [ "119513131", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2165169445", "2632031865" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Why We Need Knowledge-based Journalism in Politicized Science Debates", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2000281270", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2015", "title": "referendums and deliberative democracy", "label": [ "45983554", "501008422", "2776946740", "555826173", "2781093426", "94625758", "2781462389", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2160804962" ], "reference": [ "579248024", "583523405", "595279358", "616522902", "619418470", "1607460689", "1968533978", "1973121443", "1982640169", "2020316456", "2032784526", "2038455120", "2049705261", "2053912719", "2054717266", "2058796927", "2076406760", "2095691819", "2095856617", "2100602508", "2124559387", "2141276742", "2150756125", "2256533596", "2462266569", "2505634492", "3123226604", "3128768206" ], "abstract": "the theoretical concepts of deliberative democracy and the institutions and processes associated with direct democracy often pull in different directions despite their surface similarity a deliberative model emphasizes the importance of voice whereas referendums prioritize votes a deliberative model would involve citizens at every stage of the political process whereas a referendum typically brings them in only at the very end a deliberative democratic process is less interested in resolving an issue than in discussing it while a referendum often takes place solely for the purpose of settling a particular question however without institutions deliberative democracy remains an elusive and idealistic concept here i examine four specific areas in which the conduct of referendums often tends to inhibit deliberation and consider ways in which the quality of deliberation within existing rules and practices might be improved these are the intrusion of politics the absence of clarity the amount and quality of information and the degree of participation and engagement of citizens in the process together the cases considered here suggest some ways in which the familiar institutions of initiative and referendum could be retooled to approximate a more deliberative form of direct democracy", "title_raw": "Referendums and deliberative democracy", "abstract_raw": "The theoretical concepts of deliberative democracy and the institutions and processes associated with direct democracy often pull in different directions, despite their surface similarity. A deliberative model emphasizes the importance of voice whereas referendums prioritize votes. A deliberative model would involve citizens at every stage of the political process, whereas a referendum typically brings them in only at the very end. A deliberative democratic process is less interested in resolving an issue than in discussing it, while a referendum often takes place solely for the purpose of settling a particular question. However without institutions, deliberative democracy remains an elusive and idealistic concept. Here, I examine four specific areas in which the conduct of referendums often tends to inhibit deliberation, and consider ways in which the quality of deliberation within existing rules and practices might be improved. These are: the intrusion of politics, the absence of clarity, the amount and quality of information, and the degree of participation and engagement of citizens in the process. Together, the cases considered here suggest some ways in which the familiar institutions of initiative and referendum could be retooled to approximate a more deliberative form of direct democracy." }, { "paper": "2037010165", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2015", "title": "epilogue what 2012 nomination contests tell us about the future of the republican party", "label": [ "106259374", "33343238", "96316394", "199539241", "2775925287", "45184978", "192326618", "2776376731", "522562087" ], "author": [ "2163582115" ], "reference": [ "380664857", "2002752074", "2147174716", "2328584264", "2343152475" ], "abstract": "abstract analysis of tea party activists within the republican party illustrates the good news bad news aspects of intra party factionalism the good news is that nomination contests between tea party and establishment republicans divisive as they appear do not necessarily undermine support for the party s nominees in the general election support for tea party candidates among its activists in the 2012 presidential nomination fight produced increased support for romney ryan in the general election at the same time however activism for tea party candidates contributed to increased negativity towards the republican party among tea party activists suggesting that the factionalism within the party is unlikely to be soon resolved finally we find that negativity towards the republican establishment is playing an even greater role than negativity towards president obama in producing continuing or increased tea party movement activity this suggests that the movement has the potential to survive beyond obama s presidency", "title_raw": "Epilogue: What 2012 nomination contests tell us about the future of the Republican Party", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Analysis of Tea Party activists within the Republican Party illustrates the \u201cgood-news, bad-news\u201d aspects of intra-party factionalism. The good news is that nomination contests between Tea Party and establishment Republicans, divisive as they appear, do not necessarily undermine support for the party's nominees in the general election. Support for Tea Party candidates among its activists in the 2012 presidential nomination fight produced increased support for Romney\u2013Ryan in the general election. At the same time, however, activism for Tea Party candidates contributed to increased negativity towards the Republican Party among Tea Party activists, suggesting that the factionalism within the party is unlikely to be soon resolved. Finally we find that negativity towards the Republican establishment is playing an even greater role than negativity towards President Obama in producing continuing or increased Tea Party movement activity. This suggests that the movement has the potential to survive beyond Obama's presidency." }, { "paper": "2028561005", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2015", "title": "migrants regional allegiances in homeland elections evidence on voting by poles and ukrainians", "label": [ "2776614217", "199539241", "520049643", "2778880830", "94625758", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "1999194586", "2015786658" ], "reference": [ "619489561", "641279742", "998829118", "1516381526", "1518894703", "1581498763", "1967032949", "1968224500", "1969951741", "1981213776", "1986511182", "1988832144", "1989516318", "2001319359", "2003866609", "2021901065", "2022191794", "2022464117", "2025013868", "2030121826", "2041915811", "2052621550", "2053802780", "2053851425", "2072521631", "2078456338", "2079090547", "2110279383", "2120395387", "2123735144", "2126299176", "2126508092", "2128074128", "2148916771", "2149498366", "2157038993", "2161000329", "2168367416", "2169636400", "2312703138", "2470769550", "2796974012", "3023254902", "3126349953", "3148790517" ], "abstract": "we examine the salience among migrants of a pervasive type of political identity neglected in the interdisciplinary scholarship on transnationalism and migrant political behaviour homeland regional identities using migrants regional background in their homelands as a proxy for their regional political identities we estimate its effect on migrants vote choice in homeland elections using original survey data on polish and ukrainian migrants contrary to some studies expectations in both cases the migrant electorates exhibit the same salient regional divisions found in domestic voting and the individual vote choice is strongly predicted by migrant voters regional background while being carriers of new political views that can make them agents of change in their countries of origin in some ways transnationally active migrants can also help reproduce salient and sometimes divisive homeland political identities the results also shed light on the role of other identities and factors in migrant vote choice", "title_raw": "Migrants' regional allegiances in homeland elections: evidence on voting by Poles and Ukrainians", "abstract_raw": "We examine the salience among migrants of a pervasive type of political identity neglected in the interdisciplinary scholarship on transnationalism and migrant political behaviour\u2014homeland regional identities. Using migrants' regional background in their homelands as a proxy for their regional political identities, we estimate its effect on migrants' vote choice in homeland elections using original survey data on Polish and Ukrainian migrants. Contrary to some studies' expectations, in both cases the migrant electorates exhibit the same salient regional divisions found in domestic voting and the individual vote choice is strongly predicted by migrant voters' regional background. While being carriers of new political views that can make them agents of change in their countries of origin in some ways, transnationally active migrants can also help reproduce salient\u2014and sometimes divisive\u2014homeland political identities. The results also shed light on the role of other identities and factors in migrant vote choice." }, { "paper": "1986299773", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "judging synthetic biology risks", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "1984847219", "2026558465", "2114344403" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "last month the european commission ec scientific committees issued a draft opinion on whether existing risk assessment methods are adequate for synthetic biology this opinion which was written by a working group of 20 experts from europe and the united states could have a substantial impact on shaping european and global synthetic biology policy for years to come it is open for public comment through 3 february 2015", "title_raw": "Judging synthetic biology risks.", "abstract_raw": "Last month, the European Commission (EC) Scientific Committees issued a draft opinion on whether existing risk assessment methods are adequate for synthetic biology. This opinion, which was written by a Working Group of 20 experts from Europe and the United States,* could have a substantial impact on shaping European and global synthetic biology policy for years to come. It is open for public comment through 3 February 2015.\u2020" }, { "paper": "1868549674", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2015", "title": "toward an effective government public relationship organization public relationship based on a synthetic approach to public segmentation", "label": [ "2778719706", "39549134", "2776398702", "148834064", "9114305", "2776663400" ], "author": [ "2963695506" ], "reference": [ "152515602", "1537055557", "2009604946", "2018233480", "2019889574", "2043589061", "2057131712", "2057683109", "2064453257", "2082940949", "2090993846", "2092347795", "2121005710", "2153788509", "2159756898", "2166012410", "2538475133", "2593519009" ], "abstract": "abstract the goal of this study is to identify and understand an effective government public relationship building based on a synthetic approach to public segmentation using a national survey dataset this study examines how different types of publics have trust differently in federal state and local government by exploring how situational and cross situational variables predict trust in government the study finds that there are different predictors for trust in each level of government further the results provide important insight into how public relations practitioners and researchers can build and maintain an effective government public relationship with the key publics thus the current study aims to fundamentally make contribution to theoretical and practical development in relationship building research", "title_raw": "Toward an effective government\u2013public relationship: Organization\u2013public relationship based on a synthetic approach to public segmentation", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The goal of this study is to identify and understand an effective government\u2013public relationship building based on a synthetic approach to public segmentation. Using a national survey dataset, this study examines how different types of publics have trust differently in federal, state, and local government. By exploring how situational and cross-situational variables predict trust in government, the study finds that there are different predictors for trust in each level of government. Further, the results provide important insight into how public relations practitioners and researchers can build and maintain an effective government\u2013public relationship with the key publics. Thus, the current study aims to fundamentally make contribution to theoretical and practical development in relationship-building research." }, { "paper": "2010917530", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2015", "title": "the future of the postdoc", "label": [ "2778139618", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2130749490" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The future of the postdoc", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2597996630", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "dutch appeals court dodges decision on hotly debated h5n1 papers", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "1621321188" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dutch appeals court dodges decision on hotly debated H5N1 papers", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2129516811", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2015", "title": "an alternative mode of international order the international administrative union in the nineteenth century", "label": [ "165341840", "2776661704", "199539241", "58583792", "2779010840", "2776310101", "122972321", "94625758", "186229450" ], "author": [ "1874449430" ], "reference": [ "108113260", "374933490", "423917881", "561980847", "581690645", "585979065", "600557671", "608691808", "617382929", "618596534", "619789071", "628261071", "640829029", "643127747", "643513657", "1491786832", "1493125009", "1496382005", "1498084370", "1518464779", "1522729879", "1527389233", "1538458279", "1551813541", "1564685408", "1627969808", "1957293689", "1964121438", "2011987342", "2012598536", "2047242547", "2082993007", "2089447619", "2094685922", "2114663991", "2171205705", "2227655110", "2319461736", "2332061510", "2334366326", "2483509791", "2492949919", "2493087744", "2495430881", "2502905881", "2506063598", "2728549659", "2752381051", "2954907923", "3124648526", "3142385442", "3160449724" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "An alternative mode of international order: The international administrative union in the nineteenth century", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2205765073", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2015", "title": "the need for a global health ethic", "label": [ "46578552" ], "author": [ "2060641035", "1847906887" ], "reference": [ "2049998817", "2170928036", "2175751433", "2235172871", "2280097195" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The need for a global health ethic.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2135284358", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2015", "title": "keeping the bombs in the basement u s nonproliferation policy toward israel south africa and pakistan", "label": [ "194110935", "201960208", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2624254471", "2099222893" ], "reference": [ "65648704", "222876148", "227154517", "276484999", "561188078", "568140039", "571159470", "574106782", "589154211", "589982856", "591705166", "592328496", "599995247", "617739734", "629024177", "645227053", "658647212", "1505807657", "1512361090", "1528711039", "1534647504", "1557669220", "1965105937", "1966659931", "1972265109", "1982036596", "1983544157", "2014590671", "2033655644", "2040873834", "2048560427", "2051969964", "2053216872", "2060191137", "2062315897", "2064647034", "2075225899", "2076611228", "2079677167", "2092039578", "2093215810", "2098467197", "2129510277", "2136936336", "2148281238", "2170840751", "2331248186", "2799198685", "2799792487", "3124051341" ], "abstract": "how has the united states behaved historically toward friendly states with nuclear weapons ambitions recent scholarship has demonstrated the great lengths to which the united states went to prevent taiwan south korea and west germany from acquiring nuclear weapons yet seemingly on the other side of the ledger are cases such as israel south africa and pakistan where the united states failed to prevent proliferation and where many have argued that the united states made exceptions to its nonproliferation objectives given conflicting geopolitical goals a reexamination of the history of u s nonproliferation policy toward israel south africa and pakistan based on declassified documents and interviews finds that these cases are not as exceptional as is commonly understood in each case the united states sought to prevent these states from acquiring nuclear weapons despite geopolitical constraints moreover once u s policymakers realized that prior efforts had failed they continued to pursue n", "title_raw": "Keeping the Bombs in the Basement: U.S. Nonproliferation Policy toward Israel, South Africa, and Pakistan", "abstract_raw": "How has the United States behaved historically toward friendly states with nuclear weapons ambitions? Recent scholarship has demonstrated the great lengths to which the United States went to prevent Taiwan, South Korea, and West Germany from acquiring nuclear weapons. Yet seemingly on the other side of the ledger are cases such as Israel, South Africa, and Pakistan, where the United States failed to prevent proliferation, and where many have argued that the United States made exceptions to its nonproliferation objectives given conflicting geopolitical goals. A reexamination of the history of U.S. nonproliferation policy toward Israel, South Africa, and Pakistan, based on declassified documents and interviews, finds that these cases are not as exceptional as is commonly understood. In each case, the United States sought to prevent these states from acquiring nuclear weapons, despite geopolitical constraints. Moreover, once U.S. policymakers realized that prior efforts had failed, they continued to pursue n..." }, { "paper": "2602771774", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "lawmakers seek to resurrect national children s study", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Lawmakers seek to resurrect National Children\u2019s Study", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2014359342", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2015", "title": "public policy investment priority setting and conditional representation in british statecraft", "label": [ "2776359362", "109986646" ], "author": [ "2140018796" ], "reference": [ "610057229", "2139680069", "2140186016" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Public Policy Investment: Priority-Setting and Conditional Representation in British Statecraft", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2124827373", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2015", "title": "punitive politics in the united states the end of an era", "label": [ "83645499", "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2126237136" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Punitive Politics in the United States: The End of an Era?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1530935680", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2015", "title": "the german rescue of the eurozone how germany is getting the europe it always wanted", "label": [ "158071213", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2181828905" ], "reference": [ "2155442815" ], "abstract": "the eurozone crisis has constituted the most serious economic political and ideological challenge to the project of european integration since the founding of the european economic community in 1957 the european union eu and the common currency have certainly been through swoons before but the possibility of a member state giving up the euro as a result of either international economic pressure a political backlash against the eu or a combination of the two never looked as high as it did during several junctures between 2010 and 2012 that political forces in states with both good and bad credit ratings were threatening to exit the eurozone was bad enough that seemingly fundamental questions about the immediate future had no ready answers unsettled markets even further couldamemberstateleavetheeurozoneandstayamemberofthe", "title_raw": "The German Rescue of the Eurozone: How Germany Is Getting the Europe It Always Wanted", "abstract_raw": "THE EUROZONE CRISIS HAS CONSTITUTED THE MOST SERIOUS economic, political, and ideological challenge to the project of European integration since the founding of the European Economic Community in 1957. The European Union (EU) and the common currency have certainly been through swoons before, but the possibility of a member state giving up the euro as a result of either international economic pressure, a political backlash against the EU, or a combination of the two never looked as high as it did during several junctures between 2010 and 2012. That political forces in states with both good and bad credit ratings were threatening to exit the Eurozone was bad enough; that seemingly fundamental questions about the immediate future had no ready answers unsettled markets even further.CouldamemberstateleavetheEurozoneandstayamemberofthe" }, { "paper": "2605923120", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2015", "title": "transitional and retrospective justice in the baltic states by eva clarita pettai and vello pettai new york cambridge university press 2015 390p 120 00", "label": [ "139621336" ], "author": [ "312400834" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Transitional and Retrospective Justice in the Baltic States. By Eva-Clarita Pettai and Vello Pettai. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 390p. $120.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1970693027", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2015", "title": "we deport them but they keep coming back the normalcy of deportation in the daily life of undocumented zimbabwean migrant workers in botswana", "label": [ "2779306362", "70036468", "60961049" ], "author": [ "2637564065" ], "reference": [ "190973324", "199949142", "1526754686", "1653173710", "1973842017", "1978108669", "1979623874", "2004330943", "2010361191", "2025311054", "2030628744", "2032288960", "2042481829", "2042759366", "2054421191", "2058223375", "2069289896", "2076193852", "2082240733", "2090887326", "2100976344", "2107052246", "2121865287", "2154728104", "2163714277", "2164348864", "2761089614" ], "abstract": "based on ethnographic fieldwork among undocumented zimbabwean migrants in botswana this paper examines the complex strategies undocumented migrants employ to deal with the threat and occurrence of deportation in particular the paper considers the manner in which strategies used to cope with forced repatriation are discernible at different levels namely in the way official immigration categories and associated terminologies are contested through definitions of self in the experience of daily life as a constant need to respond to the threat of deportation and in the process of return to botswana though the event itself is stressful and disruptive it is not conceptualised as a barrier to migration as a livelihood strategy the paper shows how undocumented zimbabwean migrant workers do not experience deportation as a single event but as a constant threat to their transnational livelihoods and an unwelcome interruption to daily life it reveals that strategies to cope with deportability and depor", "title_raw": "\u2018We Deport Them but They Keep Coming Back\u2019: The Normalcy of Deportation in the Daily Life of \u2018Undocumented\u2019 Zimbabwean Migrant Workers in Botswana", "abstract_raw": "Based on ethnographic fieldwork among \u2018undocumented\u2019 Zimbabwean migrants in Botswana, this paper examines the complex strategies \u2018undocumented\u2019 migrants employ to deal with the threat and occurrence of deportation. In particular, the paper considers the manner in which strategies used to cope with forced repatriation are discernible at different levels, namely in the way official immigration categories and associated terminologies are contested through definitions of self; in the experience of daily life as a constant need to respond to the threat of deportation; and in the process of return to Botswana. Though the event itself is stressful and disruptive, it is not conceptualised as a barrier to migration as a livelihood strategy. The paper shows how \u2018undocumented\u2019 Zimbabwean migrant workers do not experience deportation as a single event but as a constant threat to their transnational livelihoods and an unwelcome interruption to daily life. It reveals that strategies to cope with deportability and depor..." }, { "paper": "2275806871", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "obama and latin america", "label": [ "47152248", "94625758", "158886217", "3116431", "71750763", "44394981", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2599402997" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the article discusses u s foreign relations with latin america during the administration of u s president barack obama it examines obama s goals of engagement and equal partnership with latin american countries discusses obama s intention to normalize u s relations with cuba and the significance of chinese trade with latin america on latin american u s relations the article discusses political events in venezuela brazil drug violence in mexico and u s trade agreements with latin american countries the author argues that the u s had an opportunity to establish mutually beneficial partnerships with latin america during the remaining years of the obama administration and beyond", "title_raw": "Obama and Latin America", "abstract_raw": "The article discusses U.S. foreign relations with Latin America during the administration of U.S. president Barack Obama. It examines Obama's goals of engagement and equal partnership with Latin American countries, discusses Obama's intention to normalize U.S. relations with Cuba, and the significance of Chinese trade with Latin America on Latin American-U.S. relations. The article discusses political events in Venezuela, Brazil, drug violence in Mexico, and U.S. trade agreements with Latin American countries. The author argues that the U.S. had an opportunity to establish mutually beneficial partnerships with Latin America during the remaining years of the Obama administration and beyond" }, { "paper": "2606290244", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2015", "title": "the crisis of the european union a response jurgen habermas trans ciaran cronin cambridge polity press 2012 pp xii 140", "label": [ "2779707719" ], "author": [ "651401720" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Crisis of the European Union. A Response J\u00fcrgen Habermas , trans. Ciaran Cronin Cambridge: Polity Press, 2012, pp. xii, 140.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1912128644", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2015", "title": "public service motivation research achievements challenges and future directions", "label": [ "2776967331", "94625758", "2776661979", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2136106740", "2055985076" ], "reference": [ "1485875111", "1507563489", "1727749571", "1899505752", "1983800902", "1987052275", "1994681053", "1995321219", "1999592891", "2013103980", "2016364781", "2017462038", "2023719115", "2030537285", "2031061004", "2032252941", "2032841588", "2036002922", "2036049543", "2044752610", "2064727022", "2065901891", "2074709122", "2075153072", "2075224306", "2075458536", "2084444482", "2111222789", "2111310463", "2111667205", "2115805630", "2117872214", "2130381870", "2132773425", "2133165010", "2136730800", "2139932690", "2141170635", "2142875328", "2142974332", "2144555859", "2147469178", "2149106553", "2149867159", "2158952729", "2162023687", "2167050280", "2169495330", "2169887110", "2170144013", "2171343644", "2317257425", "2331311852", "2385074704", "3121251326", "3123267395", "3123990194", "3125909167" ], "abstract": "this article takes stock of public service motivation research to identify achievements challenges and an agenda for research to build on progress made since 1990 after enumerating achievements and challenges the authors take stock of progress on extant proposals to strengthen research in addition several new proposals are offered among them conducting more research on the disaggregated construct developing grounded theory of public service motivation to understand contextual variations across cultures and political institutions and improving current measures to better capture loyalty to governance regime as an institutional dimension of the public service motivation construct", "title_raw": "Public Service Motivation Research : Achievements, Challenges, and Future Directions", "abstract_raw": "This article takes stock of public service motivation research to identify achievements, challenges, and an agenda for research to build on progress made since 1990. After enumerating achievements and challenges, the authors take stock of progress on extant proposals to strengthen research. In addition, several new proposals are offered, among them conducting more research on the disaggregated construct, developing grounded theory of public service motivation to understand contextual variations across cultures and political institutions, and improving current measures to better capture loyalty to governance regime as an institutional dimension of the public service motivation construct." }, { "paper": "2325709343", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2015", "title": "power and risk in foreign policy understanding china s crisis behavior", "label": [ "94625758", "93377909", "191935318", "557252395", "2776398702", "188888794", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "3177030686" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "along with china s rise in military and economic capabilities foreign policy crises involving china seem more likely as seen in the diplomatic standoffs in the south china sea and over the diaoyu senkaku islands with the united states rebalancing toward asia diplomatic and military crises between china and its neighbors will inevitably involve u s interests in the asia pacific 1 therefore it is imperative for policymakers in the united states and other nations to understand china s dynamic behavior in foreign policy crises that is when china will take risks to escalate a crisis and when china will avoid risks to seek accommodation during a crisis borrowing insights from prospect theory a nobel prize winning behavioral psychology theory i introduce a political survival prospect model to shed some light on china s dynamic behavior during crises i suggest that chinese foreign policy crisis behavior is shaped by chinese decision makers prospects regarding their political survival status 1 when chinese leaders are framed in a domain of losses or their political survival is at stake then a risk acceptant behavior in the form of coercive diplomacy is more likely to be adopted 2 when chinese leaders are framed in a domain of gains then a risk averse behavior in the form of an accommodative policy is more likely to be chosen this article begins with a review of the state of the art in the study of china s crisis behavior and introduces the political survival prospect model as an alternative approach to understand the variations in china s crisis behavior then two foreign policy crises that china experienced during hu jintao s leadership will be examined the 2009 impeccable incident between china and the united states and the 2010 boat collision crisis between china and japan in conclusion i suggest that the chinese leadership under xi jinping might be risk acceptant in future crises if xi is cornered into a vulnerable situation therefore the united states and other nations should be careful in how they are shaping the domains of action for chinese leaders during crises", "title_raw": "Power and Risk in Foreign Policy: Understanding China's Crisis Behavior", "abstract_raw": "ALONG WITH CHINA'S RISE IN MILITARY and economic capabilities, foreign policy crises involving China seem more likely, as seen in the diplomatic standoffs in the South China Sea and over the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands. With the United States \u201crebalancing toward Asia,\u201d diplomatic and military crises between China and its neighbors will inevitably involve U.S. interests in the Asia-Pacific.1 Therefore, it is imperative for policymakers in the United States and other nations to understand China's dynamic behavior in foreign policy crises\u2014that is, when China will take risks to escalate a crisis and when China will avoid risks to seek accommodation during a crisis.\r\n\r\nBorrowing insights from prospect theory\u2014a Nobel Prize\u2013winning behavioral psychology theory\u2014I introduce a \u201cpolitical survival prospect\u201d model to shed some light on China's dynamic behavior during crises. I suggest that Chinese foreign policy crisis behavior is shaped by Chinese decision makers' prospects regarding their political survival status: (1) when Chinese leaders are framed in a domain of losses or their political survival is at stake, then a risk-acceptant behavior in the form of coercive diplomacy is more likely to be adopted; (2) when Chinese leaders are framed in a domain of gains, then a risk-averse behavior in the form of an accommodative policy is more likely to be chosen.\r\n\r\nThis article begins with a review of the \u201cstate of the art\u201d in the study of China's crisis behavior and introduces the political survival prospect model as an alternative approach to understand the variations in China's crisis behavior. Then, two foreign policy crises that China experienced during Hu Jintao's leadership will be examined: the 2009 Impeccable incident between China and the United States and the 2010 \u201cboat collision\u201d crisis between China and Japan. In conclusion, I suggest that the Chinese leadership under Xi Jinping might be risk acceptant in future crises if Xi is cornered into a vulnerable situation. Therefore, the United States and other nations should be careful in how they are shaping the domains of action for Chinese leaders during crises." }, { "paper": "2042718953", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "house science chief unveils contentious vision for science", "label": [ "2780849931", "2780966255", "199539241", "44877443" ], "author": [ "893310886", "1961765553" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "representative lamar smith r tx has never hidden his desire to reshape federal research policy often over the objections of much of the scientific community since he became chair of the house of representatives science committee 2 years ago smith doesn9t have the authority to impose that vision on congress but his committee9s oversight of several key scientific agencies makes it an important player in any debate on the topic last week he introduced legislation h r 1806 called the america competes reauthorization act of 2015 that lays out those plans in unprecedented detail for three agencies the national science foundation the department of energy9s research activities and the national institute of standards and technology along with federal science education policy the reaction was predictable although academic leaders say that some parts of the new 189 page bill are better than previous versions most believe it would still seriously damage the u s research enterprise", "title_raw": "House science chief unveils contentious vision for science", "abstract_raw": "Representative Lamar Smith (R\u2013TX) has never hidden his desire to reshape federal research policy\u2014often over the objections of much of the scientific community\u2014since he became chair of the House of Representatives science committee 2 years ago. Smith doesn9t have the authority to impose that vision on Congress, but his committee9s oversight of several key scientific agencies makes it an important player in any debate on the topic. Last week he introduced legislation\u2014H.R. 1806, called the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2015\u2014that lays out those plans in unprecedented detail for three agencies\u2014the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy9s research activities, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, along with federal science education policy. The reaction was predictable: Although academic leaders say that some parts of the new, 189-page bill are better than previous versions, most believe it would still seriously damage the U.S. research enterprise." }, { "paper": "2553283147", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "essays for the presidency", "label": [ "199539241", "2781243023" ], "author": [ "2161713357" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Essays for the Presidency", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2229264801", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2015", "title": "yanni kotsonis states of obligation taxes and citizenship in the russian empire and early soviet republic", "label": [ "2778447849", "2778495208", "199539241", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2902526360" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Yanni Kotsonis. States of Obligation: Taxes and Citizenship in the Russian Empire and Early Soviet Republic.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1935820925", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2015", "title": "contested space design principles and regulatory regimes in mixed income communities in chicago", "label": [ "506295513", "95389739", "3116431", "533584247", "171773132", "134659438" ], "author": [ "370206977", "2111252260" ], "reference": [ "153388477", "272011779", "579200934", "1482927345", "1500563071", "1513900241", "1531080730", "1593236359", "2022768097", "2030828935", "2033394450", "2069859898", "2070966621", "2072711907", "2075400387", "2091790975", "2098093156", "2103544827", "2106836612", "2111293359", "2153492338", "2157325805", "2345763162", "2487315325" ], "abstract": "at the center of chicago s large scale public housing transformation is a stated emphasis on economic integration based on interviews field observations and documentary research in three new mixed income communities that were built on the footprint of former public housing developments in chicago this article examines how design choices and regulatory regimes militate against the effective integration of public housing residents in these contexts we find that the strategies used to maintain social order contribute to redirecting the integrationist aims of the development policy toward a kind of incorporated exclusion in which physical integration reproduces marginalization and leads more to withdrawal and alienation than to the engagement and inclusion of relocated public housing residents and other low income residents", "title_raw": "Contested Space Design Principles and Regulatory Regimes in Mixed-Income Communities in Chicago", "abstract_raw": "At the center of Chicago\u2019s large-scale public housing transformation is a stated emphasis on economic integration. Based on interviews, field observations, and documentary research in three new, mixed-income communities that were built on the footprint of former public housing developments in Chicago, this article examines how design choices and regulatory regimes militate against the effective integration of public housing residents in these contexts. We find that the strategies used to maintain social order contribute to redirecting the integrationist aims of the development policy toward a kind of incorporated exclusion, in which physical integration reproduces marginalization and leads more to withdrawal and alienation than to the engagement and inclusion of relocated public housing residents and other low-income residents." }, { "paper": "2003145808", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "bridging the opinion gap", "label": [ "94625758", "2777532764", "39549134", "2780328347", "205112559" ], "author": [ "429754291" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "figure 1 credit david sharpe inc there is a wide opinion gap between scientists and the general public in the united states when it comes to their attitudes about the state of science and science related policy according to survey results released this week by the pew research center in collaboration with the american association for the advancement of science aaas 2 when asked whether u s scientific achievements are either the best or among the world s best only 54 of the public said yes compared to 92 of the scientists such disparity is alarming because it ultimately affects both science policy and scientific progress how can we bridge this gap forget the staged town hall meetings studies show that they are not very effective what does work is respectful bidirectional communication where scientists truly listen as well as speak to the public figure 1 speaking up for the importance of science to society is our only hope credit enisaksoy istockphoto com 3 what accounts for this large opinion gap hot topics such as the safety of eating genetically modified gm foods the importance of using animals in scientific research the reality of human caused climate change the safety of vaccinations and human evolution are among the issues that cause substantial disquiet among the public most scientists 88 said that eating gm foods is generally safe for example whereas a mere 37 of the public agreed similarly the 2014 survey reports that the public s stance on climate change has become increasingly contentious as a greater percentage of the public 25 in 2014 versus 11 in 2009 believes that there is no solid evidence that earth is getting warmer a result that is inconsistent with the broad scientific consensus these findings should come as no real surprise given increasing public attention to relatively rare events that even though infrequent undermine the public s trust of science such as conflicts of interest the failure to replicate certain results or silly sounding grant titles that imply wasteful spending among scientists life is seen as being much more difficult than it appeared to be 5 years ago when pew research conducted a similar survey only 52 of scientists say this is a good time for science down from 76 in 2009 this discouragement is not surprising either given the long standing threats to research and development funding and the resultant very low success rates for grant proposals but complaining about these difficulties does nothing to improve respect or support for science among policy makers or the public speaking up for the importance of science to society is our only hope and scientists must not shy away from engaging with the public even on the most polarizing science based topics scientists need to speak clearly with journalists who provide a great vehicle for translating the nature and implications of their work scientists should also meet with members of the public and discuss what makes each side uncomfortable in these situations scientists must respond forthrightly to public concerns in other words there needs to be a conversation not a lecture the public s perceptions of scientists expertise and trustworthiness are very important but they are not enough acceptance of scientific facts is not based solely on comprehension levels it can be compromised whenever information confronts people s personal religious or political views and whenever scientific facts provoke fear or make people feel that they have no control over a situation the only recourse is to have genuine respectful dialogues with people good venues are community clubs science museums science fairs and religious institutions working with small groups is more effective than working with large groups fortunately there is a growing science base to help guide more effective public engagement of this kind 4 the opinion gap must not be allowed to swell into an unbridgeable chasm there is ample opportunity to do something about the situation now hopefully a survey 5 years from now will bear better news 1 pending yes 2 fn 1 3 http istockphoto com 4 fn 2", "title_raw": "Bridging the opinion gap.", "abstract_raw": "![Figure][1] \n\nCREDIT: DAVID SHARPE, INC.\n\nThere is a wide opinion gap between scientists and the general public in the United States when it comes to their attitudes about the state of science and science-related policy. According to survey results released this week by the Pew Research Center, in collaboration with the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS),[*][2] when asked whether U.S. scientific achievements are either the best or among the world's best, only 54% of the public said \u201cyes,\u201d compared to 92% of the scientists. Such disparity is alarming because it ultimately affects both science policy and scientific progress. How can we bridge this gap? Forget the staged \u201ctown hall\u201d meetings\u2014studies show that they are not very effective. What does work is respectful bidirectional communication, where scientists truly listen, as well as speak, to the public.\n\n![Figure][1] \n\n\u201cSpeaking up for the importance of science to society is our only hope\u2026\u201d\n\nCREDIT: ENISAKSOY/[ISTOCKPHOTO.COM][3]\n\nWhat accounts for this large opinion gap? Hot topics such as the safety of eating genetically modified (GM) foods, the importance of using animals in scientific research, the reality of human-caused climate change, the safety of vaccinations, and human evolution are among the issues that cause substantial disquiet among the public. Most scientists (88%) said that eating GM foods is generally safe, for example, whereas a mere 37% of the public agreed. Similarly, the 2014 survey reports that the public's stance on climate change has become \u201cincreasingly contentious,\u201d as a greater percentage of the public (25% in 2014 versus 11% in 2009) believes that there is no solid evidence that Earth is getting warmer\u2014a result that is inconsistent with the broad scientific consensus.\n\nThese findings should come as no real surprise, given increasing public attention to relatively rare events that, even though infrequent, undermine the public's trust of science, such as conflicts of interest, the failure to replicate certain results, or \u201csilly-sounding\u201d grant titles that imply wasteful spending. Among scientists, life is seen as being much more difficult than it appeared to be 5 years ago, when Pew Research conducted a similar survey. Only 52% of scientists say this is \u201ca good time for science,\u201d down from 76% in 2009. This discouragement is not surprising either, given the long-standing threats to research and development funding and the resultant very low success rates for grant proposals. But complaining about these difficulties does nothing to improve respect or support for science among policy-makers or the public.\n\nSpeaking up for the importance of science to society is our only hope, and scientists must not shy away from engaging with the public, even on the most polarizing science-based topics. Scientists need to speak clearly with journalists, who provide a great vehicle for translating the nature and implications of their work. Scientists should also meet with members of the public and discuss what makes each side uncomfortable. In these situations, scientists must respond forthrightly to public concerns. In other words, there needs to be a conversation, not a lecture.\n\nThe public's perceptions of scientists' expertise and trustworthiness are very important, but they are not enough. Acceptance of scientific facts is not based solely on comprehension levels. It can be compromised whenever information confronts people's personal, religious, or political views, and whenever scientific facts provoke fear or make people feel that they have no control over a situation. The only recourse is to have genuine, respectful dialogues with people. Good venues are community clubs, science museums, science fairs, and religious institutions. Working with small groups is more effective than working with large groups. Fortunately, there is a growing science base to help guide more effective public engagement of this kind.[\u2020][4]\n\nThe opinion gap must not be allowed to swell into an unbridgeable chasm. There is ample opportunity to do something about the situation now. Hopefully, a survey 5 years from now will bear better news.\n\n [1]: pending:yes\n [2]: #fn-1\n [3]: http://ISTOCKPHOTO.COM\n [4]: #fn-2" }, { "paper": "2568415347", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2015", "title": "immigrant women workers in the neoliberal age", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "2648075086" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Immigrant Women Workers in the Neoliberal Age", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2940294517", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2015", "title": "exploitation and economic justice in the liberal capitalist state by mark r reiff oxford oxford university press 2013 372p 100", "label": [ "2777816935" ], "author": [ "1794606730" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Exploitation and Economic Justice in the Liberal Capitalist State. By Mark R. Reiff. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2013. 372p. $100.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2993513761", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "autopsy of a cambodian election", "label": [ "94625758", "169437150", "2781164112", "2780668109", "2777582232", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2284129159" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the article discusses the significance of the 2013 cambodian national elections particularly the contest between the cambodian opposition political party the cambodian people s party cpp led by cambodian prime minister hun sen and the political party the cambodia national rescue party cnrp led by politician sam rainsy the article examines hun sen s political background and his association with the political party the khmer rouge his tactics of political intimidation against opponents such as rainsy and alleged human rights abuses committed by the hun sen government it also discusses anti vietnamese sentiment in cambodia", "title_raw": "Autopsy of a Cambodian Election", "abstract_raw": "The article discusses the significance of the 2013 Cambodian national elections, particularly the contest between the Cambodian opposition political party the Cambodian People's Party (CPP) led by Cambodian prime minister Hun Sen, and the political party the Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) led by politician Sam Rainsy. The article examines Hun Sen's political background and his association with the political party the Khmer Rouge, his tactics of political intimidation against opponents such as Rainsy, and alleged human rights abuses committed by the Hun Sen government. It also discusses anti-Vietnamese sentiment in Cambodia" }, { "paper": "3124338201", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2015", "title": "consent procedures and american federalism when state participation in federal programs is determined by the mechanism for signing up", "label": [ "2776398702", "2776154427", "2778272461", "83009810", "533735693", "67860675", "186229450", "199539241" ], "author": [ "3123235118" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "iii consent procedures and federalism values in this part i extend my analysis of consent procedures beyond doctrine to how they relate to the broader goods that the supreme court and scholars have located in our federalist system these goods are often described as the ends of federalism or federalism values my goal is not to endorse all of them indeed some may not be goods at all and others may be mutually inconsistent but rather to show what scholars judges and policymakers who believe in federalism for each of these reasons stand to gain by thinking about the presence and operation of consent procedures although the protection of sovereignty and autonomy are commonly cited federalism values these terms are hard to define and rigorously dissect in a limited space i therefore approach these concepts by digging one step deeper and thinking about two of their obvious constitutive parts constitutional autonomy and political autonomy i then discuss the intersections between consent procedures and three other goods produced by federalism representation the checking function and energy contestation and voice a constitutional autonomy consent procedures have the potential to dictate both who speaks for the state and how both the who and the how requirements could present serious state level constitutional concerns when the federal government requires the governor or chief executive of the state to consent to a federal program or express the state s desire to accept federal funds the governor is made the state s spokesperson and legal representative in this capacity she both expresses the state s desire to participate in the federal program and commits the state to the legal obligations attached to participation in some cases the governor undoubtedly possesses authority under the state constitution to decide the issues presented in the federal offer but in other cases federal speaker designations can function as extra constitutional grants of additional power to the designated state party 184 for example one section of the asbestos hazard emergency response act of 1986 185 authorizes state governors to take emergency action to respond to the presence of airborne asbestos or friable asbestos containing material in schools when the local educational agency is not taking sufficient action 186 the governor may then seek reimbursement for such actions from the environmental protection agency 187 in states that vest authority for school oversight in an education agency rather than the governor or in those that preclude the governor from making directives to local schools without intervening steps by the legislature for instance amending a home rule statute any action by the governor under the act would reallocate authority away from the legislature agency or local school district and to the governor 188 the potential harms that federal consent procedures can impose on state constitutional structures are illuminated by three types of responsive actions states have taken to counteract federal interference after outlining these state level responses to federal consent procedures i shall argue that these mechanisms provide insufficient protection against consent procedures that interfere with the allocation of state constitutional powers first federally designated state speakers have attempted to delicately reallocate authority back to the rightful state level actor this type of state level maneuver came into sharp relief last year when sergio garcia applied for a law license in california garcia is an undocumented immigrant and is prohibited from receiving state assistance including a law license under prwora s bar on the provision of state benefits grants and licenses to undocumented immigrants while the law does permit states to opt out of the ban through an enactment of a state law 189 california had not exercised this opt out option at the time that garcia applied for his law license", "title_raw": "Consent Procedures and American Federalism: when state participation in federal programs is determined by the mechanism for signing up", "abstract_raw": "III. CONSENT PROCEDURES AND FEDERALISM VALUES In this Part, I extend my analysis of consent procedures beyond doctrine to how they relate to the broader goods that the Supreme Court and scholars have located in our federalist system. These goods are often described as the \"ends of federalism\" or \"federalism values.\" My goal is not to endorse all of them--indeed some may not be goods at all and others may be mutually inconsistent--but rather to show what scholars, judges, and policymakers who believe in federalism for each of these reasons stand to gain by thinking about the presence and operation of consent procedures. Although the protection of \"sovereignty\" and \"autonomy\" are commonly cited federalism values, these terms are hard to define and rigorously dissect in a limited space. I therefore approach these concepts by digging one step deeper and thinking about two of their obvious constitutive parts: constitutional autonomy and political autonomy. I then discuss the intersections between consent procedures and three other goods produced by federalism: representation; the checking function; and energy, contestation, and voice. A. Constitutional Autonomy Consent procedures have the potential to dictate both who speaks for the state and how. Both the \"who\" and the \"how\" requirements could present serious state-level constitutional concerns. When the federal government requires the \"governor\" or \"chief executive of the state\" to consent to a federal program or express the state's desire to accept federal funds, the governor is made the state's spokesperson and legal representative. In this capacity, she both expresses the state's desire to participate in the federal program and commits the state to the legal obligations attached to participation. In some cases the governor undoubtedly possesses authority under the state constitution to decide the issues presented in the federal offer. But in other cases, federal speaker designations can function as extra-constitutional grants of additional power to the designated state party. (184) For example, one section of the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act of 1986 (185) authorizes state governors to take \"emergency action\" to \"respond to the [presence of] airborne asbestos or friable asbestos-containing material\" in schools, when the \"local educational agency is not taking sufficient action.\" (186) The governor may then seek reimbursement for such actions from the Environmental Protection Agency. (187) In states that vest authority for school oversight in an education agency rather than the governor, or in those that preclude the governor from making directives to local schools without intervening steps by the legislature--for instance, amending a home rule statute--any action by the governor under the Act would reallocate authority away from the legislature, agency, or local school district and to the governor. (188) The potential harms that federal consent procedures can impose on state constitutional structures are illuminated by three types of responsive actions states have taken to counteract federal interference. After outlining these state-level responses to federal consent procedures, I shall argue that these mechanisms provide insufficient protection against consent procedures that interfere with the allocation of state constitutional powers. First, federally designated state speakers have attempted to delicately reallocate authority back to the rightful state-level actor. This type of state-level maneuver came into sharp relief last year when Sergio Garcia applied for a law license in California. Garcia is an undocumented immigrant and is prohibited from receiving state assistance, including a law license, under PRWORA's bar on the provision of state benefits, grants, and licenses to undocumented immigrants. While the law does permit states to opt out of the ban through an \"enactment of a State law,\" (189) California had not exercised this opt-out option at the time that Garcia applied for his law license. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2054044714", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2015", "title": "competing for the crown inter rebel competition and civilian targeting in civil war", "label": [ "2779220109", "2776594853", "199539241", "81631423" ], "author": [ "2568024618", "2031424392" ], "reference": [ "177879470", "276800188", "380949201", "606783974", "627391261", "1506532709", "1763515673", "1925257902", "1965462944", "1972589458", "1978890244", "2019176210", "2021101365", "2026715125", "2029360129", "2054517900", "2057828652", "2058887530", "2073556730", "2076761142", "2085918703", "2098878648", "2101974450", "2104431072", "2105142552", "2106483804", "2107177679", "2109949153", "2111307659", "2114830215", "2123730160", "2131607071", "2136851260", "2137431964", "2146651048", "2151098467", "2159169932", "2160580959", "2165611314", "2224939552", "2241105155", "2325581249", "2326192981", "2598553948", "2762939697", "2798142024", "3123178109", "3125811088" ], "abstract": "what factors contribute to the victimization of civilians during civil war drawing on research from various disciplines we argue that increasing competition within a civil conflict system brought on by the entrance of new factions contributes to an increase in civilian targeting by existing rebel groups specifically we argue that existing groups are more likely to target civilians immediately upon the entrance of new rivals due to the perceived threat to control over resources and because the arrival of new groups diminishes the gains existing groups expect from either victory or successful conflict bargaining we further argue that violence against civilians increases during periods in which rival factions engage in direct violent conflict with one another our analysis diverges from existing studies by arguing and demonstrating that fluctuations in competition rather than the simple presence of competing groups produce spikes in civilian targeting by nonstate actors we evaluate and find support for our argument using monthly data for african conflicts between 1989 and 2010", "title_raw": "Competing for the Crown Inter-rebel Competition and Civilian Targeting in Civil War", "abstract_raw": "What factors contribute to the victimization of civilians during civil war? Drawing on research from various disciplines, we argue that increasing competition within a civil conflict system brought on by the entrance of new factions contributes to an increase in civilian targeting by existing rebel groups. Specifically, we argue that existing groups are more likely to target civilians immediately upon the entrance of new rivals due to the perceived threat to control over resources and because the arrival of new groups diminishes the gains existing groups expect from either victory or successful conflict bargaining. We further argue that violence against civilians increases during periods in which rival factions engage in direct, violent conflict with one another. Our analysis diverges from existing studies by arguing and demonstrating that fluctuations in competition rather than the simple presence of competing groups produce spikes in civilian targeting by nonstate actors. We evaluate and find support for our argument using monthly data for African conflicts between 1989 and 2010." }, { "paper": "2055055087", "venue": "9731383", "year": "2015", "title": "project selection in nih a natural experiment from arra", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2294729590", "2098996822", "2124731515" ], "reference": [ "168564468", "1496826797", "1519557914", "1521626219", "1532325895", "1562444029", "1576726980", "1597402394", "1974721388", "1990564083", "2005834521", "2020066486", "2020764861", "2023754051", "2043880065", "2048489440", "2060037758", "2077272567", "2078402820", "2085025621", "2086134925", "2090672746", "2096354859", "2111563109", "2126604418", "2132019091", "2152158712", "2156395573", "2158550208", "2163623879", "2323086467", "2331736225", "3122411129", "3124085957" ], "abstract": "using a natural experiment in research funding by the national institutes of health nih following the american recovery and reinvestment act arra of 2009 we study the nih s revealed preference in project selection we do so by comparing the characteristics of the projects additionally selected for funding due to an unexpected increase in resources under the arra with those supported through regular nih budget we find that the regular funded projects are on average of higher quality as measured by the number of publications per project and the impact of these publications than arra funded projects moreover compared to arra projects regular projects are more likely to produce highest impact articles and exhibit greater variance in research output the output from regular projects also seems more closely fitting the purpose of funding the differences in project quality are largely explained by observable attributes of the projects and research teams suggesting that the nih may use these attributes as cues for discerning underlying project quality in addition arra projects are more likely than regular projects to involve investigators with past grant experience many of these inter group differences are specific to r01 grants the largest funding category in the nih overall these results suggest that the nih s project selection appears generally in line with its purported mission in particular our results contrast starkly with the frequent criticism that the nih is extremely risk averse and unwarrantedly favors experienced investigators we discuss the implications of our findings on the nih s behavior in project selection", "title_raw": "Project selection in NIH: A natural experiment from ARRA", "abstract_raw": "Using a natural experiment in research funding by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) following the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, we study the NIH's revealed preference in project selection. We do so by comparing the characteristics of the projects additionally selected for funding due to an unexpected increase in resources under the ARRA with those supported through regular NIH budget. We find that the regular-funded projects are on average of higher quality, as measured by the number of publications per project and the impact of these publications, than ARRA-funded projects. Moreover, compared to ARRA projects, regular projects are more likely to produce highest-impact articles and exhibit greater variance in research output. The output from regular projects also seems more closely fitting the purpose of funding. The differences in project quality are largely explained by observable attributes of the projects and research teams, suggesting that the NIH may use these attributes as cues for discerning underlying project quality. In addition, ARRA projects are more likely than regular projects to involve investigators with past grant experience. Many of these inter-group differences are specific to R01 grants, the largest funding category in the NIH. Overall, these results suggest that the NIH's project selection appears generally in line with its purported mission. In particular, our results contrast starkly with the frequent criticism that the NIH is extremely risk-averse and unwarrantedly favors experienced investigators. We discuss the implications of our findings on the NIH's behavior in project selection." }, { "paper": "2080298995", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2015", "title": "public opinion responsiveness and constraint britain s three immigration policy regimes", "label": [ "134698397", "203566152", "111141941", "70036468", "199539241", "109986646" ], "author": [ "2889858690", "2167894569", "2639674056" ], "reference": [ "123623056", "570960562", "573809769", "583234051", "613176105", "628491254", "639090654", "1498624896", "1544261594", "1550336053", "1565064905", "1600526498", "1976916341", "1989855134", "2005125425", "2011966204", "2018291456", "2033438699", "2039070994", "2104240294", "2121363967", "2131488404", "2147190365", "2151075020", "2165302967", "2286059326", "2750806927", "3124468372" ], "abstract": "we examine the link between public opinion and policy in the uk over the past 30 years we show that public views about immigration are responsive to changes in immigration levels and differences between migrant groups and that policy makers are sensitive to these changes policy makers look to respond to the public mood on migration but face growing constraints in doing so the interaction of public opinion policy and constraint has produced three distinct policy regimes in the first from 1982 to 1997 policy makers faced few constraints immigration was tightly controlled and the public were unconcerned about the issue in the second from 1997 to 2004 migration policy was selectively liberalised in response to external and interest group pressures producing increasing inflows and growing public demands for restriction in the third from 2004 to the time of writing public demand for restriction is strong but policy makers face significant constraints in responding in all periods policy makers", "title_raw": "Public opinion, responsiveness and constraint: Britain's three immigration policy regimes", "abstract_raw": "We examine the link between public opinion and policy in the UK over the past 30 years. We show that public views about immigration are responsive to changes in immigration levels and differences between migrant groups, and that policy-makers are sensitive to these changes. Policy-makers look to respond to the public mood on migration, but face growing constraints in doing so. The interaction of public opinion, policy and constraint has produced three distinct policy regimes. In the first, from 1982 to 1997, policy-makers faced few constraints, immigration was tightly controlled and the public were unconcerned about the issue. In the second, from 1997 to 2004, migration policy was selectively liberalised in response to external and interest group pressures, producing increasing inflows and growing public demands for restriction. In the third, from 2004 to the time of writing, public demand for restriction is strong but policy-makers face significant constraints in responding. In all periods, policy-makers..." }, { "paper": "2172056394", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2015", "title": "campaign finance laws policy outcomes and political equality in the american states", "label": [ "2780883770", "199539241", "94625758", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2165434858" ], "reference": [ "226777366", "575725299", "581203498", "601289779", "605934250", "614917022", "618886398", "655169388", "1491928959", "1504854090", "1505006517", "1559377018", "1568393302", "1585710142", "1589986784", "1776086262", "1880386013", "1952552476", "1953217176", "1964242754", "1976727838", "1984262121", "1991690165", "1991834699", "1993362415", "1996176592", "2001594813", "2013420584", "2014171290", "2031340404", "2031617427", "2034295750", "2034301206", "2037635407", "2048546685", "2053213529", "2056287891", "2058508584", "2074340474", "2095599369", "2106535698", "2111245701", "2122550888", "2123284360", "2134392204", "2134693979", "2140622227", "2140995981", "2141555761", "2143354684", "2143425505", "2146701876", "2158767795", "2162626903", "2170107456", "2171373343", "2182443047", "2183404677", "2264103732", "2270417525", "2316856170", "2331545579", "2334675978", "2520728694", "3121663852", "3122018003", "3123931404", "3124870661", "3125473123" ], "abstract": "laws that regulate the financing of campaigns are one attempt to attenuate the role of money in politics and promote more egalitarian policy outcomes do states with stricter campaign finance regulations represent citizens interests more equally using data on state spending priorities from 1977 to 2008 this article finds that states with stricter campaign finance laws devote a larger proportion of their annual budget to public welfare spending in general and to cash assistance programs in particular in contrast there is no relationship between the strictness of campaign finance laws and spending decisions for non redistributive policy areas i also investigate possible causal mechanisms and uncover evidence that stricter campaign finance laws alter incentives for candidates to respond to wealthy constituents by lessening the proportion of contributions that originate from business interests these results suggest that laws that regulate the financing of political campaigns can play an important role", "title_raw": "Campaign Finance Laws, Policy Outcomes, and Political Equality in the American States", "abstract_raw": "Laws that regulate the financing of campaigns are one attempt to attenuate the role of money in politics and promote more egalitarian policy outcomes. Do states with stricter campaign finance regulations represent citizens\u2019 interests more equally? Using data on state spending priorities from 1977 to 2008, this article finds that states with stricter campaign finance laws devote a larger proportion of their annual budget to public welfare spending in general and to cash assistance programs in particular. In contrast, there is no relationship between the strictness of campaign finance laws and spending decisions for non-redistributive policy areas. I also investigate possible causal mechanisms and uncover evidence that stricter campaign finance laws alter incentives for candidates to respond to wealthy constituents by lessening the proportion of contributions that originate from business interests. These results suggest that laws that regulate the financing of political campaigns can play an important role ..." }, { "paper": "2136167469", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2015", "title": "jus post bellum and the responsibility to rebuild", "label": [ "158154518", "199539241", "2779112814", "2779103253", "167388122" ], "author": [ "2146716114" ], "reference": [ "78027735", "108226751", "108471331", "205697599", "254337913", "368192298", "601686016", "636861646", "893856737", "1499127829", "1510947511", "1525480575", "1525533135", "1545253759", "1587808425", "1593499730", "1606728548", "1973106281", "1985410847", "1987610611", "2001408562", "2006948735", "2016029046", "2038537976", "2046002415", "2052679127", "2054081676", "2065214919", "2067482215", "2075722489", "2077090777", "2086570032", "2103360501", "2113232279", "2124525589", "2160360132", "2170494331", "2252055365", "2308214796", "2481857615", "2485673531", "2973224139", "3014081833", "3204906113" ], "abstract": "this article considers the issue of who should rebuild after war many leading advocates of the relevance of jus post bellum for just war theory adhere to the belligerents rebuild thesis which holds that those who have been involved with the fighting such as the victor just belligerent unjust aggressor or humanitarian intervener should be tasked with the responsibility to rebuild by contrast this article argues that there is a collective international duty to rebuild that should be assigned primarily according to the agent s ability to rebuild and not necessarily to the belligerents the article also claims that in contrast to the prevailing view considerations of jus post bellum do not play any moral role in the justifiability of a war accordingly defending the belligerents rebuild thesis by invoking the alleged moral relevance of jus post bellum for just war theory is mistaken", "title_raw": "Jus Post Bellum and the Responsibility to Rebuild", "abstract_raw": "This article considers the issue of who should rebuild after war. Many leading advocates of the relevance of jus post bellum for Just War Theory adhere to the \u2018Belligerents Rebuild Thesis\u2019, which holds that those who have been involved with the fighting \u2013 such as the victor, just belligerent, unjust aggressor or humanitarian intervener \u2013 should be tasked with the responsibility to rebuild. By contrast, this article argues that there is a collective, international duty to rebuild that should be assigned primarily according to the agent's ability to rebuild \u2013 and not necessarily to the belligerents. The article also claims that, in contrast to the prevailing view, considerations of jus post bellum do not play any moral role in the justifiability of a war. Accordingly, defending the Belligerents Rebuild Thesis by invoking the alleged moral relevance of jus post bellum for Just War Theory is mistaken." }, { "paper": "2274227949", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2015", "title": "from undesirable to marriageable hyper selectivity and the racial mobility of asian americans", "label": [ "101199243", "2779105887", "2781316041", "70036468", "2775933424" ], "author": [ "2617967324" ], "reference": [ "122114414", "577159357", "598691651", "655262797", "759452226", "1493506564", "1510293460", "1524842728", "1564913973", "1579450074", "1587108341", "1588524414", "1594115344", "1971346346", "1977398548", "1980463629", "1982346268", "1990496836", "1996589216", "2013176145", "2014525484", "2021007988", "2021500929", "2021937217", "2024829814", "2039360873", "2044154338", "2045761603", "2066888259", "2067195241", "2076254432", "2090688276", "2106869985", "2114512636", "2123037825", "2124800409", "2134422630", "2136048895", "2149894055", "2162886693", "2321367402", "2338667272", "2339540347", "2339740280", "2555351565", "3122383732", "3127268522" ], "abstract": "asian americans are at the vanguard of rising intermarriage in the united states once deemed undesirable and unassimilable asian americans have become the most marriageable racial minority group in the country in this article i posit that the passage of the 1965 immigration and nationality act altered the socioeconomic profiles of asian immigrants to the united states thereby making them more desirable partners in the marriage market further i explain interracial marriageability as a social construction and document how the rising rate of intermarriage has resulted in a growing asian multiracial population that experiences fewer social identity constraints than do other multiracial americans some demographers claim that these trends reflect a diversity explosion in which racial boundaries are upending especially for asian americans however the gendered patterns of intermarriage and the persistence of racial and gender stereotypes including the model minority trope in the case of a", "title_raw": "From Undesirable to Marriageable: Hyper-Selectivity and the Racial Mobility of Asian Americans", "abstract_raw": "Asian Americans are at the vanguard of rising intermarriage in the United States. Once deemed \u201cundesirable\u201d and \u201cunassimilable,\u201d Asian Americans have become the most \u201cmarriageable\u201d racial minority group in the country. In this article, I posit that the passage of the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act altered the socioeconomic profiles of Asian immigrants to the United States, thereby making them more desirable partners in the marriage market. Further, I explain interracial \u201cmarriageability\u201d as a social construction and document how the rising rate of intermarriage has resulted in a growing Asian multiracial population that experiences fewer social identity constraints than do other multiracial Americans. Some demographers claim that these trends reflect a \u201cdiversity explosion,\u201d in which racial boundaries are upending, especially for Asian Americans. However, the gendered patterns of intermarriage and the persistence of racial and gender stereotypes, including the \u201cmodel minority\u201d trope in the case of A..." }, { "paper": "2080159936", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2015", "title": "growth of rural migrant enclaves in guangzhou china agency everyday practice and social mobility", "label": [ "37129596", "191935318", "2777886440" ], "author": [ "2290093444", "2609606064", "2402979448", "2629103929" ], "reference": [ "196993401", "399253806", "1520209614", "1537295780", "1584473118", "1926262856", "1966559293", "1973144247", "1986737582", "1988688745", "1989941089", "1990441538", "1991306056", "1995542204", "1996687801", "2004038836", "2013687574", "2020361479", "2020509087", "2020651423", "2021287492", "2024049593", "2027308051", "2030250603", "2032306335", "2036131355", "2036184407", "2036813645", "2038502613", "2045661691", "2059580480", "2064253087", "2070663729", "2081930505", "2085086618", "2089703975", "2090345971", "2118286552", "2124855025", "2128385390", "2130526771", "2135167260", "2135868906", "2136051265", "2137527466", "2149151193", "2156861904", "2157618280", "2165708881", "2289006528", "2499511238", "2597748161", "2966441124" ], "abstract": "previous studies have attributed the proliferation of rural migrant enclaves in china s large cities primarily to the constraints limiting migrants residential options through an ethnographic exploration of xiaohubei a migrant enclave with a high concentration of hubei rural migrants and small scale garment producers in guangzhou this paper sheds new light on the dynamics and implications of the migrant enclaves it argues that rural migrants are actually active agents who develop a vibrant garment manufacturing cluster by establishing a flexible garment production system embedding their business within the enclave and maintaining a nationwide translocal network it also contends that the enclave provides a feasible path through which migrants can achieve social mobility and adapt themselves to the urban environment this paper concludes with a plea to take into account the agency and everyday practice of rural migrants when understanding the migrant enclaves and a reflection on the existing large sc", "title_raw": "Growth of rural migrant enclaves in Guangzhou, China: Agency, everyday practice and social mobility:", "abstract_raw": "Previous studies have attributed the proliferation of rural migrant enclaves in China\u2019s large cities primarily to the constraints limiting migrants\u2019 residential options. Through an ethnographic exploration of Xiaohubei, a migrant enclave with a high concentration of Hubei rural migrants and small-scale garment producers in Guangzhou, this paper sheds new light on the dynamics and implications of the migrant enclaves. It argues that rural migrants are actually active agents who develop a vibrant garment manufacturing cluster by establishing a flexible garment production system, embedding their business within the enclave and maintaining a nationwide translocal network. It also contends that the enclave provides a feasible path through which migrants can achieve social mobility and adapt themselves to the urban environment. This paper concludes with a plea to take into account the agency and everyday practice of rural migrants when understanding the migrant enclaves and a reflection on the existing large-sc..." }, { "paper": "2020842390", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2015", "title": "property and political order in africa land rights and the structure of politics by catherine boone cambridge cambridge university press 2014 pp xvi 416 21 99 pbk", "label": [ "2779354276", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2115112351" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Property and Political Order in Africa. Land Rights and the Structure of Politics by Catherine Boone Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Pp. xvi + 416. \u00a321\u00b799 (pbk)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2117155148", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2015", "title": "leading the way towards universal health coverage a call to action", "label": [ "158886217", "17058734", "47344431" ], "author": [ "2244645873" ], "reference": [ "45125473", "103176776", "1263955588", "1551186209", "1902518398", "1965224892", "1967108202", "1980669431", "1985126893", "2001934581", "2007179308", "2013294005", "2042030257", "2046474012", "2056944376", "2061738125", "2070541816", "2073738887", "2082984937", "2094333691", "2108150050", "2119830072", "2125155569", "2125603871", "2127931825", "2129786971", "2165797959", "2174876092", "2251273458", "2325005468", "2336544638", "2938962154", "2991887307", "3022274619", "3122316868", "3152865476" ], "abstract": "summary policy innovations and lessons associated with the quest for universal health coverage in latin america are the result of a complex epidemiological transition an extended process of democratisation and high economic growth in recent times that has facilitated additional investments in health the goal of universal health coverage is part of a third generation of health system reforms which implies a comprehensive scope of policy interventions including the introduction of explicit ethical frameworks the enhanced attention to financial arrangements and the transformation of major dimensions of the organisation of health systems the call for action emphasises the next steps that could help reach the goal of universal health coverage both in the latin american region and the rest of the developing world", "title_raw": "Leading the way towards universal health coverage: a call to action", "abstract_raw": "Summary Policy innovations and lessons associated with the quest for universal health coverage in Latin America are the result of a complex epidemiological transition, an extended process of democratisation, and high economic growth in recent times that has facilitated additional investments in health. The goal of universal health coverage is part of a third generation of health-system reforms, which implies a comprehensive scope of policy interventions, including the introduction of explicit ethical frameworks, the enhanced attention to financial arrangements, and the transformation of major dimensions of the organisation of health systems. The call for action emphasises the next steps that could help reach the goal of universal health coverage both in the Latin American region and the rest of the developing world." }, { "paper": "2017166162", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2015", "title": "gender and power in american legislative discourse", "label": [ "199539241", "139621336", "2776359362", "83009810", "2775925287", "555826173", "94625758", "2778272461" ], "author": [ "2510850398" ], "reference": [ "152008918", "1516278484", "1547447190", "1555675111", "1560193411", "1590063679", "1598768985", "1605209132", "1967950544", "1972094195", "1978105574", "1979441450", "1987662442", "2044844788", "2045658444", "2049900117", "2056708699", "2069585884", "2079649097", "2108880882", "2119129636", "2165014990", "2165758834", "2325113121", "2794596142", "3004407536", "3023694165" ], "abstract": "in a modern democracy all citizens theoretically are guaranteed an equal opportunity at political representation this paper shows that democratic theory does not always hold in practice in the united states discourse analysis is applied to the language used in the 1990 hearings conducted by the u s senate committee on the judiciary on the nomination of judge david h souter to be associate justice of the supreme court results show that while women are noticeably present as witnesses in hearings they are not treated on an equal footing with men women s access to the political debate is limited because they are given proportionally less time to speak than male witnesses further empirical measures indicate that the effectiveness of women s testimony is undermined by senators responses although women utilize what is defined as masculine language to compete within a male dominated institution gendered expectations can prevent them from being treated as authoritative witnesses", "title_raw": "Gender and Power in American Legislative Discourse", "abstract_raw": "In a modern democracy, all citizens theoretically are guaranteed an equal opportunity at political representation. This paper shows that democratic theory does not always hold in practice in the United States. Discourse analysis is applied to the language used in the 1990 hearings conducted by the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary on the nomination of Judge David H. Souter to be Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Results show that while women are noticeably present as witnesses in hearings, they are not treated on an equal footing with men. Women's access to the political debate is limited, because they are given proportionally less time to speak than male witnesses. Further, empirical measures indicate that the effectiveness of women's testimony is undermined by senators' responses. Although women utilize what is defined as masculine language to compete within a male-dominated institution, gendered expectations can prevent them from being treated as authoritative witnesses." }, { "paper": "2582019709", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2015", "title": "pathways to power professional and political career trajectories in the obtainment of ministerial offices", "label": [ "2776051254", "94625758", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2485605475" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Pathways to power : Professional and Political Career Trajectories in the Obtainment of Ministerial Offices", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1562765608", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2015", "title": "selfish third parties act as peacemakers by transforming conflicts and promoting cooperation", "label": [ "21711469", "39549134", "65117487", "2775842811", "131676636", "199776023" ], "author": [ "1960852865", "2556723975" ], "reference": [ "1867050271", "1985061730", "1987468683", "1991768934", "1993077210", "2001436017", "2019128188", "2022959463", "2034433329", "2035472293", "2036063769", "2056821124", "2062663664", "2068869385", "2083211140", "2097087195", "2100789707", "2115957267", "2117352065", "2122682494", "2129935722", "2151376409", "2153031274", "2157228429", "3121175533", "3122603655" ], "abstract": "the tremendous costs of conflict have made humans resourceful not only at warfare but also at peacemaking although third parties have acted as peacemakers since the dawn of history little is known about voluntary informal third party intervention in conflict here we introduce the peacemaker game a novel experimental paradigm to model and study the interdependence between disputants and third parties in conflict in the game two disputants choose whether to cooperate or compete and a third party chooses whether or not to intervene in the conflict intervention introduces side payments that transform the game disputants are playing it also introduces risk for the third party by making it vulnerable to disputants choices six experiments revealed three robust effects i the mere possibility of third party intervention significantly increases cooperation in interpersonal and intergroup conflicts ii reducing the risk to third parties dramatically increases intervention rates to everyone s benefit and iii disputants cooperation rates are consistently higher than third parties intervention rates these findings explain why how and when self interested third parties facilitate peaceful conflict resolution", "title_raw": "Selfish third parties act as peacemakers by transforming conflicts and promoting cooperation.", "abstract_raw": "The tremendous costs of conflict have made humans resourceful not only at warfare but also at peacemaking. Although third parties have acted as peacemakers since the dawn of history, little is known about voluntary, informal third-party intervention in conflict. Here we introduce the Peacemaker Game, a novel experimental paradigm, to model and study the interdependence between disputants and third parties in conflict. In the game, two disputants choose whether to cooperate or compete and a third party chooses whether or not to intervene in the conflict. Intervention introduces side payments that transform the game disputants are playing; it also introduces risk for the third party by making it vulnerable to disputants\u2019 choices. Six experiments revealed three robust effects: (i) The mere possibility of third-party intervention significantly increases cooperation in interpersonal and intergroup conflicts; (ii) reducing the risk to third parties dramatically increases intervention rates, to everyone\u2019s benefit; and (iii) disputants\u2019 cooperation rates are consistently higher than third parties\u2019 intervention rates. These findings explain why, how, and when self-interested third parties facilitate peaceful conflict resolution." }, { "paper": "2157918491", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2015", "title": "civic illiteracy and the american cultural heritage", "label": [ "60671577", "194229684", "555826173", "2777302800", "120912362", "2778775528", "93371752", "165205368" ], "author": [ "2028502421" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the closing of the american mind how higher education has failed democracy and impoverished the souls of today s students by allan bloom new york simon and schuster 1987 pp 392 18 95 cloth 7 95 paper cultural literacy what every american needs to know by e d hirsch jr boston houghton mifflin 1987 pp xi 250 16 95 cloth 4 95 paper what do our 1 7 year olds know a report on the first national assessment of history and literature by diane ravitch and chester e finn jr new york harper and row 1987 pp ix 293 15 95 american memory a report on the humanities in the nation s public schools by lynne v cheney washington dc national endowment for the humanities 1987 pp vi 29 2 00", "title_raw": "Civic Illiteracy and the American Cultural Heritage", "abstract_raw": "The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today's Students. By Allan Bloom. (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987. Pp. 392. $18.95 cloth, $7.95 paper.) Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know. By E. D. Hirsch, Jr. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987. Pp. xi, 250. $16.95 cloth, $4.95 paper.) What Do Our 1 7-Year-Olds Know? A Report on the First National Assessment of History and Literature. By Diane Ravitch and Chester E. Finn, Jr. (New York: Harper and Row, 1987. Pp. ix, 293. $15.95.) American Memory: A Report on the Humanities in the Nation's Public Schools. By Lynne V. Cheney. (Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Humanities, 1987. Pp. vi, 29. $2.00.)" }, { "paper": "2318238642", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2015", "title": "charles e cobb jr this nonviolent stuff ll get you killed how guns made the civil rights movement possible", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2116784217" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Charles E. Cobb Jr. This Nonviolent Stuff'll Get You Killed: How Guns Made the Civil Rights Movement Possible.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2598287425", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2015", "title": "pope doesn t shy away from specifics in leaked climate encyclical", "label": [ "2777916351" ], "author": [ "2337126743" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Pope doesn't shy away from specifics in leaked climate encyclical", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122669987", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2015", "title": "arbitration s counter narrative the religious arbitration paradigm", "label": [ "65414064", "2776211767", "204434341", "2778890055", "160151201" ], "author": [ "2273049395" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Arbitration's Counter-Narrative: The Religious Arbitration Paradigm", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2169010781", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2015", "title": "buying the vote a history of campaign finance reform by robert e mutch new york oxford university press 2014 380 pp 34 95", "label": [ "2780883770" ], "author": [ "2021063213" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Buying the Vote: A History of Campaign Finance Reform by Robert E. Mutch. New York, Oxford University Press, 2014. 380 pp. $34.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2192101981", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2015", "title": "democratic trajectories in africa unraveling the impact of foreign aid", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2201775639" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democratic trajectories in Africa: Unraveling the impact of foreign aid", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2177893100", "venue": "51885707", "year": "2015", "title": "a life cycle model of industrial heritage development", "label": [ "41866144", "2781397288", "2780170640", "2781205358", "87702512", "123253695", "2776182711", "18918823" ], "author": [ "2128918943" ], "reference": [ "2522083", "16529032", "34306520", "65739654", "88283764", "173686141", "245352281", "289125726", "341241088", "568953265", "613245792", "789789786", "1485995441", "1492696115", "1512015804", "1513313904", "1553233289", "1562769625", "1586844473", "1598910950", "1599073649", "1771429469", "1851898034", "1969865588", "1971707653", "1979797607", "2004389625", "2004988827", "2005667901", "2008267635", "2008555284", "2034102785", "2038672281", "2044890111", "2053221786", "2057873261", "2062076270", "2069366313", "2070994273", "2073939426", "2084974643", "2089029652", "2092962028", "2095476858", "2096113168", "2100920614", "2102802086", "2103942814", "2113731284", "2122027055", "2130234852", "2135433120", "2136667629", "2144602370", "2146544225", "2172001998", "2177016648", "2294089824", "2622265814", "2893450849", "2895157482", "2966598347", "3030295684", "3039657337", "3133899042", "3138550880" ], "abstract": "abstract the milieus of industrial complexes and their potential reuse for tourism have gained prominence worldwide this paper proposes a life cycle model of industrial heritage development consisting of territorialization deterritorialization and reterritorialization to illustrate the intricate interplay of identity landscape and socio spatial changes in the lx factory in lisbon portugal in the stage of territorialization postindustrial sites are identified as an important heritage source deterritorialization denotes the stage in which forces of tourism infuse new meanings into these sites reterritorialization indicates a burgeoning phenomenon of repurposing the industrial landscape for the use of creative industries and consequently generating a different territorial identity", "title_raw": "A life cycle model of industrial heritage development", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The milieus of industrial complexes and their potential reuse for tourism have gained prominence worldwide. This paper proposes a life cycle model of industrial heritage development, consisting of territorialization, deterritorialization, and reterritorialization to illustrate the intricate interplay of identity, landscape and socio-spatial changes in the LX Factory in Lisbon, Portugal. In the stage of territorialization, postindustrial sites are identified as an important heritage source. Deterritorialization denotes the stage in which forces of tourism infuse new meanings into these sites. Reterritorialization indicates a burgeoning phenomenon of repurposing the industrial landscape for the use of creative industries and consequently generating a different territorial identity." }, { "paper": "2552601066", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "aid for peace", "label": [ "521897407", "2777095168", "183761623" ], "author": [ "2172217503", "307709374", "2121991430" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Aid for Peace", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "586268442", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2015", "title": "the endtimes of human rights by stephen hopgood review", "label": [ "199539241", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2636346548" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Endtimes of Human Rights by Stephen Hopgood (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2579548882", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2015", "title": "heart sick the politics of risk inequality and heart diseaseheart sick the politics of risk inequality and heart disease by shimjanet k new york new york university press 2014 277 pp 27 00 paper isbn 9780814786857", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2304434842" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Heart-Sick: The Politics of Risk, Inequality, and Heart DiseaseHeart-Sick: The Politics of Risk, Inequality, and Heart Disease, by ShimJanet K.New York: New York University Press, 2014. 277 pp. $27.00 paper. ISBN: 9780814786857.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2546532544", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "lebanon s deal with the devil", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2135007538" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Lebanon's Deal with the Devil", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1011687410", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2015", "title": "hidden scientist network behind environmental management case study of grassland management in china", "label": [ "191935318", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2630806171", "2137990030" ], "reference": [ "85797161", "247547756", "585016680", "594510933", "1522076571", "1989776890", "1990172753", "1999142987", "2019384110", "2024632733", "2028897509", "2032720525", "2035334669", "2056213624", "2059806657", "2067723372", "2073223492", "2073280303", "2079782565", "2089920503", "2093913426", "2110158660", "2113990483", "2127184647", "2134670657", "2137028582", "2144117391", "2162844216", "2168175556", "2362497741", "2547772089", "2578623623", "2753533763", "2917784888" ], "abstract": "abstract previous studies on the science policy interface concentrate mostly on institutional arrangements that facilitate the information exchange between scientists and policymakers but few address the internal structure of the scientist community and its impact on policy making considering that science emerges from academic competition the examination of the power balance within the scientist community is crucial for understanding political outcomes in the science policy interface this study applies social network analysis to the scientist community of grassland management in china and demonstrates that the structure of the scientist community exerts a significant influence on the formation of environmental policies the dominance of ecologists inside the community led to the prevalence of the overgrazing causes degradation narrative though anthropologists later questioned the narrative their capacity to challenge the authority of ecologists was circumscribed by their small group size weak intra group connection and limited political affiliation this resulted in the persistence of biased policies that continue to blame local communities for environmental problems", "title_raw": "Hidden scientist network behind environmental management\u2014Case study of grassland management in China", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Previous studies on the science\u2013policy interface concentrate mostly on institutional arrangements that facilitate the information exchange between scientists and policymakers, but few address the internal structure of the scientist community and its impact on policy-making. Considering that science emerges from academic competition, the examination of the power balance within the scientist community is crucial for understanding political outcomes in the science\u2013policy interface. This study applies social network analysis to the scientist community of grassland management in China and demonstrates that the structure of the scientist community exerts a significant influence on the formation of environmental policies. The dominance of ecologists inside the community led to the prevalence of the overgrazing-causes-degradation narrative. Though anthropologists later questioned the narrative, their capacity to challenge the authority of ecologists was circumscribed by their small group size, weak intra-group connection, and limited political affiliation. This resulted in the persistence of biased policies that continue to blame local communities for environmental problems." }, { "paper": "2123988077", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2015", "title": "opinion advancing neuroscience interactions with cuba", "label": [ "2776398702", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2112848826", "1997084755", "1841273438", "2171879104", "2431369082", "2128166111", "2145438006" ], "reference": [ "1482788701", "1529417653", "1971849203", "1977567186", "1983060620", "1997824537", "2008530859", "2013615189", "2016424457", "2029518236", "2043501715", "2050852481", "2055328121", "2067689564", "2069310622", "2074817768", "2080266049", "2084326427", "2087667431", "2094223375", "2117632301", "2141490928", "2167959816", "2324900825", "2325276996", "2765634186", "3012616657" ], "abstract": "on december 17 2014 us president barack obama announced historic actions toward normalizing united states relations with cuba and instructed secretary of state john kerry to re establish diplomatic interactions between the two countries so as to reach for a better future for the cuban people for the american people for our entire hemisphere and for the world on april 11 obama and raul castro held an historic meeting", "title_raw": "Opinion: Advancing neuroscience interactions with Cuba", "abstract_raw": "On December 17, 2014, US President Barack Obama announced historic actions toward normalizing United States relations with Cuba, and instructed Secretary of State John Kerry to re-establish diplomatic interactions between the two countries, so as \u201cto reach for a better future for the Cuban people, for the American people, for our entire hemisphere, and for the world.\u201d* On April 11, Obama and Raul Castro held an historic meeting." }, { "paper": "2346926395", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2015", "title": "burundi s electoral crisis back to power sharing politics as usual", "label": [ "2777162435", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2636262587" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Burundi's electoral crisis \u2013 back to power-sharing politics as usual?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2133252317", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2015", "title": "competency costs in foreign affairs presidential performance in international conflicts and domestic legislative success 1953 2001", "label": [ "2777351106", "83009810", "2779636406", "39549134", "197487636", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2171916049", "1987187684" ], "reference": [ "203391070", "646556860", "1515019153", "1563166670", "1964688764", "1983289016", "1987008860", "1991278031", "2009779096", "2012836925", "2022181827", "2022558457", "2033290738", "2044073085", "2049228636", "2056370346", "2068869385", "2080826664", "2085574420", "2094647264", "2108378466", "2123272973", "2133685950", "2135035101", "2157040345", "2163890047", "2165736931", "2172086827", "2250886915", "2250894782", "2477862942", "3125638373", "3145410048" ], "abstract": "numerous prominent theories have relied on the concept of audience costs as a central causal mechanism in their arguments about international conflict but scholars have had greater difficulty in demonstrating the efficacy and even the existence of such costs outside the bounds of game theory and the political psychology laboratory we suggest that the audience costs argument focuses too narrowly on the likelihood that leaders will be removed from office by domestic constituencies for failing to make good on threats instead we argue that scholars should ground these arguments on alastair smith s 1998 broader concept of competency costs our analysis of presidential legislative success from 1953 to 2001 demonstrates the existence of foreign policy competency costs by showing that public disapproval of presidential handling of militarized interstate disputes has a significant and substantial negative impact on the president s ability to move legislation on domestic issues through congress", "title_raw": "Competency Costs in Foreign Affairs: Presidential Performance in International Conflicts and Domestic Legislative Success, 1953\u20132001", "abstract_raw": "Numerous prominent theories have relied on the concept of \ufffdaudience costs\ufffd as a central causal mechanism in their arguments about international conflict, but scholars have had greater difficulty in demonstrating the efficacy and even the existence of such costs outside the bounds of game theory and the political psychology laboratory. We suggest that the audience costs argument focuses too narrowly on the likelihood that leaders will be removed from office by domestic constituencies for failing to make good on threats. Instead, we argue that scholars should ground these arguments on Alastair Smith's (1998) broader concept of \ufffdcompetency costs.\ufffd Our analysis of presidential legislative success from 1953 to 2001 demonstrates the existence of foreign policy competency costs by showing that public disapproval of presidential handling of militarized interstate disputes has a significant and substantial negative impact on the president's ability to move legislation on domestic issues through Congress." }, { "paper": "2078112634", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2015", "title": "viviana l grieco the politics of giving in the viceroyalty of rio de la plata donors lenders subjects and citizens", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2666402502" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Viviana L. Grieco. The Politics of Giving in the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata: Donors, Lenders, Subjects, and Citizens.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2081043101", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2015", "title": "iran s isis policy", "label": [ "3651065" ], "author": [ "1883634344", "2302404011" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article assesses iran s strategy in dealing with the threat of the islamic state in iraq and syria isis it examines the implications of the rise of isis in iran s immediate neighbourhood for tehran s policies in syria and iraq and investigates how each of these countries affects iranian national interests it provides an overview of the major events marking iran and iraq s relations in the past few decades and discusses the strategic importance of iraq for iran by looking at the two countries energy economic and religious ties it also considers iran s involvement in syria since the beginning of the syrian conflict the article sheds light on the unilateral action taken by tehran to counter isis the adjustments it may have to make to its involvement in syria and the potential areas for tactical cooperation between iran and the united states as well as other key regional states such as saudi arabia the article investigates three likely scenarios affecting the developments in iraq and iran s possible response to them as the events in the middle east unfold", "title_raw": "Iran\u2019s ISIS policy", "abstract_raw": "This article assesses Iran's strategy in dealing with the threat of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). It examines the implications of the rise of ISIS in Iran's immediate neighbourhood for Tehran's policies in Syria and Iraq and investigates how each of these countries affects Iranian national interests. It provides an overview of the major events marking Iran and Iraq's relations in the past few decades and discusses the strategic importance of Iraq for Iran, by looking at the two countries' energy, economic and religious ties. It also considers Iran's involvement in Syria since the beginning of the Syrian conflict. The article sheds light on the unilateral action taken by Tehran to counter ISIS, the adjustments it may have to make to its involvement in Syria, and the potential areas for tactical cooperation between Iran and the United States, as well as other key regional states such as Saudi Arabia. The article investigates three likely scenarios affecting the developments in Iraq and Iran's possible response to them as the events in the Middle East unfold." }, { "paper": "2292040443", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2015", "title": "media citizenship and religious mobilization the muharram awareness campaign in mumbai", "label": [ "2781316041", "2777609129", "11293438", "39549134", "2776398702", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2037354519" ], "reference": [ "206591504", "418231951", "562046261", "562111857", "576477190", "579362556", "584345548", "601091689", "612353350", "635505040", "640419712", "655523771", "761939961", "1501397915", "1508720650", "1515187133", "1527413252", "1541949981", "1545883549", "1558172898", "1576497820", "1602172686", "1963889992", "1965907147", "1967084136", "1969101855", "1971071445", "1974739609", "1976540768", "1978663275", "1981014030", "1981787791", "1989582854", "2009105538", "2013928491", "2023097815", "2023615689", "2024807926", "2030085670", "2031921229", "2033081909", "2038830370", "2043317150", "2056581594", "2058697536", "2061440075", "2072409728", "2081191205", "2089506232", "2093868265", "2096368608", "2096616441", "2097764375", "2109334234", "2109460447", "2110908550", "2118438043", "2131325497", "2133842662", "2141278208", "2145330663", "2145499342", "2145921850", "2147519047", "2152548043", "2160381258", "2160961940", "2165474034", "2205823296", "2217869508", "2259827717", "2320916409", "2328114183", "2475382968", "2504405882", "2506626085", "2600130443", "2942845060", "2949472022", "3026076202", "3084939157", "3107271473" ], "abstract": "the great urban diversity of mumbai has given rise to a range of religious mobilizations that are not only shaped by a history of communalism along religious lines but also driven by intra religious rivalry and competition in their urban environment against the backdrop of a global megacity contemporary shi ite religious activism in mumbai provides evidence of the importance of global processes of religious mobilization while also showing its entanglement with state regulation of religion an advertising campaign by a shi ite media center illustrates that such religious activism with global ramifications can only be understood if one also takes its intersection with state sponsored regimes of religious diversity into account media practices of indian muslims as a vulnerable minority are especially responsive to normative discourses and images of religious diversity and mobilize alternative strands of indian secularism in order to counteract the fragility of their citizenship", "title_raw": "Media, Citizenship, and Religious Mobilization: The Muharram Awareness Campaign in Mumbai", "abstract_raw": "The great urban diversity of Mumbai has given rise to a range of religious mobilizations that are not only shaped by a history of communalism along religious lines but also driven by intra-religious rivalry and competition in their urban environment. Against the backdrop of a global megacity, contemporary Shi\u2018ite religious activism in Mumbai provides evidence of the importance of global processes of religious mobilization, while also showing its entanglement with state regulation of religion. An advertising campaign by a Shi\u2018ite media center illustrates that such religious activism with global ramifications can only be understood if one also takes its intersection with state-sponsored regimes of religious diversity into account. Media practices of Indian Muslims as a vulnerable minority are especially responsive to normative discourses and images of religious diversity, and mobilize alternative strands of Indian secularism in order to counteract the fragility of their citizenship." }, { "paper": "2546518494", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "iran s moment of truth", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2253467207" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Iran's Moment of Truth", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2604723488", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2015", "title": "the strong state in russia development and crisis by andrei p tsygankov new york oxford university press 2014 272p 99 00 cloth 29 95 paper can russia modernise sistema power networks and informal governance by alena v ledeneva cambridge cambridge university press 2013 332p 99 99 cloth 34 99", "label": [ "2776051254", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2315970173" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Strong State in Russia: Development and Crisis. By Andrei P. Tsygankov. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. 272p. $99.00 cloth, $29.95 paper. - Can Russia Modernise? Sistema, Power Networks and Informal Governance. By Alena V. Ledeneva. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 332p. $99.99 cloth, $34.99", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3125262107", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2015", "title": "are unions a constitutional anomaly", "label": [ "2778272461", "2776512386", "2776665811", "199568422", "2776050585", "80984254", "10144844", "97460637" ], "author": [ "2395840999" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this term in friedrichs v california teachers ass n the supreme court will consider whether ordinary public employees may constitutionally be required to pay an agency fee as a condition of employment to the union that represents them in collective bargaining the court established the terms of engagement in the 2014 decision harris v quinn which struck down an agency fee on narrower grounds while describing the current doctrine approving agency fees blessed many times by the court itself as an anomaly this article asks whether labor unions are themselves anomalies in our legal system particularly in their constitutional entitlements its answer is a qualified and complicated yes unions are indeed distinct in our legal system distinct even among private entities with public regulatory functions which have frequently provoked constitutional controversy on the one hand unions are voluntary associations of workers with constitutional entitlements to freedom of expression and associational autonomy on the other hand unions are both regulated and regulatory actors within a statutory scheme that sets them far apart from other voluntary associations they are subject to a sui generis constellation of rights powers restrictions and duties a quid pro quo that both constrains and empowers unions and that is embodied in the paradigmatic case that is the central focus here in the national labor relations act the taft hartley act and the landrum griffin act whatever the wisdom of that quid pro quo and it has been criticized from both ends of the political spectrum it provides an essential context for adjudicating constitutional claims by and against unions this article calls for reframing those constitutional claims to include both the quid and the quo of labor law not only the alleged burdens that the labor laws impose on unions or individuals but also any logically linked benefits or powers it confers on the claimant if the alleged burden is logically linked to some corresponding benefit or power the latter may offset or justify the former and lower the level of constitutional scrutiny required rigorous attention to both the additions to and subtractions from unions entitlements under the labor laws along with a cautious approach to the threshold question of state action is necessary to preserve the residual yet fundamental autonomy interests of unions the proposed analysis recasts not only the agency fee controversy and the related puzzle posed by state right to work laws but also recurring challenges to the constitutionality of restrictions on union expression and recent efforts to bring worker centers under the umbrella of labor law at the same time it offers clues to the future of unions and labor law if the court continues down the path foreshadowed in harris introductionthis term in friedrichs v california teachers ass n1 the supreme court will consider whether ordinary public employees may constitutionally be required to pay an agency fee as a condition of employment to the union that represents them in collective bargaining the court established the terms of engagement in 2014 in harris v quinn 2 which struck down an agency fee provision on narrower grounds but which expanded the right to refrain from associating with unions and raised the specter of constitutionalizing the right to work regime that now prevails in nearly half the states along the way the court proclaimed the current agency fee regime blessed many times by the court itself to be an anomaly this article takes that observation as a point of departure for a broader inquiry into whether labor unions are themselves anomalies in our legal system particularly in their constitutional entitlements the answer is a qualified and complicated yes it is important not to overstate the anomaly for unions belong to a larger category of private entities with public regulatory functions", "title_raw": "Are Unions a Constitutional Anomaly", "abstract_raw": "This term in Friedrichs v. California Teachers Ass'n, the Supreme Court will consider whether ordinary public employees may constitutionally be required to pay an \"agency fee,\" as a condition of employment, to the union that represents them in collective bargaining. The Court established the terms of engagement in the 2014 decision Harris v. Quinn, which struck down an agency fee on narrower grounds while describing the current doctrine approving agency fees, blessed many times by the Court itself, as an \"anomaly.\" This Article asks whether labor unions are themselves anomalies in our legal system, particularly in their constitutional entitlements. Its answer is a qualified and complicated \"yes.\"Unions are indeed distinct in our legal system-distinct even among private entities with public regulatory functions, which have frequently provoked constitutional controversy. On the one hand, unions are voluntary associations of workers with constitutional entitlements to freedom of expression and associational autonomy. On the other hand, unions are both regulated and regulatory actors within a statutory scheme that sets them far apart from other voluntary associations. They are subject to a sui generis constellation of rights, powers, restrictions, and duties-a quid pro quo that both constrains and empowers unions, and that is embodied in the paradigmatic case that is the central focus here, in the National Labor Relations Act, the Taft-Hartley Act, and the Landrum-Griffin Act. Whatever the wisdom of that quid pro quo- and it has been criticized from both ends of the political spectrum-it provides an essential context for adjudicating constitutional claims by and against unions.This Article calls for reframing those constitutional claims to include both the quid and the quo of labor law-not only the alleged burdens that the labor laws impose on unions or individuals, but also any logically linked benefits or powers it confers on the claimant. If the alleged burden is logically linked to some corresponding benefit or power, the latter may offset or justify the former, and lower the level of constitutional scrutiny required. Rigorous attention to both the additions to and subtractions from unions' entitlements under the labor laws, along with a cautious approach to the threshold question of state action, is necessary to preserve the residual yet fundamental autonomy interests of unions. The proposed analysis recasts not only the agency fee controversy and the related puzzle posed by state \"right-to-work\" laws, but also recurring challenges to the constitutionality of restrictions on union expression and recent efforts to bring \"worker centers\" under the umbrella of labor law. At the same time, it offers clues to the future of unions and labor law if the Court continues down the path foreshadowed in Harris.INTRODUCTIONThis term in Friedrichs v. California Teachers Ass'n1 the Supreme Court will consider whether ordinary public employees may constitutionally be required to pay an \"agency fee,\" as a condition of employment, to the union that represents them in collective bargaining. The Court established the terms of engagement in 2014 in Harris v. Quinn,2 which struck down an agency fee provision on narrower grounds, but which expanded the \"right to refrain\" from associating with unions and raised the specter of constitutionalizing the \"right-to-work\" regime that now prevails in nearly half the states. Along the way, the Court proclaimed the current agency fee regime, blessed many times by the Court itself, to be an \"anomaly.\" This Article takes that observation as a point of departure for a broader inquiry into whether labor unions are themselves anomalies in our legal system, particularly in their constitutional entitlements. The answer is a qualified and complicated \"yes.\"It is important not to overstate the anomaly, for unions belong to a larger category of private entities with public regulatory functions. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2604229098", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2015", "title": "the status of law in world society mediations on the role and rule of law by friedrich kratochwil new york cambridge university press 2014 328p 95 00 cloth 34 99 paper", "label": [ "2776847301", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2604476329" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Status of Law in World Society: Mediations on the Role and Rule of Law. By Friedrich Kratochwil. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 328p. $95.00 cloth, $34.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2023311927", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2015", "title": "investigating regional identities within the pan alpine governance system the presence or absence of identification with a community of problems among local political actors", "label": [ "552854447", "2780608745", "2779407595", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2620992966" ], "reference": [ "4606072", "576460195", "613297893", "894932154", "1527562053", "1536092346", "1541315018", "1545753051", "1560777883", "1606965383", "1820079312", "1960338256", "1979664848", "2011663603", "2023614625", "2038882459", "2042015952", "2056882032", "2061285204", "2062845366", "2063080444", "2065274365", "2075650411", "2081084379", "2095616782", "2095900657", "2099076760", "2108191158", "2116975238", "2131349461", "2132897502", "2147088679", "2154273558", "2154984751", "2170193818", "2277303154", "2283691419", "2320471361", "2343908089", "2476451110", "2483415223", "2690800584", "2948134754" ], "abstract": "abstract the creation in the alps of networks of local political actors can be considered one of the most successful attempts to regionalize issues at a mountain range level this regionalization process began with the signing of the alpine convention in 1991 by the eight alpine countries austria france germany italy liechtenstein monaco slovenia and switzerland as well as the eu pan alpine networks of political actors are emblematically identified as the ambassadors of the alpine convention gotz and rohrer 2011 but why did local actors choose to adhere to these networks that emerged in the alps in the 1990s could this new way of connecting people and ideas beyond national borders result from a solid alpine identity and a strong adherence to the principles entailed in the alpine convention evidence from field work shows that some municipalities chose to seek solutions for issues within the alpine perimeter and to actively promote sustainable development via adherence to pan alpine networks of local actors that aim to solve local problems nevertheless this is not the only possible strategy for local problem solving nor does this approach necessarily lead to strong identification among municipalities within this perimeter based on an examination of three municipalities in the alps this article demonstrates that identities are a matter of choice and that a municipality s geographical position does not pre determine a particular political or social identity identities evolve over time and are pluralistic and alpine examples indeed show that socio political actors have multi layered identities pan alpine networks contribute to the emergence of a transnational governance system through the identification of certain local political actors with the alpine community of problems transcending national boundaries", "title_raw": "Investigating regional identities within the pan-Alpine governance system: The presence or absence of identification with a \u201ccommunity of problems\u201d among local political actors", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The creation in the Alps of networks of local political actors can be considered one of the most successful attempts to regionalize issues at a mountain-range level. This regionalization process began with the signing of the Alpine Convention in 1991 by the eight Alpine countries (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia and Switzerland), as well as the EU. Pan-alpine networks of political actors are emblematically identified as the \u201cambassadors of the Alpine Convention\u201d ( Gotz and Rohrer, 2011 ). But why did local actors choose to adhere to these networks that emerged in the Alps in the 1990s? Could this new way of connecting people and ideas beyond national borders result from a solid Alpine identity and a strong adherence to the principles entailed in the Alpine Convention? Evidence from field work shows that some municipalities chose to seek solutions for issues within the Alpine perimeter and to actively promote sustainable development via adherence to pan-Alpine networks of local actors that aim to solve local problems. Nevertheless, this is not the only possible strategy for local problem solving, nor does this approach necessarily lead to strong identification among municipalities within this perimeter. Based on an examination of three municipalities in the Alps, this article demonstrates that identities are a matter of choice and that a municipality's geographical position does not pre-determine a particular political or social identity. Identities evolve over time and are pluralistic and Alpine examples indeed show that socio-political actors have multi-layered identities. Pan-Alpine networks contribute to the emergence of a transnational governance system through the identification of certain local political actors with the \u201cAlpine community of problems\u201d transcending national boundaries." }, { "paper": "2331333760", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2015", "title": "life before congress using precongressional experience to assess competing explanations for political professionalism", "label": [ "30231744", "94625758", "90508534", "39549134", "2776050585" ], "author": [ "2347434775" ], "reference": [ "574799715", "1500243503", "1591634667", "1592453918", "1966743310", "1966861174", "1995803528", "2012799404", "2055172962", "2064907917", "2086642931", "2087235125", "2102145291", "2126204381", "2139577967", "2171153602", "2323575760", "2323785205", "2325517773", "2488302987", "2757016873", "2801404850", "3122049309", "3178210010" ], "abstract": "scholars have extensively studied career development inside the us house the political experiences of house members before their election to congress have received less scrutiny what work has been done relies on imprecise measures which suggest that members political experiences have changed little over time using original data i show that the amount of time spent in public office during the precongressional career increased by more than 40 between 1870 and 1944 to explain this increase i review competing explanations for career development inside the house and use matching to estimate their impact on precongressional political experience i find that two electoral system reforms the australian ballot and nominating primary were major drivers of increasing precongressional political experience these findings indicate that political professionalism was pervasive during this period and powerfully shaped by institutions that encourage members to emphasize their personal credentials rather than party", "title_raw": "Life before Congress: Using Precongressional Experience to Assess Competing Explanations for Political Professionalism", "abstract_raw": "Scholars have extensively studied career development inside the US House. The political experiences of House members before their election to Congress have received less scrutiny. What work has been done relies on imprecise measures which suggest that members\u2019 political experiences have changed little over time. Using original data, I show that the amount of time spent in public office during the precongressional career increased by more than 40% between 1870 and 1944. To explain this increase, I review competing explanations for career development inside the House and use matching to estimate their impact on precongressional political experience. I find that two electoral system reforms\u2014the Australian ballot and nominating primary\u2014were major drivers of increasing precongressional political experience. These findings indicate that political professionalism was pervasive during this period and powerfully shaped by institutions that encourage members to emphasize their personal credentials rather than party..." }, { "paper": "1966959827", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2015", "title": "changes in students choice determinants in poland a comparative study of tertiary business education between 2008 and 2013", "label": [ "120912362", "523056402", "206836424" ], "author": [ "2007569990", "2071835163", "2009608690" ], "reference": [ "58813100", "65729851", "144167111", "605022368", "971424563", "1499946883", "1512196165", "1512231554", "1576258793", "1965879427", "1966707146", "1976763705", "1988807505", "1991892559", "1995717116", "2019518939", "2021001167", "2022738881", "2034786819", "2040028915", "2050394561", "2052487256", "2056980716", "2061604771", "2071947643", "2073781997", "2085504981", "2098618542", "2111377315", "2119377964", "2130476976", "2418923624", "3081775788" ], "abstract": "for the last 20 years polish education faced turbulent changes first experiencing a rapid increase in the number of students and the dynamic growth of educational institutions and then facing the reverse trend of decreasing number of students and universities being closed down or facing serious financial problems furthermore forecasts for the next 10 years predict that most of the non public universities in poland will experience serious problems to survive in the market facing new challenges universities changed the way they think about their students and the customer oriented approach became the dominant management imperative for most of them ability to understand the reasons behind students tertiary education decisions emerged as a key issue in increasing enrollments predicting students choice determinants may be however more difficult than expected as those choices are dynamic and might change over time while the literature on the university choice factors is growing still little is evidenced with regard to the dynamism of the tertiary education decision making process and this article is aimed to contribute to filling this gap we identified that both aspects of students decision making process pursuing tertiary education and the choice of the particular university are a subject of change over time and might be conditioned on economic social and demographic changes of the given market", "title_raw": "Changes in students\u2019 choice determinants in Poland: a comparative study of tertiary business education between 2008 and 2013", "abstract_raw": "For the last 20\u00a0years Polish education faced turbulent changes, first experiencing a rapid increase in the number of students and the dynamic growth of educational institutions, and then facing the reverse trend of decreasing number of students and universities being closed down or facing serious financial problems. Furthermore, forecasts for the next 10\u00a0years predict that most of the non-public universities in Poland will experience serious problems to survive in the market. Facing new challenges, universities changed the way they think about their students and the customer-oriented approach became the dominant management imperative for most of them. Ability to understand the reasons behind students tertiary education decisions emerged as a key issue in increasing enrollments. Predicting students choice determinants may be however more difficult than expected as those choices are dynamic and might change over time. While the literature on the university choice factors is growing, still little is evidenced with regard to the dynamism of the tertiary education decision making process and this article is aimed to contribute to filling this gap. We identified that both aspects of students decision making process\u2014pursuing tertiary education and the choice of the particular university\u2014are a subject of change over time and might be conditioned on economic, social and demographic changes of the given market." }, { "paper": "2555297107", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2015", "title": "ancestors and antiretrovirals the biopolitics of hiv aids in post apartheid south africa", "label": [ "91724965" ], "author": [ "2308496202" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ancestors and Antiretrovirals: The Biopolitics of HIV/AIDS in Post-Apartheid South Africa:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3124294770", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2015", "title": "beyond the government versus the market debate how the complexity sciences should inform policy making", "label": [ "148834064", "109986646", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2642826104" ], "reference": [ "38304205", "94866041", "579640924", "628013286", "636964427", "641890144", "1549433288", "1560461844", "1969306485", "2079488191", "2231321067", "2317686343", "2618372035", "2740638019", "2992915569" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Beyond the \u201cGovernment-versus-the-Market\u201d Debate: How the Complexity Sciences Should Inform Policy Making", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2207584762", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2015", "title": "democracy with asian characteristics", "label": [ "2779442243", "555826173", "68346564", "76775654", "191935318", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2583792208" ], "reference": [ "125903043", "140448545", "568041306", "595448538", "606003653", "616698338", "623043281", "646684408", "1480255466", "1484040526", "1486012699", "1499140869", "1588407912", "1593736859", "1840589919", "1986949104", "1991147282", "1993043835", "1998150776", "2018883741", "2023239695", "2024615832", "2025358478", "2030118513", "2037917455", "2050383270", "2051058303", "2059123992", "2061608113", "2064892042", "2070579128", "2083675395", "2089687614", "2090890415", "2101924649", "2150300086", "2153246951", "2211265919", "2255488378", "2283279474", "2404336204", "2546264164", "2791842515", "2798100643", "2996147157" ], "abstract": "in the last three decades a number of asian thinkers supportive of or opposed to authoritarian rule have developed culture based theories of democracy that challenge or buttress a liberal western understanding of democratic rule the most famous expression was the asian values discourse of government linked intellectuals in singapore and malaysia but there has also been a political confucianist critique of western democracy in china as well as claims that only thai style democracy is appropriate in thailand less well known is a pro democratic stance in asia rooted in the region s major religious traditions these apparently contradictory discourses have been dialectically related in the post cold war era authoritarian rulers reacted to universalist claims about democracy with assertions of cultural particularism which in turn triggered a reaction by asian democrats who pointed to the liberal character of world religions practiced in the region while the civilizational critique of western democracy the origins of which can be traced to imperial germany and meiji japan has contributed to democratic decline in the region there has also been push back by offering an interpretation based on east asia s major religious traditions to show that asian values are not incompatible with democracy", "title_raw": "Democracy with Asian Characteristics", "abstract_raw": "In the last three decades, a number of Asian thinkers supportive of, or opposed to, authoritarian rule have developed culture-based theories of democracy that challenge, or buttress, a liberal, \u201cWestern\u201d understanding of democratic rule. The most famous expression was the \u201cAsian values\u201d discourse of government-linked intellectuals in Singapore and Malaysia, but there has also been a \u201cpolitical Confucianist\u201d critique of \u201cWestern democracy\u201d in China as well as claims that only \u201cThai-style democracy\u201d is appropriate in Thailand. Less well known is a pro-democratic stance in Asia rooted in the region's major religious traditions. These apparently contradictory discourses have been dialectically related in the post\u2013Cold War era: authoritarian rulers reacted to universalist claims about democracy with assertions of cultural particularism which, in turn, triggered a reaction by Asian democrats who pointed to the liberal character of world religions practiced in the region. While the civilizational critique of \u201cWestern\u201d democracy (the origins of which can be traced to Imperial Germany and Meiji Japan) has contributed to democratic decline in the region, there has also been push back by offering an interpretation based on East Asia's major religious traditions to show that \u201cAsian values\u201d are not incompatible with democracy." }, { "paper": "983944173", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2015", "title": "the real challenge in the pacific", "label": [ "42745283", "191935318", "2778676447", "135121143" ], "author": [ "2642573855" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a response to the article how to deter china by andrew krepinevich jr which appeared in the march april 2015 issue is presented topics include krepinevich s call for the u s to launch an archipelagic defense in the pacific that would station significant u s and allied ground forces in the first island chain and beyond the relative decline of u s military and economic hegemony in asia and a discussion of u s chinese relations incentives for the countries to work together and china s position as a rising great power", "title_raw": "The real challenge in the Pacific.", "abstract_raw": "A response to the article \"How To Deter China\" by Andrew Krepinevich Jr. which appeared in the March/April 2015 issue is presented. Topics include Krepinevich's call for the U.S. to launch an archipelagic defense in the Pacific that would station significant U.S. and allied ground forces in the first island chain and beyond; the relative decline of U.S. military and economic hegemony in Asia; and a discussion of U.S.-Chinese relations, incentives for the countries to work together, and China's position as a rising great power." }, { "paper": "259442020", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2015", "title": "exploring web 2 0 political engagement is new technology reducing the biases of political participation", "label": [ "94625758", "2776129789", "2779838221", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2128856599" ], "reference": [ "658255010", "1566177007", "1660540534", "1967676842", "1971226458", "1999094712", "1999774168", "2005490257", "2009666521", "2010874224", "2026282293", "2031340404", "2031826299", "2032310234", "2033198212", "2035534527", "2068221878", "2068950776", "2074334905", "2079955265", "2091379279", "2100347631", "2105275777", "2110959380", "2125086802", "2125202429", "2127081335", "2129625589", "2130402295", "2130926280", "2138686265", "2145496416", "2151544484", "2157767588", "2169469303", "2170253076", "2188890730", "2893679420", "3123385240" ], "abstract": "this article explores the relationship between political participation taking place on online social networking websites defined as cyber participation and turnout in the 2008 u s presidential election and the 2010 u s midterm election the paper presents two studies the first using data from the 2008 pew internet american life project survey and the second using data from the 2010 pew internet american life project each study is conducted in two parts the first part identifies who is utilizing social networking websites as political participation tools the second then examines the association between these forms of cyber participation and turnout in order to demonstrate that cyber participation has a positive effect on turnout findings suggest 1 younger individuals are more likely to utilize cyber participation 2 traditional predictors of participation are not correlated with cyber participation and 3 people who engage in cyber participation are more likely to turnout to vote", "title_raw": "Exploring Web 2.0 political engagement: Is new technology reducing the biases of political participation?", "abstract_raw": "This article explores the relationship between political participation taking place on online social networking websites, defined as \u201ccyber participation,\u201d and turnout in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election and the 2010 U.S. Midterm Election. The paper presents two studies, the first using data from the 2008 Pew Internet & American Life Project survey and the second using data from the 2010 Pew Internet & American Life Project. Each study is conducted in two parts. The first part identifies who is utilizing social networking websites as political participation tools. The second then examines the association between these forms of cyber participation and turnout in order to demonstrate that cyber participation has a positive effect on turnout. Findings suggest, 1) younger individuals are more likely to utilize cyber participation, 2) traditional predictors of participation are not correlated with cyber participation, and 3) people who engage in cyber participation are more likely to turnout to vote." }, { "paper": "2320824884", "venue": "160686149", "year": "2016", "title": "judicial independence and political uncertainty how the risk of override affects the court of justice of the eu", "label": [ "83009810", "79638320", "2778506969", "171460291", "2777632292", "199539241", "63143784" ], "author": [ "2439103103", "253869417" ], "reference": [ "1263303", "30384937", "77487120", "193276848", "403755260", "602704444", "608014366", "647912764", "651279005", "1529552614", "1552219976", "1570633368", "1577097102", "1587375510", "1600958356", "1745008386", "1963553654", "1977928966", "1978695724", "1993317925", "2003573179", "2037486681", "2044501229", "2057530055", "2059507723", "2095838103", "2100842914", "2108511148", "2115239379", "2118670899", "2121275048", "2124651012", "2125328317", "2126653624", "2128180755", "2129092742", "2135691100", "2157253041", "2157778887", "2159171515", "2159622606", "2160375265", "2160993206", "2170002663", "2170541748", "2171610576", "2192682570", "2251896303", "2280449740", "2315420650", "2321826278", "2326939140", "2497536736", "2501085673", "2730480726", "2904531707", "3121208847", "3121442675", "3122230989", "3122624685", "3122838873", "3122919266", "3123049357", "3123717017", "3123737569", "3124406351", "3125750141", "3125801840", "3125895025", "3125987907", "3126019823", "3126039551" ], "abstract": "there is broad agreement in the literature that international courts ics make decisions with bounded discretion in relation to state governments however the scope of this discretion and the determinants of its boundaries are highly contested in particular the central mechanism in separation of powers models of judicial politics the possibility of legislative override has raised controversy we argue that the uncertainty that judges face regarding the political reactions to their decisions has important and undertheorized implications for their behavior on the one hand cautious judges are likely to be attentive to signals that contain information about the probability of an unfavorable override on the other hand misjudgments of the political risks are likely to be made thus the possibility of override is a significant factor affecting judicial behavior but it is also a fairly blunt mechanism for balancing the independence and accountability of courts the empirical study focuses on the court of justice of the european union cjeu which has long been at the center of theory development regarding the legalization of world politics and the rise of international courts the results demonstrate a strong correlation between the cjeu s rulings and the political signals it receives in a pattern that goes beyond legal merit and that fits with the override mechanism state governments are crucial parts of the broader audience that defines the political boundaries of judicial discretion", "title_raw": "Judicial Independence and Political Uncertainty: How the Risk of Override Affects the Court of Justice of the EU", "abstract_raw": "There is broad agreement in the literature that international courts (ICs) make decisions with bounded discretion in relation to state governments. However, the scope of this discretion, and the determinants of its boundaries, are highly contested. In particular, the central mechanism in separation-of-powers models of judicial politics\u2014the possibility of legislative override\u2014has raised controversy. We argue that the uncertainty that judges face regarding the political reactions to their decisions has important and undertheorized implications for their behavior. On the one hand, cautious judges are likely to be attentive to signals that contain information about the probability of an unfavorable override. On the other hand, misjudgments of the political risks are likely to be made. Thus, the possibility of override is a significant factor affecting judicial behavior, but it is also a fairly blunt mechanism for balancing the independence and accountability of courts. The empirical study focuses on the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which has long been at the center of theory development regarding the legalization of world politics and the rise of international courts. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the CJEU's rulings and the political signals it receives, in a pattern that goes beyond legal merit, and that fits with the override mechanism. State governments are crucial parts of the broader audience that defines the political boundaries of judicial discretion." }, { "paper": "2528061384", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2016", "title": "the immunity of states diplomats and international organizations in employment disputes the new human rights dilemma", "label": [ "169437150", "86615163" ], "author": [ "2243130651" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Immunity of States, Diplomats and International Organizations in Employment Disputes: The New Human Rights Dilemma?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2543411145", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "isis lone wolf strategy", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "1911864334" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "ISIS' Lone-Wolf Strategy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2791463330", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2016", "title": "reclassifying conflict narratives in the israeli news media", "label": [ "529147693" ], "author": [ "2252033184", "2032627006", "2345813437" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reclassifying conflict narratives in the Israeli news media", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2333358386", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2016", "title": "struggling up the hill short term effects of parties contacting political news and everyday talks on turnout", "label": [ "201280247", "2779838221", "529147693", "94625758", "90508534" ], "author": [ "169882029" ], "reference": [ "89077777", "1484908917", "1512096531", "1607322693", "1988942345", "2017136068", "2024962533", "2035638185", "2044040114", "2069550422", "2076182081", "2089254087", "2117957083", "2140025736", "2152264867", "2159623852", "2312640129", "2487789571", "2617509154" ], "abstract": "this paper examines the effects of three main forms of campaign communication on voter turnout in the 2013 german federal election party contact the news media s political coverage and everyday political discussions our study is innovative in that it uses panel data to reduce the problems of endogeneity and examines the impact of each information source controlling for the other two the results show that media exposure via broadsheet newspapers is the strongest stimulus to turnout followed by parties mediated electioneering efforts we also find that under certain conditions exposure to information sources can also demobilize voters", "title_raw": "Struggling up the hill: Short-term effects of parties\u2019 contacting, political news and everyday talks on turnout", "abstract_raw": "This paper examines the effects of three main forms of campaign communication on voter turnout in the 2013 German Federal Election \u2013 party contact, the news media\u2019s political coverage and everyday political discussions. Our study is innovative in that it uses panel data to reduce the problems of endogeneity and examines the impact of each information source controlling for the other two. The results show that media exposure via broadsheet newspapers is the strongest stimulus to turnout, followed by parties\u2019 mediated electioneering efforts. We also find that under certain conditions, exposure to information sources can also demobilize voters." }, { "paper": "1497979674", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2016", "title": "the life and death of new political parties in the low countries", "label": [ "94625758", "199539241", "2781440851", "502581569", "513891491", "45184978" ], "author": [ "2298702329", "2519219921", "2670010040" ], "reference": [ "56595803", "72800042", "240272875", "432091001", "614935570", "1500120523", "1587217768", "1815799033", "1969523524", "1985845936", "2019193210", "2032993065", "2041787501", "2042014858", "2058377635", "2079066024", "2086904850", "2086933323", "2103633838", "2114135132", "2138345795", "2142907129", "2151644732", "2153005006", "2165274443", "2333602448", "2481797967", "2493183810", "2499765631", "2555814131", "2620506984", "3129137569" ], "abstract": "numerous new parties have emerged since voters became less loyal to established political parties a number of these survived and have been analysed intensely especially green and radical right parties many other new parties disappeared and have been neglected by party research this article analyses the fate of all 30 political parties that entered parliament in the netherlands or belgium between 1950 and 2003 qualitative comparative analysis is used to identify characteristics of both surviving and disappeared new parties conditions related to party origin roots in civil society organisational newness initial programmatic profile are scrutinised as are conditions pertaining to the party s developmental process party organisational strength and the occurrence of defections or party splits surviving parties are characterised by strong rooted organisations that have not suffered defections most disappeared parties lacked a strong organisation and roots and have experienced shocks that they co", "title_raw": "The Life and Death of New Political Parties in the Low Countries", "abstract_raw": "Numerous new parties have emerged since voters became less loyal to established political parties. A number of these survived and have been analysed intensely, especially green and radical right parties; many other new parties disappeared and have been neglected by party research. This article analyses the fate of all 30 political parties that entered parliament in the Netherlands or Belgium between 1950 and 2003. Qualitative comparative analysis is used to identify characteristics of both surviving and disappeared new parties. Conditions related to party origin (roots in civil society, organisational newness, initial programmatic profile) are scrutinised, as are conditions pertaining to the party\u2019s developmental process (party organisational strength and the occurrence of defections or party splits). Surviving parties are characterised by strong, rooted organisations that have not suffered defections. Most disappeared parties lacked a strong organisation and roots and have experienced shocks that they co..." }, { "paper": "2512464541", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2016", "title": "the first one wins distilling the primacy effect", "label": [ "94625758", "2777094542" ], "author": [ "1759010330", "2203560062" ], "reference": [ "199238147", "614935570", "1484653075", "1580288159", "1583059663", "1685660022", "1952992973", "1965005965", "1967895397", "1972655304", "1976876708", "1979073566", "1986268263", "1986582636", "1988106095", "1992922118", "1995671276", "2015505435", "2022298700", "2023218010", "2026136470", "2049296298", "2049987261", "2061505878", "2062306236", "2065775778", "2071337734", "2083708935", "2099472831", "2123981973", "2139709268", "2145506979", "2149355000", "2204621010", "2319249448", "2340762782", "2408935694", "2529967407", "2895183610", "3121797019" ], "abstract": "research has shown that in proportional flexible list systems ballot list position influences electoral success in this paper we investigate to what extent this is due to the primacy effect a psychological bias towards the first option in a list we also examine alternative explanations such as the electoral beneficial traits these candidates share and extra media coverage they receive using data from the 2014 belgian elections we find that candidates with higher ballot list positions indeed score better because they have more political experience and receive more media attention we also find strong evidence for the primacy effect which is caused by a confirmation bias as well as ballot list position being the easiest heuristic for voters", "title_raw": "The first one wins: Distilling the primacy effect", "abstract_raw": "Research has shown that in proportional, flexible list systems, ballot list position influences electoral success. In this paper we investigate to what extent this is due to the primacy effect, a psychological bias towards the first option in a list. We also examine alternative explanations such as the electoral beneficial traits these candidates share and extra media coverage they receive. Using data from the 2014 Belgian elections, we find that candidates with higher ballot list positions indeed score better because they have more political experience and receive more media attention. We also find strong evidence for the primacy effect which is caused by a confirmation bias as well as ballot list position being the easiest heuristic for voters." }, { "paper": "3122353893", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2016", "title": "too vast to succeed", "label": [ "46355384", "548445021", "2778348171", "2777886440", "2778985074", "2776007630", "2776841582", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2124668867" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "too vast to succeedtoo big to jail how prosecutors compromise with corporations by brandon l garrett cambridge and london harvard university press 2014 pp ix 365 29 95 introductionif sunlight is in justice brandeis s words the best of disinfectants 1 then brandon garrett s2 latest book too big to jail how prosecutors compromise with corporations might best be conceptualized as a heroic attempt to apply judicious amounts of lysol to the murky world of federal corporate prosecutions how prosecutors compromise with corporations is the book s neutral sounding secondary title but even casual readers will quickly realize that garrett means that prosecutors compromise too much with corporations in part because they fear the collateral consequences of a corporation s criminal indictment 3 through an innovation known as the deferred prosecution agreement or dpa 4 prosecutors reach extrajudicial contractual agreements with corporations although prosecutors have long touted the transformative potential of these agreements garrett concludes that their benefits are often superficial and short lived pp 149 50 moreover prosecutors negotiate these compromises with little oversight or accountability p 2 even worse this overly softapproach toward entities has infected prosecutorial resolve to prosecute individual offenders pp 83 84 thereby enabling corporate managers to escape liability for their criminal wrongdoing chapter four no wonder then that garrett perceives a grievous accountability gap in the corporate crime landscape one can hardly fault garrett for questioning the substance and procedures underlying the corporate dpa the name itself is a bit of a misnomer 5 the typical agreement neither portends a true deferral of criminal charges nor reflects any intention on the part of the government to prosecute its signatory to the contrary in most if not all cases it represents an agreement not to prosecute the entity ever provided the entity fulfills a number of conditions including the payment of fines provision of cooperation in subsequent investigations and the implementation of a variety of internal governance reforms 6as garrett observes dpas are highly variable their contents differ often with little explanation or justification p 48 some agreements extract significant concessions from the corporate offender regarding its governance structure and daily business activities while others do not p 48 some require external monitoring and verification while others rely on disclosures generated internally by the corporation p 48 moreover nothing within the dpa process itself measures much less guarantees the efficacy of these reforms p 279 although the federal government likes to take credit for transforming corporate america 7 it has as garrett points out offered fairly little evidence substantiating its rosy claims 8to prove his points garrett vividly retells numerous corporate criminal scandals from arthur andersen s shredding of documents pp 19 20 to siemens s bribing of numerous foreign officials pp 1 3 and intersperses these anecdotal accounts with data culled from his review of over 255 dpa agreements he and the university of virginia law school library have collected and maintained pp 295 301 at first glance one might mistake this book as yet another attack on corporate and government elites but embedded in garrett s book is a more sophisticated reform argument portions of which garrett and others have previewed elsewhere 9 troubled by what he perceives as a federal reluctance to come down hard enough on corporate offenders garrett seeks to upend the dpa process altogether in lieu of dpas and similar compromise agreements corporate indictments should become the norm p 274 following the entity s indictment judges should supervise corporate plea agreements and articulate lengthier and more demanding internal governance reforms pp", "title_raw": "Too Vast to Succeed", "abstract_raw": "TOO VAST TO SUCCEEDTOO BIG TO JAIL: HOW PROSECUTORS COMPROMISE WITH CORPORATIONS. By Brandon L. Garrett. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press. 2014. Pp. ix, 365. $29.95.INTRODUCTIONIf sunlight is, in Justice Brandeis's words, \"the best of disinfectants,\"1 then Brandon Garrett's2 latest book, Too Big to Jail: How Prosecutors Compromise with Corporations might best be conceptualized as a heroic attempt to apply judicious amounts of Lysol to the murky world of federal corporate prosecutions.\"How Prosecutors Compromise with Corporations\" is the book's neutral- sounding secondary title, but even casual readers will quickly realize that Garrett means that prosecutors compromise too much with corporations, in part because they fear the collateral consequences of a corporation's criminal indictment.3 Through an innovation known as the Deferred Prosecution Agreement, or DPA,4 prosecutors reach extrajudicial contractual agreements with corporations. Although prosecutors have long touted the transformative potential of these agreements, Garrett concludes that their benefits are often superficial and short-lived (pp. 149-50). Moreover, prosecutors negotiate these compromises with little oversight or accountability (p. 2). Even worse, this overly softapproach toward entities has infected prosecutorial resolve to prosecute individual offenders (pp. 83-84), thereby enabling corporate managers to escape liability for their criminal wrongdoing (Chapter Four). No wonder, then, that Garrett perceives a grievous accountability gap in the corporate crime landscape.One can hardly fault Garrett for questioning the substance and procedures underlying the corporate DPA. The name itself is a bit of a misnomer.5 The typical agreement neither portends a true \"deferral\" of criminal charges, nor reflects any intention on the part of the government to prosecute its signatory. To the contrary, in most if not all cases, it represents an agreement not to prosecute the entity ever, provided the entity fulfills a number of conditions, including the payment of fines, provision of cooperation in subsequent investigations, and the implementation of a variety of internal governance reforms.6As Garrett observes, DPAs are highly variable; their contents differ, often with little explanation or justification (p. 48). Some agreements extract significant concessions from the corporate offender regarding its governance structure and daily business activities, while others do not (p. 48). Some require external monitoring and verification, while others rely on disclosures generated internally by the corporation (p. 48). Moreover, nothing within the DPA process itself measures, much less guarantees, the efficacy of these reforms (p. 279). Although the federal government likes to take credit for transforming corporate America,7 it has, as Garrett points out, offered fairly little evidence substantiating its rosy claims.8To prove his points, Garrett vividly retells numerous corporate criminal scandals-from Arthur Andersen's shredding of documents (pp. 19-20) to Siemens's bribing of numerous foreign officials (pp. 1-3)-and intersperses these anecdotal accounts with data culled from his review of over 255 DPA agreements he and the University of Virginia Law School library have collected and maintained (pp. 295-301).At first glance, one might mistake this book as yet another attack on corporate and government elites, but embedded in Garrett's book is a more sophisticated reform argument, portions of which Garrett and others have previewed elsewhere.9 Troubled by what he perceives as a federal reluctance to come down hard enough on corporate offenders, Garrett seeks to upend the DPA process altogether. In lieu of DPAs and similar compromise agreements, corporate indictments should become the norm (p. 274). Following the entity's indictment, judges should supervise corporate plea agreements and articulate lengthier and more demanding internal governance reforms (pp. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2293243579", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2016", "title": "how does prolific professors influence on the citation impact of their university departments", "label": [ "2778793908" ], "author": [ "2493496926", "2719960386", "2011045450" ], "reference": [ "1493202602", "1522308784", "1525841777", "1967287367", "1970411937", "1970957065", "1992834492", "2000377089", "2004777070", "2026052208", "2029989434", "2047000140", "2049245574", "2088209891", "2088334898", "2090960911", "2092142860", "2093358152", "2093491347", "2093689166", "2101756086", "2111741784", "2132025980", "2140289011", "2146117914", "2161755418", "2166055197", "2463095032", "2786907882" ], "abstract": "professors and associate professors professors in full time positions are key personnel in the scientific activity of university departments both in conducting their own research and in their roles as project leaders and mentors to younger researchers typically this group of personnel also contributes significantly to the publication output of the departments although there are also major contributions by other staff e g phd students postdocs guest researchers students and retired personnel the scientific productivity is however very skewed at the level of individuals also for professors where a small fraction of the professors typically account for a large share of the publications in this study we investigate how the productivity profile of a department i e the level of symmetrical asymmetrical productivity among professors influences on the citation impact of their departments the main focus is on contributions made by the most productive professors the findings imply that the impact of the most productive professors differs by scientific field and the degree of productivity skewness of their departments nevertheless the overall impact of the most productive professors on their departments citation impact is modest", "title_raw": "How does prolific professors influence on the citation impact of their university departments", "abstract_raw": "Professors and associate professors (\"professors\") in full-time positions are key personnel in the scientific activity of university departments, both in conducting their own research and in their roles as project leaders and mentors to younger researchers. Typically, this group of personnel also contributes significantly to the publication output of the departments, although there are also major contributions by other staff (e.g. PhD-students, postdocs, guest researchers, students and retired personnel). The scientific productivity is however, very skewed at the level of individuals, also for professors, where a small fraction of the professors, typically account for a large share of the publications. In this study, we investigate how the productivity profile of a department (i.e. the level of symmetrical/asymmetrical productivity among professors) influences on the citation impact of their departments. The main focus is on contributions made by the most productive professors. The findings imply that the impact of the most productive professors differs by scientific field and the degree of productivity skewness of their departments. Nevertheless, the overall impact of the most productive professors on their departments' citation impact is modest." }, { "paper": "2515503976", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2016", "title": "in defense of the terror liberty or death in the french revolution", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2705487836" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "In Defense of the Terror: Liberty or Death in the French Revolution.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2473334882", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2016", "title": "examining the development of judicial independence", "label": [ "199539241", "79638320", "2776847301" ], "author": [ "1992405380", "263351789", "2603314325" ], "reference": [ "651279005", "1487898597", "1518183968", "1523268308", "1533486137", "1535643370", "1537646239", "1973157631", "1985304912", "1994583446", "2005474264", "2010694081", "2016979187", "2021266979", "2036397211", "2063560144", "2070588988", "2076103789", "2076330498", "2082442523", "2088239637", "2091836603", "2104192288", "2111458588", "2113932437", "2114995993", "2124072747", "2130406907", "2133582247", "2138660188", "2150592526", "2151780178", "2163811431", "2164540423", "2167316762", "2315125562", "2317279970", "2319131327", "2321561484", "2332153180", "2332595127", "2887493336", "3023623894", "3121881150", "3196155844" ], "abstract": "scholars who examine judicial independence offer various theories regarding its development some argue that it serves as a type of insurance for regimes who believe their majority status is in jeopardy other scholars argue that insurance theory does not offer an adequate explanation until states democratize we argue that part of the explanation for these mixed results involves the inadequacy of insurance theory as a complete explanation our paper develops a multidimensional theory that focuses on the interplay of constraints on ruling elites derived from levels of political competition within the government the potential for social competition within the state and regime type we test our argument using a dataset of approximately 145 countries over forty years and our results support the argument that development of judicial independence is related to the political landscape encountered by the executive ethnic fractionalization in the state political competition and regime type each has a condit", "title_raw": "Examining the Development of Judicial Independence", "abstract_raw": "Scholars who examine judicial independence offer various theories regarding its development. Some argue that it serves as a type of insurance for regimes who believe their majority status is in jeopardy. Other scholars argue that insurance theory does not offer an adequate explanation until states democratize. We argue that part of the explanation for these mixed results involves the inadequacy of insurance theory as a complete explanation. Our paper develops a multidimensional theory that focuses on the interplay of constraints on ruling elites derived from levels of political competition within the government, the potential for social competition within the state, and regime type. We test our argument using a dataset of approximately 145 countries over forty years, and our results support the argument that development of judicial independence is related to the political landscape encountered by the executive. Ethnic fractionalization in the state, political competition, and regime type each has a condit..." }, { "paper": "2232765448", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2016", "title": "neglected tropical diseases in the sustainable development goals", "label": [ "46578552", "552854447", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2170721940" ], "reference": [ "2132745166", "2412247133" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Neglected tropical diseases in the Sustainable Development Goals", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2486081284", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2016", "title": "confirmation wars legislative time and collateral damage the impact of supreme court nominations on presidential success in the u s senate", "label": [ "2775925287", "197487636", "2778521920", "2778272461", "199539241", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2175339266", "2007687573", "2167292480" ], "reference": [ "580274946", "606713509", "1532402826", "1580899010", "1599344197", "1604611898", "1784568916", "1971321552", "1974772851", "1986704092", "1989883853", "2018291456", "2020208015", "2023609939", "2031804010", "2037219431", "2038123798", "2071333405", "2078205137", "2083620364", "2083687779", "2083730534", "2086080385", "2091233241", "2105516559", "2106305643", "2123565796", "2134243075", "2157040345", "2157662721", "2168821631", "2314625044", "2321372108", "2324226300", "2332314449", "2333934924", "2886376547", "3122120367", "3122560905" ], "abstract": "presidents often see a supreme court nomination as an opportunity to leave a lasting mark on policy recent studies speculate that focusing on supreme court nominees affects presidential success beyond the confirmation process but this has not been established systematically we develop and test a hypothesis stating that presidents who get into a battle to promote a controversial supreme court nominee will see delays and failures in their efforts to promote their legislative agenda in the senate and fill lower level judicial vacancies we test our theory using data on presidential policy agenda items from 1967 to 2010 and lower level judicial nominations from 1977 to 2010 we find that increased efforts in promoting confirmation reduce the likelihood of timely senate approval of important policy proposals and nominees to federal district courts", "title_raw": "Confirmation Wars, Legislative Time, and Collateral Damage The Impact of Supreme Court Nominations on Presidential Success in the U.S. Senate", "abstract_raw": "Presidents often see a Supreme Court nomination as an opportunity to leave a lasting mark on policy. Recent studies speculate that focusing on Supreme Court nominees affects presidential success beyond the confirmation process, but this has not been established systematically. We develop and test a hypothesis stating that presidents who get into a battle to promote a controversial Supreme Court nominee will see delays and failures in their efforts to promote their legislative agenda in the Senate and fill lower level judicial vacancies. We test our theory using data on presidential policy agenda items from 1967 to 2010 and lower level judicial nominations from 1977 to 2010. We find that increased efforts in promoting confirmation reduce the likelihood of timely Senate approval of important policy proposals and nominees to federal district courts." }, { "paper": "2166922903", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2016", "title": "what the demolition of public housing teaches us about the impact of racial threat on political behavior", "label": [ "520049643", "533584247", "2779838221", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2118986695" ], "reference": [ "587244346", "645971168", "650999082", "1502870332", "1516772677", "1540157508", "1547588480", "1930197664", "1938827953", "1949770940", "1977825494", "1988029429", "1988874185", "1988973212", "1992030358", "1995297713", "2002270146", "2005455000", "2011836317", "2012073858", "2017014848", "2029675355", "2032870567", "2034328075", "2035809654", "2037787733", "2044658731", "2047331304", "2060425764", "2078185799", "2078535546", "2078646629", "2081975226", "2090799431", "2096684396", "2098940738", "2104747986", "2107287470", "2117891890", "2127302040", "2129677574", "2130405168", "2133784261", "2137591322", "2137794218", "2138384787", "2139577967", "2144637173", "2144956506", "2146799161", "2150840523", "2152357681", "2154668020", "2157995769", "2158142836", "2159123627", "2161942246", "2163362748", "2169469303", "2269612839", "2319649222", "2324656367", "2337896989", "2339740280", "2345472892", "2480645051", "2489165867", "3123871331", "3125781151", "3139820797", "3152251832" ], "abstract": "how does the context in which a person lives affect his or her political behavior i exploit an event in which demographic context was exogenously changed leading to a significant change in voters behavior and demonstrating that voters react strongly to changes in an outgroup population between 2000 and 2004 the reconstruction of public housing in chicago caused the displacement of over 25 000 african americans many of whom had previously lived in close proximity to white voters after the removal of their african american neighbors the white voters turnout dropped by over 10 percentage points consistent with psychological theories of racial threat their change in behavior was a function of the size and proximity of the outgroup population proximity was also related to increased voting for conservative candidates these findings strongly suggest that racial threat occurs because of attitude change rather than selection", "title_raw": "What the Demolition of Public Housing Teaches Us about the Impact of Racial Threat on Political Behavior", "abstract_raw": "How does the context in which a person lives affect his or her political behavior? I exploit an event in which demographic context was exogenously changed, leading to a significant change in voters' behavior and demonstrating that voters react strongly to changes in an outgroup population. Between 2000 and 2004, the reconstruction of public housing in Chicago caused the displacement of over 25,000 African Americans, many of whom had previously lived in close proximity to white voters. After the removal of their African American neighbors, the white voters' turnout dropped by over 10 percentage points. Consistent with psychological theories of racial threat, their change in behavior was a function of the size and proximity of the outgroup population. Proximity was also related to increased voting for conservative candidates. These findings strongly suggest that racial threat occurs because of attitude change rather than selection." }, { "paper": "2300612349", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2016", "title": "history and policy please think responsibly", "label": [ "2776051254", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2162147807", "2466031486" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the power of the past a stellar collection of essays edited by hal brands and jeremi suri shows how loosely politicians use history intentionally and unintentionally", "title_raw": "History and Policy: Please Think Responsibly", "abstract_raw": "The Power of the Past, a stellar collection of essays edited by Hal Brands and Jeremi Suri, shows how loosely politicians use history, intentionally and unintentionally." }, { "paper": "2405883886", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2016", "title": "external subsidies and lasting peace", "label": [ "201670107", "183761623", "84265765", "58250639", "2779683958", "138232368", "21711469" ], "author": [ "2106359277", "2508557999" ], "reference": [ "573382027", "1527836078", "1553402938", "1574034044", "1961646624", "1973381819", "1981671671", "1993054312", "1994378201", "1996651594", "2010468892", "2031719509", "2045564168", "2046463988", "2047156377", "2059225194", "2063965244", "2081566624", "2095456486", "2099304543", "2101940172", "2109641709", "2109736130", "2112144739", "2112756924", "2118613808", "2129548459", "2130058159", "2133118344", "2134114273", "2136300627", "2137091439", "2142822385", "2143085231", "2144867725", "2146311774", "2150148355", "2154070668", "2158185928", "2163278002", "2165558159", "2166463199", "2167046551", "2327769971", "2329258037", "2341011676", "3121421445", "3121712097", "3123985005", "3125340672" ], "abstract": "third parties are thought to face a trade off in that those actions most likely to bring peace in the short run appear least likely to ensure its long run stability yet the trade off between conflict management and conflict resolution may be overstated analyzing an iterated three player bargaining model with both information and commitment problems we first demonstrate two conditions under which third parties may produce lasting peace through conditional subsidies even without addressing underlying informational or commitment problems second we illustrate this possibility by analyzing the impact of us foreign aid on patterns of conflict and peace between israel and her neighbors our analysis indicates that the termination of the rivalry between israel and egypt was most likely not brought about by the camp david accords or peacekeeping operations but by sustained foreign aid provision we discuss the implications for both this conflict and conflict management more broadly", "title_raw": "External Subsidies and Lasting Peace", "abstract_raw": "Third parties are thought to face a trade-off in that those actions most likely to bring peace in the short run appear least likely to ensure its long-run stability. Yet the trade-off between conflict management and conflict resolution may be overstated. Analyzing an iterated three-player bargaining model with both information and commitment problems, we first demonstrate two conditions under which third parties may produce lasting peace through conditional subsidies, even without addressing underlying informational or commitment problems. Second, we illustrate this possibility by analyzing the impact of US foreign aid on patterns of conflict and peace between Israel and her neighbors. Our analysis indicates that the termination of the rivalry between Israel and Egypt was most likely not brought about by the Camp David accords or peacekeeping operations, but by sustained foreign aid provision. We discuss the implications for both this conflict and conflict management more broadly." }, { "paper": "2167112069", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2016", "title": "how politicians discount the opinions of constituents with whom they disagree", "label": [ "2776398702", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2138568320", "2734632085" ], "reference": [ "67302779", "121992860", "186928446", "199238147", "411635311", "436149066", "572605069", "601121589", "648310587", "1481749143", "1537315711", "1575445690", "1594936623", "1963665967", "1966114254", "1977825494", "2018678655", "2018678874", "2018692591", "2023543205", "2046782908", "2060583458", "2073354201", "2073675482", "2080289065", "2091691208", "2095421991", "2119298903", "2124751389", "2129316107", "2129345644", "2129902528", "2131379912", "2137441478", "2140622227", "2141460585", "2145086645", "2146006411", "2146093036", "2148141426", "2149893809", "2150403403", "2157072336", "2164540423", "2168333187", "2182443047", "2312785004", "2324601570", "2324794302", "2326134590", "2502941689", "2802121678", "3123571579", "3124074136", "3125379454" ], "abstract": "we argue that politicians systematically discount the opinions of constituents with whom they disagree and that this disagreement discounting is a contributing factor to ideological incongruence a pair of survey experiments where state and local politicians are the subjects of interest show that public officials rationalize this behavior by assuming that constituents with opposing views are less informed about the issue this finding applies both to well established issues that divide the parties as well as to nonpartisan ones further it cannot be explained by politicians desires to favor the opinions of either copartisans or likely voters a third survey experiment using a sample of voters shows that the bias is exacerbated by an activity central to representative governance taking and explaining one s policy positions this suggests that the job of being a representative exacerbates this bias abstract from author", "title_raw": "How Politicians Discount the Opinions of Constituents with Whom They Disagree", "abstract_raw": "We argue that politicians systematically discount the opinions of constituents with whom they disagree and that this 'disagreement discounting' is a contributing factor to ideological incongruence. A pair of survey experiments where state and local politicians are the subjects of interest show that public officials rationalize this behavior by assuming that constituents with opposing views are less informed about the issue. This finding applies both to well-established issues that divide the parties as well as to nonpartisan ones. Further, it cannot be explained by politicians' desires to favor the opinions of either copartisans or likely voters. A third survey experiment using a sample of voters shows that the bias is exacerbated by an activity central to representative governance-taking and explaining one's policy positions. This suggests that the job of being a representative exacerbates this bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]" }, { "paper": "2507209170", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2016", "title": "localized legacies of civil war postwar violent crime in northern ireland", "label": [ "81631423" ], "author": [ "2899526091" ], "reference": [ "157719343", "177879470", "221837080", "790286660", "1575307204", "1597050853", "1978079830", "1991829326", "2001980201", "2005343548", "2006337450", "2011663411", "2028595621", "2037792637", "2038578742", "2047336521", "2047935616", "2055654920", "2065577733", "2082214611", "2090432616", "2094304338", "2115788769", "2119977277", "2124124195", "2125166468", "2127734063", "2133488942", "2145866796", "2147286789", "2147803265", "2149275338", "2151796435", "2154625471", "2159167535", "2165850863", "2166207369", "2182790836", "2189425982", "2189821821", "2255686751", "2306908929", "2753666478", "2804314530", "3034331286", "3125617973" ], "abstract": "this study explores the local effects of internal armed conflict on postwar violent crime in northern ireland it argues that exposure to wartime violence will lead to higher levels of violent crim", "title_raw": "Localized legacies of civil war: Postwar violent crime in Northern Ireland", "abstract_raw": "This study explores the local effects of internal armed conflict on postwar violent crime in Northern Ireland. It argues that exposure to wartime violence will lead to higher levels of violent crim ..." }, { "paper": "2436125894", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2016", "title": "the departed deportations and out migration among latino immigrants in north carolina after the great recession", "label": [ "70036468", "2779101040", "2779297142", "60961049", "2779777834", "158886217" ], "author": [ "2044796997", "2059123851" ], "reference": [ "600972880", "1492265539", "1505603402", "1910297474", "1976788164", "2003237506", "2015029146", "2043516629", "2047600640", "2064848674", "2064938847", "2076147879", "2093026510", "2100295562", "2109786559", "2120506784", "2126419631", "2129135300", "2132138085", "2134381504", "2140189633", "2149686900", "2154050474", "2167829191", "2184071805", "2333646511", "2336091584", "2464312553", "3016772611" ], "abstract": "this article explores the impact of the 2007 recession and immigration enforcement policies on latin american immigrants out migration from the durham north carolina area a new immigrant destination drawing on an original ethnosurvey collected in 2011 the analysis assesses the extent of out migration over time what precipitated the move and whether individuals returned to their country of origin or migrated within the united states we find that out migration more than doubled after the 2007 recession and that migrants overwhelmingly returned to their home countries while family considerations and accidents accounted for most of the departures before the recession economic considerations became the dominant drivers of out migration after 2007 deportations also grew in number but accounted for a negligible share of all out migration departures were more prevalent among immigrants from mexico and those with lower educational attainment latin american migration especially from mexico continues", "title_raw": "The Departed: Deportations and Out-Migration among Latino Immigrants in North Carolina after the Great Recession", "abstract_raw": "This article explores the impact of the 2007 recession and immigration enforcement policies on Latin American immigrants\u2019 out-migration from the Durham, North Carolina, area\u2014a new immigrant destination. Drawing on an original ethnosurvey collected in 2011, the analysis assesses the extent of out-migration over time, what precipitated the move, and whether individuals returned to their country of origin or migrated within the United States. We find that out-migration more than doubled after the 2007 recession and that migrants overwhelmingly returned to their home countries. While family considerations and accidents accounted for most of the departures before the recession, economic considerations became the dominant drivers of out-migration after 2007. Deportations also grew in number but accounted for a negligible share of all out-migration. Departures were more prevalent among immigrants from Mexico and those with lower educational attainment. Latin American migration, especially from Mexico, continues ..." }, { "paper": "2236281119", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2016", "title": "memory and transitional justice in argentina and uruguay by fracesca lessa", "label": [ "2779621654" ], "author": [ "2710045949" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "francesca lessa artfully weaves together insights from transitional justice and memory studies by applying a critical juncture framework to argentina and uruguay lessa contends that critical junct", "title_raw": "Memory and transitional justice in Argentina and Uruguay, by Fracesca Lessa", "abstract_raw": "Francesca Lessa artfully weaves together insights from transitional justice and memory studies by applying a critical juncture framework to Argentina and Uruguay. Lessa contends that critical junct..." }, { "paper": "2520239293", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2016", "title": "regional turmoil the rise of islamic state and turkey s multiple kurdish dilemmas", "label": [ "137403100", "148834064", "555826173", "94625758", "2776398702", "199539241", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2135314015" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article traces the interrelationship of the roles played by turkey and by various kurdish non state actors such as the kurdistan regional government the kurdistan workers party and the democratic union party in the current turmoil in syria and iraq it considers their varying perspectives on islamic state and other jihadi groups the tensions between the region s kurdish non state actors and the differences between them in their relationships with turkey the background to these differences is explored as is their impact on relationships with other actors most notably the us the article concludes by noting that turkey as a regionally powerful and coherent actor and the kurds as a distinct ethnic group with aspirations to self determination will continue to be powerful elements in the region s politics", "title_raw": "Regional Turmoil, the Rise of Islamic State, and Turkey's Multiple Kurdish Dilemmas", "abstract_raw": "This article traces the interrelationship of the roles played by Turkey and by various Kurdish non-state actors such as the Kurdistan Regional Government, the Kurdistan Workers Party, and the Democratic Union Party, in the current turmoil in Syria and Iraq. It considers their varying perspectives on Islamic State and other jihadi groups, the tensions between the region's Kurdish non-state actors, and the differences between them in their relationships with Turkey. The background to these differences is explored, as is their impact on relationships with other actors, most notably the US. The article concludes by noting that Turkey as a regionally powerful and coherent actor, and the Kurds as a distinct ethnic group with aspirations to self-determination, will continue to be powerful elements in the region's politics." }, { "paper": "2527243015", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2016", "title": "civic and uncivic values in kosovo history politics and value transformation", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2236442773" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Civic and Uncivic Values in Kosovo. History, Politics, and Value Transformation", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2415678342", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "global adaptation after paris", "label": [ "199776023", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2269905385", "2055734624" ], "reference": [ "1860237872", "2049576643", "2102092803", "2120012334", "2254181063", "2264044186", "2266233996", "2306207386", "2530597942" ], "abstract": "besides achieving major decisions on greenhouse gas ghg emissions mitigation the 2015 paris climate change agreement 1 also initiated a process to establish a global goal on adaptation article 7 1 a crucial step that encourages parties to the agreement to go beyond the restrictive and historic funding focused lens that structured united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc talks on adaptation until now 2 4 suggesting that global adaptation is as important as global mitigation is an important shift in international climate negotiations that highlights the importance of not uncoupling 21st century mitigation and adaptation storylines after all one cannot define the well below 2 c long term temperature goal as sustainable without providing evidence on societies ability to adapt to the unavoidable impacts of such warming 5 although this represents great progress we discuss three key challenges around the development of a global adaptation framework within the unfccc defining a global goal identifying tracking criteria and anticipating political barriers a major underlying condition is that the framework must make sense from both a negotiation and a scientific perspective", "title_raw": "Global adaptation after Paris", "abstract_raw": "Besides achieving major decisions on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation, the 2015 Paris climate change Agreement ( 1 ) also initiated a process to \u201cestablish a global goal on adaptation\u201d (Article 7.1), a crucial step that encourages parties to the agreement to go beyond the restrictive and historic funding-focused lens that structured United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) talks on adaptation until now ( 2 \u2013 4 ). Suggesting that global adaptation is as important as global mitigation is an important shift in international climate negotiations that highlights the importance of not uncoupling 21st-century mitigation and adaptation storylines. After all, one cannot define the \u201cwell below +2\u00b0C\u201d long-term temperature goal as sustainable without providing evidence on societies' ability to adapt to the unavoidable impacts of such warming ( 5 ). Although this represents great progress, we discuss three key challenges around the development of a global adaptation framework within the UNFCCC: defining a global goal, identifying tracking criteria, and anticipating political barriers. A major underlying condition is that the framework must make sense from both a negotiation and a scientific perspective." }, { "paper": "2742445507", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2016", "title": "mainly reports humanistic values for a free society proceedings of the third regional conference on the humanities estes park colorado june 1946", "label": [ "153606108" ], "author": [ "2745216728" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Mainly Reports: Humanistic Values for a Free Society, Proceedings of the Third Regional Conference on the Humanities, Estes Park, Colorado, June 1946", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2513122115", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2016", "title": "the lasting impact of adolescence on left right identification cohort replacement and intracohort change in associations with issue attitudes", "label": [ "74080474", "158071213", "11293438", "70036468", "2775923278" ], "author": [ "1988624856" ], "reference": [ "108968243", "171720695", "565890351", "650535039", "1481160518", "1483401321", "1516245853", "1548824479", "1553206463", "1879455453", "1971715381", "1975685721", "1980691135", "1983159007", "1984759356", "1984961764", "1985295140", "1985348627", "1986463338", "1986926788", "1996160498", "1996335919", "2003487251", "2004409126", "2004737124", "2012186625", "2012706349", "2017577625", "2018831448", "2025327003", "2027022978", "2030843909", "2031733332", "2034576535", "2045318453", "2047996729", "2050329584", "2051057110", "2052161836", "2054732242", "2055047678", "2056619299", "2058514915", "2060029262", "2060800466", "2061252234", "2062357795", "2064178952", "2066196204", "2076186669", "2077415357", "2081140368", "2082277957", "2089845178", "2096533706", "2100316373", "2108038333", "2108818539", "2109111973", "2109402116", "2114639395", "2115560384", "2120477000", "2130958032", "2136579697", "2139951127", "2142287090", "2144798912", "2150486001", "2156529895", "2163827136", "2163914445", "2167524503", "2168010089", "2262285196", "2321589243", "2322913532", "2325883496", "2639153554" ], "abstract": "this study examined how the ideological correlates of left right identification in the netherlands changed between 1980 and 2008 and whether these changes were driven by cohort replacement analyses on repeated cross sectional data revealed an increasing association with immigration and a decreasing association with redistribution secularism and civil liberties cohort differences were found for cultural attitudes secularism was most important for voters who were adolescent between 1917 and 1960 while civil liberties were most important for the 1960 1980 cohort and immigration was relatively important for the 1980 2008 cohort consequently over time changes in the importance of cultural issues but not redistribution were partly driven by cohort replacement this indicates that the left right distinction is partly shaped by circumstances during voters adolescent years", "title_raw": "The lasting impact of adolescence on left-right identification: Cohort replacement and intracohort change in associations with issue attitudes", "abstract_raw": "This study examined how the ideological correlates of left-right identification in the Netherlands changed between 1980 and 2008, and whether these changes were driven by cohort replacement. Analyses on repeated cross-sectional data revealed an increasing association with immigration and a decreasing association with redistribution, secularism, and civil liberties. Cohort differences were found for cultural attitudes: Secularism was most important for voters who were adolescent between 1917 and 1960, while civil liberties were most important for the 1960\u20131980 cohort and immigration was relatively important for the 1980\u20132008 cohort. Consequently, over-time changes in the importance of cultural issues, but not redistribution, were partly driven by cohort replacement. This indicates that the left-right distinction is partly shaped by circumstances during voters' adolescent years." }, { "paper": "2320191275", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2016", "title": "us lawmakers expand probe of climate study", "label": [ "3116431", "2780849931", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "1981307953" ], "reference": [ "2134634125", "2285422781" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "US lawmakers expand probe of climate study", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2328610085", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "only the strong survive", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064", "2781039245", "94625758", "197487636", "2778712577" ], "author": [ "2274243332" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "russian president vladimir putin has signaled that a day of reckoning has arrived for russian science presiding over a meeting of the presidential council for science and education in the kremlin on 21 january putin noted that 150 institutes in russia account for a vast majority of the nation s scientific output in the coming months scores of weaker institutes are expected to be axed or merged russia s science leaders say that scientists who lose their jobs the number will be in the thousands sources say will not simply be tossed out on the street some would go into early retirement whereas others may receive severance pay or retraining at the same time the government is showering riches on a few research centers with sterling track records or more political clout", "title_raw": "Only the strong survive.", "abstract_raw": "Russian President Vladimir Putin has signaled that a day of reckoning has arrived for Russian science. Presiding over a meeting of the Presidential Council for Science and Education in the Kremlin on 21 January, Putin noted that 150 institutes in Russia account for a vast majority of the nation's scientific output. In the coming months, scores of weaker institutes are expected to be axed or merged. Russia's science leaders say that scientists who lose their jobs\u2014the number will be in the thousands, sources say\u2014will not simply be tossed out on the street. Some would go into early retirement, whereas others may receive severance pay or retraining. At the same time, the government is showering riches on a few research centers with sterling track records or more political clout." }, { "paper": "2259405546", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2016", "title": "personalised parliamentary behaviour without electoral incentives the case of the netherlands", "label": [ "68151297", "2776503585", "2781440851", "83009810" ], "author": [ "1317976968", "2283279880" ], "reference": [ "13502454", "31379602", "600237324", "1584978060", "1957064834", "2005145043", "2026047940", "2026685359", "2032313906", "2033230007", "2038466759", "2040906888", "2054746599", "2058859585", "2062403243", "2074507317", "2079649097", "2091585384", "2091888435", "2099921486", "2105262882", "2132802938", "2137193301", "2152800221", "2159112825", "2162045099", "2163989766", "2164540423", "2166223025", "2167017529", "2231779076", "2315270528", "2330644035", "2490007936", "2989918673" ], "abstract": "most theories of legislative behaviour explain the behaviour of mps through electoral incentives however they fail to explain variation in parliamentary activity when individual electoral incentives are largely absent this article studies mps activity in such a parliament the dutch tweede kamer it examines four clusters of incentives that may drive parliamentarians to be active party and committee environments provide the best explanation for the level of activity of individual mps reselection and promotion prospects explain mps behaviour but only under more particular specifications re election prospects were not found to affect activity levels", "title_raw": "Personalised parliamentary behaviour without electoral incentives: the case of the Netherlands", "abstract_raw": "Most theories of legislative behaviour explain the behaviour of MPs through electoral incentives. However, they fail to explain variation in parliamentary activity when individual electoral incentives are largely absent. This article studies MPs\u2019 activity in such a parliament: the Dutch Tweede Kamer. It examines four clusters of incentives that may drive parliamentarians to be active. Party and committee environments provide the best explanation for the level of activity of individual MPs. Reselection and promotion prospects explain MPs\u2019 behaviour, but only under more particular specifications. Re-election prospects were not found to affect activity levels." }, { "paper": "2531049453", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2016", "title": "context context context priming theory and attitudes towards corporations in social media", "label": [ "2776663400", "2776177672", "518677369" ], "author": [ "2582200035", "2644958524" ], "reference": [ "1485977648", "1589294126", "1974100739", "2002781392", "2018318499", "2019594119", "2026821618", "2032450941", "2055957857", "2060209692", "2064402988", "2073749068", "2093398502", "2103413716", "2109534191", "2110241398", "2122305905", "2125860277", "2138329095", "2139043937", "2142009669", "2148174543", "2157626258", "2192250499", "2559096420", "2773720621", "3124786583" ], "abstract": "abstract social media is one of the most contextually based media ever created as such the effects anticipated by priming theory would be expected to be especially strong using an online experiment this study assessed the effects of linguistic tone and message relatedness present in the context of social media on publics attitudes towards organizations it was expected that positive and negative tone would have positive and negative effects respectively and that the relatedness of the contextual prime would enhance those effects about 100 participants in the study were randomly assigned to an experimental group to see a prime in the format of the popular social media site twitter an analysis of the results showed that only negative primes had a significant effect on publics attitudes towards organizations possibly reflecting an expectancy violation effect public relations professionals are called to engage in broader environmental monitoring to ensure their messages will be most effective", "title_raw": "Context, context, context: Priming theory and attitudes towards corporations in social media", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Social media is one of the most contextually based media ever created. As such, the effects anticipated by priming theory would be expected to be especially strong. Using an online experiment, this study assessed the effects of linguistic tone and message relatedness present in the context of social media on publics\u2019 attitudes towards organizations. It was expected that positive and negative tone would have positive and negative effects, respectively, and that the relatedness of the contextual prime would enhance those effects. About 100 participants in the study were randomly assigned to an experimental group to see a prime in the format of the popular social media site, Twitter. An analysis of the results showed that only negative primes had a significant effect on publics\u2019 attitudes towards organizations, possibly reflecting an expectancy violation effect. Public relations professionals are called to engage in broader environmental monitoring to ensure their messages will be most effective." }, { "paper": "2546255431", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "making good on the rebalance to asia", "label": [ "191935318", "76775654" ], "author": [ "2103693493" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Making Good on the Rebalance to Asia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2558948581", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "schools under siege", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2711154763" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Schools Under Siege", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2517928148", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2016", "title": "riga at war 1914 1919 war and wartime experience in a multi ethnic metropolis", "label": [ "137403100" ], "author": [ "2598356253" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Riga at War 1914\u20131919. War and Wartime Experience in a Multi-ethnic Metropolis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2509306611", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2016", "title": "china under mao a revolution derailed", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2137980543" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China under Mao: A Revolution Derailed", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2541132185", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "north korea s outsourced workforce", "label": [ "2778139618", "191935318", "76775654" ], "author": [ "2542114111", "2540900913" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "North Korea's Outsourced Workforce", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2507290065", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2016", "title": "introduction faking it in 21st century ir global politics", "label": [ "199539241", "538383745" ], "author": [ "2170212994" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Introduction: Faking It in 21st Century IR/Global Politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2564445900", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "putin is no partner on terrorism", "label": [ "203133693" ], "author": [ "3082383787" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Putin Is No Partner on Terrorism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2560268471", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2016", "title": "michael j lansing insurgent democracy the nonpartisan league in north american politics", "label": [ "3116431", "522562087", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2580135183" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Michael J. Lansing. Insurgent Democracy: The Nonpartisan League in North American Politics.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2312704444", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2016", "title": "organ donation during the financial crisis in greece", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "1991701893", "2008618491", "403688528", "2338613950", "2559038717" ], "reference": [ "1994449145", "2139487477", "2263448612" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Organ donation during the financial crisis in Greece", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2522470894", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2016", "title": "eu iran relations after brexit", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2195501522" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the impending exit of the united kingdom from the european union paves the way for strategic eu iran engagement that is separate from uk iran talks", "title_raw": "EU\u2013Iran Relations After Brexit", "abstract_raw": "The impending exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union paves the way for strategic EU\u2013Iran engagement that is separate from UK\u2013Iran talks." }, { "paper": "2557866795", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "obama s move on cuba", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2145299534" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Obama's Move on Cuba", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2607634957", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2016", "title": "debating china s rise and the future of u s power", "label": [ "2776051254", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2607024822", "2111794975", "719201379" ], "reference": [ "606689850", "1499370674", "1515377417", "1989268186", "1992237896", "2016526446", "2017718661", "2048381364", "2048942145", "2063978416", "2083369172", "2084697364", "2114587372", "2114623692", "2114871756", "2170661519", "2258622512", "2800662148", "2979702033" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Debating China's Rise and the Future of U.S. Power", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2414065131", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2016", "title": "europeanization and domestic policy change the case of italy paolo roberto graziano london routledge 2013 pp x 184", "label": [ "2779063981" ], "author": [ "2703023886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Europeanization and Domestic Policy Change: The Case of Italy Paolo Roberto Graziano London: Routledge, 2013, pp. x, 184.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2474308517", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2016", "title": "policy plutocrats how america s wealthy seek to influence governance", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2150180673" ], "reference": [ "171201129", "570493150", "581891773", "614917022", "640123672", "1549469887", "1658769421", "1827884956", "1994062592", "2069516562", "2077380948", "2138099467", "2140622227", "2143449548", "2149948916", "2461493743", "3121594609", "3143459938", "3159241565" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Policy Plutocrats: How America\u2019s Wealthy Seek to Influence Governance", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2298081711", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "social cost of carbon global duty", "label": [ "2779103253" ], "author": [ "2006948525", "2153306126", "2601117494", "675135" ], "reference": [ "1506643520", "2038867645", "3150684683" ], "abstract": "in their letter social cost of carbon domestic duty 5 february p 569 1 a fraas et al argue that regulations to limit greenhouse gas emissions in the united states should be evaluated in the light of the domestic benefits they provide instead of global benefits as recommended by the interagency group on the social cost of carbon 2010 1 2 this idea which has already been put into practice by some 2 3 may seem reasonable however climate change is a special case no matter where a ton of carbon is emitted it has the same impact on the atmosphere and it ultimately leads to the same damages from climate change as a consequence if the united states avoids emissions other countries will also benefit just as the united states will benefit from other countries reducing emissions if every country adhered to fraas et al s proposal to focus only on its domestic benefits all countries would end up worse off this was demonstrated at the beginning of climate change economics 3 4 this situation is similar to the prisoner s dilemma 4 5 in which prisoners in separate rooms are given the opportunity to betray each other in exchange for a reduced sentence betrayal offers a greater reward than cooperation unless both prisoners cooperate given the rules of the scenario all rational self interested prisoners would betray one another leading to an outcome worse than if they had cooperated in the case of climate change we are in a better position than the prisoners in one way we can talk to each other and decide to cooperate in fact we did so already in paris last december 195 countries decided to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 c above pre industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1 5 c above pre industrial levels recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change 5 6 meeting this goal will not be possible if every country focuses only on its domestic benefits the interagency group on the social cost of carbon is right to recommend using global benefits to evaluate mitigation projects and regulations and every country that is not doing so should follow the lead 1 7 interagency working group on social cost of carbon technical support document social cost of carbon for regulatory impact analysis under executive order 12866 white house washington dc 2013 2 8 1 p watkiss 2 c hope wiley interdiscip rev clim change 2 886 2011 openurl 9 crossref 10 3 11 1 w d nordhaus 2 z yang am econ rev 86 741 1996 openurl 12 4 13 1 e rasmusen 1 a w tucker a two person dilemma stanford university 1950 reproduced in readings in games and information e rasmusen ed wiley blackwell oxford 2001 5 14 paris agreement as contained in the report of the conference of the parties on its 21st session fccc cp 2015 10 add 1 http unfccc int meetings paris nov 2015 items 9445 php 15 1 http www sciencemag org content 351 6273 569 2 2 ref 1 3 ref 2 4 ref 3 5 ref 4 6 ref 5 7 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 8 xref ref 2 1 view reference 2 in text 9 openurl query rft jtitle 253dwiley 2binterdiscip 2brev 2bclim 2bchange 26rft volume 253d2 26rft spage 253d886 26rft id 253dinfo 253adoi 252f10 1002 252fwcc 140 26rft genre 253darticle 26rft val fmt 253dinfo 253aofi 252ffmt 253akev 253amtx 253ajournal 26ctx ver 253dz39 88 2004 26url ver 253dz39 88 2004 26url ctx fmt 253dinfo 253aofi 252ffmt 253akev 253amtx 253actx 10 lookup external ref access num 10 1002 wcc 140 link type doi 11 xref ref 3 1 view reference 3 in text 12 openurl query rft jtitle 253dam 2becon 2brev 26rft volume 253d86 26rft spage 253d741 26rft genre 253darticle 26rft val fmt 253dinfo 253aofi 252ffmt 253akev 253amtx 253ajournal 26ctx ver 253dz39 88 2004 26url ver 253dz39 88 2004 26url ctx fmt 253dinfo 253aofi 252ffmt 253akev 253amtx 253actx 13 xref ref 4 1 view reference 4 in text 14 xref ref 5 1 view reference 5 in text 15 http unfccc int meetings paris nov 2015 items 9445 php", "title_raw": "Social cost of carbon: Global duty", "abstract_raw": "In their letter \u201cSocial cost of carbon: Domestic duty\u201d (5 February, p. [569][1]), A. Fraas et al. argue that regulations to limit greenhouse gas emissions in the United States should be evaluated in the light of the domestic benefits they provide instead of global benefits, as recommended by the Interagency Group on the Social Cost of Carbon (2010) ([ 1 ][2]). This idea, which has already been put into practice by some ([ 2 ][3]), may seem reasonable. However, climate change is a special case. No matter where a ton of carbon is emitted, it has the same impact on the atmosphere, and it ultimately leads to the same damages from climate change. As a consequence, if the United States avoids emissions, other countries will also benefit, just as the United States will benefit from other countries reducing emissions. If every country adhered to Fraas et al. 's proposal to focus only on its domestic benefits, all countries would end up worse off. This was demonstrated at the beginning of climate change economics ([ 3 ][4]).\n\nThis situation is similar to the prisoner's dilemma ([ 4 ][5]), in which prisoners in separate rooms are given the opportunity to betray each other in exchange for a reduced sentence. Betrayal offers a greater reward than cooperation, unless both prisoners cooperate. Given the rules of the scenario, all rational self-interested prisoners would betray one another, leading to an outcome worse than if they had cooperated. In the case of climate change, we are in a better position than the prisoners in one way: We can talk to each other and decide to cooperate. In fact, we did so already. In Paris, last December, 195 countries decided to hold \u201cthe increase in the global average temperature to well below 2\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change\u201d ([ 5 ][6]). Meeting this goal will not be possible if every country focuses only on its domestic benefits. The Interagency Group on the Social Cost of Carbon is right to recommend using global benefits to evaluate mitigation projects and regulations, and every country that is not doing so should follow the lead.\n\n1. [\u21b5][7]Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon, Technical Support Document: Social Cost of Carbon for Regulatory Impact Analysis Under Executive Order 12866 (White House, Washington, DC, 2013); .\n \n\n2. [\u21b5][8]1. P. Watkiss, 2. C. Hope\n , Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change 2, 886 (2011).\n [OpenUrl][9][CrossRef][10]\n\n3. [\u21b5][11]1. W. D. Nordhaus, 2. Z. Yang\n , Am. Econ. Rev. 86, 741 (1996).\n [OpenUrl][12]\n\n4. [\u21b5][13]1. E. Rasmusen\n 1. A. W. Tucker\n , \u201cA two-person dilemma\u201d (Stanford University, 1950), reproduced in Readings in Games and Information, E. Rasmusen , Ed. (Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, 2001).\n \n\n5. [\u21b5][14]Paris Agreement, as contained in the report of the Conference of the Parties on its 21st session, FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1; [http://unfccc.int/meetings/paris\\_nov\\_2015/items/9445.php][15].\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/351/6273/569.2\n [2]: #ref-1\n [3]: #ref-2\n [4]: #ref-3\n [5]: #ref-4\n [6]: #ref-5\n [7]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1 in text\"\n [8]: #xref-ref-2-1 \"View reference 2 in text\"\n [9]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DWiley%2BInterdiscip.%2BRev.%2BClim.%2BChange%26rft.volume%253D2%26rft.spage%253D886%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1002%252Fwcc.140%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\n [10]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1002/wcc.140&link_type=DOI\n [11]: #xref-ref-3-1 \"View reference 3 in text\"\n [12]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAm.%2BEcon.%2BRev.%26rft.volume%253D86%26rft.spage%253D741%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\n [13]: #xref-ref-4-1 \"View reference 4 in text\"\n [14]: #xref-ref-5-1 \"View reference 5 in text\"\n [15]: http://unfccc.int/meetings/paris_nov_2015/items/9445.php" }, { "paper": "2509342584", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "gangs of russia from the streets to the corridors of power", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "228122699" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Gangs of Russia: : From the streets to the corridors of power", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2327092884", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2016", "title": "commentary lost in translation the challenge of informing public policy with evidence", "label": [ "3116431", "39549134", "109986646" ], "author": [ "1962782785" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Commentary: Lost in Translation? The Challenge of Informing Public Policy with Evidence", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2512149609", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2016", "title": "cities business and the politics of urban violence in latin america by eduardo moncada stanford ca stanford university press 2016", "label": [ "158886217", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2675209000" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Cities, Business, and the Politics of Urban Violence in Latin America. By Eduardo Moncada. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2016.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2114226091", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2016", "title": "who should we help an experimental test of discrimination in the british welfare state", "label": [ "125209646", "134698397", "2778521920", "129603779", "70036468", "100243477" ], "author": [ "2889858690" ], "reference": [ "25523520", "1498624896", "1606674025", "1999214183", "2005606382", "2036134527", "2037079743", "2044195443", "2054787653", "2067256035", "2107767149", "2108225146", "2109002523", "2109969123", "2114596126", "2115418787", "2117851682", "2120070255", "2122075295", "2124600012", "2126700129", "2127028709", "2131198104", "2132269495", "2135752513", "2153734655", "2153799352", "2159261974", "2163065984", "2166232329", "2167121898", "2167846153", "2172032849", "2323774024", "2483749410", "2490362664", "2506381623", "2797473374", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "the impact of immigration and rising ethnic diversity on support for the welfare state has been the subject of intense debate previous european research has found little evidence for an aggregate", "title_raw": "Who Should We Help? An Experimental Test of Discrimination in the British Welfare State:", "abstract_raw": "The impact of immigration and rising ethnic diversity on support for the welfare state has been the subject of intense debate. Previous European research has found little evidence for an aggregate ..." }, { "paper": "2385249247", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2016", "title": "secession risk and fiscal federalism", "label": [ "2780857596", "75732639", "94625758", "12017312", "136810230" ], "author": [ "2066095320" ], "reference": [ "566944316", "575103698", "628196191", "645103174", "1230600452", "1525347234", "1545739069", "1579434059", "1601407093", "1607687313", "1969701836", "1974024446", "1977414200", "1978477488", "2000430570", "2016455923", "2032099933", "2036203657", "2044538968", "2056325658", "2077390794", "2080272088", "2081714882", "2082408198", "2089831365", "2103053259", "2105142552", "2122621376", "2125216850", "2131078017", "2134907890", "2142696227", "2143775898", "2159376464", "2169278049", "2171409245", "2321731109", "2324440273", "2326312291", "2333465643", "2475962423", "2743924443", "2796115836", "2890370349", "2992247890", "3122425381", "3122527154", "3146470768" ], "abstract": "why is fiscal federalism so often dysfunctional from an economic point of view particularly in the developing world fiscally decentralized systems often lack hard budget constraints and an open common market this article argues that preventing secession can require fiscally deleterious institutions beyond the well known device of fiscal appeasement central governments facing potential secessionist challenges try to hamstring regional tax collection and permit regional protectionism against goods and labor while ethnic diversity has helped to preserve relatively robust forms of fiscal federalism in canada and switzerland it has had the contrary effect in developing countries even among western democracies those governments unwilling to countenance secession are less likely to respond to secessionist challenges by decentralizing taxation powers the political logic of decentralization may stymie efforts to reform decentralized institutions along the lines recommended by economists and the multilateral lending institutions", "title_raw": "Secession Risk and Fiscal Federalism", "abstract_raw": "Why is fiscal federalism so often dysfunctional from an economic point of view? Particularly in the developing world, fiscally decentralized systems often lack hard budget constraints and an open, common market. This article argues that preventing secession can require fiscally deleterious institutions. Beyond the well-known device of \u201cfiscal appeasement,\u201d central governments facing potential secessionist challenges try to hamstring regional tax collection and permit regional protectionism against goods and labor. While ethnic diversity has helped to preserve relatively robust forms of fiscal federalism in Canada and Switzerland, it has had the contrary effect in developing countries. Even among Western democracies, those governments unwilling to countenance secession are less likely to respond to secessionist challenges by decentralizing taxation powers. The political logic of decentralization may stymie efforts to reform decentralized institutions along the lines recommended by economists and the multilateral lending institutions." }, { "paper": "2577313589", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2016", "title": "status quo post bellum and the legal resolution of the territorial dispute between china and japan over the senkaku diaoyu islands", "label": [ "2776748549", "2780486356", "191935318", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2366634885" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Status Quo Post Bellum and the Legal Resolution of the Territorial Dispute between China and Japan over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2594400706", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2016", "title": "a report on the peace corps", "label": [ "199539241", "2779714858" ], "author": [ "2109283759" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Report on the Peace Corps", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2346819595", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2016", "title": "the 2015 general elections in guatemala", "label": [ "59742305" ], "author": [ "2748803538" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The 2015 general elections in Guatemala", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2463726905", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2016", "title": "unaccompanied migrant children at risk across europe", "label": [ "173145845" ], "author": [ "2233343502" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Unaccompanied migrant children at risk across Europe", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2330556836", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2016", "title": "first liberal budget good for canadian science but what about global health", "label": [ "46578552", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2474011629" ], "reference": [ "2053755334", "2319301541", "2321122700", "2599253091" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "First Liberal budget good for Canadian science, but what about global health?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2565104716", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2016", "title": "china s war against the many faces of poverty towards a new long march jing yang and pundarik mukhopadhaya london and new york routledge 2016 xxi 345 pp 95 00 isbn 978 1 138 81960 3", "label": [ "189326681", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2085083389" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China's War against the Many Faces of Poverty: Towards a New Long March Jing Yang and Pundarik Mukhopadhaya London and New York: Routledge, 2016 xxi + 345 pp. \u00a395.00 ISBN 978-1-138-81960-3", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1255100546", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2016", "title": "does district magnitude matter the case of taiwan", "label": [ "2779838221" ], "author": [ "2724952930" ], "reference": [ "196270003", "1497309193", "1504854090", "1527899440", "1822348759", "1952552476", "1976087448", "1977825494", "1979856524", "1981457167", "1987239324", "2003350916", "2012405067", "2016874175", "2024096835", "2027255954", "2035534527", "2036365749", "2044297556", "2048544399", "2061594105", "2067844392", "2070722885", "2079694060", "2081103044", "2089763487", "2106605967", "2113988812", "2114125162", "2114201972", "2117318745", "2119471347", "2124324110", "2126461280", "2126586829", "2127549877", "2129339649", "2132785247", "2139871799", "2146913620", "2147062044", "2147738262", "2150924432", "2155390842", "2156376250", "2163076342", "2163904431", "2167731203", "2168661258", "2317187313", "2329648039", "3046723133", "3121539865", "3123930369", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "a sizable literature on electoral institutions argues that proportional electoral rules lead to higher voter turnout however recent work finds little evidence that the effect generalizes beyond western europe and suggests that the theoretical arguments in the literature remain sparse incomplete and contradictory i use a well chosen data set to resolve the problem of omitted variable bias and bayesian model averaging to address model uncertainty i use bayes factors to evaluate evidence both for and against the null hypotheses and find that the proportionality of electoral rules exerts no meaningful effect on turnout or any of the theoretical mechanisms i test", "title_raw": "Does district magnitude matter? The case of Taiwan\u2606", "abstract_raw": "A sizable literature on electoral institutions argues that proportional electoral rules lead to higher voter turnout. However, recent work finds little evidence that the effect generalizes beyond western Europe and suggests that the theoretical arguments in the literature remain sparse, incomplete, and contradictory. I use a well-chosen data set to resolve the problem of omitted variable bias and Bayesian model averaging to address model uncertainty. I use Bayes factors to evaluate evidence both for and against the null hypotheses and find that the proportionality of electoral rules exerts no meaningful effect on turnout or any of the theoretical mechanisms I test." }, { "paper": "2264143799", "venue": "143668711", "year": "2016", "title": "christopher bail terrified how anti muslim fringe organizations became mainstream", "label": [ "2777617010", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2208862289" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Christopher Bail: Terrified: How Anti-Muslim Fringe Organizations Became Mainstream", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2532716771", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2016", "title": "geoffreyjones and andrealluch eds the impact of globalization on argentina and chile business enterprises and entrepreneurship cheltenham edward elgar 2015 pp x 290 3 figs 19 tabs isbn 9781783473632 hbk 80 book reviews", "label": [ "84309077", "2119116" ], "author": [ "2152752995" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "GeoffreyJones and AndreaLluch, eds., The impact of globalization on Argentina and Chile: business enterprises and entrepreneurship (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2015. Pp. x + 290. 3 figs. 19 tabs. ISBN 9781783473632 Hbk. \u00a380): Book Reviews", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2537860579", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2016", "title": "gangs of russia from the streets to the corridors of power", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2616559977" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Gangs of Russia: From the Streets to the Corridors of Power", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2575729204", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "how to build middle east peace", "label": [ "3116431", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2574673108" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How to Build Middle East Peace", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2432268480", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2016", "title": "europe s crises and the eu s big three", "label": [ "2779948448", "94625758" ], "author": [ "78937593", "2235259807" ], "reference": [ "21652265", "24871658", "49759102", "79789070", "560007879", "571978138", "599838066", "608666052", "626790855", "1209519293", "1493506677", "1523987985", "1524451781", "1527038293", "1570372729", "1603371347", "1820336790", "1867585596", "2051384055", "2060433779", "2061419834", "2103834890", "2138093908", "2145460343", "2165183119", "2254679665", "2297684360", "2392787375", "2500879000", "2502060199", "2802386683", "2802823460", "2993966455" ], "abstract": "abstractthis article examines the impact and significance of the crimea ukraine russia and the eurozone crises on relations among and between the eu s three biggest member states britain france and germany as well as their individual influence and roles within the eu the ukraine and eurozone crises have revealed and intensified three longer term developments in contemporary european politics germany s rise as the eu s most powerful member state and its role as europe s indispensable policy broker the resilience and centrality of franco german bilateralism despite the growing power imbalance separating the two and britain s diminished and diminishing role in eu affairs to put the current period of turmoil in perspective this article also aims to contribute to a better understanding of the operating logic of crisis continuity and change in the relations of the eu s big three member states", "title_raw": "Europe\u2019s crises and the EU\u2019s \u2018big three\u2019", "abstract_raw": "AbstractThis article examines the impact and significance of the Crimea\u2013Ukraine\u2013Russia and the eurozone crises on relations among and between the EU\u2019s three biggest member states \u2013 Britain, France and Germany \u2013 as well as their individual influence and roles within the EU. The Ukraine and eurozone crises have revealed and intensified three longer-term developments in contemporary European politics: Germany\u2019s rise as the EU\u2019s most powerful member state and its role as Europe\u2019s indispensable policy broker; the resilience and centrality of Franco-German bilateralism, despite the growing power imbalance separating the two; and Britain\u2019s diminished and diminishing role in EU affairs. To put the current period of turmoil in perspective, this article also aims to contribute to a better understanding of the operating logic of crisis, continuity and change in the relations of the EU\u2019s big three member states." }, { "paper": "2466984231", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2016", "title": "campaigning online web display ads in the 2012 presidential campaign", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "3000776959", "2254831310", "2275529551" ], "reference": [ "610650680", "1485609732", "1541793139", "1583661833", "1996745368", "2002000693", "2009666521", "2021521943", "2033965962", "2043270718", "2044547964", "2079731287", "2113158521", "2116514027", "2140186629", "2143940323", "2146236541", "2157939254", "2319951792", "3079012783" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Campaigning Online: Web Display Ads in the 2012 Presidential Campaign", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2565495302", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2016", "title": "what trump s pick for secretary of state could mean for climate policy", "label": [ "94625758", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "1981307953", "273399073" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "exxonmobil chief rex tillerson draws scepticism and scorn but looks progressive compared with other trump selections", "title_raw": "What Trump\u2019s pick for secretary of state could mean for climate policy", "abstract_raw": "ExxonMobil chief Rex Tillerson draws scepticism and scorn \u2014 but looks progressive compared with other Trump selections." }, { "paper": "2810188312", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2016", "title": "war aims and war outcomes", "label": [ "2776729102", "137355542", "203715995", "2779220109", "2778203169", "2776398702", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2141817695" ], "reference": [ "576553950", "577192858", "586992861", "590714071", "632136706", "636222397", "647812839", "1484239706", "1499646075", "1560928953", "1566561834", "1601314663", "1602185370", "1974638294", "1992717285", "1993849519", "1999326695", "2004919537", "2009735689", "2012953914", "2015014981", "2016382728", "2026255272", "2042743790", "2047156377", "2056256251", "2062524651", "2068915911", "2078970047", "2094837829", "2095456486", "2100453662", "2105250815", "2109641709", "2110512586", "2117690058", "2119294951", "2121697314", "2125499995", "2129548459", "2135311804", "2141957041", "2146884126", "2160383082", "2165757691", "2166735555", "2169253034", "2246925411", "2250886915", "2323028822", "2327769971", "2329258037", "2335198768", "2406141040", "2505459406", "2605572204", "2796327498", "2797044134", "2891996476", "3162211220" ], "abstract": "why are states with tremendous advantages in capabilities and resources often unable to attain even limited objectives vis a vis much weaker adversaries the theory i develop focuses on how the nature of a strong state s war aims affects prewar uncertainty about the cost of victory i argue that the relative magnitude of the effect of military strength and resolve on war outcomes varies with the nature of the object at stake and that strong states become more likely to underestimate the cost of victory as the impact of resolve increases relative to that of war fighting capacity i evaluate the empirical implications of this theory against the historical record provided by the universe of major power military interventions since world war ii the results challenge both existing theories and conventional wisdom about the impact of factors such as military strength resolve troop commitment levels and war fighting strategies on asymmetric war outcomes", "title_raw": "War Aims and War Outcomes", "abstract_raw": "Why are states with tremendous advantages in capabilities and resources often unable to attain even limited objectives vis-a-vis much weaker adversaries? The theory I develop focuses on how the nature of a strong state's war aims affects prewar uncertainty about the cost of victory. I argue that the relative magnitude of the effect of military strength and resolve on war outcomes varies with the nature of the object at stake and that strong states become more likely to underestimate the cost of victory as the impact of resolve increases relative to that of war-fighting capacity. I evaluate the empirical implications of this theory against the historical record provided by the universe of major power military interventions since World War II. The results challenge both existing theories and conventional wisdom about the impact of factors such as military strength, resolve, troop commitment levels, and war-fighting strategies on asymmetric war outcomes." }, { "paper": "2284156823", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2016", "title": "realignment and recidivism", "label": [ "2776193682", "148834064", "2777978526", "2776157319" ], "author": [ "2303980543", "349646232" ], "reference": [ "374403177", "619648754", "622165482", "1492089556", "1531557430", "1828075466", "1889750150", "1952598011", "2000894890", "2035417583", "2103981445", "2104229854", "2121113295", "2134991030", "2139023292", "2148169280", "2149692567", "2155461277", "2253358691", "2414743068", "2482437092", "2790558346", "3121813537", "3122488794", "3125908026" ], "abstract": "california s 2011 public safety realignment created an unprecedented policy experiment by transferring the authority over lower level felony offenders from the state correctional system to fifty eight county jail and probation systems while centered in california these changes are reflective of an ongoing national conversation about the appropriate level of government at which to focus crime control efforts in this article we first situate realignment in criminological and sociolegal literatures showing how the reform offers opportunities to further inquiry as to the effectiveness of a wide variety of correctional strategies implementation and local variation in correctional law and policy we then review early research focused on the statewide effect of realignment on recidivism which has produced mixed findings depending on the measure of recidivism applied we then examine variation in recidivism outcomes across county sites and present findings that indicate there is an important relationship", "title_raw": "Realignment and Recidivism", "abstract_raw": "California\u2019s 2011 Public Safety Realignment created an unprecedented policy experiment by transferring the authority over lower-level felony offenders from the state correctional system to fifty-eight county jail and probation systems. While centered in California, these changes are reflective of an ongoing national conversation about the appropriate level of government at which to focus crime control efforts. In this article, we first situate Realignment in criminological and sociolegal literatures, showing how the reform offers opportunities to further inquiry as to the effectiveness of a wide variety of correctional strategies, implementation, and local variation in correctional law and policy. We then review early research focused on the statewide effect of Realignment on recidivism, which has produced mixed findings depending on the measure of recidivism applied. We then examine variation in recidivism outcomes across county sites and present findings that indicate there is an important relationship ..." }, { "paper": "3122138376", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2016", "title": "election law federalism", "label": [ "2781381931", "2778272461", "2780030507", "533735693", "520049643", "17319257", "2781008272", "158129432" ], "author": [ "2224217436" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "introductionthe supreme court recently hobbled section 5 of the voting rights act in shelby county v holder 1 section 2 the voting rights act s other major antidiscrimination provision is in the crosshairs 2 this article presents the first comprehensive examination of the important federal voting laws still on the books after shelby county 3 perhaps because these laws have traditionally operated in the shadow of the voting rights act little scholarly literature evaluates how they operate within the diverse set of legal relationships implicated by election law 4 these statutes present challenges with implications for election law broadly specifically this article investigates the national voter registration act of 1993 nvra 5 the uniformed and overseas citizens absentee voting act uocava 6 and the help america vote act hava 7 collectively the federal election statutes the nvra requires states to offer voter registration opportunities at certain state offices 8 uocava requires states to transmit ballots to military and overseas voters in time for those voters to cast their ballots 9 hava requires states to adopt voting machine technology and ensure accessibility 10 each statute holds states responsible for ensuring that their elections meet conditions the federal government believes to be necessary for a fair electoral process these three statutes differ in character from the voting rights act in two important ways first they take a race neutral approach whereas the voting rights act prohibits vote discrimination on the basis of race or color 11 the federal election statutes create universal civil rights in the context of election administration that is they create a series of election related responsibilities for states that are designed to facilitate a fair elections process those obligations attach regardless of the race or color of the voter despite their race neutral approach however the statutes can affect the role of race and class in elections voter registration rates for example vary widely by race and income 12 the nvra can play a role in remedying those inequalities by easing access to voter registration since shelby county a number of commentators have suggested that as the supreme court becomes more and more hostile to antidiscrimination legislation and affirmative action programs 13 the federal election statutes may provide a model for fortifying the right to vote in a manner palatable to the court 14second the enforcement mechanisms of the federal election statutes differ from that of the voting rights act which imposes liability directly on jurisdictions for their own discriminatory actions 15 by contrast the federal election statutes hold states liable for noncompliance even though local governments and not states themselves assume most election administration responsibilities this enforcement mechanism is reasonable it would be nearly impossible for the federal government to enforce these statutes against the thousands of counties and municipalities that actually administer elections 16 but it also creates a liability mismatch that is reflected in both state briefing and court decisions pursuant to these statutes states regularly argue that 1 counties not states are the proper defendants in these suits and 2 states discharge whatever statutory responsibilities they retain through some oversight of local government 17 courts have largely rejected the idea that states may evade liability by delegating responsibility to counties 18 but questions exist as to whether and how the federal government may force states to enforce the statutes against their own local governments especially when no cause of action exists under state law 19 to this day states continue to argue that their decentralized systems of election administration exempt them from complying with the statutes and instead shift that burden to local governments 20 this belief may help explain the widespread noncompliance with these statutes", "title_raw": "Election Law Federalism", "abstract_raw": "IntroductionThe Supreme Court recently hobbled section 5 of the Voting Rights Act in Shelby County v. Holder.1 Section 2-the Voting Rights Act's other major antidiscrimination provision-is in the crosshairs.2 This Article presents the first comprehensive examination of the important federal voting laws still on the books after Shelby County.3 Perhaps because these laws have traditionally operated in the shadow of the Voting Rights Act, little scholarly literature evaluates how they operate within the diverse set of legal relationships implicated by election law.4 These statutes present challenges with implications for election law broadly.Specifically, this Article investigates the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA),5 the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA),6 and the Help America Vote Act (HAVA)7 (collectively, the \"federal election statutes\"). The NVRA requires states to offer voter registration opportunities at certain state offices.8 UOCAVA requires states to transmit ballots to military and overseas voters in time for those voters to cast their ballots.9 HAVA requires states to adopt voting machine technology and ensure accessibility.10 Each statute holds states responsible for ensuring that their elections meet conditions the federal government believes to be necessary for a fair electoral process.These three statutes differ in character from the Voting Rights Act in two important ways. First, they take a race-neutral approach. Whereas the Voting Rights Act prohibits vote discrimination on the basis of race or color,11 the federal election statutes create universal civil rights in the context of election administration. That is, they create a series of election-related responsibilities for states that are designed to facilitate a fair elections process. Those obligations attach regardless of the race or color of the voter. Despite their race-neutral approach, however, the statutes can affect the role of race and class in elections. Voter registration rates, for example, vary widely by race and income;12 the NVRA can play a role in remedying those inequalities by easing access to voter registration. Since Shelby County, a number of commentators have suggested that as the Supreme Court becomes more and more hostile to antidiscrimination legislation and affirmative action programs,13 the federal election statutes may provide a model for fortifying the right to vote in a manner palatable to the Court.14Second, the enforcement mechanisms of the federal election statutes differ from that of the Voting Rights Act, which imposes liability directly on jurisdictions for their own discriminatory actions.15 By contrast, the federal election statutes hold states liable for noncompliance even though local governments, and not states themselves, assume most election administration responsibilities. This enforcement mechanism is reasonable: it would be nearly impossible for the federal government to enforce these statutes against the thousands of counties and municipalities that actually administer elections.16 But it also creates a liability mismatch that is reflected in both state briefing and court decisions pursuant to these statutes. States regularly argue that (1) counties, not states, are the proper defendants in these suits; and (2) states discharge whatever statutory responsibilities they retain through some oversight of local government.17 Courts have largely rejected the idea that states may evade liability by delegating responsibility to counties,18 but questions exist as to whether and how the federal government may force states to enforce the statutes against their own local governments, especially when no cause of action exists under state law.19 To this day, states continue to argue that their decentralized systems of election administration exempt them from complying with the statutes and instead shift that burden to local governments.20 This belief may help explain the widespread noncompliance with these statutes. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2515108575", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2016", "title": "working at the margins of global production networks local labour control regimes and rural based labourers in south india", "label": [ "94625758", "2776051254", "2778988318", "160515943", "158954845", "2779509574", "2780300075" ], "author": [ "2142674481" ], "reference": [ "64233595", "564462268", "608923169", "628468984", "633572958", "760406044", "1485693368", "1497854326", "1530045996", "1531503640", "1543166800", "1555665586", "1601307448", "1632442994", "1758877192", "1836282985", "1863370964", "1881346214", "1898619115", "1928597912", "1953626844", "1971811917", "1978386448", "1978478204", "1981290583", "1986592622", "1986703043", "2004410686", "2005988769", "2011819991", "2014686637", "2016938270", "2022053741", "2022340207", "2027710991", "2030173575", "2032498967", "2034142787", "2034821377", "2039246715", "2039344570", "2040493112", "2050179394", "2055321771", "2083164839", "2086229535", "2089356020", "2094667380", "2105235890", "2114837397", "2118467281", "2131809975", "2136039427", "2138072572", "2138274794", "2166267457", "2166522855", "2230443023", "2346401329", "2568059606", "2605443690", "2605505979", "2605506195", "2954085257", "3003259297", "3108886840" ], "abstract": "abstractthis article analyses why informal labourers working at the margins of global production networks lack structural and associational power it does so in order to better understand potential changes in their material and political conditions and as part of broader calls to put labour at the centre of development studies the article focuses on rural based labourers in south india who work relatively invisibly as agricultural labourers and informal factory workers and on the construction sites of a global city bangalore it deploys a three way labour control regime framework that encompasses 1 the macro labour control regime which is ultimately defined by capitalist relations of production and characterised in india by particularly high levels of informality precarious and largely unregulated work and segmentation due to the fragmentary impact of caste 2 the local labour control regime which refers to how class relations in specific places are shaped by patterns of accumulati", "title_raw": "Working at the margins of global production networks: local labour control regimes and rural-based labourers in South India", "abstract_raw": "AbstractThis article analyses why informal labourers working \u2018at the margins\u2019 of global production networks lack \u2018structural\u2019 and \u2018associational\u2019 power. It does so in order to better understand potential changes in their material and political conditions, and as part of broader calls to put labour at the centre of development studies. The article focuses on rural-based labourers in south India who work relatively invisibly as agricultural labourers and informal factory workers, and on the construction sites of a \u2018global city\u2019 (Bangalore). It deploys a three-way labour control regime framework that encompasses (1) the macro-labour control regime, which is ultimately defined by capitalist relations of production, and characterised in India by particularly high levels of informality (precarious and largely unregulated work) and segmentation (due to the fragmentary impact of caste); (2) the local labour control regime, which refers to how class relations in specific places are shaped by patterns of accumulati..." }, { "paper": "2729580643", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2016", "title": "book review china and global nuclear order from estrangement to active engagement by nicola horsburgh", "label": [ "2775995803", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2537269330" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book review : China and global nuclear order : from estrangement to active engagement. by Nicola Horsburgh", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2561260014", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "world order 2 0", "label": [ "188888794", "44394981", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2776002069" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "World Order 2.0", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2315975233", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2016", "title": "unpopular sovereignty rhodesian independence and african decolonization", "label": [ "135544838", "2777799818", "199539241", "186229450" ], "author": [ "2154743266" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Unpopular Sovereignty: Rhodesian independence and African decolonization", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2411201553", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2016", "title": "turning against the union the impact of the crisis on the eurosceptic vote in the 2014 european parliament elections", "label": [ "94625758", "2777617010", "2781440851" ], "author": [ "2104913172", "2114701263" ], "reference": [ "297342784", "332884125", "1559040657", "1607858544", "1632028896", "1940221733", "1966989238", "1968327343", "1972028225", "1972170360", "1992848801", "2001607322", "2022043686", "2025965369", "2041547591", "2052935657", "2056082099", "2067056132", "2077434763", "2080443227", "2081269224", "2082395018", "2095334503", "2098380371", "2115074743", "2124357337", "2128134295", "2139234963", "2143755459", "2145186724", "2150758578", "2150796138", "2156351396", "2157829513", "2170291011", "2318835776", "3022732902", "3121992489", "3123053713" ], "abstract": "the 2014 european parliament elections were held against the backdrop of the worst economic crisis in post war europe the elections saw an unprecedented surge in support for eurosceptic parties this raises the question of whether the crisis and the eu s response to it can explain the rise of eurosceptic parties our analysis of the 2014 european election study demonstrates that the degree to which individuals were adversely affected by the crisis and their discontent with the eu s handling of the crisis are major factors in explaining defection from mainstream pro european to eurosceptic parties in these elections this suggests that far from being second order national elections concerned only with domestic politics european issues had a significant impact on vote choices", "title_raw": "Turning against the Union?: The impact of the crisis on the Eurosceptic vote in the 2014 European Parliament elections", "abstract_raw": "The 2014 European Parliament elections were held against the backdrop of the worst economic crisis in post-war Europe. The elections saw an unprecedented surge in support for Eurosceptic parties. This raises the question of whether the crisis, and the EU\u2019s response to it, can explain the rise of Eurosceptic parties. Our analysis of the 2014 European Election Study demonstrates that the degree to which individuals were adversely affected by the crisis and their discontent with the EU\u2019s handling of the crisis are major factors in explaining defection from mainstream pro-European to Eurosceptic parties in these elections. This suggests that far from being second-order national elections concerned only with domestic politics, European issues had a significant impact on vote choices." }, { "paper": "2553451863", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "isis is more than a terrorist group", "label": [ "199539241", "203133693" ], "author": [ "2123526518" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "ISIS Is More Than a Terrorist Group", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2333314245", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2016", "title": "the business of america is lobbying how corporations became politicized and politics became more corporate by lee drutman new york oxford university press 2015 288 pp 29 95", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2240552556" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Business of America Is Lobbying: How Corporations Became Politicized and Politics Became More Corporate by Lee Drutman. New York, Oxford University Press, 2015. 288 pp. $29.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2771670926", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "these disaster machines could help humanity prepare for cataclysms", "label": [ "2780422510" ], "author": [ "2314404025" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "These disaster machines could help humanity prepare for cataclysms", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2568505109", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2016", "title": "the supreme court as a constitutional court noel canning and judicial design", "label": [ "2778272461", "199539241", "2778645526" ], "author": [ "2109217703" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Supreme Court as a Constitutional Court: Noel Canning and judicial design", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2345735371", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2016", "title": "hegemonic authority and domestic legitimation japan and korea under chinese hegemonic order in early modern east asia", "label": [ "2776845398", "2776051254", "76775654", "135121143", "2776398702", "199539241", "34355311", "94625758", "2778495208" ], "author": [ "2794156756" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "some argue a powerful china will likely reestablish a sinocentric tribute system in pursuit of hegemony in asia this line of argument however rests on misleading images of the chinese empire while assuming hegemony is a product of a single agent and its activities but why do actors comply with defy or challenge hegemonic authority i argue hegemony is not just an outcome of the material power of the preponderant state but is constructed in interaction with other actors pursuit of domestic legitimation the tribute system and chinese hegemony in early modern east asia were built on symbolic domination chinese views of how international politics should work determined what was socially acceptable and legitimate while regulating the range of choices other actors could make due to domestic consequences it shows that crafty political leaders engaged in a form of symbolic politics that manipulated external recognition from the hegemon but in ways that strengthened their positions against domestic opp", "title_raw": "Hegemonic Authority and Domestic Legitimation: Japan and Korea under Chinese Hegemonic Order in Early Modern East Asia", "abstract_raw": "Some argue a powerful China will likely reestablish a Sinocentric tribute system in pursuit of hegemony in Asia. This line of argument, however, rests on misleading images of the Chinese empire while assuming hegemony is a product of a single agent and its activities. But, why do actors comply with, defy, or challenge hegemonic authority? I argue hegemony is not just an outcome of the material power of the preponderant state, but is constructed in interaction with other actors\u2019 pursuit of domestic legitimation. The tribute system and Chinese hegemony in early modern East Asia were built on symbolic domination\u2014Chinese views of how international politics should work determined what was socially acceptable and legitimate while regulating the range of choices other actors could make due to domestic consequences. It shows that crafty political leaders engaged in a form of symbolic politics that manipulated external recognition from the hegemon, but in ways that strengthened their positions against domestic opp..." }, { "paper": "2319798020", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2016", "title": "executive constraints and repression in democratic contexts the case of land protests in brazil", "label": [ "3116431", "555826173", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2058154634" ], "reference": [ "289336233", "1933618834", "1973684713", "1975809714", "1982540726", "1983880138", "1985373000", "1988797246", "1996701519", "2004709111", "2008555629", "2013587858", "2031210369", "2046623479", "2048111132", "2048569019", "2057270510", "2064201228", "2071808384", "2083513139", "2087014937", "2090732629", "2092386267", "2093238527", "2093748330", "2096125712", "2102255326", "2103451908", "2106250728", "2133992176", "2138833481", "2147609761", "2156520209", "2159889983", "2168775419", "2170793548", "2205721989", "2318756203", "2321922719", "2322273505", "3124017819", "3124202470", "3126132659" ], "abstract": "this paper uses brazilian subnational panel data for 1997 2005 to examine how electoral and partisan pressures affect the ways in which state governors respond to protests over agrarian reform the", "title_raw": "Executive Constraints and Repression in Democratic Contexts: The Case of Land Protests in Brazil", "abstract_raw": "This paper uses Brazilian subnational panel data for 1997\u20132005 to examine how electoral and partisan pressures affect the ways in which state governors respond to protests over agrarian reform. The..." }, { "paper": "2285364205", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2016", "title": "a bibliometric analysis to illustrate the role of an embedded research capability in south african national parks", "label": [ "84265765" ], "author": [ "96382945", "1978370206", "2054903230", "2630349645", "2539321091" ], "reference": [ "1492927791", "1519942499", "1552674852", "1729224468", "1968894504", "1978137998", "1983841655", "1989754324", "1990000789", "1993345334", "1996715232", "2008611075", "2008820738", "2009586482", "2014229261", "2020651131", "2021261501", "2034605787", "2036276838", "2036848733", "2037641132", "2049376874", "2053634139", "2059373838", "2064549441", "2065100598", "2072733046", "2075003122", "2081979189", "2082713655", "2082758991", "2092889950", "2101599977", "2104968988", "2105617237", "2110214305", "2111760270", "2116578167", "2118776848", "2129418799", "2132294441", "2136066577", "2144920054", "2150220236", "2153337981", "2159639712", "2161270072", "2165667213", "2178782888" ], "abstract": "we conducted a bibliometric analysis of research in or about south african national parks published between 2003 and 2013 our goal was to identify the major research topics and to examine the role of in house embedded researchers in producing relevant knowledge and in leveraging additional benefits through collaboration with external researchers the authorship of 1026 papers was highly collaborative with the majority of papers 70 being contributed by external researchers research was concentrated in five of the 19 parks and was biased towards animal and ecological process studies in savanna ecosystems researchers have mainly worked in older larger and arguably more aesthetically appealing parks that are either close to hand or that provide subsidized accommodation to researchers and that have established experimental setups or useful long term data smaller and more remote parks have received less research attention certain priority topics for management such as degradation of freshwater ecosystems global change marine ecology and socio ecological dynamics have not received much attention and are areas identified for growth embedded authors were found to be more highly connected and influential than external researchers leveraging and connecting many research projects we conclude that there are significant benefits to be gained for the management of protected areas through the maintenance of an embedded research capability", "title_raw": "A bibliometric analysis to illustrate the role of an embedded research capability in South African National Parks", "abstract_raw": "We conducted a bibliometric analysis of research in or about South African National Parks, published between 2003 and 2013. Our goal was to identify the major research topics, and to examine the role of in-house (\"embedded\") researchers in producing relevant knowledge and in leveraging additional benefits through collaboration with external researchers. The authorship of 1026 papers was highly collaborative, with the majority of papers (70 %) being contributed by external researchers. Research was concentrated in five of the 19 parks, and was biased towards animal and ecological process studies in savanna ecosystems. Researchers have mainly worked in older, larger, and arguably more aesthetically-appealing parks that are either close to hand or that provide subsidized accommodation to researchers, and that have established experimental setups or useful long-term data; smaller and more remote parks have received less research attention. Certain priority topics for management, such as degradation of freshwater ecosystems, global change, marine ecology, and socio-ecological dynamics have not received much attention, and are areas identified for growth. Embedded authors were found to be more highly connected and influential than external researchers, leveraging and connecting many research projects. We conclude that there are significant benefits to be gained for the management of protected areas through the maintenance of an embedded research capability." }, { "paper": "2304639084", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2016", "title": "everyday making through facebook engagement young citizens political interactions in australia the united kingdom and the united states", "label": [ "518677369", "2780781376", "39549134", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1936211063", "1999717789", "1778916541", "2314063685" ], "reference": [ "1532116631", "1559201186", "1585710142", "1777739389", "1970950875", "1973684531", "1990291963", "1992709085", "1997473111", "2008400471", "2011443510", "2016139583", "2032603161", "2040071383", "2045432600", "2050920897", "2062653525", "2070762819", "2086062081", "2091379279", "2097567448", "2102028610", "2106684094", "2111589509", "2111900853", "2120950648", "2123013052", "2146307317", "2148299999", "2165182028", "2257857366", "2328464415", "2336960502", "2408573612", "2477633453", "2482580983" ], "abstract": "the emergence of personalised interactive forms of social media has led to questions about the use of these platforms for engagement in politics existing research focuses on whether political act", "title_raw": "Everyday Making through Facebook Engagement: Young Citizens\u2019 Political Interactions in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States:", "abstract_raw": "The emergence of personalised, interactive forms of social media has led to questions about the use of these platforms for engagement in politics. Existing research focuses on whether political act..." }, { "paper": "2465300243", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2016", "title": "after the immigration shock the causal effect of immigration on electoral preferences", "label": [ "70036468", "158886217", "111141941" ], "author": [ "2152911410" ], "reference": [ "827826806", "1490884697", "1558484812", "1568083759", "1952731123", "1970254395", "1998252426", "2012501465", "2014098616", "2018667521", "2020334443", "2033157692", "2034328075", "2041327213", "2051935979", "2057659248", "2081234186", "2084003806", "2095610064", "2101249888", "2114785721", "2116085436", "2118193764", "2119077481", "2120440585", "2120804172", "2123621480", "2124663736", "2124758339", "2126914106", "2132749296", "2134304653", "2134511983", "2136339780", "2144180580", "2144354189", "2147703902", "2147837005", "2155408835", "2167257015", "2171463992", "2171549113", "2762727550", "3121458469", "3122378940", "3122386536", "3125781151" ], "abstract": "abstract the influx of immigrants to norway over the last decades is a large scale natural experiment this paper exploits municipal level variations in the immigrant population 1977 2011 to estimate the causal effects on voter support for the right wing anti immigration progress party the results indicate that voters keep incumbents accountable for permissive immigration policies immigration from non western countries africa asia latin america has increased electoral support for the progress party however the effects are quite modest and noticeable only in the initial phases of immigration survey data covering ten elections 1989 2011 indicate a similar development in anti immigration attitudes the primary immigration shock tends to burn out quite fast as people get direct experience of immigrants on a daily basis", "title_raw": "After the immigration shock: The causal effect of immigration on electoral preferences", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The influx of immigrants to Norway over the last decades is a large-scale natural experiment. This paper exploits municipal-level variations in the immigrant population (1977\u20132011) to estimate the causal effects on voter support for the right-wing, anti-immigration Progress Party. The results indicate that voters keep incumbents accountable for permissive immigration policies. Immigration from non-Western countries (Africa, Asia, Latin America) has increased electoral support for the Progress Party. However, the effects are quite modest and noticeable only in the initial phases of immigration. Survey data covering ten elections (1989\u20132011) indicate a similar development in anti-immigration attitudes. The primary immigration shock tends to burn out quite fast as people get direct experience of immigrants on a daily basis." }, { "paper": "2557956915", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "reading trump s middle east policy", "label": [ "3116431", "554936623", "93377909", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2653728118", "2603199024" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reading Trump's Middle East Policy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2557094626", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2016", "title": "disgraced stem cell entrepreneur under fresh investigation", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2106465385" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Disgraced stem-cell entrepreneur under fresh investigation", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2601902291", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "in palmyra archeaologists tally the losses after islamic state retreats", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2675385835" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "In Palmyra, archeaologists tally the losses after Islamic State retreats", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2301544118", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2016", "title": "advisory network six principles for eu peer review", "label": [ "138368954", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2569289817", "2289635469" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Advisory network: Six principles for EU peer review", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2339442789", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2016", "title": "family activism immigrant struggles and the politics of noncitizenship", "label": [ "94625758", "70036468" ], "author": [ "6101366" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Family Activism: Immigrant Struggles and the Politics of Noncitizenship:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2581818230", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2016", "title": "reflections on international judicialization", "label": [ "55447825", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2637352402" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this lecture was delivered at the european society of international law s annual conference which was held in oslo in september 2015 addressing the move to judicialization the lecture touches on the function of international courts and tribunals in resolving disputes and contributing to the gradual development of international law and their role as social agents in the evolution of human consciousness and actions adopting a historical and personal perspective the lecture identifies a number of areas for reflection at various international courts and tribunals and seeks to encourage the community of international lawyers to engage more actively with sensitive realities in the spirit of constructive critique", "title_raw": "Reflections on International Judicialization", "abstract_raw": "This lecture was delivered at the European Society of International Law\u2019s annual conference, which was held in Oslo in September 2015. Addressing the move to judicialization, the lecture touches on the function of international courts and tribunals in resolving disputes and contributing to the gradual development of international law and their role as social agents in the evolution of human consciousness and actions. Adopting a historical and personal perspective, the lecture identifies a number of areas for reflection at various international courts and tribunals and seeks to encourage the community of international lawyers to engage more actively with sensitive realities, in the spirit of constructive critique." }, { "paper": "2540230076", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2016", "title": "the silent revolution decollectivization from below during the cultural revolution", "label": [ "2779403266", "177002080" ], "author": [ "2779849471" ], "reference": [ "598141124", "1571378003", "1989206144", "2006016292", "2017223312", "2029276028", "2076368019", "2116114457", "2181249504", "2313956986", "2617548193", "3124908845" ], "abstract": "this article uses fresh archival evidence to point at a rarely noticed phenomenon namely the undermining of the planned economy by a myriad of dispersed acts of resistance during the last years of the cultural revolution villagers reconnected with the market in some of the poorest places in the hinterland as well as in better off regions along the coast this silent structural revolution often involved the quiet acquiescence if not active cooperation of local cadres in conclusion the article suggests that if there was an architect of economic reforms it was the people and not deng xiaoping as with his counterparts in central europe and the soviet union deng had little choice but to go along with the flow", "title_raw": "The Silent Revolution: Decollectivization from Below during the Cultural Revolution", "abstract_raw": "This article uses fresh archival evidence to point at a rarely noticed phenomenon, namely the undermining of the planned economy by a myriad of dispersed acts of resistance during the last years of the Cultural Revolution. Villagers reconnected with the market in some of the poorest places in the hinterland as well as in better-off regions along the coast. This silent, structural revolution often involved the quiet acquiescence, if not active cooperation, of local cadres. In conclusion, the article suggests that if there was an architect of economic reforms, it was the people and not Deng Xiaoping: as with his counterparts in Central Europe and the Soviet Union, Deng had little choice but to go along with the flow." }, { "paper": "2320191562", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2016", "title": "research gets increasingly international", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "273399073" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "big us report documents increases in international collaboration and chinese science output", "title_raw": "Research gets increasingly international", "abstract_raw": "Big US report documents increases in international collaboration and Chinese science output." }, { "paper": "2516926894", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "london s biomedical behemoth opens its doors", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "1736644647" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the largest biomedical research building in europe the 650 million francis crick institute in london has nearly 93 000 square meters of floor space top flight instruments a special lab for dangerous pathogens and animal facilities with 35 000 cages this week the first of 1500 researchers and support staff begin moving in from two major biomedical institutes collaborators will join them from three universities in london and a pharmaceutical company but the united kingdom9s vote in june to leave the european union has dampened some of the elation restrictions on migration could make it more difficult to recruit from overseas and limited access to eu research funds could squeeze the operating budget some domestic observers worry that it will suck up so much talent and funding that universities outside london will suffer but supporters say the crick will strengthen science nationwide", "title_raw": "London's biomedical behemoth opens its doors", "abstract_raw": "The largest biomedical research building in Europe\u2014the \u00a3650 million Francis Crick Institute in London\u2014has nearly 93,000 square meters of floor space, top-flight instruments, a special lab for dangerous pathogens, and animal facilities with 35,000 cages. This week, the first of 1500 researchers and support staff begin moving in from two major biomedical institutes. Collaborators will join them from three universities in London and a pharmaceutical company. But the United Kingdom9s vote in June to leave the European Union has dampened some of the elation. Restrictions on migration could make it more difficult to recruit from overseas, and limited access to EU research funds could squeeze the operating budget. Some domestic observers worry that it will suck up so much talent and funding that universities outside London will suffer, but supporters say the Crick will strengthen science nationwide." }, { "paper": "3124641662", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2016", "title": "are supreme court nominations a move the median game", "label": [ "197487636", "2778272461", "139621336", "2778521920", "158071213", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2004730697", "2432915698" ], "reference": [ "566086297", "580941623", "606713509", "1531214083", "1559326158", "1569025994", "1583527456", "1588164791", "1703142234", "1981550176", "1986704092", "1993125233", "2010609007", "2017099368", "2020208015", "2043875203", "2044426131", "2091438303", "2100810602", "2105516559", "2114531343", "2115460635", "2117804386", "2124617981", "2127212138", "2130207264", "2133255576", "2136239019", "2141053676", "2147963572", "2153140039", "2155384269", "2158171774", "2161923163", "2168821631", "2316069265", "2321372108", "2321864400", "2322109164", "2324226300", "2333934924", "2799545415", "3122009225", "3124688081", "3124757577", "3124976103", "3125975747", "3126128942", "3193575196" ], "abstract": "we conduct a theoretical and empirical re evaluation of move the median mtm models of supreme court nominations the one theory of appointment politics that connects presidential selection and senatorial confirmation decisions we develop a theoretical framework that encompasses the major extant models formalizing the tradeoff between concerns about the location of the new median justice versus concerns about the ideology of the nominee herself we then use advances in measurement and scaling to place presidents senators justices and nominees on the same scale allowing us to test predictions that hold across all model variants we find very little support for mtm theory senators have been much more accommodating of the president s nominees than mtm theory would suggest many have been confirmed when the theory predicted they should have been rejected these errors have been consequential presidents have selected many nominees who are much more extreme than mtm theory would predict these results raise serious questions about the adequacy of mtm theory for explaining confirmation politics and have important implications for assessing the ideological composition of the court", "title_raw": "Are Supreme Court Nominations a Move-the-Median Game?", "abstract_raw": "We conduct a theoretical and empirical re-evaluation of move-the-median (MTM) models of Supreme Court nominations\u2014the one theory of appointment politics that connects presidential selection and senatorial confirmation decisions. We develop a theoretical framework that encompasses the major extant models, formalizing the tradeoff between concerns about the location of the new median justice versus concerns about the ideology of the nominee herself. We then use advances in measurement and scaling to place presidents, senators, justices, and nominees on the same scale, allowing us to test predictions that hold across all model variants. We find very little support for MTM theory. Senators have been much more accommodating of the president\u2019s nominees than MTM theory would suggest\u2014many have been confirmed when the theory predicted they should have been rejected. These errors have been consequential: presidents have selected many nominees who are much more extreme than MTM theory would predict. These results raise serious questions about the adequacy of MTM theory for explaining confirmation politics and have important implications for assessing the ideological composition of the Court." }, { "paper": "2339480964", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2016", "title": "militant around the clock left wing youth politics leisure and sexuality in post dictatorship greece 1974 1981 by nikolaos papadogiannis", "label": [ "53813258", "94625758", "48327123", "124717273", "2779808665" ], "author": [ "271437120" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Militant around the clock? Left-wing youth politics, leisure, and sexuality in post-dictatorship Greece, 1974\u20131981, by Nikolaos Papadogiannis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2231247894", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2016", "title": "managing escalation missile defence strategy and us alliances", "label": [ "2778431023", "2778880830", "60643870", "199539241", "199776023", "2780224610" ], "author": [ "765027202" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "missile defence plays an increasing role in nato and in most us alliances in asia which raises the question of what impact it has on the management of extended deterrence extended deterrence relies on the threat of escalation since the costs of escalation are different for different allies the management of extended deterrence is inherently difficult missile defence shifts the relative costs of conflict and therefore also impacts on the alliance bargains that underpin agreement on extended deterrence strategy although increased defensive capacity is a clear net benefit the strategic effects of its deployment and use can still be complex if for example missile defence increases the chances of localizing a conflict the article discusses the role of missile defences for the us homeland and of the territory and population of us allies for extended deterrence credibility and the reassurance of us allies in asia and in nato it argues that there is increased scope in strengthening deterrence by enmeshing the defence of the us homeland with that of its allies and that allies need to pay closer attention to the way the deployment and use of missile defence influence pressures for escalation in general missile defence thus reinforces the need for the united states and its allies in europe and asia to negotiate an overall alliance strategy", "title_raw": "Managing escalation: missile defence, strategy and US alliances", "abstract_raw": "Missile defence plays an increasing role in NATO and in most US alliances in Asia, which raises the question of what impact it has on the management of extended deterrence. Extended deterrence relies on the threat of escalation. Since the costs of escalation are different for different allies, the management of extended deterrence is inherently difficult. Missile defence shifts the relative costs of conflict, and therefore also impacts on the alliance bargains that underpin agreement on extended deterrence strategy. Although increased defensive capacity is a clear net benefit, the strategic effects of its deployment and use can still be complex if, for example, missile defence increases the chances of localizing a conflict. The article discusses the role of missile defences for the US homeland, and of the territory and population of US allies, for extended deterrence credibility and the reassurance of US allies in Asia and in NATO. It argues that there is increased scope in strengthening deterrence by enmeshing the defence of the US homeland with that of its allies, and that allies need to pay closer attention to the way the deployment and use of missile defence influence pressures for escalation. In general, missile defence thus reinforces the need for the United States and its allies in Europe and Asia to negotiate an overall alliance strategy." }, { "paper": "2568059932", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "muslims talking politics framing islam democracy and law in northern nigeria", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "715397595" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Muslims Talking Politics: Framing Islam, Democracy, and Law in Northern Nigeria.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2510570138", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2016", "title": "friends disappear the battle for racial equality in evanston", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2321026025" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Friends Disappear: The Battle For Racial Equality in Evanston", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2492510150", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2016", "title": "correspondence the effects of acquiring nuclear weapons", "label": [ "194110935", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2100900767", "2149982559" ], "reference": [ "1892932416" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Correspondence: The Effects of Acquiring Nuclear Weapons", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2597661372", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "biosecurity board grapples with how to rein in risky flu studies", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Biosecurity board grapples with how to rein in risky flu studies", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2507265728", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2016", "title": "cancer experts unveil wishlist for us government moonshot", "label": [ "2779473830", "148834064" ], "author": [ "1986577267" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Cancer experts unveil wishlist for US government \u2018moonshot\u2019", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2566327696", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2016", "title": "official diplomacy and peacekeeping efforts of religious organizations", "label": [ "183761623", "557252395", "3116431", "2994117223" ], "author": [ "2707438922" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Official Diplomacy and Peacekeeping Efforts of Religious Organizations", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2500071598", "venue": "167854760", "year": "2016", "title": "a review of tourism and oil preparing for the challenge by susanne becken", "label": [ "18918823" ], "author": [ "2097937431" ], "reference": [ "2089104543", "2116920674", "2146465472", "2160782277", "2164272467", "2177889928", "2279303440", "2404856932", "2492620390", "2609966830" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Review of \u201cTourism and oil: preparing for the challenge\u201d, by Susanne Becken", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2561312527", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2016", "title": "asean in the current era of regional geopolitical instability", "label": [ "201960208" ], "author": [ "2611553929" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "ASEAN in the Current Era of Regional Geopolitical Instability", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2943247015", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2016", "title": "educate the individual to a sane appreciation of the risk", "label": [ "61326887", "2778447849", "199539241", "2781257228", "187155963" ], "author": [ "2132432674", "2138854602" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the occupational safety and health act of 1970 and the workers right to know laws later in that decade were signature moments in the history of occupational safety and health we have examined how and why industry leaders came to accept that it was the obligation of business to provide information about the dangers to health of the materials that workers encountered informing workers about the hazards of the job had plagued labor management relations and fed labor disputes strikes and even pitched battles during the turn of the century decades industry s rhetorical embrace of the responsibility to inform was part of its argument that government regulation of the workplace was not necessary because private corporations were doing it abstract from author", "title_raw": "Educate the Individual ... to a Sane Appreciation of the Risk", "abstract_raw": "The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 and the Workers Right to Know laws later in that decade were signature moments in the history of occupational safety and health. We have examined how and why industry leaders came to accept that it was the obligation of business to provide information about the dangers to health of the materials that workers encountered. Informing workers about the hazards of the job had plagued labor-management relations and fed labor disputes, strikes, and even pitched battles during the turn of the century decades. Industry's rhetorical embrace of the responsibility to inform was part of its argument that government regulation of the workplace was not necessary because private corporations were doing it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]" }, { "paper": "2433626276", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2016", "title": "a spiral of skepticism the relationship between citizens involvement with campaign information to their skepticism and political knowledge", "label": [ "2776129789", "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2017100853", "356644237", "283403544", "2653279388" ], "reference": [ "1616161165", "1968618028", "1975946830", "1981793515", "1983055920", "1985575435", "1995298384", "1995381477", "2000738191", "2026805706", "2034820849", "2048149117", "2070353486", "2071666535", "2072782425", "2080057505", "2092517937", "2099762866", "2108014088", "2109351165", "2124948260", "2131186670", "2134021902", "2134594810", "2135111097", "2139481445", "2143025102", "2143249348", "2146307317", "2151544484", "2152729704", "2163154532", "2217138901" ], "abstract": "scholars have emphasized the importance of an informed citizenry for a healthy democracy as a result research has examined whether campaign information fosters positive or negative democratic outcomes this article examines the relationship between information seeking and skepticism we also examine whether skepticism leads to democratically beneficial outcomes we examine these relationships using survey data collected during the course of the 2012 presidential election we found an over time relationship between campaign information seeking and skepticism we also found that skepticism leads to increased knowledge at the end of the election through information seeking", "title_raw": "A Spiral of Skepticism? The Relationship Between Citizens\u2019 Involvement With Campaign Information to Their Skepticism and Political Knowledge:", "abstract_raw": "Scholars have emphasized the importance of an informed citizenry for a healthy democracy. As a result, research has examined whether campaign information fosters positive or negative democratic outcomes. This article examines the relationship between information seeking and skepticism. We also examine whether skepticism leads to democratically beneficial outcomes. We examine these relationships using survey data collected during the course of the 2012 Presidential Election. We found an over-time relationship between campaign information seeking and skepticism. We also found that skepticism leads to increased knowledge at the end of the election through information seeking." }, { "paper": "2346415892", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2016", "title": "how long will south africa survive the looming crisis by r w johnson south africa s insurgent citizens on dissent and the possibility of politics by julian brown", "label": [ "523173360", "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2114185498" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How long will South Africa survive? The looming crisis. By R. W. Johnson: South Africa's insurgent citizens: on dissent and the possibility of politics. By Julian Brown", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2301226786", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2016", "title": "the three faces of german leadership", "label": [ "2776831358", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2515320372" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "germany has acted as enforcer facilitator and benefactor in europe s triple crisis but not always coherently", "title_raw": "The Three Faces of German Leadership", "abstract_raw": "Germany has acted as enforcer, facilitator and benefactor in Europe's triple crisis, but not always coherently." }, { "paper": "1576382519", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2016", "title": "co ordination across internal organizational boundaries how the eu commission co ordinates climate policies", "label": [ "3116431", "2776034101", "51575053" ], "author": [ "2050128114", "2655006940" ], "reference": [ "449650254", "562743883", "594304051", "1793720500", "1968041969", "1969822922", "1970041439", "1972554072", "1998900626", "2018363888", "2018617336", "2025129286", "2103878614", "2128973761", "2145697651", "2162098347", "2171382264", "2486634504", "2500396460", "2502185777", "2506412296", "2578665522", "2795621218", "2800175046" ], "abstract": "abstractthrough an analysis of climate policy making in the european commission eu this article argues that co ordination in the commission displays the same characteristics as the co ordination across ministries in central governments i e the properties of negative co ordination the article is based on a survey among commission officials overall the article reveals that a public administration perspective on the commission proves invaluable to gain insights on how decisions are made at the european union level the article contributes to the emerging literature viewing the commission as an ordinary bureaucracy as opposed to a unique supranational organization", "title_raw": "Co-ordination across internal organizational boundaries: how the EU Commission co-ordinates climate policies", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACTThrough an analysis of climate policy-making in the European Commission (EU), this article argues that co-ordination in the Commission displays the same characteristics as the co-ordination across ministries in central governments, i.e., the properties of negative co-ordination. The article is based on a survey among Commission officials. Overall, the article reveals that a public administration perspective on the Commission proves invaluable to gain insights on how decisions are made at the European Union level. The article contributes to the emerging literature viewing the Commission as an ordinary bureaucracy \u2013 as opposed to a unique supranational organization." }, { "paper": "2564629903", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2016", "title": "cambodia and russia six decades of solid and dynamic partnership", "label": [ "71750763" ], "author": [ "2563812321" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Cambodia and Russia: Six Decades of Solid and Dynamic Partnership", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2555559755", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2016", "title": "new democracies and the risk of civil conflict the lasting legacy of military rule", "label": [ "2776594853", "17058734", "2777162435", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2286470148", "236712373" ], "reference": [ "3256051", "47987020", "296931085", "1520941532", "1557169708", "1833042173", "1967654433", "1968837394", "1970275528", "1973949054", "1985843348", "1989246932", "2004769985", "2007352806", "2024693924", "2029425540", "2038010592", "2038631063", "2047156377", "2059218518", "2062093040", "2068035722", "2068605385", "2073493950", "2083620364", "2107992979", "2108277144", "2112044344", "2118613808", "2121478465", "2125931672", "2131830082", "2132509947", "2142013610", "2145092291", "2145542285", "2145724308", "2146766975", "2149758946", "2151780178", "2156536443", "2160219544", "2160446276", "2166504420", "2166749687", "2167155027", "2167679409", "2168328945", "2170332677", "2320039210", "2326807622", "2518542753", "3082342980", "3123404740", "3124322728", "3133157113" ], "abstract": "existing theories of regime transitions suggest that new democracies are more prone to political violence than consolidated democracies we contend that this risk varies based on the political lega", "title_raw": "New democracies and the risk of civil conflict: The lasting legacy of military rule", "abstract_raw": "Existing theories of regime transitions suggest that new democracies are more prone to political violence than consolidated democracies. We contend that this risk varies based on the political lega..." }, { "paper": "2239918104", "venue": "90857023", "year": "2016", "title": "global talent skilled labor as social capital in korea by gi wook shin and joon nak choi stanford stanford university press 2015 xi 216 pages 24 95 paperback", "label": [ "68062652" ], "author": [ "2137710009" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Global Talent: Skilled Labor as Social Capital in Korea. By Gi\u2010Wook Shin and Joon Nak Choi. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015. xi, 216 pages. $24.95 paperback.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2301592310", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2016", "title": "a win for democracy in sri lanka", "label": [ "2776129789", "59742305", "81631423", "2779621654", "68346564", "555826173", "44394981" ], "author": [ "2677385033" ], "reference": [ "1978046113", "1991959686", "2011949637", "2158589545", "2164667032", "2245471154", "2491577822", "2567371215" ], "abstract": "if sri lanka s civil war contributed to democratic recession the defeat of the separatist liberation tigers of tamil eelam emboldened president mahinda rajapaksa to become increasingly authoritarian in the january 2015 presidential election however a multiethnic and ideologically diverse coalition led by maithripala sirisena defeated the miscalculating rajapaksa seven months later a similar coalition thwarted rajapaksa s attempts to make a comeback as prime minister through parliamentary elections the ensuing national unity government s attempts to revive independent institutions effectuate transitional justice and rebalance sri lanka s foreign relations will partly determine the degree to which the island regains its once commendable democratic credentials", "title_raw": "A Win for Democracy in Sri Lanka", "abstract_raw": "If Sri Lanka\u2019s civil war contributed to democratic recession, the defeat of the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam emboldened President Mahinda Rajapaksa to become increasingly authoritarian. In the January 2015 presidential election, however, a multiethnic and ideologically diverse coalition led by Maithripala Sirisena defeated the miscalculating Rajapaksa. Seven months later a similar coalition thwarted Rajapaksa\u2019s attempts to make a comeback as prime minister through parliamentary elections. The ensuing national unity government\u2019s attempts to revive independent institutions, effectuate transitional justice, and rebalance Sri Lanka\u2019s foreign relations will partly determine the degree to which the island regains its once commendable democratic credentials." }, { "paper": "2560565686", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "dangerous days in zambia", "label": [ "17058734" ], "author": [ "2557415704" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dangerous Days in Zambia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2531721440", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2016", "title": "jeff strickland unequal freedoms ethnicity race and white supremacy in civil war era charleston", "label": [ "81631423", "2778325511" ], "author": [ "2504657725" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Jeff Strickland. Unequal Freedoms: Ethnicity, Race, and White Supremacy in Civil War\u2013Era Charleston.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2471061342", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "reforms to improve u s government accountability", "label": [ "2775833480", "17319257", "2776452267", "51575053", "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2634925165", "2654278032" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "five decades after the united states first enacted the freedom of information act foia congress has voted to make the first major reforms to the statute since 2007 president lyndon johnson signed the first foia on 4 july 1966 enshrining in law the public s right to access to information from executive branch government agencies scientists and others around the world can use the foia to learn what the u s government has done in its policies and practices proposed reforms should be a net benefit to public understanding of the scientific process and knowledge by increasing the access of scientists to archival materials and reducing the likelihood of science and scientists being suppressed by official secrecy or bureaucracy", "title_raw": "Reforms to improve U.S. government accountability", "abstract_raw": "Five decades after the United States first enacted the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Congress has voted to make the first major reforms to the statute since 2007. President Lyndon Johnson signed the first FOIA on 4 July 1966, enshrining in law the public's right to access to information from executive branch government agencies. Scientists and others around the world can use the FOIA to learn what the U.S. government has done in its policies and practices. Proposed reforms should be a net benefit to public understanding of the scientific process and knowledge, by increasing the access of scientists to archival materials and reducing the likelihood of science and scientists being suppressed by official secrecy or bureaucracy." }, { "paper": "2486579470", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2016", "title": "inside the black box", "label": [ "2781413071", "53844881" ], "author": [ "2096011826" ], "reference": [ "1639006700", "1941471478", "1963892699", "1968615050", "2000241317", "2033274166", "2035500993", "2050687568", "2056889406", "2108009726", "2109316836", "2397465724" ], "abstract": "this article is a case study of how one of the strongest mass parties of western democracies the austrian socialist party spo largely replaced its mass organization with the survey method and modern means of mass communication as its major links with the general electorate these party changes are compatible with both an environmentalist and a purposive action interpretation however party adaptation to environmental changes did not occur automatically as implied by the environmentalist approach rather each innovation met resistance and was introduced only belatedly or half heartedly the most elaborate purposive action theory of party change harmel and janda 1994 fits well with the case of the spo s organizational modernization leadership change change of the dominant faction and external shocks exhaust the factors required to explain party organization change on the basis of this case study leadership change is considered as the single most important factor", "title_raw": "Inside the Black Box", "abstract_raw": "This article is a case study of how one of the strongest mass parties of western democracies, the Austrian Socialist Party (SPO), largely replaced its mass organization with the survey method and modern means of mass communication as its major links with the general electorate. These party changes are compatible with both an `environmentalist' and a `purposive-action' interpretation. However, party adaptation to environmental changes did not occur automatically, as implied by the `environmentalist' approach. Rather, each innovation met resistance and was introduced only belatedly or half-heartedly. The most elaborate `purposive-action' theory of party change (Harmel and Janda, 1994) fits well with the case of the SPO's organizational modernization. Leadership change, change of the dominant faction and external shocks exhaust the factors required to explain party organization change. On the basis of this case study leadership change is considered as the single most important factor." }, { "paper": "2491780515", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2016", "title": "crowdsourcing the egyptian constitution social media elites and the populace", "label": [ "3116431", "62230096", "44725695", "2780105190", "2775987171", "2776154427", "518677369", "203663800", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2201040687", "3160556165" ], "reference": [ "3482068", "1480210340", "1488416994", "1497427780", "1501205799", "1563408096", "1568520485", "2005630040", "2008545965", "2008575100", "2018981406", "2087755967", "2091635060", "2092365764", "2100602508", "2109088336", "2115495588", "2124088299", "2156932694", "2172132673", "2328122707", "2789772443", "2969434394", "2993834329", "3121180591" ], "abstract": "drawing on empirical evidence from online citizen feedback on the 2012 egyptian constitution we demonstrate that despite normative skepticism about implications of participatory constitution making citizen participation matters using data of more than 650 000 online votes and comments on the constitution we find that draft provisions with higher public approval are less likely to change and those with lower approval are more likely to change we also find that articles related to rights and freedoms are more likely to change based on online public input finally following the boycott of the constituent assembly by non islamists changes in draft articles based on public feedback drop sharply these findings highlight the conditions under which participatory constitution making becomes more effective first consensus among citizens over the most salient issues increases the probability that those issues would be successfully incorporated in the constitution second without ex ante elite agreement ov", "title_raw": "Crowdsourcing the Egyptian Constitution: Social Media, Elites, and the Populace", "abstract_raw": "Drawing on empirical evidence from online citizen feedback on the 2012 Egyptian Constitution, we demonstrate that despite normative skepticism about implications of participatory constitution making, citizen participation matters. Using data of more than 650,000 online votes and comments on the constitution, we find that draft provisions with higher public approval are less likely to change and those with lower approval are more likely to change. We also find that Articles related to rights and freedoms are more likely to change based on online public input. Finally, following the boycott of the Constituent Assembly by non-Islamists, changes in draft Articles based on public feedback drop sharply. These findings highlight the conditions under which participatory constitution making becomes more effective. First, consensus among citizens over the most salient issues increases the probability that those issues would be successfully incorporated in the constitution. Second, without ex ante elite agreement ov..." }, { "paper": "2567589432", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2016", "title": "reforming new orleans the contentious politics of change in the big easy by peter f burns and matthew o thomas ithaca ny cornell university press 2015 226p 69 95 cloth 22 95 paper", "label": [ "2778814104" ], "author": [ "2793720287" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Reforming New Orleans: The Contentious Politics of Change in the Big Easy. By Peter F. Burns and Matthew O. Thomas. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015. 226p. $69.95 cloth, $22.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3125939266", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2016", "title": "the fourth amendment as administrative governance", "label": [ "2778223634", "504945742", "58583792", "2777632292", "69775031" ], "author": [ "2630784680" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Fourth Amendment as Administrative Governance", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3121176378", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2016", "title": "the cycles of separation of powers jurisprudence", "label": [ "200288055", "23381644", "2911112267", "2778272461", "44725695", "126053111", "71043370" ], "author": [ "2303923532", "2052911056" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Cycles of Separation-of-Powers Jurisprudence", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2073324895", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2016", "title": "prejudice in politics group position public opinion and the wisconsin treaty rights dispute", "label": [ "2779010840", "134698397", "107062074", "199539241", "56617239", "94625758", "100505606" ], "author": [ "948695462" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Prejudice in Politics: Group Position, Public Opinion, and the Wisconsin Treaty Rights Dispute", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2563775650", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2016", "title": "multimethod research a case for formal theory", "label": [ "184356942", "2776970286" ], "author": [ "2475736794", "2343223360" ], "reference": [ "1692956411", "1938565716", "1988228605", "1999326695", "2000700250", "2047156377", "2095807710", "2100813070", "2109641709", "2132575282", "2135368025", "2139464841", "2159300646", "2192066089", "2485390879", "2611650136", "2736051601" ], "abstract": "formal theory and historical case studies especially those that use process tracing are extremely well suited companions in research to bolster future research employing both case studies and formal theory we suggest some best practices as well as some common pitfalls to avoid", "title_raw": "Multimethod Research:: A Case for Formal Theory", "abstract_raw": "Formal theory and historical case studies, especially those that use process tracing, are extremely well suited companions in research. To bolster future research employing both case studies and formal theory, we suggest some best practices as well as some (common) pitfalls to avoid." }, { "paper": "2955111346", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2016", "title": "war and democratic constraint how the public influences foreign policy by matthew a baum and philip b k potter", "label": [ "93377909", "555826173" ], "author": [ "1252368773" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "War and Democratic Constraint: How the Public Influences Foreign Policy by Matthew A. Baum and Philip B. K. Potter", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2464859454", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2016", "title": "uk scientists in limbo after brexit shock", "label": [ "2778139618", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2106465385", "2011076267", "1421404108" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "UK scientists in limbo after Brexit shock", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2543668893", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "brexit s false democracy", "label": [ "555826173", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2122002597" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Brexit's False Democracy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2131022417", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2016", "title": "protesting culture and economics in western europe new cleavages in left and right politics by swen hutter university of minnesota press 2014 220 pp 25 paper 75 cloth", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "309356585" ], "reference": [ "162801523", "171720695", "1493426459", "2048991735", "2139844978", "2488663465" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Protesting Culture and Economics in Western Europe: New Cleavages in Left and Right Politics By Swen Hutter University of Minnesota Press. 2014. 220 pp. $25 paper, $75 cloth", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2508892066", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2016", "title": "zoned in the usa the origins and implications of american land use regulation by sonia a hirt ithaca ny cornell university press 2014 245p 75 00 cloth 24 95 paper displacing democracy economic segregation in america by amy widestrom philadelphia pa university of pennsylvania press 2015 255p 59 95", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2127960796" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Zoned in the USA: The Origins and Implications of American Land-Use Regulation. by Sonia A. Hirt. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2014. 245p. $75.00 cloth, $24.95 paper. Displacing Democracy: Economic Segregation in America. by Amy Widestrom. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015. 255p. $59.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2584174833", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2016", "title": "barrie needham 2014 dutch land use planning the principles and the practice farnham ashgate", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2781355051" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Barrie Needham 2014: Dutch Land-use Planning: The Principles and the Practice. Farnham: Ashgate", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2507804965", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2016", "title": "the size of others burdens barack obama jane addams and the politics of helping others", "label": [ "199539241", "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2761322334" ], "reference": [ "1563125460" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Size of Others\u2019 Burdens: Barack Obama, Jane Addams, and the Politics of Helping Others", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2398092502", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "public participation in china s project plans", "label": [ "3116431", "2777976496", "191935318", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2752796837", "3187236431", "2115124932", "2236975057" ], "reference": [ "1598393089", "2012529764", "2177812035" ], "abstract": "the success of china s government funded megaprojects including the south to north water diversion snwd project 1 1 2 2 and the three gorges dam project 3 3 is in question a change in the chinese government s top down decisionmaking process for such projects would help", "title_raw": "Public participation in China's project plans.", "abstract_raw": "The success of China's government-funded megaprojects, including the South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) project ([ 1 ][1], [ 2 ][2]) and the Three Gorges Dam project ([ 3 ][3]), is in question. A change in the Chinese government's top-down decisionmaking process for such projects would help.\n\n![" }, { "paper": "2535112174", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "colombia peace deal blow dismays ecologists", "label": [ "2781462389", "203663800" ], "author": [ "2312194069" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "for decades colombia s most interesting and diverse ecosystems have been occupied by guerrilla fighters and other armed groups forcing scientists to stay away but for a hopeful week the threat finally seemed to have lifted on 26 september colombia s government and the revolutionary armed forces of colombia signed an agreement ending 52 years of conflict as the fighters pledged to lay down their weapons scientists made plans to return to the field sometimes to research stations they had been forced to abandon years earlier but on 2 october colombians in a referendum narrowly rejected the peace accord leaving researchers wondering when it will truly be safe for fieldwork and whether colombia will ever be able to direct its resources away from war and toward research", "title_raw": "Colombia peace deal blow dismays ecologists", "abstract_raw": "For decades, Colombia's most interesting and diverse ecosystems have been occupied by guerrilla fighters and other armed groups, forcing scientists to stay away. But for a hopeful week, the threat finally seemed to have lifted. On 26 September, Colombia's government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia signed an agreement ending 52 years of conflict. As the fighters pledged to lay down their weapons, scientists made plans to return to the field\u2014sometimes to research stations they had been forced to abandon years earlier. But on 2 October, Colombians in a referendum narrowly rejected the peace accord, leaving researchers wondering when it will truly be safe for fieldwork, and whether Colombia will ever be able to direct its resources away from war and toward research." }, { "paper": "2226093932", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2016", "title": "the domestic use of drones an ethical analysis of surveillance issues", "label": [ "39549134", "2776475305", "2776007630", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2256268453", "2168057691" ], "reference": [ "49373757", "131521430", "438430436", "1557882375", "1917677320", "1966096765", "1968596451", "1970337820", "1980051702", "1983266722", "1984344777", "1991511775", "2032445460", "2035622018", "2040018884", "2048746439", "2078038748", "2094950424", "2134760406", "2135404743", "2152806417", "2152879721", "2290731436", "2318963887", "2913030584", "3122865841", "3123078759", "3125083128" ], "abstract": "drone surveillance can be regarded either as a justifiable impartial practice serving the interests of all or as an oppressive technique catering to the interests of some at the expense of others this analysis is an effort to weigh the ethical prospects and problems in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles by asking whether surveillance of civilians is ethical to address this question classical philosophical and modern behavioral approaches to ethics are used the inquiry begins with the importance of the issue followed by its evolution and current status after describing the method of analysis the article examines arguments for and against domestic monitoring the unique utility of drones can accomplish much in the public interest while simultaneously creating moral hazards the conclusion discusses accountability standards model legislation provisions and regulatory criteria for aerial vehicle surveillance", "title_raw": "The Domestic Use of Drones: An Ethical Analysis of Surveillance Issues", "abstract_raw": "Drone surveillance can be regarded either as a justifiable, impartial practice serving the interests of all or as an oppressive technique catering to the interests of some at the expense of others. This analysis is an effort to weigh the ethical prospects and problems in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles by asking whether surveillance of civilians is ethical. To address this question, classical philosophical and modern behavioral approaches to ethics are used. The inquiry begins with the importance of the issue, followed by its evolution and current status. After describing the method of analysis, the article examines arguments for and against domestic monitoring. The unique utility of drones can accomplish much in the public interest while simultaneously creating moral hazards. The conclusion discusses accountability standards, model legislation provisions, and regulatory criteria for aerial vehicle surveillance." }, { "paper": "2315643876", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2016", "title": "from a perpetrator s perspective international election observers and post electoral violence", "label": [ "2780668109" ], "author": [ "2957766674" ], "reference": [ "594125258", "649056258", "1500708800", "1567468250", "1587761746", "1795140401", "1797246208", "1868231082", "1919055574", "1973950867", "1987739128", "2008513140", "2024983363", "2027079403", "2029941278", "2032143026", "2034034731", "2045149844", "2059228084", "2060550340", "2061608912", "2065848238", "2066511003", "2080364320", "2082269472", "2082584590", "2090732629", "2098441710", "2100396410", "2101221866", "2108041153", "2115788769", "2118148137", "2119550795", "2121259795", "2121478465", "2127176603", "2127683416", "2130017867", "2136109252", "2141551793", "2142013610", "2145113239", "2146660684", "2151780178", "2153680987", "2153935346", "2160894996", "2161730388", "2164502126", "2274037719", "2320376290", "2598553948", "3121145802", "3122337936", "3122506898", "3122680231", "3123546035", "3125515675" ], "abstract": "do international election observers deter or spur violence after election day this article argues that only when conceptually and empirically distinguishing between violence by governments and opposition groups can we assess the impact of international election observation disaggregating post electoral violence uncovers that observers can deter governments from using force but they have the opposite effect on opposition groups when expecting criticism from observers opposition leaders can easily deny their responsibility for violence by individual party militants while weaponry and official insignia betray police and military involvement in violence and force the government to bear command responsibility governments also anticipate higher international costs for engaging in post electoral violence than opposition groups which are not usually targets of international punishment on the other hand international election observers unintentionally incite opposition groups to organize violence as op", "title_raw": "From a perpetrator\u2019s perspective: International election observers and post-electoral violence", "abstract_raw": "Do international election observers deter or spur violence after election day? This article argues that only when conceptually and empirically distinguishing between violence by governments and opposition groups, can we assess the impact of international election observation. Disaggregating post-electoral violence uncovers that observers can deter governments from using force, but they have the opposite effect on opposition groups. When expecting criticism from observers, opposition leaders can easily deny their responsibility for violence by individual party militants, while weaponry and official insignia betray police and military involvement in violence and force the government to bear command responsibility. Governments also anticipate higher international costs for engaging in post-electoral violence than opposition groups, which are not usually targets of international punishment. On the other hand, international election observers unintentionally incite opposition groups to organize violence, as op..." }, { "paper": "1576771427", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2016", "title": "explaining constitutional change making sense of cross national variation among european union member states", "label": [ "134698397", "2776154427", "56720970", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2432315426" ], "reference": [ "425474497", "581997212", "599474456", "1502613115", "1933635745", "1995782651", "1997329238", "2002993277", "2014905132", "2036558120", "2057432269", "2059335619", "2124072747", "2134358097", "2159055086", "2802807550", "3125452733" ], "abstract": "this study examines how european union member states have undertaken constitutional change to adjust to the new conditions that follow from membership in this supranational organization the article seeks to explain what factors determine why constitutional reform induced by eu membership is sometimes brought about by changing the wording of the constitutional document explicit change and sometimes by changing the meaning of the constitution while leaving the constitutional text itself unaltered implicit change the current study provides new insights regarding constitutional change by formulating and testing a number of rival hypotheses about what explains cross national variation in the use of different methods for achieving constitutional reform the results show that three factors stand out as important determinants for eu induced constitutional change constitutional rigidity public opinion and the number of cabinet parties", "title_raw": "Explaining constitutional change: making sense of cross-national variation among European Union member states", "abstract_raw": "This study examines how European Union member states have undertaken constitutional change to adjust to the new conditions that follow from membership in this supranational organization. The article seeks to explain what factors determine why constitutional reform induced by EU membership is sometimes brought about by changing the wording of the constitutional document (explicit change), and sometimes by changing the meaning of the constitution while leaving the constitutional text itself unaltered (implicit change). The current study provides new insights regarding constitutional change by formulating and testing a number of rival hypotheses about what explains cross-national variation in the use of different methods for achieving constitutional reform. The results show that three factors stand out as important determinants for EU-induced constitutional change: constitutional rigidity; public opinion; and the number of cabinet parties." }, { "paper": "2284514551", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2016", "title": "beyond pollard applying the sixth amendment s speedy trial right to sentencing", "label": [ "199539241", "2779184190", "2777066532" ], "author": [ "2274860320" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Beyond Pollard:: Applying the Sixth Amendment\u2019s Speedy Trial Right to Sentencing", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2188015733", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2016", "title": "first time boost beats experience the effect of past eligibility on turnout", "label": [ "2779838221", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2004599483", "2141055655", "2097390371" ], "reference": [ "45409534", "1528898439", "1550821671", "1606166910", "1965731499", "1966989238", "1981603973", "2008466531", "2020111339", "2020463162", "2025707625", "2062357795", "2069550422", "2072402413", "2094065078", "2101029005", "2114242548", "2117021548", "2137169647", "2141019942", "2166678062", "2313360527", "2478015816", "3038074639", "3123009801", "3125586696" ], "abstract": "recent findings from the us indicate a clear positive causal effect of past eligibility on voting in subsequent elections based on individual level register data from four elections held in denmark and finland we find that past eligibility either decreases voting propensity or has a zero effect among young voters the hype associated with the first elections thus appears to cancel out the habit among young adults in countries where the institutional barriers against voting are weak moreover differences across the types of elections can be noted the negative effect of past eligibility is strongest in elections characterized by low saliency implying that high salient elections mobilize all voters equally and therefore narrow the gap between first and second time eligible voters", "title_raw": "First-time boost beats experience: The effect of past eligibility on turnout", "abstract_raw": "Recent findings from the US indicate a clear positive causal effect of past eligibility on voting in subsequent elections. Based on individual-level register data from four elections held in Denmark and Finland, we find that past eligibility either decreases voting propensity or has a zero effect among young voters. The hype associated with the first elections thus appears to cancel out the habit among young adults in countries where the institutional barriers against voting are weak. Moreover, differences across the types of elections can be noted. The negative effect of past eligibility is strongest in elections characterized by low saliency, implying that high-salient elections mobilize all voters equally and therefore narrow the gap between first and second-time eligible voters." }, { "paper": "2302436273", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2016", "title": "yanni kotsonis states of obligation taxes and citizenship in the russian empire and early soviet republic toronto buffalo and london toronto university press 2014 pp xix 483 6 illus isbn 9781442643543 hbk 80", "label": [ "2778495208", "2778447849", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2298828958" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Yanni Kotsonis, States of obligation: taxes and citizenship in the Russian Empire and early Soviet Republic (Toronto, Buffalo, and London, Toronto University Press, 2014. Pp. xix + 483. 6 illus. ISBN 9781442643543 Hbk. $80)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2516110563", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2016", "title": "democracy wall foreign correspondents and deng xiaoping", "label": [ "199539241", "2776051254", "94625758", "2776398702", "542948173", "555826173", "123108692", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2095976319" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article identifies and explains the role of the western media in chinese politics between november 1978 and april 1979 when the rise of deng xiaoping within the communist party coincided with the emergence of the democracy wall free speech movement on china s streets and the normalization of sino american relations at this critical juncture in twentieth century history foreign journalists in beijing were much more than simply gatekeepers of a conduit to the outside world chinese activists believed that through the western media they could reach domestic audiences in china and potentially even the party leadership indeed foreign reporting contributed to the movement s spread to other parts of the country while strengthening and accentuating its most radical aspects however the main beneficiary of these interactions was deng who enlisted democracy wall and the foreign media at times in conjunction to advance his domestic and international objectives once he had secured control of the party s political direction and the normalization of sino american relations the foreign press provided the rationale if not the impetus for the movement s suppression drawing on participant interviews new chinese sources and analysis of press archives this article brings important new insights into the momentous political events that set in motion the ongoing transformation of china and the region it also illuminates the little studied role of international media in producing radical flank effects that can help or hinder both social movements and state authorities the case stands as a cautionary example for social activists attempting to harness the power of international media today", "title_raw": "Democracy Wall, Foreign Correspondents, and Deng Xiaoping", "abstract_raw": "This article identifies and explains the role of the Western media in Chinese politics between November 1978 and April 1979, when the rise of Deng Xiaoping within the Communist Party coincided with the emergence of the Democracy Wall free speech movement on China's streets, and the normalization of Sino-American relations. At this critical juncture in twentieth-century history, foreign journalists in Beijing were much more than simply gatekeepers of a conduit to the outside world. Chinese activists believed that, through the Western media, they could reach domestic audiences in China, and potentially even the Party leadership. Indeed, foreign reporting contributed to the movement's spread to other parts of the country, while strengthening and accentuating its most radical aspects. However, the main beneficiary of these interactions was Deng, who enlisted Democracy Wall and the foreign media, at times in conjunction, to advance his domestic and international objectives. Once he had secured control of the Party's political direction, and the normalization of Sino-American relations, the foreign press provided the rationale, if not the impetus, for the movement's suppression. Drawing on participant interviews, new Chinese sources, and analysis of press archives, this article brings important new insights into the momentous political events that set in motion the ongoing transformation of China and the region. It also illuminates the little-studied role of international media in producing \"radical flank effects\" that can help or hinder both social movements and state authorities. The case stands as a cautionary example for social activists attempting to harness the power of international media today." }, { "paper": "2742862502", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2016", "title": "book review francis g jacobs the european convention on human rights oxford clarendon press 1975 7 25", "label": [ "199539241", "169437150", "2780608745" ], "author": [ "2575384093" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Francis G. Jacobs, The European Convention on Human Rights. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975. \u00a37.25.)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2508706526", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2016", "title": "white backlash immigration race and american politics by marisa abrajano and zoltan l hajnal princeton nj princeton university press 2015 256p 29 95", "label": [ "522562087", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2422164413" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "White Backlash: Immigration, Race, and American Politics. By Marisa Abrajano and Zoltan L. Hajnal. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015. 256p. $29.95", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2245597371", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2016", "title": "demographics and internet behaviors as predictors of active publics", "label": [ "100039176", "2776663400" ], "author": [ "2147777280", "2647936376", "2941570567", "2123971805" ], "reference": [ "12537586", "1466042556", "1485977648", "1534398778", "1965170092", "1983379722", "1990513740", "1991326951", "2006766231", "2008144508", "2017332966", "2031898593", "2038693800", "2044547964", "2057631094", "2102145433", "2122608603", "2130059493", "2134049139", "2140915089", "2147264455", "2171174110", "2261146694", "2263799684", "2331816828", "2606081992", "2962802621" ], "abstract": "abstract this study explicates online political activism opa provides a short reliable and valid index for measuring opa and examines correlates that predict such active publics a national probability sample of adult american internet users was surveyed using random digit dialing the study found opa is more frequent among older wealthier and more liberal respondents opa increases with internet self efficacy and search engine usage", "title_raw": "Demographics and Internet behaviors as predictors of active publics", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This study explicates online political activism (OPA); provides a short, reliable, and valid index for measuring OPA; and examines correlates that predict such active publics. A national probability sample of adult American Internet users was surveyed using random digit dialing. The study found OPA is more frequent among older, wealthier, and more liberal respondents. OPA increases with Internet self-efficacy and search engine usage." }, { "paper": "2463137701", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2016", "title": "fighting for funding values advocacy and planned parenthood s right to life", "label": [ "46295352", "518677369", "2776058685", "2780076394", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2774841814", "2476533127" ], "reference": [ "66379224", "121992860", "637906659", "1574891628", "1582485184", "1586674710", "1965278510", "1971805457", "1974925289", "1977137721", "1998511687", "2043201255", "2048413581", "2052723881", "2115873859", "2118242597", "2161659191", "2162412465", "2165468268", "2223562046", "2477963495", "2493101627", "2560577732", "3121131776", "3121359205", "3129835121", "3204596412" ], "abstract": "abstract this study employs a rhetorical analysis of planned parenthood s rhetoric in response to the crisis emerging from the release of controversial videos by the center for medical progress using bostdorff and vibbert s concept of values advocacy and heath s discussion of external rhetoric we examine how planned parenthood appeals to core american values through social media in order to enhance its image and reinforce its legitimacy the values of truth health agency education unity and equality are ubiquitous throughout planned parenthood s strategic communication with the public this research contributes to ongoing academic discussions of the theoretical and practical implications of external rhetoric values advocacy and legitimacy in public relations", "title_raw": "Fighting for funding: Values advocacy and Planned Parenthood\u2019s right-to-life", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This study employs a rhetorical analysis of Planned Parenthood\u2019s rhetoric in response to the crisis emerging from the release of controversial videos by the Center for Medical Progress. Using Bostdorff and Vibbert\u2019s concept of values advocacy and Heath\u2019s discussion of external rhetoric, we examine how Planned Parenthood appeals to core American values through social media in order to enhance its image and reinforce its legitimacy. The values of truth, health, agency, education, unity, and equality are ubiquitous throughout Planned Parenthood\u2019s strategic communication with the public. This research contributes to ongoing academic discussions of the theoretical and practical implications of external rhetoric, values advocacy, and legitimacy in public relations." }, { "paper": "2514871659", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2016", "title": "lessons from the iraq war more aggressive peace building needed", "label": [ "117731710", "169437150", "199539241", "2781440851", "94625758", "193395930", "203133693" ], "author": [ "2121053704" ], "reference": [ "2473607127" ], "abstract": "www thelancet com vol 388 september 10 2016 1055 advocated by the usa the fi rst line of the report stated the threatened war on iraq could have disastrous short medium and long term consequences not only for the iraqi population and its neighbours but also further afi eld the report proved tragically accurate in anticipating the ensuing death and destruction of what is now widely regarded as an illegal pernicious and unjustifi ed war as noted by richard horton july 9 p 114 one lesson from this terrible episode in history is that international health organisations can do better at anticipating and responding to the consequences of war but another is that the health community must be more actively engaged in peace building although mainstream reporting on the chilcot inquiry has focused on the particular role of tony blair in pursuing the case for war the chilcot report also described a wider militaristic culture across the establishment that did not see the folly of using war to combat terrorism or promote human rights in the middle east medact is one of a few health organisations with an explicit remit to use public health principles and arguments to promote peace and oppose violence with the uk parliament having recently approved the renewal of the trident nuclear weapons system risking more militaristic folly in pursuit of humanitarian catastrophe we urge all health professionals to seek better and more eff ective ways to secure security and good health for all", "title_raw": "Lessons from the Iraq war: more aggressive peace building needed", "abstract_raw": "www.thelancet.com Vol 388 September 10, 2016 1055 advocated by the USA. The fi rst line of the report stated: \u201cthe threatened war on Iraq could have disastrous short, medium and long-term consequences not only for the Iraqi population and its neighbours, but also further afi eld\u201d. The report proved tragically accurate in anticipating the ensuing death and destruction of what is now widely regarded as an illegal, pernicious, and unjustifi ed war. As noted by Richard Horton (July 9, p 114), one lesson from this terrible episode in history is that international health organisations can do better at anticipating and responding to the consequences of war. But another is that the health community must be more actively engaged in peace building. Although mainstream reporting on the Chilcot Inquiry has focused on the particular role of Tony Blair in pursuing the case for war, the Chilcot report also described a wider militaristic culture across the establishment that did not see the folly of using war to combat terrorism or promote human rights in the Middle East. Medact is one of a few health organisations with an explicit remit to use public health principles and arguments to promote peace and oppose violence. With the UK Parliament having recently approved the renewal of the Trident Nuclear Weapons system (risking more militaristic folly in pursuit of humanitarian catastrophe), we urge all health professionals to seek better and more eff ective ways to secure security and good health for all." }, { "paper": "2546647128", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "america at war victory in the pacific excerpt", "label": [ "2779220109", "203715995" ], "author": [ "2560469595" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "America at War: Victory in the Pacific [Excerpt]", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2341953806", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2016", "title": "national science foundation institutional review boards and political and social science", "label": [ "94625758", "543908354", "65916561", "3116431", "82071709", "2780966255", "44877443" ], "author": [ "2238715476" ], "reference": [ "2120401666", "2149432926", "2161006444", "2166041290", "3124451872" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "National Science Foundation, Institutional Review Boards, and Political and Social Science", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2429314247", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2016", "title": "obama at war congress and the imperial presidency by ryan hendrickson lexington university press of kentucky 2015 192p 35 00", "label": [ "2781243023", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2502949880" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Obama at War: Congress and the Imperial Presidency. By Ryan Hendrickson. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2015. 192p. $35.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2491441345", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2016", "title": "the islamic state in south and central asia", "label": [ "2776398702", "2779808665" ], "author": [ "2685446199" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the emergence of the islamic state in afghanistan and pakistan has the potential to radically alter the balance of militant forces in the region", "title_raw": "The Islamic State in South and Central Asia", "abstract_raw": "The emergence of the Islamic State in Afghanistan and Pakistan has the potential to radically alter the balance of militant forces in the region." }, { "paper": "2603021380", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "french scientist accused of perjury for allegedly concealing industry payments", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2345489577" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "French scientist accused of perjury for allegedly concealing industry payments", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2562480196", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "how democracies fall apart", "label": [ "17058734" ], "author": [ "138546508", "2569116546" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Democracies Fall Apart", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2474393539", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2016", "title": "legislating multiculturalism and nationhood the 1988 canadian multiculturalism act", "label": [ "94625758", "2775987171", "542530943", "2777351106", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2079302845" ], "reference": [ "217928414", "592081716", "642938493", "1512016777", "1542187664", "1675817150", "1992349643", "2001322293", "2003394347", "2055051632", "2076982640", "2083260003", "2095489835", "2097551708", "2125710817", "2162580871", "2415201816", "2481855875", "2798550047" ], "abstract": "in this article i use new archival and elite interview data to improve our knowledge of how the canadian multiculturalism act came into existence i show why some canadians began to seek such an act why political parties promised an act and how this act was created the evidence in this article will also correct claims that scholars often make about this act and the policy of multiculturalism that it contains this evidence also improves our knowledge of why the policy of multiculturalism in this legislation does what few scholars would expect this is because scholars often claim that policies of multiculturalism are used to repudiate and remove understandings of a country but my evidence helps to show why the policy of multiculturalism in this act promotes understandings of a country scholars also claim that policies of multiculturalism can be divisive if they are unaccompanied by nation building policies but my evidence helps to show why the policy of multiculturalism in this legislation was designed to be a nation building policy", "title_raw": "Legislating Multiculturalism and Nationhood: The 1988 Canadian Multiculturalism Act", "abstract_raw": "In this article I use new archival and elite interview data to improve our knowledge of how the Canadian Multiculturalism Act came into existence. I show why some Canadians began to seek such an act, why political parties promised an act and how this act was created. The evidence in this article will also correct claims that scholars often make about this act and the policy of multiculturalism that it contains. This evidence also improves our knowledge of why the policy of multiculturalism in this legislation does what few scholars would expect. This is because scholars often claim that policies of multiculturalism are used to \u201crepudiate\u201d and remove understandings of a country. But my evidence helps to show why the policy of multiculturalism in this act promotes understandings of a country. Scholars also claim that policies of multiculturalism can be divisive if they are unaccompanied by nation-building policies. But my evidence helps to show why the policy of multiculturalism in this legislation was designed to be a nation-building policy." }, { "paper": "2511417309", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2016", "title": "discrepancies in women s presence between european national legislatures and the european parliament a contextual explanation", "label": [ "199539241", "2781440851", "83009810" ], "author": [ "125239111" ], "reference": [ "28866446", "81268075", "422945158", "592557066", "1583252156", "1621780931", "1737632137", "1964016752", "1964345582", "1966989238", "1971894208", "1983021554", "1986577412", "1994024126", "1995017471", "2007093806", "2008251591", "2048702049", "2057913743", "2058438346", "2074862289", "2092446960", "2094417155", "2118836230", "2124376242", "2125378284", "2132160727", "2141652117", "2157829513", "2158643882", "2167017529", "2170332677", "2319162809", "2319560705", "2325081013", "2325615234", "2345812219", "3122362012" ], "abstract": "this study offers a contextual explanation for discrepancies in women s rates of election between european national legislatures and the european parliament ep many european union eu member states elect more women to the ep than to their national lower legislative houses however the margin of difference between women s presence in the ep and these national legislatures varies widely across member states using data for the eu 27 the study corroborates previous research in showing that institutional accounts offer limited leverage in explaining these varying gaps instead it argues that the discrepancy between women s descriptive representation at national and european levels in each case is the result of contextual factors voters parties and upwardly mobile politicians valuation of the ep and ep service moderates the translation of the national pool of potential female candidates into ep officeholders", "title_raw": "Discrepancies in Women\u2019s Presence between European National Legislatures and the European Parliament: A Contextual Explanation", "abstract_raw": "This study offers a contextual explanation for discrepancies in women\u2019s rates of election between European national legislatures and the European Parliament (EP). Many European Union (EU) member states elect more women to the EP than to their national lower legislative houses. However, the margin of difference between women\u2019s presence in the EP and these national legislatures varies widely across member states. Using data for the EU-27, the study corroborates previous research in showing that institutional accounts offer limited leverage in explaining these varying gaps. Instead, it argues that the discrepancy between women\u2019s descriptive representation at national and European levels in each case is the result of contextual factors: voters, parties, and upwardly mobile politicians\u2019 valuation of the EP and EP service moderates the translation of the national pool of potential female candidates into EP officeholders." }, { "paper": "2310751889", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2016", "title": "narratives of fear in syria", "label": [ "2778061430", "2778407155", "68346564", "2776398702", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2117324814" ], "reference": [ "118304159", "146894800", "387408661", "389728926", "560062671", "565256333", "586899894", "593916605", "594730536", "596579313", "607035697", "613464657", "613606927", "615976312", "621506734", "623392468", "641999240", "651473079", "654012358", "1487175773", "1494976977", "1505249500", "1508100841", "1510512585", "1511554740", "1516667605", "1539903039", "1548966521", "1550094775", "1551742152", "1560101021", "1586157023", "1764620730", "1964182016", "1980689230", "1980774813", "1990878931", "2000183157", "2024635729", "2025444742", "2029997917", "2040195331", "2040657831", "2045899924", "2047197602", "2052056912", "2053252741", "2057061755", "2069834635", "2075800063", "2076007858", "2077773863", "2098598859", "2099970958", "2108129405", "2110253865", "2114142355", "2119977277", "2154705889", "2237571973", "2289668368", "2294377426", "2560474062", "2594040946", "2790603006", "2798327495", "3125941453" ], "abstract": "scholarship on syria has traditionally been limited by researchers difficulty in accessing the reflections of ordinary citizens due to their reluctance to speak about politics the 2011 revolt opened exciting opportunities by producing an outpouring of new forms of self expression as well as encouraging millions to tell their stories for the first time i explore what we can learn from greater attention to such data based on thick descriptive analysis of original interviews with 200 syrian refugees i find that individuals narratives coalesce into a collective narrative emphasizing shifts in political fear before the uprising fear was a pillar of the state s coercive authority popular demonstrations generated a new experience of fear as a personal barrier to be surmounted as rebellion militarized into war fear became a semi normalized way of life finally protracted violence has produced nebulous fears of an uncertain future study of these testimonials aids understanding of syria and other cases of destabilized authoritarianism by elucidating lived experiences obscured during a repressive past providing a fresh window into the construction and evolution of national identity and demonstrating how the act of narration is an exercise in meaning making within a revolution and itself a revolutionary practice", "title_raw": "Narratives of Fear in Syria", "abstract_raw": "Scholarship on Syria has traditionally been limited by researchers' difficulty in accessing the reflections of ordinary citizens due to their reluctance to speak about politics. The 2011 revolt opened exciting opportunities by producing an outpouring of new forms of self-expression, as well as encouraging millions to tell their stories for the first time. I explore what we can learn from greater attention to such data, based on thick descriptive analysis of original interviews with 200 Syrian refugees. I find that individuals' narratives coalesce into a collective narrative emphasizing shifts in political fear. Before the uprising, fear was a pillar of the state's coercive authority. Popular demonstrations generated a new experience of fear as a personal barrier to be surmounted. As rebellion militarized into war, fear became a semi-normalized way of life. Finally, protracted violence has produced nebulous fears of an uncertain future. Study of these testimonials aids understanding of Syria and other cases of destabilized authoritarianism by elucidating lived experiences obscured during a repressive past, providing a fresh window into the construction and evolution of national identity, and demonstrating how the act of narration is an exercise in meaning making within a revolution and itself a revolutionary practice." }, { "paper": "2624065392", "venue": "114133607", "year": "2016", "title": "reconceptualizing pac formation", "label": [ "2910634319", "199539241", "2778521920" ], "author": [ "1997207971", "2335810280" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "after criticizing current models of political action committee pac formation as flawed both in the samples used in tests and in the specifications tested we develop a new explanation of pac formation that emphasizes competition for access among those already engaged in lobby ing we test both organization and state level implications of this alternative account respec tively employing survey and aggregate data on pacs in the american states the empirical findings provide preliminary support for our explanation and sharply contradict prior evidence that pac formation is governed by problems of free riding", "title_raw": "Reconceptualizing Pac Formation", "abstract_raw": "After criticizing current models of political action committee (PAC) formation as flawed both in the samples used in tests and in the specifications tested, we develop a new explanation of PAC formation that emphasizes competition for access among those already engaged in lobby ing. We test both organization- and state-level implications of this alternative account, respec tively, employing survey and aggregate data on PACs in the American states. The empirical findings provide preliminary support for our explanation and sharply contradict prior evidence that PAC formation is governed by problems of free riding." }, { "paper": "2562403475", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2016", "title": "a discussion of robert vitalis s white world order black power politics the birth of american international relations", "label": [ "8795937", "34355311", "2777239683", "94625758", "2778061430", "2778379311", "139838865" ], "author": [ "2561917146" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in white world order black power politics the birth of american international relations robert vitalis presents a critical disciplinary history of the field of international relations and the discipline of political science more broadly vitalis argues that the interconnections between imperialism and racism were constitutive of international relations scholarship in the u s since the turn of the 20 th century and that the perspectives of a generation of african american scholars that included w e b dubois alain locke and ralph bunche were equally constitutive of this scholarship by virtue of the way the emerging discipline sought to marginalize these scholars in developing this argument vitalis raises questions about the construction of knowledge and the racial foundations of american political development these issues lie at the heart of u s political science and so we have invited a range of political scientists to comment on the book and its implications for our discipline", "title_raw": "A Discussion of Robert Vitalis\u2019s White World Order, Black Power Politics: The Birth of American International Relations", "abstract_raw": "In White World Order, Black Power Politics: The Birth of American International Relations , Robert Vitalis presents a critical disciplinary history of the field of international relations, and the discipline of political science more broadly. Vitalis argues that the interconnections between imperialism and racism were \u201cconstitutive\u201d of international relations scholarship in the U.S. since the turn of the 20 th century, and that the perspectives of a generation of African-American scholars that included W. E. B. Dubois, Alain Locke, and Ralph Bunche were equally constitutive of this scholarship\u2014by virtue of the way the emerging discipline sought to marginalize these scholars. In developing this argument, Vitalis raises questions about the construction of knowledge and the racial foundations of American political development. These issues lie at the heart of U.S. political science, and so we have invited a range of political scientists to comment on the book and its implications for our discipline." }, { "paper": "2495078892", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2016", "title": "kudos promises to help scientists promote their papers to new audiences", "label": [ "39549134", "518677369" ], "author": [ "846832339" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "\u2018Kudos\u2019 promises to help scientists promote their papers to new audiences", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2252944361", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2016", "title": "accountability from the perspective of the forum citizens attitudes towards accountability in europe", "label": [ "158071213", "2776007630", "39549134", "2776847301", "117347162", "148834064", "129603779", "3116431", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2222512914" ], "reference": [ "9435039", "562510084", "566944316", "1502532850", "1582007127", "1940420445", "1968042795", "1978054275", "1978343499", "1978934215", "1984673945", "1985563148", "2000763515", "2001759334", "2009658376", "2015399443", "2020499310", "2028909495", "2045518222", "2051540657", "2061980801", "2069012951", "2071980274", "2072002959", "2082135063", "2084428104", "2093748330", "2094678909", "2099921486", "2103708725", "2110934020", "2110954381", "2111938797", "2114517497", "2116913953", "2126102929", "2135581599", "2136395982", "2137003545", "2140930388", "2146016148", "2147220327", "2151693890", "2154121808", "2154452247", "2157030053", "2158167974", "2171294499", "2329103711", "2481044788", "2481343937", "2497371327", "2890373521", "2895475602", "3121147769", "3124294960" ], "abstract": "abstractthe aim of this article is to analyse citizens attitudes towards governmental accountability in 24 european countries and to examine the influence of contextual and individual factors on perceptions of accountability using as a dataset the 2012 european social survey the results show that citizens respond positively when the media provides reliable information on which to judge the government when individuals perceive that governments perform well when individuals live in more extensive and generous welfare states and when they live in countries where the rule of law is firmly established in addition the findings also provide evidence that compared to politically left wing citizens right wing supporters have on average a higher perception of governmental accountability in particular the findings show strong positive evaluations of right wing governments by right wing voters in comparison with left wing governments by left wing voters", "title_raw": "Accountability from the perspective of the forum: citizens\u2019 attitudes towards accountability in Europe", "abstract_raw": "AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyse citizens\u2019 attitudes towards governmental accountability in 24 European countries and to examine the influence of contextual and individual factors on perceptions of accountability. Using as a dataset the 2012 European Social Survey, the results show that citizens respond positively when the media provides reliable information on which to judge the government, when individuals perceive that governments perform well, when individuals live in more extensive and generous welfare states and when they live in countries where the rule of law is firmly established. In addition, the findings also provide evidence that compared to politically left-wing citizens, right-wing supporters have, on average, a higher perception of governmental accountability. In particular, the findings show strong positive evaluations of right-wing governments by right-wing voters in comparison with left-wing governments by left-wing voters." }, { "paper": "2265654977", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2016", "title": "private property and public power eminent domain in philadelphia by debbie becher oxford university press 2014 360 pp 24 95 paperback", "label": [ "2779362956", "2777538416" ], "author": [ "2153497308" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Private Property and Public Power: Eminent Domain in Philadelphia By Debbie Becher Oxford University Press. 2014. 360 pp. $24.95 paperback", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2463815134", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "science minister says he s watching out for post brexit discrimination against u k researchers", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2345489577" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Science minister says he's watching out for post-Brexit 'discrimination' against U.K. researchers", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2756470735", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2016", "title": "book review introduction to regional and urban policy in the united kingdom", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2790226234" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Introduction to Regional and Urban Policy in the United Kingdom", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2265205177", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2016", "title": "is the taiwan strait still a flash point rethinking the prospects for armed conflict between china and taiwan", "label": [ "186229450", "191935318", "506295513", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2141588742" ], "reference": [ "200450118", "272836362", "372568109", "436219785", "640154653", "1034257922", "1258164215", "1518781621", "1549572558", "1558135923", "1980446239", "1984883581", "1986237743", "1992237896", "2002417716", "2013232292", "2023704163", "2034639040", "2037162464", "2042043881", "2047156377", "2069449673", "2075124212", "2080409018", "2082824601", "2088136523", "2092357779", "2093636894", "2097184685", "2111105071", "2114587372", "2117092717", "2118613808", "2120540513", "2250886915", "2253387481", "2956134176", "3123512981" ], "abstract": "after decades of tension relations between the people s republic of china and taiwan have improved dramatically in recent years how durable is this detente to what degree is armed conflict in the taiwan strait a continued possibility answering these questions requires grappling with the impact of several different trends in cross taiwan strait relations including a rapidly shifting balance of military power deepening china taiwan economic integration and changing taiwanese views on sovereignty and identity issues taken together these trends help to stabilize the cross strait relationship nevertheless this relationship has not been fundamentally transformed and future trends could evolve in a way that again increases the danger of military conflict in particular a changing balance of military power in the taiwan strait has the potential to be highly destabilizing if it overtakes other trends such as economic integration", "title_raw": "Is the Taiwan Strait Still a Flash Point?: Rethinking the Prospects for Armed Conflict between China and Taiwan", "abstract_raw": "After decades of tension, relations between the People's Republic of China and Taiwan have improved dramatically in recent years. How durable is this detente? To what degree is armed conflict in the Taiwan Strait a continued possibility? Answering these questions requires grappling with the impact of several different trends in cross\u2013Taiwan Strait relations, including a rapidly shifting balance of military power, deepening China-Taiwan economic integration, and changing Taiwanese views on sovereignty and identity issues. Taken together, these trends help to stabilize the cross-strait relationship. Nevertheless, this relationship has not been fundamentally transformed, and future trends could evolve in a way that again increases the danger of military conflict. In particular, a changing balance of military power in the Taiwan Strait has the potential to be highly destabilizing if it overtakes other trends such as economic integration." }, { "paper": "1994471784", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2016", "title": "regulating party politics in the western balkans the legal sources of party system development in macedonia", "label": [ "45184978", "106259374", "125505783", "94625758", "131364728", "2777351106", "199539241", "162643989", "96316394" ], "author": [ "181490923", "2193929167" ], "reference": [ "584579920", "587716542", "593703713", "637621955", "646876509", "1576971565", "1797065651", "1978046113", "1992115523", "2017860795", "2018972251", "2039324981", "2051335799", "2051967441", "2063984238", "2078094488", "2091639361", "2092918945", "2095653578", "2102540783", "2107992979", "2116382733", "2131863835", "2146938207", "2149725332", "2169519304", "2326827100", "3045598490", "3203472537" ], "abstract": "party regulation in general and its systemic consequences in particular have not been a matter of concern for scholars until very recently despite recent efforts to study how political parties are regulated in post authoritarian democracies and in conflict prone societies the question of how party legislation affects party formation and party system development in the western balkans still remains a mystery adopting a multi disciplinary that is legal and political approach this article attempts to fill a gap in the literature by analysing how different party finance regulations shaped the party system in macedonia one of europe s most recent and under researched democracies while controlling for changes in electoral regimes there are two main findings on the one hand registration requirements had the strongest impact on the party system format even when the electoral system pushed in the opposite direction on the other public funding rather than cartelizing the system mainly facilit", "title_raw": "Regulating party politics in the Western Balkans: the legal sources of party system development in Macedonia", "abstract_raw": "Party regulation in general and its systemic consequences in particular have not been a matter of concern for scholars until very recently. Despite recent efforts to study how political parties are regulated in post-authoritarian democracies and in conflict-prone societies, the question of how party legislation affects party formation and party system development in the Western Balkans still remains a mystery. Adopting a multi-disciplinary (that is, legal and political) approach, this article attempts to fill a gap in the literature by analysing how different party (finance) regulations shaped the party system in Macedonia, one of Europe's most recent (and under-researched) democracies, while controlling for changes in electoral regimes. There are two main findings. On the one hand, registration requirements had the strongest impact on the party system format, even when the electoral system pushed in the opposite direction. On the other, public funding, rather than \u201ccartelizing\u201d the system, mainly facilit..." }, { "paper": "2555512725", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "sectarianism and the protests in baghdad", "label": [ "2776518542" ], "author": [ "1945897789" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sectarianism and the Protests in Baghdad", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2530228796", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2016", "title": "the european external action service european diplomacy post westphalia edited by d spence and j batora basingstoke palgrave macmillan 2015 isbn 9781137383020 xviii 427pp 73 00 hb", "label": [ "557252395" ], "author": [ "2589332242" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The European External Action Service: European Diplomacy Post\u2010Westphalia, edited by D. Spence and J. B\u00e1tora (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, ISBN 9781137383020); xviii + 427pp., \u00a373.00 hb.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2546542019", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2016", "title": "the politics of immigration by james hampshire review", "label": [ "94625758", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2177808281" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Immigration by James Hampshire (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3124254455", "venue": "9731383", "year": "2016", "title": "training the scientific workforce does funding mechanism matter", "label": [ "2778139618", "120912362", "109986646" ], "author": [ "2522576363", "2158166079" ], "reference": [ "46228059", "235795795", "1868346324", "1968048331", "1998645361", "2000300054", "2005834521", "2024605180", "2061757973", "2089012022", "2091486726", "2110101350", "2129095037", "2132413086", "2159404474", "2159978550", "2169736587", "2915102967", "3023146776", "3123059484", "3124225902" ], "abstract": "a national institutes of health nih taskforce recently recommended decreasing the number of graduate students supported on research assistantships and instead favoring traineeship and fellowship funding mechanisms using instrumental variables estimation with survey data collected from u s phd granting biomedical sciences departments and their newly minted phds we find that increases in these programs nih funded traineeships and fellowships do significantly increase programs total graduate enrollments particularly of female students however phds who were funded primarily as research assistants are significantly more likely to take research focused jobs in the u s scientific workforce after they graduate as compared to phds who were primarily supported as trainees or fellows the suggested policy changes thus may have unintended negative consequences for scientific workforce participation", "title_raw": "Training the Scientific Workforce: Does Funding Mechanism Matter?", "abstract_raw": "A National Institutes of Health (NIH) taskforce recently recommended decreasing the number of graduate students supported on research assistantships, and instead favoring traineeship and fellowship funding mechanisms. Using instrumental variables estimation with survey data collected from U.S. PhD-granting biomedical sciences departments and their newly-minted PhDs, we find that increases in these programs\u2019 NIH-funded traineeships and fellowships do significantly increase programs\u2019 total graduate enrollments, particularly of female students. However, PhDs who were funded primarily as research assistants are significantly more likely to take research-focused jobs in the U.S. scientific workforce after they graduate, as compared to PhDs who were primarily supported as trainees or fellows. The suggested policy changes thus may have unintended, negative consequences for scientific workforce participation." }, { "paper": "2127545645", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2016", "title": "who s afraid of conflict the mobilizing effect of conflict framing in campaign news", "label": [ "529147693", "2779707719", "39549134", "59742305" ], "author": [ "2093158071", "1506215120", "233027794" ], "reference": [ "121152809", "259729104", "325872457", "636366260", "1509890826", "1520648990", "1550821671", "1552466412", "1608738093", "1952380553", "1984038346", "1985718078", "1988343507", "1996061413", "1997183467", "1997755213", "2001607322", "2013778584", "2020903396", "2031631664", "2039551283", "2054464959", "2077815591", "2082550970", "2083319565", "2098996331", "2110388278", "2113254519", "2117957083", "2124331156", "2128764610", "2130010855", "2131186670", "2131804206", "2133384311", "2139206471", "2140252845", "2145186724", "2148641093", "2149170403", "2149355000", "2150047195", "2160587920", "2163566030", "2167214717", "2168999390", "2321547989", "2482307399", "2998948578" ], "abstract": "the ability of the news media to mobilize voters during an election campaign is not well understood most extant research has been conducted in single country studies and has paid little or no attention to the contextual level and the conditions under which such effects are more or less likely to occur this study tests the mobilizing effect of conflict news framing in the context of the 2009 european parliamentary elections the unique multi method and comparative cross national study design combines a media content analysis n 48 982 with data from a two wave panel survey conducted in twenty one countries n 32 411 consistent with expectations conflict framing in campaign news mobilized voters to vote since the effect of conflict news was moderated by evaluations of the eu polity in the general information environment conflict framing more effectively mobilized voters in countries where the eu was evaluated more positively", "title_raw": "Who's Afraid of Conflict? The Mobilizing Effect of Conflict Framing in Campaign News", "abstract_raw": "The ability of the news media to mobilize voters during an election campaign is not well understood. Most extant research has been conducted in single-country studies and has paid little or no attention to the contextual level and the conditions under which such effects are more or less likely to occur. This study tests the mobilizing effect of conflict news framing in the context of the 2009 European Parliamentary elections. The unique multi-method and comparative cross-national study design combines a media content analysis (N = 48,982) with data from a two-wave panel survey conducted in twenty-one countries (N = 32,411). Consistent with expectations, conflict framing in campaign news mobilized voters to vote. Since the effect of conflict news was moderated by evaluations of the EU polity in the general information environment, conflict framing more effectively mobilized voters in countries where the EU was evaluated more positively." }, { "paper": "2312175383", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2016", "title": "scientific collaboration framework of brics countries an analysis of international coauthorship", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "1489249565", "2499793554" ], "reference": [ "1522671073", "1704958401", "1821688283", "1968963246", "1973828007", "1975200179", "1975649998", "1976083343", "1986770435", "1995858094", "1996807062", "1996997927", "2022479632", "2027057741", "2037925493", "2040540480", "2044361090", "2047753869", "2050731935", "2052313801", "2054118950", "2075220720", "2095869640", "2129042566", "2139867573", "2160053408", "2201632798", "2762566243" ], "abstract": "international scientific collaboration is strategic for the growth of a country in particular for developing countries among these ones the five brazil russia india china and south africa brics have a relevant role also because they are joined in an association to foster mutual development the present article studies the network of international scientific collaborations existing around the five brics it does so considering the number of coauthored scientific product having authorship shared between two different countries of a group of 70 the five brics plus 65 countries strongly collaborating with them absolute numbers of coauthored scientific products are arranged in a contingency table and probabilistic affinity indexes chosen due to size independency are then calculated indexes show the relative strength of inter brics collaborations with respect to the network surrounding the five countries at the end of the work obtained results are discussed and commented and policy suggestions are offered", "title_raw": "Scientific collaboration framework of BRICS countries: an analysis of international coauthorship", "abstract_raw": "International scientific collaboration is strategic for the growth of a country, in particular for developing countries. Among these ones the five Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) have a relevant role, also because they are joined in an association to foster mutual development. The present article studies the network of international scientific collaborations existing around the five BRICS. It does so considering the number of coauthored scientific product having authorship shared between two different countries of a group of 70: the five BRICS plus 65 countries strongly collaborating with them. Absolute numbers of coauthored scientific products are arranged in a contingency table, and Probabilistic Affinity Indexes (chosen due to size independency) are then calculated. Indexes show the relative strength of inter-BRICS collaborations with respect to the network surrounding the five countries. At the end of the work obtained results are discussed and commented, and policy suggestions are offered." }, { "paper": "2588549496", "venue": "114133607", "year": "2016", "title": "party support in the house of representatives", "label": [ "520049643", "2780849931" ], "author": [ "2318655948" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "research exploring variation in party support in congress often focuses solely on the impact of generational replacement generational replacement suggests that new generations of congressmen account for varying levels of party support recent work by rohde 1992 and hibbing 1992 points to the need to explore life cycle effects and period effects the life cycle hypothesis suggests that members may become less supportive of party as their tenure increases period effects focus on the extent to which variation in party voting is explained by changes in support by continuing members cohort analysis allows investigation of each type of effect through measurement of cross sectional longitudinal and time lag differences results do not support a life cycle trend in party support findings indicate only limited support for the generational replacement hypothesis with support for the impact of period effects occurring in over 70 of the congresses analyzed", "title_raw": "Party Support in the House of Representatives", "abstract_raw": "Research exploring variation in party support in Congress often focuses solely on the impact of generational replacement. Generational replacement suggests that new generations of congressmen account for varying levels of party support. Recent work by Rohde (1992) and Hibbing (1992) points to the need to explore life cycle effects and period effects. The life cycle hypothesis suggests that members may become less supportive of party as their tenure increases. Period effects focus on the extent to which variation in party voting is explained by changes in support by continuing members. Cohort analysis allows investigation of each type of effect through measurement of cross-sectional, longitudinal, and time-lag differences. Results do not support a life cycle trend in party support. Findings indicate only limited support for the generational replacement hypothesis with support for the impact of period effects occurring in over 70% of the Congresses analyzed." }, { "paper": "2546249101", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "outsourcing the war against isis", "label": [ "46934059", "81631423" ], "author": [ "2564164018" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Outsourcing the War Against ISIS", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2397754998", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2016", "title": "constitutionalizing the dispute federalism in hyper partisan times", "label": [ "199776023", "533735693", "199539241", "2776512386", "2909606789", "2776211767", "186229450", "125505783" ], "author": [ "2362968227" ], "reference": [ "65876175", "232748926", "277572349", "327097133", "403086767", "615220815", "1506380772", "1525618464", "1562524187", "1596062394", "2011480507", "2135064473", "2137029365", "2149948916", "2155575471", "2398629549", "2401799863", "2478674739", "2497387400", "2612480203", "2758011877", "2778587765", "3121453994", "3122500465", "3124535538", "3156743437" ], "abstract": "this article describes how partisan actors during the obama years have escalated polarization by transforming policy disputes into constitutional contests over the ground rules of the federal system contests moreover in which one bloc of politically like minded states opposes another the article examines in particular how republicans have supported strong claims of state sovereignty and in some cases resurrected the antebellum doctrine of nullification to deny to either congress or the executive branch the authority to reform state health care markets or to limit states emissions of greenhouse gases democrats have reinforced the partisan divide by declining to debate the constitutionality of their policies instead invoking supposedly settled judicial precedent and by enabling president obama to create new federal policy through direct negotiation with like minded states thus circumventing congressional obstruction ironically both parties appear willing to shrink the power and authority of an already diminished congress a development with unsettling implications for the future", "title_raw": "Constitutionalizing the Dispute: Federalism in Hyper-Partisan Times", "abstract_raw": "This article describes how partisan actors during the Obama years have escalated polarization by transforming policy disputes into constitutional contests over the ground rules of the federal system\u2014contests, moreover, in which one bloc of politically like-minded states opposes another. The article examines in particular how Republicans have supported strong claims of state sovereignty, and in some cases resurrected the antebellum doctrine of nullification, to deny to either Congress or the executive branch the authority to reform state health care markets or to limit states\u2019 emissions of greenhouse gases. Democrats have reinforced the partisan divide by declining to debate the constitutionality of their policies, instead invoking supposedly settled judicial precedent; and by enabling President Obama to create new federal policy through direct negotiation with like-minded states, thus circumventing congressional obstruction. Ironically, both parties appear willing to shrink the power and authority of an already diminished Congress, a development with unsettling implications for the future." }, { "paper": "2303580836", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2016", "title": "what china s latest five year plan means for science", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "223312324" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "What China's latest five-year plan means for science.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2320203672", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2016", "title": "putin s kleptocracy who owns russia by karen dawisha new york simon schuster 2014 464 pp cloth 30 00 paper 18 00", "label": [ "2781402524" ], "author": [ "2614127393" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Putin's Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia? by Karen Dawisha. New York, Simon & Schuster, 2014. 464 pp. Cloth, $30.00; paper, $18.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1598116663", "venue": "9731383", "year": "2016", "title": "does sector specific experience matter the case of european higher education ministers", "label": [ "3116431", "120912362", "94625758", "2780224610" ], "author": [ "186163712", "3131965954" ], "reference": [ "1487772672", "1606980658", "1764155667", "1940221094", "2007867145", "2017618362", "2025610165", "2026457449", "2071210722", "2107912056", "2110537446", "2111557483", "2124992504", "2127621309", "2134246329", "2145529582", "2161109224", "2243121137", "2325607946", "3025525792", "3121401935", "3121885319", "3121970579", "3122780066", "3122844310", "3122858658", "3123851535", "3124164738", "3125247676", "3125618199", "3146398408" ], "abstract": "this paper looks at the relationship between higher education ministers and the performance of the sector that they govern using an original panel dataset with the characteristics of european higher education ministers we find that having a past experience in the sector leads to a higher level of performance as measured by ranking data making a parallel with the literature about the impact of education on the educated we discuss potential explanations behind the impact of this on the job learning experience as we find that this characteristic has no impact on the spendings of the sector we argue that this academic experience makes them more prone to introduce adequate reforms that makes the sector more attractive for top researchers furthermore we find that this result is driven by ministers with both sector specific and electoral experience the latter measured by a successful election at the regional or national level this tends to show that political credibility should not be overshadowed by the importance of the sector specific experience of ministers", "title_raw": "Does sector-specific experience matter? The case of European higher education ministers", "abstract_raw": "This paper looks at the relationship between higher education ministers and the performance of the sector that they govern. Using an original panel dataset with the characteristics of European higher education ministers, we find that having a past experience in the sector leads to a higher level of performance, as measured by ranking data. Making a parallel with the literature about the impact of education on the educated, we discuss potential explanations behind the impact of this on-the-job learning experience. As we find that this characteristic has no impact on the spendings of the sector, we argue that this academic experience makes them more prone to introduce adequate reforms that makes the sector more attractive for top-researchers. Furthermore, we find that this result is driven by ministers with both sector-specific and electoral experience, the latter measured by a successful election at the regional or national level. This tends to show that political credibility should not be overshadowed by the importance of the sector-specific experience of ministers." }, { "paper": "2522999238", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2016", "title": "india s rise as an asian power nation neighborhood and region by sandygordon washington dc georgetown university press 2014 264 pp cloth 49 95 paper 29 95", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2676215318" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "India's Rise as an Asian Power: Nation, Neighborhood, and Region by SandyGordon. Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press, 2014. 264 pp. Cloth, $49.95; paper, $29.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2424903706", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2016", "title": "dangerous trade arms exports human rights and international reputation by jennifer l erickson new york columbia university press 2015 288p 50 00", "label": [ "199539241", "48798503", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2680549701" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dangerous Trade: Arms Exports, Human Rights, and International Reputation. By Jennifer L. Erickson. New York: Columbia University Press, 2015. 288p. $50.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2734983707", "venue": "114133607", "year": "2016", "title": "life cycle model of partisanship development", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2491860149" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "phillip converse s life cycle explanation of partisan strengthening implies there should have been an abrupt and relatively durable increase in the level of aggregate instability in the electorate following the enfranchisement of women in 1920 using a technique originally developed by william flanigan and nancy zingale 1974 state level instability data and county level instability data for colorado were examined these data reveal no abrupt and enduring increase in instability following the enfranchisement of women", "title_raw": "LIFE CYCLE MODEL OF PARTISANSHIP DEVELOPMENT", "abstract_raw": "Phillip Converse's life cycle explanation of partisan strengthening implies there should have been an abrupt and relatively durable increase in the level of aggregate instability in the electorate following the enfranchisement of women in 1920. Using a technique originally developed by William Flanigan and Nancy Zingale (1974), state-level instability data and county-level instability data for Colorado were examined. These data reveal no abrupt and enduring increase in instability following the enfranchisement of women." }, { "paper": "2570052810", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2016", "title": "on the united kingdom s eternal and perpetual interests", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2569786887" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "On the United Kingdom's Eternal and Perpetual Interests", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2523509209", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2016", "title": "debating the american state liberal anxieties and the new leviathan 1930 1970 by anne m kornhauser philadelphia university of pennsylvania press 2015 336 pp 59 95", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2284023625" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Debating the American State: Liberal Anxieties and the New Leviathan, 1930\u20131970 by Anne M. Kornhauser. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015. 336 pp. $59.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "1595384145", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2016", "title": "candidates or districts reevaluating the role of race in voter turnout", "label": [ "3116431", "2779838221", "59742305", "137403100" ], "author": [ "2122356426" ], "reference": [ "1098180", "563874544", "588440482", "590198301", "591524452", "596213049", "1485146855", "1551762527", "1553892357", "1579513228", "1915790657", "1975283941", "1977825494", "1981220665", "1985156052", "1992528902", "1995297713", "2003750542", "2005455000", "2005598086", "2012400802", "2015483740", "2019018309", "2022551332", "2022562660", "2031340404", "2031644889", "2032040598", "2035709227", "2038318916", "2057970462", "2069437506", "2073116552", "2080576010", "2081020279", "2094736317", "2097062607", "2097499687", "2099304543", "2099805612", "2103778446", "2103972398", "2108355281", "2108916662", "2112387816", "2123369428", "2126164508", "2128533228", "2130273899", "2131275242", "2136739130", "2140765506", "2141961860", "2144627585", "2144956506", "2149860264", "2150290749", "2157914328", "2159556128", "2164540423", "2165992382", "2170905409", "2254193218", "2323082825", "2323499499", "2324421607", "2343754761", "3121251224", "3125641446" ], "abstract": "leading theories of race and participation posit that minority voters are mobilized by co ethnic candidates however past studies are unable to disentangle candidate effects from factors associated with the places from which candidates emerge i reevaluate the links between candidate race district composition and turnout by leveraging a nationwide database of over 185 million individual registration records including estimates for the race of every voter combining these records with detailed information about 3 000 recent congressional primary and general election candidates i find that minority turnout is not higher in districts with minority candidates after accounting for the relative size of the ethnic group within a district instead black and latino citizens are more likely to vote in both primary and general elections as their share of the population increases regardless of candidate race", "title_raw": "Candidates or Districts? Reevaluating the Role of Race in Voter Turnout", "abstract_raw": "Leading theories of race and participation posit that minority voters are mobilized by co-ethnic candidates. However, past studies are unable to disentangle candidate effects from factors associated with the places from which candidates emerge. I reevaluate the links between candidate race, district composition, and turnout by leveraging a nationwide database of over 185 million individual registration records, including estimates for the race of every voter. Combining these records with detailed information about 3,000 recent congressional primary and general election candidates, I find that minority turnout is not higher in districts with minority candidates, after accounting for the relative size of the ethnic group within a district. Instead, Black and Latino citizens are more likely to vote in both primary and general elections as their share of the population increases, regardless of candidate race." }, { "paper": "3122704920", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2016", "title": "the obama war powers legacy and the internal forces that entrench executive power", "label": [ "55447825", "2776742560", "197487636", "51575053", "2776847301" ], "author": [ "2299258499" ], "reference": [ "228020607", "1570763317", "1600676136", "1990969594", "2096365673", "2218227617", "2273044809", "2528193859", "2577804438", "2590438664", "3122028581", "3123333522", "3123571139", "3123652328", "3123844247", "3124111933", "3124625223", "3125204586", "3125677790", "3125704452", "3125806292" ], "abstract": "as we contemplate the incoming presidential administration we stare ahead into uncharted space it may seem as though recent history leaves us unprepared for what lies ahead what can a discussion of the obama war powers legacy and the transition from the bush to obama administration tell us about a transition from barack obama to the next president and beyond yet there are lessons here noone can predict precisely how the president elect and the team that is installed will confront the rule of law or grapple with the bureaucratic norms that i discuss in this paper but systemic forces exist inside the executive branch that influence presidential decision making in each modern administration and barring a total reimagining of the executive branch will operate on administrations to come these internal forces include mechanisms and norms that fall within two broad categories 1 those that favor continuity and hinder presidents from effecting change and 2 those that incrementally help ratchet up claims to executive power", "title_raw": "The Obama War Powers Legacy and the Internal Forces That Entrench Executive Power", "abstract_raw": "As we contemplate the incoming presidential administration, we stare ahead into uncharted space. It may seem as though recent history leaves us unprepared for what lies ahead. What can a discussion of the Obama war powers legacy, and the transition from the Bush to Obama administration, tell us about a transition from Barack Obama to the next president, and beyond? Yet there are lessons here. Noone can predict precisely how the president-elect and the team that is installed will confront the rule of law or grapple with the bureaucratic norms that I discuss in this paper. But systemic forces exist inside the executive branch that influence presidential decision-making in each modern administration and, barring a total reimagining of the executive branch, will operate on administrations to come. These internal forces include mechanisms and norms that fall within two broad categories: (1) those that favor continuity and hinder presidents from effecting change, and (2) those that incrementally help ratchet up claims to executive power." }, { "paper": "2271812655", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2016", "title": "the state of post conflict reconstruction land urban development and state building in juba southern sudan by naseem badiey woodbridge james currey 2014 pp 207 90 hbk", "label": [ "2779175671", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2603011824" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The State of Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Land, Urban Development and State-Building in Juba, Southern Sudan by Naseem Badiey Woodbridge: James Currey, 2014. Pp. 207. $90 (hbk)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2415114454", "venue": "71326023", "year": "2016", "title": "the tyranny of meritocracy democratizing higher education in america by lani guinier review", "label": [ "38377331", "3116431", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2109977320" ], "reference": [ "635504449", "1535394237", "1549469887", "1853636458", "2084699004", "2120401501", "2328124725" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Tyranny of Meritocracy: Democratizing Higher Education in America by Lani Guinier (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2545044058", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2016", "title": "research note negative personalization party leaders and party strategy", "label": [ "2780102209", "39549134", "94625758" ], "author": [ "35817881", "2568004988" ], "reference": [ "21913495", "643667846", "649541393", "1498339752", "1505287632", "1509890826", "1534635154", "1542332324", "1542646705", "1586044213", "1694448153", "1847377623", "1964139796", "1965005965", "1981244615", "1986701385", "1995863888", "2005101856", "2006571444", "2012366719", "2015074851", "2017753398", "2019225289", "2020296808", "2022983304", "2046560446", "2060090682", "2061235306", "2064538831", "2100811157", "2100846817", "2107852285", "2119017569", "2119085303", "2123624210", "2143057477", "2143940323", "2169652264", "2170928597", "2195980099", "2314848119", "2496868659", "2529967407", "3002221624", "3124276357", "3157378125" ], "abstract": "while the negative campaigning literature has witnessed tremendous growth in recent years the precise targets of campaign negativity have not been fully explored as candidates and their parties are largely treated as the same target likewise although scholars are increasingly writing about the personalization of politics this literature has not considered whether parties can personalize their opponents by focusing their messaging and attacks more on individual leaders than the parties they lead in an attempt to bridge the gap between these two literatures we develop the concept of negative personalization negative personalization as we define it is an emphasis on opposing party leaders in campaign communication more so than on the parties that they lead exploring recent election campaigns in canada s largest province we document the extent to which parties engage in negative personalization and suggest hypotheses for the factors leading to increased negative personalization", "title_raw": "Research Note: \u201cNegative\u201d Personalization: Party Leaders and Party Strategy", "abstract_raw": "While the negative campaigning literature has witnessed tremendous growth in recent years, the precise targets of campaign negativity have not been fully explored, as candidates and their parties are largely treated as the same target. Likewise, although scholars are increasingly writing about the personalization of politics, this literature has not considered whether parties can \u201cpersonalize\u201d their opponents by focusing their messaging and attacks more on individual leaders than the parties they lead. In an attempt to bridge the gap between these two literatures, we develop the concept of negative personalization. Negative personalization, as we define it, is an emphasis on opposing party leaders in campaign communication more so than on the parties that they lead. Exploring recent election campaigns in Canada's largest province, we document the extent to which parties engage in negative personalization and suggest hypotheses for the factors leading to increased negative personalization." }, { "paper": "2587035892", "venue": "114133607", "year": "2016", "title": "campaigns careerism and constituencies", "label": [ "94625758", "2776359362", "3116431", "2781316041", "110379092", "39549134" ], "author": [ "1132444777", "193240227" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in this article we examine the claim that certain characteristics of a community s political environment and specific attributes of a citizen s social context may stimulate participation in local economic development policy making using data from a national survey of city council members we find that several contextual and institutional factors affect the extent of citizen contacting regarding economic development policy in particular the diversity of campaign support received by council members and the amount of time that they devote to council duties tend to stimulate citizen contacts ward or district representation tends to increase contacting ceteris paribus but contacting of ward representatives tends to diminish as they serve more years on the city council", "title_raw": "Campaigns, Careerism, and Constituencies", "abstract_raw": "In this article we examine the claim that certain characteristics of a community's political environment and specific attributes of a citizen's social context may stimulate participation in local economic development policy-making. Using data from a national survey of city council members, we find that several contextual and institutional factors affect the extent of citizen contacting regarding economic development policy. In particular, the diversity of campaign support received by council members and the amount of time that they devote to council duties tend to stimulate citizen contacts. Ward or district representation tends to increase contacting, ceteris paribus, but contacting of ward representatives tends to diminish as they serve more years on the city council." }, { "paper": "2342133049", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2016", "title": "political party formation by former armed opposition groups after civil war", "label": [ "94625758", "199539241", "81631423", "2780668109", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2151785466", "2289384457" ], "reference": [ "45525005", "137091495", "177879470", "569352927", "587580247", "594078397", "606783974", "1502055843", "1511118900", "1519463293", "1548516183", "1579940523", "1770574608", "1956874385", "1958372422", "1966690268", "1968861593", "1983684785", "1983907424", "1985072053", "1994330466", "1997266203", "1997325570", "2007352806", "2024096835", "2048005607", "2049809295", "2058777072", "2059828649", "2068505016", "2076602957", "2091585384", "2115057879", "2118852044", "2125711184", "2128780047", "2130058159", "2130663341", "2131607071", "2132430039", "2137769837", "2143801717", "2154070668", "2165611314", "2166196853", "2167046551", "2169806385", "2169844516", "2291341743", "2317953442", "2322015594", "2493270394", "2493978368", "2500665462", "2516775113", "2609185000", "2795767164", "2800404030", "2802503707", "3121888622" ], "abstract": "abstractunder what conditions are rebel groups successfully incorporated into democratic politics when civil war ends using an original cross national longitudinal dataset we examine political party formation by armed opposition groups over a 20 year period from 1990 to 2009 we find that former armed opposition groups form parties in more than half of our observations a rebel group s pre war political experience characteristics of the war and how it ended outweigh factors such as the country s political and economic traits and history we advance a theoretical framework based on rebel leaders expectations of success in post war politics and we argue that high rates of party formation by former armed opposition groups are likely a reflection of democratic weakness rather than democratic robustness in countries emerging from conflict", "title_raw": "Political party formation by former armed opposition groups after civil war", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACTUnder what conditions are rebel groups successfully incorporated into democratic politics when civil war ends? Using an original cross-national, longitudinal dataset, we examine political party formation by armed opposition groups over a 20-year period, from 1990 to 2009. We find that former armed opposition groups form parties in more than half of our observations. A rebel group\u2019s pre-war political experience, characteristics of the war and how it ended outweigh factors such as the country\u2019s political and economic traits and history. We advance a theoretical framework based on rebel leaders\u2019 expectations of success in post-war politics, and we argue that high rates of party formation by former armed opposition groups are likely a reflection of democratic weakness rather than democratic robustness in countries emerging from conflict." }, { "paper": "2516641928", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2016", "title": "failure to converge presidential candidates core partisans and the missing middle in american electoral politics", "label": [ "39549134", "125505783", "197487636", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2111590611" ], "reference": [ "135391734", "596577994", "638003039", "648310587", "1578358862", "1596062394", "1977825494", "1978544641", "1981357072", "2031644889", "2043031359", "2117062748", "2316813132", "2472707757", "2516581790" ], "abstract": "the logic of electoral competition suggests that candidates should have to adopt moderate issue positions to win majority support but u s presidential candidates consistently take relatively extreme positions on a variety of important issues some observers have attributed these polarized positions to the extreme views of the parties core supporters i characterize the issue preferences of core republicans core democrats and swing voters over the past three decades and assess how well the positions of presidential candidates reflect those preferences i find that republican candidates have generally been responsive to the positions of their base however democratic candidates have often been even more extreme than the democratic base suggesting that electoral polarization is due in significant part to candidates own convictions rather than the need to mollify core partisans neither party s presidential candidates have been more than minimally responsive to the views of swing voters", "title_raw": "Failure to Converge Presidential Candidates, Core Partisans, and the Missing Middle in American Electoral Politics", "abstract_raw": "The logic of electoral competition suggests that candidates should have to adopt moderate issue positions to win majority support. But U.S. presidential candidates consistently take relatively extreme positions on a variety of important issues. Some observers have attributed these \u201cpolarized\u201d positions to the extreme views of the parties\u2019 core supporters. I characterize the issue preferences of core Republicans, core Democrats, and swing voters over the past three decades and assess how well the positions of presidential candidates reflect those preferences. I find that Republican candidates have generally been responsive to the positions of their base. However, Democratic candidates have often been even more extreme than the Democratic base, suggesting that electoral polarization is due in significant part to candidates\u2019 own convictions rather than the need to mollify core partisans. Neither party\u2019s presidential candidates have been more than minimally responsive to the views of swing voters." }, { "paper": "2259702601", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2016", "title": "introduction to culture around the bases a forum on the u s military presence in northeast asia", "label": [ "2119116" ], "author": [ "2155944151" ], "reference": [ "119528782", "238066774", "378784170", "562264081", "566089198", "573693698", "611448145", "624518153", "1485995441", "1531217281", "1597183254", "1608940586", "1948039861", "1970357178", "2015085376", "2076283118", "2331740636" ], "abstract": "this introduction discusses how to think about the u s military presence as an understudied force of globalization both theoretically and historically in an effort to bring together three articles written by a sociologist an anthropologist and a historian it engages theoretically with issues of unequal power relations feelings of ambivalence and postcolonial agency it also provides summaries of three case studies on south korea okinawa and mainland japan to show both intentional and unintentional cultural consequences of the long term u s military presence in these societies", "title_raw": "Introduction to \u201cCulture around the Bases: A Forum on the U.S. Military Presence in Northeast Asia\u201d", "abstract_raw": "This introduction discusses how to think about the U.S. military presence as an understudied force of globalization both theoretically and historically. In an effort to bring together three articles written by a sociologist, an anthropologist, and a historian, it engages theoretically with issues of unequal power relations, feelings of ambivalence, and postcolonial agency. It also provides summaries of three case studies on South Korea, Okinawa, and mainland Japan to show both intentional and unintentional cultural consequences of the long-term U.S. military presence in these societies." }, { "paper": "3122467412", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2016", "title": "cost shifting in multitiered welfare states responding to rising welfare caseloads in germany and switzerland", "label": [ "65414064", "100243477", "12017312", "129603779", "2776596588", "19159745", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2568268458", "709203529" ], "reference": [ "20997510", "28432366", "45833595", "124319824", "149667935", "322101433", "402469051", "429798135", "576302719", "612274305", "629337306", "640364968", "964372933", "1483527062", "1498962508", "1538299216", "1550168971", "1565268707", "1569049518", "1576672858", "1913765890", "1939314445", "2002414240", "2015303421", "2017256366", "2040443989", "2080917971", "2092232058", "2107901151", "2128990814", "2134907890", "2167648828", "2183620323", "2376865079", "2486105355", "2490897215", "2609800948", "2912453667", "3122122879", "3126056731" ], "abstract": "in this article we analyze if and how different levels of government off load clients onto other welfare state programs that are not under their financial responsibility we hypothesize that the extent to which cost shifting takes place in a multitiered welfare state depends on the degree of fiscal centralization and we expect cost shifting to be more prevalent in federal countries where the constituent units have strong fiscal autonomy in order to empirically examine this claim we compare germany and switzerland two federal countries that differ considerably in matters of fiscal centralization empirically we find that in fact cost shifting occurred irrespective of the degree of fiscal centralization however there are differences in how the two countries reacted to cost shifting practices fiscally centralized germany has been more successful in limiting cost shifting practices than decentralized switzerland by connecting the literature on social policy and fiscal federalism the article contributes to a broader understanding of the functioning of multitiered welfare states", "title_raw": "Cost-Shifting in Multitiered Welfare States: Responding to Rising Welfare Caseloads in Germany and Switzerland", "abstract_raw": "In this article, we analyze if and how different levels of government off-load clients onto other welfare state programs that are not under their financial responsibility. We hypothesize that the extent to which cost-shifting takes place in a multitiered welfare state depends on the degree of fiscal centralization, and we expect cost-shifting to be more prevalent in federal countries where the constituent units have strong fiscal autonomy. In order to empirically examine this claim, we compare Germany and Switzerland, two federal countries that differ considerably in matters of fiscal centralization. Empirically, we find that in fact cost-shifting occurred irrespective of the degree of fiscal centralization. However, there are differences in how the two countries reacted to cost-shifting practices. Fiscally centralized Germany has been more successful in limiting cost-shifting practices than decentralized Switzerland. By connecting the literature on social policy and fiscal federalism, the article contributes to a broader understanding of the functioning of multitiered welfare states." }, { "paper": "2543698949", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2016", "title": "the cultural revolution as a crisis of representation", "label": [ "501299471", "148834064", "2776359362", "2780400262", "94625758", "2781188222", "184386139" ], "author": [ "2130284755" ], "reference": [ "618487289", "646092660", "1606999530", "1952777688", "1983889568", "2027048426", "2103327665", "2103911094", "2113899186", "2139387599", "2142373718", "2264291950", "2751540160", "3206026923" ], "abstract": "the may 16 notification which set the agenda for the cultural revolution named the movement s key targets as those representatives of the bourgeoisie who have sneaked into the party the government the army and all spheres of culture the ensuing uprising of students and workers many of whom claimed to be the loyal representatives of revolutionary and radical forces at the grassroots of society exposed the fulminating crisis of political representation under ccp rule this article considers the cultural revolution as a manifestation of a continuing crisis of representation within revolutionary socialism that remains unresolved to the present day as demonstrated by the tepid popular response to jiang zemin s three represents and widespread contemporary concerns about the party s representativeness daibiaoxing in the wake of market reform although the cultural revolution enabled both public debate of and political experimentation with new forms of representative politics the movement failed to resolve the crisis the party s lingering disquiet regarding issues of representation thus remains one legacy of the cultural revolution", "title_raw": "The Cultural Revolution as a Crisis of Representation", "abstract_raw": "The May 16 Notification, which set the agenda for the Cultural Revolution, named the movement's key targets as those \u201crepresentatives of the bourgeoisie who have sneaked into the Party, the government, the army, and all spheres of culture.\u201d The ensuing uprising of students and workers, many of whom claimed to be the loyal \u201crepresentatives\u201d of revolutionary and radical forces at the grassroots of society, exposed the fulminating crisis of political representation under CCP rule. This article considers the Cultural Revolution as a manifestation of a continuing crisis of representation within revolutionary socialism that remains unresolved to the present day, as demonstrated by the tepid popular response to Jiang Zemin's \u201cthree represents\u201d and widespread contemporary concerns about the Party's \u201crepresentativeness\u201d ( daibiaoxing \u4ee3\u8868\u6027) in the wake of market reform. Although the Cultural Revolution enabled both public debate of and political experimentation with new forms of representative politics, the movement failed to resolve the crisis. The Party's lingering disquiet regarding issues of representation thus remains one legacy of the Cultural Revolution." }, { "paper": "2309541833", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2016", "title": "the diffusion of international border agreements", "label": [ "2780719617", "2776398702", "55447825" ], "author": [ "2052424436", "738377883" ], "reference": [ "578652457", "604880273", "628385520", "650205110", "655829071", "1467391265", "1522747346", "1535090627", "1535643370", "1570462231", "1582684281", "1601124207", "1835155391", "1920540196", "1986486185", "1989494786", "1995964689", "1996669457", "2002065917", "2016455923", "2019618593", "2024564153", "2030062452", "2041685217", "2051416251", "2059421956", "2059818569", "2062093040", "2062663664", "2067369851", "2068869385", "2087750137", "2098643848", "2100931892", "2102949004", "2105102857", "2105825936", "2108582646", "2118613808", "2123972665", "2128275681", "2136039104", "2140627861", "2142363092", "2145471384", "2145868339", "2153031274", "2155589374", "2158616796", "2170527550", "2259409140", "2268946861", "2314726230", "2322306777", "2484934209", "2780739627", "3121768899", "3124594404" ], "abstract": "can actors interactions affect similar future interactions between those initial actors and others we investigate this broad question through the lens of international border agreements in particular we propose that border agreements can emerge through a previously overlooked mechanism diffusion because border territory is salient leaders are expected to misrepresent their positions and therefore have difficulty credibly conveying information to their counterpart to overcome this problem actors require a costly signal and we argue that border agreements can serve this purpose when a state signs a border agreement with a neighboring state it signals to its other neighbors about both the existence of a bargaining range and the potentially acceptable provisions thereby helping these other neighbors successfully conclude border agreements with the original signatory states an analysis of all contiguous dyads during the period 1816 2001 uncovers substantial support for our argument", "title_raw": "The Diffusion of International Border Agreements", "abstract_raw": "Can actors\u2019 interactions affect similar, future interactions between those initial actors and others? We investigate this broad question through the lens of international border agreements. In particular, we propose that border agreements can emerge through a previously overlooked mechanism: diffusion. Because border territory is salient, leaders are expected to misrepresent their positions and therefore have difficulty credibly conveying information to their counterpart. To overcome this problem, actors require a costly signal, and we argue that border agreements can serve this purpose. When a state signs a border agreement with a neighboring state, it signals to its other neighbors about both the existence of a bargaining range and the potentially acceptable provisions, thereby helping these other neighbors successfully conclude border agreements with the original signatory states. An analysis of all contiguous dyads during the period 1816\u20132001 uncovers substantial support for our argument." }, { "paper": "2581093868", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2016", "title": "israel and the post american middle east why the status quo is sustainable", "label": [ "2776748549", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2232864288" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Israel and the Post-American Middle East: Why the Status Quo is Sustainable", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2415682151", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2016", "title": "men s health beyond masculinity", "label": [ "2780430339", "2776398702", "2776643233", "160735492" ], "author": [ "2234790718", "2184072407" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the article discusses the state of men s health and health care and the notion that masculinity is the reason behind men s poor health and shorter life expectancy according to the authors the u s patient protection and affordable care act aca has the potential to improve the health of men in southern states my brother s keeper an initiative started by u s president barack obama is also mentioned", "title_raw": "Men\u2019s Health: Beyond Masculinity", "abstract_raw": "The article discusses the state of men's health and health care and the notion that masculinity is the reason behind men's poor health and shorter life expectancy. According to the authors, the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has the potential to improve the health of men in southern states. My Brother's Keeper, an initiative started by U.S. President Barack Obama is also mentioned." }, { "paper": "2325788608", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "brazil bill would legalize renegade cancer pill", "label": [ "2777351106", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2336121840" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "a showdown over a controversial cancer therapy has intensified pitting brazil9s scientists against its congress last week responding to a clamor from politicians and desperate patients the congress voted to legalize the production and distribution of synthetic phosphoethanolamine even though the putative cancer drug has not been clinically tested or registered with the brazilian health surveillance agency scientists blast the legislation as a travesty apart from patient testimonials and a few preliminary studies in tumor cell lines and in mice critics say there is no evidence of the safety or efficacy of the compound popularly known as the cancer pill or fosfo several thousand patients are estimated to have taken it brazilian president dilma rousseff has until 13 april to decide whether to sign the bill into law", "title_raw": "Brazil bill would legalize renegade cancer pill", "abstract_raw": "A showdown over a controversial cancer therapy has intensified, pitting Brazil9s scientists against its congress. Last week, responding to a clamor from politicians and desperate patients, the congress voted to legalize the production and distribution of synthetic phosphoethanolamine, even though the putative cancer drug has not been clinically tested or registered with the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency. Scientists blast the legislation as a travesty. Apart from patient testimonials and a few preliminary studies in tumor cell lines and in mice, critics say, there is no evidence of the safety or efficacy of the compound, popularly known as the \"cancer pill\" or \"fosfo.\" Several thousand patients are estimated to have taken it. Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff has until 13 April to decide whether to sign the bill into law." }, { "paper": "2334914526", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2016", "title": "legislative effectiveness in the united states congress the lawmakers by craig volden and alan e wiseman new york cambridge university press 2014", "label": [ "199539241", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2719639935" ], "reference": [ "1492995868" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Legislative Effectiveness in the United States Congress: The Lawmakers. By Craig Volden and Alan E. Wiseman. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2550651127", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2016", "title": "uk research reform poor timing", "label": [ "2778584109", "2779473830", "148834064", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2167195252" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "UK research reform: poor timing", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2396472440", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2016", "title": "sweden expels russian research plane amid spying concerns", "label": [ "558872910" ], "author": [ "2704334216" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sweden expels Russian research plane amid spying concerns", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2528033162", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2016", "title": "amalia ribi forclaz humanitarian imperialism the politics of anti slavery activism 1880 1940", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "1976783444" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Amalia Ribi Forclaz.Humanitarian Imperialism: The Politics of Anti-Slavery Activism, 1880\u20131940.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2514342720", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2016", "title": "the koch network and republican party extremism", "label": [ "199539241", "522562087", "2776129789", "94625758", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2216324088", "2093297185" ], "reference": [ "581203498", "581891773", "595796741", "614917022", "630073270", "638003039", "788661756", "1505006517", "1596062394", "1670435948", "1971966319", "2082768218", "2110491165", "2137858988", "2139731610", "2140622227", "2149948916", "2195630539", "2315419322", "2411690126", "2444597154", "2491910229" ], "abstract": "presidential election years attract attention to the rhetoric personalities and agendas of contending white house aspirants but these headlines do not reflect the ongoing political shifts that will confront whoever moves into the white house in 2017 earthquakes and erosions have remade the u s political terrain reconfiguring the ground on which politicians and social groups must maneuver and it is important to make sure that narrow and short term analyses do not blind us to this shifting terrain we draw from research on changes since 2000 in the organizational universes surrounding the republican and democratic parties to highlight a major emergent force in u s politics the recently expanded koch network that coordinates big money funders idea producers issue advocates and innovative constituency building efforts in an ongoing effort to pull the republican party and agendas of u s politics sharply to the right we review the major components and evolution of the koch network and explore how it has reshaped american politics and policy agendas focusing especially on implications for right tilted partisan polarization and rising economic inequality", "title_raw": "The Koch Network and Republican Party Extremism", "abstract_raw": "Presidential election years attract attention to the rhetoric, personalities, and agendas of contending White House aspirants, but these headlines do not reflect the ongoing political shifts that will confront whoever moves into the White House in 2017. Earthquakes and erosions have remade the U.S. political terrain, reconfiguring the ground on which politicians and social groups must maneuver, and it is important to make sure that narrow and short-term analyses do not blind us to this shifting terrain. We draw from research on changes since 2000 in the organizational universes surrounding the Republican and Democratic parties to highlight a major emergent force in U.S. politics: the recently expanded \u201cKoch network\u201d that coordinates big money funders, idea producers, issue advocates, and innovative constituency-building efforts in an ongoing effort to pull the Republican Party and agendas of U.S. politics sharply to the right. We review the major components and evolution of the Koch network and explore how it has reshaped American politics and policy agendas, focusing especially on implications for right-tilted partisan polarization and rising economic inequality." }, { "paper": "2381289602", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2016", "title": "women land and justice in tanzania by helen dancer martlesham james currey pp 216 45 hbk", "label": [ "139621336" ], "author": [ "53720757" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Women, Land and Justice in Tanzania by Helen Dancer Martlesham: James Currey, Pp. 216. \u00a345 (hbk)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2414719653", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2016", "title": "an inflection point in european union studies", "label": [ "203133693", "2781046721" ], "author": [ "2121479911" ], "reference": [ "2039743992", "2094242785", "2236987199", "2289629315", "2404742489", "2412288147", "2413393018", "2424129841", "2442645186", "2464227601", "2465090685", "2474320911" ], "abstract": "abstractthis contribution introduces a selection of the best papers presented at the 2015 european union studies association s biennial conference it uses these papers as a jumping off point to consider whether european union eu studies suffers the same gap with real world problems that is seen to afflict some portions of the academy and to ask whether eu studies is at an inflection point it argues that eu studies are closely linked to the substance of the european project it identifies how the contributions to this collection speak to different aspects of the eu closer co operation policy making within a normal political system the implications of european integration for its member states given this link between the substance of the european project and the focus of eu studies this contribution argues that the challenges currently confronting the eu the lingering eurozone debt crises the migrant refugee crisis the prospect of a british exit and recent terrorist attacks may mark an i", "title_raw": "An inflection point in European Union studies", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACTThis contribution introduces a selection of the best papers presented at the 2015 European Union Studies Association\u2019s biennial conference. It uses these papers as a jumping off point to consider whether European Union (EU) studies suffers the same \u2018gap\u2019 with real-world problems that is seen to afflict some portions of the academy and to ask whether EU studies is at an inflection point. It argues that EU studies are closely linked to the substance of the European project. It identifies how the contributions to this collection speak to different aspects of the EU: closer co-operation; policy-making within a \u2018normal\u2019 political system; the implications of European integration for its member states. Given this link between the substance of the European project and the focus of EU studies, this contribution argues that the challenges currently confronting the EU \u2013 the lingering eurozone debt crises; the migrant/refugee crisis; the prospect of a British exit; and recent terrorist attacks \u2013 may mark an i..." }, { "paper": "2530891271", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2016", "title": "scepticism over the uk s plan to train more british doctors", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2312205325" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Scepticism over the UK's plan to train more British doctors", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2507678821", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2016", "title": "presidential address a call for inclusion why aapor needs an increased focus to thrive", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2950067412" ], "reference": [ "2018179723", "2126665084", "2150209678", "2191757638" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Presidential Address A Call for Inclusion: Why AAPOR Needs an Increased Focus to Thrive", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2559188392", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2016", "title": "trump voters show importance of sdgs", "label": [ "110888244", "94625758", "189326681" ], "author": [ "2797212478" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Trump: voters show importance of SDGs.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2597577291", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2017", "title": "how to elect more women gender and candidate success in a field experiment", "label": [ "2776359362", "2780608745", "200939439", "39549134", "45184978", "83009810", "2776985886" ], "author": [ "2025987020", "1895424088", "2036621213" ], "reference": [ "184149499", "224742924", "430011393", "567876517", "580873340", "600035170", "602886525", "615229195", "1800722477", "1909913088", "1963623953", "1968185781", "1971326480", "1975057506", "1987948207", "2004482486", "2009773916", "2013062353", "2022422561", "2022590791", "2022692451", "2023627001", "2025366758", "2026609215", "2028921029", "2030935779", "2034060762", "2035512059", "2055574359", "2083345248", "2093273378", "2097722488", "2102468974", "2106605967", "2106720309", "2113799018", "2116800951", "2127904331", "2132219146", "2139263716", "2142438898", "2146093036", "2148778355", "2157979842", "2158773967", "2164870209", "2168001754", "2190173385", "2261780915", "2307206019", "2313148857", "2318958128", "2319116162", "2319416748", "2322956582", "3124016754" ], "abstract": "women are dramatically underrepresented in legislative bodies and most scholars agree that the greatest limiting factor is the lack of female candidates supply however voters subconscious biases demand may also play a role particularly among conservatives we designed an original field experiment to test whether messages from party leaders can affect women s electoral success the experimental treatments involved messages from a state republican party chair to the leaders of 1 842 precinct level caucus meetings we find that party leaders efforts to stoke both supply and demand and especially both together increase the number of women elected as delegates to the statewide nominating convention we replicate this finding in a survey experiment with a national sample of validated republican primary election voters n 2 897 our results suggest that simple interventions from party leaders can affect the behavior of candidates and voters and ultimately lead to a substantial increase in women s descriptive representation", "title_raw": "How to Elect More Women: Gender and Candidate Success in a Field Experiment", "abstract_raw": "Women are dramatically underrepresented in legislative bodies, and most scholars agree that the greatest limiting factor is the lack of female candidates (supply). However, voters\u2019 subconscious biases (demand) may also play a role, particularly among conservatives. We designed an original field experiment to test whether messages from party leaders can affect women's electoral success. The experimental treatments involved messages from a state Republican Party chair to the leaders of 1,842 precinct-level caucus meetings. We find that party leaders\u2019 efforts to stoke both supply and demand (and especially both together) increase the number of women elected as delegates to the statewide nominating convention. We replicate this finding in a survey experiment with a national sample of validated Republican primary election voters (N = 2,897). Our results suggest that simple interventions from party leaders can affect the behavior of candidates and voters and ultimately lead to a substantial increase in women's descriptive representation." }, { "paper": "2885458480", "venue": "90857023", "year": "2017", "title": "at home at two countries the past and future of dual citizenship", "label": [ "2780781376" ], "author": [ "91586894" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "At Home at Two Countries: The Past and Future of Dual Citizenship.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2604503051", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2017", "title": "un intended consequences of european parliamentary elections edited by w van der brug and c h de vreese oxford oxford university press 2016 isbn 9780198757412 xv 296pp 55 00 hb", "label": [ "59742305" ], "author": [ "2600035037" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "(Un)intended Consequences of European Parliamentary Elections, edited by W. van der Brug and C.H. de Vreese (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016, ISBN 9780198757412); xv+296pp., \u00a355.00 hb.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2608342187", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2017", "title": "transnationalism and health a systematic literature review on the use of transnationalism in the study of the health practices and behaviors of migrants", "label": [ "94625758", "160735492", "110888244", "2777671340", "189708586", "2776614217" ], "author": [ "2306494638", "2043737227", "2431574444", "2662454273", "1981916798", "2690282032", "2052757496" ], "reference": [ "92688970", "787745401", "979011514", "1479756214", "1481641678", "1571454472", "1965249498", "1972553120", "1977316386", "1983748598", "1986909938", "1988062659", "1988236885", "1990441538", "1990912220", "1994592819", "1995419648", "1998450322", "2020416203", "2026866901", "2029701264", "2040626224", "2046299885", "2051522015", "2063375021", "2069180544", "2069761330", "2073420349", "2087095803", "2093254307", "2093524790", "2124508885", "2130093475", "2139236032", "2141302963", "2147423435", "2150113047", "2152227824", "2156098321", "2161224971", "2162099562", "2169462149", "2260041688", "2268891954", "2274405952", "2288781239", "2303700668", "2321981869", "2991792334", "3013841313" ], "abstract": "transnationalism explores social economic and political processes that occur beyond national borders and has been widely used in migration studies we conducted a systematic review to explore if and how transnationalism has been used to study migrants health and what a transnational perspective contributes to understanding health practices and behaviors of transnational migrants we identified 26 empirical studies published in peer reviewed journals that included a transnational perspective to study migrants health practices and behaviors the studies describe the ways in which migrants travel back and forth between countries of destination to countries of origin to receive health care for reasons related to cost language and perceptions of service quality in addition the use of services in countries of origin is related to processes of social class transformation and reclaiming of social rights for those migrants who cannot travel active participation in transnational networks is a crucial way to remotely access services through phone or email and to acquire medical supplies and other health related goods traditional medicine home remedies we conclude with recommendations for future research in this area", "title_raw": "Transnationalism and health: A systematic literature review on the use of transnationalism in the study of the health practices and behaviors of migrants", "abstract_raw": "Transnationalism explores social, economic and political processes that occur beyond national borders and has been widely used in migration studies. We conducted a systematic review to explore if and how transnationalism has been used to study migrants' health and what a transnational perspective contributes to understanding health practices and behaviors of transnational migrants. We identified 26 empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals that included a transnational perspective to study migrants' health practices and behaviors. The studies describe the ways in which migrants travel back and forth between countries of destination to countries of origin to receive health care, for reasons related to cost, language, and perceptions of service quality. In addition, the use of services in countries of origin is related to processes of social class transformation and reclaiming of social rights. For those migrants who cannot travel, active participation in transnational networks is a crucial way to remotely access services through phone or email, and to acquire medical supplies and other health-related goods (traditional medicine, home remedies). We conclude with recommendations for future research in this area." }, { "paper": "2745906126", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2017", "title": "autocracy migration and the gambia s unprecedented 2016 election", "label": [ "144661447" ], "author": [ "2632205424", "2746527662", "1995788007", "2396532509" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Autocracy, migration, and The Gambia's \u2018unprecedented\u2019 2016 election", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2591630212", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2017", "title": "divided spirits tequila mezcal and the politics of productiondivided spirits tequila mezcal and the politics of production by bowensarah oakland university of california press 2015 280 pp 29 95 paper isbn 9780520281059", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2296004221" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Divided Spirits: Tequila, Mezcal, and the Politics of ProductionDivided Spirits: Tequila, Mezcal, and the Politics of Production, by BowenSarah. Oakland: University of California Press, 2015. 280 pp. $29.95 paper. ISBN: 9780520281059.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2596174931", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2017", "title": "social movements and public relations in the early twentieth century how one group used public relations to curtail venereal disease rates", "label": [ "78491826", "39549134", "134698397", "67037518", "123108692" ], "author": [ "2607478226" ], "reference": [ "134400949", "151598431", "596076353", "791497666", "958735467", "1483098261", "1558245228", "1560048644", "1580293196", "1627032203", "1852766667", "1983559161", "1992813690", "2019589323", "2031193845", "2031292756", "2042161510", "2095278331", "2109467114", "2134310663", "2171525269", "2227923157", "2319594700", "2346073315", "2469577073", "2908740873", "2909434491", "2953823387" ], "abstract": "abstracta case study of the american social hygiene association asha campaign to craft a national vision for social health showed that the group used public relations like strategies to as one of their officials said crystallize public opinion years before edward bernays wrote a book of the same title although these efforts might not have been labeled public relations at the time this study introduces some precedents of contemporary public relations in this study social activism offered a more robust approach to addressing an issue than using media relations alone could do asha members used communication strategies such as segmenting audiences utilizing events to reach appropriate audiences using visual media and creating house organs to arouse public sentiment influence attitudes and promote desired behavior this case study expands public relations history theory by examining why asha members practiced public relations as they did in this case asha used persuasive communication to pierc", "title_raw": "Social movements and public relations in the early twentieth century: How one group used public relations to curtail venereal disease rates", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACTA case study of the American Social Hygiene Association (ASHA) campaign to craft a national vision for social health showed that the group used public relations-like strategies to, as one of their officials said, \u201ccrystallize public opinion\u201d years before Edward Bernays wrote a book of the same title. Although these efforts might not have been labeled public relations at the time, this study introduces some precedents of contemporary public relations. In this study, social activism offered a more robust approach to addressing an issue than using media relations alone could do. ASHA members used communication strategies such as segmenting audiences, utilizing events to reach appropriate audiences, using visual media, and creating house organs to arouse public sentiment, influence attitudes, and promote desired behavior.This case study expands public relations history theory by examining why ASHA members practiced public relations as they did. In this case, ASHA used persuasive communication to pierc..." }, { "paper": "2606286857", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2017", "title": "an examination of how source classification impacts credibility and consumer behavior", "label": [ "2776620684", "2780224610" ], "author": [ "2577403480", "2606995189" ], "reference": [ "100200879", "1662240627", "1867556224", "1938784879", "1965817012", "1969861591", "1987930784", "1992768503", "2004176052", "2016325114", "2049047933", "2062117700", "2064730034", "2065628754", "2069406609", "2103214199", "2103413716", "2123597250", "2130995195", "2140449631", "2143799571", "2154990482", "2183459771", "2187360007", "2246886608", "2305684988", "2317589030", "2416013635", "2433203947", "3147173257" ], "abstract": "abstract this research revisits source credibility based upon the popular peso paid earned shared and owned source classification more specific this study examines source credibility and channel effectiveness in terms of moving consumers along the communication lifecycle model based upon their exposure to information embedded in paid traditional advertising and native advertising earned traditional news story shared independent blogger and owned company blog media one thousand five hundred respondents recruited from a consumer panel participated in this 2 level of involvement x 5 source experimental design study when respondents were asked to self report on their levels of trust with various sources they indicated the highest level of trust with consumer reviews and earned media and the lowest level of trust with native advertising the experimental design study yielded no major differences among the sources for the communication lifecycle variables native advertising was viewed as less credible than traditional advertising in the experimental design there were no differences in perceived credibility based upon exposure to traditional advertising versus a news story confirming prior academic research suggestions are offered for public relations practitioners on selecting sources for messaging to drive behavior", "title_raw": "An examination of how source classification impacts credibility and consumer behavior", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This research revisits source credibility based upon the popular PESO (Paid, Earned, Shared and Owned) source classification. More specific, this study examines source credibility and channel effectiveness in terms of moving consumers along the communication lifecycle model based upon their exposure to information embedded in paid (traditional advertising and native advertising), earned (traditional news story), shared (independent blogger) and owned (company blog) media. One thousand, five hundred respondents recruited from a consumer panel participated in this 2 (level of involvement) x 5 (source) experimental design study. When respondents were asked to self-report on their levels of trust with various sources, they indicated the highest level of trust with consumer reviews and earned media and the lowest level of trust with native advertising. The experimental design study yielded no major differences among the sources for the communication lifecycle variables. Native advertising was viewed as less credible than traditional advertising in the experimental design. There were no differences in perceived credibility based upon exposure to traditional advertising versus a news story, confirming prior academic research. Suggestions are offered for public relations practitioners on selecting sources for messaging to drive behavior." }, { "paper": "2746506280", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2017", "title": "saving america first", "label": [ "513891491", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2521988902" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Saving \u201cAmerica First\u201d", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2740220022", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2017", "title": "the hearts and minds fallacy violence coercion and success in counterinsurgency warfare", "label": [ "2777582232", "118813454", "39549134", "148834064", "2779175671", "2776051254", "2776153805" ], "author": [ "1964216131" ], "reference": [ "2680854", "16794308", "74800840", "149891592", "304329984", "304980875", "369124220", "413461548", "422151479", "565263129", "594078397", "597576776", "600468708", "606783974", "611282480", "611564240", "621146490", "621616166", "625576558", "644791256", "658435137", "1483538647", "1503004593", "1508296537", "1517760583", "1524307026", "1537510324", "1549742042", "1562889235", "1577489325", "1582973007", "1603834537", "1606222572", "1606431145", "1621392259", "1682314167", "1825557522", "1825709978", "1963819217", "1966027696", "1970145788", "1972750723", "1976505459", "1987997643", "1988287638", "1989642217", "1991637087", "1992708964", "1993701378", "1996546974", "1996881257", "1997023124", "1997542402", "1998912793", "2001016723", "2001947157", "2013136813", "2014402539", "2018896844", "2019848752", "2020921337", "2024943951", "2034619060", "2036203657", "2043317150", "2049401804", "2052926216", "2054147066", "2058961374", "2059297082", "2068171694", "2086189766", "2094076932", "2094751717", "2103785259", "2111656999", "2112158844", "2119672633", "2121678485", "2121697314", "2125825876", "2127144846", "2137478289", "2138888719", "2140693833", "2144854639", "2145159851", "2146884126", "2149421470", "2157455144", "2164694041", "2165611314", "2250886915", "2290030243", "2494176195", "2608331542", "2797044134", "2797235249", "2891996476", "2918028556", "2991972528", "3021009369", "3125171709" ], "abstract": "debates over how governments can defeat insurgencies ebb and flow with international events becoming particularly contentious when the united states encounters problems in its efforts to support a counterinsurgent government often the united states confronts these problems as a zero sum game in which the government and the insurgents compete for popular support and cooperation the u s prescription for success has had two main elements to support liberalizing democratizing reforms to reduce popular grievances and to pursue a military strategy that carefully targets insurgents while avoiding harming civilians an analysis of contemporaneous documents and interviews with participants in three cases held up as models of the governance approach malaya dhofar and el salvador shows that counterinsurgency success is the result of a violent process of state building in which elites contest for power popular interests matter little and the government benefits from uses of force against civilians", "title_raw": "The \"Hearts and Minds\" Fallacy: Violence, Coercion, and Success in Counterinsurgency Warfare", "abstract_raw": "Debates over how governments can defeat insurgencies ebb and flow with international events, becoming particularly contentious when the United States encounters problems in its efforts to support a counterinsurgent government. Often the United States confronts these problems as a zero-sum game in which the government and the insurgents compete for popular support and cooperation. The U.S. prescription for success has had two main elements: to support liberalizing, democratizing reforms to reduce popular grievances; and to pursue a military strategy that carefully targets insurgents while avoiding harming civilians. An analysis of contemporaneous documents and interviews with participants in three cases held up as models of the governance approach\u2014Malaya, Dhofar, and El Salvador\u2014shows that counterinsurgency success is the result of a violent process of state building in which elites contest for power, popular interests matter little, and the government benefits from uses of force against civilians." }, { "paper": "2734598060", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2017", "title": "nato trump s burden", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2735185558" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "NATO: Trump's Burden", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2608780694", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2017", "title": "public relations and social businesses the importance of enhancing engagement", "label": [ "2780725026", "2776663400", "137757676", "205112559", "39549134" ], "author": [ "238082779" ], "reference": [ "22496094", "97635698", "571877933", "617183214", "624670371", "1491649761", "1923288562", "1965992248", "1968398663", "1972438868", "1987412219", "1990513740", "1990807804", "1994174768", "1997306725", "2002125050", "2010800584", "2010962925", "2012021777", "2013578837", "2017429777", "2031918962", "2038549278", "2039898018", "2056285348", "2059518795", "2072292731", "2119768603", "2119861206", "2121583048", "2127716659", "2156936111", "2168887669", "2981968928", "3141469637", "3170815410" ], "abstract": "abstract public relations is usually practiced within three clearly defined organizational settings the public or governmental sector the private or business sector and the social nonprofit sector over the past few decades the boundaries between the three sectors have blurred and new types of organizations and initiatives that combine environmental aims with business approaches have emerged these new organizations and initiatives create a challenge for public relations practitioners practitioners need to raise awareness among various publics to a new type of organization that combines both societal and business like characteristics and they need to promote dialogue and engagement with these publics this study focuses on social businesses that is self sustainable businesses that address social goals yunus 2007 based on a representative sample of 202 respondents this study utilizes the diffusion of innovations theory doi rogers 1962 to argue for the importance of engagement to a successful process of diffusion and to demonstrate how doi theory might enrich public relations theory and practice", "title_raw": "Public relations and social businesses: The importance of enhancing engagement", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Public relations is usually practiced within three clearly defined organizational settings: the public or governmental sector, the private or business sector and the social nonprofit sector. Over the past few decades, the boundaries between the three sectors have blurred, and new types of organizations and initiatives that combine environmental aims with business approaches have emerged. These new organizations and initiatives create a challenge for public relations practitioners: practitioners need to raise awareness among various publics to a new type of organization that combines both societal and business-like characteristics, and they need to promote dialogue and engagement with these publics. This study focuses on social businesses\u2014that is, self-sustainable businesses that address social goals (Yunus, 2007). Based on a representative sample of 202 respondents, this study utilizes the Diffusion of Innovations theory (DOI) (Rogers, 1962) to argue for the importance of engagement to a successful process of diffusion and to demonstrate how DOI theory might enrich public relations theory and practice." }, { "paper": "2120778813", "venue": "45992627", "year": "2017", "title": "national happiness and genetic distance a cautious exploration", "label": [ "2776420229", "2778999518", "87616379" ], "author": [ "2033861422", "2134834445" ], "reference": [ "193119862", "1483172313", "1537646239", "1966865235", "1967252619", "1967403078", "1968606961", "1975878048", "1977856930", "1977902712", "1978715225", "1986559069", "2023910337", "2024311825", "2026129783", "2042170262", "2053800755", "2056317639", "2077694808", "2081092705", "2081228936", "2082720483", "2086876322", "2088452630", "2090766907", "2094271392", "2106095564", "2110161496", "2117407223", "2124936569", "2130774671", "2132832132", "2135275058", "2137918053", "2140234152", "2140738048", "2148662853", "2149689936", "2152073788", "2154435341", "2155707407", "2157308210", "2160889518", "2161124157", "2162196924", "2162576395", "2162838272", "2170084798", "2171834368", "2232877996", "2486038896", "2587279023", "2911752419", "3015078237", "3121225713", "3121239966", "3121647019", "3121776174", "3122022476", "3122840968", "3122858749", "3124395663", "3125682745", "3136389637", "3146503030" ], "abstract": "this paper studies a famous unsolved puzzle in quantitative social science why do some nations report such high levels of mental well being denmark for instance regularly tops the league table of rich countries happiness britain and the us enter further down some nations do unexpectedly poorly the explanation for the longobserved ranking one that holds after adjustment for gdp and other socioeconomic variables is currently unknown using data on 131 countries the paper cautiously explores a new approach it documents three forms of evidence consistent with the hypothesis that some nations may have a genetic advantage in well being", "title_raw": "National Happiness and Genetic Distance: A Cautious Exploration", "abstract_raw": "This paper studies a famous unsolved puzzle in quantitative social science. Why do some nations report such high levels of mental well-being? Denmark, for instance, regularly tops the league table of rich countries\u2019 happiness; Britain and the US enter further down; some nations do unexpectedly poorly. The explanation for the longobserved ranking -- one that holds after adjustment for GDP and other socioeconomic variables -- is currently unknown. Using data on 131 countries, the paper cautiously explores a new approach. It documents three forms of evidence consistent with the hypothesis that some nations may have a genetic advantage in well-being." }, { "paper": "2969170602", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2017", "title": "how the opposition is silenced in hong kong and thailand selective application of laws serves illiberal ends", "label": [ "2778222286", "2780668109", "191935318", "199539241", "2778770431" ], "author": [ "2668379160", "3174311722" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How the Opposition is Silenced in Hong Kong and Thailand: Selective Application of Laws Serves Illiberal Ends", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2587036016", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2017", "title": "larry blomstedt truman congress and korea the politics of america s first undeclared war", "label": [ "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2095657860" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Larry Blomstedt. Truman, Congress, and Korea: The Politics of America\u2019s First Undeclared War.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2611659532", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2017", "title": "brazilian business and itamaraty in the pt era foreign policy making in the context of graduation dilemmas", "label": [ "513891491", "93377909", "158071213", "17058734", "2777932401", "140413371", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2071895172" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article discusses how brazilian foreign policy makers addressed one of the key graduation dilemmas facing brazil i e the need to build domestic support for a shared vision within society for brazil s role in the international arena in the context of democratization foreign policy makers understood the importance of involving societal actors in developing foreign policy agendas and actions without hampering the coherence of diplomatic activity furthermore in the context of the rising profile of brazil in regional and global affairs it became increasingly relevant to identify and appreciate the role of domestic influences and constraints on foreign policy making the article argues that the years the workers party pt was in government 2003 2016 presented a watershed moment for foreign policy makers receptiveness to civil society inputs into foreign policy debates to do this the article analyses how one crucial group of societal actors business organized to represent its interests on foreign economic policy specifically trade policy and how the itamaraty ministry of external relations responded to business collective action it examines business interactions with the itamaraty in two phases with the global financial crisis in 2008 roughly serving as the inflection point it argues that the shift in the pt s foreign policy making approach occurs due to three factors changes in economic conditions political leadership and societal interest representation it concludes that the shifting policy preferences both pragmatic and ideological also changed the mix of societal influence on foreign policy", "title_raw": "Brazilian business and Itamaraty in the PT era: foreign policy-making in the context of \u2018graduation dilemmas\u2019", "abstract_raw": "This article discusses how Brazilian foreign policy-makers addressed one of the key graduation dilemmas facing Brazil, i.e. the need to build domestic support for a shared vision within society for Brazil's role in the international arena. In the context of democratization, foreign policy-makers understood the importance of involving societal actors in developing foreign policy agendas and actions without hampering the coherence of diplomatic activity. Furthermore, in the context of the rising profile of Brazil in regional and global affairs, it became increasingly relevant to identify and appreciate the role of domestic influences and constraints on foreign policy-making. The article argues that the years the Workers' Party (PT) was in government (2003\u20132016) presented a watershed moment for foreign policy-makers' receptiveness to civil society inputs into foreign-policy debates. To do this, the article analyses how one crucial group of societal actors\u2014business\u2014organized to represent its interests on foreign economic policy, specifically trade policy, and how the Itamaraty (Ministry of External Relations) responded to business collective action. It examines business interactions with the Itamaraty in two phases, with the global financial crisis in 2008 roughly serving as the inflection point. It argues that the shift in the PT's foreign policy-making approach occurs due to three factors: changes in economic conditions, political leadership and societal interest representation. It concludes that the shifting policy preferences (both pragmatic and ideological) also changed the mix of societal influence on foreign policy." }, { "paper": "3125365664", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2017", "title": "fear appeasement and the effectiveness of deterrence", "label": [ "2776424047", "75732639", "2779112814", "60643870" ], "author": [ "2042204847", "2138994397" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "governments often fear the future intentions of their adversaries in this article we show how this fear can make deterrent threats credible under seemingly incredible circumstances we consider a model in which a defender seeks to deter a transgression with both intrinsic and military value we examine how the defender s fear of the challenger s future belligerence affects his willingness to respond to the transgression with war we derive conditions under which even a very minor transgression effectively tests for the challenger s future belligerence which makes the defender s deterrent threat credible even when the transgression is objectively minor and the challenger is ex ante unlikely to be belligerent we also show that fear can actually benefit the defender by allowing her to credibly deter we apply the model to analyze a series of historical cases and show the robustness of our results to a variety of extensions", "title_raw": "Fear, Appeasement, and the Effectiveness of Deterrence", "abstract_raw": "Governments often fear the future intentions of their adversaries. In this article we show how this fear can make deterrent threats credible under seemingly incredible circumstances. We consider a model in which a defender seeks to deter a transgression with both intrinsic and military value. We examine how the defender\u2019s fear of the challenger\u2019s future belligerence affects his willingness to respond to the transgression with war. We derive conditions under which even a very minor transgression effectively \u201ctests\u201d for the challenger\u2019s future belligerence, which makes the defender\u2019s deterrent threat credible even when the transgression is objectively minor and the challenger is ex ante unlikely to be belligerent. We also show that fear can actually benefit the defender by allowing her to credibly deter. We apply the model to analyze a series of historical cases and show the robustness of our results to a variety of extensions." }, { "paper": "2562626113", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2017", "title": "regions that matter the arab south american interregional space", "label": [ "93377909", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2183168873" ], "reference": [ "313920440", "600373717", "631435055", "639276297", "959095239", "1877282279", "1967541354", "1972470940", "2014820058", "2040656186", "2043074258", "2053501256", "2107884105", "2111911008", "2145965704", "2166428819", "2326172233", "3121320268", "3123033122" ], "abstract": "abstractthis article critiques interregionalism as a concept that is trapped in the european union eu foreign policy toolkit narrative which in turn structures what can be said meaningfully and legitimately about interregionalism drawing on the experience of the arab south american aspa summit it shows that when speaking on interregionalism in international relations ir one need not be speaking about the eu interregional model which is understood as a vertical relationship established between the eu and an objectified regional partner of its choice rather a broader definition for interregionalism is proposed one that builds up from the basic region to region dialogue arrangement cooperation and interrogates the meaning it has for those who engage in this practice this was made possible by the construction of a framework for the analysis of the practices that lead to the materialisation of the aspa interregional discourse and that reveal how this form of interregionalism in the global sou", "title_raw": "Regions that matter: the Arab\u2013South American interregional space", "abstract_raw": "AbstractThis article critiques interregionalism as a concept that is trapped in the European Union (EU) foreign policy toolkit narrative, which in turn structures what can be said meaningfully and legitimately about interregionalism. Drawing on the experience of the Arab\u2013South American (ASPA) Summit, it shows that, when speaking on interregionalism in International Relations (IR), one need not be speaking about the EU interregional model, which is understood as a vertical relationship established between the EU and an objectified regional partner of its choice. Rather, a broader definition for interregionalism is proposed, one that builds up from the basic \u2018region-to-region\u2019 dialogue\u2013arrangement\u2013cooperation and interrogates the meaning it has for those who engage in this practice. This was made possible by the construction of a framework for the analysis of the practices that lead to the materialisation of the ASPA interregional discourse and that reveal how this form of interregionalism in the Global Sou..." }, { "paper": "2775815815", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2017", "title": "indovation innovation and a global knowledge economy in india by thomas birtchnell london palgrave macmillan uk 2013 216 pp isbn 9781137027405 cloth also available in paper and as e book", "label": [ "162696548" ], "author": [ "2773257819" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Indovation: Innovation and a Global Knowledge Economy in India. By Thomas Birtchnell. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. 216 pp. ISBN: 9781137027405 (cloth, also available in paper and as e-book).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2749915920", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2017", "title": "intermediation and representation in latin america actors and roles beyond elections edited by gisela zaremberg valeria guarneros meza and adrian gurza lavalle", "label": [ "2776359362", "199539241", "158886217", "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "61180751" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Intermediation and representation in Latin America: actors and roles beyond elections edited by Gisela Zaremberg, Valeria Guarneros-Meza and Adrian Gurza Lavalle", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2554780161", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2017", "title": "when governance networks become the agenda", "label": [ "147859227", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2312039048", "2642826104" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "book review of klijn koppenjan 2016 governance networks in the public sector london routledge isbn 9780415707015", "title_raw": "When governance networks become the agenda", "abstract_raw": "Book review of: Klijn & Koppenjan (2016). Governance networks in the public sector. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415707015." }, { "paper": "2739660896", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2017", "title": "the effect of conspiratorial thinking and motivated reasoning on belief in election fraud", "label": [ "2776325391", "2780111994", "2780798870", "2775987171" ], "author": [ "2514601748", "2587145556", "2893995120", "2739657871", "1503858531" ], "reference": [ "85173356", "121992860", "323668792", "574827249", "587593567", "617653493", "935127573", "1428768901", "1479775167", "1505155904", "1675800536", "1821499963", "1928247613", "1945722456", "1971962719", "1985035038", "1988732811", "1994332130", "2009369609", "2016520072", "2016654618", "2026162196", "2028211630", "2029048397", "2051065198", "2051457522", "2063784990", "2069818007", "2094291381", "2098191910", "2100098273", "2109912869", "2112622934", "2117420311", "2122220791", "2127868907", "2132541712", "2132553681", "2133598673", "2141748662", "2148417036", "2157979842", "2160755447", "2160967564", "2169022474", "2180627577", "2253607734", "2257811459", "2263979753", "2337038040", "2337241778", "2492091299", "2521683635", "2567935898", "2604746261", "2897396654", "2909119508", "3122496764", "3124861093", "3125911421", "3125956570" ], "abstract": "belief in electoral fraud has received heightened attention due to elite rhetoric and controversial voter identification id laws using a two wave national survey administered before and after the 2012 election we examine the individual level correlates of belief in a range of election related conspiracy theories our data show that partisanship affects the timing and content of belief in election related conspiracy theories but a general disposition toward conspiratorial thinking strongly influences those beliefs support for voter id laws in contrast appears to be driven largely by party identification through elite mass linkages our analysis suggests that belief in election fraud is a common and predictable consequence of both underlying conspiratorial thinking and motivated partisan reasoning", "title_raw": "The Effect of Conspiratorial Thinking and Motivated Reasoning on Belief in Election Fraud", "abstract_raw": "Belief in electoral fraud has received heightened attention due to elite rhetoric and controversial voter identification (ID) laws. Using a two-wave national survey administered before and after the 2012 election, we examine the individual-level correlates of belief in a range of election-related conspiracy theories. Our data show that partisanship affects the timing and content of belief in election-related conspiracy theories, but a general disposition toward conspiratorial thinking strongly influences those beliefs. Support for voter ID laws, in contrast, appears to be driven largely by party identification through elite-mass linkages. Our analysis suggests that belief in election fraud is a common and predictable consequence of both underlying conspiratorial thinking and motivated partisan reasoning." }, { "paper": "2747069830", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2017", "title": "solution oriented global environmental assessments opportunities and challenges", "label": [ "164749845", "552854447" ], "author": [ "1850453721", "2107961870" ], "reference": [ "610193201", "1604367492", "1840974770", "1964996957", "1972320637", "2003112502", "2062818932", "2119517311", "2137907438", "2174483346", "2259875103", "2508261773", "2563154957", "2592174762", "2592657309", "2604369270", "2604588432", "2607127702", "2608750352", "2610749593", "2611813243", "2615196625", "2617606530", "2622634922", "2801582514", "2924055038" ], "abstract": "abstract this article provides an introduction to the special issue dedicated to solution oriented global environmental assessments opportunities and challenges in the follow up to the paris climate agreement and the adoption and early implementation of the global sustainable development goals involving many synergies and trade offs the need to shift the focus from environmental problem analysis towards the exploration of specific solution options can be observed in international environmental governance debates to remain policy relevant credible and legitimate global environmental assessments geas must carefully adapt to a rapidly evolving governance landscape this special issue sheds light on the potential utility and implications of increased solution orientation of geas it builds on the research project the future of global environmental assessment making that was jointly initiated in 2013 by un environment and the mercator research institute on global commons and climate change the article collection includes research on the coevolution of geas and the increasingly solution oriented governance context conditions of success for contemporary geas the treatment of divergent viewpoints stakes and stakeholders in solution oriented geas knowledge aggregation and the enhanced measurement of gea effectiveness in the emerging governance landscape", "title_raw": "Solution-oriented global environmental assessments: Opportunities and challenges", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This article provides an introduction to the Special Issue dedicated to \u201cSolution-oriented Global Environmental Assessments: Opportunities and Challenges\u201d. In the follow-up to the Paris climate agreement and the adoption and early implementation of the global Sustainable Development Goals involving many synergies and trade-offs, the need to shift the focus from environmental problem analysis towards the exploration of specific solution options can be observed in international environmental governance debates. To remain policy-relevant, credible and legitimate, global environmental assessments (GEAs) must carefully adapt to a rapidly evolving governance landscape. This Special Issue sheds light on the potential utility and implications of increased solution-orientation of GEAs. It builds on the research project \u201cThe Future of Global Environmental Assessment Making\u201d that was jointly initiated in 2013 by UN Environment and the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change. The article collection includes research on the coevolution of GEAs and the increasingly solution-oriented governance context; conditions of success for contemporary GEAs; the treatment of divergent viewpoints, stakes and stakeholders in solution-oriented GEAs; knowledge aggregation; and the enhanced measurement of GEA effectiveness in the emerging governance landscape." }, { "paper": "2779364895", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2017", "title": "nonrepresentative representatives an experimental study of the decision making of elected politicians", "label": [ "2776493517" ], "author": [ "2292157587", "2156725915", "1995175055", "2023496944", "17935254" ], "reference": [ "2135650", "245599235", "575465400", "576365642", "588440482", "610590659", "612286965", "639618166", "645494952", "1485857625", "1500424666", "1502532850", "1529074010", "1534757324", "1538545935", "1543247094", "1544882824", "1547872522", "1561018600", "1571072200", "1579434059", "1602185370", "1681508288", "1782679626", "1816112337", "1964361362", "1966153007", "1967369927", "1967895761", "1970864855", "1986721142", "1988258747", "1990969594", "1992730325", "1992810930", "1993132818", "1994917709", "1997063670", "1998384220", "1998740918", "1999486530", "1999813808", "2002217181", "2002248799", "2004717177", "2006397401", "2015932347", "2016991351", "2018924224", "2020604396", "2021922630", "2024140722", "2030117532", "2030198620", "2030360026", "2031655843", "2032308753", "2033696907", "2041946752", "2043230128", "2044948141", "2047156377", "2049580042", "2054359618", "2056451351", "2057618787", "2058026675", "2058704185", "2062962096", "2063890925", "2068912488", "2080554424", "2082824601", "2090812942", "2091691208", "2092761838", "2096452841", "2096604669", "2101207008", "2101665998", "2101903660", "2103453949", "2104224022", "2105705711", "2108266311", "2109312871", "2110337601", "2110464107", "2110638880", "2114577549", "2116800951", "2117067424", "2117381122", "2118992575", "2120938061", "2125375252", "2130351304", "2134972645", "2139680069", "2142647898", "2144677027", "2144867725", "2145107370", "2145536413", "2146039781", "2146991276", "2147111138", "2148778355", "2149403824", "2149618074", "2151486923", "2151500900", "2151577809", "2151796435", "2152526885", "2153031274", "2153744606", "2154187722", "2156622618", "2156774085", "2157979842", "2165893637", "2166481425", "2167112069", "2169474800", "2169606246", "2170291011", "2173686413", "2207217725", "2211015945", "2242842357", "2282346451", "2316473956", "2318414280", "2329849890", "2334309722", "2580397922", "2604490961", "2752099845", "2906721675", "2994815461", "3121217189", "3121340552", "3121688937", "3121708523", "3122277572", "3122530694", "3122831411", "3122846450", "3122954412", "3122956522", "3123296587", "3125037047", "3125459639" ], "abstract": "a considerable body of work in political science is built upon the assumption that politicians are more purposive strategic decision makers than the citizens who elect them at the same time other work suggests that the personality profiles of office seekers and the environment they operate in systematically amplifies certain choice anomalies these contrasting perspectives persist absent direct evidence on the reasoning characteristics of representatives we address this gap by administering experimental decision tasks to incumbents in belgium canada and israel we demonstrate that politicians are as or more subject to common choice anomalies when compared to nonpoliticians they exhibit a stronger tendency to escalate commitment when facing sunk costs they adhere more to policy choices that are presented as the status quo their risk calculus is strongly subject to framing effects and they exhibit distinct future time discounting preferences this has obvious implications for our understanding of decision making by elected politicians", "title_raw": "Nonrepresentative Representatives: An Experimental Study of the Decision Making of Elected Politicians", "abstract_raw": "A considerable body of work in political science is built upon the assumption that politicians are more purposive, strategic decision makers than the citizens who elect them. At the same time, other work suggests that the personality profiles of office seekers and the environment they operate in systematically amplifies certain choice anomalies. These contrasting perspectives persist absent direct evidence on the reasoning characteristics of representatives. We address this gap by administering experimental decision tasks to incumbents in Belgium, Canada, and Israel. We demonstrate that politicians are as or more subject to common choice anomalies when compared to nonpoliticians: they exhibit a stronger tendency to escalate commitment when facing sunk costs, they adhere more to policy choices that are presented as the status-quo, their risk calculus is strongly subject to framing effects, and they exhibit distinct future time discounting preferences. This has obvious implications for our understanding of decision making by elected politicians." }, { "paper": "2578751425", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2017", "title": "dynamics of senate retirements", "label": [ "2776051254", "3116431", "2778061430", "44725695" ], "author": [ "2573247837", "683078300" ], "reference": [ "1988795393", "2019594839", "2055694911", "2078140525", "2115789819", "2119501018", "2119579038", "2317605363", "2322202862", "2327171126", "2329963837", "2335742694", "3125825213" ], "abstract": "although there is a large literature on the career decisions of house members there is a dearth of critical scholarship examining retirement decisions in the senate this study aims to address this under explored topic and identify the key factors in senate retirement decisions with a less demanding election schedule greater power afforded to individual senators more prestige attached to the office and fewer attractive options for progressive ambition we find that senate retirement decisions differ substantially from patterns observed in the house among other things the partisan retirement differential that is so obvious and persistent in the house with republican mcs retiring at higher rates than democrats is markedly absent in the senate we explore this and other inter chamber differences discussing both their empirical and normative ramifications and noting their importance for our understanding not only of the two chambers but also of the two parties", "title_raw": "Dynamics of Senate Retirements", "abstract_raw": "Although there is a large literature on the career decisions of House members, there is a dearth of critical scholarship examining retirement decisions in the Senate. This study aims to address this under-explored topic and identify the key factors in Senate retirement decisions. With a less demanding election schedule, greater power afforded to individual senators, more prestige attached to the office, and fewer attractive options for progressive ambition, we find that Senate retirement decisions differ substantially from patterns observed in the House. Among other things, the partisan retirement differential that is so obvious and persistent in the House (with Republican MCs retiring at higher rates than Democrats) is markedly absent in the Senate. We explore this and other inter-chamber differences, discussing both their empirical and normative ramifications, and noting their importance for our understanding not only of the two chambers but also of the two parties." }, { "paper": "2754552001", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2017", "title": "the political origins of inequality why a more equal world is better for us all by simon reid henry chicago il university of chicago press 2015 208 pp 25 00", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2050925627" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Political Origins of Inequality: Why a More Equal World Is Better for Us All by Simon Reid\u2010Henry. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 2015. 208 pp. $25.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2734634538", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2017", "title": "we are all asian here multiculturalism selective schooling and responses to asian success", "label": [ "199776023", "2777301881", "2780126709", "542530943", "206440729", "2778136243" ], "author": [ "2109823012" ], "reference": [ "206399646", "365987973", "411066683", "1531696527", "1601337787", "1966483379", "2004572915", "2071876974", "2085842927", "2086964009", "2088732710", "2095068105", "2113699579", "2123480192", "2124167080", "2190106729", "2213735822", "2287631160", "2339540347", "2346782092", "2607827098", "2735251343", "2894456339" ], "abstract": "abstractdespite what seems like the embrace of all things asian such as the inclusion of a cross curricular focus on asia in australia s national curriculum and the call for australians to become asia literate mceetya 2008 many australians harbour a deep suspicion of asia this is especially evident in the concern over the phenomenal performance of many students of asian backgrounds in australian schools with recent research around multiculturalism as a backdrop this article examines how students parents and teachers in one australian selective high school negotiate the phenomenon of asian success such schools are very often the object of media attention with the increasing number of asian students seen to be displacing those of anglo australian background and academic enquiry generally focusing on their role within neoliberal agendas of school choice little research exists however on relations within these schools how students of asian backgrounds respond to criticisms of asian success a", "title_raw": "\u2018We are all Asian here\u2019: multiculturalism, selective schooling and responses to Asian success", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACTDespite what seems like the embrace of all things \u2018Asian\u2019 such as the inclusion of a cross-curricular focus on Asia in Australia\u2019s National Curriculum and the call for Australians to become \u2018Asia literate\u2019 (MCEETYA 2008), many Australians harbour a deep suspicion of Asia. This is especially evident in the concern over the phenomenal performance of many students of Asian backgrounds in Australian schools. With recent research around multiculturalism as a backdrop, this article examines how students, parents and teachers in one Australian selective high school negotiate the phenomenon of \u2018Asian success\u2019. Such schools are very often the object of media attention with the increasing number of Asian students seen to be displacing those of Anglo-Australian background and academic enquiry generally focusing on their role within neoliberal agendas of school choice. Little research exists, however, on relations within these schools; how students of Asian backgrounds respond to criticisms of Asian success a..." }, { "paper": "2610918056", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2017", "title": "understanding the process of community capacity building a case study of two programs in yunnan province china", "label": [ "2779622097", "71343576", "513891491", "39549134", "148834064", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2654575557", "2610949731", "2101756612" ], "reference": [ "176279103", "198661721", "1518545931", "1527311855", "1535803599", "1536842002", "1572553204", "1598660021", "1601897243", "1834704368", "1965497483", "1966900974", "1979290264", "1981697274", "1992298571", "1994166842", "2013677789", "2029646660", "2033420643", "2051302285", "2055282482", "2071367129", "2076174023", "2078064495", "2083976345", "2091850007", "2100515823", "2107755939", "2113719278", "2115861779", "2122791299", "2131919497", "2138109749", "2142476622", "2144835700", "2148441470", "2152315269", "2318022889", "2419177851", "2500776667", "2886258536", "2953680225", "3117753458" ], "abstract": "summary in recent decades development discourse has increasingly acknowledged the importance of participation and ownership of development programs at the local level as the discourse has advanced terms such as community driven development and community capacity building ccb have become widely used and attracted significant funding yet despite the prominent place ccb has come to occupy in development discourse and practice relatively little attention has been given to the process of capacity building at the level of the community particularly as it is understood by key protagonists the authors present a descriptive case study of two ccb programs in yunnan china examining how capacity is understood by the key protagonists at the level of individuals institutions and communities and which capacities are identified as built at each level the authors show that while there are expected differences in the perceptions of the ccb process and outcomes at different levels there are also clear overlaps and that capacities develop simultaneously at different levels in an interactive and mutually reinforcing manner the results suggest that the interconnection across levels may be very important to study further this study helps fill a gap in the ccb literature and contributes insights that could improve the effectiveness of community development projects in addition it provides insight into the specific case of ccb in china where literature has tended to focus on institutional capacity and relationships between civil society organizations and the government rather than process and outcomes at the community level", "title_raw": "Understanding the Process of Community Capacity-Building: A Case Study of Two Programs in Yunnan Province, China", "abstract_raw": "Summary In recent decades, development discourse has increasingly acknowledged the importance of participation and ownership of development programs at the local level. As the discourse has advanced, terms such as community-driven development and community capacity-building (CCB) have become widely used and attracted significant funding. Yet, despite the prominent place CCB has come to occupy in development discourse and practice, relatively little attention has been given to the process of capacity-building at the level of the community, particularly as it is understood by key protagonists. The authors present a descriptive case-study of two CCB programs in Yunnan, China, examining how capacity is understood by the key protagonists at the level of individuals, institutions, and communities, and which capacities are identified as built at each level. The authors show that while there are expected differences in the perceptions of the CCB process and outcomes at different levels, there are also clear overlaps, and that capacities develop simultaneously at different levels, in an interactive and mutually reinforcing manner. The results suggest that the interconnection across levels may be very important to study further. This study helps fill a gap in the CCB literature and contributes insights that could improve the effectiveness of community development projects. In addition, it provides insight into the specific case of CCB in China, where literature has tended to focus on institutional capacity and relationships between civil society organizations and the government rather than process and outcomes at the community level." }, { "paper": "2586395123", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2017", "title": "critical parties how parties evaluate the performance of democracies", "label": [ "2777617010", "555826173", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2276811328", "2151557902" ], "reference": [ "6348975", "121208353", "400774807", "414482142", "562263512", "589219141", "591499062", "603423208", "619117569", "1492037375", "1498339752", "1506626744", "1550602253", "1560272002", "1570712939", "1603217190", "1952552476", "1963322171", "1967654433", "1973196462", "1973394375", "1977825494", "1981357072", "1987133677", "1988039389", "1997410890", "1999625018", "2000570469", "2033696907", "2038248671", "2047359831", "2062687676", "2065496542", "2077809598", "2079411133", "2083179865", "2092111629", "2101665998", "2106796630", "2110651376", "2112167127", "2115018879", "2115486173", "2115634666", "2115992286", "2116877392", "2124419055", "2128296295", "2133204953", "2135409175", "2139345931", "2151949046", "2154538645", "2158391842", "2318798520", "2478093654", "2495983053", "2504740616", "2999762063", "3123930369", "3124985041" ], "abstract": "while the critical citizens literature shows that publics often evaluate democracies negatively much less is known about critical parties especially mainstream ones this article develops a model to explain empirical variation in parties evaluations of democratic institutions based on two mechanisms first that parties regime access affects their regime support which secondly is moderated by over time habituation to democracy using expert surveys of all electorally significant parties in twenty four european countries in 2008 and 2013 the results show that parties evaluate institutions positively when they have regular access to a regime regardless of their ideology and the regime s duration moreover regime duration affects stances indirectly by providing democracies with a buffer against an incumbent s electoral defeat in the most recent election the findings point to heightened possibilities for parties to negatively evaluate democracies given the increased volatility in party systems in europe", "title_raw": "Critical Parties: How Parties Evaluate the Performance of Democracies", "abstract_raw": "While the \u2018critical citizens\u2019 literature shows that publics often evaluate democracies negatively, much less is known about \u2018critical parties\u2019, especially mainstream ones. This article develops a model to explain empirical variation in parties\u2019 evaluations of democratic institutions, based on two mechanisms: first, that parties\u2019 regime access affects their regime support, which, secondly, is moderated by over-time habituation to democracy. Using expert surveys of all electorally significant parties in twenty-four European countries in 2008 and 2013, the results show that parties evaluate institutions positively when they have regular access to a regime, regardless of their ideology and the regime\u2019s duration. Moreover, regime duration affects stances indirectly by providing democracies with a buffer against an incumbent\u2019s electoral defeat in the most recent election. The findings point to heightened possibilities for parties to negatively evaluate democracies given the increased volatility in party systems in Europe." }, { "paper": "2474353404", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2017", "title": "sex and work on the move money boys in post socialist china", "label": [ "191935318", "2776001192", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2252961385" ], "reference": [ "580916216", "591648926", "593878479", "1492412327", "1500888951", "1533280481", "1535042508", "1537295780", "1789051580", "1964371640", "1971670359", "1972208847", "1972922514", "1974108761", "1979597490", "1986809605", "1990624983", "1992161935", "2029213182", "2036131355", "2070663729", "2082703704", "2110304264", "2120137389", "2153964468", "2156861904", "2158735057", "2190482628", "2338551620", "2492874666", "3142193005", "3146299684" ], "abstract": "china s reconfiguration of the state and the market in its reform era has created new spaces and opportunities that have attracted millions of rural migrants to urban centres in search of freedom", "title_raw": "Sex and work on the move: Money boys in post-socialist China:", "abstract_raw": "China\u2019s reconfiguration of the state and the market in its reform era has created new spaces and opportunities that have attracted millions of rural migrants to urban centres in search of freedom, ..." }, { "paper": "2580008863", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2017", "title": "the jacksonian revolt", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2583657445" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Jacksonian Revolt", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2725984983", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2017", "title": "india s democracy at 70 the disputed role of the courts", "label": [ "46415393", "199539241", "2776154427", "79638320", "2778272461", "87501996", "555826173", "81819989", "48764862" ], "author": [ "2132948287" ], "reference": [ "354142358", "606185022", "643293893", "2139100182", "2763447287", "3174858369", "3186842352" ], "abstract": "india s supreme court has played the role of a countermajoritarian check but has also flirted with populism this essay examines three aspects of india s higher judiciary the struggle between the judiciary and the other branches over custody of the constitution the question of judicial independence and who has the right to appoint judges in india uniquely the higher courts claim a right to have the final say on filling their own vacancies and the charges against the supreme court of judicial activism which are tied to the institution of public interest litigation and regular judicial forays into the executive and legislative domains", "title_raw": "India's Democracy at 70: The Disputed Role of the Courts", "abstract_raw": "India\u2019s Supreme Court has played the role of a countermajoritarian check but has also flirted with populism. This essay examines three aspects of India\u2019s higher judiciary: the struggle between the judiciary and the other branches over \u201ccustody\u201d of the Constitution; the question of judicial independence and who has the right to appoint judges (in India, uniquely, the higher courts claim a right to have the final say on filling their own vacancies); and the charges against the Supreme Court of judicial activism, which are tied to the institution of Public-Interest Litigation and regular judicial forays into the executive and legislative domains." }, { "paper": "2769082720", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2017", "title": "the people s choice popular il legitimacy in autocratic cameroon", "label": [ "94625758", "148834064", "46295352", "134698397", "2776398702", "555826173", "92723977", "144661447" ], "author": [ "2946025290" ], "reference": [ "421391543", "601878088", "627649530", "629504624", "647799462", "1531969211", "1533204478", "1563140183", "1571595637", "1977360926", "2007042437", "2013958789", "2029719047", "2032489583", "2038110166", "2040539890", "2044810429", "2047546710", "2049656780", "2060358790", "2080360912", "2098995604", "2108218468", "2143304376", "2184779475", "2328708020", "3121426770", "3121751949", "3124471642", "3125932653" ], "abstract": "while many analysts assume that the autocratic regime of paul biya is deeply unpopular amongst ordinary cameroonians there is almost no existing analysis of public opinion in cameroon in fact cameroonians are deeply divided in their beliefs about politics while many view the government as democratic and legitimate others see the regime as entirely autocratic what explains these fundamental divides in beliefs while existing theories point to demographic factors as the most important predictors of political opinions this article argues that in autocratic regimes political geography is even more important to understanding these divides political parties in autocratic regimes develop opposite narratives about the legitimacy of the state and regardless of education partisanship age or ethnicity citizens living in party strongholds are far more likely to adopt these narratives than citizens outside of strongholds understanding these divides is critical to explaining regime legitimisation in cameroon and african autocracies more broadly", "title_raw": "\u2018The people's choice\u2019: popular (il)legitimacy in autocratic Cameroon *", "abstract_raw": "While many analysts assume that the autocratic regime of Paul Biya is deeply unpopular amongst ordinary Cameroonians, there is almost no existing analysis of public opinion in Cameroon. In fact, Cameroonians are deeply divided in their beliefs about politics; while many view the government as democratic and legitimate, others see the regime as entirely autocratic. What explains these fundamental divides in beliefs? While existing theories point to demographic factors as the most important predictors of political opinions, this article argues that in autocratic regimes, political geography is even more important to understanding these divides. Political parties in autocratic regimes develop opposite narratives about the legitimacy of the state, and regardless of education, partisanship, age, or ethnicity, citizens living in party strongholds are far more likely to adopt these narratives than citizens outside of strongholds. Understanding these divides is critical to explaining regime legitimisation in Cameroon, and African autocracies more broadly." }, { "paper": "2622681326", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2017", "title": "a public health of consequence review of the july 2017 issue of ajph", "label": [ "2250968", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2105375545", "2261913161" ], "reference": [ "1996627792", "2576839935", "2614117061", "2614540605", "2614863308", "2616463990" ], "abstract": "an introduction is presented in which the authors discuss various reports within the issue on topics including the concept of a public health of consequence in the u s health disparities and firearms laws in various american states", "title_raw": "A Public Health of Consequence: Review of the July 2017 Issue of AJPH.", "abstract_raw": "An introduction is presented in which the authors discuss various reports within the issue on topics including the concept of a public health of consequence in the U.S., health disparities, and firearms laws in various American states." }, { "paper": "2616889659", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2017", "title": "trump budget would slash science programmes across government", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2144011504", "1981307953", "273399073", "2574001026" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Trump budget would slash science programmes across government.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2791212360", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2017", "title": "canada the non trudeauist foreign policy of justin trudeau", "label": [ "93377909" ], "author": [ "2562826707" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Canada: The Non-Trudeauist Foreign Policy of Justin Trudeau", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2735574038", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2017", "title": "ethnic politics and state power in africa the logic of the coup civil war trap by philip roessler", "label": [ "81631423", "2776051254", "137403100", "94625758", "2776398702", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2237236943" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "what causes african civil wars philip roessler s new book takes a new look at a longstanding puzzle according to roessler africa s ethnic leaders big men face a dilemma weak statehood requi", "title_raw": "Ethnic politics and state power in Africa. The logic of the coup-civil war trap, by Philip Roessler", "abstract_raw": "What causes African civil wars? Philip Roessler\u2019s new book takes a new look at a longstanding puzzle. According to Roessler, Africa\u2019s ethnic leaders (\u201cbig men\u201d) face a dilemma: Weak statehood requi..." }, { "paper": "2603083793", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2017", "title": "outsourcing war the just war tradition in the age of military privatization", "label": [ "120302604", "541409800", "203715995", "503427281", "46934059", "451841", "519688237", "167388122" ], "author": [ "2696570481" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Outsourcing war: the just war tradition in the age of military privatization", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2754038544", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2017", "title": "continental drift britain and europe from the end of empire to the rise of euroscepticism by benjamin grob fitzgibbon new york cambridge university press 2016 601 pp 39 99", "label": [ "2778495208" ], "author": [ "2230690421" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Continental Drift: Britain and Europe from the End of Empire to the Rise of Euroscepticism by Benjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2016. 601 pp. $39.99.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2574477737", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2017", "title": "health policies for migrant children in europe and australia", "label": [ "137992405", "147268084", "185618831", "47344431", "193395930", "46578552", "113807197" ], "author": [ "2200986714", "2574843958", "2006474914", "3157984916", "1991309017" ], "reference": [ "2042386526", "2496130406" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Health policies for migrant children in Europe and Australia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2591793036", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2017", "title": "outstanding research article award and reader participation in journalism mass communication quarterly", "label": [ "119513131" ], "author": [ "2128758415" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Outstanding Research Article Award and Reader Participation in Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2622662596", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2017", "title": "trump and the populist authoritarian parties the silent revolution in reverse", "label": [ "173145845", "2780641677", "68346564", "555826173", "107344746" ], "author": [ "2291852063", "2107797968" ], "reference": [ "978434593", "2102737969", "2115278175", "2120440585", "2129283428", "2130095172", "2134698480", "2136131592", "2151024509", "2154914877", "2166149323", "2200236802", "2222843863", "2250413045", "2259915401", "2483961605", "2499756689", "2586587661", "2591373184", "2752384816", "2774500933", "2889379080", "2889942332", "2922617421", "2981417071" ], "abstract": "growing up taking survival for granted makes people more open to new ideas and more tolerant of outgroups insecurity has the opposite effect stimulating an authoritarian reflex in which people close ranks behind strong leaders with strong in group solidarity rejection of outsiders and rigid conformity to group norms the 35 years of exceptional security experienced by developed democracies after wwii brought pervasive cultural changes including the rise of green parties and the spread of democracy during the past 35 years economic growth continued but virtually all of the gains went to those at the top the less educated experienced declining existential security fueling support for populist authoritarian phenomena such as brexit france s national front and trump s takeover of the republican party this raises two questions 1 what motivates people to support populist authoritarian movements and 2 why is the populist authoritarian vote so much higher now than it was several decades ago in high income countries the two questions have different answers support for populist authoritarian parties is motivated by a backlash against cultural change from the start younger postmaterialist birth cohorts supported environmentalist parties while older less secure cohorts supported authoritarian xenophobic parties in an enduring intergenerational value clash but for the past three decades strong period effects have been working to increase support for xenophobic parties economic gains have gone almost entirely to those at the top while a large share of the population experienced declining real income and job security along with a large influx of immigrants and refugees cultural backlash explains why given individuals support populist authoritarian movements declining existential security explains why support for these movements is greater now than it was thirty years ago", "title_raw": "Trump and the Populist Authoritarian Parties: The Silent Revolution in Reverse", "abstract_raw": "Growing up taking survival for granted makes people more open to new ideas and more tolerant of outgroups. Insecurity has the opposite effect, stimulating an Authoritarian Reflex in which people close ranks behind strong leaders, with strong in-group solidarity, rejection of outsiders, and rigid conformity to group norms. The 35 years of exceptional security experienced by developed democracies after WWII brought pervasive cultural changes, including the rise of Green parties and the spread of democracy. During the past 35 years, economic growth continued, but virtually all of the gains went to those at the top; the less-educated experienced declining existential security, fueling support for Populist Authoritarian phenomena such as Brexit, France\u2019s National Front and Trump\u2019s takeover of the Republican party. This raises two questions: (1) \u201cWhat motivates people to support Populist Authoritarian movements?\u201d And (2) \u201cWhy is the populist authoritarian vote so much higher now than it was several decades ago in high-income countries?\u201d The two questions have different answers. Support for populist authoritarian parties is motivated by a backlash against cultural change. From the start, younger Postmaterialist birth cohorts supported environmentalist parties, while older, less secure cohorts supported authoritarian xenophobic parties, in an enduring intergenerational value clash. But for the past three decades, strong period effects have been working to increase support for xenophobic parties: economic gains have gone almost entirely to those at the top, while a large share of the population experienced declining real income and job security, along with a large influx of immigrants and refugees. Cultural backlash explains why given individuals support Populist Authoritarian movements. Declining existential security explains why support for these movements is greater now than it was thirty years ago." }, { "paper": "2511776547", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2017", "title": "the rise of specialized governance in american federalism testing links between local government autonomy and formation of special district governments", "label": [ "121964417", "533735693", "2781046721", "2778719706", "62908951", "178283979", "148834064", "193991484" ], "author": [ "2982847781" ], "reference": [ "53103465", "249677636", "437151045", "573401194", "614610167", "1592268634", "1892437193", "1966539656", "1970317870", "1972649023", "1977123094", "2016295626", "2021089810", "2044927655", "2081714882", "2088811297", "2122142655", "2151796435", "2156430837", "2319961710", "2319987008", "2324133115", "2326576196", "2327162099", "2334675978", "3123933267", "3124320575", "3125370622", "3125732352" ], "abstract": "in this article i investigate whether the growth of special districts in the fifty states from 1972 to 2002 can be explained by choices made by local general purpose governments in response to different degrees of government autonomy in the fiscal institutional and political system focusing on three dimensions of government autonomy local government capacity local government discretion and local government importance i find that the growth of certain types of special districts is in part a response to state laws constraining government autonomy of general purpose governments the findings also suggest that reliance on special districts by local general purpose governments would decrease if they had stronger own source revenue raising capacities and more diversified tax revenue bases in contrast with prior studies the analysis provides limited evidence to support the notion that special districts are formed by general purpose governments to circumvent fiscal restrictions such as debt limits and tax and expenditure limitations", "title_raw": "The Rise of Specialized Governance in American Federalism: Testing Links Between Local Government Autonomy and Formation of Special District Governments", "abstract_raw": "In this article, I investigate whether the growth of special districts in the fifty states from 1972 to 2002 can be explained by choices made by local general-purpose governments in response to different degrees of government autonomy in the fiscal, institutional, and political system. Focusing on three dimensions of government autonomy\u2014local government capacity, local government discretion, and local government importance\u2014I find that the growth of certain types of special districts is in part a response to state laws constraining government autonomy of general-purpose governments. The findings also suggest that reliance on special districts by local general-purpose governments would decrease if they had stronger own-source revenue-raising capacities and more diversified tax revenue bases. In contrast with prior studies, the analysis provides limited evidence to support the notion that special districts are formed by general-purpose governments to circumvent fiscal restrictions, such as debt limits and tax and expenditure limitations." }, { "paper": "2766829880", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2017", "title": "the peacebuilding puzzle political order in post conflict states edited by naazneen h barma", "label": [ "94625758", "2779354276", "2781395907", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2765340492" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "naazneen barma s the peacebuilding puzzle establishes a rich and provocative argument extensively inspired by barnett and cramer who back in 2005 already questioned the non neutrality of humanitar", "title_raw": "The peacebuilding puzzle: political order in post-conflict states, edited by Naazneen H. Barma", "abstract_raw": "Naazneen Barma\u2019s The Peacebuilding Puzzle establishes a rich and provocative argument extensively inspired by Barnett and Cramer, who back in 2005 already questioned the non-neutrality of humanitar..." }, { "paper": "2766303891", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2017", "title": "a get out the vote experiment on the world s largest participatory budgeting vote in brazil", "label": [ "3116431", "2777094542", "2777305734", "2779838221", "148834064", "520049643", "2776452267", "2779374921" ], "author": [ "2945910889", "2735118931", "2599518401" ], "reference": [ "460469414", "629565703", "1515568215", "1815483774", "1848929183", "1974622277", "1974939442", "2067554178", "2069550422", "2105224904", "2106605967", "2110065044", "2117318745", "2132145985", "2138923706", "2142641448", "2154339147", "2165938089", "2167136043", "2223182021", "2319554745", "2328850994", "3122482098", "3123067304", "3123693160", "3124818719" ], "abstract": "does non partisan voter mobilization affect the popular vote we use vote records from a state level participatory budgeting vote in brazil the world s largest to assess the impact of voter mobilization messaging on turnout and support for public investments the government provided records as to how each ballot was cast and designed the tabulation process so that votes could be matched to treatment assignment without compromising the secrecy of the ballot citizens n 43 384 were randomly assigned to receive non partisan email and text messages designed to encourage voting we document an impressive 4 7 percentage point increase in online voting in our treatment group however we found no effect of messaging on vote choice voters in the treatment and control groups shared the same sectoral preferences and showed no difference in the average cost of public investment projects they supported these results suggest non partisan get out the vote campaigns can increase citizen participation without skewing the outcome", "title_raw": "A Get-Out-the-Vote Experiment on the World\u2019s Largest Participatory Budgeting Vote in Brazil", "abstract_raw": "Does non-partisan voter mobilization affect the popular vote? We use vote records from a state-level participatory budgeting vote in Brazil\u2013 the world\u2019s largest \u2013to assess the impact of voter mobilization messaging on turnout and support for public investments. The government provided records as to how each ballot was cast and designed the tabulation process so that votes could be matched to treatment assignment without compromising the secrecy of the ballot. Citizens (n=43,384) were randomly assigned to receive non-partisan email and text messages designed to encourage voting. We document an impressive 4.7 percentage point increase in online voting in our treatment group. However, we found no effect of messaging on vote choice; voters in the treatment and control groups shared the same sectoral preferences and showed no difference in the average cost of public investment projects they supported. These results suggest non-partisan Get Out the Vote campaigns can increase citizen participation without skewing the outcome." }, { "paper": "2767036690", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2017", "title": "city of the future built space modernity and urban change in astana", "label": [ "2778682666", "2776398702", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2765408603" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "\u2018City of the Future\u2019. Built Space, Modernity and Urban Change in Astana", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2770697587", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2017", "title": "a discourse network analysis of minimum unit pricing for alcohol mapping the discursive communities in uk newspaper coverage of the debate", "label": [ "201280247", "94625758", "39549134", "201305675", "185874996" ], "author": [ "2154015113", "1988305432", "2557436018", "2003815246" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "abstract background previous research on alcohol policy in general and minimum unit pricing mup in particular has highlighted the importance of industry lobbying political context framing of policy arguments and use of evidence in the inception development and refinement of policies our study draws on network analysis approaches to map the discursive communities of key stakeholders represented in uk newspaper coverage of mup methods the nexis database was used to search 11 national uk newspapers spanning political views and genres to identify all articles relating to alcohol and pricing published between may 1 2011 and nov 30 2012 statements made by actors and organisations in the debate were inductively identified and coded with network analysis software to produce relational data to generate visualisations of discourse networks findings 1435 statements made by 151 individuals from 87 organisations were coded in 351 articles visualisation of the network showed two broad discursive communities one opposing and the other supporting mup as an intervention links between communities were based on agreement around general frames such as alcohol consumption is bad for public health whereas disagreement between the two communities existed around specific frames such as the drivers and extent of the alcohol problem potential solutions and consequences of mup cluster analysis of the network showed smaller groupings and highlighted potential discursive coalitions that reflect a common focus on a particular aspect of the debate especially where there were shared vested interests interpretation our analysis provides the first visualisation to our knowledge of the mup network by the frames presented by key stakeholders the network highlights splits both within the uk government and between universities the dispersal of alcohol manufacturers retailers and trade associations across the two discursive communities and the alignment of economic think tanks with key industry actors a complex poorly understood interdependency exists between the framing of policy evidence media representations and stakeholder influence these insights could help public health advocates to develop more effective media advocacy strategies funding gf and sh are funded by the uk medical research council mc uu 12017 15 and the chief scientist office of the scottish government health directorates sphsu15", "title_raw": "A discourse network analysis of minimum unit pricing for alcohol: mapping the discursive communities in UK newspaper coverage of the debate", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Background Previous research on alcohol policy in general, and minimum unit pricing (MUP) in particular, has highlighted the importance of industry lobbying, political context, framing of policy arguments, and use of evidence, in the inception, development, and refinement of policies. Our study draws on network analysis approaches to map the discursive communities of key stakeholders represented in UK newspaper coverage of MUP. Methods The Nexis database was used to search 11 national UK newspapers, spanning political views and genres, to identify all articles relating to alcohol and pricing published between May 1, 2011, and Nov 30, 2012. Statements made by actors and organisations in the debate were inductively identified and coded with network analysis software to produce relational data to generate visualisations of discourse networks. Findings 1435 statements made by 151 individuals from 87 organisations were coded in 351 articles. Visualisation of the network showed two broad discursive communities, one opposing and the other supporting MUP as an intervention. Links between communities were based on agreement around general frames such as \"alcohol consumption is bad for public health\", whereas disagreement between the two communities existed around specific frames such as the drivers and extent of the alcohol problem, potential solutions, and consequences of MUP. Cluster analysis of the network showed smaller groupings and highlighted potential discursive coalitions that reflect a common focus on a particular aspect of the debate, especially where there were shared vested interests. Interpretation Our analysis provides the first visualisation, to our knowledge, of the MUP network by the frames presented by key stakeholders. The network highlights splits both within the UK Government and between universities, the dispersal of alcohol manufacturers, retailers, and trade associations across the two discursive communities, and the alignment of economic think-tanks with key industry actors. A complex, poorly-understood interdependency exists between the framing of policy evidence, media representations, and stakeholder influence. These insights could help public health advocates to develop more effective media advocacy strategies. Funding GF and SH are funded by the UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12017/15,) and the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorates (SPHSU15)." }, { "paper": "2584273466", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2017", "title": "shifting the refugee narrative an automated frame analysis of europe s 2015 refugee crisis", "label": [ "173145845" ], "author": [ "2585090357", "198077220" ], "reference": [ "12269321", "604826198", "1231315853", "1520648990", "1551547916", "1565377632", "1581395386", "1846909556", "1893084226", "1926731343", "1949086909", "1966321903", "1974705446", "1979687493", "1985490821", "1985861420", "1987421695", "1989110863", "1996524409", "1997687041", "2001442493", "2002120064", "2008452392", "2017878501", "2019036371", "2022467184", "2024932032", "2031614447", "2033774834", "2047899797", "2052417512", "2061630911", "2064601539", "2068613672", "2074932932", "2089363775", "2093920276", "2107284360", "2107368843", "2108603469", "2109114431", "2109914622", "2111969669", "2126608389", "2127492100", "2128129021", "2128897924", "2128912419", "2129694799", "2131681979", "2132725760", "2133518763", "2136634366", "2139002116", "2141982381", "2144211451", "2162830306", "2163098752", "2164813364", "2175522304", "2243726581", "2266899825", "2318109962", "2330666411", "2331212283", "2335859440", "2404911150", "2406465319", "2475673669", "2485766561", "2753145733", "2890652087" ], "abstract": "in 2015 europe faced the arrival of over 1 25 million refugees fleeing from war affected countries the public mainly learned about this issue through domestic media through the use of computer a", "title_raw": "Shifting the refugee narrative? An automated frame analysis of Europe\u2019s 2015 refugee crisis", "abstract_raw": "In 2015, Europe faced the arrival of over 1.25 million refugees fleeing from war-affected countries. The public mainly learned about this issue through domestic media. Through the use of computer-a..." }, { "paper": "2784241074", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2017", "title": "presidential tariff authority", "label": [ "34974158", "197487636", "2776742560", "2779017129", "2779010840", "2776060655", "528167355", "71750763" ], "author": [ "2784124181", "2784171090" ], "reference": [ "2322494692", "2795401791", "3123382575" ], "abstract": "as part of the america first agenda discussed in his inaugural address president donald j trump promised that e very decision on trade among other areas would be made to benefit american workers and american families during its first months the trump administration made a number of trade moves apparently in connection with this america first trade agenda including initiating national security investigations into steel and aluminum imports under section 232 of the trade expansion act of 1962 and preparing an omnibus report on trade deficits the trump administration also took steps to alter u s treaty relationships by withdrawing from the trans pacific partnership agreement announcing the renegotiation of the north american free trade agreement and requesting a special session of a joint committee created under the united states korea free trade agreement in august 2017 president trump continued this course and indicated a willingness to take unilateral action against u s trading partners by signing a presidential memorandum directing the united states trade representative to determine whether china s treatment of u s intellectual property warranted investigation under section 301 et seq of the trade act of 1974", "title_raw": "Presidential tariff authority", "abstract_raw": "As part of the \u201cAmerica First\u201d agenda discussed in his inaugural address, President Donald J. Trump promised that \u201c[e]very decision\u201d on trade, among other areas, would be \u201cmade to benefit American workers and American families.\u201d During its first months, the Trump Administration made a number of trade moves apparently in connection with this \u201cAmerica First\u201d trade agenda, including initiating national security investigations into steel and aluminum imports under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 and preparing an \u201comnibus\u201d report on trade deficits. The Trump Administration also took steps to alter U.S. treaty relationships, by withdrawing from the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, announcing the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement, and requesting a special session of a joint committee created under the United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement. In August 2017, President Trump continued this course\u2014and indicated a willingness to take unilateral action against U.S. trading partners\u2014by signing a presidential memorandum directing the United States Trade Representative to determine whether China's treatment of U.S. intellectual property warranted investigation under Section 301 et seq. of the Trade Act of 1974." }, { "paper": "2606176783", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2017", "title": "political gender inequality and infant mortality in the united states 1990 2012", "label": [ "2778149918", "83009810", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2588720512" ], "reference": [ "148744903", "618764699", "1670294129", "1705376403", "1941053968", "1971509883", "1980145425", "1980383288", "1980786101", "1980967890", "1982855746", "1991733023", "1998452782", "2004725229", "2005525068", "2010262933", "2019202535", "2023220694", "2024277158", "2024891000", "2027455771", "2031568338", "2036002592", "2038445299", "2043606613", "2057465112", "2072978386", "2073537294", "2076896921", "2077405084", "2091819865", "2093085666", "2093232602", "2095553639", "2097223937", "2103550033", "2109235191", "2111628008", "2122614182", "2124651245", "2127588940", "2135834665", "2138696311", "2145917974", "2147753812", "2158316163", "2163987497", "2170435828", "2240461129", "2508023701", "2535068631", "3008810955", "3122750462" ], "abstract": "although gender inequality has been recognized as a crucial factor influencing population health in the developing world research has not yet thoroughly documented the role it may play in shaping u s infant mortality rates imrs this study uses administrative data with fixed effects and random effects models to 1 investigate the relationship between political gender inequality in state legislatures and state infant mortality rates in the united states from 1990 to 2012 and 2 project the population level costs associated with women s underrepresentation in 2012 results indicate that higher percentages of women in state legislatures are associated with reduced imrs both between states and within states over time according to model predictions if women were at parity with men in state legislatures the expected number of infant deaths in the u s in 2012 would have been lower by approximately 14 6 3 478 infant deaths these findings underscore the importance of women s political representation for population health", "title_raw": "Political gender inequality and infant mortality in the United States, 1990\u20132012", "abstract_raw": "Although gender inequality has been recognized as a crucial factor influencing population health in the developing world, research has not yet thoroughly documented the role it may play in shaping U.S. infant mortality rates (IMRs). This study uses administrative data with fixed-effects and random-effects models to (1) investigate the relationship between political gender inequality in state legislatures and state infant mortality rates in the United States from 1990 to 2012, and (2) project the population level costs associated with women's underrepresentation in 2012. Results indicate that higher percentages of women in state legislatures are associated with reduced IMRs, both between states and within-states over time. According to model predictions, if women were at parity with men in state legislatures, the expected number of infant deaths in the U.S. in 2012 would have been lower by approximately 14.6% (3,478 infant deaths). These findings underscore the importance of women's political representation for population health." }, { "paper": "2338783685", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2017", "title": "international terrorism and the political survival of leaders", "label": [ "39549134", "94625758", "2776051254", "203133693", "93377909", "203715995", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2938908433", "661681137" ], "reference": [ "203391070", "414482142", "1488792876", "1511395520", "1535643370", "1956940534", "1979790455", "1981395483", "1983119133", "1983840092", "1988922041", "1991128340", "1993733289", "2005073751", "2006919816", "2014528951", "2023404062", "2031213465", "2041660231", "2045149844", "2047088244", "2056280236", "2056641498", "2057012170", "2060886834", "2073493950", "2075102344", "2077085353", "2083620364", "2083727904", "2086902906", "2087037503", "2089431007", "2099256249", "2105479648", "2106460767", "2109944962", "2112142960", "2117067411", "2118728359", "2119585596", "2120245935", "2121011882", "2125729585", "2126006962", "2127409878", "2127866940", "2131164246", "2134120521", "2138481194", "2139464841", "2143835046", "2150392156", "2159169932", "2160446276", "2167428992", "2169253034", "2171424562", "2171637787", "2171656257", "2323472365", "2324353375", "2492876976", "2800935304", "2978595579", "3124021775", "3124886457", "3125241923", "3125378571", "3188979279" ], "abstract": "this study examines whether transnational terrorist attacks impact the political survival of leaders we argue that external security threats such as those from transnational terrorist incidents can undermine incumbent target governments by exposing foreign policy failures and damaging society s general well being yet terrorism may not destabilize democratic governments as a result of citizens rallying around their elected leaders in threatening times focusing on archigos survival leadership data and international terrorism attributes of terrorist events terrorism data for the 1968 2004 period we find that autocrats who experience higher instances of transnational terrorist attacks are more likely to exit power democrats however are relatively secure to the destabilizing influence of transnational terrorism", "title_raw": "International Terrorism and the Political Survival of Leaders", "abstract_raw": "This study examines whether transnational terrorist attacks impact the political survival of leaders. We argue that external security threats, such as those from transnational terrorist incidents, can undermine incumbent target governments by exposing foreign policy failures and damaging society\u2019s general well-being. Yet, terrorism may not destabilize democratic governments as a result of citizens rallying around their elected leaders in threatening times. Focusing on Archigos\u2019 survival leadership data and International Terrorism: Attributes of Terrorist Events\u2019 terrorism data for the 1968\u20132004 period, we find that autocrats who experience higher instances of transnational terrorist attacks are more likely to exit power. Democrats, however, are relatively secure to the destabilizing influence of transnational terrorism." }, { "paper": "2596515450", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2017", "title": "parallels in propaganda a comparative historical analysis of islamic state and the nazi party", "label": [ "39549134", "203133693", "86060140", "29598333", "2776398702", "5616717" ], "author": [ "2107389970" ], "reference": [ "138746265", "573691800", "594125258", "646020592", "652021799", "654421413", "659170108", "1522475024", "1522654972", "1526105741", "1528113760", "1561018600", "1574029562", "1580059842", "1600165228", "1980444403", "1993443635", "2005654694", "2022360929", "2023354531", "2023490457", "2045342657", "2056967783", "2077175694", "2086340891", "2151944831", "2313465064", "2316166932", "2337767391", "2490590487", "2739320186", "2783896358", "2798706711", "2798746526", "2799952504", "2799983010" ], "abstract": "abstractthis article responds to calls for more comparative historical studies in public relations history across nations and cultures with a comparative analysis of the propaganda operations of islamic state with the nazi party this comparative historical approach aims to reduce the uncertainty associated with extremist terrorism and bring a historic communicative perspective to an organization that politicians and commentators arguably overestimate in what has been described as the epistemological crisis of western counterterrorism this investigation attempts a methodological expansion of public relations historiography by applying the theoretical approach of historical institutionalism as basis for comparison between the two institutions alongside conventional content and artefact analysis the project identifies ten parallels in propaganda and concludes that some of these commonalities including a focus on engaging and recruiting young people for example can provide historically derived guida", "title_raw": "Parallels in propaganda? A comparative historical analysis of Islamic State and the Nazi Party", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACTThis article responds to calls for more comparative historical studies in public relations history across nations and cultures with a comparative analysis of the propaganda operations of Islamic State with the Nazi Party. This comparative historical approach aims to reduce the uncertainty associated with extremist terrorism and bring a historic-communicative perspective to an organization that politicians and commentators arguably overestimate in what has been described as the \u201cepistemological crisis\u201d of Western counterterrorism. This investigation attempts a methodological expansion of public relations historiography by applying the theoretical approach of historical institutionalism as basis for comparison between the two institutions alongside conventional content and artefact analysis. The project identifies ten parallels in propaganda and concludes that some of these commonalities \u2013 including a focus on engaging and recruiting young people, for example \u2013 can provide historically-derived guida..." }, { "paper": "2519630601", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2017", "title": "playing the blame game on brussels the domestic political effects of eu interventions against democratic backsliding", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758", "148834064", "65117487" ], "author": [ "103835712", "2460542880" ], "reference": [ "1496643185", "1560111033", "1782109393", "1964361362", "1968966379", "1977500843", "1983193208", "1998708189", "2049422431", "2060858223", "2062662966", "2069106415", "2072268369", "2085325227", "2116372194", "2117343392", "2126378354", "2131211340", "2139234963", "2145907606", "2162067134", "2163458930", "2170798589", "2226911034", "2235203904", "2317868317", "2507362568", "2514365471", "3121716441", "3123689492" ], "abstract": "abstractthis article develops the argument that european union eu intervention to protect its core values is likely to provoke unintended and undesired consequences at the domestic level eu intervention will typically invite the accused government to play the blame game on brussels by criticizing the eu for illegitimately interfering with domestic affairs the government may frame eu intervention as a threat from the outside and present itself as the only safeguard against this threat as a consequence support for those domestic actors that were supposed to be weakened by eu intervention is likely to increase in the aftermath of a european intervention while eu support might significantly drop the article illustrates this argument by tracing domestic reactions to eu interventions against austria between 2000 and 2002 and against hungary since 2010 in conclusion the eu should be very cautious with such external interventions since they may easily strengthen anti eu and illiberal political forces", "title_raw": "Playing the blame game on Brussels: the domestic political effects of EU interventions against democratic backsliding", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACTThis article develops the argument that European Union (EU) intervention to protect its core values is likely to provoke unintended and undesired consequences at the domestic level. EU intervention will typically invite the accused government to play the blame game on Brussels. By criticizing the EU for illegitimately interfering with domestic affairs, the government may frame EU intervention as a threat from the outside and present itself as the only safeguard against this threat. As a consequence, support for those domestic actors that were supposed to be weakened by EU intervention is likely to increase in the aftermath of a European intervention, while EU support might significantly drop. The article illustrates this argument by tracing domestic reactions to EU interventions against Austria between 2000 and 2002 and against Hungary since 2010. In conclusion, the EU should be very cautious with such external interventions, since they may easily strengthen anti-EU and illiberal political forces ..." }, { "paper": "2547693729", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2017", "title": "civil society s role in efforts to control women s cancers", "label": [ "513891491" ], "author": [ "639768822", "2547257183" ], "reference": [ "1623624356", "1757407923", "2024443851", "2044897816", "2079172413", "2172359919", "2173121992", "2411217027", "2547627917", "2547768673", "2548000951" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Civil society's role in efforts to control women's cancers.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2598622575", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2017", "title": "comment drawing a new bottom line", "label": [ "151719136", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "1988502180" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "abenomic plans to make japan s universities compete for private funding lie at the heart of reforms to kickstart a struggling sector", "title_raw": "Comment: Drawing a new bottom line", "abstract_raw": "'Abenomic' plans to make Japan's universities compete for private funding lie at the heart of reforms to kickstart a struggling sector" }, { "paper": "2758664238", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "north korea ban blocks humanitarians", "label": [ "2778971194" ], "author": [ "2236929520" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in his science insider news story north korea travel ban would hit pyongyang university hard 21 july r stone discusses the impacts that the ban on u s travel to north korea would have on pyongyang university in the 25 august letter korean physicians bond", "title_raw": "North Korea ban blocks humanitarians.", "abstract_raw": "In his Science Insider news story \u201cNorth Korea travel ban would hit Pyongyang University hard\u201d (21 July; ), R. Stone discusses the impacts that the ban on U.S. travel to North Korea would have on Pyongyang University. In the 25 August Letter \u201cKorean physicians' bond" }, { "paper": "2566934427", "venue": "51885707", "year": "2017", "title": "heritage branding of india a gandhi tourism perspective", "label": [ "18918823" ], "author": [ "2123663858" ], "reference": [ "1490602991", "1969467832", "2049032041", "2252880063" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Heritage branding of India: A Gandhi tourism perspective", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2618995541", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2017", "title": "a strategic logic of attacking aid workers evidence from violence in afghanistan", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2306613152", "2137243211" ], "reference": [ "201156816", "606783974", "1506772712", "1523862915", "1531069750", "1532614141", "1548934394", "1560429793", "1857856946", "1970787339", "1974123593", "1989909158", "1995410581", "1996971495", "1998773875", "2002452523", "2009696653", "2028457967", "2035593905", "2057659479", "2063254583", "2063791326", "2068897414", "2069889541", "2073556730", "2087238494", "2093780331", "2094309540", "2097414408", "2101449266", "2105199419", "2107177679", "2111307659", "2117496810", "2119997724", "2120196103", "2121190354", "2129666024", "2133488942", "2135377032", "2137419545", "2137431964", "2138726919", "2146280510", "2146651048", "2148981363", "2160580959", "2162976736", "2165611314", "2169685578", "2169704614", "2278404455", "2334764761", "2339146859", "2482936958", "2609185000", "2735275708", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Strategic Logic of Attacking Aid Workers: Evidence from Violence in Afghanistan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2586583632", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2017", "title": "commercial diplomacy in the middle east", "label": [ "2777302886", "3651065", "99000247" ], "author": [ "2586873769" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Commercial Diplomacy in the Middle East", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2763720127", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2017", "title": "shift happens the historical institutionalism of kathleen thelen", "label": [ "86060140" ], "author": [ "2097181501" ], "reference": [ "659600372", "1529223067", "1549592375", "1569410165", "1807633285", "2058145111", "2120318710", "2142747898", "2143749883", "2149669539", "2313058355" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Shift Happens: The Historical Institutionalism of Kathleen Thelen", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2794055334", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2017", "title": "international law and its discontents confronting crises edited by barbara stark new york ny cambridge university press 2015 index pp xi 306 102 67", "label": [ "55447825" ], "author": [ "198785058" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "International Law and Its Discontents: Confronting Crises. Edited by Barbara Stark . New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Index. Pp. xi, 306. $102, \u00a367.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2611584449", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2017", "title": "rethinking the concept of negativity an empirical approach", "label": [ "522562087", "134698397", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1790735172", "2143363404" ], "reference": [ "1847377623", "2010926569", "2078219028", "2083691097", "2087584868", "2131274979", "2137180816", "2151811293", "2157385525", "2158032059", "2322831398", "2331780937", "2589530475" ], "abstract": "over the last twenty years there has been a tremendous amount written on negativity in political campaigns yet there is a conceptual disconnect between the definition of negativity used by res", "title_raw": "Rethinking the Concept of Negativity: An Empirical Approach:", "abstract_raw": "Over the last twenty years, there has been a tremendous amount written on \u201cnegativity\u201d in political campaigns. Yet, there is a conceptual disconnect between the definition of negativity used by res..." }, { "paper": "2610615566", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2017", "title": "no solution the labour government and the northern ireland conflict 1974 79", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2158086951" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "No solution: the Labour government and the Northern Ireland conflict, 1974\u201379", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2616292214", "venue": "107737141", "year": "2017", "title": "understanding why scholars hold different views on the influences of video games on public health", "label": [ "151884938", "200113983" ], "author": [ "2097442559", "2303258737" ], "reference": [ "84836951", "236160316", "1482950568", "1577061578", "1578214659", "1922815360", "1932577564", "1975064230", "1983623885", "1987260235", "1995556686", "1998623387", "2013516392", "2017626898", "2024026255", "2030301434", "2031974766", "2047905888", "2056380990", "2065403643", "2071506122", "2083294444", "2087884612", "2102920418", "2108653248", "2112025351", "2138713622", "2140187657", "2141010201", "2142580460", "2151922135", "2154011351", "2164942343", "2166202380", "2167856859", "2207590618", "2286543053", "2313594791", "2314830677", "2331217259", "2331794079", "2341962709", "2403667141", "2466986946", "2485946319", "2520831426", "2527828900", "2528124781", "2533450154", "2567335788", "2750671471", "2769926769", "2798623288" ], "abstract": "despite decades of research no scholarly consensus has been achieved regarding the potential impact of video games on youth aggression or other public health concerns in recent years hypotheses have been raised that scholarly opinions on video games may resemble past moral panics with attitudes reflective of generational conflicts these hypotheses are tested in a sample of 175 criminologists psychologists and media scholars examining both overall negative attitudes about video games and perceived linkages with youth assaults specifically results reflected continued lack of scholarly consensus on the issue of video game influences with only 15 3 of scholars endorsing the view the violent video games contribute to youth assaults as hypothesized older scholars endorsed more negative views of video games generally although this appeared to be related to experience with games rather than age per se scholars with more negative attitudes toward youth themselves were also more negative about games criminologists and media scholars were more skeptical of violent video games contributing to youth assaults than were psychologists these results are discussed in relation to moral panic theory", "title_raw": "Understanding Why Scholars Hold Different Views on the Influences of Video Games on Public Health", "abstract_raw": "Despite decades of research, no scholarly consensus has been achieved regarding the potential impact of video games on youth aggression or other public health concerns. In recent years, hypotheses have been raised that scholarly opinions on video games may resemble past moral panics, with attitudes reflective of generational conflicts. These hypotheses are tested in a sample of 175 criminologists, psychologists and media scholars, examining both overall negative attitudes about video games and perceived linkages with youth assaults specifically. Results reflected continued lack of scholarly consensus on the issue of video game influences with only 15.3% of scholars endorsing the view the violent video games contribute to youth assaults. As hypothesized, older scholars endorsed more negative views of video games generally, although this appeared to be related to experience with games rather than age per se. Scholars with more negative attitudes toward youth themselves were also more negative about games. Criminologists and media scholars were more skeptical of violent video games contributing to youth assaults than were psychologists. These results are discussed in relation to Moral Panic Theory." }, { "paper": "2765333036", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2017", "title": "hamas and fatah s step forward takes palestine a step back", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2128357772" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Hamas and Fatah's Step Forward Takes Palestine a Step Back", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2617460885", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2017", "title": "ideology in armed groups", "label": [ "2777162435", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2788312166", "2599169000" ], "reference": [ "195910826", "590335936", "1492572854", "1539903039", "1763723428", "1857648641", "1985717007", "2003543223", "2021641994", "2055052633", "2063161863", "2096300794", "2097380520", "2105199419", "2119639676", "2126715125", "2165611314", "2175068751", "2255686751", "2488873126", "2516288347", "2516775113", "2576965026", "2580065382", "2609185000", "2761001366" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ideology in Armed Groups", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2748143642", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2017", "title": "the politics of canadian foreign policy 4th edition by kim richard nossal stephane roussel and stephane paquin", "label": [ "34355311", "2776161467", "44394981", "2777689456", "2780541349", "93377909", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1352450631" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "reviewed by christopher j kukucha university of lethbridgemy first encounter with the second edition of kim richard nossal s now classic the politics of canadian foreign policy was as a new ma student in terry keenleyside s topics in canadian foreign policy course at the university of windsor it is impossible to underestimate the importance of that first semester on my professional and personal life tom keating who would become my phd supervisor had earlier experienced keenleyside s mentorship and duane bratt would soon follow today both are valued colleagues and friends nossal s book with its fascinating discussion of canadian provincial international activity would also serve as a catalyst for ideas that continue to shape my career to this day several years passed following the publication of the third edition in 1997 and i sadly assumed the project had run its course needless to say i was excited to see a fourth edition in 2015 now with two new highly respected co contributors stephane roussel and stephane paquin once again the latest edition is an extremely important contribution to the study of canadian foreign policy much has changed over the 30 year life span of this book when it first appeared in the mid 1980s it was the height of the cold war brian mulroney was moving from opposition leader to prime minster and the pierre trudeau era with its foreign policy defined by the recognition of china reduced commitments to the north atlantic treaty organization nato and often strained canada united states relations was coming to an end today under the nascent leadership of justin trudeau canada is quickly leaving behind stephen harper s mistrust of multilateralism with a renewed emphasis on climate change peacekeeping and once again closer ties with china as nossal roussel and paquin make clear however the argument running through the first three editions remains remarkably consistent in the fourth only the milieu the problems of the time and the personalities have changed international anarchy asymmetrical power relations the pursuit of self interest and pressures from domestic government and societal pressures all remain constant regardless of the era xv the organization of the book has also followed a stable path over the years although it is interesting to compare the first edition with this latest arrival in 1985 the literature on canada s foreign relations was very much driven by canada s place in the world as a dependent principal or middle power as such part one the parameters of decision focused 25 pages on the external dimension of canadian foreign policy but it also included a brief discussion of the often marginalized relevance of non governmental interests and even the role of dominant ideas anticipating a constructivist trend gaining popularity in the study of international relations", "title_raw": "The Politics of Canadian Foreign Policy, 4th Edition, by Kim Richard Nossal, St\u00e9phane Roussel and St\u00e9phane Paquin", "abstract_raw": "Reviewed by: Christopher J. Kukucha (), University of LethbridgeMy first encounter with the second edition of Kim Richard Nossal's now-classic The Politics of Canadian Foreign Policy was as a new MA student in Terry Keenleyside's Topics in Canadian Foreign Policy course at the University of Windsor. It is impossible to underestimate the importance of that first semester on my professional and personal life. Tom Keating, who would become my PhD supervisor, had earlier experienced Keenleyside's mentorship, and Duane Bratt would soon follow. Today both are valued colleagues and friends. Nossal's book, with its fascinating discussion of Canadian provincial international activity, would also serve as a catalyst for ideas that continue to shape my career to this day. Several years passed following the publication of the third edition in 1997, and I sadly assumed the project had run its course. Needless to say, I was excited to see a fourth edition in 2015, now with two new highly respected co-contributors (Stephane Roussel and Stephane Paquin). Once again, the latest edition is an extremely important contribution to the study of Canadian foreign policy.Much has changed over the 30-year life span of this book. When it first appeared in the mid-1980s, it was the height of the Cold War; Brian Mulroney was moving from opposition leader to prime minster, and the Pierre Trudeau era, with its foreign policy defined by the recognition of China, reduced commitments to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and often strained Canada-United States relations, was coming to an end. Today, under the nascent leadership of Justin Trudeau, Canada is quickly leaving behind Stephen Harper's mistrust of multilateralism, with a renewed emphasis on climate change, peacekeeping, and once again, closer ties with China. As Nossal, Roussel, and Paquin make clear, however, the argument running through the first three editions remains remarkably consistent in the fourth; \"Only the milieu, the problems of the time, and the personalities have changed.\" International anarchy, asymmetrical power relations, the pursuit of self-interest, and pressures from domestic government and societal pressures all remain constant \"regardless of the era\" (xv).The organization of the book has also followed a stable path over the years, although it is interesting to compare the first edition with this latest arrival. In 1985, the literature on Canada's foreign relations was very much driven by Canada's \"place\" in the world as a dependent, principal, or middle power. As such, Part One, \"The Parameters of Decision,\" focused 25 pages on the \"external dimension\" of Canadian foreign policy, but it also included a brief discussion of the often-marginalized relevance of non-governmental interests, and even the role of dominant ideas, anticipating a constructivist trend gaining popularity in the study of international relations. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2755661464", "venue": "45992627", "year": "2017", "title": "the impact of terrorism on well being evidence from the boston marathon bombing", "label": [ "203133693", "2776420229", "100243477", "2778999518" ], "author": [ "2106746729", "2272654412", "2096175844" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Impact of Terrorism on Well-being: Evidence from the Boston Marathon Bombing", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2765408313", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2017", "title": "ballot order in cueless elections a comparison of municipal and provincial elections in quebec", "label": [ "3116431", "2775995803", "2777094542", "59742305", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2514578255", "2766676445" ], "reference": [ "231063171", "614917022", "645974420", "1523850678", "1970849264", "1975171906", "1977825494", "1982640169", "1983221152", "1986713131", "1987577443", "1993840226", "2004009637", "2012728340", "2015505435", "2023543205", "2023543516", "2030398623", "2040213875", "2084221958", "2089948141", "2095637091", "2100208756", "2100313897", "2111940674", "2112665044", "2134231299", "2145506979", "2156328692", "2160075489", "2161543307", "2167067970", "2322188288", "2329648039", "3005398847" ], "abstract": "this paper studies the prevalence of ballot order effects in two different types of canadian elections which differ greatly by the strength of party cues they provide to voters provincial elections are best described as a typical competition between well established and institutionalized parties hence providing voters with strong party cues alternatively municipal politics provide voters with much weaker party cues we use electoral results from recent provincial and municipal elections in quebec and find ballot order effects in municipal elections but not in provincial ones although ballot order effects may also be the product of alphabetic preference bias we argue that in any case these are cognitive biases that are ultimately the product of insufficient cues that voters need in order to cast well informed votes the paper therefore sheds some light on an understudied type of election in political science", "title_raw": "Ballot Order in Cueless Elections: A Comparison of Municipal and Provincial Elections in Qu\u00e9bec", "abstract_raw": "This paper studies the prevalence of ballot order effects in two different types of Canadian elections which differ greatly by the strength of party cues they provide to voters. Provincial elections are best described as a typical competition between well established and institutionalized parties, hence providing voters with strong party cues. Alternatively, municipal politics provide voters with much weaker party cues. We use electoral results from recent provincial and municipal elections in Quebec and find ballot order effects in municipal elections but not in provincial ones. Although ballot order effects may also be the product of alphabetic preference bias, we argue that in any case these are cognitive biases that are ultimately the product of insufficient cues that voters need in order to cast well-informed votes. The paper, therefore, sheds some light on an understudied type of election in political science." }, { "paper": "2612438742", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "nih to cap grants for well funded investigators", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the national institutes of health nih announced plans last week to impose a new grant scoring system that would cap how much support an investigator can receive from the agency the goal is to free up money for early and midcareer scientists and those struggling to keep labs afloat many scientists are in an uproar about the policy shift which they say goes against the idea of rewarding the most successful scientists but supporters say the reform is long overdue there9s little evidence that larger labs produce proportionately more scientific progress they argue and plenty that nih9s current funding system is hurting younger scientists and smaller labs", "title_raw": "NIH to cap grants for well-funded investigators", "abstract_raw": "The National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced plans last week to impose a new grant scoring system that would cap how much support an investigator can receive from the agency. The goal is to free up money for early- and midcareer scientists and those struggling to keep labs afloat. Many scientists are in an uproar about the policy shift, which they say goes against the idea of rewarding the most successful scientists. But supporters say the reform is long overdue. There9s little evidence that larger labs produce proportionately more scientific progress, they argue, and plenty that NIH9s current funding system is hurting younger scientists and smaller labs." }, { "paper": "2560120837", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2017", "title": "science as a fixed point quantification and boundary objects in international climate politics", "label": [ "2780328347", "94625758", "169768988", "199776023", "2777238649" ], "author": [ "2765280880", "1754212777" ], "reference": [ "36744620", "209123738", "1480551106", "1480763947", "1546831332", "1589635259", "1963533029", "1971670344", "1973952109", "1986763281", "2017721266", "2042349004", "2050596207", "2052680625", "2057164703", "2077204021", "2085442305", "2097393902", "2104316405", "2113231337", "2148732650", "2155138512", "2159241441", "2162237094", "2165338154", "2167593612", "2170671962", "2225158406", "2313966001", "2496369459", "2518799113", "2518928560", "2755364214", "2890344869", "2946308112", "3148233289", "3188003122" ], "abstract": "abstract our understanding of climate change is dominated by quantified scientific knowledge with science and politics usually seen as operating separately and autonomously from one another by investigating a particular fact box in the ipcc s fourth assessment report ar4 this paper challenges the assumption that science and policy can be clearly delineated the so called bali box gained a prominent role in negotiations leading up to the copenhagen conference in 2009 as it was widely seen as providing a fixed point a quantified scientific answer to the question of equitable effort sharing between north and south this understanding of the bali box triggered a backlash however when the hybrid character of the box as an assemblage of science political considerations and moral judgements became evident to actors in the negotiations the paper employs the notion of boundary objects to analyse the history of the bali box and argues that climate politics will benefit from a richer understanding of the interplay between science and policy moving beyond characterizations that place the bali box on either side of a clear boundary between the scientific and the political we suggest focusing instead on what the box as a hybrid product is doing i e how it simplifies and quantifies what it covers and what it leaves outside", "title_raw": "Science as a \u201cfixed point\u201d? Quantification and boundary objects in international climate politics", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Our understanding of climate change is dominated by quantified scientific knowledge, with science and politics usually seen as operating separately and autonomously from one another. By investigating a particular fact box in the IPCC\u2019s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), this paper challenges the assumption that science and policy can be clearly delineated. The so-called \u201cBali Box\u201d gained a prominent role in negotiations leading up to the Copenhagen Conference in 2009, as it was widely seen as providing a \u201cfixed point\u201d \u2013 a quantified scientific answer to the question of equitable effort-sharing between North and South. This understanding of the Bali Box triggered a backlash, however, when the hybrid character of the box as an assemblage of science, political considerations and moral judgements became evident to actors in the negotiations. The paper employs the notion of boundary objects to analyse the history of the Bali Box, and argues that climate politics will benefit from a richer understanding of the interplay between science and policy. Moving beyond characterizations that place the Bali Box on either side of a clear boundary between the scientific and the political, we suggest focusing instead on what the Box as a hybrid product is doing, i.e. how it simplifies and quantifies, what it covers and what it leaves outside." }, { "paper": "2749679303", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2017", "title": "how social movements die repression and demobilization of the republic of new africa by christian davenport new york cambridge university press 2015 352p 93 00 cloth 33 99 paper", "label": [ "123108692", "27462124" ], "author": [ "2747151844" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Social Movements Die: Repression and Demobilization of the Republic of New Africa. By Christian Davenport. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 352p. $93.00 cloth, $33.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2607017262", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2017", "title": "the triumph of polarized partisanship in 2016 donald trump s improbable victory", "label": [ "199539241", "2779220109" ], "author": [ "2169585288" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Triumph of Polarized Partisanship in 2016: Donald Trump's Improbable Victory", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2605605388", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2017", "title": "book review terrorism in cyberspace the next generation by gabriel weimann", "label": [ "203133693" ], "author": [ "2606481954" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Terrorism in Cyberspace: The Next Generation by Gabriel Weimann:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3125891105", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2017", "title": "can citizens discern information credibility political sophistication and the punishment of corruption in brazil", "label": [ "2776446040", "94625758", "2780224610", "201342494", "2777930997", "39549134", "2776007630", "508889258" ], "author": [ "124101882", "2151724482" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "when are citizens most likely to hold politicians to account for wrongdoing in a crowded information environment political accountability requires that credible information about politician behavior is available and that citizens are able to identify credible information as such focusing on this second requirement we argue that the ability to discern more credible from less credible information is increasing in citizens cognitive and political sophistication using data from an original survey experiment in brazil we show that all citizens react negatively to corruption allegations but that more politically sophisticated respondents are the most likely to discern between sources of information that differ in their credibility in particular they are more skeptical of low credibility sources than their less sophisticated counterparts our findings suggest a novel mechanism that may link increasing education with control of political corruption educated citizens are better able to discern and there", "title_raw": "Can Citizens Discern? Information Credibility, Political Sophistication, and the Punishment of Corruption in Brazil", "abstract_raw": "When are citizens most likely to hold politicians to account for wrongdoing? In a crowded information environment, political accountability requires that credible information about politician behavior is available and that citizens are able to identify credible information as such. Focusing on this second requirement, we argue that the ability to discern more credible from less credible information is increasing in citizens\u2019 cognitive and political sophistication. Using data from an original survey experiment in Brazil, we show that all citizens react negatively to corruption allegations but that more politically sophisticated respondents are the most likely to discern between sources of information that differ in their credibility. In particular, they are more skeptical of low-credibility sources than their less sophisticated counterparts. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism that may link increasing education with control of political corruption: educated citizens are better able to discern, and there..." }, { "paper": "2743836177", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2017", "title": "whaling and international law by malgosia fitzmaurice cambridge cambridge university press 2015 pp xvi 400 index 125", "label": [ "55447825" ], "author": [ "2742451349" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Whaling and International Law. By Malgosia Fitzmaurice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. xvi, 400. Index. $125.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2771687416", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2017", "title": "osamah f khalil america s dream palace middle east expertise and the rise of the national security state salim yaqub imperfect strangers americans arabs and u s middle east relations in the 1970s", "label": [ "528167355", "2776398702", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2607821568" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Osamah F. Khalil. America\u2019s Dream Palace: Middle East Expertise and the Rise of the National Security State; Salim Yaqub. Imperfect Strangers: Americans, Arabs, and U.S.\u2013Middle East Relations in the 1970s.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2503733244", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2017", "title": "patterns of criminal threat in television news coverage of ethnic minorities in flanders 2003 2013", "label": [ "107344746", "125209646", "31170391", "137403100" ], "author": [ "2128273062" ], "reference": [ "62270835", "1503007696", "1512096531", "1558809566", "1824663377", "1968517888", "1980725879", "1984866346", "1993530341", "1994393346", "1998252426", "1999309227", "2000287836", "2003162392", "2004602172", "2006715717", "2009126027", "2009620829", "2014299577", "2016310527", "2031717378", "2034328075", "2057006092", "2059573856", "2061165722", "2066677051", "2069425204", "2071351092", "2073087356", "2080932915", "2083665860", "2084003806", "2101599917", "2102339557", "2103560939", "2106505756", "2116096314", "2117269398", "2118744092", "2122883156", "2124486880", "2141760007", "2141874971", "2148928627", "2149355000", "2156887679", "2158481412", "2159498153", "2163581193", "2167121898", "2208052699", "2312777798", "2339518734", "2991105432", "2993841416", "3122184807" ], "abstract": "abstractdespite a strong cognitive association in the minds of native citizens between ethnic minority presence and crime compelling evidence demonstrating a real world relationship between crime and ethnic diversity is limited this study adopts a media based approach to contribute to the debate on the origin of the perception of criminal threats by means of a content analysis of 11 years of crime news 2003 2013 in flanders the northern dutch speaking part of belgium portrayals of ethnic minority and majority perpetrators are systematically compared to assess whether ethnic minorities are portrayed in a significantly more threatening way moreover building on ethnic hierarchy theories comparisons are made between various outgroups findings demonstrate that ethnic minority perpetrators are depicted in a more threatening manner they are more likely to be associated with violent property and gang related crime additionally they are more likely to be anonymised and to be associated with expli", "title_raw": "Patterns of criminal threat in television news coverage of ethnic minorities in Flanders (2003\u20132013)", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACTDespite a strong cognitive association in the minds of native citizens between ethnic minority presence and crime, compelling evidence demonstrating a real-world relationship between crime and ethnic diversity is limited. This study adopts a media-based approach to contribute to the debate on the origin of the perception of criminal threats. By means of a content analysis of 11 years of crime news (2003\u20132013) in Flanders (the northern, Dutch-speaking part of Belgium), portrayals of ethnic minority and majority perpetrators are systematically compared to assess whether ethnic minorities are portrayed in a significantly more threatening way. Moreover, building on ethnic hierarchy theories, comparisons are made between various outgroups. Findings demonstrate that ethnic minority perpetrators are depicted in a more threatening manner: they are more likely to be associated with violent, property, and gang-related crime. Additionally, they are more likely to be anonymised and to be associated with expli..." }, { "paper": "2622634922", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2017", "title": "learning about climate change solutions in the ipcc and beyond", "label": [ "164749845", "2775884135", "189708586" ], "author": [ "1970203652", "2526731649", "2636727898", "2620518563", "259648431" ], "reference": [ "153170371", "564043260", "596199182", "651873369", "918302442", "1557166578", "1597933071", "1608548475", "1840974770", "1964067420", "1970504359", "1982266504", "1990723091", "1994852246", "1998746618", "1999471080", "2000051404", "2003036797", "2006455144", "2012929304", "2015394397", "2020833649", "2031158475", "2034317619", "2044150432", "2044932203", "2054457400", "2072623762", "2084079829", "2097598641", "2105508996", "2118976920", "2139972751", "2155303073", "2159539107", "2166027036", "2193503481", "2204733263", "2225158406", "2252558174", "2267732457", "2269512136", "2311136865", "2439538439", "2464935767", "2497848310", "2508261773", "2520714999", "2587288404", "2620965852", "2963264509" ], "abstract": "abstract there has been much debate about the assessment process of the intergovernmental panel on climate change ipcc yet two of the most fundamental challenges that directly threaten the ability of the ipcc to fulfill its mandate have been largely neglected so far firstly the magnitude and rapid expansion of the climate change literature makes it increasingly impossible for the ipcc to conduct comprehensive and transparent assessments without major innovations in assessment practices and tools secondly the structure organization and scientific practices across the social sciences and humanities prohibit systematic learning on climate change solutions and increasingly limit the policy relevance of ipcc assessments we highlight the need for responses along three avenues to prepare the ipcc for continued success in the future 1 ipcc assessments must make better use of big data methods and available computational power to assess the growing body of literature and ensure comprehensiveness 2 systematic review practices need to be enshrined into ipcc procedures to ensure adequate focus and transparency in its assessments 3 a synthetic research culture needs to be established in the social sciences and humanities in order to foster knowledge accumulation and learning on climate solutions in the future as policymakers become more interested in understanding solutions the future prospects of global environmental assessment enterprises will depend heavily on a successful transformation within the social sciences and humanities towards systematic knowledge generation this article is part of a special issue on solution oriented global environmental assessments", "title_raw": "Learning about climate change solutions in the IPCC and beyond", "abstract_raw": "Abstract There has been much debate about the assessment process of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Yet two of the most fundamental challenges that directly threaten the ability of the IPCC to fulfill its mandate have been largely neglected so far. Firstly, the magnitude and rapid expansion of the climate change literature makes it increasingly impossible for the IPCC to conduct comprehensive and transparent assessments without major innovations in assessment practices and tools. Secondly, the structure, organization and scientific practices across the social sciences and humanities prohibit systematic learning on climate change solutions and increasingly limit the policy-relevance of IPCC assessments. We highlight the need for responses along three avenues to prepare the IPCC for continued success in the future: 1) IPCC assessments must make better use of big-data methods and available computational power to assess the growing body of literature and ensure comprehensiveness; 2) systematic review practices need to be enshrined into IPCC procedures to ensure adequate focus and transparency in its assessments; 3) a synthetic research culture needs to be established in the social sciences and humanities in order to foster knowledge accumulation and learning on climate solutions in the future. As policymakers become more interested in understanding solutions, the future prospects of global environmental assessment enterprises will depend heavily on a successful transformation within the social sciences and humanities towards systematic knowledge generation. This article is part of a special issue on solution-oriented Global Environmental Assessments." }, { "paper": "2602281207", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2017", "title": "the handbook of indian defence policy themes structures and doctrines", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "1991444858" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The handbook of Indian defence policy: themes, structures, and doctrines", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2742353750", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2017", "title": "democracies in conflict the role of public opinion political parties and the press in shaping security policy", "label": [ "555826173", "93377909", "134698397", "21711469", "3116431", "34355311", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2171916049" ], "reference": [ "65613682", "256019955", "1485893541", "1964688764", "1977058845", "1977111456", "1987566178", "1989388332", "1991278031", "1995775998", "1998634495", "1998975639", "2003013035", "2009779096", "2012953914", "2022181827", "2022558457", "2026255272", "2030548645", "2033290738", "2035957613", "2036576880", "2036794832", "2036863814", "2042809507", "2047152671", "2049228636", "2049863463", "2052775647", "2053471255", "2055901001", "2056370346", "2063633725", "2063829818", "2065710950", "2078561014", "2078850517", "2080826664", "2080913687", "2082074469", "2083987274", "2085001395", "2085574420", "2087472781", "2089351107", "2089576266", "2094446820", "2094837829", "2095198094", "2099188128", "2104616787", "2105684571", "2105851444", "2105991505", "2106550921", "2106958751", "2108378466", "2110488634", "2112118306", "2112617839", "2114489256", "2114664295", "2119669418", "2123272973", "2126060141", "2127529110", "2130467555", "2132553681", "2133252317", "2133685950", "2135035101", "2136669557", "2136718762", "2143891888", "2150957645", "2152526885", "2153088483", "2155010517", "2155263310", "2155333785", "2156024651", "2156903974", "2159300646", "2161051641", "2163890047", "2165736931", "2166119588", "2167375393", "2168021889", "2168629529", "2169253034", "2171921076", "2172086827", "2187448801", "2287461810", "2319707118", "2319724790", "2323969770", "2324592555", "2325691286", "2329087729", "2332923874", "2466394305", "2587448671", "2748654114", "3122146884" ], "abstract": "the vast literature on the impact of democratic political institutions on foreign policy behavior has yielded some of the most important developments in our understanding of violence and war over the past thirty years the journal of conflict resolution has played a prominent role in this growth and development critics of the democratic peace have dismissed this literature as a correlation in search of an explanation however i argue that the democratic peace literature and its various descendants represent a surprisingly productive example of an empirically focused and puzzle oriented research program that has produced cumulative scientific knowledge regarding our understanding of international politics this sustained investigation of democracy and foreign policy has yielded an increasingly robust and sophisticated model of democratic constraint that is the consequence of a progressive research program that compares favorably to earlier research programs that emphasized clashing paradigms of internati", "title_raw": "Democracies in Conflict: The Role of Public Opinion, Political Parties, and the Press in Shaping Security Policy", "abstract_raw": "The vast literature on the impact of democratic political institutions on foreign policy behavior has yielded some of the most important developments in our understanding of violence and war over the past thirty years. The Journal of Conflict Resolution has played a prominent role in this growth and development. Critics of the democratic peace have dismissed this literature as a correlation in search of an explanation. However, I argue that the democratic peace literature and its various descendants represent a surprisingly productive example of an empirically focused and puzzle-oriented research program that has produced cumulative scientific knowledge regarding our understanding of international politics. This sustained investigation of democracy and foreign policy has yielded an increasingly robust and sophisticated model of democratic constraint that is the consequence of a progressive research program that compares favorably to earlier research programs that emphasized clashing paradigms of internati..." }, { "paper": "2625252429", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2017", "title": "macron consolidates electoral victory", "label": [ "59742305", "148834064", "2779220109", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2126046128" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Macron consolidates electoral victory", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2780580805", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2017", "title": "foreign policy priorities and ethnic return migration policies group level variation in greece and serbia", "label": [ "2779306362", "137403100", "93377909", "2778611045", "2776051254", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1995693147", "2777085172" ], "reference": [ "13648547", "139524454", "205711598", "357064872", "562115475", "564177111", "588132250", "636661881", "653787088", "1851245101", "1931104058", "1967653090", "1972085427", "1972312983", "1972341373", "1976997993", "1993326250", "2007778203", "2015682948", "2021075830", "2029830525", "2034750546", "2036128972", "2039455691", "2041525226", "2044637433", "2050032341", "2085219580", "2092374559", "2118233405", "2134041940", "2159365501", "2169565941", "2169936529", "2224852240", "2245859620", "2286963089", "2338386905", "2346337997", "2484305830", "2486832154", "2492747298", "2528731497", "2775953350", "2776960322", "2778478607", "2781100010", "2797677431", "2804051390" ], "abstract": "abstractwhy do ethnoculturally defined states pursue favourable policies to integrate some returnees from their historical diasporas while neglecting or excluding others we study this question by looking at members of two historical diasporas that in the 1990s returned to their respective ethnic homelands greece and serbia but were not treated uniformly by their respective governments utilising a wide range of primary sources we consider evidence for a number of plausible explanations for such policy variation including the economic profile of an ethnic returnee group its status in internal ethnic hierarchies its lobbying power and dynamics of party politics we find instead that the observed variation is best explained by the role that each particular group played in the ruling elites ex ante foreign policy objectives elites discouraged the repatriation of co ethnics from parts of the world they still had claims over by pursuing unfavourable repatriation policies conversely absent a rev", "title_raw": "Foreign policy priorities and ethnic return migration policies: group-level variation in Greece and Serbia", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACTWhy do ethnoculturally defined states pursue favourable policies to integrate some returnees from their historical diasporas while neglecting or excluding others? We study this question by looking at members of two historical diasporas that, in the 1990s, returned to their respective ethnic homelands, Greece and Serbia, but were not treated uniformly by their respective governments. Utilising a wide range of primary sources, we consider evidence for a number of plausible explanations for such policy variation, including the economic profile of an ethnic returnee group, its status in internal ethnic hierarchies, its lobbying power, and dynamics of party politics. We find, instead, that the observed variation is best explained by the role that each particular group played in the ruling elites\u2019 ex ante foreign policy objectives. Elites discouraged the repatriation of co-ethnics from parts of the world they still had claims over, by pursuing unfavourable repatriation policies. Conversely, absent a rev..." }, { "paper": "2773064835", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2017", "title": "gambling on the future casino enclaves development and poverty alleviation in laos", "label": [ "47648889", "191935318", "201342494", "148834064", "33842695", "27219730", "189326681" ], "author": [ "2690706112" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "following the extraordinary wealth generation of casinos in macau and singapore governments and non state actors across southeast asia have developed gambling establishments as a means to fast track economic growth and stimulate national development yet here and elsewhere casinos have been heavily criticized for their association with immoral behaviour problem gambling corruption and organized crime in this article i focus on two casinos in northern laos to address two research questions first i consider how casinos have come to exist within the remote border regions of one of asia s least developed countries here i discuss vice economies within the golden triangle region multi actor aspirations to boost transnational connectivity within continental southeast asia strengthening political economic relationships between laos and china and government of laos efforts to use foreign investment as a mechanism for increasing governance capacities in borderlands following this i critically analyse how in what ways and for whom casinos have brought development to laos here i focus specifically on the multifarious effects of casinos on the lives and livelihoods of local communities to argue that casino development has been informed by logics of expulsion and the establishment of new predatory formations to make this argument the article draws on four fieldwork visits to each of the casino sites between 2011 and 2015 desk based research and interviews with local residents casino staff and members of the government of laos", "title_raw": "Gambling on the Future: Casino Enclaves, Development, and Poverty Alleviation in Laos", "abstract_raw": "Following the extraordinary wealth generation of casinos in Macau and Singapore, governments and non-state actors across Southeast Asia have developed gambling establishments as a means to fast-track economic growth and stimulate national development. Yet, here and elsewhere, casinos have been heavily criticized for their association with immoral behaviour, problem gambling, corruption and organized crime. In this article I focus on two casinos in northern Laos to address two research questions. First, I consider how casinos have come to exist within the remote border regions of one of Asia\u2019s least developed countries. Here, I discuss vice economies within the Golden Triangle region, multi-actor aspirations to boost transnational connectivity within continental Southeast Asia, strengthening political-economic relationships between Laos and China, and Government of Laos efforts to use foreign investment as a mechanism for increasing governance capacities in borderlands. Following this, I critically analyse how, in what ways, and for whom, casinos have brought development to Laos. Here, I focus specifically on the multifarious effects of casinos on the lives and livelihoods of local communities to argue that casino development has been informed by logics of expulsion and the establishment of new predatory formations. To make this argument, the article draws on four fieldwork visits to each of the casino sites between 2011 and 2015, desk-based research, and interviews with local residents, casino staff and members of the Government of Laos." }, { "paper": "2339597964", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2017", "title": "academics and employers perceptions about responsibilities for employability and their initiatives towards its development", "label": [ "94625758", "2779011557", "2779910751", "39549134", "15302153", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2101750357", "2169634948" ], "reference": [ "26381150", "111625752", "172435464", "651969854", "1482767418", "1508692268", "1556124208", "1714723801", "1763336476", "1904438977", "1908845471", "1964418546", "1965777175", "1968828269", "1984700472", "1997999450", "2000015558", "2004810843", "2015150035", "2015620771", "2018988902", "2022222896", "2026841445", "2037927353", "2041206597", "2044698572", "2048458361", "2059656629", "2069052641", "2081121368", "2086123924", "2087143050", "2087205850", "2107093473", "2116355764", "2130401397", "2131248598", "2139432828", "2145538993", "2188298584", "2254193280", "2266472601", "2334779627", "2487206701", "2798162684", "2976082982", "2977094586" ], "abstract": "this paper reports the results of preliminary research into how portuguese academics and employers perceive the responsibility of different higher education stakeholders students teaching staff higher education institutions employers and policy makers for developing graduate employability the study was conducted 8 years after the implementation of the bologna process the reform that placed employability firmly on the agenda of higher education institutions heis in portugal this paper aims to assess the extent to which higher education is held responsible for developing employability and to characterize the activities undertaken by the two actors to achieve that end in particular with respect to academics we characterize curricular and other changes to study programmes and with respect to employers their participation in activities undertaken by heis meant to ease the transition of students to the labour market the data comes from a survey responded to by 684 portuguese academics and 64 employers academics and employers alike were found to attribute high responsibility for developing employability to higher education suggesting that the political message of the bologna process regarding the relation between higher education and the labour market has been assimilated however the activities reported by both types of respondents indicate only an average commitment to developing employability here the low participation of employers in internal institutional activities is noteworthy suggesting that the recognition of employers as stakeholders in higher education as advocated by policy makers has yet to happen in portugal", "title_raw": "Academics\u2019 and employers\u2019 perceptions about responsibilities for employability and their initiatives towards its development", "abstract_raw": "This paper reports the results of preliminary research into how Portuguese academics and employers perceive the responsibility of different higher education stakeholders\u2014students, teaching staff, higher education institutions, employers, and policy-makers\u2014for developing graduate employability. The study was conducted 8 years after the implementation of the Bologna Process, the reform that placed employability firmly on the agenda of higher education institutions (HEIs) in Portugal. This paper aims to assess the extent to which higher education is held responsible for developing employability, and to characterize the activities undertaken by the two actors to achieve that end. In particular, with respect to academics, we characterize curricular and other changes to study programmes, and, with respect to employers, their participation in activities undertaken by HEIs meant to ease the transition of students to the labour market. The data comes from a survey responded to by 684 Portuguese academics and 64 employers. Academics and employers alike were found to attribute high responsibility for developing employability to higher education, suggesting that the political message of the Bologna Process regarding the relation between higher education and the labour market has been assimilated. However, the activities reported by both types of respondents indicate only an average commitment to developing employability. Here, the low participation of employers in internal institutional activities is noteworthy, suggesting that the recognition of employers as stakeholders in higher education, as advocated by policy-makers, has yet to happen in Portugal." }, { "paper": "2766083049", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2017", "title": "the new politics of russia interpreting change", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2111225723" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The new politics of Russia: interpreting change", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2616367087", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2017", "title": "crisis of trust socio economic determinants of europeans confidence in government", "label": [ "94625758", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2902489379", "1422842245" ], "reference": [ "1677355571", "1713131204", "1807369250", "1989517976", "2038256132", "2062662966", "2098146914", "2111866110", "2115992286", "2118597252", "2123233982", "2128120880", "2133462484", "2143499841", "2163493657", "2234195984", "2316662493", "2410315639", "2510318609", "3122159635", "3123629052" ], "abstract": "europeans confidence in political institutions has dropped precipitously since the onset of the euro crisis in 2009 the decline in trust in government varies across countries and occupational and educational groups economic factors explain much of the cross national and over time variation the baseline level of trust is influenced by a person s position in the labor market across european countries citizens with more education and higher levels of skills trust government more than those educational and occupational groups that have benefited less from european integration residents of debtor countries with high unemployment rates are also much less likely to trust national government than those in creditor countries that have fared better during the economic crisis while the unemployed have lost faith in government to a greater degree than other parts of the population cultural ideational and political factors remain important for baseline levels of trust but cannot explain the acute asymmetr", "title_raw": "Crisis of trust: Socio-economic determinants of Europeans\u2019 confidence in government:", "abstract_raw": "Europeans\u2019 confidence in political institutions has dropped precipitously since the onset of the Euro-crisis in 2009. The decline in trust in government varies across countries and occupational and educational groups. Economic factors explain much of the cross-national and over-time variation. The baseline level of trust is influenced by a person\u2019s position in the labor market: across European countries, citizens with more education and higher levels of skills trust government more than those educational and occupational groups that have benefited less from European integration. Residents of debtor countries with high unemployment rates are also much less likely to trust national government than those in creditor countries that have fared better during the economic crisis, while the unemployed have lost faith in government to a greater degree than other parts of the population. Cultural, ideational, and political factors remain important for baseline levels of trust, but cannot explain the acute, asymmetr..." }, { "paper": "2758921823", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "u k science seeks a new and special relationship with the eu", "label": [ "2778614268" ], "author": [ "2711806977" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "U.K. science seeks \u2018a new and special relationship with the EU\u2019", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2594729726", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2017", "title": "disability a neglected issue in greece s refugee camps", "label": [ "173145845", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2699795371" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Disability\u2014a neglected issue in Greece's refugee camps", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3122082891", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2017", "title": "women s political empowerment a new global index 1900 2012", "label": [ "94625758", "20555606", "2775923278", "513891491", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2169640682", "1994207371", "2115864315", "2649581662" ], "reference": [ "432903644", "586815161", "592557066", "1485505707", "1509380488", "1518026111", "1527802674", "1531347886", "1535803599", "1607251666", "1870533521", "1914891687", "1938472878", "1964016752", "1971334151", "1972052339", "1973596970", "1984076033", "1988808772", "2002248623", "2006413776", "2006616785", "2008006339", "2011495481", "2012591093", "2017799319", "2022220920", "2023808005", "2027455771", "2029930047", "2032942773", "2036051387", "2048104434", "2054170813", "2059401593", "2059569472", "2061483724", "2067923395", "2069744833", "2080165656", "2084209946", "2087746523", "2094897463", "2098696376", "2099393405", "2105488691", "2106983378", "2116800951", "2116907068", "2117701253", "2122995027", "2125271894", "2126445950", "2127799276", "2132222729", "2132582836", "2133738535", "2135497302", "2142058667", "2144772291", "2146956268", "2146959151", "2147574293", "2149897917", "2151945946", "2157323610", "2163787203", "2168472604", "2170433190", "2170791163", "2171347100", "2172071179", "2182764345", "2298087606", "2314273779", "2315118545", "2317193965", "2328745648", "2337002970", "2339879593", "2412729499", "2442305074", "2565569929", "2621878161", "2896501592", "3024364391", "3121372941", "3122810476" ], "abstract": "summary the political empowerment of women is a societal process crucial to development and progress the v dem women s political empowerment index wpei provides information about women s civil liberties civil society participation and political participation globally spanning from 1900 to 2012 three dimensions of empowerment and over 170 countries it is among the most comprehensive measures of women s empowerment available this paper presents a conceptualization of women s political empowerment and provides an overview of the construction of the index and operationalization of its three sub dimensions women s civil liberties civil society participation and political participation compared to other indices measuring women s empowerment such as the gdi the gem the gii and the ciri data on human rights the v dem index allows more precise measurement and is superior in temporal scope and coverage of countries of the global south the paper demonstrates the benefits of this new index and its sub dimensions through several empirical illustrations", "title_raw": "Women\u2019s Political Empowerment: A New Global Index, 1900-2012", "abstract_raw": "Summary The political empowerment of women is a societal process crucial to development and progress. The V-Dem women\u2019s political empowerment index (WPEI) provides information about women\u2019s civil liberties, civil society participation, and political participation globally. Spanning from 1900 to 2012, three dimensions of empowerment, and over 170 countries, it is among the most comprehensive measures of women\u2019s empowerment available. This paper presents a conceptualization of women\u2019s political empowerment and provides an overview of the construction of the index and operationalization of its three sub-dimensions: Women\u2019s civil liberties, civil society participation, and political participation. Compared to other indices measuring women\u2019s empowerment, such as the GDI, the GEM, the GII, and the CIRI data on human rights, the V-Dem index allows more precise measurement and is superior in temporal scope and coverage of countries of the Global South. The paper demonstrates the benefits of this new index and its sub-dimensions through several empirical illustrations." }, { "paper": "2620415113", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2017", "title": "in retrospect global health estimated over two decades", "label": [ "160735492", "46578552" ], "author": [ "2003357257" ], "reference": [ "105318348", "2019823288", "2104964350", "2108361166", "2112334970", "2143495459", "2528187983", "2538722675" ], "abstract": "reliably measuring global health is a huge challenge four papers published in 1997 laid foundations for future global health estimates but despite subsequent advances better integration of data systems and models is still needed", "title_raw": "In Retrospect: Global health estimated over two decades.", "abstract_raw": "Reliably measuring global health is a huge challenge. Four papers published in 1997 laid foundations for future global-health estimates, but, despite subsequent advances, better integration of data systems and models is still needed." }, { "paper": "2557196789", "venue": "48869744", "year": "2017", "title": "a lab experiment on committee hearings preferences power and a quest for information", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "3013012959" ], "reference": [ "939291536", "1572079635", "1800722477", "1996253299", "2014602527", "2025924449", "2030197407", "2075047239", "2082339550", "2083307720", "2110184842", "2110468633", "2127010684", "2136289704", "2149278722", "2149961401", "2313969516", "2314927165", "2330217662", "2335175875", "2499135872", "3123705694", "3124490143", "3124691065", "3124739511" ], "abstract": "2016 washington university in st louis in principle committees hold hearings to gather and provide information to their principals but some hearings are characterized as political showcases this article investigates conditions that moderate committee members incentives to hold an informative hearing by presenting a game theoretic model and a lab experiment specifically it studies when committees hold hearings and which types of hearing they hold by varying policy preferences of committee members and the principal and political gains from posturing findings provide new insights to how preferences and power distribution affect individuals incentives to be informed when they make decisions as members of a committee in many contexts", "title_raw": "A Lab Experiment on Committee Hearings: Preferences, Power, and a Quest for Information", "abstract_raw": "\u00a9 2016 Washington University in St. Louis In principle, committees hold hearings to gather and provide information to their principals, but some hearings are characterized as political showcases. This article investigates conditions that moderate committee members' incentives to hold an informative hearing by presenting a game-theoretic model and a lab experiment. Specifically, it studies when committees hold hearings and which types of hearing they hold by varying policy preferences of committee members and the principal and political gains from posturing. Findings provide new insights to how preferences and power distribution affect individuals' incentives to be informed when they make decisions as members of a committee in many contexts." }, { "paper": "2744731917", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2017", "title": "constructing an international community", "label": [ "55447825", "189261614", "2776310101", "2779872411", "2776424047" ], "author": [ "2156562083" ], "reference": [ "4667448", "104378995", "128059550", "196044654", "595126738", "602704444", "633585694", "644782876", "658123798", "979416089", "1487946112", "1489672447", "1493155712", "1517219977", "1524162620", "1529166245", "1540248999", "1544917376", "1566186221", "1603398430", "1607774489", "1858207329", "1919859838", "1963756504", "1970176283", "1979006078", "1985411960", "1987844342", "2001544649", "2013392442", "2040938887", "2044501229", "2049455642", "2051418324", "2057187605", "2077269754", "2079766991", "2081256960", "2095676284", "2099100186", "2101131832", "2102986348", "2110357999", "2115411156", "2123831532", "2129560319", "2156449135", "2156540570", "2156833809", "2159691769", "2163717926", "2168265566", "2209074600", "2312536205", "2318436590", "2322520808", "2322706238", "2331610470", "2345249945", "2467428818", "2487368188", "2499690683", "2514821528", "2528349172", "2795724202", "2796554849", "2796558631", "2797936460", "2924499770", "3086307878", "3121232352", "3121285197", "3121292350", "3121299265", "3121501059", "3121665685", "3121762484", "3121881716", "3122056534", "3122174201", "3122230345", "3122547080", "3122751640", "3122842439", "3122914616", "3122930377", "3123289466", "3123326524", "3123487763", "3123506263", "3123511739", "3123801280", "3123824794", "3124050855", "3124346636", "3124594805", "3125272475", "3125598152", "3125711348", "3126076765", "3126135286", "3187097875" ], "abstract": "what unites states and other global actors around a shared governance project how does the group what i will call an international community coalesce and stay engaged in the enterprise a frequent assumption is that an international community is cemented by its members commonalities and depleted by their intractable disagreements this article critiques that assumption and presents as an alternative a theory that accounts for the combined integration and discord that actually characterize most global governance associations i argue that conflict especially conflict that manifests in law is not necessarily corrosive to an international community to the contrary it often is a unifying force that helps constitute and fortify the community and support the governance project as such international legal conflict can have systemic value for the global order even when it lacks substantive resolution the implications for the design and practice of international law are far reaching", "title_raw": "Constructing an International Community", "abstract_raw": "What unites states and other global actors around a shared governance project? How does the group\u2014what I will call an \u201cinternational community\u201d\u2014coalesce and stay engaged in the enterprise? A frequent assumption is that an international community is cemented by its members\u2019 commonalities and depleted by their intractable disagreements. This article critiques that assumption and presents, as an alternative, a theory that accounts for the combined integration and discord that actually characterize most global governance associations. I argue that conflict, especially conflict that manifests in law, is not necessarily corrosive to an international community. To the contrary, it often is a unifying force that helps constitute and fortify the community and support the governance project. As such, international legal conflict can have systemic value for the global order, even when it lacks substantive resolution. The implications for the design and practice of international law are far-reaching." }, { "paper": "2564652778", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2017", "title": "malnutrition in yemen an invisible crisis", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2027982526", "209096022", "2566157557", "2009714349", "2046138429" ], "reference": [ "2219849186", "2805641698" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Malnutrition in Yemen: an invisible crisis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2550191028", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2017", "title": "institutions governmental performance and the rise of political newcomers", "label": [ "197487636", "201342494", "555826173", "148834064", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2810234263" ], "reference": [ "1540624329", "1648610269", "1982561415", "1988004177", "1992599616", "2002846354", "2005376861", "2011544729", "2013895181", "2024225232", "2030874192", "2058863953", "2063757851", "2099646421", "2105465494", "2124703213", "2126934377", "2128632503", "2149458473", "2321289126", "2335468615", "3125937743" ], "abstract": "this article analyses the institutional and contextual factors that facilitate the election of political newcomers as heads of government in democratic regimes using data from 870 democratic elections between 1945 and 2015 it is found that political newcomers are more likely to be successful in presidential systems in new democracies and when party systems are weakly institutionalised the election of politically inexperienced candidates is also related to governmental performance political newcomers are more successful when the economic performance of the government is bad and when the government engages in high level corruption", "title_raw": "Institutions, governmental performance and the rise of political newcomers", "abstract_raw": "This article analyses the institutional and contextual factors that facilitate the election of political newcomers as heads of government in democratic regimes. Using data from 870 democratic elections between 1945 and 2015, it is found that political newcomers are more likely to be successful in presidential systems, in new democracies and when party systems are weakly institutionalised. The election of politically inexperienced candidates is also related to governmental performance. Political newcomers are more successful when the economic performance of the government is bad and when the government engages in high-level corruption." }, { "paper": "2794862494", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2017", "title": "review of wang zheng finding women in the state a socialist feminist revolution in the people s republic of china 1949 1964", "label": [ "2776398702", "2777256092", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2279322104" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of Wang Zheng, Finding Women in the State: A socialist feminist revolution in the People's Republic of China, 1949-1964", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2737159509", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2017", "title": "multinational corporations in world development 40 years on", "label": [ "169437150", "158016649", "55447825" ], "author": [ "2279886552" ], "reference": [ "376552562", "650293751", "926179095", "1536270150", "1554087571", "1887603273", "2075141374", "2075893402", "2109592502", "2119699096", "2226115735", "2254985118", "2266281911", "2298592303", "2313900815", "2342616948", "2347910407", "2523840839", "2569725487", "2589712634", "2904091366", "3124005494", "3136071072" ], "abstract": "abstractin light of the 2014 ecuador sponsored resolution at the un human rights council to examine the link between transnational corporations and human rights in this paper i review the first major discussion at the united nations of the role of multinational corporations the report on multinational corporations in world development 1973 for the un department of economic and social affair launched the then new un centre on transnational corporations i examine the report in some detail compare and contrast this with the ecuadorian resolution from 2014 and reflect on the continuities and changes in attempts to regulate the conduct of global corporations over the 40 years between these two moments", "title_raw": "Multinational Corporations in World Development:40 years on", "abstract_raw": "AbstractIn light of the 2014 Ecuador-sponsored resolution at the UN Human Rights Council to examine the link between Transnational Corporations and Human Rights, in this paper I review the first major discussion at the United Nations of the role of multinational corporations. The report on Multinational Corporations in World Development (1973) for the UN Department of Economic and Social affair launched the (then) new UN Centre on Transnational Corporations. I examine the report in some detail, compare and contrast this with the Ecuadorian resolution from 2014, and reflect on the continuities and changes in attempts to regulate the conduct of global corporations over the 40 years between these two moments." }, { "paper": "2606731464", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2017", "title": "between rural youth and empire social and emotional dynamics of youth mobilization in the countryside of colonial taiwan under japan s total warbetween rural youth and empire", "label": [ "531593650", "129047720", "156708679", "2778495208" ], "author": [ "2518750276" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Between \u201cRural Youth\u201d and Empire: Social and Emotional Dynamics of Youth Mobilization in the Countryside of Colonial Taiwan under Japan\u2019s Total WarBetween \u201cRural Youth\u201d and Empire", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2566853285", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2017", "title": "larger and more law abiding the impact of enlargement on compliance in the european union", "label": [ "3020650785", "2779670255", "2781205572", "199539241", "2776398702", "46295352" ], "author": [ "2116392582", "52866120" ], "reference": [ "929867", "130364202", "1483699943", "1501250910", "1510251250", "1519984953", "1575307928", "1672672473", "1754386344", "1879038396", "1956658203", "1964353122", "1975773573", "1980102556", "1985079322", "1988630874", "1991257939", "2002616065", "2014509955", "2019566739", "2036598331", "2040658661", "2047478587", "2071077211", "2084324692", "2084943180", "2096569296", "2102699682", "2106181696", "2115015864", "2118971735", "2127881944", "2129313581", "2135809867", "2148627986", "2153031274", "2327175725", "2472052233", "2475437514", "2586594121", "2586715980", "2587475138", "2587703329", "2764852273", "2764910314", "3124283101" ], "abstract": "abstractalthough enlargement increases the preference diversity in the european union eu this paper shows that enlargement has not led to a deterioration of compliance with eu law in three of the eu s four enlargement rounds the new member states comply better with eu law than the old member states the southern enlargement in the 1980s is the only one that led to a substantial increase in non compliance particularly surprising for the main compliance theories which focus on state power adjustment costs administrative capacities or legitimacy is the good performance of the post communist central and eastern european new member states after the eastern enlargement in the 2000s our analysis suggests that the use of pre accession conditionality in the eastern enlargement explains why these new members perform so well unlike their southern counterparts who faced equally unfavourable country level conditions for compliance", "title_raw": "Larger and more law abiding? The impact of enlargement on compliance in the European Union", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACTAlthough enlargement increases the preference diversity in the European Union (EU), this paper shows that enlargement has not led to a deterioration of compliance with EU law. In three of the EU\u2019s four enlargement rounds, the new member states comply better with EU law than the old member states. The Southern enlargement in the 1980s is the only one that led to a substantial increase in non-compliance. Particularly surprising for the main compliance theories, which focus on state power, adjustment costs, administrative capacities or legitimacy, is the good performance of the post-communist Central and Eastern European new member states after the Eastern enlargement in the 2000s. Our analysis suggests that the use of pre-accession conditionality in the Eastern enlargement explains why these new members perform so well \u2013 unlike their Southern counterparts who faced equally unfavourable country-level conditions for compliance." }, { "paper": "2625522126", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2017", "title": "a flawed plan for afghanistan", "label": [ "199539241", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2641792695" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Flawed Plan for Afghanistan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2620510481", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2017", "title": "a close look at china s rise", "label": [ "191935318", "151719136" ], "author": [ "2197989260" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A close look at China's rise", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2460745556", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2017", "title": "emancipated party members examining ideological incongruence within political parties", "label": [ "2776967331", "158071213", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2054959276", "2089344409" ], "reference": [ "562263512", "583951963", "643605967", "817272964", "1506626744", "1804799955", "1963539272", "1966196111", "1975001262", "1980746870", "1983170190", "1983684785", "1988693302", "1989332748", "2018972251", "2027530221", "2063757851", "2083390881", "2088202552", "2089314759", "2092298252", "2093116845", "2093256621", "2096916277", "2099921486", "2106407170", "2106446399", "2108361872", "2128096974", "2140058647", "2144464222", "2148782280", "2157147095", "2166579813", "2170921340", "2171559074", "2462429170", "2471896857", "2610752990", "3122632962" ], "abstract": "party members across european democracies exercise increasing influence on parties policy platforms or personnel choices this article investigates ideological in congruence on the left right spectrum between members and their parties by drawing on a party membership survey of more than 10 000 individuals across seven political parties in sweden the results show that around two thirds of members are not perfectly congruent with their party in a two step analysis the article argues that emancipated members with higher political interest and with a more independent self conception are more comfortable being ideologically incongruent with their party we also provide evidence that ideological incongruence matters for members exit voice and loyalty behaviour it is associated with a more negative evaluation of the party leader voice and with a higher probability to either vote for another party loyalty or even to leave the current one exit the findings indicate that ideological incongruence wi", "title_raw": "Emancipated party members: Examining ideological incongruence within political parties", "abstract_raw": "Party members across European democracies exercise increasing influence on parties\u2019 policy platforms or personnel choices. This article investigates ideological (in)congruence on the left\u2013right spectrum between members and their parties by drawing on a party membership survey of more than 10,000 individuals across seven political parties in Sweden. The results show that around two-thirds of members are not perfectly congruent with their party. In a two-step analysis, the article argues that emancipated members, with higher political interest and with a more independent self-conception, are more comfortable being ideologically incongruent with their party. We also provide evidence that ideological incongruence matters for members\u2019 exit, voice and loyalty behaviour. It is associated with a more negative evaluation of the party leader (voice) and with a higher probability to either vote for another party (loyalty) or even to leave the current one (exit). The findings indicate that ideological incongruence wi..." }, { "paper": "1997889348", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2017", "title": "the parliamentary election in lithuania october 2016", "label": [ "59742305", "2781440851", "3116431", "3640955", "45184978", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2265616842" ], "reference": [ "1925504877", "2095720674" ], "abstract": "abstract the aim of the article is to discuss the context and results of the parliamentary election in lithuania that took place in october 2016 this paper will present a brief review of the general results of all elections to the parliament seimas since 1990 and introduce the development of the electoral system employed for the last parliamentary election then the article will overview the profiles of parties and coalitions that participated in the election in 2016 and evaluate the electoral campaign finally i will shed light on the outcome electoral indices and the aftermath of the 2016 parliamentary election", "title_raw": "The parliamentary election in Lithuania, October 2016", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The aim of the article is to discuss the context and results of the parliamentary election in Lithuania that took place in October 2016. This paper will present a brief review of the general results of all elections to the parliament ( Seimas) since 1990 and introduce the development of the electoral system employed for the last parliamentary election. Then the article will overview the profiles of parties and coalitions that participated in the election in 2016 and evaluate the electoral campaign. Finally, I will shed light on the outcome, electoral indices and the aftermath of the 2016 parliamentary election." }, { "paper": "2752007704", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2017", "title": "the stakeholder model paradox how the globalisation of politics fuels domestic advocacy", "label": [ "176239081", "94625758", "2776359362", "201305675", "2119116", "2776310101" ], "author": [ "1959688554", "2112737311" ], "reference": [ "25140950", "71451902", "234617993", "428941898", "571896531", "589849471", "597305621", "624256757", "636151713", "1487946112", "1493766657", "1498654781", "1517373750", "1531115071", "1555558806", "1573406745", "1756610045", "1863699034", "1968930421", "1988041281", "1997141739", "1997222271", "1997557816", "2000821669", "2001029568", "2007102278", "2023738108", "2023827092", "2026705047", "2034803801", "2039978890", "2045993219", "2047805497", "2053998061", "2055840857", "2057542631", "2071775357", "2079643502", "2103481605", "2105784897", "2110388278", "2110978299", "2120946983", "2122278410", "2122925434", "2123375970", "2125952025", "2128692703", "2133174430", "2134202496", "2136741862", "2145964211", "2146698345", "2152094263", "2155424107", "2158616796", "2159064086", "2162961414", "2163217723", "2168548398", "2170963297", "2177960837", "2213939333", "2278376796", "2316210246", "2540857706", "3121563370", "3122896559", "3124005494", "3124915420" ], "abstract": "one of the central assumptions underlying the stakeholder model is that strengthened opportunities for involvement of non state actors in political procedures hold significant promise for making those procedures more democratically legitimate however recent studies show that more open international organisations ios are not perceived as more legitimate by non state actors in this article we explore one potential reason to explain this apparent paradox investigating whether and under what conditions strengthened opportunities of stakeholder involvement enable the effective representation of global constituencies the article shows that globalisation and politicisation of ios go hand in hand with greater political activity by non state actors defending domestic rather than global interests globalisation and politicisation may thus contribute to the exponential growth of the community of non state actors active at ios but they do not make such community more globalised in nature the article also illustrates that granting greater access to stakeholders in international institutions can somehow mitigate the effects of this underlying structural factors and that institutional openness disproportionally fosters political activity by civic rather than business global stakeholders we advance these arguments relying on a novel dataset including over eight thousand organisations active at the un climate conferences and the wto ministerial conferences", "title_raw": "The stakeholder model paradox : How the globalisation of politics fuels domestic advocacy", "abstract_raw": "One of the central assumptions underlying the stakeholder model is that strengthened opportunities for involvement of non-state actors in political procedures hold significant promise for making those procedures more democratically legitimate. However, recent studies show that more open international organisations (IOs) are not perceived as more legitimate by non-state actors. In this article we explore one potential reason to explain this apparent paradox, investigating whether, and under what conditions, strengthened opportunities of stakeholder involvement enable the effective representation of global constituencies. The article shows that globalisation and politicisation of IOs go hand in hand with greater political activity by non-state actors defending domestic, rather than global, interests. Globalisation and politicisation may thus contribute to the exponential growth of the community of non-state actors active at IOs, but they do not make such community more globalised in nature. The article also illustrates that granting greater access to stakeholders in international institutions can somehow mitigate the effects of this underlying structural factors, and that institutional openness disproportionally fosters political activity by civic, rather than business, global stakeholders. We advance these arguments relying on a novel dataset including over eight thousand organisations active at the UN climate conferences and the WTO Ministerial Conferences." }, { "paper": "2773988367", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2017", "title": "padraig riley slavery and the democratic conscience political life in jeffersonian america", "label": [ "3234755", "94625758", "10180917", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2810569975" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Padraig Riley. Slavery and the Democratic Conscience: Political Life in Jeffersonian America.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2620035186", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "activists battle u s government in court over making animal welfare reports public", "label": [ "148834064", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2711806977" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Activists battle U.S. government in court over making animal welfare reports public", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2770673117", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2017", "title": "state of rebellion violence and intervention in the central african republic by louisa lombard london zed books 2016 pp 287 12 hbk", "label": [ "65117487", "2776398702", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2647841134" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "State of Rebellion: Violence and Intervention in the Central African Republic by Louisa Lombard London: Zed Books, 2016. Pp. 287. \u00a312 (hbk).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2747437060", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2017", "title": "backrooms and beyond partisan advisers and the politics of policy work in canada jonathan craft toronto university of toronto press 2016 pp 328", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2284143494" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Backrooms and Beyond: Partisan Advisers and the Politics of Policy Work in Canada Jonathan Craft Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016, pp. 328.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2743665260", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2017", "title": "immigration politics by proxy state agency in an era of national reluctance", "label": [ "70036468", "111141941", "204207695", "94625758", "2778680907" ], "author": [ "2633451648" ], "reference": [ "33999968", "630893282", "656129438", "1973121469", "1989196169", "2009551958", "2019847742", "2045241406", "2048930578", "2114722590", "2118912701", "2124905280", "2131588653", "2132805217", "2170657244", "2176753532", "2740116665", "2742666663", "2744876272", "3121485752", "3122787831" ], "abstract": "while attempts to reform immigration policy have stalled in the u s congress statehouses across the country are responsible for an explosion in immigration lawmaking this study uses an intergove", "title_raw": "Immigration politics by proxy: state agency in an era of national reluctance", "abstract_raw": "While attempts to reform immigration policy have stalled in the U.S. Congress, statehouses across the country are responsible for an explosion in immigration lawmaking. This study uses an intergove..." }, { "paper": "2668361945", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2017", "title": "what s left unsaid in group solidarity and ethnic and racial differences in opposition to immigration in the united states", "label": [ "70036468", "2780641677", "2780668109", "137403100" ], "author": [ "2904409323", "2054271304" ], "reference": [ "100464260", "189094596", "590685657", "600972880", "607871435", "644253664", "645324123", "648950958", "1553034523", "1553523290", "1558484812", "1966850535", "1968812459", "1980352827", "1984945731", "1990367268", "1998223925", "2012679078", "2018667521", "2021024427", "2029466943", "2032053961", "2035321875", "2041223402", "2068385981", "2081066739", "2092327776", "2094397907", "2094603337", "2099274242", "2103560939", "2106482715", "2116085436", "2123802880", "2124663736", "2130649638", "2134633904", "2139737507", "2144450384", "2145497835", "2148097311", "2151405152", "2151925669", "2156695888", "2158574981", "2163581193", "2320616603", "2323025989", "2489165867", "2970425355", "3022436861", "3111342982", "3121774280", "3121858651", "3121893471", "3124450065" ], "abstract": "do racial and ethnic characteristics of non immigrants play an important role in shaping attitudes toward immigrants in the u s using a 2010 survey experiment representative of the u s general p", "title_raw": "What\u2019s left unsaid? In-group solidarity and ethnic and racial differences in opposition to immigration in the United States", "abstract_raw": "Do racial and ethnic characteristics of non-immigrants play an important role in shaping attitudes toward immigrants in the U.S.? Using a 2010 survey experiment representative of the U.S. general p..." }, { "paper": "2604151934", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "the sad state of professional development programs for scientists", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2331038942" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The sad state of professional development programs for scientists", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2663154767", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2017", "title": "globalization and security relations across the taiwan strait in the shadow of china edited by ming chin monique chu and scott l kastner london and new york routledge 2015 xxiii 239 pp 38 00 isbn 978 1 138 23669 1", "label": [ "191935318", "2119116" ], "author": [ "2679634751" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Globalization and Security Relations across the Taiwan Strait: In the Shadow of China Edited by Ming-Chin Monique Chu and Scott L. Kastner London and New York: Routledge, 2015 xxiii + 239 pp. \u00a338.00 ISBN 978-1-138-23669-1", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2606927782", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2017", "title": "the promise of human rights constitutional government democratic legitimacy and international law by jamie mayerfeld philadelphia university of pennsylvania press 2016 320p 65 00 cloth 65 00 e book", "label": [ "3116431", "55447825", "169437150", "148834064", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2676824001" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Promise of Human Rights: Constitutional Government, Democratic Legitimacy, and International Law. By Jamie Mayerfeld. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016. 320p. $65.00 cloth, $65.00 e-book.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2724702550", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2017", "title": "gender versus culture debates and deb\u00e2cles feminisms interculturalism and the quebec charter of values", "label": [ "542530943", "2781316041", "2777351106", "512594552", "2777596936" ], "author": [ "2090984098" ], "reference": [ "41267269", "64664324", "105166922", "109438769", "169012471", "574737086", "595196277", "618774093", "619396106", "627178033", "632814140", "636874259", "1484172321", "1487323630", "1497582769", "1516104348", "1595622481", "1757533733", "1985921364", "1994871978", "2003394347", "2004867885", "2014157128", "2015897128", "2026084588", "2026810320", "2042441946", "2056582500", "2063548287", "2069029812", "2080024116", "2080793504", "2116242817", "2117120586", "2122075295", "2125710817", "2129877839", "2136582537", "2166540749", "2168937817", "2172153049", "2266457232", "2317063098", "2417778413", "2489858812", "2506381623", "2800621120", "2900017852", "3146083493", "3146719467" ], "abstract": "quebec s bill 60 or charter of values legislation prohibiting public officials from wearing religious symbols and garb provides a complicated case of a minority nation grappling with culture and gender while also illustrating the more contingent condition of canadian multiculturalism equality and feminisms quebec has adopted interculturalism versus multiculturalism moreover its multilayered women s movement remains a legitimate force unlike in the rest of canada despite the intricacies of these distinctive developments this article reveals how charter of values justifications asserted the quebec nation s distinctiveness and alleged egalitarian pre eminence over others not only homogenizing and instrumentalizing multiple cultures but also various feminisms yet when culture gender equality and feminisms become reified and essentialized through a strategic depiction of certain minority women s rights canada s already well worn claims to diversity and equality are further frayed both subnationally and nationally", "title_raw": "Gender versus Culture Debates and D\u00e9b\u00e2cles : Feminisms, Interculturalism and the Quebec Charter of Values", "abstract_raw": "Quebec's Bill 60 (or Charter of Values), legislation prohibiting public officials from wearing religious symbols and garb, provides a complicated case of a minority nation grappling with culture and gender, while also illustrating the more contingent condition of Canadian multiculturalism, equality and feminisms. Quebec has adopted interculturalism versus multiculturalism ; moreover, its multilayered women's movement remains a legitimate force, unlike in the rest of Canada. Despite the intricacies of these distinctive developments, this article reveals how Charter of Values justifications asserted the Quebec nation's distinctiveness and alleged egalitarian pre-eminence over others, not only homogenizing and instrumentalizing multiple cultures, but also various feminisms. Yet, when culture, gender equality and feminisms become reified and essentialized through a strategic depiction of certain minority women's rights, Canada's already well-worn claims to diversity and equality are further frayed both subnationally and nationally." }, { "paper": "2593279381", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2017", "title": "an undeliberate determinacy the changing migration strategies of polish migrants in the uk in times of brexit", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2090818789", "2414379866", "2170922319" ], "reference": [ "175678429", "594797453", "1490289489", "1574286068", "1714785915", "1855078725", "1959908113", "1959926406", "1965351476", "2014470496", "2021625132", "2038668866", "2051003317", "2078379820", "2081022841", "2093139777", "2101043334", "2101393996", "2109146326", "2138716813", "2149485019", "2156604814", "2184949838", "2185290342", "2230094283", "2303700668", "2333223976", "2377542579", "2461568908", "2966445142" ], "abstract": "this paper reformulates classical questions regarding the plans and strategies of polish migrants in the uk such as decisions to leave or remain in the host country or be deliberately indeterminate about future plans from a sociologically situated rights based perspective this approach considers migrants attitudes towards specific civic integration measures in a medium term time frame as well as in the new context created by the uk s vote to leave the eu based on the quantitative analysis of original survey data we investigate the factors behind polish migrants migration strategies and we argue that basic socio economic and demographic factors are inadequate on their own terms to explain future migration and civic integration plans instead we find that aspects such as interest in and awareness of one s rights as well as anxieties about the ability to maintain one s rights in the future are stronger determinants", "title_raw": "An \u2018undeliberate determinacy\u2019? The changing migration strategies of Polish migrants in the UK in times of Brexit", "abstract_raw": "This paper reformulates classical questions regarding the plans and strategies of Polish migrants in the UK \u2013 such as decisions to leave or remain in the host country, or be \u2018deliberately indeterminate\u2019 about future plans \u2013 from a sociologically situated \u2018rights-based\u2019 perspective. This approach considers migrants\u2019 attitudes towards specific \u2018civic integration\u2019 measures in a medium-term time frame, as well as in the new context created by the UK\u2019s vote to leave the EU. Based on the quantitative analysis of original survey data, we investigate the factors behind Polish migrants\u2019 migration strategies, and we argue that basic socio-economic and demographic factors are inadequate, on their own terms, to explain future migration and civic integration plans. Instead, we find that aspects such as interest in and awareness of one\u2019s rights, as well as anxieties about the ability to maintain one\u2019s rights in the future are stronger determinants." }, { "paper": "2766190643", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2017", "title": "the kurds the four wolves and the great powers", "label": [ "521449643" ], "author": [ "2147619175" ], "reference": [ "563899972", "589215378", "1554896083", "1596563356", "1986773111", "1987378401", "2034328075", "2068929805", "2069276983", "2086041601", "2152208592" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Kurds, the Four Wolves and the Great Powers", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2525121555", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2017", "title": "communication technology and reports on political violence cross national evidence using african events data", "label": [ "81631423", "3116431", "538316197", "2778814104", "203133693", "67363961", "2777162435" ], "author": [ "2192432272", "1896250559" ], "reference": [ "73088369", "332330092", "563993454", "593505429", "623746589", "800118843", "1521026934", "1551447068", "1563091572", "1599099336", "1841588334", "1917162680", "1928361905", "1967587989", "1967592332", "1975389025", "1980640828", "1985301246", "2004268364", "2007235860", "2007352806", "2020696297", "2026325395", "2028416373", "2032173475", "2045909224", "2046468340", "2048569019", "2058887530", "2061648968", "2072334238", "2075708635", "2075790651", "2091585384", "2098992971", "2100247013", "2106483804", "2110570763", "2115458102", "2119550795", "2123095505", "2125722625", "2127410863", "2128679882", "2128760309", "2130369456", "2130850880", "2132392393", "2140308441", "2149166749", "2149355000", "2170306305", "2170555686", "2170828558", "2257170838", "2332614439", "2415397672", "2495101280", "2522992703", "2564444464", "2802503707", "3122763283" ], "abstract": "the spread of internet and mobile phone access around the world has implications for both the processes of contentious politics and subsequent reporting of protest terrorism and war in this pape", "title_raw": "Communication Technology and Reports on Political Violence : Cross-national evidence using African events data", "abstract_raw": "The spread of internet and mobile phone access around the world has implications for both the processes of contentious politics and subsequent reporting of protest, terrorism, and war. In this pape ..." }, { "paper": "2612814856", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2017", "title": "egypt s failed war on terror", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2719847153" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Egypt's Failed War on Terror", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2749360235", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2017", "title": "don t blame us suburban liberals and the transformation of the democratic party by lily geismer princeton princeton university press 2015 392p 35 00 cloth 27 95 paper blazing the neoliberal trail urban political development in the united states and the united kingdom by timothy p r weaver philadelphia university of pennsylvania press 2016 360p 69 95", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2103705118" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Don\u2019t Blame Us: Suburban Liberals and the Transformation of the Democratic Party. By Lily Geismer. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. 392p. $35.00 Cloth, $27.95 Paper.Blazing the Neoliberal Trail: Urban Political Development in the United States and the United Kingdom. By Timothy P. R. Weaver. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016. 360p. $69.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2742527654", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2017", "title": "born to run our future depends on it", "label": [ "187651312", "2779958979", "46578552", "185618831" ], "author": [ "2346958192", "2426260901", "2051418271", "731722338" ], "reference": [ "1966551850", "1967848291", "1991382850", "2046650646", "2101111666", "2114538920", "2126599374", "2127771407", "2138368500", "2143709617", "2157899144", "2264179442", "2301714492", "2521435454", "2595593911", "2620307775" ], "abstract": "on the 6th may 2017 a kenyan distance runner ran the marathon in 2 00 25 at the monza racetrack italy although eliud kipchoge s time marks the fastest marathon ever run his performance cannot be considered an official world record currently at 2 02 57 because he benefited from unusual advantages eg car drafting and rotating pacemakers controversial running shoes yet this astonishing performance suggests that a sub 2 hour marathon under official conditions might not be so far away and demonstrates the remarkable capacity of the human body as exemplified by kipchoge s ability to endure a gruelling training regime 120 miles week at 2400 m in typically warm climes helping him achieve a performance previously considered impossible even more important are the lessons we can learn from a global health perspective", "title_raw": "Born to run: our future depends on it.", "abstract_raw": "On the 6th May 2017, a Kenyan distance runner ran the marathon in 2:00:25 at the Monza racetrack, Italy. Although Eliud Kipchoge's time marks the fastest marathon ever run, his performance cannot be considered an official world record (currently at 2:02:57) because he benefited from unusual advantages (eg, car drafting and rotating pacemakers, controversial running shoes). Yet, this astonishing performance suggests that a sub 2-hour marathon under official conditions might not be so far away and demonstrates the remarkable capacity of the human body, as exemplified by Kipchoge's ability to endure a gruelling training regime (>120 miles/week at ~2400 m) in typically warm climes, helping him achieve a performance previously considered impossible. Even more important are the lessons we can learn from a global health perspective." }, { "paper": "2527718502", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2017", "title": "from the constituent s eye experimental evidence on the district selection preferences of individuals", "label": [ "2778477362", "528161332", "94625758", "83009810", "3116431" ], "author": [ "1931890335", "2303846975", "2342772676" ], "reference": [ "54003137", "63590043", "178177854", "457204961", "1540100966", "1936420698", "2025641794", "2034669894", "2065683884", "2069810928", "2078223647", "2084374743", "2098430386", "2116995526", "2119298903", "2141708418", "2141977759", "2145440622", "2160234031", "2167576790", "2279053323", "2317693262", "2321233705", "2963719877", "3121221852", "3122078363" ], "abstract": "states have increasingly taken the process of redistricting out of the hands of elected legislators and placed it with the public the shift is in part driven by a concern that legislators are motivated to partition districts to advantage their own and their political party s electoral prospects whereas citizens are not we know little however about the preferences of the public when it comes to redistricting one party based argument is that individuals should prefer to share a district with as many like minded partisans as possible to maximize their legislative representation whereas other arguments suggest that nonpartisan factors such as sharing a district with their community may be more important using a novel experimental design we find that for most participants the draw to share a district with copartisans is stronger than a preference for preserving a community county within the district even when participants are specifically instructed to attend to local jurisdictional boundaries", "title_raw": "From the Constituent\u2019s Eye Experimental Evidence on the District Selection Preferences of Individuals", "abstract_raw": "States have increasingly taken the process of redistricting out of the hands of elected legislators and placed it with the public. The shift is in part driven by a concern that legislators are motivated to partition districts to advantage their own and their political party\u2019s electoral prospects, whereas citizens are not. We know little, however, about the preferences of the public when it comes to redistricting. One party-based argument is that individuals should prefer to share a district with as many like-minded partisans as possible to maximize their legislative representation, whereas other arguments suggest that nonpartisan factors, such as sharing a district with their community, may be more important. Using a novel experimental design, we find that for most participants, the draw to share a district with copartisans is stronger than a preference for preserving a community (county) within the district even when participants are specifically instructed to attend to local jurisdictional boundaries." }, { "paper": "2746929082", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2017", "title": "response to damon v coletta s review of the politics of innovation why some countries are better than others at science and technology", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2271589250" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Response to Damon V. Coletta's review of The Politics of Innovation: Why Some Countries Are Better Than Others at Science and Technology", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2593514199", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "china s theft of u s trade secrets under scrutiny", "label": [ "191935318", "2776050585" ], "author": [ "1982451457" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China\u2019s theft of U.S. trade secrets under scrutiny", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2623804200", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2017", "title": "the territorial expansion of the colonial state evidence from german east africa 1890 1909", "label": [ "531593650", "2779175671", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "1890459217", "2095832161", "2614229419" ], "reference": [ "388283148", "561686183", "575211186", "640272996", "651578244", "653023626", "1483709124", "1508296537", "1511665033", "1511723828", "1525552202", "1533229311", "1584455918", "1594729142", "1829158409", "1914296565", "1972123116", "1975655465", "1978213954", "1987564960", "1989246932", "1994371014", "2011988155", "2013433610", "2013564485", "2022264870", "2034400920", "2050479562", "2062498196", "2063409779", "2066979365", "2068315237", "2078832713", "2094499137", "2095456486", "2097033531", "2113836778", "2120549297", "2124825646", "2127044165", "2128495008", "2136858795", "2137603881", "2146417624", "2157101101", "2164255149", "2165060880", "2181953792", "2204515155", "2773187124", "2795621450", "2802402771", "2885534337", "3022227647", "3047150307", "3121532354", "3122301572", "3124131699", "3199358490" ], "abstract": "what explains states sub national territorial reach while large parts of the state building literature have focused on national capabilities little is known about the determinants of the unevenness of state presence at the sub national level this article seeks to fill this gap by looking at early attempts at state building it investigates the processes of state penetration in the former colony of german east africa contrary to previous studies which largely emphasized antecedent or structural factors the current study argues that geographical patterns of state penetration have been driven by the state s strategic imperative to solidify control over territory and establish political stability the article tests these propositions using an original geo referenced grid cell dataset for the years 1890 to 1909 based on extensive historical records in german colonial yearbooks and maps", "title_raw": "The Territorial Expansion of the Colonial State : Evidence from German East Africa 1890-1909", "abstract_raw": "What explains states\u2019 sub-national territorial reach? While large parts of the state-building literature have focused on national capabilities, little is known about the determinants of the unevenness of state presence at the sub-national level. This article seeks to fill this gap by looking at early attempts at state building: it investigates the processes of state penetration in the former colony of German East Africa. Contrary to previous studies \u2013 which largely emphasized antecedent or structural factors \u2013 the current study argues that geographical patterns of state penetration have been driven by the state\u2019s strategic imperative to solidify control over territory and establish political stability. The article tests these propositions using an original, geo-referenced grid-cell dataset for the years 1890 to 1909 based on extensive historical records in German colonial yearbooks and maps." }, { "paper": "2586752083", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "grad students postdocs with u s visas face uncertainty", "label": [ "70036468", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2711806977", "2274243332" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "as u s courts temporarily shut down president donald trump9s ban on immigration from seven majority muslim countries last week graduates and postdoctoral students now in the united states weighed their options and tried to plan rationally in an unpredictable situation many are on student visas which depending on what the courts decide may not be renewable others are part of a post ph d program optional practical training which appears to be threatened by yet another trump executive order that was leaked to the media last week it is not clear whether or in what form the president will sign this draft executive order which also targets for examination the h 1b visa program that allows skilled scientists to work in the united states for up to 6 years", "title_raw": "Grad students, postdocs with U.S. visas face uncertainty.", "abstract_raw": "As U.S. courts temporarily shut down President Donald Trump9s ban on immigration from seven majority-Muslim countries last week, graduates and postdoctoral students now in the United States weighed their options and tried to\u00a0plan rationally in an\u00a0unpredictable situation. Many are on student visas, which, depending on what the courts decide, may not be renewable. Others are part of a post-Ph.D. program,\u00a0Optional Practical Training,\u00a0which appears to be threatened by yet another Trump executive order that was leaked to the media last week.\u00a0It is not clear whether or in what form the president will sign this draft executive order, which\u00a0also targets for\u00a0examination the H-1B visa program that allows skilled scientists to work in the United States for up to 6 years." }, { "paper": "2556150811", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2017", "title": "public health and public trust survey evidence from the ebola virus disease epidemic in liberia", "label": [ "148834064", "2777825026", "2778321746" ], "author": [ "2154069659", "2101443658", "2114178236" ], "reference": [ "579898874", "1235838730", "1502775703", "1541845842", "1886723030", "1966037961", "1983916587", "2009102509", "2036812059", "2040787044", "2043817641", "2047698905", "2055442465", "2055487337", "2070824928", "2081958455", "2091181652", "2092572089", "2093894194", "2127516664", "2132294909", "2135333105", "2146517807", "2157616407", "2161752078", "2201948746", "2238135038", "2333609143", "2399078464", "3013245291" ], "abstract": "trust in government has long been viewed as an important determinant of citizens compliance with public health policies especially in times of crisis yet evidence on this relationship remains scarce particularly in the developing world we use results from a representative survey conducted during the 2014 15 ebola virus disease evd epidemic in monrovia liberia to assess the relationship between trust in government and compliance with evd control interventions we find that respondents who expressed low trust in government were much less likely to take precautions against evd in their homes or to abide by government mandated social distancing mechanisms designed to contain the spread of the virus they were also much less likely to support potentially contentious control policies such as safe burial of evd infected bodies contrary to stereotypes we find no evidence that respondents who distrusted government were any more or less likely to understand evd s symptoms and transmission pathways while only correlational these results suggest that respondents who refused to comply may have done so not because they failed to understand how evd is transmitted but rather because they did not trust the capacity or integrity of government institutions to recommend precautions and implement policies to slow evd s spread we also find that respondents who experienced hardships during the epidemic expressed less trust in government than those who did not suggesting the possibility of a vicious cycle between distrust non compliance hardships and further distrust finally we find that respondents who trusted international non governmental organizations ingos were no more or less likely to support or comply with evd control policies suggesting that while ingos can contribute in indispensable ways to crisis response they cannot substitute for government institutions in the eyes of citizens we conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future public health crises", "title_raw": "Public health and public trust: Survey evidence from the Ebola Virus Disease epidemic in Liberia.", "abstract_raw": "Trust in government has long been viewed as an important determinant of citizens' compliance with public health policies, especially in times of crisis. Yet evidence on this relationship remains scarce, particularly in the developing world. We use results from a representative survey conducted during the 2014-15 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemic in Monrovia, Liberia to assess the relationship between trust in government and compliance with EVD control interventions. We find that respondents who expressed low trust in government were much less likely to take precautions against EVD in their homes, or to abide by government-mandated social distancing mechanisms designed to contain the spread of the virus. They were also much less likely to support potentially contentious control policies, such as \"safe burial\" of EVD-infected bodies. Contrary to stereotypes, we find no evidence that respondents who distrusted government were any more or less likely to understand EVD's symptoms and transmission pathways. While only correlational, these results suggest that respondents who refused to comply may have done so not because they failed to understand how EVD is transmitted, but rather because they did not trust the capacity or integrity of government institutions to recommend precautions and implement policies to slow EVD's spread. We also find that respondents who experienced hardships during the epidemic expressed less trust in government than those who did not, suggesting the possibility of a vicious cycle between distrust, non-compliance, hardships and further distrust. Finally, we find that respondents who trusted international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) were no more or less likely to support or comply with EVD control policies, suggesting that while INGOs can contribute in indispensable ways to crisis response, they cannot substitute for government institutions in the eyes of citizens. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future public health crises." }, { "paper": "2768264918", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2017", "title": "treaty exit and latin america s constitutional courts", "label": [ "87501996", "79638320", "2776949292", "55447825", "2778272461", "2779010840", "110346835", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2664055545", "2150635537" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "constitutional courts in latin america have used judicial review to enhance the relevance of international law in recent years some scholars even speak of a growing constitutionalization of international law in the region but these domestic courts can also act as gatekeepers that blunt or entirely deflect the domestic impact of international law this essay explores three recent episodes in which constitutional courts joined or led efforts to escape treaty obligations the venezuelan supreme court s judgment urging the chavez administration to denounce the american convention of human rights on constitutional grounds which chavez then did in 2012 a court inspired treaty exit the colombian executive s 2013 petition to have colombia s acceptance of the international court of justice s icj s jurisdiction under the pact of bogota declared unconstitutional a court legitimated treaty exit and the dominican republic dr constitutional tribunal s 2014 judgment holding that the dr s acceptance of the jurisdiction of the inter american court of human rights iacthr had been unconstitutional a court led treaty exit", "title_raw": "Treaty Exit and Latin America's Constitutional Courts", "abstract_raw": "Constitutional courts in Latin America have used judicial review to enhance the relevance of international law in recent years. Some scholars even speak of a growing \u201c constitutionalization of international law \u201d in the region. But these domestic courts can also act as gatekeepers that blunt or entirely deflect the domestic impact of international law. This essay explores three recent episodes in which constitutional courts joined or led efforts to escape treaty obligations: the Venezuelan Supreme Court's judgment urging the Chavez Administration to denounce the American Convention of Human Rights on constitutional grounds, which Chavez then did in 2012 (a court-inspired treaty exit); the Colombian executive's 2013 petition to have Colombia's acceptance of the International Court of Justice's (ICJ's) jurisdiction under the Pact of Bogota declared unconstitutional (a court-legitimated treaty exit); and the Dominican Republic (DR) Constitutional Tribunal's 2014 judgment holding that the DR's acceptance of the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) had been unconstitutional (a court-led treaty exit)." }, { "paper": "2742529577", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2017", "title": "iranian scientist to go on trial for espionage", "label": [ "558872910", "2780656516" ], "author": [ "1981203727" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Iranian scientist to go on trial for espionage", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2593310169", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2017", "title": "failed expectations quality of government and support for populist parties in europe", "label": [ "201342494", "526877150", "177324205", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2294579173" ], "reference": [ "67332667", "282601188", "572404875", "1163814443", "1488894227", "1545883838", "1569204172", "1592176171", "1861976667", "1919566967", "1966678443", "1972554302", "1987963854", "1992245020", "1999625018", "2000150100", "2011064905", "2012405306", "2021431068", "2022700082", "2028706401", "2030843909", "2031545505", "2042004776", "2044193474", "2050504332", "2057438835", "2069012951", "2072811755", "2073479826", "2079161473", "2080056892", "2083914252", "2089559945", "2100479245", "2121920773", "2123148076", "2129506486", "2131505475", "2134304653", "2134876030", "2136090427", "2139452202", "2141429406", "2146962676", "2147703902", "2149458473", "2151644732", "2157968420", "2158713743", "2162232232", "2168157886", "2482216357", "2496140161", "2541781630", "3122357827", "3124131699", "3149953018", "3165979999" ], "abstract": "this article addresses an issue previously neglected in the research on support for populist parties how do perceptions of the local quality of government qog and local service delivery affect voters propensity to vote for a populist party it argues that personal experience with poor qog makes voters more likely to support populist parties the argument highlights the interplay between supply and demand factors in explaining populist support and discusses why populist parties have been particularly successful in certain regions in europe a unique dataset from the quality of government institute that surveys citizens perception of qog in their area is used to estimate both individual and regional level models of the link between perceived local qog and populist support in europe the empirical results show a strong and robust association between within country variation in qog and support for populist parties", "title_raw": "Failed expectations: Quality of government and support for populist parties in Europe", "abstract_raw": "This article addresses an issue previously neglected in the research on support for populist parties: How do perceptions of the local quality of government (QoG) and local service delivery affect voters\u2019 propensity to vote for a populist party? It argues that personal experience with poor QoG makes voters more likely to support populist parties. The argument highlights the interplay between supply and demand factors in explaining populist support and discusses why populist parties have been particularly successful in certain regions in Europe. A unique dataset from the Quality of Government Institute that surveys citizens\u2019 perception of QoG in their area is used to estimate both individual- and regional-level models of the link between perceived local QoG and populist support in Europe. The empirical results show a strong and robust association between within-country variation in QoG and support for populist parties." }, { "paper": "2771574634", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2017", "title": "francoise montambeault 2016 the politics of local participatory democracy in latin america institutions actors and interactions stanford stanford university press", "label": [ "94625758", "3116431", "158886217" ], "author": [ "1781646665" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Fran\u00e7oise Montambeault 2016: The Politics of Local Participatory Democracy in Latin America: Institutions, Actors, and Interactions. Stanford: Stanford University Press", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2510177274", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2017", "title": "promising change delivering continuity redd as conservation fad", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2123812129", "2745592651", "2556327934", "2581975035" ], "reference": [ "59153552", "60689086", "329473098", "578071591", "597757997", "628668649", "771273046", "1187124691", "1485972320", "1489164518", "1513256807", "1514944892", "1518305182", "1533645425", "1571473863", "1583889278", "1604525614", "1738935226", "1740390021", "1848032868", "1904473669", "1969523019", "1970559816", "1992925306", "1995690803", "2001543067", "2002763101", "2005950029", "2012372036", "2020906202", "2021862370", "2024169410", "2027774628", "2029206096", "2036613291", "2037922714", "2040797737", "2043961794", "2056322246", "2056884697", "2062296088", "2066562045", "2075547224", "2079838457", "2080632915", "2085243971", "2089787191", "2091159904", "2092251114", "2096572228", "2096684817", "2097058425", "2099036154", "2101780457", "2123831532", "2126416729", "2137175274", "2137271717", "2143538975", "2148475893", "2148595801", "2153752592", "2164644625", "2166672709", "2169429463", "2170999918", "2175860439", "2254043369", "2270252055", "2272544545", "2274308020", "2289034514", "2291251860", "2480351444", "2486410417", "2898914016" ], "abstract": "summary redd is an ambition to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in the global south this ambition has generated unprecedented commitment of political support and financial funds for the forest development sector many academics and people centered advocacy organizations have conceptualized redd as an example of green grabbing and have voiced fears of a potential global rush for land and trees in this paper we argue that in practice and up until now redd resembles longstanding dynamics of the development and conservation industry where the promise of change becomes a discursive commodity that is constantly reproduced and used to generate value and appropriate financial resources we thus argue for a re conceptualization of redd as a conservation fad within the broader political economy of development and conservation we derive this argument from a study that compares the emergence of redd in tanzania with that of a previous forest policy model called participatory forest management our study describes how the advent of redd implies change at the discursive level but also continuity and repetitiveness in terms of the initial promises and expectations leading to substantial donor financing pilot project activities and policy development and implementation processes in both epochs these have achieved little in terms of changing actual forest management and use on the ground outside selected pilot project sites but have sustained the livelihoods of actors within the development and conservation industry including academics given that there are still many who look to redd in the hope of addressing global climate change despite less than hoped for financial support at the global level our study provides an important starting point for questioning the uses of the finances for redd that are actually amassed", "title_raw": "Promising change, delivering continuity:REDD+ as conservation fad", "abstract_raw": "Summary REDD+ is an ambition to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in the Global South. This ambition has generated unprecedented commitment of political support and financial funds for the forest-development sector. Many academics and people-centered advocacy organizations have conceptualized REDD+ as an example of \u201cgreen grabbing\u201d and have voiced fears of a potential global rush for land and trees. In this paper we argue that, in practice and up until now, REDD+ resembles longstanding dynamics of the development and conservation industry, where the promise of change becomes a discursive commodity that is constantly reproduced and used to generate value and appropriate financial resources. We thus argue for a re-conceptualization of REDD+ as a conservation fad within the broader political economy of development and conservation. We derive this argument from a study that compares the emergence of REDD+ in Tanzania with that of a previous forest-policy model called Participatory Forest Management. Our study describes how the advent of REDD+ implies change at the discursive level, but also continuity and repetitiveness in terms of the initial promises and expectations leading to substantial donor financing, pilot project activities, and policy development and implementation processes. In both epochs, these have achieved little in terms of changing actual forest management and use on the ground outside selected pilot project sites, but have sustained the livelihoods of actors within the development and conservation industry, including academics. Given that there are still many who look to REDD+ in the hope of addressing global climate change, despite less than hoped for financial support at the global level, our study provides an important starting point for questioning the uses of the finances for REDD+ that are actually amassed." }, { "paper": "2607582506", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2017", "title": "america can be first without china being last", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2624270464" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "America Can Be First Without China Being Last", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2571063879", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2017", "title": "water governance an historical perspective on current debates", "label": [ "44725695", "3116431", "552854447" ], "author": [ "1988575379", "2307604467" ], "reference": [ "14766180", "19505653", "186907997", "197162837", "295231137", "421806309", "591518997", "593150065", "781268371", "902803944", "1243709008", "1486900233", "1493098681", "1503205504", "1508438154", "1514913587", "1515863496", "1533239649", "1550639390", "1557961096", "1563866582", "1568981916", "1577725152", "1589981649", "1601090175", "1621479793", "1626577765", "1781029479", "1810459103", "1811535195", "1822064814", "1848171867", "1857658350", "1908409143", "1942656218", "1969446637", "1970718560", "1974552052", "1974832719", "1979556256", "1980058743", "1983797358", "1984958612", "1987735979", "1991134844", "1996392459", "1996492128", "1999167944", "2006818156", "2014168318", "2014573128", "2015053255", "2015148110", "2021277615", "2028892493", "2030917658", "2034994370", "2039322772", "2047973762", "2049004294", "2051966410", "2055030656", "2059344802", "2063116488", "2066060034", "2066082545", "2076353460", "2081566062", "2082073267", "2082202912", "2082901040", "2087124769", "2094145295", "2103068954", "2104246777", "2114317227", "2114484185", "2120490269", "2120767947", "2122540403", "2122875598", "2127628854", "2127868403", "2135439002", "2136153596", "2137424030", "2146799847", "2149064506", "2155133182", "2156133238", "2161950814", "2162116522", "2166417404", "2167250311", "2171820331", "2182076492", "2185206125", "2186885471", "2217476126", "2232144492", "2259491632", "2277200160", "2288034438", "2289969916", "2300068315", "2317424346", "2324464003", "2335084807", "2335507671", "2341183926", "2395747823", "2464557456", "2521551467", "2576580414", "2597279531", "2603849094", "2608466869", "2624855794", "2768447508", "2774325487", "2802496779", "2945493112", "2951127297", "2969729542", "2994140229", "3106572749", "3121604053", "3122955026", "3123587246", "3124506740", "3124563100", "3124943227", "3125105584", "3125659400" ], "abstract": "summary since the un water conference at mar del plata in 1977 there have been international debates about how water governance could and should respond to the challenges of sustainable development new global institutions were established to promote universal norms of governance based on the 1992 dublin principles and its version of integrated water resource management iwrm many of these prescriptions were contested not least because of their advocacy of market based approaches to address what were posed as challenges of scarcity and environmental sustainability the paper examines the drivers that have informed different conceptualisations of water governance it shows how scarcity has become central to narratives that sought to focus governance at the river basin scale to restrict water use in favour of the protection and restoration of water resource ecosystems and to prioritize economic efficiency through market mechanisms it then reviews the experience of a diverse set of countries some of which have implemented systemic governance reforms and others whose trajectories have been more evolutionary driven by domestic contexts these practical experiences supported by a growing understanding of polycentric approaches and how networks cross and link a range of geographic and administrative scales have given rise to alternatives to the normative iwrm river basin focused approaches to water governance despite continuing concerns about planetary environmental boundaries and transboundary security these are proving to be weak motivations for adoption of formal global systems of water governance instead new narratives emphasise locally diverse approaches that see water governed within problem sheds rather than water sheds water governance remains a scene of contestation between local and global criteria and developmental and environmental goals but in the face of challenges of complexity and diversity and the emerging understanding of network governance emerging practitioner oriented guidance is focusing on general principles and explicitly avoiding normative approaches", "title_raw": "Water Governance\u2014An Historical Perspective on Current Debates", "abstract_raw": "Summary Since the UN water conference at Mar del Plata in 1977, there have been international debates about how water governance could and should respond to the challenges of sustainable development. New global institutions were established to promote universal norms of governance based on the 1992 \u201cDublin Principles\u201d and its version of \u201cIntegrated Water Resource Management\u201d (IWRM). Many of these prescriptions were contested, not least because of their advocacy of market-based approaches to address what were posed as challenges of scarcity and environmental sustainability. The paper examines the drivers that have informed different conceptualisations of water governance. It shows how \u201cscarcity\u201d has become central to narratives that sought to focus governance at the river basin scale, to restrict water use in favour of the protection and restoration of water resource ecosystems and to prioritize economic efficiency through market mechanisms. It then reviews the experience of a diverse set of countries, some of which have implemented systemic governance reforms and others whose trajectories have been more evolutionary, driven by domestic contexts. These practical experiences, supported by a growing understanding of polycentric approaches and how networks cross and link a range of geographic and administrative scales, have given rise to alternatives to the normative IWRM, river basin-focused approaches to water governance. Despite continuing concerns about \u201cplanetary environmental boundaries\u201d and transboundary security, these are proving to be weak motivations for adoption of formal global systems of water governance. Instead, new narratives emphasise locally-diverse approaches that see water governed within \u201cproblem-sheds\u201d rather than \u201cwater-sheds\u201d. Water governance remains a scene of contestation between local and \u201cglobal\u201d criteria and developmental and environmental goals. But, in the face of challenges of complexity and diversity and the emerging understanding of network governance, emerging practitioner-oriented guidance is focusing on general principles and explicitly avoiding normative approaches." }, { "paper": "2769438973", "venue": "160686149", "year": "2017", "title": "ethnic stratification and the equilibrium of inequality ethnic conflict in postcolonial states", "label": [ "137403100", "2777593458", "156708679", "531593650", "189464175" ], "author": [ "2251220995" ], "reference": [ "273093436", "421391543", "560982143", "609263894", "619568661", "630586787", "653023626", "822117587", "1484647988", "1508296537", "1549977703", "1576387957", "1594729142", "1595673185", "1867612148", "1903041775", "1966209139", "1975716168", "1978831089", "1980111222", "1984280005", "1991669095", "1991750031", "2004256046", "2007352806", "2008749442", "2009595209", "2011654696", "2012578088", "2014612481", "2016455923", "2016604786", "2018793471", "2023384923", "2023777287", "2038631063", "2041563846", "2051402239", "2051909842", "2059539391", "2059828649", "2062498196", "2070283890", "2070300800", "2080313284", "2082408198", "2108421949", "2115698555", "2122882271", "2131830082", "2132509947", "2140650775", "2148334637", "2151780178", "2157310954", "2158935557", "2160446276", "2166029219", "2315413886", "2320155397", "2324440273", "2324798429", "2342283848", "2409352665", "2411895909", "2484934209", "2738699469", "3122074090", "3124131699", "3124488096", "3125554979", "3125937743", "3194347930" ], "abstract": "why are ethnic movements more likely to turn violent in some multiethnic countries than in others focusing on the long term legacies of european overseas colonialism i investigate the effect of distinct ethnic cleavage types on the consequences of ethnic group mobilization the colonial settler states and other stratified multiethnic states are characterized by an equilibrium of inequality in which historically marginalized groups lack both the organizational strength and the opportunities for armed rebellion in contrast ethnic mobilization in the decolonized states and other segmented multiethnic societies is more likely to trigger violent conflict i test these arguments in a global quantitative study from 1946 to 2009 using new data on the linguistic and religious segmentation of ethnic groups the results confirm that the extremely unequal colonial settler states experience less violence than the decolonized states and other multiethnic countries ethnic conflict is generally more likely the more segmented and less hierarchically structured multiethnic states are specifically stable between group hierarchies reduce the risk of governmental conflict whereas segmentation affects secessionist violence", "title_raw": "Ethnic Stratification and the Equilibrium of Inequality: Ethnic Conflict in Postcolonial States", "abstract_raw": "Why are ethnic movements more likely to turn violent in some multiethnic countries than in others? Focusing on the long-term legacies of European overseas colonialism, I investigate the effect of distinct ethnic cleavage types on the consequences of ethnic group mobilization. The colonial settler states and other stratified multiethnic states are characterized by an equilibrium of inequality in which historically marginalized groups lack both the organizational strength and the opportunities for armed rebellion. In contrast, ethnic mobilization in the decolonized states and other segmented multiethnic societies is more likely to trigger violent conflict. I test these arguments in a global quantitative study from 1946 to 2009, using new data on the linguistic and religious segmentation of ethnic groups. The results confirm that the extremely unequal colonial settler states experience less violence than the decolonized states and other multiethnic countries. Ethnic conflict is generally more likely the more segmented and less hierarchically structured multiethnic states are. Specifically, stable between-group hierarchies reduce the risk of governmental conflict, whereas segmentation affects secessionist violence." }, { "paper": "2599031412", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2017", "title": "europe as a normative model in the mediatised discourse of ukrainian political elites", "label": [ "2779030433", "94625758", "137549413", "2778407155", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2224067380" ], "reference": [ "1527030522", "1569356055", "1967372883", "1969387608", "1977651854", "1979047483", "1988729418", "1996292677", "2008536943", "2018647247", "2023184825", "2024123971", "2039362126", "2056281685", "2161586993", "2471420413", "2497791037", "2539652566", "2568466923", "3121165624", "3122731938", "3124392216" ], "abstract": "abstract europe has long been an essential marker in ukrainian public discourse its significance was strikingly apparent during the euromaidan protests with the very name reflecting the movement s european aspirations europe has been associated with polarisation in ukrainian political debates on national identity and foreign policy nevertheless europe evolved as a normative model in ukrainian public discourse throughout the 1990s and 2000s this essay argues that the normative model of europe was particularly reinforced by the mediatised discourse of ukrainian political elites in the years before euromaidan critical discourse analysis of popular ukrainian talk shows is presented as evidence", "title_raw": "\u2018Europe\u2019 as a Normative Model in the Mediatised Discourse of Ukrainian Political Elites", "abstract_raw": "Abstract\u2018Europe\u2019 has long been an essential marker in Ukrainian public discourse. Its significance was strikingly apparent during the Euromaidan protests, with the very name reflecting the movement\u2019s \u2018European aspirations\u2019. Europe has been associated with polarisation in Ukrainian political debates on national identity and foreign policy. Nevertheless, Europe evolved as a normative model in Ukrainian public discourse throughout the 1990s and 2000s. This essay argues that the normative model of Europe was particularly reinforced by the mediatised discourse of Ukrainian political elites in the years before Euromaidan. Critical discourse analysis of popular Ukrainian talk shows is presented as evidence." }, { "paper": "2601069521", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2017", "title": "personal responsibility and the end of welfare as we know it", "label": [ "111476811", "100243477" ], "author": [ "2628875465" ], "reference": [ "162052040", "276581913", "581481517", "635720867", "1010346060", "1552582966", "2015958526", "2016467453", "2034306838", "2040893360", "2118569291", "2316337475", "2320144272", "2480958365", "2798387761" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "\u201cPersonal Responsibility\u201d and the End of Welfare as We Know It", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2614037132", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2017", "title": "isolationist policies threaten public health", "label": [ "71750763", "173145845", "70036468", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2227679774", "2612028584" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "an editorial is presented which argues that u s president donald trump s isolationist policies are a threat to public health in places such as america and it mentions trump s views about the trans pacific partnership agreement the construction of a border wall between the u s and mexico and restrictions on the entry of immigrants and refugees into america the u s centers for disease control and prevention s strategies are examined along with quarantines and an ebola virus crisis", "title_raw": "Isolationist Policies Threaten Public Health", "abstract_raw": "An editorial is presented which argues that U.S. President Donald Trump's isolationist policies are a threat to public health in places such as America, and it mentions Trump's views about the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement, the construction of a border wall between the U.S. and Mexico, and restrictions on the entry of immigrants and refugees into America. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's strategies are examined, along with quarantines and an Ebola virus crisis." }, { "paper": "2769472300", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2017", "title": "contesting neoliberal urbanism on the european semi periphery the right to the city movement in croatia", "label": [ "28265690", "2780423321", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2060392961", "2464454512", "2692034161" ], "reference": [ "113511247", "244881707", "1408991106", "1511186454", "1533558196", "1547447973", "1869041468", "1971459314", "1972154251", "2014063599", "2022366945", "2023263241", "2032857401", "2070457579", "2078169056", "2112908401", "2123831643", "2134310663", "2143447090", "2150560456", "2154914877", "2163364947", "2197518983", "2250885956", "2333275790", "2477818903", "2490789108", "2618463973", "2694410874", "2762156022", "2914687824", "3010558769", "3166516275" ], "abstract": "this essay is a case study of the right to the city movement in croatia one of the largest citizens struggles in the country s recent history firstly we argue that the movement managed to avoid the supposedly unavoidable michels s iron law of oligarchy outlining the movement s trajectory in five phases we show how it always prioritised social impact over institutional self preservation secondly we analyse movement outcomes as viewed by activists in interviews with activists we establish features of evolving activist citizenship as well as ways in which participation in the movement influenced the forging of alliances among organisations and initiatives", "title_raw": "Contesting Neoliberal Urbanism on the European Semi-periphery: The Right to the City Movement in Croatia", "abstract_raw": "This essay is a case study of the Right to the City movement in Croatia, one of the largest citizens\u2019 struggles in the country\u2019s recent history. Firstly, we argue that the movement managed to avoid the supposedly unavoidable Michels\u2019s iron law of oligarchy. Outlining the movement\u2019s trajectory in five phases, we show how it always prioritised social impact over institutional self-preservation. Secondly, we analyse movement outcomes as viewed by activists. In interviews with activists we establish features of evolving activist citizenship as well as ways in which participation in the movement influenced the forging of alliances among organisations and initiatives." }, { "paper": "2607147673", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2017", "title": "public information officers social media monitoring during the zika virus crisis a global health threat surrounded by public uncertainty", "label": [ "2777042776", "46578552", "2780851881", "2778080475", "518677369", "39549134", "2776058685" ], "author": [ "2131397301" ], "reference": [ "2008888706", "2036291580", "2040040953", "2044143795", "2057045305", "2066598195", "2073941632", "2079059333", "2148174543", "2148565978", "2166326812", "2183459771", "2221997755", "2327238128", "2396779641", "2406229706", "2468798422", "2507285739", "2537021188", "2559096420", "2605875565", "2992193949", "3095336885" ], "abstract": "abstract as zika virus emerged as a global health concern in 2016 it was surrounded in public uncertainty regarding its transmission and health consequences health communicators were tasked with managing their own uncertainties and with incomplete information on the virus given the misinformation rumors and even conspiracy theories surrounding zika virus monitoring public awareness and understanding of the mysterious illness on social media could offer critical insight to crisis management a survey n 226 was conducted with public information officers pios at local public health departments across the united states to reveal how they utilize and listen to social media during public health crises in addition to an overall low rate of social media monitoring reported by pios troublesome disparities exist based on community size served however there were positive relationships between social media monitoring and satisfaction with overall departmental crisis management as well as preparedness for zika these and many other monitoring trends are explored", "title_raw": "Public information officers\u2019 social media monitoring during the Zika virus crisis, a global health threat surrounded by public uncertainty", "abstract_raw": "Abstract As Zika virus emerged as a global health concern in 2016, it was surrounded in public uncertainty regarding its transmission and health consequences. Health communicators were tasked with managing their own uncertainties and with incomplete information on the virus. Given the misinformation, rumors, and even conspiracy theories surrounding Zika virus, monitoring public awareness and understanding of the mysterious illness on social media could offer critical insight to crisis management. A survey ( n \u00a0=\u00a0226) was conducted with public information officers (PIOs) at local public health departments across the United States to reveal how they utilize and listen to social media during public health crises. In addition to an overall low rate of social media monitoring reported by PIOs, troublesome disparities exist based on community size served. However, there were positive relationships between social media monitoring and satisfaction with overall departmental crisis management as well as preparedness for Zika. These and many other monitoring trends are explored." }, { "paper": "2763413976", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "promoting human rights through science", "label": [ "169437150", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2586028718", "2649058043", "2962931897", "2761184087", "2164124552", "2762058500", "2158326891", "3049762677", "197956613", "2763954014", "2760862928", "2761595377", "2762259971", "2763173253", "2240479950", "2149302410", "2763621932", "2760961510", "2763704420", "2251704648", "2761752575", "2137987249" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "inspired by the work of the aaas science and human rights coalition aaas is the publisher of science we asked young scientists this question describe how applications of knowledge in your field information methodologies services and or products could support civil political economic", "title_raw": "Promoting human rights through science", "abstract_raw": "Inspired by the work of the AAAS Science and Human Rights Coalition (AAAS is the publisher of Science ), we asked young scientists this question: Describe how applications of knowledge in your field (information, methodologies, services, and/or products) could support civil, political, economic," }, { "paper": "3129782182", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2017", "title": "compte rendu stephen halsey quest for power european imperialism and the making of chinese statecraft", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2233483475" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "[Compte-rendu] Stephen Halsey, Quest for Power. European Imperialism and the Making of Chinese Statecraft", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2763740119", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2017", "title": "the promises realities and legacies of the bolshevik revolution 1917 2017", "label": [ "2779473830", "3116431", "2909449942" ], "author": [ "2197030472" ], "reference": [ "2727279023" ], "abstract": "the author comments on the public health effects of the bolshevik revolution in russia beginning in 1917 focusing of polices regarding the social factors of health and the zdravookhranenie state system of health protection", "title_raw": "The Promises, Realities, and Legacies of the Bolshevik Revolution, 1917\u20132017", "abstract_raw": "The author comments on the public health effects of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia beginning in 1917, focusing of polices regarding the social factors of health and the \"zdravookhranenie\" state system of health protection." }, { "paper": "2804034265", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2017", "title": "agency design and political control", "label": [ "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2169003226", "2126067586" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Agency Design and Political Control", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2616154840", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "a mobility boost for research", "label": [ "22467394" ], "author": [ "15984914", "1999129751", "2571184292" ], "reference": [ "1965663941", "2041432040" ], "abstract": "although scientists are highly internationally mobile it is not always clear if mobility is beneficial and if so in what circumstances our globsci project which surveyed 17 852 scientists working in 16 countries 1 1 allowed us to examine outcomes related to mobility across a wide array", "title_raw": "A mobility boost for research", "abstract_raw": "Although scientists are highly internationally mobile, it is not always clear if mobility is beneficial, and if so, in what circumstances. Our GlobSci project, which surveyed 17,852 scientists working in 16 countries ([ 1 ][1]), allowed us to examine outcomes related to mobility across a wide array" }, { "paper": "2588904086", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "the america i believe in", "label": [ "2779473830", "2780966255", "71750763" ], "author": [ "258959467" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this past week i was supposed to visit boston and new york city to meet with a pharmaceutical company about a potential partnership participate in a meeting for an international consortium of which i am an integral part and attend the annual meeting of a charitable foundation that supports some", "title_raw": "The America I believe in.", "abstract_raw": "This past week, I was supposed to visit Boston and New York City to meet with a pharmaceutical company about a potential partnership, participate in a meeting for an international consortium of which I am an integral part, and attend the annual meeting of a charitable foundation that supports some" }, { "paper": "2756570961", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2017", "title": "ethnic cleansing in myanmar the rohingya crisis and human rights", "label": [ "58929100", "169437150", "2909322583" ], "author": [ "1239724523", "1985929633" ], "reference": [ "2073054330", "2559234443" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ethnic cleansing in Myanmar: the Rohingya crisis and human rights.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2523035834", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2017", "title": "one in 20 the g20 middle powers and global governance reform", "label": [ "2780541349", "2776051254", "2781243023", "191935318", "2776310101" ], "author": [ "2136584368" ], "reference": [ "568704119", "583560457", "584605544", "1482564585", "1489329356", "1537464236", "1590935167", "1844452623", "1918819504", "1974112997", "2004644006", "2007930193", "2008042459", "2033037599", "2041954926", "2042427548", "2046245632", "2073409495", "2080794625", "2100666645", "2119014620", "2119990289", "2171942301", "2217103690", "2305797302", "2480576284" ], "abstract": "abstractthere is a growing consensus that the international system needs to be reformed to reflect the changing distribution of power with the rise of the brazil russia india and china brics the group of twenty g20 has been at the centre of these discussions within the g20 emphasis has been on great powers or rising powers and their capacity to drive reform less attention has been given to the preferences and strategies of middle powers in the g20 and their capacity to shape global governance reform drawing on interviews with g20 officials this paper considers the role of australia as president of the g20 in 2014 australia s presidency presents a unique opportunity to examine the behaviour of a middle power as it balances the competing global governance claims of the usa and the brics", "title_raw": "One in 20: the G20, middle powers and global governance reform", "abstract_raw": "AbstractThere is a growing consensus that the international system needs to be reformed to reflect the changing distribution of power with the rise of the Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs). The Group of Twenty (G20) has been at the centre of these discussions. Within the G20, emphasis has been on great powers or rising powers and their capacity to drive reform. Less attention has been given to the preferences and strategies of middle powers in the G20 and their capacity to shape global governance reform. Drawing on interviews with G20 officials, this paper considers the role of Australia as president of the G20 in 2014. Australia\u2019s presidency presents a unique opportunity to examine the behaviour of a middle power as it balances the competing global governance claims of the USA and the BRICs." }, { "paper": "2626571355", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2017", "title": "studying political settlements in africa", "label": [ "2781035477", "94625758", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2266026790", "2082638657", "2097661904" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Studying Political Settlements in Africa", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2776490472", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2017", "title": "tracey banivanua mar decolonisation and the pacific indigenous globalisation and the ends of empire", "label": [ "135544838", "2119116", "2778495208" ], "author": [ "2538620684" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Tracey Banivanua Mar. Decolonisation and the Pacific: Indigenous Globalisation and the Ends of Empire.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2763293331", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2017", "title": "spaces of the expelled as spaces of the urban commons analysing the re emergence of squatting initiatives in rome", "label": [ "69828861", "49427245", "3116431", "94625758", "123108692" ], "author": [ "2676632085" ], "reference": [ "8755438", "1506643722", "1523963278", "1537718688", "1560219877", "1576177147", "1597242079", "1770522267", "1959391639", "1972154251", "1995103548", "1996026716", "1998829610", "2007507216", "2010796528", "2015141803", "2018652993", "2035007602", "2037893480", "2042890704", "2043446730", "2060256692", "2060478542", "2060620696", "2063917516", "2078789041", "2104463367", "2104884222", "2105013571", "2112225368", "2119910835", "2126389607", "2130047962", "2135167672", "2140263270", "2141343506", "2148422627", "2150560456", "2155937161", "2159916087", "2160121969", "2163810948", "2164385767", "2164516221", "2165491962", "2166024736", "2167775844", "2168039099", "2169937780", "2320035350", "2346303135", "2483248563" ], "abstract": "asserting the need to acknowledge the role of the current crisis and austerity politics in fostering the re emergence of squatting initiatives in rome this article brings together the literature on squatting as an urban social movement notably martinez lopez s holistic approach with a political economy perspective analysing the current stage of late neoliberalism in so doing i use the conceptualization of expulsions developed by sassen to show how emerging squatting initiatives in rome represent the spaces of the expelled focusing on the case of communia in san lorenzo neighbourhood the article shows how martinez lopez s approach is able to account for the rapid success and support enjoyed by communia going as it does beyond the single issue perspective that has dominated much of the squatting literature indeed the main claims addressed by communia activists concern a plurality of issues grouped around the concept of urban commons as both a practice and a goal methodologically the article is the result of 18 months of fieldwork based on an activist participatory action research par approach comprising participant observation observant participation in depth interviews and questionnaires", "title_raw": "Spaces of the Expelled as Spaces of the Urban Commons? Analysing the Re-emergence of Squatting Initiatives in Rome", "abstract_raw": "Asserting the need to acknowledge the role of the current crisis and austerity politics in fostering the re-emergence of squatting initiatives in Rome, this article brings together the literature on squatting as an urban social movement, notably Martinez Lopez's holistic approach, with a political economy perspective analysing the current stage of \u2018late neoliberalism\u2019. In so doing, I use the conceptualization of \u2018expulsions\u2019 developed by Sassen to show how emerging squatting initiatives in Rome represent the \u2018spaces of the expelled\u2019. Focusing on the case of Communia in San Lorenzo neighbourhood, the article shows how Martinez Lopez's approach is able to account for the rapid success and support enjoyed by Communia, going as it does beyond the \u2018single-issue\u2019 perspective that has dominated much of the squatting literature. Indeed, the main claims addressed by Communia activists concern a plurality of issues grouped around the concept of urban commons, as both a practice and a goal. Methodologically, the article is the result of 18 months of fieldwork based on an activist/participatory action research (PAR) approach, comprising participant observation/observant participation, in-depth interviews and questionnaires." }, { "paper": "2768205941", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2017", "title": "containment through mobility migrants spatial disobediences and the reshaping of control through the hotspot system", "label": [ "2778571376" ], "author": [ "693965288" ], "reference": [ "642279375", "1509712403", "1549326817", "1898557994", "1964983078", "1976035101", "1980765697", "2013653890", "2043337309", "2072282786", "2124246355", "2147994298", "2245521421", "2294374807", "2473369714", "2479049192", "2531622026", "2768344469", "2895130711", "2897683923", "2953195729", "3154739585" ], "abstract": "abstractthis article deals with the modes of contested control that are at play at the mediterranean frontier for containing dividing and discipling unruly mobility building on ethnographic research conducted on the island of lesvos and of lampedusa it focuses on the implementation and the functioning of the hotspot system in greece and in italy analysing beyond the fences of detention centres and by looking at the broader logistics of channels infrastructures and governmental measures deployed for regaining control over migration movements the article argues that more than control in terms of surveillance and tracking the hotspot system contributes to enforce forms of containment through mobility that consists in controlling migration by obstructing decelerating and troubling migrants geographies more than in fully blocking them the article takes into account migrants refusals of being fingerprinted showing how migrants radically unsettle the association between seeking refuge and lack of", "title_raw": "Containment through mobility: migrants\u2019 spatial disobediences and the reshaping of control through the hotspot system", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACTThis article deals with the modes of (contested) control that are at play at the Mediterranean frontier for containing, dividing and discipling unruly mobility. Building on ethnographic research conducted on the island of Lesvos and of Lampedusa, it focuses on the implementation and the functioning of the Hotspot System in Greece and in Italy, analysing beyond the fences of detention centres and by looking at the broader logistics of channels, infrastructures and governmental measures deployed for regaining control over migration movements. The article argues that more than control in terms of surveillance and tracking, the Hotspot System contributes to enforce forms of containment through mobility that consists in controlling migration by obstructing, decelerating and troubling migrants\u2019 geographies \u2013 more than in fully blocking them. The article takes into account migrants\u2019 refusals of being fingerprinted, showing how migrants radically unsettle the association between seeking refuge and lack of..." }, { "paper": "2164789401", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2017", "title": "the collaboration between interest groups and political parties in multi party democracies party system dynamics and the effect of power and ideology", "label": [ "2776568539", "199539241", "2776051254", "94625758", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2283279880", "2198938513" ], "reference": [ "187323818", "629868082", "646342423", "1504705384", "1504915371", "1565589301", "1572678568", "1572987293", "1598625933", "1911444389", "1967562562", "1999082685", "2009729418", "2011612105", "2014607560", "2018972251", "2045882795", "2047911472", "2054226649", "2062240790", "2062641695", "2065265744", "2069922251", "2085284396", "2101895544", "2105262882", "2107075364", "2107153153", "2112167127", "2112905039", "2116529610", "2124466110", "2132179358", "2152554062", "2246162010", "2317332452", "2322090641", "2329423875", "2357171560", "2490817558", "2734542517", "3122310094" ], "abstract": "whereas many advanced democracies have a long standing tradition of collaboration between parties and interest groups it is still contested what drives such collaboration linking data on politica", "title_raw": "The collaboration between interest groups and political parties in multi-party democracies : Party system dynamics and the effect of power and ideology", "abstract_raw": "Whereas many advanced democracies have a long-standing tradition of collaboration between parties and interest groups, it is still contested what drives such collaboration. Linking data on politica..." }, { "paper": "2735880308", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2017", "title": "tirthankar roy and anand v swamy law and the economy in colonial india chicago and london university of chicago press 2016 pp xii 240 8 figs 3 maps 15 tabs isbn 9780226387642 hbk 31 50 45", "label": [ "531593650" ], "author": [ "2089242820" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Tirthankar Roy and Anand V. Swamy, Law and the economy in colonial India (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2016. Pp. xii+240. 8 figs. 3 maps. 15 tabs. ISBN 9780226387642 Hbk. \u00a331.50/$45)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2761626618", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2017", "title": "how truth wins in opinion dynamics along issue sequences", "label": [ "2779816988", "2777026412" ], "author": [ "2255982538", "344364166" ], "reference": [ "1556348243", "1917537886", "1972492863", "1974268640", "1991413970", "1992606038", "1993865115", "1998692453", "2001149155", "2027514326", "2033512477", "2048562435", "2049469292", "2053507997", "2058105398", "2063597719", "2072859085", "2073859315", "2086645750", "2114747139", "2151621121", "2158803465", "2414538002", "2534090929", "2799088120", "2963343300", "3083024126", "3102373080", "3104530023" ], "abstract": "how truth wins in social groups is an important open problem classic experiments on social groups dealing with truth statement issues present mixed findings on the conditions of truth abandonment and reaching a consensus on the truth no theory has been developed and evaluated that might integrate these findings with a mathematical model of the interpersonal influence system that alters some or all of its members positions on an issue in this paper we provide evidence that a general model in the network science on opinion dynamics substantially clarifies how truth wins in groups", "title_raw": "How truth wins in opinion dynamics along issue sequences", "abstract_raw": "How truth wins in social groups is an important open problem. Classic experiments on social groups dealing with truth statement issues present mixed findings on the conditions of truth abandonment and reaching a consensus on the truth. No theory has been developed and evaluated that might integrate these findings with a mathematical model of the interpersonal influence system that alters some or all of its members' positions on an issue. In this paper we provide evidence that a general model in the network science on opinion dynamics substantially clarifies how truth wins in groups." }, { "paper": "2583650130", "venue": "99767407", "year": "2017", "title": "strategies of nuclear proliferation how states pursue the bomb", "label": [ "2779872411", "194110935", "545171759", "509929229" ], "author": [ "2005613419" ], "reference": [ "55286135", "79919511", "189842732", "592218461", "592328496", "612642253", "617739734", "619520341", "627264775", "1534647504", "1580041041", "1645988639", "1859217318", "1873404098", "1892932416", "1911065256", "1982579431", "1983544157", "2000700250", "2031197705", "2035029604", "2051969964", "2057179617", "2061292529", "2066678986", "2070042550", "2075225899", "2079677167", "2089833493", "2090963107", "2098680422", "2124470871", "2127955909", "2130791487", "2135284358", "2135849699", "2148281238", "2150453489", "2163030167", "2163713221", "2166696798", "2287672094", "2325663310", "2489112223", "3124300793", "3186510970" ], "abstract": "how do states pursue nuclear weapons why do they select particular strategies to develop them and how do these choices affect the international community s ability to prevent nuclear proliferation the bulk of the proliferation literature focuses on why states want nuclear weapons the question of how they pursue them however has largely been ignored this question is important because how states try to acquire nuclear weapons their strategies of nuclear proliferation affects their likelihood of success and thus the character of the nuclear landscape four strategies of proliferation are available to states hedging sprinting hiding and sheltered pursuit nuclear acquisition theory explains why a proliferator might select one strategy over the others at a given time empirical codings from the universe of nuclear pursuers combined with a detailed plausibility probe of india s long march to acquiring nuclear weapons including novel details establish the analytical power of the theory different strategies of proliferation offer different opportunities and vulnerabilities for nuclear proliferation and nonproliferation with signiacant implications for international security", "title_raw": "Strategies of Nuclear Proliferation: How States Pursue the Bomb", "abstract_raw": "How do states pursue nuclear weapons? Why do they select particular strategies to develop them, and how do these choices affect the international community\u2019s ability to prevent nuclear proliferation? The bulk of the proliferation literature focuses on why states want nuclear weapons. The question of how they pursue them, however, has largely been ignored. This question is important because how states try to acquire nuclear weapons\u2014their strategies of nuclear proliferation\u2014affects their likelihood of success and thus the character of the nuclear landscape. Four strategies of proliferation are available to states: hedging, sprinting, hiding, and sheltered pursuit. Nuclear acquisition theory explains why a proliferator might select one strategy over the others at a given time. Empirical codings from the universe of nuclear pursuers, combined with a detailed plausibility probe of India\u2019s long march to acquiring nuclear weapons\u2014including novel details\u2014establish the analytical power of the theory. Different strategies of proliferation offer different opportunities and vulnerabilities for nuclear proliferation and nonproliferation, with signiacant implications for international security." }, { "paper": "2747618620", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2017", "title": "exposure to rising inequality shapes americans opportunity beliefs and policy support", "label": [ "2776268001", "109986646", "148592440", "158071213", "552438157" ], "author": [ "2714530958", "2749827773", "2118148797", "605816025" ], "reference": [ "614917022", "1519909474", "1538555726", "1578511997", "1849190772", "1981366067", "1986214948", "2006202811", "2010229138", "2016561445", "2023431550", "2077208391", "2098662075", "2106840841", "2120385966", "2122216841", "2122945750", "2127653011", "2132422417", "2133153768", "2133875312", "2161196381", "2171114985", "2253995745", "2301926123", "2319335958", "2336271831", "2397719342", "2401836676", "2490362664", "2491685120", "2535336403", "2554705909", "2568848529", "2594479846", "2949175104", "3121647034" ], "abstract": "economic inequality has been on the rise in the united states since the 1980s and by some measures stands at levels not seen since before the great depression although the strikingly high and rising level of economic inequality in the nation has alarmed scholars pundits and elected officials alike research across the social sciences repeatedly concludes that americans are largely unconcerned about it considerable research has documented for instance the important role of psychological processes such as system justification and american dream ideology in engendering americans relative insensitivity to economic inequality the present work offers and reports experimental tests of a different perspective the opportunity model of beliefs about economic inequality specifically two convenience samples study 1 n 480 and study 2 n 1 305 and one representative sample study 3 n 1 501 of american adults were exposed to information about rising economic inequality in the united states or control information and then asked about their beliefs regarding the roles of structural e g being born wealthy and individual e g hard work factors in getting ahead in society i e opportunity beliefs they then responded to policy questions regarding the roles of business and government actors in reducing economic inequality rather than revealing insensitivity to rising inequality the results suggest that rising economic inequality in contemporary society can spark skepticism about the existence of economic opportunity in society that in turn may motivate support for policies designed to redress economic inequality", "title_raw": "Exposure to rising inequality shapes Americans' opportunity beliefs and policy support.", "abstract_raw": "Economic inequality has been on the rise in the United States since the 1980s and by some measures stands at levels not seen since before the Great Depression. Although the strikingly high and rising level of economic inequality in the nation has alarmed scholars, pundits, and elected officials alike, research across the social sciences repeatedly concludes that Americans are largely unconcerned about it. Considerable research has documented, for instance, the important role of psychological processes, such as system justification and American Dream ideology, in engendering Americans' relative insensitivity to economic inequality. The present work offers, and reports experimental tests of, a different perspective-the opportunity model of beliefs about economic inequality. Specifically, two convenience samples (study 1, n = 480; and study 2, n = 1,305) and one representative sample (study 3, n = 1,501) of American adults were exposed to information about rising economic inequality in the United States (or control information) and then asked about their beliefs regarding the roles of structural (e.g., being born wealthy) and individual (e.g., hard work) factors in getting ahead in society (i.e., opportunity beliefs). They then responded to policy questions regarding the roles of business and government actors in reducing economic inequality. Rather than revealing insensitivity to rising inequality, the results suggest that rising economic inequality in contemporary society can spark skepticism about the existence of economic opportunity in society that, in turn, may motivate support for policies designed to redress economic inequality." }, { "paper": "2766258000", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2017", "title": "memory and justice in post genocide rwanda", "label": [ "139621336", "204342414" ], "author": [ "2694873710" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Memory and justice in post-genocide Rwanda", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2598294539", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2017", "title": "trust trump and the turnout a marketers point of view", "label": [ "39549134", "2779838221" ], "author": [ "2684322831" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the election of donald trump as president of the united states was considered shocking for many pundits and political communication scientists nonetheless the success of mr trump was predictable from a marketing point of view this article tells a narrative about how two campaigns connected differently with people the rhetorical and media techniques of trump enabled him to connect with working class folks from middle america in contrast the face of the hillary campaign did not connect well with this segment of the population", "title_raw": "Trust, Trump, and the Turnout: A Marketers Point of View:", "abstract_raw": "The election of Donald Trump as President of the United States was considered shocking for many pundits and political-communication scientists. Nonetheless, the success of Mr. Trump was predictable from a marketing point of view. This article tells a narrative about how two campaigns connected differently with people. The rhetorical and media techniques of Trump enabled him to connect with working-class folks from \u201cMiddle America.\u201d In contrast, the face of the Hillary campaign did not connect well with this segment of the population." }, { "paper": "2754939026", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2017", "title": "leveraging interest to decrease rural health disparities in the united states", "label": [ "2779958979", "129047720" ], "author": [ "2077400690", "2939989545" ], "reference": [ "2129283428" ], "abstract": "the article discusses issues in rural health disparities and public health in the u s in relation to rising mortality in rural areas topics include the lack of public health investment in rural areas of the u s the impact of social and economic problems in rural areas and research contained in the chartbook the 2014 update of the rural urban chartbook", "title_raw": "Leveraging Interest to Decrease Rural Health Disparities in the United States.", "abstract_raw": "The article discusses issues in rural health disparities and public health in the U.S. in relation to rising mortality in rural areas. Topics include the lack of public health investment in rural areas of the U.S., the impact of social and economic problems in rural areas, and research contained in the chartbook \"The 2014 Update of the Rural-Urban Chartbook.\"" }, { "paper": "2612180643", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2017", "title": "intelligence and the presidency", "label": [ "2781243023", "2781145704", "3116431", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2042913274" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Intelligence and the Presidency", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2615675852", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2017", "title": "public relations in an online environment discourse description of social media in kuwaiti organizations", "label": [ "2777617010", "96089941", "518677369", "68151297", "67037518", "39549134", "116314809" ], "author": [ "2118367212", "2620165670" ], "reference": [ "65139460", "349675285", "626040392", "1658908529", "1966479879", "1969858253", "1980165883", "1996145215", "1996225761", "1996898723", "2034435403", "2056095447", "2069948932", "2078662969", "2095132751", "2101572321", "2121583048", "2138826065", "2144621909", "2148824733", "2187360007", "2244827983", "2246305230", "2414558881", "2901687836", "3004712110", "3022452870", "3022607203", "3124692420" ], "abstract": "abstract public relations pr practitioners strongly believe that social media are changing the way pr is practiced while it is premature to confirm the change previous research has found that pr practitioners remain trialing with social media for purposes related to organizational communication by conducting in depth interviews with 19 practitioners from corporate governmental and non profit organizations in kuwait this qualitative study aims to understand how kuwaiti organizations use social media to achieve pr objectives the advantages and barriers pr practitioners face when using them as well as the extent whether or not social media have changed pr kuwaiti organizations were found to use twitter and instagram the most for promotion and information dissemination but the use is generally occasional and reactive extending the organizations reach and popularity of social media among kuwaitis were the main advantages for using this type of media while lack of social media strategy lack of technical skills and confusion of the two way communication approach were the main barriers a new finding can be added to the literature where insufficient educational background was found to contribute to the practitioners reluctance to adopt and adapt to using social media as to any causing change to pr the respondents believe that social media have broadened the field and have made organizations look less official and more mainstream in the popular culture the implications of the findings suggest the need for a strategic approach in terms of purpose roles responsibilities policies and guidelines toward the management of social media between higher management and pr practitioners improvements to pr curriculum and practicum are also needed to integrate communication technologies into pr practice", "title_raw": "Public relations in an online environment: Discourse description of social media in Kuwaiti organizations", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Public relations (PR) practitioners strongly believe that social media are changing the way PR is practiced. While it is premature to confirm the change, previous research has found that PR practitioners remain trialing with social media for purposes related to organizational communication. By conducting in-depth interviews with 19 practitioners from corporate, governmental and non-profit organizations in Kuwait, this qualitative study aims to understand how Kuwaiti organizations use social media to achieve PR objectives, the advantages and barriers PR practitioners face when using them as well as the extent whether or not social media have changed PR. Kuwaiti organizations were found to use Twitter and Instagram the most for promotion and information dissemination, but the use is generally occasional and reactive. Extending the organizations\u2019 reach and popularity of social media among Kuwaitis were the main advantages for using this type of media, while lack of social media strategy, lack of technical skills, and confusion of the two-way communication approach were the main barriers. A new finding can be added to the literature where insufficient educational background was found to contribute to the practitioners\u2019 reluctance to adopt and adapt to using social media. As to any causing change to PR, the respondents believe that social media have broadened the field and have made organizations look less official and more mainstream in the popular culture. The implications of the findings suggest the need for a strategic approach in terms of purpose, roles, responsibilities, policies and guidelines toward the management of social media between higher management and PR practitioners. Improvements to PR curriculum and practicum are also needed to integrate communication technologies into PR practice." }, { "paper": "2772811822", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2017", "title": "what is xi jinping afraid of", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2105885740" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "What Is Xi Jinping Afraid Of", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2600369659", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2017", "title": "gates foundation announces open access publishing venture", "label": [ "151719136", "2780966255" ], "author": [ "2126046128" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Gates Foundation announces open-access publishing venture", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2808450908", "venue": "49968029", "year": "2017", "title": "parentelas grupos dirigentes e aliancas politicas", "label": [ "158071213", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2086846341", "2426228526" ], "reference": [ "575393050", "1539998460", "1666002392", "1964525742", "2031084467", "2039802153", "2147078448", "2149677968", "2253894218", "2589724927" ], "abstract": "this article uses the concept of parentelas as an heuristic contribution that allows us to understand the central role of the social ties and alliances in the making of the leadership groups our approach aims to provide elements for change the debates about politicization as a consequence of separation and interference between distinct and autonomous activity orders this perspective demands pay greater attention to the description of the multiple forms of political domination and organization and especially the rupture with the cleavages and antagonisms between societies based on eurocentric presuppositions and ideologies", "title_raw": "Parentelas, grupos dirigentes e alian\u00e7as pol\u00edticas", "abstract_raw": "This article uses the concept of \u201cparentelas\u201d as an heuristic contribution that allows us to understand the central role of the social ties and alliances in the making of the leadership groups. Our approach aims to provide elements for change the debates about politicization as a consequence of separation and interference between distinct and autonomous activity orders. This perspective demands pay greater attention to the description of the multiple forms of political domination and organization, and especially the rupture with the cleavages and antagonisms between societies based on Eurocentric presuppositions and ideologies." }, { "paper": "2755016158", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "pay up or retract drug survey spurs conflict", "label": [ "2779777834", "199539241", "42027317", "34974158" ], "author": [ "2754458119" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "over the past decade public health specialist donald morisky of the university of california los angeles has moved aggressively to enforce his copyright on a questionnaire he developed that examines how likely it is that a patient will adhere to a recommended drug regimen together with a colleague he has demanded payments of as much as tens of thousands of dollars each from hundreds of researchers who have used morisky9s scale and threatened to force the retraction of papers if the alleged infringers don9t pay morisky is well within his legal rights to seek the payments but observers say morisky9s vigorous enforcement and the size of his demands stand out at least two teams have withdrawn papers rather than pay other authors have resisted questioning the ethics and legality of the requests which one researcher has called absurd and predatory but morisky says he is just trying to make sure the tool is used properly and notes that he has allowed researchers to administer the survey more than 1 million times for free", "title_raw": "Pay up or retract? Drug survey spurs conflict", "abstract_raw": "Over the past decade, public health specialist Donald Morisky of the University of California, Los Angeles, has moved aggressively to enforce his copyright on a questionnaire he developed that examines how likely it is that a patient will adhere to a recommended drug regimen. Together with a colleague, he has demanded payments of as much as tens of thousands of dollars each from hundreds of researchers who have used Morisky9s scale, and threatened to force the retraction of papers if the alleged infringers don9t pay. Morisky is well within his legal rights to seek the payments. But observers say Morisky9s vigorous enforcement and the size of his demands stand out. At least two teams have withdrawn papers rather than pay. Other authors have resisted, questioning the ethics and legality of the requests, which one researcher has called \"absurd and predatory.\" But Morisky says he is just trying to make sure the tool is used properly, and notes that he has allowed researchers to administer the survey more than 1 million times for free." }, { "paper": "2748012253", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2017", "title": "from the war on poverty to the war on crime the making of mass incarceration in america", "label": [ "189326681", "81631423", "2777978526" ], "author": [ "2749384300" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2607517516", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "an unprecedented march for science", "label": [ "94625758", "70036468", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "293470946" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "on 22 april hundreds of thousands of scientists and their supporters took to the streets in some 600 marches rallies and small gatherings around the world the administration of u s president donald trump with its rejection of the scientific consensus on climate change its efforts to restrict immigration and its plans for drastic cuts at science agencies had galvanized scientists into unaccustomed political action but the marches were also fueled by concerns beyond u s politics those included parochial worries about science funding global concerns about climate change and a fear that politicians and the public have lost sight of science as a force for improving the human condition march leaders hope that the events are just the start of a sustained movement", "title_raw": "An unprecedented march for science", "abstract_raw": "On 22 April, hundreds of thousands of scientists and their supporters took to the streets in some 600 marches, rallies, and small gatherings around the world. The administration of U.S. President Donald Trump\u2014with its rejection of the scientific consensus on climate change, its efforts to restrict immigration, and its plans for drastic cuts at science agencies\u2014had galvanized scientists into unaccustomed political action. But the marches were also fueled by concerns beyond U.S. politics. Those included parochial worries about science funding, global concerns about climate change, and a fear that politicians and the public have lost sight of science as a force for improving the human condition. March leaders hope that the events are just the start of a sustained movement." }, { "paper": "2586354770", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2017", "title": "inequalities in the pathway to college in china when do students from poor areas fall behind", "label": [ "191935318", "2775987171", "2780623907" ], "author": [ "2062259255", "2100807990", "2239438801", "2138565993", "2586246021" ], "reference": [ "75408465", "99317892", "177459601", "197841719", "266763459", "1547758529", "1548714850", "1566956975", "1580804840", "1896353751", "1971060646", "1990472568", "1993243397", "1996851378", "2000839551", "2000858850", "2004108081", "2009075902", "2011850096", "2018570824", "2033579385", "2047596149", "2066935404", "2070234181", "2071671313", "2074727025", "2077575510", "2085720197", "2089151295", "2100906134", "2109949088", "2119822701", "2120023941", "2120850100", "2122216841", "2122396187", "2125717876", "2129197979", "2130330986", "2139242907", "2139564895", "2160396648", "2172236211", "2187850124", "2273304909", "3021495679", "3123028717" ], "abstract": "inequalities in college access are a major concern for policymakers in both developed and developing countries policymakers in china have largely tried to address these inequalities by helping disadvantaged students successfully transition from high school to college however they have paid less attention to the possibility that inequalities in college access may also arise earlier in the pathway to college the purpose of this paper is to understand where inequalities emerge along the pathway to college in china focusing on three major milestones after junior high by analysing administrative data on over 300 000 students from one region of china we find that the largest inequalities in college access emerge at the first post compulsory milestone along the pathway to college when students transition from junior high to high school in particular only 60 per cent of students from poor counties take the high school entrance exam compared to nearly 100 per cent of students from non poor counties furthermore students from poor counties are about one and a half times less likely to attend academic high school and elite academic high school than students from non poor counties", "title_raw": "Inequalities in the Pathway to College in China: When Do Students from Poor Areas Fall Behind?", "abstract_raw": "Inequalities in college access are a major concern for policymakers in both developed and developing countries. Policymakers in China have largely tried to address these inequalities by helping disadvantaged students successfully transition from high school to college. However, they have paid less attention to the possibility that inequalities in college access may also arise earlier in the pathway to college. The purpose of this paper is to understand where inequalities emerge along the pathway to college in China, focusing on three major milestones after junior high. By analysing administrative data on over 300,000 students from one region of China, we find that the largest inequalities in college access emerge at the first post-compulsory milestone along the pathway to college: when students transition from junior high to high school. In particular, only 60 per cent of students from poor counties take the high school entrance exam (compared to nearly 100 per cent of students from non-poor counties). Furthermore, students from poor counties are about one and a half times less likely to attend academic high school and elite academic high school than students from non-poor counties." }, { "paper": "2595147418", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2017", "title": "there is no alternative", "label": [ "3116431", "2778041269", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2543654651" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "There Is No Alternative", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2758366636", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2017", "title": "health in angola in the wake of the presidential election", "label": [ "94625758", "2776129789" ], "author": [ "2121644125" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Health in Angola in the wake of the presidential election.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2588216534", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2017", "title": "science journals permit open access publishing for gates foundation scholars", "label": [ "151719136" ], "author": [ "1421404108" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Science journals permit open-access publishing for Gates Foundation scholars", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2606782642", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "power struggle erupts at utah cancer institute over director s firing", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2059982195" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Power struggle erupts at Utah cancer institute over director\u2019s firing", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2737521221", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2017", "title": "does incarceration reduce voting evidence about the political consequences of spending time in prison", "label": [ "3116431", "102587632", "2777978526", "94625758", "520049643", "2780656516" ], "author": [ "2102719940", "2097956988", "2399955435", "2265406882", "1987474051" ], "reference": [ "1992743607", "2018465418", "2097450768", "2101414570", "2105692638", "2147384536", "2478261089" ], "abstract": "the rise in mass incarceration provides a growing impetus to understand the effect that interactions with the criminal justice system have on political participation while a substantial body of prior research studies the political consequences of criminal disenfranchisement less work examines why eligible ex felons vote at very low rates we use administrative data on voting and interactions with the criminal justice system from pennsylvania to assess whether the association between incarceration and reduced voting is causal using administrative records that reduce the possibility of measurement error we employ several different research designs to investigate the possibility that the observed negative correlation between incarceration and voting might result from differences across individuals that lead both to incarceration and to low participation as this selection bias issue is addressed we find that the estimated effect of serving time in prison on voting falls dramatically and for some researc", "title_raw": "Does Incarceration Reduce Voting? Evidence about the Political Consequences of Spending Time in Prison", "abstract_raw": "The rise in mass incarceration provides a growing impetus to understand the effect that interactions with the criminal justice system have on political participation. While a substantial body of prior research studies the political consequences of criminal disenfranchisement, less work examines why eligible ex-felons vote at very low rates. We use administrative data on voting and interactions with the criminal justice system from Pennsylvania to assess whether the association between incarceration and reduced voting is causal. Using administrative records that reduce the possibility of measurement error, we employ several different research designs to investigate the possibility that the observed negative correlation between incarceration and voting might result from differences across individuals that lead both to incarceration and to low participation. As this selection bias issue is addressed, we find that the estimated effect of serving time in prison on voting falls dramatically and for some researc..." }, { "paper": "2584793383", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2017", "title": "strategy for tourism j tribe goodfellow publishers ltd oxford 2016 280 pp pbk 34 99 isbn 978 1910158623 hbk 75 isbn 978 1910158616", "label": [ "18918823" ], "author": [ "2584274876" ], "reference": [ "61823634", "285758489", "2000467655", "2008184140", "2146777079", "2171794943" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Strategy for Tourism, J. Tribe. Goodfellow Publishers Ltd, Oxford (2016), 280 pp., (Pbk.), \u00a334.99 ISBN: 978\u20131910158623, (Hbk.), \u00a375 ISBN: 978-1910158616", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2780112857", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2017", "title": "charles w eagles civil rights culture wars the fight over a mississippi textbook", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2803809595" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Charles W. Eagles. Civil Rights, Culture Wars: The Fight over a Mississippi Textbook.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2646948906", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "a top mathematician joins the macron revolution", "label": [ "124717273", "2775884135", "2781289944", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2015438508" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the new centrist party of french president emmanuel macron la republique en marche won 308 of the 577 seats in the national assembly on 18 june giving macron a broad mandate to carry out his agenda what this upset will mean for french science is not yet clear most french scientists were relieved that macron defeated far right candidate marine le pen last month but reforms in science and higher education are likely to meet resistance from leftist groups science talked to one of en marche 9s new national assembly members mathematician and fields medalist cedric villani about his reasons to become a politician and the unique and extraordinary chance he sees to reform the country", "title_raw": "A top mathematician joins the Macron revolution", "abstract_raw": "The new centrist party of French President Emmanuel Macron, La Republique En Marche!, won 308 of the 577 seats in the National Assembly on 18 June, giving Macron a broad mandate to carry out his agenda. What this upset will mean for French science is not yet clear. Most French scientists were relieved that Macron defeated far-right candidate Marine Le Pen last month, but reforms in science and higher education are likely to meet resistance from leftist groups. Science talked to one of En Marche!9s new National Assembly members, mathematician and Fields medalist Cedric Villani, about his reasons to become a politician and the \"unique and extraordinary\" chance he sees to reform the country." }, { "paper": "2613182679", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2017", "title": "scientists relieved by emmanuel macron s french election victory", "label": [ "2779220109" ], "author": [ "2126046128" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Scientists relieved by Emmanuel Macron\u2019s French election victory", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2773285740", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2017", "title": "churches playgrounds government dollars and schools", "label": [ "199539241", "104636517", "2778323131", "2776993492", "97460637", "148834064", "2778136243", "2778061430", "121426985" ], "author": [ "2170920890" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "if a state awards grants on religiously neutral criteria to create safer playground surfaces it cannot exclude an otherwise eligible playground simply because it is owned by a church such discrimination against religion violates the free exercise clause and awarding the grant would not violate the establishment clause this holding in trinity lutheran church v 1 comers is an incremental step in a large and continuing evolution it may lead to bigger steps but trinity lutheran does not take those steps to the dissenters trinity lutheran crossed an important line was this case about playground surfaces and the safety of children or was it about direct government aid to a church it was about both and the question was which characterization should control trinity lutheran further erodes special rules against direct aid to the church itself or to pervasively sectarian organizations more generally it erodes the line between direct and indirect aid and it does all this in the course of deciding not what the state may fund but what it must fund if it funds secular organizations engaged in the same activity the focus on something so secular as playgrounds and the safety of children explains why the vote was 7 2 the dissenters claimed that the playground was part of the church s religious mission but more fundamentally they thought that the state may and must refuse to fund churches no matter how secular the specific use of the money they thought the majority overturned a principle that went back to the founding 2 trinity lutheran resolves some of the deep ambiguities in the previous leading case locke v davey 3 davey held that washington could exclude theology majors from a generally available state scholarship program it could be read as a case specifically about funding the training of clergy or as a case about all government funding in the private sector trinity lutheran moves davey toward the narrower reading trinity lutheran silently rejects the implausible assertion that davey requires bad motive for any successful free exercise claim and it rejects davey s implication that discriminatory refusals to fund are not cognizable burdens on the exercise of religion the bigger issue is whether trinity lutheran will apply to school choice programs can a state fund secular private schools without funding religious private schools a plurality carefully reserved that issue 4 and the next day the court remanded two cases presenting variations on that issue 5 five justices signaled their view of that question in separate opinions 6 and we can make educated guesses about some of the others but nothing in trinity lutheran controls the answer i the decision a the merits missouri assesses a fee of fifty cents for each new tire sold at retail 7 up to forty five percent of the resulting funds are committed to grants to support the use of material from recycled tires 8 the missouri department of natural resources which administers the grants chose to fund playground surfaces with one exception discussed below 9 the criteria for evaluating grant proposals are neutral secular and objective 10 an organization is ineligible if it is a religious based organization that is owned or controlled by a church sect or denomination of religions 11 trinity lutheran s child learning center which offers preschool and day care was merged into the church in 1985 12 had the center maintained its separate legal existence there might have been room to argue about whether it was controlled by a church and whether its activities were too religious 13 but the merger eliminated those issues the center and the playground were owned by a church and thus clearly ineligible the center applied anyway and the department gave its application the fifth highest score in the state the department awarded fourteen grants that year so the center should have won a grant except as the department belatedly recognized that it was owned by a church 15 plaintiffs lawyers could not have set the case up any better", "title_raw": "Churches, Playgrounds, Government Dollars \u2014 and Schools?", "abstract_raw": "If a state awards grants, on religiously neutral criteria, to create safer playground surfaces, it cannot exclude an otherwise eligible playground simply because it is owned by a church. Such discrimination against religion violates the Free Exercise Clause, and awarding the grant would not violate the Establishment Clause. This holding, in Trinity Lutheran Church v. (1) Comers is an incremental step in a large and continuing evolution. It may lead to bigger steps, but Trinity Lutheran does not take those steps. To the dissenters, Trinity Lutheran crossed an important line. Was this case about playground surfaces and the safety of children? Or was it about direct government aid to a church? It was about both, and the question was which characterization should control. Trinity Lutheran further erodes special rules against direct aid to the church itself or to pervasively sectarian organizations more generally. It erodes the line between direct and indirect aid. And it does all this in the course of deciding not what the state may fund, but what it must fund if it funds secular organizations engaged in the same activity. The focus on something so secular as playgrounds and the safety of children explains why the vote was 7-2. The dissenters claimed that the playground was part of the church's religious mission, but more fundamentally, they thought that the state may and must refuse to fund churches, no matter how secular the specific use of the money. They thought the majority overturned a principle that went back to the Founding. (2) Trinity Lutheran resolves some of the deep ambiguities in the previous leading case, Locke v. Davey. (3) Davey held that Washington could exclude theology majors from a generally available state scholarship program. It could be read as a case specifically about funding the training of clergy or as a case about all government funding in the private sector; Trinity Lutheran moves Davey toward the narrower reading. Trinity Lutheran silently rejects the implausible assertion that Davey requires bad motive for any successful free exercise claim, and it rejects Davey's implication that discriminatory refusals to fund are not cognizable burdens on the exercise of religion. The bigger issue is whether Trinity Lutheran will apply to school choice programs. Can a state fund secular private schools without funding religious private schools? A plurality carefully reserved that issue (4) and the next day, the Court remanded two cases presenting variations on that issue. (5) Five Justices signaled their view of that question in separate opinions, (6) and we can make educated guesses about some of the others. But nothing in Trinity Lutheran controls the answer. I. THE DECISION A. The Merits Missouri assesses a fee of fifty cents for each new tire sold at retail. (7) Up to forty-five percent of the resulting funds are committed to grants to support the use of material from recycled tires. (8) The Missouri Department of Natural Resources, which administers the grants, chose to fund playground surfaces. With one exception discussed below, (9) the criteria for evaluating grant proposals are neutral, secular, and objective. (10) An organization is ineligible if it is a \"religious based organization' that is \"owned or controlled by a church, sect or denomination of religions. (11) Trinity Lutheran's Child Learning Center, which offers preschool and day care, was merged into the church in 1985. (12) Had the Center maintained its separate legal existence, there might have been room to argue about whether it was \"controlled by a church\" and whether its activities were too religious. (13) But the merger eliminated those issues; the Center and the playground were \"owned\" by a church and thus clearly ineligible. The Center applied anyway, and the Department gave its application the fifth highest score in the state.\" The Department awarded fourteen grants that year, so the Center should have won a grant--except, as the Department belatedly recognized, that it was owned by a church (15) Plaintiffs' lawyers could not have set the case up any better. \u2026" }, { "paper": "2755128255", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "after uproar u k parliament s science committee now has a female member", "label": [ "199539241", "2781440851" ], "author": [ "1736644647" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "After uproar, U.K. Parliament\u2019s science committee now has a female member", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2754801908", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2017", "title": "meaning making by public leaders in times of crisis an assessment", "label": [ "94625758", "39549134", "2776398702", "2778700663" ], "author": [ "2260365841" ], "reference": [ "217417188", "268257668", "574900599", "602145166", "873980058", "1496632692", "1512763211", "1563963354", "1850911852", "1855341429", "1917243546", "1979579568", "1980840282", "1985918752", "1989152886", "1992179686", "2002149338", "2025433727", "2039654435", "2041493415", "2060330533", "2081575229", "2101445138", "2111926101", "2120783508", "2121093954", "2122597641", "2129790543", "2132284923", "2136733706", "2146608375", "2148174543", "2169399557", "2183726215", "2210510671", "2270565343", "2293781422", "2316483970", "2477836584", "2593143083", "2594151979", "2604539637", "2624804261", "2738309959" ], "abstract": "abstract public leaders are expected to provide information on a crisis situation and present a plan to restore a state of normalcy this study based on interviews with dutch mayors who were personally involved in crises between 1979 and 2014 assesses the various roles of public leaders meaning making a total of 94 case studies were analyzed for this purpose responsibility and collective impact turn out to be closely intertwined phenomena which influence the modus operandi as a public leader as perceived by the mayors themselves the public meaning making model presented shows four distinctive roles based on the meaning making by dutch mayors the roles of mourner in chief orchestrator advocate and buddy all of these roles emphasize different elements that depend on the collective emotional impact of a situation as well as on the political responsibility attributed to the public leader this article discusses the characteristics and implications of each of the four roles", "title_raw": "Meaning making by public leaders in times of crisis: An assessment", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Public leaders are expected to provide information on a crisis situation and present a plan to restore a state of normalcy. This study, based on interviews with Dutch mayors who were personally involved in crises between 1979 and 2014, assesses the various roles of public leaders\u2019 meaning making. A total of 94 case studies were analyzed for this purpose. Responsibility and collective impact turn out to be closely intertwined phenomena, which influence the modus operandi as a public leader as perceived by the mayors themselves. The Public Meaning Making Model presented, shows four distinctive roles based on the meaning making by Dutch mayors: the roles of \u2018mourner-in-chief\u2019, \u2018orchestrator\u2019, \u2018advocate\u2019 and \u2018buddy\u2019. All of these roles emphasize different elements that depend on the collective, emotional impact of a situation as well as on the political responsibility attributed to the public leader. This article discusses the characteristics and implications of each of the four roles." }, { "paper": "2780425999", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "blockade harms qatari science", "label": [ "2778069335", "203133693", "148834064", "2776398702", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "for the third year running qatar last week put on a major conference in doha showcasing the middle east s growing efforts in genomics and precision medicine but unlike in previous years star speakers from saudi arabia were absent from the event that nation and three others bahrain the united arab emirates uae and egypt abruptly severed diplomatic ties with qatar in early june citing the qatari government s purported support for terrorism after saudi arabia uae and bahrain ordered their citizens to leave qatar students and visiting scientists had to pack their bags along with qataris in the blockade countries they also imposed sanctions on the gulf state which are hampering its decadelong effort to build a world class scientific infrastructure and catalyze research in the region", "title_raw": "Blockade harms Qatari science", "abstract_raw": "For the third year running, Qatar last week put on a major conference in Doha showcasing the Middle East\u2019s growing efforts in genomics and precision medicine. But unlike in previous years, star speakers from Saudi Arabia were absent from the event. That nation and three others\u2014Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Egypt\u2014abruptly severed diplomatic ties with Qatar in early June, citing the Qatari government\u2019s purported support for terrorism. After Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Bahrain ordered their citizens to leave Qatar, students and visiting scientists had to pack their bags, along with Qataris in the blockade countries. They also imposed sanctions on the gulf state, which are hampering its decadelong effort to build a world-class scientific infrastructure and catalyze research in the region." }, { "paper": "3122560497", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2017", "title": "mapping the boundaries of elite cues how elites shape mass opinion across international issues", "label": [ "34355311", "2780668109", "134698397", "125505783", "2778061430", "93377909", "2775987171" ], "author": [ "324436449", "2118290611" ], "reference": [ "586694570", "646556860", "1485358265", "1541687019", "1548043144", "1682314167", "1934355826", "1977825494", "1984235607", "1985927654", "1991278031", "1998298224", "2006936868", "2016382728", "2030398623", "2049971933", "2053471255", "2057012170", "2061828456", "2078192942", "2085574420", "2094198001", "2098263917", "2106621162", "2110337601", "2121011394", "2122748750", "2128082596", "2129298836", "2130279266", "2132219146", "2135959414", "2136669557", "2148257260", "2151318005", "2151796435", "2155643382", "2156795730", "2157248721", "2157629705", "2157979842", "2159300646", "2162086569", "2167375393", "2167927179", "2172274745", "2315688625", "2397129674", "2462528923", "2598118610", "2610689203", "2612166593", "2789698522", "2798900971", "2999729612", "3122574854", "3124069454", "3124105495" ], "abstract": "despite intense interest in the nature and malleability of public opinion about foreign policy there remains debate over when and how elite messages shape mass opinion on international issues especially whether the informational or partisan components of elite cues dominate the rise of survey experiments has offered conflicting insights we argue that the single issue nature of most survey experiments masks systematic variation in elite cue effects across international issues and that these effects depend on the baseline distribution of mass opinion on the issues themselves two characteristics of underlying opinion are crucial the share of those not aligned with expert opinion and the degree of partisan polarization where polarization is limited information effects should dominate but where issues are polarized information intake should be limited by partisan attribution we test these hypotheses using nine survey experiments across a range of issues including the rise of china climate change international institutions and the use of force at one extreme all messages even those endorsed by generic or opposition experts can shift opinion at the other only partisan attributed messages matter the findings are important not only for understanding public opinion about international issues but also for mobilizing opinion in a democratic setting mapping the boundaries of elite cues how elites shape mass opinion across international issues international relations scholarship has taken to heart the idea that domestic politics shapes how states make foreign policy choices across a wide range of issues as part of the debate about exactly how domestic politics matters scholars have focused extensively on public opinion not only in terms of the nature of public attitudes themselves but also the extent to which these attitudes are malleable thanks in part to the rise of the survey experiment there has been a surge of research on the determinants of public attitudes about international issues including trade e g herrmann tetlock and diascro 2001 hiscox 2006 security e g berinsky 2009 tomz and weeks 2013 kreps 2014 and transnational issues such as climate change and international organizations bechtel and scheve 2013 tingley and tomz 2014 the degree to which different messages and messengers can shift opinion is an important concern for policymakers seeking to mobilize domestic coalitions around a policy particularly on international issues which are by nature distant from most voters everyday concerns and thus especially ripe for cue giving by elite actors yet as more and more evidence from survey experiments accumulates an important concern is that survey experiments usually proceed issue by issue and are rarely attentive to variation in issue context some of this variation may be idiosyncratic but there may also be systematic variation across issues at a given time for example some issues like climate change may be more politically polarized at the time of a survey while others may simply have received less attention variation across issue context is potentially crucial for understanding the impact of elite cues on public attitudes despite wide agreement that elite cues matter see for example herrmann tetlock and diascro 2001 hiscox 2006 berinsky 2009 trager and vavreck 2011 levendusky and horowitz 2012 there remains debate about how messages and messengers shift mass opinion in one view cues can convey distill and contextualize information about policies or events for the benefit of the voter e g gilens 2001 hiscox 2006 from another perspective however voters use the identity of cue givers most commonly their partisanship as a shortcut e g zaller 1992 berinsky 2009 while ir scholarship has tended to emphasize the role of information recent research has brought partisanship to the fore particularly in a security context see berinsky 2009 trager and vavreck 2011 levendusky and horowitz 2012 each view finds support in specific issue areas even as other issues have been", "title_raw": "Mapping the Boundaries of Elite Cues: How Elites Shape Mass Opinion across International Issues", "abstract_raw": "Despite intense interest in the nature and malleability of public opinion about foreign policy, there remains debate over when and how elite messages shape mass opinion on international issues, especially whether the informational or partisan components of elite cues dominate. The rise of survey experiments has offered conflicting insights. We argue that the single-issue nature of most survey experiments masks systematic variation in elite cue effects across international issues, and that these effects depend on the baseline distribution of mass opinion on the issues themselves. Two characteristics of underlying opinion are crucial: the share of those not aligned with expert opinion, and the degree of partisan polarization. Where polarization is limited, information effects should dominate, but where issues are polarized, information intake should be limited by partisan attribution. We test these hypotheses using nine survey experiments across a range of issues, including the rise of China, climate change, international institutions, and the use of force. At one extreme, all messages, even those endorsed by generic or opposition experts, can shift opinion; at the other, only partisan-attributed messages matter. The findings are important not only for understanding public opinion about international issues, but also for mobilizing opinion in a democratic setting. Mapping the Boundaries of Elite Cues: How Elites Shape Mass Opinion Across International Issues International relations scholarship has taken to heart the idea that domestic politics shapes how states make foreign policy choices across a wide range of issues. As part of the debate about exactly how domestic politics matters, scholars have focused extensively on public opinion, not only in terms of the nature of public attitudes themselves, but also the extent to which these attitudes are malleable. Thanks in part to the rise of the survey experiment, there has been a surge of research on the determinants of public attitudes about international issues, including trade (e.g., Herrmann, Tetlock, and Diascro 2001; Hiscox 2006), security (e.g., Berinsky 2009; Tomz and Weeks 2013; Kreps 2014), and transnational issues such as climate change and international organizations (Bechtel and Scheve 2013; Tingley and Tomz 2014). The degree to which different messages and messengers can shift opinion is an important concern for policymakers seeking to mobilize domestic coalitions around a policy, particularly on international issues which are by nature distant from most voters\u2019 everyday concerns and thus especially ripe for cue-giving by elite actors. Yet as more and more evidence from survey experiments accumulates, an important concern is that survey experiments usually proceed issue-by-issue and are rarely attentive to variation in issue context. Some of this variation may be idiosyncratic, but there may also be systematic variation across issues at a given time. For example, some issues like climate change may be more politically polarized at the time of a survey, while others may simply have received less attention. Variation across issue context is potentially crucial for understanding the impact of elite cues on public attitudes. Despite wide agreement that elite cues matter (see, for example, Herrmann, Tetlock, and Diascro 2001; Hiscox 2006; Berinsky 2009; Trager and Vavreck 2011; Levendusky and Horowitz 2012), there remains debate about how messages and messengers shift mass opinion. In one view, cues can convey, distill, and contextualize information about policies or events for the benefit of the voter (e.g., Gilens 2001; Hiscox 2006). From another perspective, however, voters use the identity of cue-givers\u2014most commonly, their partisanship\u2014as a shortcut (e.g., Zaller 1992; Berinsky 2009). While IR scholarship has tended to emphasize the role of information, recent research has brought partisanship to the fore, particularly in a security context (see Berinsky 2009; Trager and Vavreck 2011; Levendusky and Horowitz 2012). Each view finds support in specific issue areas even as other issues have been" }, { "paper": "2588529335", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2017", "title": "the myth of international humanitarian law", "label": [ "149209484", "199539241", "2778573023", "185436325" ], "author": [ "2689349939" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The myth of international humanitarian law", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2745024890", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2017", "title": "the humanitarian protectorate of south sudan understanding insecurity for humanitarians in a political economy of aid", "label": [ "199776023", "2779175671", "2779872411", "2776051254", "2777830688", "521897407" ], "author": [ "2568935523" ], "reference": [ "15660434", "121283749", "154300925", "291850771", "438224172", "562114629", "562440099", "576271453", "598116851", "1503778359", "1507298635", "1533783547", "1539943955", "1550138153", "1571846880", "1575670294", "1587761746", "1596967910", "1604901104", "1973413205", "1980022662", "1989466445", "1997156904", "2009620149", "2011925435", "2026950882", "2034167216", "2035301806", "2044369503", "2056697291", "2089474557", "2096481851", "2103418690", "2110460377", "2124872449", "2216456110", "2340117524", "2417144857", "2531121391", "2624298659", "2914141761", "3144373076" ], "abstract": "this paper aims to contribute to debates about humanitarian governance and insecurity in post conflict situations it takes the case of south sudan to explore the relations between humanitarian agencies the international community and local authorities and the ways international and local forms of power become interrelated and contested and to what effect the paper is based on eight months of ethnographic research in various locations in south sudan between 2011 and 2013 in which experiences with and approaches to insecurity among humanitarian aid actors were studied the research found that many security threats can be understood in relation to the everyday practices of negotiating and maintaining humanitarian access perceiving this insecurity as violation or abuse of a moral and practical humanitarianism neglects how humanitarian aid in practice was embedded in broader state building processes this paper posits instead that much insecurity for humanitarian actors is a symptom of the blurring of international and local forms of power and this mediates the development of a humanitarian protectorate", "title_raw": "The humanitarian protectorate of South Sudan? Understanding insecurity for humanitarians in a political economy of aid", "abstract_raw": "This paper aims to contribute to debates about humanitarian governance and insecurity in post-conflict situations. It takes the case of South Sudan to explore the relations between humanitarian agencies, the international community, and local authorities, and the ways international and local forms of power become interrelated and contested, and to what effect. The paper is based on eight months of ethnographic research in various locations in South Sudan between 2011 and 2013, in which experiences with and approaches to insecurity among humanitarian aid actors were studied. The research found that many security threats can be understood in relation to the everyday practices of negotiating and maintaining humanitarian access. Perceiving this insecurity as violation or abuse of a moral and practical humanitarianism neglects how humanitarian aid in practice was embedded in broader state building processes. This paper posits instead that much insecurity for humanitarian actors is a symptom of the blurring of international and local forms of power, and this mediates the development of a humanitarian protectorate." }, { "paper": "2752525526", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2017", "title": "new europe s new development aid", "label": [ "2778449271" ], "author": [ "27975068" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "New Europe\u2019s New Development Aid", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2784298052", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2017", "title": "gift giving disreputable exchange and the management of donations in a police department", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "1988938171", "2165693055" ], "reference": [ "18472313", "208169458", "565404075", "593845332", "607032178", "786610375", "1482929535", "1487019888", "1500829183", "1526658883", "1526867276", "1573227138", "1584381958", "1656864799", "1965278510", "1966802585", "1968655603", "1968802760", "1980561516", "1985695364", "1987729432", "1993663609", "1994243011", "1994410690", "1998051629", "2005557732", "2006255680", "2008595490", "2017638831", "2020659515", "2036862482", "2048788838", "2049007811", "2055726954", "2062512795", "2062619810", "2073093248", "2083152949", "2088311054", "2090020203", "2090385881", "2097633033", "2100969476", "2105199209", "2105251708", "2107386270", "2107680250", "2112611479", "2115218818", "2131596759", "2136038883", "2144087205", "2170966061", "2316163331", "2318352238", "2414640327", "2512670646", "2567481632", "2973282358", "3028486165", "3124423022", "3125106831" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Gift-Giving, Disreputable Exchange, and the Management of Donations in a Police Department", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2623374661", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2017", "title": "response to lucan way review of patronal politics eurasian regime dynamics in comparative perspective", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2133243279" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Response to Lucan Way review of Patronal Politics: Eurasian Regime Dynamics in Comparative Perspective", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2586982873", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2017", "title": "the electoral implications of coalition policy making", "label": [ "46355384", "83009810", "3116431", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2130194190" ], "reference": [ "39453265", "123430343", "611644800", "656577657", "1517071173", "1522977723", "1536255631", "1547936160", "1551732050", "1585653421", "1608186890", "1636122622", "1822348759", "1834150360", "1948710500", "1962095932", "1973218120", "1973937555", "1977825494", "1980281222", "1998886516", "1999826012", "2001410560", "2022558457", "2057012170", "2063236012", "2078850517", "2090939951", "2100491433", "2105907473", "2108217840", "2108269067", "2109954531", "2110133257", "2116187624", "2116765065", "2118502261", "2123479916", "2127550467", "2128096974", "2130010855", "2131069969", "2132465025", "2133204953", "2143320461", "2147442098", "2152081677", "2160503536", "2163904431", "2163954098", "2164123392", "2166400508", "2169624263", "2170669993", "2316697500", "2324427833", "2329103711", "2493993253", "3121539865", "3122965367", "3125554979", "3142308518" ], "abstract": "coalition governance requires parties to come to collective policy decisions while simultaneously competing for votes this reality has inspired a vibrant literature on coalition policy making which is focused on legislative organization and behavior though it is not clear how it affects the electorate this article addresses this gap in the literature by examining how voters perceptions of compromise in coalition policy making affect their vote choices analyzing data from six parliamentary democracies where multiparty governance is the norm it finds that voters punish parties they view as compromising more specifically voters are found to discount the policy accomplishments and policy promises of compromising parties and that this tendency is more pronounced among previous incumbent cabinet supporters and the politically disinterested these findings have important implications for the study of voting as well as coalition policy making", "title_raw": "The Electoral Implications of Coalition Policy Making", "abstract_raw": "Coalition governance requires parties to come to collective policy decisions while simultaneously competing for votes. This reality has inspired a vibrant literature on coalition policy making, which is focused on legislative organization and behavior, though it is not clear how it affects the electorate. This article addresses this gap in the literature by examining how voters\u2019 perceptions of compromise in coalition policy making affect their vote choices. Analyzing data from six parliamentary democracies where multiparty governance is the norm, it finds that voters punish parties they view as compromising. More specifically, voters are found to discount the policy accomplishments and policy promises of compromising parties, and that this tendency is more pronounced among previous incumbent cabinet supporters and the politically disinterested. These findings have important implications for the study of voting as well as coalition policy making." }, { "paper": "2766062592", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2017", "title": "human rights and constitutional democracy", "label": [ "86615163", "94625758", "2779777834", "169437150", "111439079", "199539241", "555826173", "56720970" ], "author": [ "1849456578" ], "reference": [ "1519479780", "1560280429", "1851273862", "2333628126", "2558384063", "3121714631", "3123214963", "3124467954" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Human Rights and Constitutional Democracy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2607224523", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2017", "title": "the polythink syndrome u s foreign policy decisions on 9 11 afghanistan iraq syria and isis by alex mintz and carly wayne stanford ca stanford university press 2016 200p 22 95", "label": [ "93377909" ], "author": [ "2674695970" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Polythink Syndrome: U.S. Foreign Policy Decisions on 9/11, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and ISIS. By Alex Mintz and Carly Wayne. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2016. 200p. $22.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2613261387", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2017", "title": "an experimental test of how americans think about federalism", "label": [ "134698397", "3116431", "156733173", "533735693", "109986646", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2490624060" ], "reference": [ "380855038", "576401229", "618719709", "642385969", "659472142", "1479851367", "1551245526", "1577954649", "1973347784", "1985456250", "1993075639", "2000978696", "2016959362", "2019965095", "2030398623", "2035571960", "2040062783", "2049971933", "2063366292", "2109627323", "2112557327", "2117234648", "2119298903", "2120254036", "2127806899", "2133793072", "2137328432", "2149414305", "2157979842", "2321823620", "2323734577", "2326598968", "2326739555", "2332919715", "2504495239", "3047058028", "3122982435", "3124207109", "3124536621", "3125931513" ], "abstract": "the dominant perspective on federalism and american public opinion suggests that americans simply do not consider federalism when making policy evaluations recently however several scholars have argued that even if americans do not make legalistic or theoretical references to federalism they often think intuitively about intergovernmental politics this study presents the results of a three part survey experiment designed to assess how readily individuals come to think about federalism when evaluating public policy in general individuals do not consider the intergovernmental implications of policy even when asked to explicitly compare two levels of government overwhelmingly individual preference for government activity obscures concerns for federalism in eight of nine substantive policy domains yet this indeterminacy does not mean that public opinion is irrelevant for studies of american federalism rather it is a highly malleable instrument that political elites can use to leverage public support for policies", "title_raw": "An Experimental Test of How Americans Think about Federalism", "abstract_raw": "The dominant perspective on federalism and American public opinion suggests that Americans simply do not consider federalism when making policy evaluations. Recently, however, several scholars have argued that even if Americans do not make legalistic or theoretical references to federalism, they often think intuitively about intergovernmental politics. This study presents the results of a three-part survey experiment designed to assess how readily individuals come to think about federalism when evaluating public policy. In general, individuals do not consider the intergovernmental implications of policy, even when asked to explicitly compare two levels of government. Overwhelmingly, individual preference for government activity obscures concerns for federalism in eight of nine substantive policy domains. Yet, this indeterminacy does not mean that public opinion is irrelevant for studies of American federalism. Rather, it is a highly malleable instrument that political elites can use to leverage public support for policies." }, { "paper": "2613465396", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2017", "title": "islamism in mauritania and the narrative of political moderation", "label": [ "555826173", "2780224610", "158071213", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2148215786", "2130504346" ], "reference": [ "59733482", "86410806", "118093830", "200619557", "286866746", "588884421", "633530157", "644017340", "651281589", "655913853", "1512567478", "1512897669", "1531866392", "1551481654", "1553265852", "1554141099", "1560543358", "1583301840", "1594372917", "1607624663", "1690501913", "1777638990", "1964703850", "1971022223", "1971604795", "1971719517", "1997891061", "1998925764", "2004974073", "2022540782", "2025344701", "2030601483", "2034573980", "2040543785", "2044587375", "2044640382", "2050017990", "2053324782", "2055890351", "2067873974", "2068981082", "2070680812", "2081866846", "2083962403", "2087742852", "2089736763", "2091167283", "2092894324", "2097717637", "2108123747", "2111754087", "2124677905", "2129453640", "2154088336", "2154450241", "2156649386", "2156927619", "2162578013", "2167155027", "2171983997", "2182985558", "2191746959", "2209000498", "2240589045", "2259307206", "2269140551", "2290252416", "2327028934", "2343108875", "2478434010", "2485340651", "2525668494", "2528356975", "2553947961", "2564258822", "2604996685", "2620940099", "2741489767" ], "abstract": "the rise of islamism following the arab spring has renewed interest in the democratic credibility of islamist parties and movements focusing on the case of mauritania s islamists this article analyses the validity of the moderation hypothesis and argues that for some islamist parties moderation when historically situated has always been a key trait the case of mauritanian islamism is interesting because it takes place within an intellectual and geographical place that straddles both the arab world and sub saharan africa therefore providing insights on how islamism has become an influential ideological framework in both worlds that are much less separate than superficially believed", "title_raw": "Islamism in Mauritania and the narrative of political moderation", "abstract_raw": "The rise of Islamism following the Arab Spring has renewed interest in the democratic credibility of Islamist parties and movements. Focusing on the case of Mauritania's Islamists this article analyses the validity of the moderation hypothesis and argues that for some Islamist parties, moderation, when historically situated, has always been a key trait. The case of Mauritanian Islamism is interesting because it takes place within an intellectual and geographical place that straddles both the Arab world and sub-Saharan Africa, therefore providing insights on how Islamism has become an influential ideological framework in both worlds, that are much less separate than superficially believed." }, { "paper": "2586841796", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2017", "title": "internationalism in the age of nationalism by glenda sluga review", "label": [ "122972321", "521449643" ], "author": [ "2673291685" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Internationalism in the Age of Nationalism by Glenda Sluga (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2604778183", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2017", "title": "american pendulum recurring debates in u s grand strategy by christopher hemmer ithaca ny cornell university press 2015 240p 29 95", "label": [ "172002799" ], "author": [ "2705927758" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "American Pendulum: Recurring Debates in U.S. Grand Strategy. By Christopher Hemmer. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015. 240p. $29.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2620305027", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2017", "title": "nih overhead plan draws fire", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "president donald trump9s administration has brought a long simmering debate over how the u s government supports university research back to a boil in its 2018 budget proposal released last week the white house proposes cutting so called indirect cost payments that the national institutes of health nih makes to universities hospitals and research institutes by about two thirds to 10 of each grant the administration says the change would allow it to redirect about 4 6 billion now spent each year on overhead including maintaining labs and complying with regulations to research the shift would also enable it to cut nih9s budget by 22 without greatly reducing the agency9s direct spending on science the proposal has raised wide alarm some schools would tell their faculty to stop applying for nih grants observers predict because the grants wouldn9t come close to covering the full cost of the work", "title_raw": "NIH overhead plan draws fire.", "abstract_raw": "President Donald Trump9s administration has brought a long-simmering debate over how the U.S. government supports university research back to a boil. In its 2018 budget proposal released last week, the White House proposes cutting so-called indirect cost payments that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) makes to universities, hospitals, and research institutes by about two-thirds, to 10% of each grant. The administration says the change would allow it to redirect about $4.6 billion now spent each year on overhead\u2014including maintaining labs and complying with regulations\u2014to research. The shift would also enable it to cut NIH9s budget by 22% without greatly reducing the agency9s direct spending on science. The proposal has raised wide alarm. Some schools would tell their faculty to stop applying for NIH grants, observers predict, because the grants wouldn9t come close to covering the full cost of the work." }, { "paper": "2471175103", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2017", "title": "the turkish deep state state consolidation civil military relations and democracy by mehtap soyler", "label": [ "555826173", "2781145704", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2309543953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "anyone spending much time in turkey is familiar with the deep state derin devlet of popular lore the ubiquitous tales of its existence are disseminated within the culture much like epic legend", "title_raw": "The Turkish deep state: state consolidation, civil\u2013military relations and democracy, by Mehtap S\u00f6yler", "abstract_raw": "Anyone spending much time in Turkey is familiar with the \u201cDeep State\u201d (derin devlet) of popular lore. The ubiquitous tales of its existence are disseminated within the culture much like epic legend..." }, { "paper": "2774000851", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2017", "title": "ryan patrick murphy deregulating desire flight attendant activism family politics and workplace justice", "label": [ "139621336", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2702606231" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ryan Patrick Murphy. Deregulating Desire: Flight Attendant Activism, Family Politics, and Workplace Justice.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2756104081", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2017", "title": "making the unipolar moment u s foreign policy and the rise of the post cold war order by hal brands ithaca ny cornell university press 2016 480 pp 29 95", "label": [ "93377909" ], "author": [ "2097371878" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Making the Unipolar Moment: U.S. Foreign Policy and the Rise of the Post\u2010Cold War Order by Hal Brands. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2016. 480 pp. $29.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2769069411", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2017", "title": "why the u s can no longer ignore the icc", "label": [ "169437150", "202565627", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2710627642" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Why the U.S. Can No Longer Ignore the ICC", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2778998316", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2017", "title": "equality sovereignty and the family in morales santana", "label": [ "186229450", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2781363693" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Equality, Sovereignty, and the Family in Morales-Santana", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2896468284", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2018", "title": "mobilizing the russian nation patriotism and citizenship in the first world war", "label": [ "2780781376", "2776786559" ], "author": [ "3175845670" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Mobilizing the Russian Nation. Patriotism and Citizenship in the First World War", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2792656641", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2018", "title": "the battle over compulsory vaccination in the united states", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2103475817" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Battle Over Compulsory Vaccination in the United States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2800190444", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2018", "title": "foundations in italy what roles and challenges", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2734537495", "2113809194" ], "reference": [ "143515011", "2018796710", "2131511209" ], "abstract": "this article aims at giving a portrait of italian philanthropic organizations highlighting strengths weaknesses and challenges that philanthropy is facing in italy compared with germany and the", "title_raw": "Foundations in Italy: What Roles and Challenges?:", "abstract_raw": "This article aims at giving a portrait of Italian philanthropic organizations, highlighting strengths, weaknesses, and challenges that philanthropy is facing in Italy compared with Germany and the ..." }, { "paper": "2790535246", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2018", "title": "three metals and the post socialist city reclaiming the peripheries of urban knowledge", "label": [ "2779470537", "135121143", "158154518" ], "author": [ "2557317078" ], "reference": [ "195518202", "269922301", "647251079", "1563775401", "1610713223", "1613655171", "1955423543", "1967084136", "1977428681", "1994018121", "1994783862", "1998938419", "2011726729", "2016242043", "2016447894", "2021153199", "2037040041", "2038096290", "2045336403", "2050784729", "2052872262", "2063323441", "2066144955", "2067301354", "2072765994", "2081288580", "2083534349", "2083695678", "2096563757", "2097295579", "2104114340", "2123219467", "2147356029", "2152753601", "2212891289", "2256612564", "2262800017", "2292987259", "2301438670", "2328777853", "2333639265", "2338905226", "2460956426", "2461848066", "2490789108", "2509390483", "2525128674", "2534816331", "2556920059", "2562871968", "2568434541", "2582431239", "3011658519" ], "abstract": "urban theory has long been in the grip of a handful of cities and despite the recent recalibration of the catalogue of cities that inform it the emerging geographies of urban studies remain skewed at the expense of cities often referred to as post socialist this essay considers the notion of the post socialist city suggesting that it inadvertently poses limits to our imagination parochializing research pauperizing its theoretical capacity and limiting its potential for comparison by automatically organizing differences into the preconceived categories of what it is and what it is not it is proposed that the concept re produces artificial boundaries that consign post socialist urban research to the peripheries of urban knowledge joining the vast ranks of ordinary cities that fail to meet the criteria of relevance or admissibility embedded in the hegemonic theorizations stemming mainly from the northwest quadrant of the world map using the example of an extremely peripheral city in kazakhstan this essay argues that research on the post socialist city should turn its focus to relations networks and flows while simultaneously dropping the post socialist which re produces differences vis a vis the supposed normality of the western city differences that are either imagined exaggerated misrepresented outdated or imposed abstract from author", "title_raw": "Three Metals and the 'Post\u2010Socialist City': Reclaiming the Peripheries of Urban Knowledge.", "abstract_raw": "Urban theory has long been in the grip of a handful of cities and, despite the recent recalibration of the catalogue of cities that inform it, the emerging geographies of urban studies remain skewed, at the expense of cities often referred to as 'post\u2010socialist'. This essay considers the notion of the 'post\u2010socialist city', suggesting that it inadvertently poses limits to our imagination, parochializing research, pauperizing its theoretical capacity, and limiting its potential for comparison by automatically organizing differences into the preconceived categories of what it is and what it is not. It is proposed that the concept (re)produces artificial boundaries that consign 'post\u2010socialist' urban research to the peripheries of urban knowledge, joining the vast ranks of ordinary cities that fail to meet the criteria of relevance or admissibility embedded in the hegemonic theorizations stemming (mainly) from the northwest quadrant of the world map. Using the example of an extremely peripheral city in Kazakhstan, this essay argues that research on the 'post\u2010socialist city' should turn its focus to relations, networks and flows while simultaneously dropping the 'post\u2010socialist', which (re)produces differences vis\u2010a\u2010vis the supposed normality of the 'Western' city\u2013\u2013differences that are either imagined, exaggerated, misrepresented, outdated or imposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]" }, { "paper": "2557196749", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2018", "title": "territoriality by conservation in the selous niassa corridor in tanzania", "label": [ "94625758", "65117487", "2778571376", "169768988", "2780400262" ], "author": [ "2315988103", "2123812129" ], "reference": [ "136679497", "278563291", "597757997", "1484531482", "1488446026", "1532001639", "1551936111", "1572125629", "1596967910", "1871961307", "1938203320", "1952974621", "1968135885", "1975932663", "1984995831", "1992925306", "2005882221", "2010474212", "2015038397", "2017868507", "2019945090", "2021532181", "2024763571", "2026851609", "2031983113", "2039405582", "2046911959", "2051902364", "2056118888", "2062296088", "2082245608", "2089029652", "2089250068", "2094114977", "2094836735", "2097881842", "2104354070", "2104514715", "2105210094", "2127885575", "2128482129", "2137056263", "2137271717", "2139646120", "2141694134", "2143053583", "2146826537", "2151260877", "2155747373", "2157561558", "2167251327", "2184521434", "2207271312", "2237584255", "2255965482", "2281508470", "2295915973", "2487576412", "2510177274", "2525873396", "2613628123", "2621839259", "2625293828", "2795601895", "2964378181", "2970177576", "3154739585" ], "abstract": "summary in this paper we argue that historically emerging frontiers of conservation pave the way for continuous top down territorialization drawing on a concrete case in the selous niassa corridor in southern tanzania we show how a frontier emerged in the form of community based conservation decades of consecutive and continuous territorialization projects based on mapping and boundary making have ensured that conservation is beyond questioning despite failures in the processes of demarcating controlling and managing this large scale socio spatial intervention although these failures produce territorial conflicts and confusions on the ground we argue that in the context of a conservation frontier the gap between the envisioned ideal and the messy reality is used to legitimize continuous conservation interventions that rely on technical expertise rather than political dialog while such top down territorialization by community based conservation inevitably remains partial and contingent this is nonetheless a powerful and resilient project that gradually transforms communal landscapes into conservation territories with little room for public debate", "title_raw": "Territoriality by Conservation in the Selous\u2013Niassa Corridor in Tanzania", "abstract_raw": "Summary In this paper we argue that historically emerging frontiers of conservation pave the way for continuous top\u2013down territorialization. Drawing on a concrete case in the Selous\u2013Niassa Corridor in Southern Tanzania, we show how a frontier emerged in the form of community-based conservation. Decades of consecutive and continuous territorialization projects, based on mapping and boundary making, have ensured that conservation is beyond questioning, despite failures in the processes of demarcating, controlling, and managing this large-scale socio-spatial intervention. Although these failures produce territorial conflicts and confusions on the ground, we argue that in the context of a conservation frontier the gap between the envisioned ideal and the messy reality is used to legitimize continuous conservation interventions that rely on technical expertise rather than political dialog. While such top\u2013down territorialization by community-based conservation inevitably remains partial and contingent, this is nonetheless a powerful and resilient project that gradually transforms communal landscapes into conservation territories with little room for public debate." }, { "paper": "3123994789", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2018", "title": "litigating data sovereignty", "label": [ "170706310", "2780597233", "2778099626", "2776949292", "93377909", "2778490220", "186229450" ], "author": [ "2550898195" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Litigating Data Sovereignty", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2912595644", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2018", "title": "how trump s policies are helping china", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2913164298" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Trump\u2019s Policies Are Helping China", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2755672425", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2018", "title": "the micro politics of norm contestation between the osce and kazakhstan square pegs in round holes", "label": [ "68346564", "125559964", "520049643", "199539241", "94625758", "44725695" ], "author": [ "2260959964" ], "reference": [ "200283296", "626567188", "649056258", "1168164241", "1488643198", "1511868777", "1554166322", "1738564968", "1797246208", "1967957858", "1976903841", "1982727021", "2020509255", "2029732602", "2035654694", "2049386702", "2050768906", "2110438916", "2116485711", "2164304100", "2321452272", "2407871514", "2548189157", "2559032077", "2606447365" ], "abstract": "norm contestation by local actors has emerged in recent years as an explanation for the failure of norm diffusion this article contributes to the literature on norm contestation by analysing how norms diffused by the organisation for security and cooperation in europe osce pertaining to election observation and free and fair voting are re constituted and contested by domestic actors in kazakhstan the study contributes to the idea of constitutive localisation by emphasising a more fundamental level of disagreement beyond just congruence between the diffused norm and local beliefs by demonstrating contestation can occur in the later stages in the norm diffusion cycle by focusing on the micro politics of contestation by local actors involved in the implementation of diffused norms and by revealing how norm contestation is not necessarily a process of emancipatory politics but a strategic act to serve authoritarian consolidation utilising a four fold framework the analysis illustrates how norms while initially accepted by kazakhstani authorities are reconstituted through political discourse and or practice creating the moment of contestation while this contestation is instrumentalised by political elites for their own advantage it also remains an important element of agency within a normative order which they had little previous control over", "title_raw": "The micro-politics of norm contestation between the OSCE and Kazakhstan: square pegs in round holes", "abstract_raw": "Norm contestation by local actors has emerged in recent years as an explanation for the failure of norm diffusion. This article contributes to the literature on norm contestation by analysing how norms diffused by the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) pertaining to election observation and free and fair voting are re-constituted and contested by domestic actors in Kazakhstan. The study contributes to the idea of \u2018constitutive localisation\u2019 by emphasising a more fundamental level of disagreement beyond just congruence between the diffused norm and local beliefs; by demonstrating contestation can occur in the later stages in the norm diffusion cycle; by focusing on the micro-politics of contestation by local actors involved in the implementation of diffused norms; and by revealing how norm contestation is not necessarily a process of emancipatory politics, but a strategic act to serve authoritarian consolidation. Utilising a four-fold framework, the analysis illustrates how norms, while initially accepted by Kazakhstani authorities, are reconstituted through political discourse and/or practice, creating the moment of contestation. While this contestation is instrumentalised by political elites for their own advantage, it also remains an important element of agency within a normative order which they had little previous control over." }, { "paper": "2788612612", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2018", "title": "why civil wars are lasting longer", "label": [ "158071213" ], "author": [ "2117495690", "2786203903" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Why Civil Wars Are Lasting Longer", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2805563373", "venue": "6814119", "year": "2018", "title": "the secondary crisis communication of occupy central on weibo a response to denis tolkach", "label": [ "107029721", "2776058685", "2780105190", "18918823", "518677369" ], "author": [ "2610818860", "2335190934" ], "reference": [ "2014589626", "2128638772", "2133178514", "2297661094", "2314458344", "2350532717", "2363915771", "2372553595", "2580855917", "2594810209", "2608130230", "2611195605", "2734334267", "2736153207", "2775521265", "2794345907" ], "abstract": "abstract this is a response to the rejoinder by tolkach 2018 to luo and zhai s 2017 paper i will never go to hong kong again how the secondary crisis communication of occupy central on weibo shifted to a tourism boycott the authors recognize tolkach s suggestion on academic debates but hold different opinions to his arguments thus further clarification is provided to tolkach s two main concerns the impact of occupy central on hong kong tourism and sentiment analysis of censored material this response emphasizes that luo and zhai primarily discussed the secondary crisis communication and public emotions that arose in the chinese social media over the events in hong kong and not the events themselves additionally this rejoinder provides more information on tourism between mainland china and hong kong the environment of chinese social media and academic research progress in mainland china it also advocates an empathetic understanding in cross cultural academic dialogue", "title_raw": "The secondary crisis communication of Occupy Central on Weibo: A response to Denis Tolkach", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This is a response to the rejoinder by Tolkach (2018) to Luo and Zhai's (2017) paper (\u201cI will never go to Hong Kong again\u201d How the secondary crisis communication of \u201cOccupy Central\u201d on Weibo shifted to a tourism boycott). The authors recognize Tolkach's suggestion on academic debates but hold different opinions to his arguments. Thus, further clarification is provided to Tolkach's two main concerns: the impact of Occupy Central on Hong Kong tourism and sentiment analysis of censored material. This response emphasizes that Luo and Zhai primarily discussed the secondary crisis communication and public emotions that arose in the Chinese social media over the events in Hong Kong, and not the events themselves. Additionally this rejoinder provides more information on Tourism between mainland China and Hong Kong, the environment of Chinese social media, and academic research progress in mainland China. It also advocates an \u201cempathetic understanding\u201d in cross-cultural academic dialogue." }, { "paper": "2890316337", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2018", "title": "state media and civil society in the information warfare over ukraine citizen curators of digital disinformation", "label": [ "199539241", "2781349506", "2776552730", "2776398702", "513891491" ], "author": [ "2891817114", "2755614144", "74855757" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "State, media and civil society in the information warfare over Ukraine: citizen curators of digital disinformation", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2789753181", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2018", "title": "economic voting in latin america rules and responsibility", "label": [ "520049643", "158886217" ], "author": [ "2313890007", "2014625105" ], "reference": [ "594802542", "1589423376", "1966977689", "1967972700", "1970000435", "1976509432", "1984778247", "1985260637", "1986992502", "1987209076", "1988543298", "2001898713", "2003363437", "2009111523", "2010225203", "2021681947", "2032786121", "2034164313", "2043216437", "2044531730", "2048137421", "2053862697", "2058863953", "2061363501", "2066755554", "2071242700", "2075931098", "2078194049", "2091689240", "2095978610", "2096735723", "2099304543", "2103993554", "2105166886", "2107957306", "2116913953", "2119713041", "2120506703", "2123378122", "2126366527", "2132645007", "2139885878", "2147574293", "2159463455", "2170648761", "2170883809", "2171908042", "2183123539", "2190500996", "2322061938", "2325450998", "2329103711", "2339855260", "2478675869", "2488610045", "2576660621", "2590303286", "2590617448", "3046723133", "3122219988" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Economic Voting in Latin America: Rules and Responsibility", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2889086980", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2018", "title": "cooperative autocracies leader survival creditworthiness and bilateral investment treaties", "label": [ "144661447" ], "author": [ "2508156684", "2002606263", "2096600233" ], "reference": [ "51774562", "123207695", "656483739", "656577657", "1513859877", "1535643370", "1562797403", "1604611898", "1606029937", "1834459013", "1875054897", "1966252227", "1968772026", "1968837394", "1995191129", "1995964689", "1998207365", "2018623530", "2018924224", "2042252327", "2044945942", "2045672904", "2060948512", "2077246846", "2088138400", "2093248821", "2095609712", "2097896081", "2099951346", "2102122212", "2105394121", "2113731274", "2118589258", "2130162792", "2130802023", "2134375389", "2135035101", "2140362868", "2146281975", "2150371751", "2150752812", "2165819037", "2255102440", "2261999975", "2334862275", "2469991320", "2487850831", "2493522576", "2527252623", "2561410205", "2600769862", "2616990396", "2617569995", "2945701704", "3020877949", "3089654346", "3121274513", "3121484394", "3121544278", "3123291475", "3123962350", "3124002238", "3124131699", "3124278253", "3124407448", "3124833360", "3125427492", "3125484549", "3125822883", "3150364363" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Cooperative Autocracies: Leader Survival, Creditworthiness, and Bilateral Investment Treaties*", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2901889111", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2018", "title": "electing peace from civil conflict to political participation by aila m matanock new york cambridge university press 2017 335p 99 99 cloth 34 99 paper", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758", "2776594853" ], "author": [ "1893200486" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Electing Peace: From Civil Conflict to Political Participation. By Aila M. Matanock. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 335p. $99.99 cloth, $34.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2795576653", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2018", "title": "building from within family and the political membership of immigrants", "label": [ "94625758", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2795795363" ], "reference": [ "154780651", "601424489", "602831092", "654282502", "1498744902", "2025974154", "2027302728", "2052103733", "2895417384" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Building from Within: Family and the Political Membership of Immigrants", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2789114315", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2018", "title": "precision maps for public health", "label": [ "2779297142", "160735492" ], "author": [ "2012376199", "1963592374" ], "reference": [ "1577552252", "2417712299", "2788260970", "2788364872" ], "abstract": "researchers have produced high resolution maps of childhood growth failure and educational attainment across africa between 2000 and 2015 to assess progress and guide policy decisions in public health researchers have produced high resolution maps of childhood growth failure and educational attainment across africa between 2000 and 2015 to assess progress and guide policy decisions in public health", "title_raw": "Precision maps for public health", "abstract_raw": "Researchers have produced high-resolution maps of childhood growth failure and educational attainment across Africa between 2000 and 2015, to assess progress and guide policy decisions in public health. Researchers have produced high-resolution maps of childhood growth failure and educational attainment across Africa between 2000 and 2015, to assess progress and guide policy decisions in public health." }, { "paper": "2903452657", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2018", "title": "genome edited baby claim provokes international outcry", "label": [ "2776446040", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2920522545", "1986577267" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "t he startling announcement by a chinese scientist represents a controversial leap in the use of genome editing t he startling announcement by a chinese scientist represents a controversial leap in the use of genome editing", "title_raw": "Genome-edited baby claim provokes international outcry.", "abstract_raw": "T\ufeffhe startling announcement by a Chinese scientist represents a controversial leap in the use of genome editing. T\ufeffhe startling announcement by a Chinese scientist represents a controversial leap in the use of genome-editing." }, { "paper": "2765814601", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2018", "title": "the non profit sector in today s russia between confrontation and co optation", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "920152276", "2102518487", "2152804588" ], "reference": [ "22936673", "27812531", "154471334", "242410142", "347285185", "1115507166", "1438912788", "1566792200", "1583877405", "1867938248", "1874448835", "1974025712", "1979712496", "2002943306", "2009883605", "2030972031", "2035156718", "2045634837", "2046128674", "2050173222", "2087109754", "2089495081", "2091325450", "2097252220", "2100480315", "2103789357", "2117963689", "2128951586", "2142196097", "2148774212", "2156256594", "2161343231", "2227214034", "2229484576", "2253644536", "2274274190", "2288677251", "2304361434", "2338342228", "2338483077", "2460249637", "2465701162", "2470063274", "2487742927", "2490074465", "2534876158", "2554499357", "2564313559", "2587595678", "2723069402", "2732941109", "2734545602", "2756940768" ], "abstract": "in present day russia the government s approach towards the non profit sector is in many ways ambivalent and contradictory the russian government follows two opposing strategies it largely suppr", "title_raw": "The Non-profit Sector in Today\u2019s Russia: Between Confrontation and Co-optation", "abstract_raw": "In present-day Russia, the government\u2019s approach towards the non-profit sector is in many ways ambivalent and contradictory. The Russian government follows two opposing strategies: it largely suppr..." }, { "paper": "2799803988", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2018", "title": "advancing the ethics of paleogenomics", "label": [ "2779010840", "2779306362" ], "author": [ "2120339278", "2156778654", "2161229768", "2118052080", "2527117887", "2800508090", "1790881070" ], "reference": [ "1515562877", "1563285740", "1588626794", "1809850192", "2035567831", "2345969225", "2492648931", "2589264580", "2765224031", "2994156939" ], "abstract": "recent scientific developments have drawn renewed attention to the complex relationships among indigenous peoples the scientific community settler colonial governments and ancient human remains 1 2 increasingly dna testing of ancestral remains uncovered in the america s is being used in disputes over these remains 3 however articulations of ethical principles and practices in paleogenomics have not kept pace 4 even as results of these studies can have negative consequences undermining or complicating community claims in treaty repatriation territorial or other legal cases paleogenomic narratives may also misconstrue or contradict community histories potentially harming community or individual identities paleogenomic data can reveal information about descendant communities that may be stigmatizing such as genetic susceptibilities to disease given the potential consequences for indigenous communities it is critical that paleogenomic researchers consider their ethical obligations more carefully than in the past", "title_raw": "Advancing the ethics of paleogenomics", "abstract_raw": "Recent scientific developments have drawn renewed attention to the complex relationships among Indigenous peoples, the scientific community, settler colonial governments, and ancient human remains ( 1 , 2 ). Increasingly, DNA testing of ancestral remains uncovered in the America s is being used in disputes over these remains ( 3 ). However, articulations of ethical principles and practices in paleogenomics have not kept pace ( 4 ), even as results of these studies can have negative consequences, undermining or complicating community claims in treaty, repatriation, territorial, or other legal cases. Paleogenomic narratives may also misconstrue or contradict community histories, potentially harming community or individual identities. Paleogenomic data can reveal information about descendant communities that may be stigmatizing, such as genetic susceptibilities to disease. Given the potential consequences for Indigenous communities, it is critical that paleogenomic researchers consider their ethical obligations more carefully than in the past." }, { "paper": "2896278767", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2018", "title": "how to save globalization", "label": [ "2119116" ], "author": [ "330857360", "2169078188" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How to Save Globalization", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2889739439", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2018", "title": "offline why has global health forgotten cancer", "label": [ "46578552" ], "author": [ "2103291230" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Offline: Why has global health forgotten cancer?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2790328150", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2018", "title": "a european response to non compliance the commission s enforcement efforts and the common european asylum system", "label": [ "2776034101", "2779777834", "199539241", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2590440171" ], "reference": [ "569947028", "1500708800", "1501250910", "1503036657", "1894823585", "1914679505", "1965174419", "1965262161", "1978444751", "2004607360", "2010813277", "2011054745", "2014509955", "2033346537", "2050999060", "2067544803", "2069824834", "2082662816", "2091122827", "2091737020", "2093248821", "2095732532", "2102827369", "2107965737", "2123359946", "2131365421", "2148627986", "2162379174", "2165901413", "2170383584", "2298808864", "2431384661", "2485644851", "2495725524", "2499657181", "2518215184", "2554370042", "2573684561", "3121269428", "3122523075", "3124283101", "3124401453", "3125406161" ], "abstract": "this article aims at systematically analysing the european commission s effort to enforce compliance with the common european asylum system ceas in recent years human rights organisations have", "title_raw": "A European response to non-compliance: the Commission\u2019s enforcement efforts and the Common European Asylum System", "abstract_raw": "This article aims at systematically analysing the European Commission\u2019s effort to enforce compliance with the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). In recent years, human rights organisations have ..." }, { "paper": "2971654443", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2018", "title": "after credibility american foreign policy in the trump era", "label": [ "2780224610", "93377909" ], "author": [ "250816704" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "After credibility: American foreign policy in the trump era", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2793824499", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2018", "title": "the politics of protestant churches and the party state in china god above party carsten t vala london routledge 2018 x 231 pp 105 00 isbn 978 1 1380 3690 1", "label": [ "2776398702", "111021475", "191935318", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2634966462" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Protestant Churches and the Party-State in China: God above Party? Carsten T. Vala London: Routledge, 2018 x + 231 pp. \u00a3105.00 ISBN 978-1-1380-3690-1", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2785363076", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2018", "title": "science in limbo as us government shuts down", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2075555418", "2785032607", "1986577267", "2144011504", "1981307953", "273399073" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "grants are set to dry up space launches could be delayed and some experiments could be ruined grants are set to dry up space launches could be delayed and some experiments could be ruined", "title_raw": "Science in limbo as US government shuts down", "abstract_raw": "Grants are set to dry up, space launches could be delayed and some experiments could be ruined. Grants are set to dry up, space launches could be delayed and some experiments could be ruined." }, { "paper": "2810853510", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2018", "title": "opening the lab door", "label": [ "83009810", "39549134", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2601760813" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in the past 6 months the animal research community has been blindsided by a series of legislative defeats animal activist groups have scored victories at the state and local levels ending experiments at top federal labs and passing laws that compel researchers to adopt out their lab animals at the same time public support for animal research in the u s continues to decline in response some pro research groups are urging u s universities and scientists to be more transparent about the animals they use and why they use them but it9s unclear who will get on board with these efforts and whether they will turn the tide", "title_raw": "Opening the lab door", "abstract_raw": "In the past 6 months, the animal research community has been blindsided by a series of legislative defeats. Animal activist groups have scored victories at the state and local levels, ending experiments at top federal labs and passing laws that compel researchers to adopt out their lab animals. At the same time, public support for animal research in the U.S. continues to decline. In response, some pro-research groups are urging U.S. universities and scientists to be more transparent about the animals they use and why they use them. But it9s unclear who will get on board with these efforts\u2014and whether they will turn the tide." }, { "paper": "2895299858", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2018", "title": "tatjana lichtenstein zionists in interwar czechoslovakia minority nationalism and the politics of belonging", "label": [ "521449643", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2895382176" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Tatjana Lichtenstein. Zionists in Interwar Czechoslovakia: Minority Nationalism and the Politics of Belonging.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2805078963", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2018", "title": "james q whitman hitler s american model the united states and the making of nazi race law", "label": [ "5616717", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1967170949" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "James Q. Whitman. Hitler\u2019s American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2896418904", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2018", "title": "how to avoid an avoidable war", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2638852691" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How to Avoid an Avoidable War", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2808443017", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2018", "title": "philosophy for public administration", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2336852387" ], "reference": [ "435283131", "597744931", "610936175", "1579930842", "2015764636", "2025455742", "2130578791", "2496725380" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Philosophy for Public Administration", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2899224727", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2018", "title": "europe s brexit eu perspectives on britain s vote to leave edited by t oliver newcastle upon tyne agenda publishing 2018 isbn 9781788210522 xiii 262pp 90 00 hb book reviews", "label": [ "151719136" ], "author": [ "2899164819" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Europe's Brexit: EU Perspectives on Britain's Vote to Leave, edited by T.Oliver (Newcastle upon Tyne: Agenda Publishing, 2018, ISBN 9781788210522); xiii+262pp., $90.00 hb.: Book Reviews", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2903408121", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2018", "title": "editorial publish and perish a plea to deans faculty chairpersons university authorities in this issue", "label": [ "41458344", "2777886440" ], "author": [ "2902582042" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Editorial: Publish and Perish: A Plea to Deans, Faculty Chairpersons, University Authorities; In this Issue", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2768476732", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2018", "title": "contentious politics in the trump era", "label": [ "2778814104", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2900395947", "2212350471", "2111468976", "2769821678", "2318907631", "2559556176", "2135357991" ], "reference": [ "602297961", "1503656438", "1556657634", "1825225513", "1973529553", "2000167492", "2009952390", "2035675634", "2045899924", "2119085661", "2119886429", "2123751309", "2132282266", "2137122927", "2149047800", "2168187984", "2185706210", "2214643740", "2320118167", "2322691101", "2488171048", "2511820373", "2585011014", "2612769016", "2734964862", "3124321814" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Contentious Politics in the Trump Era", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2782728681", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2018", "title": "angola s elections and the politics of presidential succession", "label": [ "94625758", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2499191841", "26627126", "2621288292" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Angola\u2019s elections and the politics of presidential succession", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2888102919", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2018", "title": "party polarization in america the war over two social contracts by b dan wood and soren jordan cambridge cambridge university press 2017 388p 120 00 cloth", "label": [ "81631423", "54726253" ], "author": [ "2796517898" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Party Polarization in America: The War Over Two Social Contracts. By B. Dan Wood and Soren Jordan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 388p. $120.00 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2787926737", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2018", "title": "book review the making of a party system minor parties in the australian senate", "label": [ "199539241", "2779760435" ], "author": [ "1991032955" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book review: The Making of a Party System: Minor Parties in the Australian Senate", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2783684721", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2018", "title": "are members of congress simply single minded seekers of reelection an examination of legislative behavior in the 114th congress", "label": [ "2776493517", "199539241", "83009810" ], "author": [ "2783112307" ], "reference": [ "1521468538", "2094647264", "2164540423" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Are Members of Congress Simply \u2018Single-Minded Seekers of Reelection\u2019? An Examination of Legislative Behavior in the 114th Congress", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2598075199", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2018", "title": "enemies within interactions between terrorists and democracies", "label": [ "2777672627", "21711469", "94625758", "203133693", "203715995" ], "author": [ "2599614653" ], "reference": [ "1972708662", "1978056023", "1983119133", "1994556694", "1999164934", "2005573060", "2006919816", "2008640468", "2019176210", "2020003754", "2023013307", "2031266882", "2034301206", "2059818569", "2060181635", "2060644981", "2062917721", "2063890925", "2074064000", "2106733381", "2109949153", "2111307659", "2116559484", "2119168393", "2120846263", "2125711184", "2126337958", "2130354587", "2132509947", "2150082128", "2151780178", "2151787140", "2153765806", "2159095021", "2167805446", "2169857208", "2397133345", "2978595579", "3121145802", "3122103792", "3122986715", "3124635965", "3126072477" ], "abstract": "i examine how the chief executive s political party affects domestic terrorism within democracies in particular i contribute to the literature on terrorism within democracies by arguing that dome", "title_raw": "Enemies within: Interactions between Terrorists and Democracies", "abstract_raw": "I examine how the chief executive\u2019s political party affects domestic terrorism within democracies. In particular, I contribute to the literature on terrorism within democracies by arguing that dome..." }, { "paper": "2902860602", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2018", "title": "the house of government a saga of the russian revolution", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2902237042" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The House of Government. A Saga of the Russian Revolution", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2792155528", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2018", "title": "power and principle the politics of international criminal courts by christopher rudolph ithaca ny cornell university press 2017 232p 45 00 cloth", "label": [ "2776051254", "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2790622330" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Power and Principle: The Politics of International Criminal Courts. By Christopher Rudolph. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017. 232p. $45.00 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2801766322", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2018", "title": "neoliberal moral economy capitalism socio cultural change and fraud in uganda by jorg wiegratz london rowman and littlefield 2016 pp x 375 90 00 hbk 29 95 pbk 29 99 e pub", "label": [ "514928085", "2778651285" ], "author": [ "2106755380" ], "reference": [ "1489362111", "2037551214", "2499668255" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Neoliberal Moral Economy: Capitalism, Socio-Cultural Change and Fraud in Uganda by J\u00f6rg Wiegratz London: Rowman and Littlefield, 2016. Pp. x + 375. \u00a390\u00b700 (hbk). \u00a329\u00b795 (pbk). \u00a329\u00b799 (e-pub).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2903412029", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2018", "title": "stefan ihrig justifying genocide germany and the armenians from bismarck to hitler", "label": [ "204342414" ], "author": [ "2507381508" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Stefan Ihrig. Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2883068567", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2018", "title": "citizens evaluations of campaign pledge fulfillment in canada", "label": [ "2780643141", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2338514482", "2186817733" ], "reference": [ "178177854", "187323818", "1567230220", "1677862708", "1746788904", "1980414749", "1985669782", "1987458214", "1999414349", "2007821594", "2010398643", "2012163745", "2012627227", "2027451447", "2041246934", "2043079067", "2046411627", "2046411892", "2048832313", "2063608249", "2065515317", "2070811992", "2083771716", "2087521872", "2106625833", "2108217840", "2122532332", "2127387027", "2149893809", "2150796138", "2155259695", "2329103711", "2345797144", "2592290488" ], "abstract": "we examine citizens evaluations of specific campaign pledge fulfillment using data from the 2015 canadian election study we find that the accuracy of these evaluations increases in the presence o", "title_raw": "Citizens\u2019 evaluations of campaign pledge fulfillment in Canada:", "abstract_raw": "We examine citizens\u2019 evaluations of specific campaign pledge fulfillment using data from the 2015 Canadian Election Study. We find that the accuracy of these evaluations increases in the presence o..." }, { "paper": "2793369589", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2018", "title": "susan owens 2015 knowledge policy and expertise the uk royal commission on environmental pollution 1970 2011 oxford oxford university press", "label": [ "3116431", "2777598814", "2779579949" ], "author": [ "2523351576" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Susan Owens 2015: Knowledge, Policy, and Expertise: The UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution 1970\u20132011. Oxford: Oxford University Press.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2799664872", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2018", "title": "banking on health the world bank and health sector reform in latin america", "label": [ "158886217" ], "author": [ "2792430063" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Banking on Health: The World Bank and Health Sector Reform in Latin America", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2885226324", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2018", "title": "when china rules the web", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2258085238" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "When China Rules the Web", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2766382850", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2018", "title": "the consequences of elite party politics for american macropartisanship", "label": [ "3116431", "94625758", "2775987171", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2488382061" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "studies of macropartisanship exclusively focus on presidential performance s role in driving partisan updating performance may determine which party benefits from updating but i propose that the", "title_raw": "The consequences of elite party politics for American macropartisanship", "abstract_raw": "Studies of macropartisanship exclusively focus on presidential performance\u2019s role in driving partisan updating. Performance may determine which party benefits from updating, but I propose that the ..." }, { "paper": "2747200322", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2018", "title": "the wielding influence of political networks representation in majority latino districts", "label": [ "2776359362", "2780849931", "39549134", "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2791635995" ], "reference": [ "1512685793", "1560561296", "1579886157", "1756172943", "1954654183", "1970943191", "1984009770", "1986020184", "1998553317", "2015483740", "2030935779", "2044496376", "2052546746", "2056991013", "2067065877", "2108916662", "2128907712", "2130400172", "2141652117", "2148778355", "2151455806", "2158773967", "2162853957", "2314178531", "2314450397", "2318888657", "2331259437", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "latino majority congressional districts are far more likely to elect latino representatives to congress than majority white districts however not all majority latino districts do so this paper addresses this question and it investigates how the level of influence of political parties and interest groups in majority latino districts substantially shape latino representation to the u s house of representatives i rely on five case studies and a dataset of candidates to open congressional races with a latino population plurality from 2004 2014 the evidence indicates that groups and political networks are critical for latino a candidate recruitment the organization of resources in a congressional district the deployment of campaign resources on behalf of certain candidates and the eventual success of latino candidates the findings suggest that latino descriptive and substantive representation are shaped by the wielding influence of political parties and interest groups", "title_raw": "The Wielding Influence of Political Networks: Representation in Majority-Latino Districts", "abstract_raw": "Latino-majority congressional districts are far more likely to elect Latino representatives to Congress than majority-white districts. However, not all majority-Latino districts do so. This paper addresses this question and it investigates how the level of influence of political parties and interest groups in majority-Latino districts substantially shape Latino representation to the U.S. House of Representatives. I rely on five case studies and a dataset of candidates to open congressional races with a Latino population plurality from 2004-2014. The evidence indicates that groups and political networks are critical for Latino/a candidate recruitment, the organization of resources in a congressional district, the deployment of campaign resources on behalf of certain candidates and the eventual success of Latino candidates. The findings suggest that Latino descriptive and substantive representation are shaped by the wielding influence of political parties and interest groups." }, { "paper": "2375727512", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2018", "title": "state power rethinking the role of the state in political corporate social responsibility", "label": [ "2778061430", "2776398702", "2119116", "141261163", "94625758", "119232533", "2776310101" ], "author": [ "2201594160" ], "reference": [ "37844661", "115217648", "319371015", "602277457", "603031645", "633661686", "650293751", "1073794991", "1481625500", "1482538694", "1489790746", "1492003014", "1515345476", "1520834990", "1524984549", "1568759216", "1589044005", "1785165486", "1831297970", "1901832110", "1906628489", "1967877710", "1971099350", "1977905103", "1979370403", "1992447764", "1994294644", "2004388164", "2004639164", "2008839056", "2031479771", "2035880114", "2037885451", "2040297221", "2051353887", "2053897632", "2055313171", "2056403702", "2059208633", "2059573187", "2068629568", "2075598653", "2077857556", "2078658822", "2079377200", "2081875929", "2086982483", "2087107032", "2090120862", "2098199830", "2098226054", "2099036569", "2104540554", "2104801244", "2106383536", "2118389480", "2119598440", "2119632634", "2120079361", "2121712068", "2122155259", "2122387224", "2124249305", "2128580910", "2130752255", "2131615907", "2137566630", "2144279059", "2144732793", "2146852121", "2155090400", "2158713468", "2162095710", "2162574719", "2162965281", "2165022267", "2178362684", "2263929149", "2275084829", "2275361130", "2296775733", "2298731702", "2316718077", "2332106016", "2335803151", "2400641945", "2474901907", "2488123122", "2493153213", "2582471275", "2601089920", "2602616298", "2606686169", "2626798046", "2799071478", "3121510086", "3121801335", "3121857506", "3122221547", "3122342435", "3122644891", "3123359979", "3123667852", "3126136527", "3160073252" ], "abstract": "key accomplishments of political corporate social responsibility csr scholarship have been the identification of global governance gaps and a proposal how to tackle them political csr scholarship assumes that the traditional roles of state and business have eroded with states losing power and business gaining power in a globalized world consequently the future of csr lies in political csr with new global governance forms which are organized by mainly non state actors the objective of the paper is to deepen our understanding of political csr and reintegrate notions of state power into political csr scholarship by highlighting how states 1 set the context within which business takes place 2 regulate offshore business practices and 3 play pivotal roles in new global governance mechanisms", "title_raw": "State Power: Rethinking the Role of the State in Political Corporate Social Responsibility", "abstract_raw": "Key accomplishments of political corporate social responsibility (CSR) scholarship have been the identification of global governance gaps and a proposal how to tackle them. Political CSR scholarship assumes that the traditional roles of state and business have eroded, with states losing power and business gaining power in a globalized world. Consequently, the future of CSR lies in political CSR with new global governance forms which are organized by mainly non-state actors. The objective of the paper is to deepen our understanding of political CSR and reintegrate notions of state power into political CSR scholarship by highlighting how states (1) set the context within which business takes place, (2) regulate offshore business practices, and (3) play pivotal roles in new global governance mechanisms." }, { "paper": "2888606018", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2018", "title": "massive 30 million grant will be awarded to one cardiovascular research team", "label": [ "2780966255" ], "author": [ "2887887069" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "british heart foundation award is one of the largest single grants in medical research british heart foundation award is one of the largest single grants in medical research", "title_raw": "Massive \u00a330-million grant will be awarded to one cardiovascular research team.", "abstract_raw": "British Heart Foundation award is one of the largest single grants in medical research. British Heart Foundation award is one of the largest single grants in medical research." }, { "paper": "2900653573", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2018", "title": "governance entrepreneurs international organizations and the rise of global public private partnerships by liliana b andonova cambridge uk cambridge university press 2017 286p 99 99 cloth", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2147056379" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Governance Entrepreneurs: International Organizations and the Rise of Global Public-Private Partnerships. By Liliana B. Andonova. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 286p. $99.99 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2903407643", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2018", "title": "opening up to migration and health", "label": [ "47344431", "107062074", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2474011629", "2103291230" ], "reference": [ "2902040088" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Opening up to migration and health.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2782085767", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2018", "title": "public opinion legitimacy and tony blair s war in iraq", "label": [ "134698397", "199539241", "46295352" ], "author": [ "2130516775" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Public opinion, legitimacy and Tony Blair's war in Iraq", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2906162529", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2018", "title": "seeing through the screen interpreting american political film by bruce e altschuler lanham md lexington books 2017 194 pp 90 00", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2312507067" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Seeing through the Screen: Interpreting American Political Film by Bruce E.Altschuler. Lanham, MD, Lexington Books, 2017. 194 pp. $90.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2809308763", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2018", "title": "the south china sea and u s china rivalry", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "1564184873" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The South China Sea and U.S.\u2010China Rivalry", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2801030683", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2018", "title": "introduction personality party leaders and election campaigns", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2113924268", "2462667658" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Introduction: Personality, party leaders, and election campaigns", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2800509790", "venue": "160686149", "year": "2018", "title": "deference and hierarchy in international regime complexes", "label": [ "2779655753", "2776310101", "994546", "34974158", "2780597233", "2780248902" ], "author": [ "2740878282" ], "reference": [ "311565563", "649056258", "999234595", "1011719741", "1605186412", "1758541998", "1963756504", "2015898645", "2052886736", "2069292611", "2070343248", "2085567903", "2086710833", "2093248821", "2096974619", "2122512599", "2137463850", "2137579151", "2139030602", "2155340768", "2155884542", "2160160315", "2160894996", "2169899696", "2174706414", "2293794101", "2342429896", "2509661996", "3121299265", "3121881716", "3122896559", "3122904734", "3123145274", "3124381591", "3140820768", "3187097875" ], "abstract": "how do states resolve jurisdictional conflicts among international institutions in many issue areas global governance is increasingly fragmented among multiple international organizations ios existing work argues this fragmentation can undermine cooperation as different institutions adopt conflicting rules however this perspective overlooks the potential for interinstitutional coordination i develop a theory of institutional deference the acceptance of another io s exercise of authority by accepting rules crafted in another io member states can mitigate rule conflict and facilitate a division of labor within the regime complex i use an original data set of over 2 000 io policy documents to describe patterns of deference in the counterterrorism intellectual property and election monitoring regime complexes empirical tests support two theoretical claims first institutional deference is indeed associated with a division of labor among institutions ios that defer to each other are more likely to focus their rule making efforts on separate subissues second deference is a strategic act that is shaped both by efficiency concerns and power politics statistical tests confirm that deference is used to efficiently pool resources among disparate organizations and that ios with weaker member states tend to defer to organizations with more powerful members", "title_raw": "Deference and Hierarchy in International Regime Complexes", "abstract_raw": "How do states resolve jurisdictional conflicts among international institutions? In many issue areas, global governance is increasingly fragmented among multiple international organizations (IOs). Existing work argues this fragmentation can undermine cooperation as different institutions adopt conflicting rules. However, this perspective overlooks the potential for interinstitutional coordination. I develop a theory of institutional deference : the acceptance of another IO's exercise of authority. By accepting rules crafted in another IO, member states can mitigate rule conflict and facilitate a division of labor within the regime complex. I use an original data set of over 2,000 IO policy documents to describe patterns of deference in the counterterrorism, intellectual property, and election-monitoring regime complexes. Empirical tests support two theoretical claims. First, institutional deference is indeed associated with a division of labor among institutions: IOs that defer to each other are more likely to focus their rule-making efforts on separate subissues. Second, deference is a strategic act that is shaped both by efficiency concerns and power politics. Statistical tests confirm that deference is used to efficiently pool resources among disparate organizations, and that IOs with weaker member states tend to defer to organizations with more powerful members." }, { "paper": "2895120214", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2018", "title": "expanding the reach of science", "label": [ "44877443" ], "author": [ "2614124998" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "science education could bring new opportunities to developing countries science education could bring new opportunities to developing countries", "title_raw": "Expanding the reach of science", "abstract_raw": "Science education could bring new opportunities to developing countries. Science education could bring new opportunities to developing countries." }, { "paper": "2891627666", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2018", "title": "the judicial role in a diverse federation lessons from the supreme court of canada by robert schertzer", "label": [ "2778272461", "2911112267", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2001549072" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Judicial Role in a Diverse Federation: Lessons from the Supreme Court of Canada, by Robert Schertzer", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2804300631", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2018", "title": "states in disguise causes of state support for rebel groups by belgin san akca oxford oxford university press 2016", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2810106687" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "States in Disguise: Causes of State Support for Rebel Groups. By Belgin San-Akca. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2788897422", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2018", "title": "canada s efforts to ensure the health and wellbeing of indigenous peoples", "label": [ "78491826", "2909449942", "47344431", "2779473830", "109986646" ], "author": [ "2611123745" ], "reference": [ "3025351690", "3193549685" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Canada's efforts to ensure the health and wellbeing of Indigenous peoples.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2900289067", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2018", "title": "china s historical statecraft and the return of history", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2136277275" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China's historical statecraft and the return of history", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2795554894", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2018", "title": "egypt in a time of revolution contentious politics and the arab spring by neil ketchley review", "label": [ "2778814104" ], "author": [ "2654616953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Egypt in a Time of Revolution: Contentious Politics and the Arab Spring by Neil Ketchley (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2793542322", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2018", "title": "effects of government dialogic competency the mers outbreak and implications for public health crises and political legitimacy", "label": [ "46295352", "3116431", "2776663400", "148834064", "2780224610" ], "author": [ "2146102637" ], "reference": [ "321876236", "1594266738", "1653124710", "1876294113", "1966479879", "1966639915", "1968973086", "1972044701", "1976585376", "1980008357", "1986099892", "1987412219", "1989633113", "1989644691", "1990807804", "2000556368", "2004050437", "2004261569", "2010198920", "2013578837", "2015885630", "2019889574", "2030159864", "2046963677", "2047514118", "2048290043", "2049527133", "2052354263", "2055942833", "2057683109", "2062227283", "2071102766", "2071666535", "2074991102", "2080059158", "2080076970", "2085684184", "2088712037", "2093804816", "2095823787", "2099697766", "2119861206", "2125989577", "2126057348", "2135554906", "2155255398", "2158890459", "2162148411", "2162412465", "2162619581", "2166305352", "2263108892", "2528152951", "2767813830", "3011865677" ], "abstract": "during the middle east respiratory syndrome mers outbreak south korean citizens blamed the government for the lack of dialogue between the government and its publics low credibility of risk inf", "title_raw": "Effects of Government Dialogic Competency: The MERS Outbreak and Implications for Public Health Crises and Political Legitimacy:", "abstract_raw": "During the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak, South Korean citizens blamed the government for the lack of dialogue between the government and its publics, low credibility of risk inf..." }, { "paper": "3022311709", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2018", "title": "crusader for democracy the political life of william allen white", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2291607824" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Crusader for Democracy: The Political Life of William Allen White", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2795860952", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2018", "title": "has hosting on science direct improved the visibility of latin american scholarly journals a preliminary analysis of data quality", "label": [ "68151297", "48798503", "83867959", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2125590858", "2150780904" ], "reference": [ "1192401580", "1570958430", "1767272795", "1934095247", "1977247442", "1978408693", "1993717658", "2004631394", "2005944538", "2030192775", "2037046197", "2050733359", "2058180517", "2060560908", "2105122109", "2112256138", "2123564209", "2124106033", "2126622095", "2136922469", "2138408047", "2140526998", "2141922746", "2252573070", "2256002694", "2263336436", "2263342651", "2281739675", "2283893379", "2339905590", "2345690680", "2347162642", "2520427567", "2567266848", "2571558254", "2572791001", "2587196402", "2611602411", "2744152618", "2770811590", "3123237293" ], "abstract": "latin american regional journals have adopted measures to increase both their quality and visibility among which figures the promotion of their inclusion in international databases such as scopus and web of science an increasing number have recently taken advantage of the support and hosting services offered by elsevier on the science direct sd platform with the expectation of achieving this goal the present study takes a preliminary look at the tendencies in the coverage in these databases of a sample of open access latin american journals hosted on sd in june 2016 and their metadata to typify the most common errors which can affect the use of performance indicators in individual and institutional evaluations and the integration of authors into scholarly reputation systems a significant level of these errors was found relating to such aspects as journal coverage duplicate records reference data and links to full text in addition to conventions concerning author names and titles that adversely affect retrieval of articles and the correct assignation of author credit and of citations suggesting that present strategies have yet to deliver the expected results", "title_raw": "Has hosting on science direct improved the visibility of Latin American scholarly journals? A preliminary analysis of data quality", "abstract_raw": "Latin American regional journals have adopted measures to increase both their quality and visibility, among which figures the promotion of their inclusion in international databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. An increasing number have recently taken advantage of the support and hosting services offered by Elsevier on the Science Direct (SD) platform, with the expectation of achieving this goal. The present study takes a preliminary look at the tendencies in the coverage in these databases of a sample of open access Latin American journals hosted on SD in June 2016 and their metadata, to typify the most common errors which can affect the use of performance indicators in individual and institutional evaluations and the integration of authors into scholarly reputation systems. A significant level of these errors was found relating to such aspects as journal coverage, duplicate records, reference data and links to full text, in addition to conventions concerning author names and titles that adversely affect retrieval of articles and the correct assignation of author credit and of citations, suggesting that present strategies have yet to deliver the expected results." }, { "paper": "2808136789", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2018", "title": "book review media movements civil society and media policy reform in latin america by maria soledad segura and silvio waisbord", "label": [ "158886217", "513891491" ], "author": [ "2168474450" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Media Movements: Civil Society and Media Policy Reform in Latin America by Mar\u00eda Soledad Segura and Silvio Waisbord:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2808834851", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2018", "title": "congress s constitution legislative authority and the separation of powers by joshchafetz new haven ct yale university press 2017 448 pp 45 00", "label": [ "126053111", "199539241", "83009810", "2776154427" ], "author": [ "2176191215" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Congress's Constitution: Legislative Authority and the Separation of Powers by JoshChafetz. New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 2017. 448 pp. $45.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2884863448", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2018", "title": "public engagement helps scientists tackle global challenges", "label": [ "205112559", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2248599841" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Public engagement helps scientists tackle global challenges", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2905767065", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2018", "title": "china s governance puzzle enabling transparency and participation in a single party state jonathan r stromseth edmund j malesky and dimitar d gueorguiev cambridge and new york cambridge university press 2017 xix 326 pp 34 99 isbn 978 1 107 55332 3", "label": [ "3116431", "191935318", "2780233690" ], "author": [ "2046319436" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "China's Governance Puzzle: Enabling Transparency and Participation in a Single-Party State Jonathan R. Stromseth, Edmund J. Malesky and Dimitar D. Gueorguiev Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017 xix + 326 pp. $34.99 ISBN 978-1-107-55332-3", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2783314956", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2018", "title": "ill treatment and torture in sweden a critique of cross case comparisons", "label": [ "169437150", "544040105", "2778976748", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2128210204", "1594091" ], "reference": [ "1486367002", "1599099336", "2079643502" ], "abstract": "common perceptions of sweden seldom include images of ill treatment and torture however human rights reports published by amnesty int l and the us state dept describe recurring allegations of il", "title_raw": "Ill-Treatment and Torture in Sweden : A Critique of Cross-Case Comparisons", "abstract_raw": "Common perceptions of Sweden seldom include images of ill treatment and torture. However, human rights reports published by Amnesty Int'l and the US State Dept. describe recurring allegations of il ..." }, { "paper": "2901481018", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2018", "title": "russia s coercive diplomacy energy cyber and maritime policy as new sources of power by ryan c maness and brandon valeriano new york palgrave macmillan 2015 250p 109 99 cloth", "label": [ "557252395", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2118735353" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Russia\u2019s Coercive Diplomacy: Energy, Cyber, and Maritime Policy as New Sources of Power. By Ryan C. Maness and Brandon Valeriano. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. 250p. $109.99 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2804535009", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2018", "title": "ascending india and its state capacity extraction violence and legitimacy by sumit ganguly and william r thompson new haven yale university press 2017 352p 40 00 cloth", "label": [ "46295352", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2804678697" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ascending India and Its State Capacity: Extraction, Violence and Legitimacy. By Sumit Ganguly and William R. Thompson. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017. 352p. $40.00 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2795527511", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2018", "title": "steven g marks the information nexus global capitalism from the renaissance to the present", "label": [ "514928085" ], "author": [ "2483736421" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Steven G. Marks. The Information Nexus: Global Capitalism from the Renaissance to the Present.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2792565030", "venue": "165492527", "year": "2018", "title": "janet hunter deficient in commercial morality japan in global debates on business ethics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries london palgrave macmillan 2016 pp ix 116 3 tabs isbn 9781137586810 hbk 37 99 book review", "label": [ "200113983", "119232533" ], "author": [ "1972414620" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Janet Hunter, \u2018Deficient in commercial morality\u2019? Japan in global debates on business ethics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Pp. ix+116. 3 tabs. ISBN 9781137586810 Hbk. \u00a337.99): Book Review", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2891834253", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2018", "title": "why new zealand is an attractive destination for scientists", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2618153876" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the nation s fertile research landscape combined with a sustained funding drive makes it a rewarding place to work the nation s fertile research landscape combined with a sustained funding drive makes it a rewarding place to work", "title_raw": "Why New Zealand is an attractive destination for scientists", "abstract_raw": "The nation\u2019s fertile research landscape, combined with a sustained funding drive, makes it a rewarding place to work. The nation\u2019s fertile research landscape, combined with a sustained funding drive, makes it a rewarding place to work." }, { "paper": "2883929055", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2018", "title": "understanding the donor experience applying stewardship theory to higher education donors", "label": [ "120912362", "145197507", "39549134", "2779545187", "2780510313" ], "author": [ "2636672864" ], "reference": [ "195818569", "648362521", "1507493599", "1525670409", "1570863709", "1603879600", "1608816133", "1656864799", "1660498867", "1665332082", "1815596065", "1892644258", "1969913126", "1972044701", "1973438973", "1981358537", "1985391745", "1986619808", "1989794550", "1992033153", "1992426157", "1997484975", "2012317657", "2017282425", "2019889574", "2021060446", "2030667814", "2042700925", "2043831251", "2044587664", "2072108180", "2080760346", "2085067988", "2085958906", "2099342631", "2111524954", "2112693401", "2114782838", "2119625033", "2133264120", "2141029538", "2151179743", "2165608832", "2166369527", "2319738865", "2470578137", "2496790318", "2526454966", "2556120049", "2642054581", "2896548965", "2992697488", "3003297455", "3011074188", "3089047915" ], "abstract": "abstract this study sought to discover how stewardship strategies and involvement impact organization public relationship opr outcomes for higher education donors at three different levels of giving the first study to compare annual donors major gift donors with one endowment and major gift donors with two or more endowments suggests that each donor type experiences stewardship and opr differently specifically as donors deepen their giving relationship with an institution they experience stewardship and opr outcomes more positively additionally involvement only slightly contributes to this relationship between stewardship and opr outcomes findings also reveal that stewardship may include only three strategies including a new concept called respect implications for fundraising practice and theory are made", "title_raw": "Understanding the donor experience: Applying stewardship theory to higher education donors", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This study sought to discover how stewardship strategies and involvement impact organization-public relationship (OPR) outcomes for higher education donors at three different levels of giving. The first study to compare annual donors, major gift donors with one endowment, and major gift donors with two or more endowments suggests that each donor type experiences stewardship and OPR differently. Specifically, as donors deepen their giving relationship with an institution, they experience stewardship and OPR outcomes more positively. Additionally, involvement only slightly contributes to this relationship between stewardship and OPR outcomes. Findings also reveal that stewardship may include only three strategies, including a new concept called respect. Implications for fundraising practice and theory are made." }, { "paper": "2799864607", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2018", "title": "nasa cancels carbon monitoring research program", "label": [ "2776742560" ], "author": [ "1625142312" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the administration of president donald trump has waged a broad attack on climate science conducted by nasa including proposals to cut the budget of earth science research and kill off the orbiting carbon observatory 3 mission congress has fended these attacks off with one exception nasa has moved ahead with plans to end the carbon monitoring system a 10 million a year research line that has helped stitch together observations of sources and sinks of methane and carbon dioxide into high resolution models of the planet9s flows of carbon the agency confirmed to science the program begun in 2010 has developed tools to improve estimates of carbon stocks in forests especially from alaska to indonesia ending it researchers say will complicate future efforts to monitor and verify national emission cuts stemming from the paris climate deal", "title_raw": "NASA cancels carbon monitoring research program.", "abstract_raw": "The administration of President Donald Trump has waged a broad attack on climate science conducted by NASA, including proposals to cut the budget of earth science research and kill off the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3 mission. Congress has fended these attacks off\u2014with one exception. NASA has moved ahead with plans to end the Carbon Monitoring System, a $10-million-a-year research line that has helped stitch together observations of sources and sinks of methane and carbon dioxide into high-resolution models of the planet9s flows of carbon, the agency confirmed to Science . The program, begun in 2010, has developed tools to improve estimates of carbon stocks in forests, especially, from Alaska to Indonesia. Ending it, researchers say, will complicate future efforts to monitor and verify national emission cuts stemming from the Paris climate deal." }, { "paper": "2810369529", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2018", "title": "data access transparency and replication new insights from the political behavior literature", "label": [ "2780233690", "94625758", "134698397" ], "author": [ "7323974", "2889119312", "2807958968" ], "reference": [ "1489366861", "1897139626", "1979492569", "2011524506", "2023497593", "2030638270", "2032866148", "2087073037", "2091636366", "2110536255", "2113788769", "2125266466", "2337179568", "2795868936" ], "abstract": "do researchers share their quantitative data and are the quantitative results that are published in political science journals replicable we attempt to answer these questions by analyzing all articles published in the 2015 issues of three political behaviorist journals i e electoral studies party politics and journal of elections public opinion parties all of which did not have a binding data sharing and replication policy as of 2015 we found that authors are still reluctant to share their data only slightly more than half of the authors in these journals do so for those who share their data we mainly confirmed the initial results reported in the respective articles in roughly 70 of the times only roughly 5 of the articles yielded significantly different results from those reported in the publication however we also found that roughly 25 of the articles organized the data and or code so poorly that replication was impossible", "title_raw": "Data Access, Transparency, and Replication : New Insights from the Political Behavior Literature", "abstract_raw": "Do researchers share their quantitative data and are the quantitative results that are published in political science journals replicable? We attempt to answer these questions by analyzing all articles published in the 2015 issues of three political behaviorist journals (i.e., Electoral Studies , Party Politics , and Journal of Elections , Public Opinion & Parties ) \u2014 all of which did not have a binding data-sharing and replication policy as of 2015. We found that authors are still reluctant to share their data; only slightly more than half of the authors in these journals do so. For those who share their data, we mainly confirmed the initial results reported in the respective articles in roughly 70% of the times. Only roughly 5% of the articles yielded significantly different results from those reported in the publication. However, we also found that roughly 25% of the articles organized the data and/or code so poorly that replication was impossible." }, { "paper": "2898612233", "venue": "44706263", "year": "2018", "title": "pop up property enacting ownership from san francisco to sydney", "label": [ "42027317" ], "author": [ "2663112996" ], "reference": [ "596310785", "623144091", "1513292128", "1529325023", "1595434764", "1754088298", "1988851888", "2044823332", "2057914178", "2063412381", "2064279930", "2096547898", "2106525760", "2112469094", "2146761636", "2154609745", "2167181312", "2559594946", "2769895570", "2790503100", "3121494597", "3121924561", "3124704810", "3150544742" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Pop\u2010Up Property: Enacting Ownership from San Francisco to Sydney", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2796229029", "venue": "90857023", "year": "2018", "title": "repeat migration in the age of the unauthorized permanent resident a quantitative assessment of migration intentions postdeportation", "label": [ "2779777834", "60961049", "70036468", "111141941" ], "author": [ "2594622714", "2146996020", "2514874711" ], "reference": [ "157295445", "197612747", "233255899", "1553034523", "1850723746", "1881468285", "1909480305", "1914933805", "1974017696", "1979623874", "2006269938", "2027912059", "2039673792", "2043516629", "2049437016", "2059100639", "2068209436", "2090887326", "2125705164", "2130248085", "2132453606", "2133494987", "2157023193", "2162718611", "2165679558", "2190778627", "2226667570", "2313774247", "2317707073", "2561213212", "3111342982", "3123945110" ], "abstract": "drawing on postdeportation surveys n 1 109 with mexican migrants we examine the impact of immigration enforcement programs and various social factors on repeat migration intentions our multivariate analyses suggest immigrants with strong personal ties to the united states have higher relative odds of intending to cross the border again even when controlling modes of removal from the united states our findings highlight the inevitable failure of immigration policy and enforcement programs when placed against the powerful pull of family and home these findings shed greater insight on the complex nature of unauthorized migration in an era of increased securitization and deportation", "title_raw": "Repeat Migration in the Age of the \u201cUnauthorized Permanent Resident\u201d: A Quantitative Assessment of Migration Intentions Postdeportation:", "abstract_raw": "Drawing on postdeportation surveys (N = 1,109) with Mexican migrants, we examine the impact of immigration enforcement programs and various social factors on repeat migration intentions. Our multivariate analyses suggest immigrants with strong personal ties to the United States have higher relative odds of intending to cross the border again, even when controlling modes of removal from the United States. Our findings highlight the inevitable failure of immigration policy and enforcement programs when placed against the powerful pull of family and home. These findings shed greater insight on the complex nature of unauthorized migration in an era of increased securitization and deportation." }, { "paper": "2898375254", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2018", "title": "what s at stake for erdogan in the khashoggi affair", "label": [ "3651065" ], "author": [ "2683276592" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "What\u2019s at Stake for Erdogan in the Khashoggi Affair?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2791459907", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2018", "title": "nathan stoltzfus hitler s compromises coercion and consensus in nazi germany", "label": [ "2776153805", "121578661", "199539241" ], "author": [ "161326209" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Nathan Stoltzfus. Hitler\u2019s Compromises: Coercion and Consensus in Nazi Germany.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2884351020", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2018", "title": "china expands surveillance of sewage to police illegal drug use", "label": [ "187155963", "191935318", "125209646" ], "author": [ "223312324" ], "reference": [ "2525991237" ], "abstract": "privacy concerns and cultural differences make some researchers sceptical that the method could work in other countries privacy concerns and cultural differences make some researchers sceptical that the method could work in other countries", "title_raw": "China expands surveillance of sewage to police illegal drug use", "abstract_raw": "Privacy concerns and cultural differences make some researchers sceptical that the method could work in other countries. Privacy concerns and cultural differences make some researchers sceptical that the method could work in other countries." }, { "paper": "2888019893", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2018", "title": "authority under construction the european union in comparative political perspective", "label": [ "2779707719", "196927870", "94625758", "82834280", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2122002597" ], "reference": [ "175913422", "560007879", "571896531", "577117960", "649773148", "1484022454", "1534556394", "1557641456", "1564824153", "1567685782", "1579409076", "1586329218", "1837903746", "1866419069", "1878345946", "1964336196", "1992680417", "1995756284", "1999053360", "2003543198", "2029013934", "2041299847", "2056180069", "2057628869", "2060433779", "2063104451", "2081711013", "2101586208", "2102779052", "2110388278", "2113225645", "2117702238", "2119653425", "2121393013", "2124651012", "2139389158", "2153875435", "2164202092", "2166947488", "2172096418", "2175266856", "2182291245", "2187634056", "2227655110", "2316967034", "2341909432", "2463345018", "2475350042", "2486142935", "2493095311", "2495848560", "2548308497", "2561429927", "2587232950", "2810895830", "3124425905", "3159573146", "3207911843" ], "abstract": "moravcsik s liberal intergovernmentalism irrevocably upgraded the rigour of european union scholarship by categorizing the eu as an international organization and analyzing it in terms of general theories of international relations the deepening of european governance has meant however that the eu today is better understood as a polity in formation generalizable through the lens of comparative politics instead of international relations alongside the burgeoning literature on the eu s politicization i advocate for comparisons to historical episodes of state building and nationalism with particular attention to the role of culture and identity in shoring up or contesting political authority doing so allows us to better delineate the challenges presented by european citizens lack of impassioned attachment to the eu while also informing a broader understanding of the populist backlashes occurring in the context of more global trends of transnational authority construction", "title_raw": "Authority Under Construction: The European Union in Comparative Political Perspective", "abstract_raw": "Moravcsik's liberal intergovernmentalism irrevocably upgraded the rigour of European Union scholarship by categorizing the EU as an international organization, and analyzing it in terms of general theories of international relations. The deepening of European governance has meant, however, that the EU today is better understood as a polity in formation, generalizable through the lens of comparative politics instead of international relations. Alongside the burgeoning literature on the EU's politicization, I advocate for comparisons to historical episodes of state\u2010building and nationalism, with particular attention to the role of culture and identity in shoring up, or contesting, political authority. Doing so allows us to better delineate the challenges presented by European citizens\u2019 lack of impassioned attachment to the EU, while also informing a broader understanding of the populist backlashes occurring in the context of more global trends of transnational authority construction." }, { "paper": "2800806422", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2018", "title": "an exploratory study of transformed media relations dimensions after the implementation of an anti graft law in korea", "label": [ "67037518", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2143138210", "2802537777" ], "reference": [ "603871435", "1485977648", "1532996946", "1555370147", "1964354126", "1981035376", "1987547395", "1988412331", "1989404353", "1990077258", "1993777330", "1997146255", "2003867426", "2006468167", "2017067716", "2036291580", "2037994018", "2041793645", "2051299582", "2076494928", "2079647613", "2104275035", "2149989990", "2167533677", "2169888706", "2330615093", "2330748368", "2340423960", "2341503559", "2623443646", "2756931703", "2808673191", "2988255031", "3013798161", "3015634246" ], "abstract": "abstract the improper solicitation and graft act which went into effect on september 28 2016 strictly prohibits gift giving to journalists thereby making a traditional media relations practice in korea illegal a survey of 342 public relations practitioners revealed that providing monetary gifts performing formal responsibility building informal relationships receiving paid media coverage and giving and accepting informal support were found to be significant subdimensions of media relations after implementation of the anti graft law public relations practitioners expressed a belief that the practice of providing monetary gifts would shrink the most and that performing formal responsibility would experience the most growth the formal responsibility factor was significantly positively related to support for the new law and public relations ethics while giving and accepting informal support was negatively linked to public relations ethics paid media coverage showed a positive relationship with public relations practitioners perceptions about difficulties of increasing outputs of media relations finally this empirical study shows how new external regulations arising from implementation of the anti graft law can affect the personal influence model of media relations in korea", "title_raw": "An exploratory study of transformed media relations dimensions after the implementation of an anti-graft law in Korea", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The Improper Solicitation and Graft Act, which went into effect on September 28, 2016, strictly prohibits gift giving to journalists, thereby making a traditional media relations practice in Korea illegal. A survey of 342 public relations practitioners revealed that providing monetary gifts, performing formal responsibility, building informal relationships, receiving paid media coverage, and giving and accepting informal support were found to be significant subdimensions of media relations. After implementation of the anti-graft law, public relations practitioners expressed a belief that the practice of providing monetary gifts would shrink the most and that performing formal responsibility would experience the most growth. The formal responsibility factor was significantly positively related to support for the new law and public relations ethics, while giving and accepting informal support was negatively linked to public relations ethics. Paid media coverage showed a positive relationship with public relations practitioners\u2019 perceptions about difficulties of increasing outputs of media relations. Finally, this empirical study shows how new external regulations arising from implementation of the anti-graft law can affect the personal influence model of media relations in Korea." }, { "paper": "2887797459", "venue": "49968029", "year": "2018", "title": "preface to the special issue", "label": [ "555826173", "2781317773", "200990026", "83009810" ], "author": [ "1218047945", "2104237249" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this special issue explores the theoretical and practical prospects for creating legislative bodies via sortition this preface summarizes the purpose of the issue and each of the articles therein", "title_raw": "Preface to the Special Issue", "abstract_raw": "This special issue explores the theoretical and practical prospects for creating legislative bodies via sortition. This preface summarizes the purpose of the issue and each of the articles therein." }, { "paper": "2790764611", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2018", "title": "friends neighbours townspeople and parties explaining canadian attitudes toward muslims", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2004121649" ], "reference": [ "571444275", "1585834220", "1966700066", "1969004349", "1972915162", "1974526435", "1976337886", "1981138100", "1988029429", "1988874185", "2004650726", "2004867885", "2008989521", "2010034039", "2012073858", "2021191142", "2025146206", "2034328075", "2038389057", "2039236542", "2039805509", "2044758663", "2056564245", "2057659248", "2062361163", "2067046985", "2067256035", "2074830121", "2078646629", "2078754666", "2081660936", "2084003806", "2102341308", "2105482354", "2108451047", "2118502261", "2119077481", "2124031535", "2126844982", "2127004305", "2128667973", "2132447334", "2133364120", "2133470535", "2133784261", "2134511983", "2134761344", "2136621417", "2138384787", "2144354189", "2148709190", "2153994325", "2155408835", "2157370128", "2157979842", "2164361072", "2256170035", "2267192161", "2272783963", "2281520747", "2314276686", "2320684843", "2322115583", "2332308046", "2332363054", "2480680997", "2521849648", "2615875817", "2747867602", "2757321621", "2766881008", "3037640844", "3125781151" ], "abstract": "the 2015 canadian federal election campaign put into focus relations between muslim communities in canada and wider canadian society featuring debates around banning the niqab and a barbaric cultural practices hotline at the same time challenges in relations between muslims and majority group canadians were not a new development in 2015 they had in the past faced periodic strains due to terrorism related events and attacks targeting muslims in canada the canadian case is in fact reflective of a challenge in intergroup relations facing several western democracies in light of this what accounts for majority group canadians attitudes toward muslims in canada drawing on data from the 2011 and 2015 canadian election studies and theories linking outgroup perceptions to intergroup contact friends local demographic context at both the micro level neighbours and meso level townspeople and political factors parties this article seeks to explain why majority group canadians hold alternately positive or negative views of muslims", "title_raw": "Friends, neighbours, townspeople and parties: explaining Canadian attitudes toward Muslims", "abstract_raw": "The 2015 Canadian federal election campaign put into focus relations between Muslim communities in Canada and wider Canadian society, featuring debates around banning the niqab, and a barbaric cultural practices hotline. At the same time, challenges in relations between Muslims and majority-group Canadians were not a new development in 2015: they had in the past faced periodic strains due to terrorism-related events, and attacks targeting Muslims in Canada. The Canadian case is in fact reflective of a challenge in intergroup relations facing several Western democracies. In light of this, what accounts for majority-group Canadians' attitudes toward Muslims in Canada? Drawing on data from the 2011 and 2015 Canadian Election Studies and theories linking outgroup perceptions to intergroup contact (friends), local demographic context at both the micro-level (neighbours) and meso-level (townspeople), and political factors (parties), this article seeks to explain why majority-group Canadians hold alternately positive or negative views of Muslims." }, { "paper": "2795518462", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2018", "title": "lost boomerangs the rebound effect and transnational advocacy networks a discursive approach to norm diffusion", "label": [ "199776023", "125559964", "2781188222" ], "author": [ "1968802187" ], "reference": [ "62804618", "66923748", "149816874", "190623344", "437877368", "608585949", "618592923", "622480080", "624011104", "624930716", "631198933", "1488643198", "1503618023", "1521464209", "1564491473", "1569922283", "1586438779", "1610198951", "1738564968", "1823515318", "1839921763", "1970411992", "1974561100", "1978267245", "1982727021", "1983365063", "1983556216", "1985595088", "1994272230", "2000290597", "2006702293", "2009427711", "2015327937", "2050680232", "2057071149", "2061636643", "2061700793", "2061774617", "2079643502", "2089980322", "2091248651", "2094509363", "2100449930", "2103329342", "2109010976", "2110438916", "2116593770", "2117818591", "2121301793", "2122194975", "2132378363", "2139264330", "2140375547", "2151875548", "2155519629", "2158659525", "2159354031", "2160316953", "2160422654", "2166861196", "2183190677", "2291447375", "2332092493", "2332177927", "2394247977", "2413527853", "2473828336", "2479459496", "2486565537", "2489294593", "2489656576", "2505527339", "2524967364", "2580026997", "2645019579", "2727173676", "2728115722", "2789755227", "3123964895", "3124112695", "3125373920", "3126073030", "3141394815", "3187396094" ], "abstract": "this article aims to show the added value of studying transnational advocacy networks through a discursive approach in order to better understand the outcomes of norm diffusion in postconflict contexts i argue that constructivist approaches to norm diffusion fall short as an explanation of norm adoption because they assume an automatic process of norm propagation through socialisation mechanisms the first goal of the article is then to discuss how the internal dynamics of discourse negotiation in transnational advocacy networks impact the diffusion and implementation of international norms the second goal is to propose the concept of the rebound effect and to explore the conditions under which it takes place through data collected during extended fieldwork the article examines a prominent case namely the transnational campaign for the implementation of united nations security council resolution 1325 on women peace and security in burundi and liberia i ask why and how the campaign was understood as a success in liberia and as a failure in burundi i argue that there is another way of looking at these cases in less dichotomised ways crucially my findings demonstrate how in both cases a very particular discourse on gender security is re produced through power relations between local and transnational activists limiting the type of policies that are advocated for and depoliticising the grassroots", "title_raw": "Lost boomerangs, the rebound effect and transnational advocacy networks: a discursive approach to norm diffusion", "abstract_raw": "This article aims to show the added value of studying transnational advocacy networks through a discursive approach in order to better understand the outcomes of norm diffusion in postconflict contexts. I argue that constructivist approaches to norm diffusion fall short as an explanation of norm adoption because they assume an automatic process of norm propagation through socialisation mechanisms. The first goal of the article is then to discuss how the internal dynamics of discourse negotiation in transnational advocacy networks impact the diffusion and implementation of international norms. The second goal is to propose the concept of the rebound effect and to explore the conditions under which it takes place. Through data collected during extended fieldwork, the article examines a prominent case, namely the transnational campaign for the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security in Burundi and Liberia. I ask why and how the campaign was understood as a success in Liberia and as a failure in Burundi. I argue that there is another way of looking at these cases in less dichotomised ways. Crucially, my findings demonstrate how in both cases a very particular discourse on gender security is (re)produced through power relations between local and transnational activists limiting the type of policies that are advocated for and depoliticising the grassroots." }, { "paper": "2780423377", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2018", "title": "country specific determinants of world university rankings", "label": [ "148834064", "120912362", "2781046721" ], "author": [ "2610273069" ], "reference": [ "83160255", "1757916990", "1964823414", "2001112143", "2017618362", "2037288138", "2041044658", "2067378707", "2077331420", "2097870324", "2132719090", "2153511600", "2157542375", "2243121137", "2550051366", "2554440378", "3189135246" ], "abstract": "this paper examines country specific factors that affect the three most influential world university rankings the academic ranking of world universities the qs world university ranking and the times higher education world university ranking we run a cross sectional regression that covers 42 71 countries depending on the ranking and data availability we show that the position of universities from a country in the ranking is determined by the following country specific variables economic potential of the country research and development expenditure long term political stability freedom from war occupation coups and major changes in the political system and institutional variables including government effectiveness", "title_raw": "Country-specific determinants of world university rankings.", "abstract_raw": "This paper examines country-specific factors that affect the three most influential world university rankings (the Academic Ranking of World Universities, the QS World University Ranking, and the Times Higher Education World University Ranking). We run a cross sectional regression that covers 42\u201371 countries (depending on the ranking and data availability). We show that the position of universities from a country in the ranking is determined by the following country-specific variables: economic potential of the country, research and development expenditure, long-term political stability (freedom from war, occupation, coups and major changes in the political system), and institutional variables, including government effectiveness." }, { "paper": "2898389015", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2018", "title": "of political resurrection and lost treasures in soviet and russian politics", "label": [ "94625758", "17058734" ], "author": [ "1984798626" ], "reference": [ "561550958", "563799194", "564408031", "600850442", "625601343", "1514109780", "1599768936", "1759298162", "2000317225", "2015461870", "2024627923", "2029448757", "2037467919", "2052884111", "2065137348", "2081885750", "2108308495", "2111829634", "2130768421", "2134459725", "2162391288", "2323695235", "2486658223", "2798660046", "2799638519", "2910183241", "2914135737", "2943121229", "3146513474", "3196820320" ], "abstract": "drawing from the central notion in russian culture of resurrection and from hannah arendt s concept of political lost treasures this article analyses initiatives for democratisation during the", "title_raw": "Of Political Resurrection and \u2018Lost Treasures\u2019 in Soviet and Russian Politics", "abstract_raw": "Drawing from the central notion in Russian culture of resurrection, and from Hannah Arendt\u2019s concept of political \u2018lost treasures\u2019, this article analyses initiatives for democratisation during the ..." }, { "paper": "2799506007", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2018", "title": "book review city unsilenced urban resistance and public space in the age of shrinking democracy", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2650150395" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book review: City Unsilenced: Urban Resistance and Public Space in the Age of Shrinking Democracy:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2790335582", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2018", "title": "explaining the 2014 sino russian gas breakthrough the primacy of domestic politics", "label": [ "2778304055", "199776023", "191935318", "2776398702", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2660878580" ], "reference": [ "181619620", "1535643370", "1820336790", "1966165979", "1966169797", "2021689525", "2025562488", "2033803716", "2033910072", "2042884492", "2051773033", "2059858740", "2077640206", "2090614403", "2091716501", "2095547715", "2140411249", "2141751373", "2163082668", "2297721911", "2332927809", "2512887719", "2559058135", "2562478918", "2623618862", "2766684435", "2913825685", "2989770837", "3122660584", "3180783529" ], "abstract": "on 21 may 2014 during a state visit by president vladimir putin to beijing china and russia signed a 400 billion 30 year gas deal under this agreement china will import 38 billion cubic metres of natural gas from russia s gazprom beginning in 2018 why after 15 years of stalemated negotiations did this breakthrough occur in 2014 why did a natural symbiotic gas relationship not develop earlier and more gradually most studies explain this by looking at russia s international isolation post ukraine based on interviews with both chinese and russian officials this article argues the following domestic incentives rather than foreign policy pressures are the real force behind the timing of sino russian energy breakthroughs in 2014", "title_raw": "Explaining the 2014 Sino\u2013Russian Gas Breakthrough: The Primacy of Domestic Politics", "abstract_raw": "On 21 May 2014, during a state visit by President Vladimir Putin to Beijing, China and Russia signed a $400 billion, 30-year gas deal. Under this agreement, China will import 38 billion cubic metres of natural gas from Russia\u2019s Gazprom, beginning in 2018. Why, after 15\u00a0years of stalemated negotiations, did this breakthrough occur in 2014? Why did a natural, symbiotic gas relationship not develop earlier and more gradually? Most studies explain this by looking at Russia\u2019s international isolation post Ukraine. Based on interviews with both Chinese and Russian officials this article argues the following: domestic incentives, rather than foreign-policy pressures, are the real force behind the timing of Sino\u2013Russian energy breakthroughs in 2014." }, { "paper": "2903117969", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2018", "title": "eu russia relations in crisis understanding diverging perceptions", "label": [ "2778480956" ], "author": [ "2013275883" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the crisis in eu russian relations reached its peak in the aftermath of russia s annexation of crimea and the intervention in eastern ukraine its roots however can be traced back to the mid 2000", "title_raw": "EU\u2013Russia Relations in Crisis. Understanding Diverging Perceptions", "abstract_raw": "The crisis in EU\u2013Russian relations reached its peak in the aftermath of Russia\u2019s annexation of Crimea and the intervention in Eastern Ukraine. Its roots, however, can be traced back to the mid-2000..." }, { "paper": "2799387386", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2018", "title": "building a culture of health in our changing climate", "label": [ "2778149918", "2780966255", "185618831" ], "author": [ "2439695703", "1981913774", "2919032207", "2308508915" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "an editorial is presented which addresses the authors views about the construction of a culture of health in america in relation to climate change and it mentions the work of the robert wood johnson foundation rwjf population health in the u s and climate change adaptation and mitigation health promotion and well being are assessed as well as the delivery of high quality health services and the rwjf s health and climate change landscape assessment", "title_raw": "Building a Culture of Health in Our Changing Climate.", "abstract_raw": "An editorial is presented which addresses the authors' views about the construction of a culture of health in America in relation to climate change, and it mentions the work of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF), population health in the U.S., and climate change adaptation and mitigation. Health promotion and well-being are assessed, as well as the delivery of high-quality health services and the RWJF's Health and Climate Change Landscape Assessment." }, { "paper": "2791849380", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2018", "title": "popular support for democracy in autocratic regimes a micro level analysis of preferences", "label": [ "144661447", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2946025290", "2792160295" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Popular Support for Democracy in Autocratic Regimes: A Micro-Level Analysis of Preferences", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2794580053", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2018", "title": "explaining policy convergence and polity divergence in federal systems german and swiss higher education revisited", "label": [ "533735693", "120912362", "2779707719", "86060140", "2777854444" ], "author": [ "2114120234", "2041473131", "2124624730" ], "reference": [ "29723959", "58355123", "102072425", "108699110", "231721803", "247532030", "361576734", "374793034", "392518708", "567497072", "650693671", "658997678", "1509292812", "1510775367", "1529223067", "1549592375", "1553707411", "1561018600", "1587248984", "1794173770", "1926992008", "1966590555", "1980840800", "1984391095", "1991178716", "1999737594", "2005710659", "2014947932", "2017533488", "2017949480", "2019541545", "2020531167", "2020661866", "2029816311", "2039895048", "2041897713", "2059859198", "2062008953", "2063104451", "2063844842", "2064160533", "2075840475", "2090006417", "2091314728", "2112620965", "2121657917", "2124072747", "2140930388", "2147478888", "2153031274", "2159055086", "2160417104", "2169134907", "2294291581", "2413087560", "2477743815", "2479373784", "2517167212", "2613038842", "2756064036", "2758915078", "2913102877", "2980092057", "2998851992", "3011115279", "3124423022" ], "abstract": "this article explores higher education reforms in the federally organized education systems of germany and switzerland we argue that the increasing internationalization of education spearheaded by the bologna process has brought about changes not only in higher education policy but also led to significant reconfigurations of the higher education polity these processes present an empirical puzzle while higher education policies in both systems have broadly moved in the same direction they have significantly diverged regarding the higher education polity while germany has decentralized its higher education system switzerland has embraced more centralized structures drawing on historical institutionalism we explain why germany and switzerland reacted to essentially identical external challenges with diametrically opposite polity reforms we contend that this polity divergence despite policy convergence was channeled by the preexisting institutional configurations of educational federalism which steered partisan conflicts along specific paths", "title_raw": "Explaining Policy Convergence and Polity Divergence in Federal Systems: German and Swiss Higher Education Revisited", "abstract_raw": "This article explores higher education reforms in the federally organized education systems of Germany and Switzerland. We argue that the increasing internationalization of education\u2014spearheaded by the Bologna Process\u2014has brought about changes not only in higher education policy, but also led to significant reconfigurations of the higher education polity. These processes present an empirical puzzle: while higher education policies in both systems have broadly moved in the same direction, they have significantly diverged regarding the higher education polity. While Germany has decentralized its higher education system, Switzerland has embraced more centralized structures. Drawing on historical institutionalism, we explain why Germany and Switzerland reacted to essentially identical external challenges with diametrically opposite polity reforms. We contend that this \u201cpolity divergence\u201d\u2014despite \u201cpolicy convergence\u201d\u2014was channeled by the preexisting institutional configurations of educational federalism which steered partisan conflicts along specific paths." }, { "paper": "2781908235", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2018", "title": "consensus at home opposition abroad officials foreign sources and us news coverage of drone warfare", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2113360312", "2118719981", "2782521761", "2399186904" ], "reference": [ "1551547916", "1964736024", "1975846244", "2001442493", "2002091736", "2055526086", "2064411685", "2078561014", "2090925858", "2091128809", "2093452802", "2099199097", "2099724396", "2110530294", "2112616496", "2126649129", "2127338316", "2129300999", "2152005562", "2338879706", "2490117002", "2892990283" ], "abstract": "this study examines the process and conditions under which u s news coverage aligns with or challenges the communications of government officials focusing on the issue of u s drone warfare whit", "title_raw": "Consensus at Home, Opposition Abroad: Officials, Foreign Sources, and US News Coverage of Drone Warfare", "abstract_raw": "This study examines the process and conditions under which U.S. news coverage aligns with\u2014or challenges\u2014the communications of government officials, focusing on the issue of U.S. drone warfare. Whit..." }, { "paper": "2899233675", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2018", "title": "mapping the development of open access in latin america and caribbean countries an analysis of web of science core collection and scielo citation index 2005 2017", "label": [ "2779962280", "2777462167", "2779570078", "2778032371", "158886217" ], "author": [ "2703603709", "2798028345", "2557389638" ], "reference": [ "54461382", "1536159966", "1548417255", "1947784243", "1956735259", "2001864410", "2008363355", "2055531654", "2063560178", "2077072541", "2087931041", "2088675207", "2131507522", "2140420897", "2196077788", "2272955099", "2301617447", "2507089924", "2596187780", "2741809807", "2765244948", "2783321967", "2783957468", "2784647816", "2787623813", "3070146805" ], "abstract": "open access oa initiatives and knowledge infrastructure represent vital elements for both producing significant changes in scholarly communication and reducing limitations of access to the circulation of scientific knowledge in developing countries the spreading of the oa movement in latin america and caribbean la c countries exemplified by the growth of regional and national initiatives such as the creation of oa digital journal libraries and the establishment of supportive governmental policies provides evidence of the significant role oa is playing in improving the participation of la c countries in the so called global knowledge commons in this paper we map oa publications in la c countries through a bibliometric analysis of oa publications indexed by the web of science core collection and scielo citation index during the period 2005 2017 searches were done in the fields country publication year language and research area using wos analytical tools in order to map the evolution distribution and characteristics of oa publications in the la c region the analysis is conducted on both the sub regional and national levels on the sub regional level trends in the four la c sub regions southern cone central america and mexico andes and the caribbean are identified and compared on the national level the analysis identifies as most representative and focuses on nine countries argentina brazil chile colombia costa rica cuba ecuador mexico and peru by doing so it enriches the existing literature on the subject where the prominent role played by some of these countries in supporting oa has been already underlined", "title_raw": "Mapping the development of Open Access in Latin America and Caribbean countries. An analysis of Web of Science Core Collection and SciELO Citation Index (2005\u20132017)", "abstract_raw": "Open Access (OA) initiatives and knowledge infrastructure represent vital elements for both producing significant changes in scholarly communication and reducing limitations of access to the circulation of scientific knowledge in developing countries. The spreading of the OA movement in Latin America and Caribbean (LA&C) countries, exemplified by the growth of regional and national initiatives, such as the creation of OA digital journal libraries and the establishment of supportive governmental policies, provides evidence of the significant role OA is playing in improving the participation of LA&C countries in the so-called \u201cglobal knowledge commons\u201d. In this paper, we map OA publications in LA&C countries through a bibliometric analysis of OA publications indexed by the Web of Science Core Collection and SciELO Citation Index during the period 2005\u20132017. Searches were done in the fields \u201cCountry\u201d, \u201cPublication Year\u201d, \u201cLanguage\u201d, and \u201cResearch Area\u201d using WoS analytical tools, in order to map the evolution, distribution, and characteristics of OA publications in the LA&C region. The analysis is conducted on both the sub-regional and national levels. On the sub-regional level, trends in the four LA&C sub-regions (Southern Cone, Central America and Mexico, Andes, and the Caribbean) are identified and compared. On the national level, the analysis identifies as most representative and focuses on nine countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru. By doing so, it enriches the existing literature on the subject, where the prominent role played by some of these countries in supporting OA has been already underlined." }, { "paper": "2789935522", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2018", "title": "analysis of environmental impact assessment practices and legislation in turkey", "label": [ "2778958867", "2776154427", "2777351106", "128069549", "164749845" ], "author": [ "2256106411" ], "reference": [ "936092684", "936406498", "1605453016", "1972988157", "1976274640", "1990952253", "2058979814", "2059757400", "2064945105", "2087120730", "2130438405", "2142021246", "2237528221", "2424556909", "2617190940", "2765726189", "2783427640", "2789934179", "2901145654", "3121861958", "3126427617", "3155331866", "3183359455" ], "abstract": "abstract in turkey as a developing country environmental impact assessment eia is a critical key for environmental protection eia is not regulated in turkey by means of law but through a decree put into force on the basis of the relevant provision of the environmental law the environmental impact assessment eia system which embodies the prevention principle of the environmental law is an important tool for environmental protection this tool has a private importance for turkey since it is a developing country and it entered the turkish law in 1983 with the environmental law besides the eia regulation which shows the application principles became effective in 1993 because turkey is a candidate for european union eu the eia regulation has been changed due to the eu compliance procedure and its latest version became valid in 2014 this study aims to emphasize the eia system in turkey to supervise the efficiency of this procedure and point the success level according to the methods firstly in the introduction part general eia concept its importance and some notations are mentioned following that the legislation which builds the eia system has been analyzed starting from the 1982 turkish constitution then the legislation rules are explained due to the basic steps of the eia procedure and analysed court decisions in order to shed light upon the application the eia final decisions given until today the results and their distributions to the industries are assessed", "title_raw": "Analysis of environmental impact assessment practices and legislation in Turkey", "abstract_raw": "Abstract In Turkey, as a developing country, environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a critical key for environmental protection. EIA is not regulated in Turkey by means of law, but through a decree put into force on the basis of the relevant provision of the Environmental Law. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) System, which embodies the \u201cprevention principle\u201d of the environmental law, is an important tool for environmental protection. This tool has a private importance for Turkey since it is a developing country, and it entered the Turkish law in 1983 with the Environmental Law. Besides, the EIA Regulation, which shows the application principles, became effective in 1993. Because Turkey is a candidate for European Union (EU), the EIA Regulation has been changed due to the EU compliance procedure, and its latest version became valid in 2014. This study aims to emphasize The EIA system in Turkey to supervise the efficiency of this procedure and point the success level. According to the methods, firstly In the introduction part, general EIA concept, its importance, and some notations are mentioned. Following that, the legislation, which builds the EIA system, has been analyzed starting from the 1982 Turkish Constitution. Then, the legislation rules are explained due to the basic steps of the EIA procedure and analysed court decisions. In order to shed light upon the application, the EIA final decisions given until today, the results, and their distributions to the industries are assessed." }, { "paper": "2788553997", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2018", "title": "the chinese political opposition in exile a chequered development", "label": [ "2780668109", "2779755066", "123108692", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2124416118" ], "reference": [ "628134342", "1632300453", "2055003693", "2137952877" ], "abstract": "deploying the perspectives of diaspora politics and transnational social movements this article analyses the impact of the key factors conditioning the overall environment in which the overseas ch", "title_raw": "The Chinese Political Opposition in Exile: A Chequered Development", "abstract_raw": "Deploying the perspectives of diaspora politics and transnational social movements, this article analyses the impact of the key factors conditioning the overall environment in which the overseas Ch..." }, { "paper": "2801053314", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2018", "title": "starving for justice hunger strikes spectacular speech and the struggle for dignity", "label": [ "2778745096", "199539241", "139621336" ], "author": [ "2584395477" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Starving for Justice: Hunger Strikes, Spectacular Speech, and the Struggle for Dignity:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2805055343", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2018", "title": "keona k ervin gateway to equality black women and the struggle for economic justice in st louis", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2944147420" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Keona K. Ervin. Gateway to Equality: Black Women and the Struggle for Economic Justice in St. Louis.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2885705252", "venue": "130750583", "year": "2018", "title": "intergovernmental relations for public health adaptation to climate change in the federalist states of canada and germany", "label": [ "67820243", "148834064", "2776453310", "2781316041", "161936438" ], "author": [ "2123321748", "2128238731", "1964323501", "2209524405", "121593085", "2145104496" ], "reference": [ "103570323", "131325825", "152658516", "237173726", "322101433", "1002351574", "1054714245", "1147735437", "1528389738", "1534205341", "1535117730", "1648883014", "1857107429", "1928214897", "1974779503", "1975363503", "1978334225", "1987654223", "2007262525", "2012034435", "2019541545", "2022938561", "2028247161", "2036338671", "2054444816", "2063505860", "2064454189", "2069238738", "2083559958", "2086841517", "2087962375", "2088511019", "2091356009", "2099327766", "2102396015", "2102496922", "2105013555", "2110677362", "2123513496", "2131435111", "2131872516", "2132143389", "2138583215", "2139099276", "2148145754", "2148917075", "2165299260", "2168283218", "2171131593", "2212525517", "2398451714", "2470711229", "2478539730", "2496891436", "2508312719", "2514898836", "2515705783", "2590583097", "2719557746", "2766150710", "2772438340", "2774550566", "2797005859", "2886569534", "2901645835", "2940880850", "3124889760", "3124937995" ], "abstract": "abstract climate change is a significant threat to public health and governments at all scales will need to adapt to protect the health of their populations the impacts of climate change are highly localized and thus federal systems theoretically have the inherent advantage of allowing for regional diversity and policy experimentation in adaptation however there are also higher levels of conflict and stalemates in federal systems than in unitary systems complicating intergovernmental relations and coordination necessary for public health adaptation we examine how intergovernmental dynamics are patterned across national regional and local levels of government for public health adaptation to climate change drawing upon semi structured interviews n 28 in comparative embedded case studies of canada and germany we find that coordination between levels of government specifically for climate change and health is rare but climate change issues are occasionally discussed through working groups or through existing methods of public health coordination these findings have implications for national and regional governments in federal systems seeking to enable sub national public health adaptation to climate change and create synergies between levels of government", "title_raw": "Intergovernmental relations for public health adaptation to climate change in the federalist states of Canada and Germany", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Climate change is a significant threat to public health, and governments at all scales will need to adapt to protect the health of their populations. The impacts of climate change are highly localized and thus federal systems theoretically have the inherent advantage of allowing for regional diversity and policy experimentation in adaptation. However, there are also higher levels of conflict and stalemates in federal systems than in unitary systems, complicating intergovernmental relations and coordination necessary for public health adaptation. We examine how intergovernmental dynamics are patterned across national, regional and local levels of government for public health adaptation to climate change, drawing upon semi-structured interviews (n\u2009=\u200928) in comparative embedded case studies of Canada and Germany. We find that coordination between levels of government specifically for climate change and health is rare, but climate change issues are occasionally discussed through working groups or through existing methods of public health coordination. These findings have implications for national and regional governments in federal systems seeking to enable sub-national public health adaptation to climate change and create synergies between levels of government." }, { "paper": "2809137193", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2018", "title": "u s center will fight infections with viruses", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2059982195" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in the fight against antibiotic resistant infections a decades old approach based on bacteria slaying viruses called phages has been sidelined by technical hurdles dogged by regulatory confusion and largely ignored by drug developers in the west but 2 years ago researchers at the university of california san diego ucsd used phages to knock out an infection that nearly killed a colleague propelled by that success and a handful of others since ucsd is now launching a clinical center to refine phage treatments and help companies bring them to market the center a first in north america aims to be a proving ground for a treatment that has long been available in parts of eastern europe but that still lacks the support of rigorous clinical trials", "title_raw": "U.S. center will fight infections with viruses", "abstract_raw": "In the fight against antibiotic-resistant infections, a decades-old approach based on bacteria-slaying viruses called phages has been sidelined by technical hurdles, dogged by regulatory confusion, and largely ignored by drug developers in the West. But 2 years ago, researchers at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), used phages to knock out an infection that nearly killed a colleague. Propelled by that success and a handful of others since, UCSD is now launching a clinical center to refine phage treatments and help companies bring them to market. The center, a first in North America, aims to be a proving ground for a treatment that has long been available in parts of Eastern Europe, but that still lacks the support of rigorous clinical trials." }, { "paper": "2888798747", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2018", "title": "in search of social ties amid abandonment a review of abandoned families and surviving poverty", "label": [ "189326681" ], "author": [ "2753460749", "2780649564" ], "reference": [ "2031923965" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "In Search of Social Ties amid Abandonment: A Review of Abandoned Families and Surviving Poverty", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2806284381", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2018", "title": "models of american political conflictology in today s international crises", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2805542403" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Models of American Political Conflictology in Today's International Crises", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2900130775", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2018", "title": "practising eu foreign policy russia and the eastern neighbours", "label": [ "93377909" ], "author": [ "2269823069" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Practising EU foreign policy: Russia and the eastern neighbours", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2806541945", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2018", "title": "the role of scientific expertise in local adaptation to projected sea level rise", "label": [ "39549134", "94625758", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2806614460", "2120992691", "2094841177", "2327607309", "315057803" ], "reference": [ "1592898754", "1749602744", "1821107845", "1982658402", "1999603139", "2005304311", "2006647242", "2008157089", "2017980876", "2018360970", "2023840321", "2025648322", "2031330365", "2047541711", "2049362492", "2057646086", "2059087733", "2063352753", "2077534682", "2078348868", "2098733976", "2107705106", "2121560581", "2122445336", "2123485082", "2128066757", "2138583215", "2145478386", "2146322922", "2159621801", "2160977422", "2162291057", "2162793703", "2254345962", "2259881002", "2300242521", "2398769679", "2566660731", "2594168872", "2605444758", "3148233289" ], "abstract": "abstract adaptation to sea level rise slr is primarily taking place at the local level with varied governments grappling with the diverse ways that slr will affect cities interpreting slr in the context of local planning requires integrating knowledge across many disciplines and expert knowledge can help planners understand the potential ramifications of decisions little research has focused on the role that experts play in local adaptation planning understanding how and when local governments undertake adaptation planning and how scientists and scientific information can be effectively incorporated into the planning process is vital to guide scientists who wish to engage in the planning process this study aimed to establish how experts are currently involved in slr planning identify any gaps between planners needs and expert involvement and determine the characteristics of experts that are perceived as highly valuable to the planning process we surveyed individuals involved with planning in a broad range of us coastal communities about slr planning and the role that experts have played in the process we found that slr planning is widespread in cities across geographic regions population sizes and population characteristics and has increased rapidly since 2012 contrary to our expectation whether a slr plan existed for each city was not related to the percentage of the population living on vulnerable lands or the property value of those lands almost all cities that have engaged in slr planning involved experts in that process planners identify atmospheric scientists oceanographers economists and political scientists and geologists as currently underutilized according to planners needs members of these expert disciplines when involved in planning were also unlikely to be affiliated with the local planning government but rather came from other governmental and academic institutions highly effective experts were identified as making scientific research more accessible and bringing relevant research to the attention of planners results from our dataset suggest that planners perceive local slr planning could benefit from increased involvement of experts particularly atmospheric scientists oceanographers economists and political scientists and geologists since experts in these disciplines were often not affiliated with local governments increasing the exchange of information between local governments and academic and other non local government organizations could help draw valued experts into the planning process", "title_raw": "The role of scientific expertise in local adaptation to projected sea level rise", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Adaptation to sea level rise (SLR) is primarily taking place at the local level, with varied governments grappling with the diverse ways that SLR will affect cities. Interpreting SLR in the context of local planning requires integrating knowledge across many disciplines, and expert knowledge can help planners understand the potential ramifications of decisions. Little research has focused on the role that experts play in local adaptation planning. Understanding how and when local governments undertake adaptation planning, and how scientists and scientific information can be effectively incorporated into the planning process, is vital to guide scientists who wish to engage in the planning process. This study aimed to establish how experts are currently involved in SLR planning, identify any gaps between planners\u2019 needs and expert involvement, and determine the characteristics of experts that are perceived as highly valuable to the planning process. We surveyed individuals involved with planning in a broad range of US coastal communities about SLR planning and the role that experts have played in the process. We found that SLR planning is widespread in cities across geographic regions, population sizes, and population characteristics and has increased rapidly since 2012. Contrary to our expectation, whether a SLR plan existed for each city was not related to the percentage of the population living on vulnerable lands or the property value of those lands. Almost all cities that have engaged in SLR planning involved experts in that process. Planners identify atmospheric scientists, oceanographers, economists and political scientists, and geologists as currently underutilized according to planners\u2019 needs. Members of these expert disciplines, when involved in planning, were also unlikely to be affiliated with the local planning government, but rather came from other governmental and academic institutions. Highly effective experts were identified as making scientific research more accessible and bringing relevant research to the attention of planners. Results from our dataset suggest that planners perceive local SLR planning could benefit from increased involvement of experts, particularly atmospheric scientists, oceanographers, economists and political scientists, and geologists. Since experts in these disciplines were often not affiliated with local governments, increasing the exchange of information between local governments and academic and other (non-local) government organizations could help draw valued experts into the planning process." }, { "paper": "2891328035", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2018", "title": "colonial capitalism and the dilemmas of liberalism onur ulas ince oxford oxford university press 2018 pp 232", "label": [ "547727832", "514928085", "531593650" ], "author": [ "2889819757" ], "reference": [ "2494361720", "2502626052", "2511541706", "2549598991", "2561416026" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Colonial Capitalism and the Dilemmas of Liberalism Onur Ulas Ince Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 232.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2806570027", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2018", "title": "kristina spohr the global chancellor helmut schmidt and the reshaping of the international order", "label": [ "2775995803" ], "author": [ "2345555935" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Kristina Spohr. The Global Chancellor: Helmut Schmidt and the Reshaping of the International Order.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2492174268", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2018", "title": "one sided violence in refugee hosting areas", "label": [ "541189924", "2779449393", "173145845", "2778521920" ], "author": [ "2527266213" ], "reference": [ "177879470", "606783974", "645808230", "650225225", "653673200", "1506772712", "1547838601", "1588582422", "1629727921", "1974511229", "1975117299", "1976186243", "1983516426", "1986825950", "1987974667", "1989909158", "2001249463", "2001399967", "2004256046", "2009595209", "2011193908", "2025256500", "2042843951", "2044524272", "2058887530", "2062917721", "2077085353", "2088931078", "2093726897", "2096254066", "2105061140", "2106483804", "2117496810", "2127199945", "2127734063", "2131502526", "2133488942", "2145488574", "2146280510", "2156829157", "2159541367", "2166112393", "2166207369", "2501090168", "2753666478" ], "abstract": "previous research demonstrates that refugee populations can threaten the security of receiving countries this study in contrast seeks to examine the physical security challenges refugees face in host states it utilizes a new geographically referenced data set on subcountry refugee demographics to test the hypothesis that locations home to larger refugee populations are more likely to experience one sided attacks by conflict actors results demonstrate that refugee accommodation is a significant predictor of one sided violence in africa in particular combatants commit significantly more acts of violence against civilians in locations home to larger numbers of self settled refugees compared to other locations these findings suggest that scholars and practitioners account for possible dangers presented by refugee flows and threats to refugees simultaneously", "title_raw": "One-sided Violence in Refugee-hosting Areas", "abstract_raw": "Previous research demonstrates that refugee populations can threaten the security of receiving countries. This study, in contrast, seeks to examine the physical security challenges refugees face in host states. It utilizes a new, geographically referenced data set on subcountry refugee demographics to test the hypothesis that locations home to larger refugee populations are more likely to experience one-sided attacks by conflict actors. Results demonstrate that refugee accommodation is a significant predictor of one-sided violence in Africa. In particular, combatants commit significantly more acts of violence against civilians in locations home to larger numbers of self-settled refugees compared to other locations. These findings suggest that scholars and practitioners account for possible dangers presented by refugee flows and threats to refugees simultaneously." }, { "paper": "2737619852", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2018", "title": "democracy in decline edited by larry diamond and marc f plattner", "label": [ "2776847301", "2777047313", "521449643", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2718568248" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "there is a growing sense that the world has fallen into democratic malaise in 2016 reactionary nationalism and social inequality made strides in established democracies the rule of law and democ", "title_raw": "Democracy in decline?, edited by Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner", "abstract_raw": "There is a growing sense that the world has fallen into democratic malaise. In 2016, reactionary nationalism and social inequality made strides in established democracies, the rule of law and democ..." }, { "paper": "2807733192", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2018", "title": "controversial alcohol study cancelled by us health agency", "label": [ "39549134", "2780224610" ], "author": [ "2144011504" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "an investigation by the us national institutes of health finds missteps that put the industry funded project s credibility in doubt an investigation by the us national institutes of health finds missteps that put the industry funded project s credibility in doubt", "title_raw": "Controversial alcohol study cancelled by US health agency", "abstract_raw": "An investigation by the US National Institutes of Health finds missteps that put the industry-funded project\u2019s credibility in doubt. An investigation by the US National Institutes of Health finds missteps that put the industry-funded project\u2019s credibility in doubt." }, { "paper": "2623449518", "venue": "98137347", "year": "2018", "title": "research priorities for conservation and natural resource management in oceania s small island developing states", "label": [ "183135511", "202041845" ], "author": [ "2141429372", "2115703007" ], "reference": [ "279181618", "1519629334", "1525676173", "1565797924", "1703247678", "1849297071", "1892152384", "1900689928", "1924106145", "1963510752", "1971496974", "2006256474", "2019379702", "2022274381", "2022584341", "2031816071", "2052446507", "2068533712", "2084955211", "2090684738", "2101919029", "2107274132", "2110530890", "2119954669", "2121745068", "2122104680", "2122226557", "2122737105", "2123920115", "2125029225", "2128375786", "2128801204", "2130509491", "2145725211", "2153251005", "2153458786", "2160089268", "2167905626", "2169900815", "2246366663", "2255459106", "2311873613", "2346671684", "2396791896", "2491962062" ], "abstract": "for conservation science to effectively inform management research must focus on creating the scientific knowledge required to solve conservation problems we identified research questions that if answered would increase the effectiveness of conservation and natural resource management practice and policy in oceania s small island developing states we asked conservation professionals from academia governmental and nongovernmental organizations across the region to propose such questions and then identify which were of high priority in an online survey we compared the high priority questions with research questions identified globally and for other regions of 270 questions proposed by respondents 38 were considered high priority including what are the highest priority areas for conservation in the face of increasing resource demand and climate change how should marine protected areas be networked to account for connectivity and climate change what are the most effective fisheries management policies that contribute to sustainable coral reef fisheries high priority questions related to the particular challenges of undertaking conservation on small island developing states and the need for a research agenda that is responsive to the sociocultural context of oceania research priorities for oceania relative to elsewhere were broadly similar but differed in specific issues relevant to particular conservation contexts these differences emphasize the importance of involving local practitioners in the identification of research priorities priorities were reasonably well aligned among sectoral groups only a few questions were widely considered answered which may indicate a smaller than expected knowledge action gap we believe these questions can be used to strengthen research collaborations between scientists and practitioners working to further conservation and natural resource management in this region", "title_raw": "Research priorities for conservation and natural resource management in Oceania's small-island developing states", "abstract_raw": "For conservation science to effectively inform management, research must focus on creating the scientific knowledge required to solve conservation problems. We identified research questions that, if answered, would increase the effectiveness of conservation and natural resource management practice and policy in Oceania's small-island developing states. We asked conservation professionals from academia, governmental, and nongovernmental organizations across the region to propose such questions and then identify which were of high priority in an online survey. We compared the high-priority questions with research questions identified globally and for other regions. Of 270 questions proposed by respondents, 38 were considered high priority, including: What are the highest priority areas for conservation in the face of increasing resource demand and climate change? How should marine protected areas be networked to account for connectivity and climate change? What are the most effective fisheries management policies that contribute to sustainable coral reef fisheries? High-priority questions related to the particular challenges of undertaking conservation on small-island developing states and the need for a research agenda that is responsive to the sociocultural context of Oceania. Research priorities for Oceania relative to elsewhere were broadly similar but differed in specific issues relevant to particular conservation contexts. These differences emphasize the importance of involving local practitioners in the identification of research priorities. Priorities were reasonably well aligned among sectoral groups. Only a few questions were widely considered answered, which may indicate a smaller-than-expected knowledge-action gap. We believe these questions can be used to strengthen research collaborations between scientists and practitioners working to further conservation and natural resource management in this region." }, { "paper": "2789630529", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2018", "title": "justice care and the welfare state by daniel engster oxford oxford university press 2015 288p 90 00 cloth", "label": [ "199539241", "129603779", "139621336" ], "author": [ "2791291010" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Justice, Care, and the Welfare State. By Daniel Engster. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 288p. $90.00 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2602673524", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2018", "title": "filling the gap in the european administrative space the role of administrative networks in eu implementation and enforcement", "label": [ "3116431", "2779777834" ], "author": [ "1969598380", "3125193024" ], "reference": [ "164405217", "594304051", "1518464779", "1549639814", "1617103991", "1676783065", "1866539309", "1878168853", "1894226502", "1894823585", "1928649087", "1943350699", "1973071811", "1981816109", "1986461111", "1992036413", "1995356794", "1996655955", "1998113834", "2000132201", "2003644532", "2015006855", "2022907811", "2030329605", "2034661129", "2035088645", "2036121487", "2042375801", "2044797191", "2051849520", "2052697749", "2058883933", "2061652280", "2069341058", "2071536865", "2073572875", "2074822537", "2085118892", "2085347337", "2092489354", "2093901714", "2104685926", "2105654142", "2118537928", "2119102714", "2140461625", "2143923947", "2152151527", "2163202616", "2165759449", "2168232375", "2237925112", "2310337916", "2412828785", "2468149168", "3121853142", "3122523075", "3124528209", "3125101338" ], "abstract": "european administrative networks eans are a key building block of the european administrative space eas crucially they are to fill the gap between the eu s policy ambitions and its limited ad", "title_raw": "Filling the gap in the European administrative space: The role of administrative networks in EU implementation and enforcement", "abstract_raw": "European administrative networks (EANs) are a key building block of the European Administrative Space (EAS). Crucially, they are to fill the gap between the EU\u2019s policy ambitions and its limited ad..." }, { "paper": "2897091286", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2018", "title": "understanding authoritarian regionalism", "label": [ "549326192", "68346564", "2119116" ], "author": [ "2396006354", "201470086" ], "reference": [ "590762949", "629073665", "870499699", "1559145965", "1839895591", "1978046113", "1996177800", "2006153014", "2030002750", "2056223184", "2060746167", "2066511003", "2081183530", "2084265827", "2165819037", "2169125074", "2978613047" ], "abstract": "anastassia v obydenkova is grateful to the princeton institute for international and regional studies princeton university and to harvard university s davis center for russian and eurasian studies for supporting her research presented in this article her research was cofunded by the fung global fellows program at the princeton institute for international and regional studies piirs princeton university and by the niehaus center for globalization and governance princeton university", "title_raw": "Understanding Authoritarian Regionalism", "abstract_raw": "Anastassia V. Obydenkova is grateful to the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies (Princeton University) and to Harvard University\u2019s Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies for supporting her research presented in this article. Her research was cofunded by the Fung Global Fellows Program at the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies (PIIRS), Princeton University, and by the Niehaus Center for Globalization and Governance, Princeton University." }, { "paper": "2889639812", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2018", "title": "optimizing cyberdeterrence a comprehensive strategy for preventing foreign cyberattacks by robertmandel washington dc georgetown university press 2017 304 pp paper 32 95", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2607714208" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Optimizing Cyberdeterrence: A Comprehensive Strategy for Preventing Foreign Cyberattacks by RobertMandel. Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press, 2017. 304 pp. Paper, $32.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2797283796", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2018", "title": "the return to personalistic rule", "label": [ "542948173", "2776051254", "68346564", "2781096511", "48327123", "94625758", "2778663192", "191935318" ], "author": [ "2797890745" ], "reference": [ "296931085", "1969547637", "2023362455", "2145920655", "2313707020", "2617139425", "2743232340", "2972488937", "3122061558", "3124891876" ], "abstract": "after mao zedong died deng xiaoping and his colleagues sought to prevent the overconcentration of power by introducing fixed terms of office term limits and a mandatory retirement age delegating authority from the communist party to government agencies and holding regular meetings of party institutions all these moves were designed to decentralize authority regularize political life and check dictatorial power the centerpiece of the institutionalization project was the practice of regular peaceful leadership succession followed by jiang zemin and hu jintao regular premortem leadership succession was a rare achievement in a communist system and the most important source of china s authoritarian resilience yet today xi jinping is taking china back to a personalistic dictatorship after decades of institutionalized collective leadership he has clearly signaled his intention to remain in office after his normal two terms end in 2022 this article analyzes the reasons why the institutional rules and precedents laid down since deng xiaoping s time failed to prevent the emergence of another strongman leader like mao zedong", "title_raw": "The Return to Personalistic Rule", "abstract_raw": "After Mao Zedong died, Deng Xiaoping and his colleagues sought to prevent \u201cthe overconcentration of power\u201d by introducing fixed terms of office, term limits, and a mandatory retirement age; delegating authority from the Communist Party to government agencies; and holding regular meetings of Party institutions. All these moves were designed to decentralize authority, regularize political life and check dictatorial power. The centerpiece of the institutionalization project was the practice of regular peaceful leadership succession followed by Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao. Regular premortem leadership succession was a rare achievement in a communist system and the most important source of China\u2019s \u201cauthoritarian resilience.\u201d Yet today, Xi Jinping is taking China back to a personalistic dictatorship after decades of institutionalized collective leadership. He has clearly signaled his intention to remain in office after his normal two terms end in 2022. This article analyzes the reasons why the institutional rules and precedents laid down since Deng Xiaoping\u2019s time failed to prevent the emergence of another strongman leader like Mao Zedong." }, { "paper": "2809896407", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2018", "title": "public opinion and the shaping of immigration policy in the european council of ministers", "label": [ "111141941", "94625758", "70036468", "2779018484", "109986646", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2238325763", "2054271304" ], "reference": [ "179720102", "1482979240", "1558484812", "1925504877", "1967260171", "1972590871", "1990367268", "1991678540", "1998476416", "2000480742", "2001442493", "2015504680", "2067106790", "2075928611", "2086682298", "2087408914", "2101009017", "2101299999", "2103527170", "2119936259", "2120440585", "2125638273", "2129345644", "2162774454", "2167121898", "2255862174", "2282354819", "3125377592" ], "abstract": "do eu citizens preferences shape eu immigration policy using mixed methods and a unique data source on policy making in the eu council of ministers we qualitatively and quantitatively assess the link between public sentiment and immigration policy making accounting for the economic political and institutional context we find that domestic public opinion does not play a central role in the policy positions adopted by member states nor in the salience member states attach to immigration issues during the negotiation process we discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of how eu immigration policy reacts to public opinion", "title_raw": "Public Opinion and the Shaping of Immigration Policy in the European Council of Ministers", "abstract_raw": "Do EU citizens\u2019 preferences shape EU immigration policy? Using mixed\u2010methods and a unique data source on policy\u2010making in the EU Council of Ministers, we qualitatively and quantitatively assess the link between public sentiment and immigration policy\u2010making. Accounting for the economic, political and institutional context, we find that domestic public opinion does not play a central role in the policy positions adopted by Member States nor in the salience Member States attach to immigration issues during the negotiation process. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of how EU immigration policy reacts to public opinion." }, { "paper": "2804722873", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2018", "title": "democracy born of struggle", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2804814227" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democracy Born of Struggle", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2746747829", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2018", "title": "racial animosity and political party partisanship in south africa the case of the african national congress and the black african majority", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2161252856" ], "reference": [ "394509740", "422945158", "638036908", "978434593", "1487092778", "1564488905", "1971164712", "1976918307", "1977999485", "2028153699", "2049215823", "2080360912", "2091556807", "2120804172", "2135445241", "2144211464", "2153685785", "2155081894", "2259915401", "2271355856", "2291509161", "2316046843", "2324440273", "2468266431", "3141937853" ], "abstract": "as it is in many countries racial rhetoric is a feature of south african national government elections the use of such rhetoric provokes the question how much is political party support in the c", "title_raw": "Racial animosity and political party partisanship in South Africa: the case of the African National Congress and the Black African majority", "abstract_raw": "As it is in many countries, racial rhetoric is a feature of South African national government elections. The use of such rhetoric provokes the question, how much is political party support in the c..." }, { "paper": "2737685296", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2018", "title": "civil society traditional values and lgbt resistance to heteronormative rights hegemony analysis of the un universal periodic review in the russian federation", "label": [ "2775987171", "2780726225", "68346564", "135121143", "513891491", "2776987613", "2776845398", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2017750500" ], "reference": [ "55008689", "105994462", "139382047", "199021996", "496662075", "578593067", "596955024", "657168402", "831170722", "1420949519", "1496570927", "1517068761", "1522872137", "1524314410", "1570382291", "1573617933", "1595331308", "1876524463", "1965495612", "1967236332", "1969704952", "1970002877", "1975698257", "1977459821", "1979902626", "1988345431", "1988457956", "1993325748", "2002175638", "2002943306", "2004850100", "2007847369", "2012275303", "2013164070", "2013628627", "2014175119", "2022061462", "2022351311", "2027595607", "2035702083", "2040130324", "2042203908", "2042832191", "2048627831", "2057749075", "2058427515", "2068336830", "2074703570", "2077221732", "2082427082", "2084206023", "2097245563", "2100001939", "2104032378", "2105119355", "2123359946", "2131701111", "2132137057", "2138724179", "2145276650", "2146039453", "2152083270", "2164071095", "2164310873", "2189708204", "2262643462", "2331517689", "2334693817", "2342238405", "2405652262", "2482663989", "2499502263", "2883269648", "2896869837", "2993396657", "3022266650" ], "abstract": "this study of lesbian gay bisexual and transgender rights in the russian federation uses frame analysis of civil society input into the un universal periodic review it reveals a stark state civi", "title_raw": "Civil Society, \u2018Traditional Values\u2019 and LGBT Resistance to Heteronormative Rights Hegemony: Analysis of the UN Universal Periodic Review in the Russian Federation", "abstract_raw": "This study of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights in the Russian Federation uses frame analysis of civil society input into the UN Universal Periodic Review. It reveals a stark state\u2013civi..." }, { "paper": "2895058781", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2018", "title": "chris moores civil liberties and human rights in twentieth century britain", "label": [ "199539241", "169437150", "2775923278" ], "author": [ "2130057172" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Chris Moores. Civil Liberties and Human Rights in Twentieth-Century Britain.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2832155950", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2018", "title": "from chinatown to every town new patterns of employment for low skilled chinese immigrants in the united states", "label": [ "70036468", "2778950917" ], "author": [ "3179599807", "3179916957", "2129350508", "3178286678", "3180325082" ], "reference": [ "568284626", "581036257", "590685657", "600972880", "607871435", "1432248644", "1583600600", "1588879585", "1592566831", "1592898712", "1595743797", "1980637147", "1983864346", "1991519648", "1993772882", "1994129064", "2004877893", "2005823906", "2013632470", "2016382728", "2021255390", "2025641724", "2028226037", "2030250603", "2057436790", "2065587267", "2067287150", "2074196586", "2079847775", "2089623834", "2094495194", "2110161017", "2123037825", "2128385390", "2129695575", "2137527466", "2153734581", "2166043141", "2250535795", "2294663883", "2317948251", "2324392187", "2330863759", "2336091584", "2617657946", "3124017429" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "From Chinatown to Every Town: New Patterns of Employment for Low-Skilled Chinese Immigrants in the United States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2892386031", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2018", "title": "trump s nineteenth century grand strategy", "label": [ "172002799" ], "author": [ "202845383" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Trump\u2019s Nineteenth-Century Grand Strategy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2804013591", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2018", "title": "against democracy by jason brennan princeton nj princeton university press 2016 304p 29 95 cloth", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2141344899" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Against Democracy. By Jason Brennan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. 304p. $29.95 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2891132184", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2018", "title": "european scientists seek epigenetic clock to determine age of refugees", "label": [ "2778139618", "2778521920", "173145845" ], "author": [ "2106465385" ], "reference": [ "1974047233", "2572544607", "2759472919", "2799740352", "2883262856" ], "abstract": "european scientists say that a more accurate test could help to implement laws that protect minors seeking asylum european scientists say that a more accurate test could help to implement laws that protect minors seeking asylum", "title_raw": "European scientists seek 'epigenetic clock' to determine age of refugees.", "abstract_raw": "European scientists say that a more accurate test could help to implement laws that protect minors seeking asylum. European scientists say that a more accurate test could help to implement laws that protect minors seeking asylum." }, { "paper": "2804333501", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2018", "title": "response to catherine goetze s review of equal opportunity peacekeeping women peace and security in post conflict states", "label": [ "183761623", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2217624967", "267978777" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Response to Catherine Goetze\u2019s review of Equal Opportunity Peacekeeping: Women, Peace, and Security in Post-Conflict States", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2807380913", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2018", "title": "michael a gottfried and gilberto q conchas eds when school policies backfire how well intentioned measures can harm our most vulnerable students cambridge ma harvard education press 2016 222 pp 33 00 paper isbn 9781612509075 public administration review", "label": [ "2777363581" ], "author": [ "1973185724" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Michael A. Gottfried and Gilberto Q. Conchas, eds., When School Policies Backfire: How Well-Intentioned Measures Can Harm Our Most Vulnerable Students (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press, 2016). 222 pp. $33.00 (paper), ISBN: 9781612509075 : Public Administration Review", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2550026562", "venue": "160686149", "year": "2018", "title": "cooperation conflict and the costs of anarchy", "label": [ "2776748549", "60643870", "2776398702", "2776424047" ], "author": [ "2151351632" ], "reference": [ "128176902", "206074554", "270474471", "353727860", "356532735", "566229362", "574026539", "645226663", "645227053", "645434822", "647565514", "901214010", "1256247830", "1489741075", "1514887694", "1515377417", "1535643370", "1544884980", "1545423909", "1546691018", "1568966014", "1578381655", "1582953599", "1915235239", "1963788181", "1964129016", "1969313312", "1969316418", "1970932621", "1971144627", "1971435586", "1980544050", "1996024731", "1996742650", "1999162617", "2013768936", "2014225532", "2024460106", "2029099409", "2036873362", "2043124776", "2043781118", "2043846216", "2047156377", "2057179617", "2060565939", "2062663664", "2067286243", "2067733605", "2071437462", "2073493950", "2077137740", "2078414810", "2081184970", "2084850111", "2086736257", "2089486804", "2093182843", "2093298178", "2093369231", "2094837829", "2098644581", "2098680422", "2102949004", "2109312871", "2109977182", "2112044344", "2114871756", "2118613808", "2124974251", "2125044185", "2128286341", "2130308795", "2133118344", "2133717487", "2140191178", "2143512945", "2144384377", "2146413678", "2150518915", "2155424107", "2157864851", "2162818994", "2164020299", "2166735555", "2274471611", "2309609005", "2316183079", "2323771208", "2325257925", "2331135625", "2483254666", "2801017099", "2801306186", "2809660091", "3121311022", "3121470032", "3145576211", "3150602976", "3198917033" ], "abstract": "i consider a model in which two states choose how much to arm and whether to attack each other in successive periods arms are useful not only for deterrence or for taking territory but also because they influence the resolution of a set of disputed issues it is shown that states can cooperate on the issues by limiting military competition but only as far as a war constraint allows factors determining the tightness of the war constraint imply hypotheses about the international determinants of military e ort and thus the costs of anarchy panel data on arms spending and force sizes are used to evaluate these implications states spend less as they and their neighbors become more democratic they spend less when they grow in aggregate income and more when their neighbors become stronger and they reduce force levels after they acquire nuclear weapons over the past 60 years there is a pronounced downwards trend in military spending and force levels which is plausibly linked to implications of the nuclear revolution for major power conflict major power policies that discourage invasions and annexations by smaller states and the spread of democracy the baseline model synthesizes clarifies and revises informal arguments about the determinants of interstate cooperation and conflict its application suggests that for contemporary world politics even realist arguments rightly understood imply that the costs of anarchy need not be and quite possibly are not particularly large", "title_raw": "Cooperation, Conflict, and the Costs of Anarchy \u21e4", "abstract_raw": "I consider a model in which two states choose how much to arm and whether to attack each other in successive periods. Arms are useful not only for deterrence or for taking territory, but also because they influence the resolution of a set of disputed issues. It is shown that states can cooperate on the issues by limiting military competition, but only as far as a \u201cwar constraint\u201d allows. Factors determining the tightness of the war constraint imply hypotheses about the international determinants of military e\u21b5ort and thus the costs of anarchy. Panel data on arms spending and force sizes are used to evaluate these implications. States spend less as they and their neighbors become more democratic; they spend less when they grow in aggregate income and more when their neighbors become stronger; and they reduce force levels after they acquire nuclear weapons. Over the past 60 years, there is a pronounced downwards trend in military spending and force levels, which is plausibly linked to implications of the nuclear revolution for major power conflict, major power policies that discourage invasions and annexations by smaller states, and the spread of democracy. The baseline model synthesizes, clarifies, and revises informal arguments about the determinants of interstate cooperation and conflict. Its application suggests that for contemporary world politics, even Realist arguments, rightly understood, imply that the costs of anarchy need not be \u2010 and quite possibly are not \u2010 particularly large." }, { "paper": "2903253071", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2018", "title": "d c circuit upholds injunction barring the involuntary transfer to an unidentified third country of a u s citizen alleged to be an enemy combatant", "label": [ "2779913896", "2775939076", "8705443", "2780597233", "148834064", "2777525968", "199539241", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2161129465" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "on may 7 2018 the u s court of appeals for the d c circuit blocked the transfer to an unidentified third country of a dual u s saudi national detained in iraq as an alleged enemy combatant the decision doe v mattis also upheld a district court order requiring the government to provide seventy two hours notice before transferring him to another country in an opinion authored by judge srinivasan and joined by judge wilkins the court emphasized that while it was respectful of and with appreciation for the considerable deference owed to the executive s judgments in the prosecution of a war things are different for alleged enemy combatants who are u s citizens further proceedings in the district court could potentially address whether the u s military campaign against the islamic state of iraq and the levant isil is lawful under u s domestic law", "title_raw": "D.C. circuit upholds injunction barring the involuntary transfer to an unidentified third country of a U.S. citizen alleged to be an enemy combatant", "abstract_raw": "On May 7, 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit blocked the transfer to an unidentified third country of a dual U.S.-Saudi national detained in Iraq as an alleged enemy combatant. The decision, Doe v. Mattis, also upheld a district court order requiring the government to provide seventy-two hours\u2019 notice before transferring him to another country. In an opinion authored by Judge Srinivasan and joined by Judge Wilkins, the court emphasized that while it was \u201crespectful of\u2014and with appreciation for\u2014the considerable deference owed to the Executive's judgments in the prosecution of a war,\u201d \u201cthings are different\u201d for alleged enemy combatants who are U.S. citizens. Further proceedings in the district court could potentially address whether the U.S. military campaign against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) is lawful under U.S. domestic law." }, { "paper": "2898390195", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2018", "title": "the case for fox news studies", "label": [ "90508534", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2898583930" ], "reference": [ "1498571457", "2136718762", "2166119588" ], "abstract": "the united states and indeed the world would benefit enormously from more focus from scholars of political communication on the specific dynamics and role of fox news in american political life", "title_raw": "The Case for Fox News Studies", "abstract_raw": "The United States (and, indeed, the world) would benefit enormously from more focus from scholars of political communication on the specific dynamics and role of Fox News in American political life..." }, { "paper": "2809236836", "venue": "157446210", "year": "2018", "title": "the politics of time in international relations", "label": [ "94625758", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2794083184", "2790872013", "2793332078" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Politics of Time in International Relations", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2791046413", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2018", "title": "social norm enforcement in ethnically diverse communities", "label": [ "37497375", "70036468", "137403100", "125559964", "125209646", "2778069335", "2779777834" ], "author": [ "2149310692", "2125483182" ], "reference": [ "167962616", "611828108", "826786739", "946948791", "1537646239", "1587023704", "1968517888", "1975698665", "2005268460", "2005474264", "2009272570", "2010411707", "2034433329", "2060958609", "2062841522", "2067927337", "2073548381", "2082107925", "2086241831", "2098501785", "2106417936", "2108830951", "2114596126", "2115822334", "2116303700", "2117546413", "2118690925", "2125457158", "2127347227", "2133784261", "2134183540", "2135433602", "2138667760", "2148948369", "2156416832", "2157506458", "2219302580", "2275324190", "2283098891", "2293276287", "2336427828", "2467237876", "2547764457", "2798341864", "3122704328", "3122922095", "3122999009", "3124159295", "3200316457" ], "abstract": "recent waves of immigration to western nations have fueled a debate over the consequences of ethnic diversity for social cohesion one prominent argument in this debate holds that diversity is detrimental to trust and cooperation because individuals in heterogeneous communities face difficulties in enforcing social norms across ethnic lines we examine this proposition in a field experiment involving real life interactions among residents of multiethnic german neighborhoods we find significant ethnic asymmetries in the pattern of norm enforcement members of the majority native german population are more active in sanctioning norm violations while ethnic minorities are more likely to find themselves the target of sanctions we interpret these results in light of prevailing status inequalities between ethnic minorities and the native majority we further calculate that as a result of ethnic discrimination social control is likely to rise in communities with moderate minority population shares", "title_raw": "Social norm enforcement in ethnically diverse communities", "abstract_raw": "Recent waves of immigration to Western nations have fueled a debate over the consequences of ethnic diversity for social cohesion. One prominent argument in this debate holds that diversity is detrimental to trust and cooperation because individuals in heterogeneous communities face difficulties in enforcing social norms across ethnic lines. We examine this proposition in a field experiment involving real-life interactions among residents of multiethnic German neighborhoods. We find significant ethnic asymmetries in the pattern of norm enforcement: Members of the majority \u201cnative\u201d German population are more active in sanctioning norm violations, while ethnic minorities are more likely to find themselves the target of sanctions. We interpret these results in light of prevailing status inequalities between ethnic minorities and the native majority. We further calculate that, as a result of ethnic discrimination, social control is likely to rise in communities with moderate minority population shares." }, { "paper": "2604625169", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2018", "title": "contested sovereignty mapping referendums on sovereignty over time and space", "label": [ "186229450" ], "author": [ "2302603564", "2106326862" ], "reference": [ "44019400", "107865217", "159907366", "259729104", "293029816", "319677812", "359800453", "380379685", "566364940", "572409320", "577308020", "579248024", "607321568", "624420960", "626682703", "628337159", "631137346", "644833316", "650104070", "656103402", "1141037971", "1480636806", "1482188758", "1507145454", "1510947511", "1519770115", "1524117447", "1531060718", "1563051697", "1826559057", "1932805581", "1966722789", "1975701267", "1977419366", "1986350193", "1990685446", "2006540040", "2012365949", "2017573927", "2021741280", "2022183040", "2028931358", "2030093011", "2039285474", "2045078093", "2047094399", "2049140991", "2058796927", "2067616302", "2071160003", "2072182204", "2073991788", "2083844510", "2086965970", "2091844576", "2093798236", "2095563211", "2096686495", "2102628572", "2117025165", "2119870084", "2152213024", "2153702193", "2160728966", "2164423973", "2170962815", "2252003778", "2482307399", "2489045477", "2502244703", "2970870535", "3123691632", "3124206131", "3125874901" ], "abstract": "the recent proliferation of referendums on sovereignty matters has fuelled growing scholarly interest however comparative research is hindered by the weaknesses of current compilations which tend to suffer from conceptual vagueness varied coding decisions incomplete coverage and ad hoc categorizations based on an improved conceptualization and theory driven typology this article presents a new dataset of 602 sovereignty referendums from 1776 2012 more than double the number in existing lists in an exploratory analysis it uncovers eight distinctive clusters of sovereignty referendums and identifies patterns of activity over time and space as well as outcomes produced", "title_raw": "Contested Sovereignty: Mapping Referendums on Sovereignty over Time and Space", "abstract_raw": "The recent proliferation of referendums on sovereignty matters has fuelled growing scholarly interest. However, comparative research is hindered by the weaknesses of current compilations, which tend to suffer from conceptual vagueness, varied coding decisions, incomplete coverage and ad hoc categorizations. Based on an improved conceptualization and theory-driven typology, this article presents a new dataset of 602 sovereignty referendums from 1776\u20132012, more than double the number in existing lists. In an exploratory analysis, it uncovers eight distinctive clusters of sovereignty referendums and identifies patterns of activity over time and space as well as outcomes produced." }, { "paper": "2890742957", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2018", "title": "amy adamczyk cross national public opinion about homosexuality examining attitudes across the globe oakland university of california press 2017 304 pp 39 95 paper", "label": [ "134698397", "2776001192" ], "author": [ "2244102583" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Amy Adamczyk. Cross-National Public Opinion about Homosexuality: Examining Attitudes across the Globe. Oakland: University of California Press. 2017. 304 pp. $39.95 (paper)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3123032068", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2018", "title": "corruption as a violation of international human rights", "label": [ "44725695", "154482161", "201342494", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2109006640" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Corruption as a Violation of International Human Rights", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3126123106", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2018", "title": "social diversity affects the number of parties even under first past the post rule", "label": [ "162643989", "48226144" ], "author": [ "2183443988", "2170639376", "2007192438" ], "reference": [ "123740088", "128529710", "202123134", "657943266", "1489984827", "1533460353", "1537646239", "1566662722", "1575905552", "1826971824", "1925504877", "1968327343", "1974645880", "1981457167", "1987184260", "1987922173", "1990381372", "1995643388", "2007345258", "2021563861", "2028880895", "2067425585", "2091553750", "2097506415", "2099154444", "2100563072", "2109010094", "2114201972", "2115864206", "2118836230", "2123844859", "2128041172", "2132265430", "2134789130", "2145011499", "2151848478", "2151939563", "2154825321", "2157775510", "2164291133", "2168901598", "2192820190", "2324392187", "2331409103", "2531239344", "2604868057", "2613084262", "3127488876" ], "abstract": "nearly all systematic empirical work on the relationship between social diversity and the number of parties asserts the interactive hypothesis social heterogeneity leads to party fragmentation under permissive electoral rules but not under single member district first past the post fptp rules in this article we argue that previous work has been hindered by a reliance on national level measures of variables and a linear model of the relationship between diversity and party fragmentation this article provides the first analysis to test the interactive hypothesis appropriately by using district level measures of both ethnic diversity and the effective number of parties in legislative fptp elections and considering a curvilinear relationship between the variables we find that there is a strong relationship between social diversity and the number of parties even under fptp electoral rules thus suggesting that restrictive rules are not as powerful a constraint on electoral behavior and outcomes as is", "title_raw": "Social diversity affects the number of parties even under first-past-the-post rule", "abstract_raw": "Nearly all systematic empirical work on the relationship between social diversity and the number of parties asserts the \u201cinteractive hypothesis\u201d\u2014Social heterogeneity leads to party fragmentation under permissive electoral rules, but not under single-member district, first-past-the-post (FPTP) rules. In this article, we argue that previous work has been hindered by a reliance on national-level measures of variables and a linear model of the relationship between diversity and party fragmentation. This article provides the first analysis to test the interactive hypothesis appropriately by using district-level measures of both ethnic diversity and the effective number of parties in legislative FPTP elections and considering a curvilinear relationship between the variables. We find that there is a strong relationship between social diversity and the number of parties even under FPTP electoral rules, thus suggesting that restrictive rules are not as powerful a constraint on electoral behavior and outcomes as is..." }, { "paper": "2803519643", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2018", "title": "evolution of water governance in bangladesh an urban perspective", "label": [ "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2626225324", "2169649915", "2321459128" ], "reference": [ "123816009", "247311400", "565426790", "635230608", "836283064", "1498316423", "1589817577", "1714723801", "1894321964", "1895959842", "1965272607", "1968852409", "1976775857", "1979155333", "1981296963", "1983534546", "1985286094", "1999453554", "2001969417", "2004138892", "2011880877", "2013667509", "2027503516", "2038862099", "2040023375", "2041499400", "2044019847", "2045972147", "2048724456", "2056989238", "2059956138", "2063104401", "2072079576", "2083020159", "2099330597", "2116525014", "2117851366", "2121387700", "2125315567", "2127786917", "2130309539", "2136680581", "2137583221", "2137918394", "2150443776", "2154302927", "2156029898", "2158389112", "2164849734", "2166839118", "2180863964", "2552843608", "2615186405", "2737674811", "2752281022", "2786207837" ], "abstract": "abstract within the context of urban transformations water governance has received global attention due to its growing complexities in responding to wicked and multifaceted challenges such as rapidly growing populations increased resource demand and uncertain climate futures to date much of the empirical research on water governance and urban transformations has examined developed cities with limited investigation of developing cities this paper therefore aims to enrich current empirical insights regarding the evolution of and key shifts within urban water governance in bangladesh drawing on recent developments in sustainability transitions and urban water governance scholarship the paper charts 250 years of water resource development in bangladesh analysis of primary and secondary qualitative data sources revealed five major periods between 1757 and 2016 that represent key changes to governance approaches that underpinned sectoral changes although the shifts in governance approaches have cumulatively improved the adaptive capacity of bangladesh s urban water system they have not been framed to provide guidance and facilitation for driving on ground change which may be inhibiting a sustainable transformation of bangladesh s urban water sector nevertheless the insights do provide important foundations for informing the development of new governance models capable of dealing with multi scale strategies for supporting a sustainability transformation", "title_raw": "Evolution of water governance in Bangladesh: An urban perspective", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Within the context of urban transformations, water governance has received global attention due to its growing complexities in responding to wicked and multifaceted challenges, such as rapidly growing populations, increased resource demand and uncertain climate futures. To date, much of the empirical research on water governance and urban transformations has examined developed cities, with limited investigation of developing cities. This paper therefore aims to enrich current empirical insights regarding the evolution of, and key shifts within urban water governance in Bangladesh. Drawing on recent developments in sustainability transitions and urban water governance scholarship, the paper charts 250\u202fyears of water resource development in Bangladesh. Analysis of primary and secondary qualitative data sources revealed five major periods between 1757 and 2016 that represent key changes to governance approaches that underpinned sectoral changes. Although the shifts in governance approaches have cumulatively improved the adaptive capacity of Bangladesh\u2019s urban water system, they have not been framed to provide guidance and facilitation for driving on-ground change, which may be inhibiting a sustainable transformation of Bangladesh\u2019s urban water sector. Nevertheless, the insights do provide important foundations for informing the development of new governance models capable of dealing with multi-scale strategies for supporting a sustainability transformation." }, { "paper": "2591354977", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2018", "title": "what explains variation in parties climate change salience", "label": [ "158071213", "2778896172", "2780719617" ], "author": [ "2743913561" ], "reference": [ "1486367611", "1519820483", "1603529856", "1818905521", "1873518385", "1901149029", "1910264740", "1972941275", "1982584039", "1997669826", "1999852743", "2009053941", "2017184608", "2017888427", "2020133506", "2027315681", "2031293779", "2045619736", "2046156540", "2053060542", "2053799600", "2062611062", "2080700141", "2084528250", "2092518296", "2098025600", "2113051815", "2127041437", "2127174357", "2128082596", "2130515752", "2135568665", "2151793839", "2157546188", "2162297565", "2168270392", "2170053972", "2423671233", "2512471079", "2626966991", "3123689492", "3203668680" ], "abstract": "the article explains the variation of climate change salience in party manifestos examining the effects of party characteristics creating a novel measure of parties climate change salience based on comparative manifesto project data the article finds that parties have broadly not made climate change a salient issue though significant differences remain left right ideology significantly helps explain these differences and is more important than any other party characteristic in explaining the variation this underlines the importance of ideology over economic and policy preferences size and strategic incentives and incumbency constraints and points towards the partisan as opposed to the valence nature of the climate change issue these results contrast to those of an identical analysis of environmental salience where ideology is found to have no effect underlining how the two issues should be treated differently and lending further support to the argument that climate change is not a valence issue", "title_raw": "What explains variation in parties\u2019 climate change salience?:", "abstract_raw": "The article explains the variation of climate change salience in party manifestos, examining the effects of party characteristics. Creating a novel measure of parties\u2019 climate change salience based on Comparative Manifesto Project data, the article finds that parties have broadly not made climate change a salient issue, though significant differences remain. Left\u2013right ideology significantly helps explain these differences and is more important than any other party characteristic in explaining the variation. This underlines the importance of ideology over economic and policy preferences, size and strategic incentives and incumbency constraints and points towards the partisan (as opposed to the valence) nature of the climate change issue. These results contrast to those of an identical analysis of environmental salience where ideology is found to have no effect, underlining how the two issues should be treated differently and lending further support to the argument that climate change is not a valence issue." }, { "paper": "2792225821", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2018", "title": "privatization and economic and social rights", "label": [ "2777671340", "2780339416", "121426985", "2778447849", "2778061430", "55447825", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2138760362" ], "reference": [ "1811903838", "1835155391", "1948138010", "1989361259", "2039030594", "2075776459", "2128539235", "2129371697", "2140119120", "2168615183", "2179434685", "2252989240", "2254240224", "2368109974", "2489840075", "2887321310", "3121462367" ], "abstract": "privatization is an ever more dominant model of economic and social rights esr realization contracting out public private partnerships and other approaches by which the private sector takes responsibility for or supports the state in delivering esr related goods and services are being advanced aggressively at both the national and supranational levels with international financial institutions playing an especially influential role thus far however there has been relatively little attention paid to privatization in esr scholarship and practice resulting in a significant lacuna from both a normative and an empirical perspective this gap is perhaps most striking and worrying in relation to the work of those international bodies mandated with interpreting and applying the esr standards under international law taking as its starting point the delineation of esr obligations in terms of the tripartite typology of respect protect and fulfill outlined by the united nations committee on economic social and cultural rights this article considers how that framework and the human rights treaty monitoring bodies which employ it in their work addresses privatization from an esr perspective highlighting an excessive emphasis on the obligation to protect to the exclusion of other relevant levels of obligation the author asserts that such an approach is reflective of a failure to conceptualize privatization and the state s role with regard to such properly a failure that has very serious implications for the ability of the esr framework as it stands to capture rights harming actions in the context of privatization effectively arguing for a shift to the obligation to fulfill the author contends this alternative approach would contribute significantly to the ability of esr law as it stands to capture and address the full scope of state decision making and in action at issue in situations of privatization the article concludes with observations on recent moves by the committee which though in the right direction leave much work to be done", "title_raw": "Privatization and Economic and Social Rights", "abstract_raw": "Privatization is an ever more dominant model of economic and social rights (ESR) realization. Contracting out, public-private partnerships, and other approaches by which the private sector takes responsibility for, or supports the state in, delivering ESR-related goods and services are being advanced aggressively at both the national and supranational levels, with international financial institutions playing an especially influential role. Thus far, however, there has been relatively little attention paid to privatization in ESR scholarship and practice, resulting in a significant lacuna from both a normative and an empirical perspective. This gap is perhaps most striking\u2014and worrying\u2014in relation to the work of those international bodies mandated with interpreting and applying the ESR standards under international law. Taking as its starting point the delineation of ESR obligations in terms of the tripartite typology of respect, protect, and fulfill outlined by the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, this article considers how that framework (and the human rights treaty-monitoring bodies which employ it in their work) addresses privatization from an ESR perspective. Highlighting an excessive emphasis on the obligation to protect to the exclusion of other relevant levels of obligation, the author asserts that such an approach is reflective of a failure to conceptualize privatization and the state\u2019s role with regard to such properly\u2014a failure that has very serious implications for the ability of the ESR framework as it stands to capture rights-harming actions in the context of privatization effectively. Arguing for a shift to the obligation to fulfill, the author contends this alternative approach would contribute significantly to the ability of ESR law as it stands to capture\u2014and address\u2014the full scope of state decision-making and (in)action at issue in situations of privatization. The article concludes with observations on recent moves by the Committee which though in the right direction leave much work to be done." }, { "paper": "2794242058", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2018", "title": "refugee protections from below smuggling in the eritrea ethiopia context", "label": [ "2778227311", "2780652975", "173145845" ], "author": [ "2790600729" ], "reference": [ "565468649", "596402613", "1832517852", "1910637271", "2008234122", "2015642529", "2018838959", "2020424424", "2037181089", "2089368302", "2106587462", "2121679873", "2122027055", "2123393177", "2249654905", "2269195223", "2300894199", "2303700668", "2330066302", "2340891163", "2343763459", "2560404892", "3140153104" ], "abstract": "this article is an analysis of the role of human smuggling practices and of the transnational social relations of eritrean refugees exiting and transitioning through ethiopia based on two years of multisited ethnographic fieldwork i explore how smugglers aspiring migrants and former migrants settled en route and in diasporic spaces try to minimize the risk of violence through communities of support and knowhow in so doing i argue that smuggling is a socially embedded collective practice that strives to facilitate safe exit and transitions of eritrean refugees despite the criminalization of migration the militarization of borders and the potential and existing criminal activity along eritrean sudanese and ethiopian migratory corridors the facilitation of irregular transits by migrants themselves reproduces a collective system of migratory knowledge that aims to bring refugees to safety a community of knowledge in which smuggling emerges as a system of refugee protection from below", "title_raw": "Refugee Protections from Below: Smuggling in the Eritrea-Ethiopia Context:", "abstract_raw": "This article is an analysis of the role of human smuggling practices and of the transnational social relations of Eritrean refugees exiting and transitioning through Ethiopia. Based on two years of multisited ethnographic fieldwork, I explore how smugglers, aspiring migrants, and former migrants, settled en route and in diasporic spaces, try to minimize the risk of violence through communities of support and knowhow. In so doing, I argue that smuggling is a socially embedded collective practice that strives to facilitate safe exit and transitions of Eritrean refugees despite the criminalization of migration, the militarization of borders, and the potential and existing criminal activity along Eritrean, Sudanese, and Ethiopian migratory corridors. The facilitation of irregular transits by migrants themselves reproduces a collective system of migratory knowledge that aims to bring refugees to safety\u2014a community of knowledge\u2014in which smuggling emerges as a system of refugee protection from below." }, { "paper": "2886402676", "venue": "161743634", "year": "2018", "title": "a cruel and unusual way to regulate the homeless extending the status crimes doctrine to anti homeless ordinances", "label": [ "2776211767" ], "author": [ "2886363543" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Cruel and Unusual Way to Regulate the Homeless: Extending the Status Crimes Doctrine to Anti-Homeless Ordinances", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2786267957", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2018", "title": "trump s troubling nuclear plan", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2635649936" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Trump's Troubling Nuclear Plan", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2789927157", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2018", "title": "response to rebecca thorpe s review of the workfare state public assistance politics from the new deal to the new democrats", "label": [ "2776732289", "3116431", "2779444201", "2776398702", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2012343829" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Response to Rebecca Thorpe\u2019s review of The Workfare State: Public Assistance Politics from the New Deal to the New Democrats", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2802279622", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2018", "title": "a mess at the knesset", "label": [ "193897990", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2565704409" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Mess at the Knesset", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2785399886", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2018", "title": "protecting rohingya lives minds and the future", "label": [ "173145845" ], "author": [ "2800956509", "2043592106" ], "reference": [ "2618246423" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Protecting Rohingya: lives, minds, and the future.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2780666398", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2018", "title": "how are we apart continuity and change in the structure of ideological disagreement in the american public 1980 2012", "label": [ "158071213" ], "author": [ "3035891679" ], "reference": [ "20787930", "434695885", "1595106591", "1609263888", "1894682158", "1958413870", "1966330484", "1967236779", "1977186326", "1980565545", "1989243075", "1990694356", "1997817740", "2013372086", "2013452503", "2017450497", "2045656233", "2053471255", "2055231876", "2086628818", "2099363168", "2103146267", "2111709045", "2113955595", "2114763295", "2124751389", "2126726599", "2128106636", "2131244513", "2133394367", "2133751606", "2134856702", "2137029365", "2137998590", "2138612631", "2140572518", "2145029128", "2145089951", "2157772758", "2157813035", "2157979842", "2251844050", "2302938491", "2315160882", "2323922183", "2329373269", "2329648039", "2330659357", "2332251037", "2495678321", "2505505507", "2797055696", "3123667390", "3125647857", "3125795336" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Are We Apart? Continuity and Change in the Structure of Ideological Disagreement in the American Public, 1980\u20132012", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2901535253", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2018", "title": "ai conference widely known as nips changes its controversial acronym", "label": [ "199539241", "7991579" ], "author": [ "2794533396" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the major machine learning meeting now to be called neurips has faced increasing criticism over its name the major machine learning meeting now known as neurips has faced increasing criticism over its name", "title_raw": "AI conference widely known as \u2018NIPS\u2019 changes its controversial acronym", "abstract_raw": "The major machine-learning meeting, now to be called NeurIPS, has faced increasing criticism over its name. The major machine-learning meeting, now known as NeurIPS, has faced increasing criticism over its name." }, { "paper": "2730243914", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2018", "title": "how the criteria for joining the european union affect public opinion the case of equal pay between women and men in bosnia and herzegovina", "label": [ "3116431", "44725695", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2646858152" ], "reference": [ "1519984953", "1804799955", "1970393007", "1996722697", "1997183467", "2021681947", "2030450732", "2039551283", "2041547591", "2051126081", "2072581978", "2078077522", "2084324692", "2087521872", "2096735723", "2101966716", "2132409626", "2133462484", "2139541809", "2150758578", "2157829513", "2163881983", "2252687155", "2277503574", "2329103711", "2411099837", "3124105495" ], "abstract": "existing studies suggest that normative commitments to the european union s gender equality standards remain weak in states applying for eu membership and that citizens are unresponsive to information the eu provides however these studies do not gauge public support for women s rights when they are addressed as an eu issue an eu frame in an original experimental survey of bosnia and herzegovina i examine the effect of eu framing on support for equal pay between women and men and the responsibility assigned to the government for unequal pay i find that eu frames affect the responsibility assigned to the government supporters of independence from the eu assign less responsibility to their government for unequal pay when equal pay is addressed as an eu issue", "title_raw": "How the Criteria for Joining the European Union Affect Public Opinion: The Case of Equal Pay between Women and Men in Bosnia and Herzegovina", "abstract_raw": "Existing studies suggest that normative commitments to the European Union's gender equality standards remain weak in states applying for EU membership, and that citizens are unresponsive to information the EU provides. However, these studies do not gauge public support for women's rights when they are addressed as an EU issue (an EU frame). In an original experimental survey of Bosnia and Herzegovina, I examine the effect of EU framing on support for equal pay between women and men, and the responsibility assigned to the government for unequal pay. I find that EU frames affect the responsibility assigned to the government. Supporters of independence from the EU assign less responsibility to their government for unequal pay, when equal pay is addressed as an EU issue." }, { "paper": "2803137104", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2018", "title": "nuclear weapons and coercive diplomacy by todd s sechser and matthew fuhrmann cambridge uk cambridge university press 2017 344p 99 99 cloth 34 99 paper", "label": [ "194110935", "557252395" ], "author": [ "2804772361" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Nuclear Weapons and Coercive Diplomacy. By Todd S. Sechser and Matthew Fuhrmann. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 344p. $99.99 cloth, $34.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2885001984", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2018", "title": "priority tasks of international cooperation in combating extremism and terrorism", "label": [ "203133693" ], "author": [ "2882984261" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Priority Tasks of International Cooperation in Combating Extremism and Terrorism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2884429625", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2018", "title": "islam and democracy in tunisia", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2883828716" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Islam and Democracy in Tunisia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2888235176", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2018", "title": "a double edged retirement honour", "label": [ "2780110125" ], "author": [ "2153668408" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A double-edged retirement honour", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2810217060", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2018", "title": "finding feminism millennial activists and the unfinished gender revolution", "label": [ "2777688943" ], "author": [ "2307655783" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Finding Feminism: Millennial Activists and the Unfinished Gender Revolution:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2896825606", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2018", "title": "who says africa s latest ebola outbreak is not an international emergency", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2126046128" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "officials say the democratic republic of the congo is practised at containing the virus s spread but the outbreak requires extra vigilance because it is in a war zone officials say the democratic republic of the congo is practised at containing the virus s spread but the outbreak requires extra vigilance because it is in a war zone", "title_raw": "WHO says Africa\u2019s latest Ebola outbreak is not an international emergency", "abstract_raw": "Officials say the Democratic Republic of the Congo is practised at containing the virus\u2019s spread \u2014 but the outbreak requires extra vigilance because it is in a war zone. Officials say the Democratic Republic of the Congo is practised at containing the virus\u2019s spread \u2014 but the outbreak requires extra vigilance because it is in a war zone." }, { "paper": "2783283027", "venue": "33869021", "year": "2018", "title": "terrorism and counter terrorism in africa fighting insurgency from al shabaab ansar dine and boko haram", "label": [ "203133693", "510578393" ], "author": [ "2001633622" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Terrorism and counter terrorism in Africa: Fighting insurgency from Al Shabaab, Ansar Dine and Boko Haram", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2790800298", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2018", "title": "stewardship credibility and political communications a content analysis of the 2016 election", "label": [ "197487636", "39549134", "90508534", "2779545187", "555826173", "2780224610", "2777976496" ], "author": [ "1548995598", "2146391246" ], "reference": [ "172922558", "611631785", "981217346", "1482239362", "1505988758", "1507493599", "1548585305", "1761829246", "1925431452", "1975303078", "1981358537", "1984640266", "1990474114", "1995006619", "1998034589", "2001416888", "2003814602", "2019889574", "2020970628", "2028979216", "2039898018", "2041281057", "2043831251", "2045179538", "2049469919", "2056499054", "2057683109", "2062117700", "2062212388", "2064151419", "2064730034", "2073267993", "2073375484", "2078662157", "2082517066", "2083612655", "2092322780", "2092985411", "2115607152", "2120061261", "2130140239", "2131915299", "2133264120", "2142175015", "2145866796", "2159147740", "2164777277", "2269213754", "2319738865", "2328519607", "2346983344", "2496790318", "2526454966", "2602299145", "2755516190", "2765354621", "2994798374", "3006385486", "3036936412", "3125891105" ], "abstract": "abstract public participation in the democratic process and trust in elected leaders are both declining drawing on research from the fields of public relations and communications this content analysis examines political communication through the lens of credibility and stewardship both concepts central to predicting favorable relationship maintenance outcomes in this analysis of all presidential senate and congressional candidates in the 2016 election findings indicated that candidates more commonly communicate ways to provide support for the campaign relationship nurturing than demonstrating that they are worthy of being entrusted by the public in addition candidates communication primarily centered on the candidate being a credible source neglecting other strategies for demonstrating credibility digital and content while there were no significant differences by party affiliation incumbents and presidential candidates were more likely to communicate some forms of stewardship and credibility", "title_raw": "Stewardship, credibility and political communications: A content analysis of the 2016 election", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Public participation in the democratic process and trust in elected leaders are both declining. Drawing on research from the fields of public relations and communications, this content analysis examines political communication through the lens of credibility and stewardship, both concepts central to predicting favorable relationship maintenance outcomes. In this analysis of all presidential, Senate and congressional candidates in the 2016 election, findings indicated that candidates more commonly communicate ways to provide support for the campaign (relationship nurturing), than demonstrating that they are worthy of being entrusted by the public. In addition, candidates\u2019 communication primarily centered on the candidate being a credible source, neglecting other strategies for demonstrating credibility (digital and content). While there were no significant differences by party affiliation, incumbents and presidential candidates were more likely to communicate some forms of stewardship and credibility." }, { "paper": "2807437844", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2018", "title": "power and populism what the singapore model means for the chinese dream", "label": [ "526877150", "2781046721", "542948173", "59742305", "54726253", "111439079", "68346564", "2777432891" ], "author": [ "3188953691" ], "reference": [ "140912951", "260915070", "362078843", "591319973", "615834639", "650095189", "1221679523", "1569749106", "1578315844", "1587381443", "1697440028", "1974035072", "1998143868", "1998349563", "2020895175", "2022918223", "2035867091", "2037392283", "2039175834", "2048841895", "2067140652", "2071806058", "2076639959", "2079071788", "2080334508", "2089687614", "2091056432", "2092734030", "2114685665", "2117474779", "2118558507", "2129875213", "2147259687", "2154129457", "2157234374", "2164701287", "2167250082", "2292251394", "2313691624", "2336966627", "2343870655", "2407099997", "2490699379", "2493604245", "2512340261", "2619858576" ], "abstract": "singapore s political system is sometimes criticized by proponents of liberal democracy as being highly authoritarian and inhibiting of individual freedom yet as the recent 2015 general elections show singaporeans have largely consented to such a model as a legitimate social contract between themselves and the government given that the singapore model is widely studied by chinese officials as a positive pattern for governance what do the latest results say about the future of the chinese governing system and to what extent is the communist party able to wield power while catering to populist sentiments in particular the achievement of the chinese dream", "title_raw": "Power and Populism: What the Singapore Model Means for the Chinese Dream", "abstract_raw": "Singapore's political system is sometimes criticized by proponents of liberal democracy as being highly authoritarian and inhibiting of individual freedom. Yet, as the recent 2015 general elections show, Singaporeans have largely consented to such a model as a legitimate social contract between themselves and the government. Given that the Singapore model is widely studied by Chinese officials as a positive pattern for governance, what do the latest results say about the future of the Chinese governing system, and to what extent is the Communist Party able to wield power while catering to populist sentiments, in particular the achievement of the Chinese dream?" }, { "paper": "2905460757", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2018", "title": "looming parliament vote boosts brexit jitters for u k scientists", "label": [ "2781440851" ], "author": [ "1736644647" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Looming Parliament vote boosts Brexit jitters for U.K. scientists", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2889050088", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2018", "title": "when solidarity works labor civic networks and welfare states in the market reform era", "label": [ "2780641677", "129603779" ], "author": [ "1055527060" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "When Solidarity Works: Labor-Civic Networks and Welfare States in the Market Reform Era:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2789882130", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2018", "title": "ethnic heterogeneity and electoral turnout evidence from linking neighbourhood data with individual voter data", "label": [ "137403100", "12516257", "2779838221", "125209646", "173145845", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2790577927" ], "reference": [ "186180372", "643183974", "1547588480", "1601498071", "1879688941", "2004279575", "2005804980", "2018667521", "2027165707", "2031567143", "2034027332", "2040457650", "2044040114", "2061980801", "2065762765", "2070640487", "2083275139", "2100442695", "2104441813", "2124663736", "2127330459", "2133784261", "2138585937", "2147332011", "2147512176", "2292362724", "2299321574", "2300143924", "2312554666", "2329648039", "2330328790", "2422257084", "2527306676", "2886638911", "3022732902", "3124159295", "3125026485" ], "abstract": "abstract issues related to migration and ethnic diversity have become more important over the last years both politically and scientifically one important issue regards the effect of ethnic heterogeneity on electoral turnout thus far empirical studies analysing this effect in europe have relied on the sole use of aggregate level data i tackle this research gap by linking contextual neighbourhood data with individual voter data collected by the german longitudinal election study gles thus this paper offers new insights into the role ethnic heterogeneity plays in political participation germany as an exemplary case has become of special interest regarding international migration after the steady increase of asylum seekers since 2013 and its consequent political reaction toward the influx of refugees results show that neighbourhoods that are ethnically more heterogeneous are significantly associated with lower individual electoral turnout even when key variables influencing turnout at the individual level are held constant", "title_raw": "Ethnic heterogeneity and electoral turnout: Evidence from linking neighbourhood data with individual voter data", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Issues related to migration and ethnic diversity have become more important over the last years both politically and scientifically. One important issue regards the effect of ethnic heterogeneity on electoral turnout. Thus far, empirical studies analysing this effect in Europe have relied on the sole use of aggregate level data. I tackle this research gap by linking contextual neighbourhood data with individual voter data collected by the German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES). Thus, this paper offers new insights into the role ethnic heterogeneity plays in political participation. Germany as an exemplary case has become of special interest regarding international migration after the steady increase of asylum seekers since 2013 and its consequent political reaction toward the influx of refugees. Results show that neighbourhoods that are ethnically more heterogeneous are significantly associated with lower individual electoral turnout, even when key variables influencing turnout at the individual level are held constant." }, { "paper": "2888767566", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2018", "title": "presidential campaigns in latin america electoral strategies and success contagion by taylor c boas new york cambridge university press 2016 276p 105 00 cloth 29 99 paper", "label": [ "197487636", "158886217" ], "author": [ "2888528166" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Presidential Campaigns in Latin America: Electoral Strategies and Success Contagion. By Taylor C. Boas. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016. 276p. $105.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2804709809", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2018", "title": "stc 3729 2017 upon unconstitutionality actions 3729 3751 against legislative bill bulletin no 9895 11", "label": [ "2777438998", "158129432", "2781153986", "2778431023", "2778645526", "99216807", "2780668109", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2520073363" ], "reference": [ "3001500739" ], "abstract": "while many women have profited from the relatively recent rights revolution in latin america their pregnant sisters have apparently had to sit in the back of the bus or stay off altogether even modest progress on abortion entitlements has come at a high price and slow pace perhaps due to the opposition of an alliance of long established and up and coming religious groups on a positive note however the struggle for emancipation on this front seems to be moving forward in chile the constitutional court s or tribunal s opinion of august 28 2017 stc 3729 2017 which generally upholds a legislative bill allowing a woman to abort in the face of risk to life lethal prenatal pathology or rape provides a case in point significantly it also expands the statutory category of conscientious objectors to include non professional staff and institutions", "title_raw": "STC 3729/2017. Upon Unconstitutionality Actions 3729, 3751; Against Legislative Bill Bulletin No. 9895-11", "abstract_raw": "While many women have profited from the relatively recent rights-revolution in Latin America, their pregnant sisters have apparently had to sit in the back of the bus or stay off altogether. Even modest progress on abortion entitlements has come at a high price and slow pace, perhaps due to the opposition of an alliance of long-established and up-and-coming religious groups. On a positive note, however, the struggle for emancipation on this front seems to be moving forward. In Chile, the Constitutional Court's (or Tribunal's) opinion of August 28, 2017, STC 3729/2017, which generally upholds a legislative bill allowing a woman to abort in the face of risk to life, lethal prenatal pathology, or rape, provides a case in point. Significantly, it also expands the statutory category of conscientious objectors to include non-professional staff and institutions." }, { "paper": "2906015856", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2018", "title": "when militias provide welfare lessons from pakistan and nigeria", "label": [ "100243477" ], "author": [ "2241607341", "2906290298" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "When Militias Provide Welfare: Lessons from Pakistan and Nigeria", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2904801760", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2018", "title": "the chaperone effect in scientific publishing", "label": [ "22467394", "151719136", "39549134", "2776535583", "41458344" ], "author": [ "1251093988", "2144846277", "1965537935", "2195478976", "2220165269", "2149865473" ], "reference": [ "1964879903", "1965631677", "1980834688", "1997334370", "2006767851", "2015373063", "2031600278", "2037997493", "2038210378", "2051761001", "2051982322", "2058886715", "2067878796", "2082081686", "2086719521", "2096523843", "2109746829", "2124689612", "2150443611", "2151866568", "2167651468", "2192866431", "2318769499", "2547045893", "2565597050", "2585057539", "3104906840" ], "abstract": "experience plays a critical role in crafting high impact scientific work this is particularly evident in top multidisciplinary journals where a scientist is unlikely to appear as senior author if he or she has not previously published within the same journal here we develop a quantitative understanding of author order by quantifying this chaperone effect capturing how scientists transition into senior status within a particular publication venue we illustrate that the chaperone effect has a different magnitude for journals in different branches of science being more pronounced in medical and biological sciences and weaker in natural sciences finally we show that in the case of high impact venues the chaperone effect has significant implications specifically resulting in a higher average impact relative to papers authored by new principal investigators pis our findings shed light on the role played by experience in publishing within specific scientific journals on the paths toward acquiring the necessary experience and expertise and on the skills required to publish in prestigious venues", "title_raw": "The chaperone effect in scientific publishing.", "abstract_raw": "Experience plays a critical role in crafting high-impact scientific work. This is particularly evident in top multidisciplinary journals, where a scientist is unlikely to appear as senior author if he or she has not previously published within the same journal. Here, we develop a quantitative understanding of author order by quantifying this \u201cchaperone effect,\u201d capturing how scientists transition into senior status within a particular publication venue. We illustrate that the chaperone effect has a different magnitude for journals in different branches of science, being more pronounced in medical and biological sciences and weaker in natural sciences. Finally, we show that in the case of high-impact venues, the chaperone effect has significant implications, specifically resulting in a higher average impact relative to papers authored by new principal investigators (PIs). Our findings shed light on the role played by experience in publishing within specific scientific journals, on the paths toward acquiring the necessary experience and expertise, and on the skills required to publish in prestigious venues." }, { "paper": "2894671124", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2018", "title": "the prevalence of green and grey open access where do physical science researchers archive their publications", "label": [ "2778805511" ], "author": [ "2599783533", "2106315170" ], "reference": [ "1005483714", "1560783210", "2003786618", "2011443643", "2023783748", "2048185449", "2116455647", "2130719266", "2137725064", "2140880926", "2257858171", "2324810750", "2571238416", "2587705861", "2587836861", "2594848632", "2608652042", "2660852010", "2742438110", "2747772936", "2761955229", "2791306200", "3125825145" ], "abstract": "the canadian institute of health research cihr implemented an open access policy for its grant recipients in 2008 we used bibliographic data from the web of science to find out how cihr funded researchers in the physical sciences self archived their publications we also examined the self archiving policies of the journals in which the researchers published and compared the citation rates of two different self archiving approaches the green open access route deposit in an institutional or subject repository and the grey open access route deposit in an academic social network or personal departmental website only 14 of the articles were openly accessible through the green open access route while 37 could be accessed through the grey open access route we cannot ascribe the low uptake of green open access to publishers self archiving policies as almost all journals allowed self archiving through the green open access route authors deposited 31 of their publications in researchgate the most popular self archiving option in our study while they deposited only 2 1 of their publications in institutional repositories the least popular option the citation rates of the various self archiving approaches did not differ significantly our results suggest that it may be time to rethink how to achieve open access", "title_raw": "The prevalence of green and grey open access: Where do physical science researchers archive their publications?", "abstract_raw": "The Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) implemented an open access policy for its grant recipients in 2008. We used bibliographic data from the Web of Science to find out how CIHR-funded researchers in the physical sciences self-archived their publications. We also examined the self-archiving policies of the journals in which the researchers published, and compared the citation rates of two different self-archiving approaches: the green open access route (deposit in an institutional or subject repository) and the grey open access route (deposit in an academic social network or personal/departmental website). Only 14% of the articles were openly accessible through the green open access route, while 37% could be accessed through the grey open access route. We cannot ascribe the low uptake of green open access to publishers\u2019 self-archiving policies, as almost all journals allowed self-archiving through the green open access route. Authors deposited 31% of their publications in ResearchGate, the most popular self-archiving option in our study, while they deposited only 2.1% of their publications in institutional repositories, the least popular option. The citation rates of the various self-archiving approaches did not differ significantly. Our results suggest that it may be time to rethink how to achieve open access." }, { "paper": "2902650855", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2018", "title": "review of the mutual housing experiment new deal communities for the urban middle class by kristin m szylvian", "label": [ "2776732289", "2779233565" ], "author": [ "2102027253" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of The Mutual Housing Experiment: New Deal Communities for the Urban Middle Class by Kristin M. Szylvian", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2791981494", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2018", "title": "deadly elections post election violence in nigeria", "label": [ "17058734" ], "author": [ "245916131" ], "reference": [ "567170747", "628111617", "634851854", "1506532709", "1654570262", "1969804290", "1981183640", "1982003359", "1993032955", "1993963461", "2000086783", "2007628203", "2008336622", "2012181338", "2028686456", "2057043686", "2058316986", "2068825918", "2096126057", "2104980172", "2108041153", "2112010702", "2133102172", "2135115883", "2139850367", "2149758946", "2159556610", "2168369161", "2224939552", "2230733156", "2241105155", "2323931594", "2324440273", "2607241758", "2611135094", "2942966369", "3122680231", "3124609066", "3125515675" ], "abstract": "two decades after the third wave of democratization extensive violence continues to follow elections in sub saharan africa whereas national processes connected to pre election violence have rec", "title_raw": "Deadly elections : post-election violence in Nigeria", "abstract_raw": "Two decades after the \u2018third wave of democratization\u2019, extensive violence continues to follow elections in sub-Saharan Africa. Whereas national processes connected to pre-election violence have rec ..." }, { "paper": "2785331872", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2018", "title": "countdown to 2030 tracking progress towards universal coverage for reproductive maternal newborn and child health", "label": [ "2250968", "46578552" ], "author": [ "2168746073", "2304826302", "2065837648", "2246707465", "2130739053", "2083462730", "2122049347", "2141952123", "2015186656", "2126383504", "1923876551", "1934135534", "2785512952", "2043087548", "2148695815", "2668237846", "2020393399", "2231847126", "2327128186", "2182557313", "2222610134", "2214979510", "226131240", "2555934102", "2170717080", "2141661173", "2196495274", "2015114751", "1434118451", "269767684", "2195311838", "2675714448", "2913067297", "2785507113", "2168855570", "1994651963", "2529141239", "229110022", "2559911423", "1968854487", "2531543228", "2787605414", "367223444", "2168421734", "2032759198", "2078417163", "2043937284", "2098410311", "2430329757", "2032904960", "70155106", "2255930174", "2128235974", "2169363737", "1825037250", "1933676839", "2128170240", "690743808", "2513322742", "2786390036", "2204510535", "2003027563", "2123615209", "2436042732", "2785510639", "2154317473", "1949648709", "3114024453", "2095783794", "2513085962", "2588441405", "352251890", "2025377162", "2154401459", "2138773381", "2110872331" ], "reference": [ "1519787000", "1575848135", "1789328099", "1790114413", "1835489350", "1837367045", "1844942747", "1887791482", "1970689964", "1981910462", "1986795686", "2029148378", "2036476452", "2036954961", "2051745555", "2054697726", "2056968044", "2081097283", "2082085333", "2112709421", "2143292353", "2144365375", "2144896208", "2153285787", "2161643046", "2175954218", "2295820911", "2330782740", "2398723823", "2399792047", "2415838291", "2473905226", "2477817728", "2511632346", "2513901369", "2519182953", "2528003179", "2529846601", "2549697535", "2557811426", "2560846928", "2563673777", "2575639372", "2588124998", "2598615815", "2606488130", "2610921137", "2611079854", "2621424783", "2736546550", "2753051611", "2755297236", "2756784389", "2760030787", "2765890829", "3121369466", "3124152787" ], "abstract": "summary building upon the successes of countdown to 2015 countdown to 2030 aims to support the monitoring and measurement of women s children s and adolescents health in the 81 countries that account for 95 of maternal and 90 of all child deaths worldwide to achieve the sustainable development goals by 2030 the rate of decline in prevalence of maternal and child mortality stillbirths and stunting among children younger than 5 years of age needs to accelerate considerably compared with progress since 2000 such accelerations are only possible with a rapid scale up of effective interventions to all population groups within countries particularly in countries with the highest mortality and in those affected by conflict supported by improvements in underlying socioeconomic conditions including women s empowerment three main conclusions emerge from our analysis of intervention coverage equity and drivers of reproductive maternal newborn and child health rmnch in the 81 countdown countries first even though strong progress was made in the coverage of many essential rmnch interventions during the past decade many countries are still a long way from universal coverage for most essential interventions furthermore a growing body of evidence suggests that available services in many countries are of poor quality limiting the potential effect on rmnch outcomes second within country inequalities in intervention coverage are reducing in most countries and are now almost non existent in a few countries but the pace is too slow third health sector eg weak country health systems and non health sector drivers eg conflict settings are major impediments to delivering high quality services to all populations although more data for rmnch interventions are available now major data gaps still preclude the use of evidence to drive decision making and accountability countdown to 2030 is investing in improvements in measurement in several areas such as quality of care and effective coverage nutrition programmes adolescent health early childhood development and evidence for conflict settings and is prioritising its regional networks to enhance local analytic capacity and evidence for rmnch", "title_raw": "Countdown to 2030: tracking progress towards universal coverage for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health", "abstract_raw": "Summary Building upon the successes of Countdown to 2015, Countdown to 2030 aims to support the monitoring and measurement of women's, children's, and adolescents' health in the 81 countries that account for 95% of maternal and 90% of all child deaths worldwide. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, the rate of decline in prevalence of maternal and child mortality, stillbirths, and stunting among children younger than 5 years of age needs to accelerate considerably compared with progress since 2000. Such accelerations are only possible with a rapid scale-up of effective interventions to all population groups within countries (particularly in countries with the highest mortality and in those affected by conflict), supported by improvements in underlying socioeconomic conditions, including women's empowerment. Three main conclusions emerge from our analysis of intervention coverage, equity, and drivers of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) in the 81 Countdown countries. First, even though strong progress was made in the coverage of many essential RMNCH interventions during the past decade, many countries are still a long way from universal coverage for most essential interventions. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence suggests that available services in many countries are of poor quality, limiting the potential effect on RMNCH outcomes. Second, within-country inequalities in intervention coverage are reducing in most countries (and are now almost non-existent in a few countries), but the pace is too slow. Third, health-sector (eg, weak country health systems) and non-health-sector drivers (eg, conflict settings) are major impediments to delivering high-quality services to all populations. Although more data for RMNCH interventions are available now, major data gaps still preclude the use of evidence to drive decision making and accountability. Countdown to 2030 is investing in improvements in measurement in several areas, such as quality of care and effective coverage, nutrition programmes, adolescent health, early childhood development, and evidence for conflict settings, and is prioritising its regional networks to enhance local analytic capacity and evidence for RMNCH." }, { "paper": "2793948452", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2018", "title": "linking climate policies to advance global mitigation", "label": [ "128069549", "55447825", "199776023", "2776949292" ], "author": [ "1591833319", "2109935181", "143948175" ], "reference": [ "117172114", "1527458753", "2062444552", "2916668545", "2949030647", "3023905469" ], "abstract": "the november 2017 negotiations in bonn germany under the auspices of the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc validated that the paris agreement has met one of two necessary conditions for success by achieving broad participation including 195 countries accounting for 99 of global greenhouse gas ghg emissions 1 the agreement dramatically improves on the 14 of global emissions associated with countries acting under the kyoto protocol 2 the international agreement it will replace in 2020 but the second necessary condition adequate collective ambition of the nationally determined contributions ndcs that countries have individually pledged has not been met one promising approach to incentivize countries to increase ambition over time is to link different climate policies such that emission reductions in one jurisdiction can be counted toward mitigation commitments of another jurisdiction drawing on our research and our experiences in bonn we explore options and challenges for facilitating such linkages in light of the considerable heterogeneity that is likely to characterize regional national and subnational policy efforts", "title_raw": "Linking climate policies to advance global mitigation", "abstract_raw": "The November 2017 negotiations in Bonn, Germany, under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) validated that the Paris Agreement has met one of two necessary conditions for success. By achieving broad participation, including 195 countries, accounting for 99% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ( 1 ), the agreement dramatically improves on the 14% of global emissions associated with countries acting under the Kyoto Protocol ( 2 ), the international agreement it will replace in 2020. But the second necessary condition, adequate collective ambition of the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) that countries have individually pledged, has not been met. One promising approach to incentivize countries to increase ambition over time is to link different climate policies, such that emission reductions in one jurisdiction can be counted toward mitigation commitments of another jurisdiction. Drawing on our research and our experiences in Bonn, we explore options and challenges for facilitating such linkages in light of the considerable heterogeneity that is likely to characterize regional, national, and subnational policy efforts." }, { "paper": "2616940675", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2018", "title": "the broad impact of a narrow conflict how natural resource windfalls shape policy and politics", "label": [ "94625758", "170659323", "29985473", "522562087" ], "author": [ "2902298104", "2620350454", "3448918" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "access to natural resources creates a political conflict between the expected economic winners and their environmental opponents but the effects of such conflict on policy and politics remain uncl", "title_raw": "The Broad Impact of a Narrow Conflict: How Natural Resource Windfalls Shape Policy and Politics", "abstract_raw": "Access to natural resources creates a political conflict between the expected economic winners and their environmental opponents, but the effects of such conflict on policy and politics remain uncl..." }, { "paper": "2604746261", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2018", "title": "political competition partisanship and interpersonal trust in electoral democracies", "label": [ "94625758", "68579090" ], "author": [ "2013539116", "2135040847" ], "reference": [ "23079471", "90970949", "158727920", "284513564", "575097697", "644783712", "646947253", "809551758", "942274081", "1492393616", "1511343964", "1541050505", "1547948019", "1550411584", "1559323461", "1560718776", "1562888238", "1591338730", "1601258818", "1849383531", "1854379977", "1926696317", "1951254666", "1964224704", "1964696007", "1973485875", "1977825494", "1978621886", "1982593017", "1982640169", "1992420719", "2005101856", "2005603774", "2005640289", "2010695531", "2015475645", "2020120320", "2024145204", "2028847787", "2034328075", "2034520239", "2037265139", "2042635502", "2045633722", "2052835760", "2061555380", "2066475837", "2074563795", "2075001381", "2077397552", "2081427304", "2083251333", "2083277050", "2085876742", "2090699109", "2091848367", "2096843647", "2099006715", "2099955253", "2100563072", "2100969447", "2101736928", "2102513659", "2104680770", "2109269036", "2112461603", "2113973679", "2114991554", "2117963689", "2120946983", "2124134613", "2125872586", "2127664981", "2128465202", "2130140239", "2133446335", "2133784261", "2137998590", "2138071376", "2139095040", "2139577967", "2144712004", "2147264455", "2147602649", "2148658646", "2148929354", "2150690631", "2160910326", "2162299753", "2165692775", "2166803258", "2175723801", "2236230764", "2314972133", "2319130446", "2322912595", "2328418989", "2329648039", "2903590133", "2993108434", "3022339544", "3122756704", "3125045176", "3125134650", "3125566219", "3125732352", "3147922453", "3149953018", "3155223420" ], "abstract": "how does democratic politics inform the interdisciplinary debate on the evolution of human co operation and the social preferences for example trust altruism and reciprocity that support it this article advances a theory of partisan trust discrimination in electoral democracies based on social identity cognitive heuristics and interparty competition evidence from behavioral experiments in eight democracies show trust gaps between co and rival partisans are ubiquitous and larger than trust gaps based on the social identities that undergird the party system a natural experiment found that partisan trust gaps in the united states disappeared immediately following the killing of osama bin laden but observational data indicate that partisan trust gaps track with perceptions of party polarization in all eight cases finally the effects of partisanship on trust outstrip minimal group treatments yet minimal group effects are on par with the effects of most treatments for ascriptive characteristics in the literature in sum these findings suggest political competition dramatically shapes the salience of partisanship in interpersonal trust the foundation of co operation", "title_raw": "Political Competition, Partisanship and Interpersonal Trust in Electoral Democracies", "abstract_raw": "How does democratic politics inform the interdisciplinary debate on the evolution of human co-operation and the social preferences (for example, trust, altruism and reciprocity) that support it? This article advances a theory of partisan trust discrimination in electoral democracies based on social identity, cognitive heuristics and interparty competition. Evidence from behavioral experiments in eight democracies show \u2018trust gaps\u2019 between co- and rival partisans are ubiquitous, and larger than trust gaps based on the social identities that undergird the party system. A natural experiment found that partisan trust gaps in the United States disappeared immediately following the killing of Osama bin Laden. But observational data indicate that partisan trust gaps track with perceptions of party polarization in all eight cases. Finally, the effects of partisanship on trust outstrip minimal group treatments, yet minimal-group effects are on par with the effects of most treatments for ascriptive characteristics in the literature. In sum, these findings suggest political competition dramatically shapes the salience of partisanship in interpersonal trust, the foundation of co-operation." }, { "paper": "2790468085", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2018", "title": "attitudes towards highly skilled and low skilled immigration in europe a survey experiment in 15 european countries", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "2072833280", "2333137411", "2921516138" ], "reference": [ "978776", "336815429", "645974420", "1489317347", "1532858657", "1715067237", "2007504096", "2018958611", "2021003966", "2028526264", "2043435568", "2075928611", "2098662935", "2103192602", "2103560939", "2105257747", "2115418787", "2116085436", "2124600012", "2126595010", "2130691590", "2134511983", "2137874361", "2144450384", "2151024509", "2151405152", "2152380907", "2167121898", "2170510894", "2291242290", "2319335958", "2320616603", "2515781884", "2568223218", "2606400777", "2611548913", "3107777251", "3121774280", "3122271338", "3125922936" ], "abstract": "to what extent do economic concerns drive anti migrant attitudes key theoretical arguments extract two central motives increased labour market competition and the fiscal burden linked to the influx of migrants this article provides new evidence regarding the impact of material self interest on attitudes towards immigrants it reports the results of a survey experiment embedded in representative surveys in 15 european countries before and after the european refugee crisis in 2014 as anticipated by the fiscal burden argument it is found that rich natives prefer highly skilled over low skilled migration more than low income respondents do moreover the study shows that these tax concerns among the wealthy are stronger if fiscal exposure to migration is high no support is found for the labour market competition argument predicting that natives will be most opposed to migrants with similar skills the results suggest that highly skilled migrants are preferred over low skilled migrants irrespective of natives skill levels", "title_raw": "Attitudes towards highly skilled and low\u2010skilled immigration in Europe: A survey experiment in 15 European countries", "abstract_raw": "To what extent do economic concerns drive anti\u2010migrant attitudes? Key theoretical arguments extract two central motives: increased labour market competition and the fiscal burden linked to the influx of migrants. This article provides new evidence regarding the impact of material self\u2010interest on attitudes towards immigrants. It reports the results of a survey experiment embedded in representative surveys in 15 European countries before and after the European refugee crisis in 2014. As anticipated by the fiscal burden argument, it is found that rich natives prefer highly skilled over low\u2010skilled migration more than low\u2010income respondents do. Moreover, the study shows that these tax concerns among the wealthy are stronger if fiscal exposure to migration is high. No support is found for the labour market competition argument predicting that natives will be most opposed to migrants with similar skills. The results suggest that highly skilled migrants are preferred over low\u2010skilled migrants irrespective of natives\u2019 skill levels." }, { "paper": "2792615331", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2018", "title": "simulated complexity a new classroom simulation to teach about campaign finance laws", "label": [ "2776398702", "2777094542", "94625758", "199539241", "2780883770" ], "author": [ "2102016966", "2484493062" ], "reference": [ "786410584", "1412116508", "1498613126", "1502365356", "1972024638", "2000945049", "2005641974", "2008513711", "2013420584", "2041776026", "2048506211", "2065235368", "2071229621", "2085753372", "2108902076", "2115051409", "2116323057", "2119981017", "2124373502", "2132050446", "2133762681", "2139284325", "2143102207", "2146674964", "2155347514", "2157656536", "2161989740", "2171478854", "2175337164", "2258690588", "2271661959", "2306981595", "2319100251", "2335634745", "2566903215", "2591096331", "2896223489", "3122309209", "3123248148", "3124303862" ], "abstract": "classroom simulations have become an increasingly popular instructional method in political science to increase student engagement interest and learning this article describes a simulation designed to teach students about the complexities of campaign finance systems particularly disclosure requirements in the simulation students work in groups to convince others how to vote on a pending ballot measure after spending more than 200 on materials groups then must register as ballot issue committees and comply with state campaign finance laws including tracking contributions and expenditures and completing all required forms the simulation ends with a debrief results from several years of debriefs are presented to discuss how students perceive the complexities of campaign finance laws dominant themes include surprise by students in the complexities of these laws and the effects they have on political speech and association", "title_raw": "Simulated Complexity: A New Classroom Simulation to Teach about Campaign-Finance Laws", "abstract_raw": "Classroom simulations have become an increasingly popular instructional method in political science to increase student engagement, interest, and learning. This article describes a simulation designed to teach students about the complexities of campaign-finance systems, particularly disclosure requirements. In the simulation, students work in groups to convince others how to vote on a pending ballot measure. After spending more than $200 on materials, groups then must register as ballot-issue committees and comply with state campaign-finance laws, including tracking contributions and expenditures and completing all required forms. The simulation ends with a debrief. Results from several years of debriefs are presented to discuss how students perceive the complexities of campaign-finance laws. Dominant themes include surprise by students in the complexities of these laws and the effects they have on political speech and association." }, { "paper": "2799498546", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2018", "title": "islamophobia health and public health a systematic literature review", "label": [ "70036468", "2776364013", "2250968", "2780443679", "139838865" ], "author": [ "2584763987", "2726705578", "2373553412" ], "reference": [ "1973195590", "1974004574", "1976985160", "1987474573", "1990162793", "1994272614", "2008915861", "2010542382", "2011651132", "2017098966", "2024891000", "2032125649", "2041670111", "2043210270", "2044072161", "2051962606", "2056241078", "2061971135", "2108259924", "2115851070", "2120100418", "2122889339", "2125178015", "2125536191", "2126077555", "2128286068", "2130688509", "2130870365", "2139748537", "2149413567", "2149595100", "2157096064", "2161248039", "2161374186", "2169879182", "2171135456", "2171908516", "2267350494", "2275708652", "2294047662", "2317467775", "2466127485", "2519125215", "2531269403", "2566297736", "2590769335", "2622726495", "2626308989", "2754746653" ], "abstract": "background in 2017 a muslim ban on immigrants to the united states was coupled with a continued rise in islamophobia and hate crimes toward muslims islamophobia undermines health equity yet delineating the effects of islamophobia globally is challenging as it affects a myriad of groups geographically racially and socially additionally stereotypes equate all muslims with populations from the middle east and south asia to date health research pays insufficient attention to islamophobia muslims and those racialized to be muslim objectives this literature review advances our understanding of racism and health by examining the racialization of religion by specifically examining islamophobia as a form of discrimination search methods per prisma guidelines we conducted a search in october 2017 using pubmed medline and a combination of terms we identified additional articles using other search engines for inclusion articles needed to include a descriptor of discrimination contain an identi", "title_raw": "Islamophobia, Health, and Public Health: A Systematic Literature Review.", "abstract_raw": "Background. In 2017, a \u201cMuslim ban\u201d on immigrants to the United States was coupled with a continued rise in Islamophobia and hate crimes toward Muslims. Islamophobia undermines health equity, yet delineating the effects of Islamophobia globally is challenging as it affects a myriad of groups (geographically, racially, and socially). Additionally, stereotypes equate all Muslims with populations from the Middle East and South Asia. To date, health research pays insufficient attention to Islamophobia, Muslims, and those racialized to be Muslim.Objectives. This literature review advances our understanding of racism and health by examining the racialization of religion, by specifically examining Islamophobia as a form of discrimination.Search Methods. Per PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a search in October 2017 using PubMed\u2013MEDLINE and a combination of terms. We identified additional articles using other search engines. For inclusion, articles needed to include a descriptor of discrimination, contain an identi..." }, { "paper": "2790072432", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2018", "title": "autocratic legitimation in iran ali khamenei s discourse on regime insiders and outsiders", "label": [ "2776845398", "2778348292", "158071213", "144661447" ], "author": [ "1502761973" ], "reference": [ "203002913", "296931085", "607540926", "621596375", "636325353", "649889007", "651473079", "1511736487", "1556561618", "1582522314", "1586576370", "1981894979", "1987609713", "1991616279", "2005470052", "2011939137", "2015819903", "2021677268", "2035414282", "2041733759", "2045198127", "2054520988", "2084242050", "2104523600", "2117454565", "2145504131", "2165558613", "2169748395", "2171147479", "2376591230", "2475899869", "2477078834", "2490864717", "2521565904", "2553022719", "2588399233", "2595486338", "2597234708", "2608783374", "2715845474", "2898070355", "2909278444", "2911710073" ], "abstract": "the article analyses ali khamenei s discourse on insiders and outsiders in the islamic republic of iran arguing that it shows the leader of an electoral revolutionary regime striving to counter el", "title_raw": "Autocratic legitimation in Iran: Ali Khamenei\u2019s discourse on regime \u201cinsiders\u201d and \u201coutsiders\u201d", "abstract_raw": "The article analyses Ali Khamenei\u2019s discourse on insiders and outsiders in the Islamic Republic of Iran, arguing that it shows the leader of an electoral revolutionary regime striving to counter el..." }, { "paper": "2804666912", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2018", "title": "stemming the tide human rights and water policy in a neoliberal world by madeline baer review", "label": [ "169437150" ], "author": [ "2668171361" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Stemming the Tide: Human Rights and Water Policy in a Neoliberal World by Madeline Baer (review)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2796064856", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2018", "title": "joanna cohen luxurious citizens the politics of consumption in nineteenth century america", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2796453445" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Joanna Cohen. Luxurious Citizens: The Politics of Consumption in Nineteenth-Century America.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2889981474", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2018", "title": "the soviet union and the horn of africa during the cold war between ideology and pragmatism", "label": [ "158071213" ], "author": [ "2747928986" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Soviet Union and the Horn of Africa during the Cold War: between ideology and pragmatism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2884902360", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2018", "title": "the crisis of liberalism", "label": [ "547727832" ], "author": [ "2589559180" ], "reference": [ "777717047", "1493871879", "1503134246", "1980802114", "2007183610", "2023756523", "2064374220", "2104367254", "2798331379", "2799282669", "2800041795", "2904546505", "3139254128" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Crisis of Liberalism", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2802934946", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2018", "title": "islamophobia and the public health implications of religious hatred", "label": [ "2776364013", "2779621813", "2780617971" ], "author": [ "2802594660", "2203241872" ], "reference": [ "2789829836" ], "abstract": "the article discusses the public health implications of religious hatred specifically islamophobia topics include the negative impact of religious discrimination targeting muslims on their physical and mental health and the impact of religious discrimination on personal and institutional resources provided through partnerships between faith based and public health sectors", "title_raw": "Islamophobia and the Public Health Implications of Religious Hatred.", "abstract_raw": "The article discusses the public health implications of religious hatred, specifically Islamophobia. Topics include the negative impact of religious discrimination targeting Muslims on their physical and mental health, and the impact of religious discrimination on personal and institutional resources provided through partnerships between faith-based and public health sectors." }, { "paper": "2905556039", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2018", "title": "south korean scientists protest treatment of university president accused of misusing funds", "label": [ "94625758", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1721052684" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the science ministry alleges that kaist leader shin sung chul made illegal payments to a california lab but many scientists see a political purge the science ministry alleges that kaist leader shin sung chul made illegal payments to a california lab but many scientists see a political purge", "title_raw": "South Korean scientists protest treatment of university president accused of misusing funds.", "abstract_raw": "The science ministry alleges that KAIST leader Shin Sung-Chul made illegal payments to a California lab, but many scientists see a political purge. The science ministry alleges that KAIST leader Shin Sung-Chul made illegal payments to a California lab, but many scientists see a political purge." }, { "paper": "2892983933", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2018", "title": "religious radicalism as a trend", "label": [ "190475667" ], "author": [ "2894414729" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Religious Radicalism as a Trend", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2895281644", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2018", "title": "lorelle semley to be free and french citizenship in france s atlantic empire", "label": [ "2778495208", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2479720334" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Lorelle Semley. To Be Free and French: Citizenship in France\u2019s Atlantic Empire.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2809417840", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2018", "title": "the institute of education sciences a model for federal research offices", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2809596188" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "within each cabinet level department of the federal government there are offices responsible for research evaluation and statistics these offices are critical to producing evidence for social po", "title_raw": "The Institute of Education Sciences: A Model for Federal Research Offices:", "abstract_raw": "Within each cabinet-level department of the federal government there are offices responsible for research, evaluation, and statistics. These offices are critical to producing evidence for social po..." }, { "paper": "2796715436", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2018", "title": "alternative action organizations social solidarity or political advocacy", "label": [ "2778971194", "94625758", "2781334022", "69828861" ], "author": [ "2014559654", "2142728013" ], "reference": [ "137630997", "1408991106", "1481552200", "1495623502", "1499966850", "1558987779", "1577144590", "1833042173", "1972792338", "1980067160", "2010009873", "2016344594", "2019044683", "2029425540", "2032938174", "2062878894", "2068605385", "2070283890", "2076896422", "2089558067", "2109150327", "2139369652", "2161182874", "2264586658", "2331740925", "2430323265", "2490235051", "2501136736", "2611145681", "2611661221", "2803808178" ], "abstract": "this article investigates the involvement of alternative action organizations in three forms of political advocacy in an attempt to gauge their degree of politicization these forms can be understood as representing three different ways of making political claims by raising public awareness with respect to a given cause or issue by trying to influence the policy maker through insider lobbying activities and by protesting in the streets as outsiders our findings show strong cross national variations in all three forms of political activities although not always following a consistent pattern they also suggest that there is a relationship between the severity of the economic crisis and the form of advocacy most important our analysis suggests that the politicization of alternative action organizations depends both on certain internal characteristics such as their degree of formalization and professionalization as well as their thematic focus and the scope of their activities and on the broader context in terms of economic crisis austerity policies and political opportunities as regards the latter we find an impact especially on lobbying and protesting", "title_raw": "Alternative Action Organizations: Social Solidarity or Political Advocacy?:", "abstract_raw": "This article investigates the involvement of alternative action organizations in three forms of political advocacy in an attempt to gauge their degree of politicization. These forms can be understood as representing three different ways of making political claims: by raising public awareness with respect to a given cause or issue, by trying to influence the policy maker through \u201cinsider\u201d lobbying activities, and by protesting in the streets as \u201coutsiders.\u201d Our findings show strong cross-national variations in all three forms of political activities, although not always following a consistent pattern. They also suggest that there is a relationship between the severity of the economic crisis and the form of advocacy. Most important, our analysis suggests that the politicization of alternative action organizations depends both on certain internal characteristics such as their degree of formalization and professionalization, as well as their thematic focus, and the scope of their activities, and on the broader context in terms of economic crisis, austerity policies, and political opportunities. As regards the latter, we find an impact especially on lobbying and protesting." }, { "paper": "2746334195", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2018", "title": "ballot structure list flexibility and policy representation", "label": [ "20871130", "39549134", "2781440851", "188968914", "45184978", "8885992", "3640955", "30231744", "2777094542" ], "author": [ "2073891074", "2103658547" ], "reference": [ "89415422", "811585857", "1573060590", "1584978060", "1911393193", "1947606114", "1976864692", "1995643388", "2000834367", "2014907889", "2021185104", "2040820582", "2048702049", "2050179336", "2095303957", "2099921486", "2100449930", "2100813480", "2103329753", "2113127053", "2115091228", "2187082881", "2340762782", "2486353576", "3123668370", "3124007724" ], "abstract": "there is a growing body of research on the impact of the electoral system ballot structure on the behaviour of politicians we offer a clear ordinal and rules based three way coding closed flexible open of the electoral systems used in european parliament elections taking into account both the ballot type and the intra party seat allocation rules for the notoriously difficult group of flexible list systems we show how these operated in the 2004 2009 and 2014 elections and introduce an additional behavioural distinction between weakly flexible and strongly flexible subtypes at the party list level we then illustrate how the type of ballot used in an election can influence individual policy representation by looking at the vote splits between members of the european parliament meps in the european people s party in a vote on tackling homophobia", "title_raw": "Ballot Structure, List Flexibility and Policy Representation", "abstract_raw": "There is a growing body of research on the impact of the electoral system \u2018ballot structure\u2019 on the behaviour of politicians. We offer a clear, ordinal and rules-based three-way coding (closed, flexible, open) of the electoral systems used in European Parliament elections, taking into account both the ballot type and the intra-party seat-allocation rules. For the notoriously difficult group of flexible list-systems, we show how these operated in the 2004, 2009 and 2014 elections, and introduce an additional behavioural distinction between \u2018weakly flexible\u2019 and \u2018strongly flexible\u2019 subtypes at the party-list-level. We then illustrate how the type of ballot used in an election can influence individual policy representation by looking at the vote-splits between Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) in the European People\u2019s Party in a vote on tackling homophobia." }, { "paper": "2925137106", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2018", "title": "echoes of opposition the media campaign to stop echo park dam and save dinosaur national monument", "label": [ "2780668109" ], "author": [ "2924819763" ], "reference": [ "636078554", "2044967235", "2083300494", "2113366274", "2150957645", "2221997755" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Echoes of opposition: the media campaign to stop echo park dam and save dinosaur national monument", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2804710755", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2018", "title": "the federal design dilemma congress and intergovernmental delegation by pamela j clouser mccann cambridge cambridge university press 2016", "label": [ "86532276", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2283500733" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Federal Design Dilemma: Congress and Intergovernmental Delegation. By Pamela J. Clouser McCann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2803321849", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2018", "title": "what is pivotal politics and what else can it be", "label": [ "2778558725", "94625758", "2778680907" ], "author": [ "2171042352", "2283500733", "2894059967" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in this article we discuss what krehbiel s pivotal politics theory does and does not imply and then turn to ways that this parsimonious and highly influential theory of lawmaking can and should", "title_raw": "What Is Pivotal Politics (and What Else Can It Be)", "abstract_raw": "In this article, we discuss what Krehbiel\u2019s Pivotal Politics theory does (and does not) imply and then turn to ways that this parsimonious and highly influential theory of lawmaking can and should ..." }, { "paper": "2346060732", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2018", "title": "when do states take the bait state capacity and the provocation logic of terrorism", "label": [ "51575053", "2776398702", "199539241", "203133693", "169437150" ], "author": [ "3003185766" ], "reference": [ "144286009", "177879470", "606783974", "1557983875", "1601906617", "1956425009", "1968213505", "1971291806", "1973532774", "1988797246", "1988926412", "2002452523", "2004942320", "2007352806", "2010208722", "2015780861", "2018712474", "2019176210", "2020003754", "2022596235", "2027515641", "2028627275", "2032875594", "2052144741", "2055432820", "2064201228", "2082484556", "2083513139", "2088225569", "2092517156", "2098888137", "2107177679", "2107986666", "2108904911", "2112142960", "2116589101", "2118859991", "2119168393", "2119997724", "2120272366", "2122728939", "2126006962", "2132509947", "2134246329", "2134732587", "2138432709", "2139959576", "2141916283", "2142058045", "2145724308", "2146807455", "2149047800", "2150330128", "2151780178", "2154979475", "2155376307", "2159095021", "2159748893", "2166374795", "2168916233", "2169857208", "2170398883", "2802503707", "3121778632", "3122074090", "3122103792", "3123200913", "3124202600", "3124473712", "3154739585" ], "abstract": "a prominent theory holds that groups may use terrorism in order to provoke governments into undertaking repression that alienates the population however virtually no studies have addressed the central puzzle of this provocation logic why states would actually fall into this trap if doing so can backfire this study seeks to address this puzzle by suggesting conditions under which states would respond to terrorism with repression i argue that states with limited bureaucratic capacity are more prone to using repression after terrorist incidents as their ability to selectively crack down is inhibited by their more limited capability for controlling monitoring and collecting revenue from their populations and for collecting intelligence on suspected terrorists using a cross national analysis with data from 1981 to 2011 i find it is low capacity states which are most likely to respond to terrorism with repression while constraints on executive authority have no clear effect", "title_raw": "When Do States Take the Bait? State Capacity and the Provocation Logic of Terrorism", "abstract_raw": "A prominent theory holds that groups may use terrorism in order to provoke governments into undertaking repression that alienates the population. However, virtually no studies have addressed the central puzzle of this provocation logic: why states would actually fall into this trap, if doing so can backfire. This study seeks to address this puzzle by suggesting conditions under which states would respond to terrorism with repression. I argue that states with limited bureaucratic capacity are more prone to using repression after terrorist incidents, as their ability to selectively crack down is inhibited by their more limited capability for controlling, monitoring, and collecting revenue from their populations and for collecting intelligence on suspected terrorists. Using a cross-national analysis with data from 1981 to 2011, I find it is low-capacity states which are most likely to respond to terrorism with repression, while constraints on executive authority have no clear effect." }, { "paper": "2784177215", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2018", "title": "forced migration refugees and china s entry into the family of nations 1861 1949", "label": [ "191935318", "541189924", "173145845" ], "author": [ "2155766083" ], "reference": [ "13270084", "378722381", "584271395", "625750545", "630447308", "632637381", "1421325151", "1515461000", "1519657321", "1539325952", "1552108698", "1559387633", "1560035387", "1573547966", "1583600662", "1587294828", "1591146905", "1968247579", "2002832959", "2016668765", "2033724702", "2041879460", "2049234246", "2052744052", "2052933629", "2082329438", "2089779923", "2111096826", "2143084606", "2157673732", "2169732068", "2341626594", "2479225115", "2903292782", "3011064305", "3081959515", "3114725440" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Forced Migration, Refugees and China\u2019s Entry into the \u2018Family of Nations\u2019, 1861\u20131949", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2796346286", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2018", "title": "sven beckert and seth rockman editors slavery s capitalism a new history of american economic development", "label": [ "514928085" ], "author": [ "2305800434" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sven Beckert and Seth Rockman, editors. Slavery\u2019s Capitalism: A New History of American Economic Development.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2802193050", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2018", "title": "a slow and steady approach to building trust in government", "label": [ "148834064", "3116431" ], "author": [ "673333485" ], "reference": [ "562243588", "1976025742", "1999625018", "2122578209", "3125213042" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A slow and steady approach to building trust in government", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3123521166", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2018", "title": "the delegate paradox why polarized politicians can represent citizens best", "label": [ "94625758", "158071213", "134698397", "2776359362", "125505783" ], "author": [ "1999129008", "2176954325" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "many advocate for political reforms intended to resolve apparent disjunctures between politicians ideologically polarized policy positions and citizens less polarized policy preferences we show", "title_raw": "The Delegate Paradox: Why Polarized Politicians Can Represent Citizens Best", "abstract_raw": "Many advocate for political reforms intended to resolve apparent disjunctures between politicians\u2019 ideologically polarized policy positions and citizens\u2019 less polarized policy preferences. We show ..." }, { "paper": "2784008409", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2018", "title": "public health issues in 2016 presidential campaign communications", "label": [ "39549134", "94625758", "197487636", "2778080475", "160735492", "47344431", "2776643233" ], "author": [ "2810748910", "2783691915" ], "reference": [ "2087610333", "2149054202", "2157979842" ], "abstract": "an editorial is presented which addresses the authors views about the communication of various public health issues during the 2016 u s presidential campaign and it mentions how then american presidential candidates donald trump and hillary clinton rarely discussed public health topics during the 2016 campaign issues such as mental health and health care costs in america are examined along with children s health care and the u s patient protection and affordable care act", "title_raw": "Public Health Issues in 2016 Presidential Campaign Communications.", "abstract_raw": "An editorial is presented which addresses the authors' views about the communication of various public health issues during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, and it mentions how then-American presidential candidates Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton rarely discussed public health topics during the 2016 campaign. Issues such as mental health and health care costs in America are examined, along with children's health care and the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act." }, { "paper": "2800643149", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2018", "title": "europe moves to compete in global ai arms race", "label": [ "2780233690", "147859227", "3116431", "191935318", "2776034101" ], "author": [ "2345489577" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "europe is trying to catch up to the united states and china in an artificial intelligence ai arms race the european commission announced last week that it would devote 1 5 billion to ai research funding through 2020 it also said it would present ethical guidelines for ai development by the end of the year suggesting that europe could become a precautionary counterweight to its global rivals as fears are raised about a lack of fairness and transparency in the quickly advancing field the commission says it will fund basic research as well as research that could be spun off into the market and it intends to help member states set up joint research centers across europe it also plans to update rules to ease the reuse of public sector information including available research data large data sets are critical for training ais", "title_raw": "Europe moves to compete in global AI arms race.", "abstract_raw": "Europe is trying to catch up to the United States and China in an artificial intelligence (AI) arms race. The European Commission announced last week that it would devote \u20ac1.5 billion to AI research funding through 2020. It also said it would present ethical guidelines for AI development by the end of the year, suggesting that Europe could become a precautionary counterweight to its global rivals as fears are raised about a lack of fairness and transparency in the quickly advancing field. The commission says it will fund basic research as well as research that could be spun off into the market, and it intends to help member states set up joint research centers across Europe. It also plans to update rules to ease the reuse of public sector information\u2014including available research data. Large data sets are critical for training AIs." }, { "paper": "2925102076", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2019", "title": "paying it forward canada s renewed commitment to nato s enhanced forward presence", "label": [ "93377909", "2778431023" ], "author": [ "2002858940", "2995051019", "2923032632" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "although the dissolution of the soviet union may have altered the founding cold war rationale for nato the fundamental principle of the transatlantic alliance has prevailed for 70 years the colle", "title_raw": "Paying it forward: Canada\u2019s renewed commitment to NATO\u2019s enhanced forward presence", "abstract_raw": "Although the dissolution of the Soviet Union may have altered the founding Cold War rationale for NATO, the fundamental principle of the transatlantic alliance has prevailed for 70 years: the colle..." }, { "paper": "2955485170", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2019", "title": "european disintegration the politics of crisis in the european union by d webber basingstoke red globe press 2018 isbn 9781137529473 xxix 254pp 32 99 pb", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2953672524" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "European Disintegration?: The Politics of Crisis in the European Union, by D. Webber (Basingstoke: Red Globe Press, 2018, ISBN 9781137529473); xxix+254pp., \u00a332.99 pb.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2948100094", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2019", "title": "jan vermeiren the first world war and german national identity the dual alliance at war", "label": [ "2778431023", "2778407155" ], "author": [ "2274020335" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Jan Vermeiren. The First World War and German National Identity: The Dual Alliance at War.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2805201356", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2019", "title": "assessing mutual trust among eu members evidence from the european arrest warrant", "label": [ "169437150", "102587632", "199539241" ], "author": [ "1985397226" ], "reference": [ "179351930", "582364887", "2011136318", "2014435970", "2029397477", "2045125684", "2049549818", "2067647908", "2086846784", "2130660952", "2153649638", "2166040563", "2175283277", "2319660701", "2342429896", "2506929262", "2530751690", "2558675145", "2577551785", "2677832675", "2737749684", "2737883199", "2764600747", "2788276362", "3121520680", "3122484518", "3123097647" ], "abstract": "international cooperation on criminal justice requires mutual trust a belief that the partner s legal system functions adequately and adheres to fundamental norms the european union builds its ju", "title_raw": "Assessing mutual trust among EU members: evidence from the European Arrest Warrant", "abstract_raw": "International cooperation on criminal justice requires mutual trust: a belief that the partner's legal system functions adequately and adheres to fundamental norms. The European Union builds its ju..." }, { "paper": "2902791326", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2019", "title": "the mahathir effect in malaysia s 2018 election the role of credible personalities in regime transitions", "label": [ "59742305", "2776051254", "68346564" ], "author": [ "2947017561" ], "reference": [ "381582087", "432573661", "627195075", "639546505", "1489001029", "1509383136", "1533204478", "1559298286", "1933505357", "1966606849", "1975936336", "1991997006", "1993330971", "1994392311", "1995218043", "1996105674", "2001975063", "2008702523", "2011510830", "2011732619", "2025902710", "2028389086", "2028654965", "2036717359", "2038746406", "2042524370", "2043593532", "2049356971", "2058632596", "2060661801", "2063730695", "2065182321", "2066511003", "2074274416", "2074931112", "2077647611", "2083073873", "2088246085", "2123150515", "2125353063", "2126933152", "2132350913", "2138814304", "2161947252", "2162818481", "2166749687", "2167155027", "2172160015", "2188283870", "2243220957", "2264769561", "2278676344", "2314121569", "2315433302", "2326324160", "2327597824", "2328027452", "2329151680", "2334875510", "2336918257", "2524123291" ], "abstract": "the 14th malaysian general elections pilihanraya umum 14 pru 14 in 2018 proved to be a watershed election as barisan nasional national front bn lost power for the first time in history paka", "title_raw": "The Mahathir effect in Malaysia\u2019s 2018 election: the role of credible personalities in regime transitions", "abstract_raw": "The 14th Malaysian General Elections (Pilihanraya Umum, 14, PRU 14) in 2018 proved to be a watershed election as Barisan Nasional (National Front, BN) lost power for the first time in history. Paka..." }, { "paper": "2958361761", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2019", "title": "maria de los angeles gonzalez carreno v ministry of justice", "label": [ "2779080126", "2775884135", "86615163", "169437150", "199539241", "2779010840", "2776398702", "2778272461", "2776847301" ], "author": [ "1937851431" ], "reference": [ "2767539219", "2894783008", "2901008772", "2912742249", "3122419738" ], "abstract": "the ruling of the spanish supreme court in judgment no 1263 2018 recognizing for the first time the binding character of the views of the committee on the elimination of discrimination against women cedaw committee augmented the normative authority of the views of the human rights treaty monitoring body not only at the domestic level but also within the international legal sphere in the judgment the spanish highest court held that the government must comply with the views of the cedaw committee as a matter of the state s constitutional mandate as well as its international obligations the court s interpretation in this case meets the expectation of human rights treaty monitoring bodies that states are obligated to respond to their views concerning individual communications despite some states parties claims to the contrary", "title_raw": "Mar\u00eda de los \u00c1ngeles Gonz\u00e1lez Carre\u00f1o v. Ministry of Justice", "abstract_raw": "The ruling of the Spanish Supreme Court in Judgment No. 1263/2018, recognizing, for the first time, the binding character of the Views of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW Committee), augmented the normative authority of the Views of the human rights treaty monitoring body, not only at the domestic level, but also within the international legal sphere. In the Judgment, the Spanish highest court held that the government must comply with the Views of the CEDAW Committee as a matter of the state's constitutional mandate as well as its international obligations. The Court's interpretation in this case meets the expectation of human rights treaty monitoring bodies that states are obligated to respond to their Views concerning individual communications, despite some states parties\u2019 claims to the contrary." }, { "paper": "2936214556", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2019", "title": "toward a cultural sociology of immigration control a call for research", "label": [ "2780652975", "51575053", "70036468", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2767622428" ], "reference": [ "600966421", "1587456763", "1683569300", "1927589308", "1972559475", "1973779989", "1985510747", "1987850680", "2004749924", "2005347883", "2016695898", "2025751880", "2032225500", "2032740014", "2035239461", "2037608817", "2042857239", "2075268101", "2082892198", "2088417850", "2093187703", "2094014678", "2098013812", "2104190044", "2104983586", "2115706034", "2121581052", "2122407370", "2125377513", "2135754493", "2138839915", "2144548174", "2145487225", "2154453240", "2161797449", "2162412465", "2164039506", "2172018228", "2173911506", "2190778627", "2226667570", "2252733292", "2313187448", "2333802002", "2463460495", "2500561238", "2578426260", "2587043168", "2767285510", "2771135408", "3122081473", "3122333974" ], "abstract": "the criminalization of immigration has garnered a great deal of attention in the united states and abroad most research however examines the political and legal shifts that produced the contempo", "title_raw": "Toward a Cultural Sociology of Immigration Control: A Call for Research:", "abstract_raw": "The criminalization of immigration has garnered a great deal of attention in the United States and abroad. Most research, however, examines the political and legal shifts that produced the contempo..." }, { "paper": "2934962683", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2019", "title": "edward james kolla sovereignty international law and the french revolution", "label": [ "186229450", "55447825" ], "author": [ "2123462067" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Edward James Kolla. Sovereignty, International Law, and the French Revolution.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2886409670", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2019", "title": "when do women speak a comparative analysis of the role of gender in legislative debates", "label": [ "2781440851", "83009810", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2345938907", "2163482618" ], "reference": [ "1480538278", "1547721553", "1970042411", "1975113311", "1979441450", "1990434552", "1993252234", "2007177360", "2008251591", "2008396015", "2028715936", "2047473821", "2051741597", "2054032673", "2062383683", "2087188593", "2089585307", "2099923409", "2114001415", "2139541809", "2141807135", "2150077327", "2152290184", "2154380314", "2158316163", "2161178261", "2463916289", "2568636341", "2782505061", "3126129158" ], "abstract": "do female representatives participate less often in legislative debates and does it matter which topic is debated drawing on the role incongruity theory we hypothesise that women take the parliamentary floor less often because of the gender stereotypes that are likely to guide the behaviour of party representatives such underrepresentation is less likely to be present when debates are dealing with policy areas that can be characterised as feminine by referring to critical mass theory we expect women to participate less in debates if they are members of parties with fewer female representatives the results of an analysis of speechmaking among members of parliament in seven european countries show that female members of parliament are less represented in legislative debates especially when debates deal with topics that can be characterised as masculine furthermore the effect of gender on speechmaking clearly varies across parties however the pattern does not follow the logic derived from critical mass theory instead female members of parliament take the floor less often when they are members of parties with many female representatives", "title_raw": "When Do Women Speak? A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Gender in Legislative Debates:", "abstract_raw": "Do female representatives participate less often in legislative debates, and does it matter which topic is debated? Drawing on the role incongruity theory, we hypothesise that women take the parliamentary floor less often because of the gender stereotypes that are likely to guide the behaviour of party representatives. Such underrepresentation is less likely to be present when debates are dealing with policy areas that can be characterised as feminine. By referring to critical mass theory, we expect women to participate less in debates if they are members of parties with fewer female representatives. The results of an analysis of speechmaking among members of parliament in seven European countries show that female members of parliament are less represented in legislative debates, especially when debates deal with topics that can be characterised as masculine. Furthermore, the effect of gender on speechmaking clearly varies across parties. However, the pattern does not follow the logic derived from critical mass theory. Instead, female members of parliament take the floor less often when they are members of parties with many female representatives." }, { "paper": "2979721958", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2019", "title": "dierk walter colonial violence european empires and the use of force", "label": [ "2776729102", "531593650" ], "author": [ "2583341601" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dierk Walter. Colonial Violence: European Empires and the Use of Force.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2921541665", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2019", "title": "in a first u s private sector employs nearly as many ph d s as schools do", "label": [ "121426985" ], "author": [ "2622963329" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "In a first, U.S. private sector employs nearly as many Ph.D.s as schools do", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2947931962", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2019", "title": "missed opportunities to make pr great again how public relations agencies responded to the trump presidency", "label": [ "160735492", "39549134", "2776742560", "2781243023", "157298493", "94625758", "2779220109" ], "author": [ "2047078973", "2525609202" ], "reference": [ "106639504", "303020954", "596938322", "604523783", "606292377", "623703487", "1590566576", "1600477442", "1969810646", "2000505772", "2001414346", "2026839142", "2032448536", "2056683859", "2072301308", "2081518354", "2103112165", "2142225512", "2162316558", "2165226228", "2165608832", "2166288707", "2171097547", "2184846117", "2290106651", "2340423960", "2471613378", "2475934742", "2506815771", "2513807470", "2576490650", "2786674030", "2795063677", "2908241217", "2911903404", "2918173088", "2964659034", "2971771832", "2995065762", "3000987374", "3011074188", "3014159071", "3110799981", "3178144304" ], "abstract": "abstract this exploratory study examines approaches the world s top public relations agencies used to respond to the risks posed by a new u s administration during president trump s first 100 days in office because the goal of this research was to analyze the public thought leadership of public relations agencies as displayed on their websites not agency client relationships both quantitative and qualitative content analyses were carried out to examine their website content the purpose was to identify whether agencies ethical counsel and leadership were demonstrated and if they were through which approaches and themes public relations agencies discussed the trump victory in a few ways the most popular theme was the columnist blogger critic approach or a personalized reflection of agency staffers on the trump victory the second most popular yet less frequent approach was as pr counsel aimed at providing professional advice to prepare brands for trump s attacks and or take advantages of new opportunities in the trump era the third most popular the expert approach was an in depth analysis of an issue for example health care and a trump presidency s implications this study addresses implications for risk management in the political sphere of public relations the response of the public relations industry as evidenced on agency websites was less than strategic we do not practice what we preach or sell recommendations are offered for an improved response to future challenges based on issues management and ethical leadership", "title_raw": "Missed opportunities to make PR great again: How public relations agencies responded to the Trump Presidency", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This exploratory study examines approaches the world\u2019s top public relations agencies used to respond to the risks posed by a new U.S. administration during President Trump\u2019s first 100 days in office. Because the goal of this research was to analyze the public thought leadership of public relations agencies as displayed on their websites (not agency-client relationships), both quantitative and qualitative content analyses were carried out to examine their website content. The purpose was to identify whether agencies\u2019 ethical counsel and leadership were demonstrated; and, if they were, through which approaches and themes. Public relations agencies discussed the Trump victory in a few ways. The most popular theme was the Columnist/Blogger/Critic approach, or a personalized reflection of agency staffers on the Trump victory. The second most popular--yet less frequent--approach was as PR Counsel, aimed at providing professional advice to prepare brands for Trump\u2019s attacks and/or take advantages of new opportunities in the Trump era. The third most popular \u2013 the Expert approach \u2013 was an in-depth analysis of an issue (for example, health care) and a Trump presidency\u2019s implications. This study addresses implications for risk management in the political sphere of public relations. The response of the public relations industry, as evidenced on agency websites, was less than strategic: We do not practice what we preach (or sell). Recommendations are offered for an improved response to future challenges based on issues management and ethical leadership." }, { "paper": "2948155130", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2019", "title": "making black lives matter properly valuing the rights of the marginalized in constitutional torts", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2948970611" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Making Black Lives Matter: Properly Valuing the Rights of the Marginalized in Constitutional Torts", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2945474263", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2019", "title": "response to paul poast and johannes urpelainen s review of democracy and trade policy in developing countries", "label": [ "555826173", "140413371" ], "author": [ "2945923382" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Response to Paul Poast and Johannes Urpelainen\u2019s review of Democracy and Trade Policy in Developing Countries", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2960950456", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2019", "title": "why some democracy protests do diffuse", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2012771599" ], "reference": [ "1513077896", "1604216458", "1986486185", "1986780829", "2018298021", "2091445573", "2110269002", "2131345842", "2140808588", "2145242215", "2148443044", "2171690315", "2607318648" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Why Some Democracy Protests Do Diffuse", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2990531678", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2019", "title": "science funders gamble on grant lotteries", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2571644275" ], "reference": [ "2969916750" ], "abstract": "a growing number of research agencies are assigning money randomly a growing number of research agencies are assigning money randomly", "title_raw": "Science funders gamble on grant lotteries", "abstract_raw": "A growing number of research agencies are assigning money randomly. A growing number of research agencies are assigning money randomly." }, { "paper": "2986566126", "venue": "49968029", "year": "2019", "title": "the politics of democratizing finance a radical view", "label": [ "94625758", "2776051254", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2108044506" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "how can finance be durably democratized in the centers of financial power in both the united states and the united kingdom proposals now circulate to give workers and the public more say over how", "title_raw": "The Politics of Democratizing Finance: A Radical View*:", "abstract_raw": "How can finance be durably democratized? In the centers of financial power in both the United States and the United Kingdom, proposals now circulate to give workers and the public more say over how..." }, { "paper": "2975455321", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2019", "title": "bridging the gp gap nurse practitioners in china", "label": [ "191935318", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2975938361", "2975906933", "2549096750", "2106691848" ], "reference": [ "2090670669", "2167747417", "2467590157", "2515894657", "2773266137", "2781666118", "2911127771", "2920063560", "2949855882" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Bridging the GP gap: nurse practitioners in China.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2807295817", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2019", "title": "no welfare magnets free movement and cross border welfare in germany and denmark compared", "label": [ "2778554304", "100243477", "129603779" ], "author": [ "2071512213", "2098559132" ], "reference": [ "1973348650", "2005098815", "2024161909", "2058145111", "2080917971", "2095838103", "2107019188", "2108879842", "2157207849", "2170541748", "2289629315", "2469098767", "2522794241", "2597026019", "2605929328", "2625333816", "2729475415", "2784463662", "2808988472", "2809382840", "2888161192", "3124605531" ], "abstract": "a dually open free movement system has evolved in the european union eu granting eu citizens the right to free movement within the union as well as cross border welfare rights some scholarly", "title_raw": "No welfare magnets \u2013 free movement and cross-border welfare in Germany and Denmark compared", "abstract_raw": "A \u2018dually open\u2019 free movement system has evolved in the European Union (EU), granting EU citizens the right to free movement within the Union as well as cross-border welfare rights. Some scholarly ..." }, { "paper": "2913940006", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2019", "title": "does voter polarisation induce party extremism the moderating role of abstention", "label": [ "2776359362", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2914047712", "2945119878" ], "reference": [ "178177854", "614561735", "1484062067", "1504854090", "1569347326", "1585710142", "1594936623", "1847953270", "1925504877", "1952552476", "1964224704", "1977825494", "1980394231", "1985792567", "1999057994", "2001157906", "2004024252", "2009659525", "2012219897", "2018751123", "2019427276", "2033780698", "2034301206", "2034576535", "2042473971", "2043114942", "2045509200", "2053261516", "2068770795", "2074589553", "2079694060", "2080879773", "2083199857", "2083390881", "2099288830", "2103861862", "2112667556", "2115634666", "2120819167", "2127664981", "2133718021", "2134077656", "2134246329", "2135043832", "2139387599", "2140977564", "2141375755", "2146326397", "2152235056", "2155019770", "2157147095", "2161880778", "2163354896", "2167579695", "2175683600", "2299321574", "2318612282", "2504513127", "2579964513", "2619498919", "2793090162", "3121350308", "3122837152", "3124105495", "3144040573" ], "abstract": "this article contributes to the literature on representation by examining how the ideological polarisation of the electorate affects parties programmatic positions in multiparty systems the main argument is that parties face incentives to adopt more extreme positions when the electorate becomes more ideologically polarised and the share of non moderate voters is higher the reason is that by adopting moderate positions parties will prompt their non moderate core constituents to sit out the election this risk is conditioned by voters propensity to abstain a higher lower propensity to abstain means that parties alienate a larger smaller share of their core constituents when adopting a moderate position parties therefore respond to greater voter polarisation by adopting more extreme positions but the effect declines as voters propensity to abstain decreases an empirical analysis of parties programmatic positions in 11 western european countries between 1977 and 2016 strongly supports this expectation", "title_raw": "Does voter polarisation induce party extremism? The moderating role of abstention", "abstract_raw": "This article contributes to the literature on representation by examining how the ideological polarisation of the electorate affects parties\u2019 programmatic positions in multiparty systems. The main argument is that parties face incentives to adopt more extreme positions when the electorate becomes more ideologically polarised and the share of non-moderate voters is higher. The reason is that by adopting moderate positions parties will prompt their non-moderate core constituents to sit out the election. This risk is conditioned by voters\u2019 propensity to abstain. A higher (lower) propensity to abstain means that parties alienate a larger (smaller) share of their core constituents when adopting a moderate position. Parties therefore respond to greater voter polarisation by adopting more extreme positions, but the effect declines as voters\u2019 propensity to abstain decreases. An empirical analysis of parties\u2019 programmatic positions in 11 Western European countries between 1977 and 2016 strongly supports this expectation." }, { "paper": "2912726397", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2019", "title": "plan s overlooked hybrid journal model", "label": [ "2775884135", "41458344", "200288055", "2779304910", "151719136" ], "author": [ "2263431840", "2148866042" ], "reference": [ "2892160779" ], "abstract": "the european commission s recent plan s proposal laudably seeks to make scientific communications more freely available european funders seek to end reign of paywalled journals m enserink in depth 7 september 2018 p 957 1 but the plan is based on misinformation that will likely make publishing more difficult for many scientists plan s eliminates hybrid journals in which authors can pay for open access if they or funding agencies desire but can also select an option for non open access 1 2 plan s provides no justification for this decision 2 3 the president of science europe is quoted in the news story as saying that the hybrid model costs more because the author publication fees come on top of the subscription price hybrid journals do not necessarily require readers to pay for both open access and paywalled papers at research synthesis methods published by wiley we publish approximately 10 non open access articles per issue and a varying number of additional open access articles depending on case mix and availability the number of open access articles is independent of the number of non open access articles the open access articles are available to both subscribers and nonsubscribers at no added cost therefore we believe our model for a hybrid journal is an alternative that should satisfy plan s because the publisher does not obtain monies from both subscribers and authors for open access articles libraries or individuals who have paid subscription fees are obtaining additional free articles when authors pay for open access hybrid journals are an essential element of the scientific ecosystem and they enhance authors ability to disseminate research in top journals plan s would require interdisciplinary journals either to switch to complete open access which would exclude potential authors who do not have funds to pay the open access fees especially young researchers and those from underfunded disciplines or to remain a hybrid journal and forfeit the ability to publish papers from authors whose funding agencies mandate publication in completely open access journals either way increased restrictions on where scientists could publish would reduce academic freedom 1 4 plan s making full and immediate open access a reality science europe www scienceeurope org coalition s 5 2 6 1 m shiltz science without publication paywalls a preamble to coalition s for the realisation of full and immediate open access science europe 2018 www scienceeurope org wp content uploads 2018 09 coalitions preamble pdf 7 i s is a co editor of research synthesis methods c s is a former co editor of research synthesis methods and current president of the society for research synthesis methodology which owns the title to the journal 1 http www sciencemag org content 361 6406 957 2 ref 1 3 ref 2 4 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 5 http www scienceeurope org coalition s 6 xref ref 2 1 view reference 2 in text 7 http www scienceeurope org wp content uploads 2018 09 coalitions preamble pdf", "title_raw": "Plan S: Overlooked hybrid journal model.", "abstract_raw": "The European Commission's recent Plan S proposal laudably seeks to make scientific communications more freely available (\u201cEuropean funders seek to end reign of paywalled journals,\u201d M. Enserink, In Depth, 7 September 2018, p. [957][1]), but the plan is based on misinformation that will likely make publishing more difficult for many scientists. Plan S eliminates hybrid journals, in which authors can pay for open access if they (or funding agencies) desire but can also select an option for non\u2013open access ([ 1 ][2]). Plan S provides no justification for this decision ([ 2 ][3]). The president of Science Europe is quoted in the News story as saying that the hybrid model costs more because \u201cthe author publication fees come on top of the subscription price.\u201d\n\nHybrid journals do not necessarily require readers to pay for both open-access and paywalled papers. At Research Synthesis Methods (published by Wiley), we publish approximately 10 non\u2013open access articles per issue and a varying number of additional open-access articles depending on case mix and availability. The number of open-access articles is independent of the number of non\u2013open access articles. The open-access articles are available to both subscribers and nonsubscribers at no added cost. Therefore, we believe our model for a hybrid journal is an alternative that should satisfy Plan S because the publisher does not obtain monies from both subscribers and authors for open-access articles. Libraries or individuals who have paid subscription fees are obtaining additional free articles when authors pay for open access.\n\nHybrid journals are an essential element of the scientific ecosystem, and they enhance authors' ability to disseminate research in top journals. Plan S would require interdisciplinary journals either to switch to complete open access, which would exclude potential authors who do not have funds to pay the open-access fees (especially young researchers and those from underfunded disciplines), or to remain a hybrid journal and forfeit the ability to publish papers from authors whose funding agencies mandate publication in completely open-access journals. Either way, increased restrictions on where scientists could publish would reduce academic freedom.\n\n1. [\u21b5][4]\u201cPlan S: Making full and immediate Open Access a reality,\u201d Science Europe ([www.scienceeurope.org/coalition-s][5]).\n \n\n2. [\u21b5][6]1. M. Shiltz\n , \u201cScience without publication paywalls a preamble to: cOAlition S for the realisation of full and immediate open access,\u201d Science Europe (2018); [www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_Preamble.pdf][7].\n \n\nI.S. is a co-editor of Research Synthesis Methods. C.S. is a former co-editor of Research Synthesis Methods and current president of the Society for Research Synthesis Methodology, which owns the title to the journal.\n\n [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/361/6406/957\n [2]: #ref-1\n [3]: #ref-2\n [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1 in text\"\n [5]: http://www.scienceeurope.org/coalition-s\n [6]: #xref-ref-2-1 \"View reference 2 in text\"\n [7]: http://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_Preamble.pdf" }, { "paper": "2989749222", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2019", "title": "america first and the populist impact on us foreign policy", "label": [ "93377909", "135121143", "2775995803" ], "author": [ "259974298" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "trump s foreign policy does not spell the end of the liberal international order but does challenge the notion that liberal hegemony lacks a legitimate alternative", "title_raw": "America First and the Populist Impact on US Foreign Policy", "abstract_raw": "Trump's foreign policy does not spell the end of the liberal international order but does challenge the notion that liberal hegemony lacks a legitimate alternative." }, { "paper": "2948559630", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2019", "title": "austerity and mortality in spain the perils of overcorrecting an analytic mistake", "label": [ "69828861", "2777179996" ], "author": [ "2104776882" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Austerity and Mortality in Spain: The Perils of Overcorrecting an Analytic Mistake", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2949071449", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2019", "title": "do officer involved shootings reduce citizen contact with government", "label": [ "3116431", "148834064", "2776729102", "2777189325" ], "author": [ "2951221394", "2949642490", "2952993491", "2958634300", "2123527371", "2097487865", "2154590107" ], "reference": [ "1133617028", "1996272633", "2035326933", "2064849252", "2090482080", "2114345245", "2140039076", "2318335864", "2562818050", "2567711575", "2605815441", "2773280584", "2782607670", "2790382729", "2799866987" ], "abstract": "police use of force bears on central matters of political science including equality of citizen treatment by government in light of recent high profile officer involved shootings ois that resul", "title_raw": "Do Officer-Involved Shootings Reduce Citizen Contact with Government?", "abstract_raw": "Police use of force bears on central matters of political science, including equality of citizen treatment by government. In light of recent high-profile officer-involved shootings (OIS) that resul..." }, { "paper": "2955558034", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2019", "title": "south korea at the crossroads autonomy and alliance in an era of rival powers", "label": [ "65414064", "2778431023" ], "author": [ "2800777993" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "South Korea at the crossroads: autonomy and alliance in an era of rival powers", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2767232204", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2019", "title": "hoist on their own petards the reinvention and collapse of authoritarian successor parties", "label": [ "68346564", "94625758", "555826173", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2611746325" ], "reference": [ "591499062", "892899000", "1005908163", "1978741514", "1989387719", "1991983094", "2054760853", "2057793388", "2064611189", "2070424625", "2078012617", "2112044344", "2125534720", "2139894257", "2166749687", "2322015594", "2326323283", "2737504155", "2739508701", "2940025620" ], "abstract": "what happens to authoritarian ruling parties when they accept democracy and reinvent their organizations symbols and programs to comply with the norms of free political competition the consequen", "title_raw": "Hoist on their own petards? The reinvention and collapse of authoritarian successor parties", "abstract_raw": "What happens to authoritarian ruling parties when they accept democracy and reinvent their organizations, symbols, and programs to comply with the norms of free political competition? The consequen..." }, { "paper": "2933210225", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2019", "title": "branding in policy translation how the dutch delta approach became an international brand", "label": [ "158154518", "2776731479" ], "author": [ "2910879337", "2107085057" ], "reference": [ "7979981", "1491078010", "1870481733", "2036261814", "2036937319", "2039426384", "2039480251", "2041534331", "2067330081", "2068061804", "2073831590", "2084384840", "2085243971", "2109490096", "2130330342", "2147232688", "2155773234", "2209485201", "2314489454", "2335632608", "2460967010", "2518661958", "2555073519", "2557664744", "2559988873", "2749656864", "2754507631", "2797217915" ], "abstract": "abstract this article explains the rise of the dutch delta approach dda as the dutch trade mark for exporting knowledge about adaptive delta management we consider policy branding a specific tool for policy translation that can enhance our understanding of how policy is mobilised for international application using the concepts of policy translation and branding we analyse and explain the translation of the original dutch policy regarding delta management and its mobilisation for an international audience we reconstruct how the dda became the basis for an international policy brand and conclude that a strong brand was created because of a strong national network of stakeholders sufficient resources and the confluence of various developments that contributed to the perceived importance of developing such a brand however contrary to what the branding literature suggests international application is ad hoc rather than the result of a keen strategy the way the dda is applied shows many pragmatic strategies in which the brand is used as discursive camouflage or to legitimate cherry picking and opportunistic reframing as a result durable impact of the dda brand is vulnerable due to weak brand maintenance our findings demonstrate the relevance of branding for studying policy transfer process", "title_raw": "Branding in policy translation: How the Dutch Delta approach became an international brand", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This article explains the rise of the Dutch Delta Approach (DDA) as the Dutch trade-mark for exporting knowledge about adaptive delta management. We consider policy branding a specific tool for policy translation that can enhance our understanding of how policy is mobilised for international application. Using the concepts of policy translation and branding, we analyse and explain the translation of the original Dutch policy regarding delta management and its mobilisation for an international audience. We reconstruct how the DDA became the basis for an international policy brand and conclude that a strong brand was created because of a strong national network of stakeholders, sufficient resources, and the confluence of various developments that contributed to the perceived importance of developing such a brand. However, contrary to what the branding literature suggests, international application is ad hoc rather than the result of a keen strategy. The way the DDA is applied shows many pragmatic strategies in which the brand is used as discursive camouflage or to legitimate cherry picking and opportunistic reframing. As a result, durable impact of the DDA brand is vulnerable due to weak brand maintenance. Our findings demonstrate the relevance of branding for studying policy transfer process." }, { "paper": "2962899796", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2019", "title": "political pioneer of the press ida b wells barnett and her transnational crusade for social justice", "label": [ "2778061430", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2293032216" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Pioneer of the Press: Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Her Transnational Crusade for Social Justice", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2947662090", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2019", "title": "reviewing european union accession unexpected results spillover effects and externalities", "label": [ "3020650785" ], "author": [ "1861046061" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this edited collection brings together 17 chapters on the european union s eu relations with central and eastern european cee countries and russia the spillover effects unexpected results and", "title_raw": "Reviewing European Union Accession. Unexpected Results, Spillover Effects, and Externalities", "abstract_raw": "This edited collection brings together 17 chapters on the European Union's (EU) relations with Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries and Russia. The spillover effects, unexpected results and..." }, { "paper": "2903556139", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2019", "title": "california s senate bill 277 local health jurisdictions experiences with the elimination of nonmedical vaccine exemptions", "label": [ "71745522", "2779473830", "140696310", "83009810", "28858896" ], "author": [ "2727078026", "806616512", "2795345166", "3173651943", "3206986241", "3175031526" ], "reference": [ "2000235230", "2067682356", "2089846961", "2119819714", "2301968465", "2332523889", "2410272929", "2744069330", "2751298808", "2804604988" ], "abstract": "objectives to understand the experiences of local health jurisdictions with senate bill 277 sb277 the california law that eliminated nonmedical vaccine exemptions for public and private school entry methods we conducted semistructured telephone interviews with health officers and local health department lhd staff in california between august and september 2017 results two overall themes emerged 1 vague legislative and regulatory language led to variation in the interpretation and implementation of sb277 and 2 lack of centralized review of medical exemptions allowed medical exemptions that are not consistent with valid contraindications for immunizations to be accepted variation in the interpretation and implementation was commonly reported with provisions related to individualized education programs and special education and independent study programs and homeschooling without a centralized review of medical exemption requests respondents reported variation in the interpretation of which specialties of physicians can write medical exemptions which conditions constitute a valid contraindication for immunization and the process for reporting a questionable or suspicious medical exemption conclusions the regulatory language within sb277 led to variation in how the law was interpreted and implemented within and across lhd jurisdictions and school districts", "title_raw": "California\u2019s Senate Bill 277: Local Health Jurisdictions\u2019 Experiences With the Elimination of Nonmedical Vaccine Exemptions", "abstract_raw": "Objectives. To understand the experiences of local health jurisdictions with Senate Bill 277 (SB277), the California law that eliminated nonmedical vaccine exemptions for public- and private-school entry.Methods. We conducted semistructured telephone interviews with health officers and local health department (LHD) staff in California between August and September 2017.Results. Two overall themes emerged: (1) vague legislative and regulatory language led to variation in the interpretation and implementation of SB277, and (2) lack of centralized review of medical exemptions allowed medical exemptions that are not consistent with valid contraindications for immunizations to be accepted. Variation in the interpretation and implementation was commonly reported with provisions related to individualized education programs and special education, and independent study programs and homeschooling. Without a centralized review of medical exemption requests, respondents reported variation in the interpretation of which specialties of physicians can write medical exemptions, which conditions constitute a valid contraindication for immunization, and the process for reporting a questionable or suspicious medical exemption.Conclusions. The regulatory language within SB277 led to variation in how the law was interpreted and implemented within and across LHD jurisdictions and school districts." }, { "paper": "2892228308", "venue": "9731383", "year": "2019", "title": "lost in translation how legacy limits the oecd in promoting new policy mixes for sustainability transitions", "label": [ "94625758", "39549134", "2776545233" ], "author": [ "2891941149" ], "reference": [ "50249242", "175658027", "196041512", "277117220", "637821389", "657606605", "1134140799", "1516534262", "1520605563", "1553746973", "1644932108", "1966192479", "1968942643", "1969457752", "1970374985", "1972629790", "1980676196", "1989945618", "1993995849", "1995434150", "2003504714", "2011118915", "2016807103", "2030753430", "2032701958", "2036219106", "2041145756", "2046832429", "2050765165", "2056330418", "2070488366", "2082088739", "2093942493", "2099330597", "2100029336", "2103454909", "2106068835", "2107181104", "2113258979", "2113991966", "2117275101", "2122963205", "2123308448", "2127454860", "2129862350", "2133949261", "2134317867", "2137493322", "2147953386", "2158317459", "2158802398", "2187447037", "2204133637", "2301360772", "2363378650", "2475101340", "2510245504", "2515816050", "2519388072", "2754241140", "2763337331", "2764436181", "2794482579", "2889003232", "2901466621", "2921123368", "3003033165", "3121407539", "3122254894", "3188708740" ], "abstract": "abstract the oecd has a strong legacy in shaping innovation policy mixes the purpose of this paper is therefore to provide a better understanding of how the oecd is currently shaping new policy mixes for sustainability transitions it provides a detailed account of the uptake of system innovation thinking a key concept in transition studies at the oecd it takes an ethnographic approach combining desk research with participant observation allowing to study discourse in the making the paper traces the different translation and inscription strategies pursued it finds that despite purposeful efforts system innovation has not been institutionalised in the core activities of the organisation thus can be considered lost in translation it concludes that legacy effects created a number of sticking points that can be categorised under three main categories 1 institutional arising from previous ways of working 2 cognitive arising from ways of framing and knowing and 3 political arising from pre existing power relations suggestions are made for both innovation policy academics and practitioners interested in promoting a transformative innovation agenda", "title_raw": "Lost in translation: How legacy limits the OECD in promoting new policy mixes for sustainability transitions", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The OECD has a strong legacy in shaping innovation policy mixes. The purpose of this paper is therefore to provide a better understanding of how the OECD is currently shaping new policy mixes for sustainability transitions. It provides a detailed account of the uptake of system innovation thinking, a key concept in transition studies, at the OECD. It takes an ethnographic approach combining desk research with participant observation, allowing to study \u2018discourse in the making\u2019. The paper traces the different translation and inscription strategies pursued. It finds that despite purposeful efforts, system innovation has not been institutionalised in the core activities of the organisation, thus can be considered \u2018lost in translation\u2019. It concludes that legacy effects created a number of sticking points that can be categorised under three main categories: (1) institutional, arising from previous ways of working; (2) cognitive, arising from ways of framing and knowing and (3) political, arising from pre-existing power relations. Suggestions are made for both innovation policy academics and practitioners interested in promoting a transformative innovation agenda." }, { "paper": "2943692599", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2019", "title": "social accountability and institutional change the case of citizen oversight of police", "label": [ "3116431", "2777632292", "2778521920" ], "author": [ "2757922216", "2427834031" ], "reference": [ "1516902184", "1528427121", "1541430913", "1945324297", "1964015953", "1992867839", "1995403978", "1996272633", "2014227060", "2031061004", "2087129576", "2095104365", "2097088643", "2147879213", "2301525170", "2344348057", "2471506011", "2495679578", "2532338330", "2561287051", "2587586470", "2587868309", "2591585534", "2593939748", "2755982337", "2767626016", "2768045816", "2799906640", "2897301633", "3086465412", "3121700909", "3121818588" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Social Accountability and Institutional Change: The Case of Citizen Oversight of Police", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2907044540", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2019", "title": "the rise and fall of american hegemony from wilson to trump", "label": [ "135121143" ], "author": [ "2474718527" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The rise and fall of American hegemony from Wilson to Trump", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2907847208", "venue": "90857023", "year": "2019", "title": "book review why control immigration strategic uses of migration management in russia", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "2582534819" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Why Control Immigration? Strategic Uses of Migration Management in Russia:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2612762216", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2019", "title": "participative leadership and organizational identification in smes in the mena region testing the roles of csr perceptions and pride in membership", "label": [ "3651065", "39549134", "119232533", "2777153609", "141261163", "2779728303" ], "author": [ "2598407211", "2112536570", "2152938373" ], "reference": [ "38260777", "90970949", "145399515", "191761033", "354829674", "571370373", "575246514", "617183214", "639309468", "1533890611", "1556573511", "1565236575", "1574485981", "1613338714", "1640894779", "1665332082", "1799750435", "1964218847", "1967514315", "1970550905", "1971410477", "1974773993", "1977489717", "1977806867", "1978286639", "1981463272", "1982177180", "1983749491", "1987258130", "1988551737", "1988578556", "1989369700", "1991892109", "1995945562", "1997473178", "1998369614", "1998751590", "2006763260", "2006896407", "2009260120", "2009650197", "2010631631", "2011610487", "2011841350", "2012934536", "2017288619", "2017756407", "2022456499", "2024509488", "2032409805", "2034067661", "2035633158", "2036127806", "2036149274", "2038104211", "2039093144", "2044295466", "2045910044", "2045980151", "2046839404", "2047113264", "2051640911", "2053291579", "2053498405", "2061390699", "2063819095", "2065933740", "2070982859", "2071666535", "2073108432", "2073874777", "2077890324", "2079325116", "2080972365", "2081229662", "2082014614", "2092992662", "2095258229", "2097562553", "2098083531", "2102973456", "2103784770", "2104057213", "2104282106", "2106096361", "2115426767", "2116183418", "2120924380", "2122912498", "2128264241", "2128614305", "2130429542", "2130904754", "2133272236", "2137204378", "2142821253", "2143027262", "2143610526", "2143692169", "2144046643", "2145533370", "2146449293", "2150130568", "2150957793", "2153646537", "2153857756", "2155942740", "2157020656", "2157234241", "2157840266", "2158394223", "2160376933", "2164406837", "2166730960", "2168014017", "2168090696", "2172225737", "2183886606", "2187333387", "2199003677", "2213945440", "2243812536", "2320428814", "2407979350", "2408715622", "2485117341", "2503281504", "2804296482", "2804340247", "2900927010", "2994911120", "3021949439", "3122771599", "3123695382", "3123926609", "3125680169", "3126136584", "3201848105" ], "abstract": "the aim of this research is to explore the process linking participative leadership to organizational identification the study examines the relationship between participative leadership and internal csr perceptions of employees and also investigates the role that pride in membership plays in the affiliation of csr perceptions with organizational identification by studying these relationships the paper aspires to contemplate new presumed mediators in the association of participative leadership with organizational identification as well as determine a possible novel antecedent of employee csr perceptions empirical evidence is provided from data that was collected through a survey distributed to employees working for small and medium sized enterprises in three countries in the middle east and north africa regions particularly the united arab emirates lebanon and tunisia findings show that participative leadership leads to positive internal csr perceptions of employees and that these csr perceptions lead to pride in membership which in turn results in organizational identification implications of these findings are also discussed", "title_raw": "Participative leadership and organizational identification in SMEs in the MENA Region: testing the roles of CSR perceptions and pride in membership", "abstract_raw": "The aim of this research is to explore the process linking participative leadership to organizational identification. The study examines the relationship between participative leadership and internal CSR perceptions of employees and also investigates the role that pride in membership plays in the affiliation of CSR perceptions with organizational identification. By studying these relationships, the paper aspires to contemplate new presumed mediators in the association of participative leadership with organizational identification as well as determine a possible novel antecedent of employee CSR perceptions. Empirical evidence is provided from data that was collected through a survey distributed to employees working for small- and medium-sized enterprises in three countries in the Middle East and North Africa regions, particularly the United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, and Tunisia. Findings show that participative leadership leads to positive internal CSR perceptions of employees and that these CSR perceptions lead to pride in membership which, in turn, results in organizational identification. Implications of these findings are also discussed." }, { "paper": "2908950871", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2019", "title": "foreground liberalism background nationalism a discursive institutionalist account of eu leverage and democratic backsliding in east central europe", "label": [ "547727832", "23381644", "2777606202", "555826173", "521449643", "2776503585", "17058734" ], "author": [ "2717285714", "2118762800" ], "reference": [ "1523532916", "1561018600", "1586085455", "1965997591", "1968743645", "1985976588", "1999349626", "2002179971", "2003871170", "2013911906", "2043575190", "2044825304", "2063574286", "2084943180", "2091839741", "2097780461", "2099593310", "2100610725", "2101254438", "2135692140", "2147111138", "2156252733", "2156290934", "2157863915", "2164186827", "2170798589", "2230261230", "2294611354", "2296297756", "2306215507", "2310417374", "2320286024", "2336133900", "2341768671", "2345795500", "2463875754", "2475437514", "2507362568", "2571260595", "2586715980", "3124741155" ], "abstract": "this article argues for a fresh approach to debates on democratic backsliding and european union eu influence in east central europe ece drawing on the discursive institutionalism of vivien schmidt underlying assumptions about backsliding in cee largely reflect a set of ideas derived from the rational institutionalist and historical institutionalist schools moreover the same theoretical assumptions were previously deployed to explain the apparent success of democratization and eu leverage in cee a discursive institutionalism perspective stressing the role of actors and their discourses in making and unmaking institutions suggests that democracy in cee was always less secure than assumed it also highlights the key role of liberal mainstream parties in embodying democratic institutions case studies of the liberal centre right in bulgaria and social democrats in the czech republic highlight the way background ideas of ethnically exclusive titular states have increasingly impinged on foreground ideas of liberal pluralism", "title_raw": "Foreground Liberalism, Background Nationalism: A Discursive\u2010institutionalist Account of EU Leverage and \u2018Democratic Backsliding\u2019 in East Central Europe", "abstract_raw": "This article argues for a fresh approach to debates on democratic backsliding and European Union (EU) influence in East Central Europe (ECE), drawing on the discursive institutionalism of Vivien Schmidt. Underlying assumptions about backsliding in CEE largely reflect a set of ideas derived from the rational institutionalist and historical institutionalist schools. Moreover, the same theoretical assumptions were previously deployed to explain the apparent success of democratization and EU leverage in CEE. A discursive institutionalism perspective, stressing the role of actors and their discourses in making and unmaking institutions, suggests that democracy in CEE was always less secure than assumed. It also highlights the key role of liberal mainstream parties in embodying democratic institutions. Case studies of the liberal centre\u2010right in Bulgaria and social democrats in the Czech Republic highlight the way background ideas of ethnically exclusive titular states have increasingly impinged on foreground ideas of liberal pluralism." }, { "paper": "2913412152", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2019", "title": "response to steven k vogel s review of liberalism in illiberal states ideas and economic adjustment in contemporary europe", "label": [ "547727832" ], "author": [ "2142745626" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Response to Steven K. Vogel\u2019s review of Liberalism in Illiberal States: Ideas and Economic Adjustment in Contemporary Europe", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2939629893", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2019", "title": "exploring the influence of scientific journal ranking on publication performance in the hungarian social sciences the case of law and economics", "label": [ "2777617010", "2779455604", "451841", "2778447678", "2779693592", "83867959" ], "author": [ "2736295284", "199950718", "2776534035" ], "reference": [ "2232408", "1579783522", "1725120370", "1884724639", "1976436739", "1978805142", "1984250866", "1985103817", "2030066777", "2052701635", "2085811174", "2091374875", "2097908188", "2118004930", "2127665619", "2147002372", "2249348384", "2289886543", "2330278911", "2475049955", "2487605689", "2604912110", "2607149735", "2624645242", "2748608565", "2751287877", "2788842967", "2969620940" ], "abstract": "using a case study of the economic and law department of the hungarian academy of sciences we find that domestic rankings greatly distort researchers publication preferences this finding is contrary to the importance of international journal rankings such as the scopus scimago journal ranking or the web of science impact factor we found inconsistencies between international and domestic standards and differences between the eight committees of the academic department based on an exploratory empirical analysis of 4213 journals spanning eight different scientific committees of social science areas business law demography sociology regional studies world economics military science and political science we prove that a key reason for hungary s decreasing rank in international visibility is the inconsistently strong bias for domestic journals we show that inconsistency of ranking fairness determines the behavior of researchers this motivational effect is especially important in small countries in which local relevance often offsets the importance of mainstream international discourses this problem is attenuated with the digital transformation of science online repositories indexing systems and online visibility have become key enablers of evidence based assessments of publication performance", "title_raw": "Exploring the influence of scientific journal ranking on publication performance in the Hungarian social sciences: the case of law and economics", "abstract_raw": "Using a case study of the Economic and Law Department of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, we find that domestic rankings greatly distort researchers\u2019 publication preferences. This finding is contrary to the importance of international journal rankings, such as the SCOPUS Scimago journal ranking or the Web of Science Impact Factor. We found inconsistencies between international and domestic standards and differences between the eight committees of the academic department. Based on an exploratory empirical analysis of 4213 journals spanning eight different scientific committees of social science areas (business, law, demography, sociology, regional studies, world economics, military science and political science), we prove that a key reason for Hungary\u2019s decreasing rank in international visibility is the inconsistently strong bias for domestic journals. We show that inconsistency of ranking fairness determines the behavior of researchers; this motivational effect is especially important in small countries in which local relevance often offsets the importance of mainstream international discourses. This problem is attenuated with the digital transformation of science; online repositories, indexing systems and online visibility have become key enablers of evidence-based assessments of publication performance." }, { "paper": "2888007462", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2019", "title": "more business as usual explaining business bias across issues and institutions in the european union", "label": [ "2778521920", "2781440851" ], "author": [ "1959688554", "2194688741" ], "reference": [ "601289779", "1552466412", "1568455073", "1599520369", "1839346255", "1938715047", "1964759636", "1973207244", "1993018640", "1998095444", "2000689697", "2002316709", "2018727505", "2031564316", "2032228748", "2035219727", "2058896402", "2067881960", "2083299351", "2090255830", "2091010553", "2091902017", "2092846050", "2100370123", "2128984181", "2159585853", "2164996038", "2166424820", "2177960837", "2343701658", "2344902838", "2514985016", "2581304108", "2605605581", "2627011270", "2755474721", "2895562129", "2900871413" ], "abstract": "business interest groups numerically dominate the european union eu interest group communities however scholars note that the relative proportion of business interests varies by either the institutional venue or the policy issue exchange theoretical approaches emphasize the distinct informational needs of policy makers at different venues hereby favoring business actors to a varying degree other scholars emphasize the importance of conflict and argue that containment or expansion of conflict on concrete policy issues shapes the relative presence of business interest representatives we simultaneously test both hypotheses comparing interest group activities on seventy issues observed in the european parliament the european commission and in the eu media we find little differences between the eu venues in terms of the interests represented rather the salience and scope of issues seem more important denominators for variation in business lobby activity", "title_raw": "More business as usual? Explaining business bias across issues and institutions in the European Union", "abstract_raw": "Business interest groups numerically dominate the European Union (EU) interest group communities. However, scholars note that the relative proportion of business interests varies by either the institutional venue or the policy issue. Exchange-theoretical approaches emphasize the distinct informational needs of policy-makers at different venues, hereby favoring business actors to a varying degree. Other scholars emphasize the importance of conflict and argue that containment or expansion of conflict on concrete policy issues shapes the relative presence of business interest representatives. We simultaneously test both hypotheses comparing interest group activities on seventy issues observed in the European Parliament, the European Commission and in the EU media. We find little differences between the EU venues in terms of the interests represented. Rather, the salience and scope of issues seem more important denominators for variation in business lobby activity." }, { "paper": "2914474425", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2019", "title": "strategic ballot removal an unexplored form of electoral manipulation in hybrid regimes", "label": [ "2777094542" ], "author": [ "2899595248" ], "reference": [ "2001302383", "2003263206", "2003658899", "2013241918", "2013958789", "2036365749", "2037786765", "2061608912", "2066511003", "2080360912", "2089113558", "2101286313", "2120444718", "2148385623", "2148914920", "2157383663", "2159908022", "2166556770", "2243220957", "2264769561", "2296297756", "2390338695", "2616283410", "2618102231", "2751268883" ], "abstract": "the literatures on electoral manipulation and rejected ballots have yet to engage one another in a compelling manner this article provides the theoretical foundations for rejected ballots as elect", "title_raw": "Strategic ballot removal: an unexplored form of electoral manipulation in hybrid regimes", "abstract_raw": "The literatures on electoral manipulation and rejected ballots have yet to engage one another in a compelling manner. This article provides the theoretical foundations for rejected ballots as elect..." }, { "paper": "2960390754", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2019", "title": "english proficiency and trust networks among undocumented mexican migrants", "label": [ "178895491", "70036468", "68062652" ], "author": [ "2583795652" ], "reference": [ "1973022224", "1999037721", "2029265458", "2050411200", "2100962642", "2109469951", "2136033511", "2140410656", "2165060806", "2294663883", "2474283752", "2766734571", "2899191734", "3125484121" ], "abstract": "this study explores whether being a member of a migration trust network mtn social structures that immigrants create to manage the challenges of undocumented status affects the acquisition of en", "title_raw": "English Proficiency and Trust Networks among Undocumented Mexican Migrants", "abstract_raw": "This study explores whether being a member of a migration-trust network (MTN; social structures that immigrants create to manage the challenges of undocumented status) affects the acquisition of En..." }, { "paper": "2907781731", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2019", "title": "proceedings of the national academy of sciences its evolution and adaptation", "label": [ "151719136", "2776312699", "41458344" ], "author": [ "82236339" ], "reference": [ "601697430", "2104846587", "2777242594", "2902764782" ], "abstract": "with more than 8 500 journals publishing content deemed worthy of inclusion in science citation index expanded the launch of a new journal is not necessarily noteworthy in fact the proliferation of open access journals has become problematic if in no other way than by filling email inboxes of scientists with invitations to join editorial boards of journals having little or no connection to their expertise as an entomologist i have been invited to submit to or serve on the boards of journals ranging in focus from electrochemistry to bone marrow research for reasons that are not readily apparent there are journals however whose creation has had profound and lasting impacts on science and society one such journal is the proceedings of the national academy of sciences pnas first published on january 15 1915 104 years ago may r berenbaum by the time pnas was launched the national academy of sciences had existed as a scientific society for more than a half century the idea for a journal began to gain traction with the approach of the 1913 academy semicentennial an occasion for the membership to rethink the academy s role in american science as george ellery hale a brilliant and energetic astronomer elected to the nas in 1902 at the age of 33 wrote in 1912 the chief advantage of this celebration will not be accomplished unless it marks the beginning of a new epoch in the history of the academy 1 hale was a forceful advocate for three specific ideas writing letters and publishing articles to make his case to enlarge the membership particularly with younger men to construct a building as a permanent home for the society and to publish a new academy proceedings for the first announcement of discoveries and of the more important contributions for research 1", "title_raw": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences-Its evolution and adaptation.", "abstract_raw": "With more than 8,500 journals publishing content deemed worthy of inclusion in Science Citation Index Expanded , the launch of a new journal is not necessarily noteworthy. In fact, the proliferation of open access journals has become problematic, if in no other way than by filling email inboxes of scientists with invitations to join editorial boards of journals having little or no connection to their expertise. As an entomologist, I have been invited to submit to or serve on the boards of journals ranging in focus from electrochemistry to bone marrow research for reasons that are not readily apparent. There are journals, however, whose creation has had profound and lasting impacts on science and society; one such journal is the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), first published on January 15, 1915, 104 years ago.\n\n\n\nMay R. Berenbaum.\n\n\n\nBy the time PNAS was launched, the National Academy of Sciences had existed as a scientific society for more than a half-century. The idea for a journal began to gain traction with the approach of the 1913 Academy semicentennial, an occasion for the membership to rethink the Academy\u2019s role in American science. As George Ellery Hale, a brilliant and energetic astronomer elected to the NAS in 1902 at the age of 33, wrote in 1912, \u201cThe chief advantage of this celebration will not be accomplished unless it marks the beginning of a new epoch in the history of the Academy\u201d (1). Hale was a forceful advocate for three specific ideas, writing letters and publishing articles to make his case: to enlarge the membership (particularly with \u201cyounger men\u201d), to construct a building as a permanent home for the society, and to publish a new Academy Proceedings \u201cfor the first announcement of discoveries and of the more important contributions for research\u201d (1 \u2026" }, { "paper": "2965803673", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2019", "title": "no one is immune alaska s scientists despair over plan to shrink state universities", "label": [ "3116431", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2478736883" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the university of alaska s governing board plans to consolidate campuses to cope with a 40 cut in state funding the university of alaska s governing board plans to consolidate campuses to cope with a 40 cut in state funding", "title_raw": "'No one is immune': Alaska's scientists despair over plan to shrink state universities.", "abstract_raw": "The University of Alaska\u2019s governing board plans to consolidate campuses to cope with a 40% cut in state funding. The University of Alaska's governing board plans to consolidate campuses to cope with a 40% cut in state funding." }, { "paper": "2944910491", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2019", "title": "china s curious nonchalance towards the indo pacific", "label": [ "191935318", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2945312276" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "china s relaxed attitude derives in part from its assessment that it overreacted to the obama administration s rebalance to asia", "title_raw": "China\u2019s Curious Nonchalance Towards the Indo-Pacific", "abstract_raw": "China\u2019s relaxed attitude derives in part from its assessment that it overreacted to the Obama administration\u2019s \u2018rebalance\u2019 to Asia." }, { "paper": "2885628871", "venue": "167854760", "year": "2019", "title": "ecotourism after nature anthropocene tourism as a new capitalist fix", "label": [ "2780151343", "18918823", "68151297", "151807755", "29985473", "514928085" ], "author": [ "2516966569" ], "reference": [ "135358865", "346211078", "566715146", "610118591", "616667301", "1429488990", "1523031435", "1524077272", "1525874641", "1547237219", "1561563831", "1581878834", "1599340037", "1841368499", "1933539004", "1973357913", "1982552188", "2005307596", "2019461361", "2035055026", "2036691115", "2044851489", "2046129599", "2050961699", "2058329721", "2071264490", "2080839253", "2081641428", "2088850901", "2098617139", "2108799600", "2113319420", "2116711056", "2118497945", "2125626160", "2127334781", "2132210950", "2148869632", "2150213402", "2152600059", "2156425824", "2157211983", "2166174074", "2167686900", "2168343703", "2171848356", "2200804154", "2252426028", "2260288481", "2262817785", "2317102719", "2326459622", "2339305370", "2399708786", "2400305477", "2481538024", "2489353703", "2490996775", "2495549574", "2550981489", "2593901133", "2615893389", "2620009737", "2724327356", "2775796249", "2792598207", "2890201954", "2971143727", "2999826040", "3004047257" ], "abstract": "how does ecotourism conventionally characterized by its pursuit of a natural experience confront assertions that nature is over attendant to growing promotion of the anthropocene one inc", "title_raw": "Ecotourism after nature: Anthropocene tourism as a new capitalist \u201cfix\u201d", "abstract_raw": "How does ecotourism \u2013 conventionally characterized by its pursuit of a \u201cnatural\u201d experience \u2013 confront assertions that \u201cnature is over\u201d attendant to growing promotion of the \u201cAnthropocene\u201d? One inc..." }, { "paper": "2912681376", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2019", "title": "what is the lancet doing about gender and diversity", "label": [ "2781316041", "125209646", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2474011629", "2103291230" ], "reference": [ "2289548208", "2568515734", "2745605347", "2755582334", "2771720902", "2782744855", "2802264281", "2809835238", "2810449958", "2810762167", "2892287951", "2912641884", "2913543586" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "What is The Lancet doing about gender and diversity", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2942950104", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2019", "title": "exclusive uk to open first body farm for forensic research", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2571644275" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "sites that allow the study of human remains have long existed in the united states and have started to appear recently in other countries sites that allow the study of human remains have long existed in the united states and have started to appear recently in other countries", "title_raw": "EXCLUSIVE: UK to open first \u2018body farm\u2019 for forensic research", "abstract_raw": "Sites that allow the study of human remains have long existed in the United States and have started to appear recently in other countries. Sites that allow the study of human remains have long existed in the United States and have started to appear recently in other countries." }, { "paper": "2996530965", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2019", "title": "nih director pledges action on harassment after report", "label": [ "2776811425", "2777866547", "199539241", "2778976716" ], "author": [ "2050078013" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in a widely anticipated report an advisory group last week issued sweeping recommendations for cracking down on sexual harassment in labs funded by the national institutes of health nih director francis collins said the agency is already acting on some recommendations it will soon release a procedure it will follow when it receives an allegation of sexual misconduct and it has set up a phone and web hotline for complaints but collins said nih may need to go through a formal policymaking process to take other steps the report recommended such as requiring institutions to report sexual harassment findings to the agency", "title_raw": "NIH director pledges action on harassment after report", "abstract_raw": "In a widely anticipated report, an advisory group last week issued sweeping recommendations for cracking down on sexual harassment in labs funded by the National Institutes of Health. NIH Director Francis Collins said the agency is already acting on some recommendations. It will soon release a procedure it will follow when it receives an allegation of sexual misconduct, and it has set up a phone and web hotline for complaints. But Collins said NIH may need to go through a formal policymaking process to take other steps the report recommended, such as requiring institutions to report sexual harassment findings to the agency." }, { "paper": "2973050965", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2019", "title": "italy political developments and data in 2018", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "151842408", "2026323047" ], "reference": [ "2885086762", "2892254417" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Italy: Political Developments and Data in 2018", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2900200124", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2019", "title": "crossing boundaries for intergovernmental management by robert agranoff", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2602459634" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Crossing Boundaries for Intergovernmental Management, by Robert Agranoff", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2899946143", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2019", "title": "the 2016 election like 1888 but not 1876 or 2000", "label": [ "2777897930", "2776129789", "2779220109", "197487636", "2780849931" ], "author": [ "1932613894", "2253255218", "1736865255" ], "reference": [ "46993728", "1729957934", "1989662298", "2002688448", "2063924907", "2085212867", "2152978068" ], "abstract": "donald j trump won the 2016 us presidential election with fewer popular votes than hillary r clinton this is the fourth time this has happened the others being 1876 1888 and 2000 in earlier work we analyzed these elections and others and showed how the electoral winner can often depend on the size of the us house of representatives this work was inspired by neubauer and zeitlin 2003 721 5 in their paper outcomes of presidential elections and the house size a sufficiently larger house would have given electoral victories to the popular vote winner in both 1876 and 2000 an exception is the election of 1888 we show that trump s victory in 2016 is like harrison s in 1888 and unlike hayes s in 1876 and bush s in 2000 this article updates our previous work to include the 2016 election it also draws attention to some of the anomalous behavior that can arise under the electoral college", "title_raw": "The 2016 Election: Like 1888 but not 1876 or 2000", "abstract_raw": "Donald J. Trump won the 2016 US presidential election with fewer popular votes than Hillary R. Clinton. This is the fourth time this has happened, the others being 1876, 1888, and 2000. In earlier work, we analyzed these elections (and others) and showed how the electoral winner can often depend on the size of the US House of Representatives. This work was inspired by Neubauer and Zeitlin (2003, 721\u20135) in their paper, \u201cOutcomes of Presidential Elections and the House Size.\u201d A sufficiently larger House would have given electoral victories to the popular vote winner in both 1876 and 2000. An exception is the election of 1888. We show that Trump\u2019s victory in 2016 is like Harrison\u2019s in 1888 and unlike Hayes\u2019s in 1876 and Bush\u2019s in 2000. This article updates our previous work to include the 2016 election. It also draws attention to some of the anomalous behavior that can arise under the Electoral College." }, { "paper": "2990238598", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2019", "title": "ukrainian open index maps local citations", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2991377771", "2754830349" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ukrainian open index maps local citations.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2948195413", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2019", "title": "molly ladd taylor fixing the poor eugenic sterilization and child welfare in the twentieth century", "label": [ "100243477", "199539241", "140610115" ], "author": [ "182150451" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Molly Ladd-Taylor. Fixing the Poor: Eugenic Sterilization and Child Welfare in the Twentieth Century.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2951762871", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2019", "title": "book review the rise of nonprofit investigative journalism in the united states by bill birnbauer and journalism without profit making news when the market fails by magda konieczna", "label": [ "119513131" ], "author": [ "2506824037" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: The Rise of NonProfit Investigative Journalism in the United States, by Bill Birnbauer and Journalism Without Profit: Making News When the Market Fails, by Magda Konieczna:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2981415914", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2019", "title": "what do we have to lose local economic decline prospect theory and support for brexit", "label": [ "2781462389" ], "author": [ "2810234263" ], "reference": [ "40514151", "253646976", "574853873", "579248024", "615066954", "1200752817", "1533967694", "1535600844", "1542184596", "1565295770", "1895366050", "1898216265", "1968327343", "1968533978", "1971440513", "1977775666", "1981457167", "1988250283", "2010143351", "2020604396", "2022520050", "2036178518", "2041946752", "2054170057", "2054359618", "2057618787", "2079071312", "2096604669", "2100799546", "2132575282", "2133469585", "2160728966", "2161648594", "2165584372", "2225588540", "2297545958", "2507821054", "2512028802", "2529320828", "2548146028", "2551246769", "2586172655", "2593926131", "2603916360", "2604800839", "2624658163", "2730032988", "2743753962", "2765219263", "2770836339", "2772436042", "2796619953", "2894594108", "2900159750", "2913506912", "2914696383", "2918618260", "2945808258", "2998157258", "3121294955", "3122620151", "3125353710", "3168550589" ], "abstract": "abstract the brexit referendum confronted british voters with a choice that could have profound consequences for the british economy in a context of high uncertainty drawing on important lessons from prospect theory i argue that citizens who were in the domain of economic losses were more likely to take a risk and vote in favor of brexit on the contrary i hold that citizens who were in the domain of economic gains tended to be more risk averse and were more likely to support remain in the referendum using data from several waves of the british election study 2014 2019 internet panel i find strong support for these theoretical expectations british voters who lived in declining areas were significantly more likely to think that leaving the eu would lead to improvements in the national economy these prospective economic evaluations captured about a month prior to the referendum in turn are related to the leave vote in the brexit referendum", "title_raw": "\u2018What do we have to lose?\u2019: Local economic decline, prospect theory, and support for Brexit", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The Brexit referendum confronted British voters with a choice that could have profound consequences for the British economy in a context of high uncertainty. Drawing on important lessons from prospect theory, I argue that citizens who were in the domain of economic losses were more likely to take a risk and vote in favor of Brexit. On the contrary, I hold that citizens who were in the domain of economic gains tended to be more risk averse and were more likely to support \u2018Remain\u2019 in the referendum. Using data from several waves of the British Election Study 2014\u20132019 Internet Panel, I find strong support for these theoretical expectations. British voters who lived in declining areas were significantly more likely to think that leaving the EU would lead to improvements in the national economy. These prospective economic evaluations (captured about a month prior to the referendum) in turn are related to the \u2018Leave\u2019 vote in the Brexit referendum." }, { "paper": "2770008611", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2019", "title": "dangerised youth the politics of security and development in timor leste", "label": [ "21788436", "94625758", "79165680", "513891491", "2776398702", "505623098", "509929229" ], "author": [ "2312802788" ], "reference": [ "83265734", "212605984", "291740334", "592726633", "1523356324", "1595398104", "1965022503", "1965436044", "1967535079", "1987613071", "1987763508", "1988099690", "1991133027", "2001615755", "2018295217", "2021679693", "2027759309", "2071533321", "2073738829", "2084948392", "2102542682", "2103389174", "2103439288", "2104983586", "2112776149", "2122950723", "2129440166", "2132041896", "2156829840", "2159167535", "2203717615", "2259517320", "2337643049", "2340601031", "2560343518", "2598767295", "2752430914" ], "abstract": "international organisations the national government and civil society alike have identified youth as a potential threat to the stability of the young state of timor leste over the last decade in", "title_raw": "Dangerised youth: the politics of security and development in Timor-Leste", "abstract_raw": "International organisations, the national government and civil society alike have identified youth as a potential threat to the stability of the young state of Timor-Leste over the last decade. In ..." }, { "paper": "2905812562", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2019", "title": "one man show tv and russian internet observation diary of russian presidential elections 2018", "label": [ "117774814", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2905775324" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "three weeks before the 2018 russian presidential elections fedor nesterov media manager analyst and journalist compiled a journal focusing on the pre election race on local electronic media tv", "title_raw": "One Man Show: TV and Russian Internet Observation Diary of Russian Presidential Elections 2018:", "abstract_raw": "Three weeks before the 2018 Russian Presidential elections, Fedor Nesterov, media manager, analyst, and journalist compiled a journal focusing on the pre-election race on local electronic media, TV..." }, { "paper": "2944260647", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2019", "title": "andrew j diamond 2017 chicago on the make power and inequality in a modern city berkeley ca university of california press", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2101557756" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Andrew J. Diamond 2017: Chicago on the Make: Power and Inequality in a Modern City. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2931779607", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2019", "title": "matthew k shannon losing hearts and minds american iranian relations and international education during the cold war", "label": [ "2779177650" ], "author": [ "2098391520" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Matthew K. Shannon. Losing Hearts and Minds: American-Iranian Relations and International Education during the Cold War.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2897987842", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2019", "title": "book review social media parties and political inequalities", "label": [ "518677369", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2117995505" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book review: Social Media, Parties, and Political Inequalities:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2902902206", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2019", "title": "strategic competence and agency individuals overcoming barriers to change in south african higher education", "label": [ "555826173", "120912362" ], "author": [ "2957435610", "2141406018" ], "reference": [ "195135366", "926179095", "1511130224", "1515810707", "1534893549", "1542352169", "1545925812", "1553183615", "1985377497", "1995273545", "1998683443", "2009697557", "2012679422", "2015840389", "2044970569", "2046371842", "2068573662", "2077436521", "2091915526", "2119699096", "2135288459", "2140556522", "2146203034", "2152122485", "2161309206", "2164061302", "2277539441", "2295992565", "2313156979", "2317450184", "2553922790", "2568812420", "2585573705", "2591125220" ], "abstract": "social relations institutional arrangements and cultures bequeathed by south africa s system of apartheid continue be felt in the present despite the country s formal transition to democracy 25 ye", "title_raw": "Strategic competence and agency: individuals overcoming barriers to change in South African higher education", "abstract_raw": "Social relations, institutional arrangements and cultures bequeathed by South Africa\u2019s system of apartheid continue be felt in the present despite the country\u2019s formal transition to democracy 25 ye..." }, { "paper": "2899628392", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2019", "title": "contesting the international order by integrating it the case of china s belt and road initiative", "label": [ "2779738550", "191935318", "2775995803" ], "author": [ "2140789620" ], "reference": [ "1526332060", "1985706286", "1995386878", "1996251311", "2003573179", "2006715452", "2012237436", "2017718661", "2034048650", "2034122669", "2034344895", "2052674018", "2054717228", "2076969551", "2078485768", "2080717273", "2089486804", "2094294241", "2097068909", "2112332950", "2113260580", "2120830793", "2125792626", "2133878608", "2134804227", "2149218571", "2151405173", "2160129347", "2162814011", "2162850325", "2164304100", "2179862413", "2258669473", "2289500933", "2301395208", "2337656443", "2495215586", "2544533899", "2677289208", "2788686106", "2789335363", "2891733564", "3124278253" ], "abstract": "what does the belt and road initiative bri tell us about china s perceptions of the international order this paper takes an inductive approach by examining the bri for a two pronged purpose fir", "title_raw": "Contesting the international order by integrating it: the case of China\u2019s Belt and Road initiative", "abstract_raw": "What does the Belt and Road initiative (BRI) tell us about China\u2019s perceptions of the international order? This paper takes an inductive approach by examining the BRI for a two-pronged purpose: fir..." }, { "paper": "2912430924", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2019", "title": "no country for strongmen", "label": [ "513891491", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2183686030" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "No Country for Strongmen", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2953624981", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2019", "title": "mediated public diplomacy in the digital age exploring the saudi and the u s governments agenda building during trump s visit to the middle east", "label": [ "94625758", "2779787301", "134698397", "3116431", "84265765", "2779714988", "3651065" ], "author": [ "2955513222", "2908306783", "2953813282", "136013573", "2955957507" ], "reference": [ "82238422", "139478402", "1497571527", "1561539832", "1900747757", "1969114867", "1974565744", "1986371387", "1993671582", "2022379938", "2025948161", "2027674570", "2039164475", "2041669153", "2048144637", "2049068796", "2050715183", "2052904036", "2056334288", "2058899046", "2070349697", "2082441077", "2089351408", "2090579727", "2091498196", "2095733349", "2100212881", "2102590877", "2110934980", "2113366274", "2116094027", "2128055870", "2143875151", "2146135185", "2150359950", "2150957645", "2151663491", "2153690210", "2156058313", "2186376801", "2198793827", "2206614794", "2330166462", "2400038893", "2416195008", "2612739139", "2742451201", "2753804046", "2766425239", "2768281932", "2773170638", "2792471973", "2793916968", "2905799713", "2969614871", "3013798161" ], "abstract": "abstract this study analyzed the agenda building capacity of political public relations messages of the saudi and the u s governments during donald trump s visit to the middle east and scrutinized their influence on the media coverage and public opinion the findings indicate that all three levels of agenda building received solid empirical support from the data governmental information subsidies significantly influenced media coverage and public opinion on the level of issues and stakeholders 1st level their attributes 2nd level and networked co occurrences of issues stakeholders 3rd level of agenda building traditional information subsidies emerged as a powerful tool driving the agenda building process the study confirms the effective capacity of public relations communication to build the media and the public agendas in non western media culture and expands the applicability of the agenda building network analysis research to the middle eastern media market", "title_raw": "Mediated public diplomacy in the digital age: Exploring the Saudi and the U.S. governments\u2019 agenda-building during Trump\u2019s visit to the Middle East", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This study analyzed the agenda-building capacity of political public relations messages of the Saudi and the U.S. governments during Donald Trump\u2019s visit to the Middle East and scrutinized their influence on the media coverage and public opinion. The findings indicate that all three levels of agenda-building received solid empirical support from the data: governmental information subsidies significantly influenced media coverage and public opinion on the level of issues and stakeholders (1st level), their attributes (2nd level), and networked co-occurrences of issues/stakeholders (3rd level of agenda-building). Traditional information subsidies emerged as a powerful tool driving the agenda-building process. The study confirms the effective capacity of public relations communication to build the media and the public agendas in non-Western media culture and expands the applicability of the agenda-building network analysis research to the Middle Eastern media market." }, { "paper": "2938765793", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2019", "title": "closure or retribution", "label": [ "110928126" ], "author": [ "2396730393" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Closure or retribution", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2943074768", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2019", "title": "mapping policy issues a simple active learning exercise for critical thinking", "label": [ "111226992", "522562087", "70036468", "39549134", "11012388" ], "author": [ "2085186029" ], "reference": [ "1996942307", "2084490244", "2587674697" ], "abstract": "many students in my undergraduate american politics courses struggle to see policy issues as complex too often they get stuck making surface level observations or jumping straight to personal opinions falling far short of critical thinking this article introduces an active learning exercise situational mapping that provokes students to recognize and think critically about the complexities of policy issues such as immigration abortion campaign financing and guns adapted from a grounded theory research technique the goals of this mapping exercise are to 1 help students see policy issues as messy 2 encourage them to wallow in complexity rather than oversimplify and 3 provoke them to think through complexities before forming conclusions the learning exercise actively engages every student is simple to prepare and implement can be completed during a 50 minute class and is flexible in its application it also involves teamwork informal presentations moving around the classroom and opportunities for creativity", "title_raw": "Mapping Policy Issues: A Simple, Active-Learning Exercise for Critical Thinking", "abstract_raw": "Many students in my undergraduate American politics courses struggle to see policy issues as complex. Too often, they get stuck making surface-level observations or jumping straight to personal opinions, falling far short of critical thinking. This article introduces an active-learning exercise\u2014situational mapping\u2014that provokes students to recognize and think critically about the complexities of policy issues such as immigration, abortion, campaign financing, and guns. Adapted from a grounded-theory research technique, the goals of this mapping exercise are to (1) help students see policy issues as messy, (2) encourage them to \u201cwallow in complexity\u201d rather than oversimplify, and (3) provoke them to think through complexities before forming conclusions. The learning exercise actively engages every student, is simple to prepare and implement, can be completed during a 50-minute class, and is flexible in its application. It also involves teamwork, informal presentations, moving around the classroom, and opportunities for creativity." }, { "paper": "2807208000", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2019", "title": "substitution or facilitation service delivery ngos and political engagement in the peruvian amazon", "label": [ "3116431", "1337776", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2805629220" ], "reference": [ "833395939", "1566329825", "1965423759", "1966115312", "1972439635", "1973672034", "1986264710", "1995622470", "2010603308", "2017629617", "2021930613", "2037283016", "2052634571", "2056279034", "2064869822", "2071945695", "2082066044", "2096666093", "2100619499", "2112014798", "2127176603", "2139169740", "2142884427", "2143507861", "2147321349", "2147558012", "2154391068", "2289827919", "2332003479", "3122081498" ], "abstract": "whether nongovernmental organizations ngos undermine or build democratic linkages between citizens and governments in developing contexts is a long standing debate this research explores the div", "title_raw": "Substitution or Facilitation: Service-Delivery NGOs and Political Engagement in the Peruvian Amazon:", "abstract_raw": "Whether nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) undermine or build democratic linkages between citizens and governments in developing contexts is a long-standing debate. This research explores the div..." }, { "paper": "2942067926", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2019", "title": "labeling candidates as underdogs in political communications the moderation of candidate related factors", "label": [ "2777673361", "2778449503" ], "author": [ "2941661299" ], "reference": [ "629683899", "1446123692", "1500202963", "1506800212", "1599495407", "1822455823", "1875588004", "1888741308", "1894255450", "1939877192", "1964355794", "1969053922", "1981764803", "1986361790", "1986431494", "1986774131", "1987948207", "1991107651", "1991728966", "1993649328", "1993707151", "2004338752", "2006832059", "2012012480", "2015098452", "2015424201", "2019901672", "2022458321", "2023627001", "2023970576", "2026609215", "2031186147", "2037156465", "2038062871", "2041815189", "2042333433", "2044678407", "2048551322", "2057868961", "2066788263", "2068223355", "2075683977", "2082222479", "2085507342", "2092205708", "2092589899", "2093800816", "2094971750", "2097149951", "2101627327", "2113328613", "2121282306", "2121997444", "2125458573", "2135193301", "2141470067", "2142487047", "2142598536", "2147993947", "2154380314", "2157171669", "2158986304", "2160967365", "2166950241", "2167805383", "2170612873", "2171099065", "2190689453", "2263912021", "2319116162", "2319416748", "2319739728", "2339170723", "2339210132", "2341604809", "2342634560", "2366360605", "2385207162", "2414184353", "2467190792", "2471511118", "2500912135", "2501754597", "2502688118", "2581015606", "2590548585", "2594907990", "2731330698", "2738266547", "2744576735", "2762045017", "2765143473", "2781797008", "2783873759", "2789216584", "2806612774", "2888320278", "2893491584", "2898350558", "2898719136", "2899993548", "3124799418", "3125980007" ], "abstract": "abstract underdogs are individuals or groups who are at a disadvantage in competitive situations or predicted to fail in competition against rivals in elections candidates often label themselves as underdogs regardless of their poll rankings using the associated image of weakness to appeal to voters this study examines the advertising effects related to labeling candidates as underdogs versus frontrunners in political communications and the possible moderating effects of candidate related factors including media based poll rankings biological sex and physical attractiveness the results of two experiments show that a candidate s use of the underdog label generates better advertising effects when polls indicate the promoted candidate is close to or substantially behind the competitor or when the promoted candidate is female and moderately physically attractive however using the frontrunner label generates better advertising effects when the promoted candidate is male highly physically attractive or substantially prevailing over the competitor in the polls", "title_raw": "Labeling candidates as underdogs in political communications: The moderation of candidate-related factors", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Underdogs are individuals or groups who are at a disadvantage in competitive situations or predicted to fail in competition against rivals. In elections, candidates often label themselves as underdogs, regardless of their poll rankings, using the associated image of weakness to appeal to voters. This study examines the advertising effects related to labeling candidates as underdogs (versus frontrunners) in political communications, and the possible moderating effects of candidate-related factors, including media-based poll rankings, biological sex, and physical attractiveness. The results of two experiments show that a candidate's use of the underdog label generates better advertising effects when polls indicate the promoted candidate is close to or substantially behind the competitor, or when the promoted candidate is female and moderately physically attractive. However, using the frontrunner label generates better advertising effects when the promoted candidate is male, highly physically attractive, or substantially prevailing over the competitor in the polls." }, { "paper": "2948561298", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2019", "title": "partner politics russia china and the challenge of extending us hegemony after the cold war", "label": [ "2776051254", "135121143", "191935318", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1513632959" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "hegemonic order theory draws attention to relationships of asymmetrical power and legitimate consent this article emphasizes the importance of lynchpin partnerships in the maintenance of hegemon", "title_raw": "Partner Politics: Russia, China, and the Challenge of Extending US Hegemony after the Cold War", "abstract_raw": "Hegemonic-order theory draws attention to relationships of asymmetrical power and legitimate consent. This article emphasizes the importance of \u201clynchpin partnerships\u201d in the maintenance of hegemon..." }, { "paper": "2806929657", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2019", "title": "the politics of guarding the treaties commission scrutiny of rule of law compliance", "label": [ "199539241", "94625758", "2776034101", "2776847301", "2776050585" ], "author": [ "2226779740" ], "reference": [ "75923389", "133744125", "562743883", "1779582848", "1793720500", "1913672115", "1947989957", "1969573369", "1970859577", "2008377661", "2019408689", "2019566739", "2049422431", "2060886834", "2067544803", "2104523600", "2106181696", "2118952010", "2129764416", "2133350830", "2148627986", "2171637787", "2292293963", "2313431902", "2322576119", "2465837365", "2488164856", "2505017487", "2512163722", "2514365471", "2519630601", "2571260595", "2591979901", "2605507632", "2899118641", "3123331153", "3124283101", "3124741155", "3164717432" ], "abstract": "commission s expectations on eventual compliance explain its different behaviour when dealing with rule of law rol crises in hungary and poland whilst the commission activated the first stage of", "title_raw": "The politics of guarding the Treaties : Commission scrutiny of rule of law compliance", "abstract_raw": "Commission's expectations on eventual compliance explain its different behaviour when dealing with Rule of Law (RoL) crises in Hungary and Poland. Whilst the Commission activated the first stage of..." }, { "paper": "2902036981", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2019", "title": "community based welfare targeting and political elite capture evidence from rural china", "label": [ "2776729895", "100243477", "191935318", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2903131194", "2113076720" ], "reference": [ "630219362", "1903244327", "1918829612", "1925677562", "1934117799", "1970773308", "1974644091", "1979576448", "1985741605", "1986451067", "2008461769", "2014749773", "2015535079", "2019368190", "2054062734", "2083461950", "2084110766", "2084984189", "2088480756", "2096471326", "2117610596", "2126316129", "2131339533", "2149039282", "2158691426", "2200417593", "2255575301", "2274644731", "2367374202", "2394862458", "2549166485", "2580002299", "2917196396", "3022739254", "3024226558", "3121689684", "3121728251", "3123652870", "3123921397", "3124897234", "3124919702", "3124944958", "3125399063", "3148006809", "3150262087" ], "abstract": "abstract using nationally representative rural household survey data from the 2013 china household income project chip and decomposable targeting differential measures this article systematically evaluates rural dibao s targeting performance based on both income and multidimensional poverty measures and investigates the effects of political elite capture in its community based targeting cbt implementation we found that rural dibao s targeting performance was quite poor based on income poverty standards when based on multidimensional poverty dibao s targeting performance was better than based on income poverty dibao s intra village targeting accounted for more of its targeting performance than inter village targeting we also found political elite capture effects to exist for both dibao participation and transfer value received moreover the political elite capture effect from close relatives was larger in magnitude than that from household members having a household member being a village leader in the village of residence had no significant elite capture effect whereas having members with a political leader position outside the village of residence or being a non leader political party member was associated with a greater chance of welfare participation these findings suggest that targeting errors in developing countries cbt welfare programs such as china s rural dibao is still substantial and political elite capture may be one important reason for them", "title_raw": "Community-based welfare targeting and political elite capture: Evidence from rural China", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Using nationally representative rural household survey data from the 2013 China Household Income Project (CHIP) and decomposable targeting differential measures, this article systematically evaluates rural Dibao\u2019s targeting performance based on both income and multidimensional poverty measures, and investigates the effects of political elite capture in its community-based targeting (CBT) implementation. We found that rural Dibao\u2019s targeting performance was quite poor based on income poverty standards. When based on multidimensional poverty, Dibao\u2019s targeting performance was better than based on income poverty. Dibao\u2019s intra-village targeting accounted for more of its targeting performance than inter-village targeting. We also found political elite capture effects to exist for both Dibao participation and transfer value received. Moreover, the political elite capture effect from close relatives was larger in magnitude than that from household members. Having a household member being a village leader in the village of residence had no significant elite capture effect, whereas having members with a political leader position outside the village of residence or being a non-leader political party member was associated with a greater chance of welfare participation. These findings suggest that targeting errors in developing countries\u2019 CBT welfare programs such as China\u2019s rural Dibao is still substantial and political elite capture may be one important reason for them." }, { "paper": "2914495718", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2019", "title": "bottom up change in frozen conflicts transnational struggles and mechanisms of recognition in western sahara", "label": [ "2776614217", "169437150", "2776398702", "2779872411" ], "author": [ "2276855242" ], "reference": [ "24300764", "98024530", "398340616", "408748391", "568490097", "621095742", "628134342", "1507589900", "1509842333", "1526568324", "1553256691", "1554163745", "1597183254", "1673727658", "1965630888", "1969546878", "1973789281", "1991947544", "2010592743", "2025301950", "2035354927", "2054307078", "2058032422", "2077026259", "2097217656", "2107139009", "2113981741", "2115884402", "2117450093", "2133171894", "2137339415", "2148932915", "2166906416", "2168199455", "2180236882", "2203228900", "2279842491", "2476960130", "2480548001", "2501262624", "2551639907", "2561429402", "2594057283", "2610569129", "2745160874", "2797517526", "2800474934", "2885740001", "2895556542", "2972243584", "2976642534" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Bottom-up Change in Frozen Conflicts: Transnational Struggles and Mechanisms of Recognition in Western Sahara", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2910180817", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2019", "title": "promoting justice across borders", "label": [ "65117487", "2776934989", "94625758", "46295352", "2777075199", "2776153805", "139621336", "2778197078" ], "author": [ "2910234890" ], "reference": [ "1612611858", "2081323036", "2192249544", "2479324209", "2500633471", "2604618828", "2731166307", "2888951372", "2889069354", "2889272900", "2913035206", "3123694645" ], "abstract": "political theorists have written a great deal about the ethics of intervention defined as states using coercion or force to interfere in foreign societies politics but this work leaves much of", "title_raw": "Promoting Justice Across Borders", "abstract_raw": "Political theorists have written a great deal about the ethics of \u201cintervention,\u201d defined as states using coercion or force to interfere in foreign societies\u2019 politics. But this work leaves much of..." }, { "paper": "2985361226", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2019", "title": "refugees and guesthood in turkey", "label": [ "173145845" ], "author": [ "2888159160" ], "reference": [ "1973045495", "1976715398", "1985231002", "1997868291", "2006228616", "2006303972", "2009620149", "2012053735", "2028027577", "2035027909", "2035340979", "2047714380", "2059127605", "2070761252", "2083853325", "2087405299", "2096557872", "2106895961", "2112481103", "2124633831", "2128258110", "2131502526", "2140211037", "2150701383", "2162305448", "2164348864", "2288820015", "2292549803", "2301443087", "2415827176", "2417043778", "2488851550", "2499305451", "2507231564", "2511300021", "2662516642", "2726712946", "2796449151", "2806200828", "2884784720", "2910828469", "3123927179" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Refugees and Guesthood in Turkey", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2990820229", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2019", "title": "chile reform science policy to tackle social problems", "label": [ "2780328347", "53001019", "94625758", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2241162036" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Chile: reform science policy to tackle social problems.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2886579315", "venue": "161895660", "year": "2019", "title": "democratic policing before the due process revolution", "label": [ "2779404633", "2777632292", "199539241", "202565627", "2775946814", "2776847301", "48764862", "504945742", "2778272461" ], "author": [ "2805168507" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democratic Policing before the Due Process Revolution", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2963553335", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2019", "title": "contests of legitimacy and value the treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons and the logic of prohibition", "label": [ "46295352", "513891491", "538168058", "2779010840", "94625758", "194110935" ], "author": [ "2962699925" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the recently adopted treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons tpnw has caused much debate and controversy in global nuclear politics given that the stated goal of the tpnw supporters states and ngos alike is to embed the treaty in the structures of nuclear governance and to strengthen its normative power how likely is the tpnw to achieve these objectives the article argues that the unique structures of legitimacy and value within which nuclear weapons are enmeshed place particular complications on the normative force of the tpnw as compared to previous humanitarian arms control initiatives which has implications for the way in which the tpnw can function to consolidate a prohibitionary norm on nuclear weapons possession the article uses the framing of legitimacy to analyse the complex structures within which the tpnw was adopted and within which it will enter into force particularly focusing on the tpnw s relationship to the treaty on the non proliferation of nuclear weapons npt the article concludes that consolidation may require a further challenge to the existing structures of nuclear order than state actors have so far been willing to make this work is based on first hand observations from the tpnw negotiations and interviews with civil society actors at the united nations in new york in june and july 2017", "title_raw": "Contests of legitimacy and value: the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons and the logic of prohibition", "abstract_raw": "The recently adopted Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) has caused much debate and controversy in global nuclear politics. Given that the stated goal of the TPNW supporters (states and NGOs alike) is to embed the treaty in the structures of nuclear governance and to strengthen its normative power, how likely is the TPNW to achieve these objectives? The article argues that the unique structures of legitimacy and value within which nuclear weapons are enmeshed place particular complications on the normative force of the TPNW as compared to previous humanitarian arms control initiatives, which has implications for the way in which the TPNW can function to consolidate a prohibitionary norm on nuclear weapons possession. The article uses the framing of legitimacy to analyse the complex structures within which the TPNW was adopted and within which it will enter into force, particularly focusing on the TPNW's relationship to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The article concludes that consolidation may require a further challenge to the existing structures of nuclear order than state actors have, so far, been willing to make. This work is based on first-hand observations from the TPNW negotiations and interviews with civil society actors at the United Nations in New York in June and July 2017." }, { "paper": "2967402318", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2019", "title": "political economy of bioenergy transitions in developing countries a case study of punjab india", "label": [ "2778560467", "552854447", "176239081" ], "author": [ "2968310417", "2910804765" ], "reference": [ "307050554", "569826341", "1482337371", "1497085369", "1539391846", "1544585767", "1569325302", "1824207351", "1972088018", "1976411034", "1977719483", "1985725745", "1993566360", "1998039179", "2004216675", "2019130591", "2032399350", "2034994370", "2035900551", "2054597841", "2056122924", "2056384490", "2074739476", "2099426529", "2128404454", "2129627260", "2136520112", "2140843649", "2152703625", "2175723801", "2210269019", "2312533940", "2338575277", "2402474188", "2481416392", "2591181034", "2626734788", "2751491466", "2755740637", "2792997875", "2795490576", "2960766424", "2972076707", "3121523752", "3125825110", "3203300638" ], "abstract": "abstract occupying an important place in the sustainable development discourse bioenergy was widely touted as the fuel of the future at the beginning of the 21st century however in recent years many adverse impacts of commercial bioenergy projects have come to the forefront these include limited ecological benefits heightened food insecurity across many developing countries as well as exploitation of local residents by bioenergy producers there remains a dearth of empirical evidence devoted to investigating bioenergy s potential as a sustainable energy alternative in developing countries it is against this background that our paper is aimed at making two contributions one to provide a ground level empirical data on bioenergy initiatives in the indian punjab region and two to examine the theoretical contribution of eco socialist perspective to assess the sustainability potentials of bioenergy in developing economies the eco socialist perspective treats environmental degradation as a systemic issue and considers the power and class structures in capitalism as the central explanatory parameters in explaining the process of environmental degradation as a part of the transition from capitalism to eco socialism the eco socialists advocate for a participatory approach to environmental decision making to ensure that ecological justice emerges as the central parameter of sustainable development the theoretical framing of the case study research on bioenergy projects in the region of punjab india was informed by the eco socialist vision the case study employed a multiple stakeholder approach to explore the opportunities and contestations surrounding bioenergy projects in punjab identifying key flaws as well as the promises of bioenergy in punjab that were investigated our research revealed that in order to be a sustainable energy alternative that meets the objective of ecological and social justice bioenergy policies need to address the needs of local communities and be cognizant of the inherent socio economic embeddedness of these initiatives", "title_raw": "Political economy of bioenergy transitions in developing countries: A case study of Punjab, India", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Occupying an important place in the sustainable development discourse, bioenergy was widely touted as the \u2018fuel of the future\u2019 at the beginning of the 21st century. However, in recent years, many adverse impacts of commercial bioenergy projects have come to the forefront. These include limited ecological benefits, heightened food insecurity across many developing countries as well as exploitation of local residents by bioenergy producers. There remains a dearth of empirical evidence devoted to investigating bioenergy\u2019s potential as a sustainable energy alternative in developing countries. It is against this background that our paper is aimed at making two contributions: one, to provide a ground level empirical data on bioenergy initiatives in the Indian Punjab region and, two, to examine the theoretical contribution of eco-socialist perspective to assess the sustainability potentials of bioenergy in developing economies. The eco-socialist perspective treats environmental degradation as a \u2018systemic issue\u2019 and considers the power and class structures in capitalism as the central explanatory parameters in explaining the process of environmental degradation. As a part of the transition from capitalism to eco-socialism, the eco-socialists advocate for a participatory approach to environmental decision making to ensure that ecological justice emerges as the central parameter of sustainable development. The theoretical framing of the case study research on bioenergy projects in the region of Punjab, India was informed by the eco-socialist vision. The case study employed a \u2018multiple stakeholder\u2019 approach to explore the opportunities and contestations surrounding bioenergy projects in Punjab. Identifying key flaws as well as the promises of bioenergy in Punjab that were investigated, our research revealed that in order to be a sustainable energy alternative that meets the objective of ecological and social justice, bioenergy policies need to address the needs of local communities and be cognizant of the inherent socio-economic embeddedness of these initiatives." }, { "paper": "2955633468", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2019", "title": "india culls hundreds more dubious journals from government approved list", "label": [ "46295352", "3116431", "151719136", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2098997389" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "publications on the updated white list will now be assessed for legitimacy and quality publications on the updated white list will now be assessed for legitimacy and quality", "title_raw": "India culls hundreds more \u2018dubious\u2019 journals from government approved list", "abstract_raw": "Publications on the updated white list will now be assessed for legitimacy and quality. Publications on the updated white list will now be assessed for legitimacy and quality." }, { "paper": "2901996747", "venue": "167854760", "year": "2019", "title": "entanglements in multispecies voluntourism conservation and utila s affect economy", "label": [ "59785166", "94625758", "18918823" ], "author": [ "295614508" ], "reference": [ "80064459", "183812949", "187575828", "374402783", "592833882", "599234852", "618367914", "1533783547", "1547936396", "1552493678", "1819306713", "1836084700", "1869468900", "1963911890", "1977493323", "1980293834", "1982137297", "1988169260", "2000653644", "2029534489", "2036513938", "2048342259", "2053599270", "2061694074", "2074011976", "2088812048", "2090683060", "2103166511", "2105210094", "2109167655", "2116133550", "2133087704", "2140175400", "2144921515", "2155747373", "2157355984", "2167251327", "2260288481", "2266294403", "2315638584", "2483043055", "2484757512", "2559591180", "2565187583", "2618708328", "2760557198", "3160413841" ], "abstract": "through a case study of conservation voluntourism this article brings together critical political ecology multispecies ethnography and studies of humanitarian tourism to advance a political ecolo", "title_raw": "Entanglements in multispecies voluntourism: conservation and Utila's affect economy", "abstract_raw": "Through a case study of conservation voluntourism this article brings together critical political ecology, multispecies ethnography, and studies of humanitarian tourism to advance a political ecolo..." }, { "paper": "2913105588", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2019", "title": "author correction c maf dependent regulatory t cells mediate immunological tolerance to a gut pathobiont", "label": [ "2909171266", "2777026412" ], "author": [ "2128817559", "2676980230", "2612601700", "2615972862", "2610346861", "2468490733", "2187116856", "16768129", "1895944924", "2088692733" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in this letter the competing interests statement should have stated d r l consults for and has equity in vedanta biosciences the original letter has not been corrected", "title_raw": "Author Correction: c-MAF-dependent regulatory T cells mediate immunological tolerance to a gut pathobiont.", "abstract_raw": "In this Letter, the \u2018Competing interests\u2019 statement should have stated: \u2018D.R.L. consults for and has equity in Vedanta Biosciences.\u2019 The original Letter has not been corrected." }, { "paper": "2898905916", "venue": "169433491", "year": "2019", "title": "citizens evaluations of the public sector evidence from two large scale experiments", "label": [ "147859227" ], "author": [ "2133796123" ], "reference": [ "149979081", "607557377", "642897606", "1512922535", "1513385655", "1562493923", "1898063019", "1900652424", "1991849598", "2001849359", "2080928326", "2082436063", "2083185085", "2086788903", "2093428871", "2094357075", "2097173816", "2103330079", "2108802999", "2117872214", "2132490153", "2132773425", "2138290169", "2145817486", "2149893809", "2153910101", "2156916802", "2168004402", "2170752001", "2315976814", "2321120481", "2334073361", "2338475285", "2519696639", "2522846628", "2577227262", "2749654197", "2761831831", "2766274546", "3121303837" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Citizens\u2019 Evaluations of the Public Sector: Evidence From Two Large-Scale Experiments", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2953016940", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2019", "title": "communicating extreme event policy windows discourses on hurricane sandy and policy change in boston and new york city", "label": [ "119513131", "39549134", "148834064", "109986646", "2779030433" ], "author": [ "2644054428", "2951787211", "2293909939" ], "reference": [ "27858317", "1272150858", "1932300248", "1965108925", "1965993798", "1968102483", "1977182481", "1997346868", "2013149024", "2024217035", "2041311870", "2068345056", "2078778096", "2080513295", "2081678641", "2084159197", "2089840871", "2090132972", "2092089580", "2093920276", "2107108480", "2108587980", "2123768626", "2133518763", "2134250396", "2144768886", "2157821896", "2160164275", "2162098349", "2507175502", "2909011918", "3145220348" ], "abstract": "abstract the potential for extreme weather events to open windows for public policy changes or transitions has been studied from various theoretical and analytical perspectives following extreme weather events the media including popular press and journalism contributes to critical moments where a potential window opens to transform public understandings of issues and challenges in established extreme event discourses this paper examines government engagement with the media to better understand conditions of the post event policy window from the perspective of critical discourse moments more specifically the paper uses keyword analysis and critical discourse analysis to examine discursive constructions of the post event policy window following hurricane sandy by two city governments boston and new york we contrast the language of city government engagement with media about post disaster policy responses and compare this with the language of proposed city policies on climate risk adaptation and mitigation strategies the outcomes of this analysis illustrate differences between government engagement with media in the post disaster window and their eventual climate policy responses the results raise questions regarding the influence of the media on post disaster policy responses and focus attention on the proximity of an extreme weather event as potentially affecting the type of policy response either proactive or reactive by a governing body", "title_raw": "Communicating extreme event policy windows: Discourses on Hurricane Sandy and policy change in Boston and New York City", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The potential for extreme weather events to open windows for public policy changes or transitions has been studied from various theoretical and analytical perspectives. Following extreme weather events, the media (including popular press and journalism) contributes to critical moments, where a potential window opens to transform public understandings of issues and challenges in established extreme event discourses. This paper examines government engagement with the media to better understand conditions of the post-event policy window from the perspective of critical discourse moments. More specifically, the paper uses keyword analysis and critical discourse analysis to examine discursive constructions of the post-event policy window following Hurricane Sandy by two city governments\u2013 Boston and New York. We contrast the language of city government engagement with media about post-disaster policy responses and compare this with the language of proposed city policies on climate risk adaptation and mitigation strategies. The outcomes of this analysis illustrate differences between government engagement with media in the post-disaster window and their eventual climate policy responses. The results raise questions regarding the influence of the media on post-disaster policy responses and focus attention on the proximity of an extreme weather event as potentially affecting the type of policy response (either proactive or reactive) by a governing body." }, { "paper": "2979951366", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2019", "title": "rami ginat egypt and the struggle for power in sudan from world war ii to nasserism", "label": [ "137355542", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "1986605023" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rami Ginat. Egypt and the Struggle for Power in Sudan: From World War II to Nasserism.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2996302845", "venue": "49968029", "year": "2019", "title": "os pequenos partidos e as disputas eleitorais no brasil uma analise de desempenho entre 1998 2014", "label": [ "83009810", "164429055" ], "author": [ "2995594346" ], "reference": [ "1543403558", "1900649848", "1916275465", "2386197598", "2727672854" ], "abstract": "this article aims to contribute to the study of small brazilian parties by analyzing their performances in elections and their organizational characteristics it presents the discussion of possible criteria of how to establish which are the small parties and proposes one according to which the cases are selected electoral data on executive and legislative disputes at the three federative levels of the selected party group are analyzed and the different performances of the small parties are related to their organizational characteristics the analysis shows that the parties with the greatest capillarity and less institutionalization of their sub national directories have performed better in the analyzed period", "title_raw": "Os pequenos partidos e as disputas eleitorais no Brasil: uma an\u00e1lise de desempenho entre 1998-2014", "abstract_raw": "This article aims to contribute to the study of small Brazilian parties by analyzing their performances in elections and their organizational characteristics. It presents the discussion of possible criteria of how to establish which are the small parties and proposes one according to which the cases are selected. Electoral data on executive and legislative disputes at the three federative levels of the selected party group are analyzed and the different performances of the small parties are related to their organizational characteristics. The analysis shows that the parties with the greatest capillarity and less institutionalization of their sub-national directories have performed better in the analyzed period." }, { "paper": "2989800179", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2019", "title": "governing and contesting marginality muslims and urban governance in the uk", "label": [ "2780208285", "542530943" ], "author": [ "2598580041" ], "reference": [ "1944895678", "1950480611", "1971064859", "1990443349", "1992608337", "2006719746", "2075942231", "2107183493", "2122165519", "2144752483", "2167259269", "2321446890", "2468505248", "2598449586", "2798825864", "2807050947", "3121180812" ], "abstract": "sites of muslim settlement in the uk are frequently portrayed as poorly integrated and governed areas a situation that is often attributed to the excessive cultural and religious accommodation of", "title_raw": "Governing and contesting marginality: Muslims and urban governance in the UK", "abstract_raw": "Sites of Muslim settlement in the UK are frequently portrayed as poorly integrated and governed areas \u2013 a situation that is often attributed to the excessive cultural and religious accommodation of..." }, { "paper": "2969916732", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2019", "title": "political science research in the middle east and north africa methodological and ethical challenges edited by janine a clark francesco cavatorta new york oxford university press 2018 328p 99 00 cloth 34 95 paper", "label": [ "3651065" ], "author": [ "2663155588" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Science Research in the Middle East and North Africa: Methodological and Ethical Challenges. Edited by Janine A. Clark & Francesco Cavatorta. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. 328p. $99.00 cloth, $34.95 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2948058682", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2019", "title": "katherine benton cohen inventing the immigration problem the dillingham commission and its legacy", "label": [ "199539241", "70036468", "2776034101" ], "author": [ "2635646935" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Katherine Benton-Cohen. Inventing the Immigration Problem: The Dillingham Commission and Its Legacy.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2966125900", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2019", "title": "quarantine in the 21st century to be effective public health policies must be inclusive", "label": [ "47344431", "3116431", "2779473830", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1942469706" ], "reference": [ "2899744774" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Quarantine in the 21st Century: To Be Effective, Public Health Policies Must Be Inclusive.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2914093847", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2019", "title": "putin s game plan in ukraine", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2913919868" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Putin\u2019s Game Plan in Ukraine", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2912690028", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2019", "title": "response to thomas k ogorzalek s review of the increasingly united states how and why american political behavior nationalized", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2913186842" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Response to Thomas K. Ogorzalek\u2019s review of The Increasingly United States: How and Why American Political Behavior Nationalized", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2921002133", "venue": "160686149", "year": "2019", "title": "gender stereotyping and chivalry in international negotiations a survey experiment in the council of the european union", "label": [ "2775987171", "34355311", "199776023", "557252395" ], "author": [ "253869417", "155160887", "2164289406" ], "reference": [ "20182383", "28866446", "311565563", "362583714", "592557066", "630757030", "634766325", "648206394", "999234595", "1011719741", "1523746507", "1527310361", "1693360918", "1901344811", "1967260171", "1967502936", "1971462069", "1980083892", "1982727021", "1988723874", "1992745256", "2013216276", "2014060834", "2015289231", "2026217192", "2028169490", "2030755269", "2044722313", "2049463971", "2049753845", "2060433779", "2067895357", "2074455766", "2085554257", "2087802614", "2093611275", "2099304543", "2104591635", "2104949011", "2113243390", "2115471150", "2118700191", "2121144663", "2121935234", "2130030636", "2134376296", "2142964517", "2144383963", "2148589556", "2153031274", "2159691769", "2160494265", "2161923363", "2163115950", "2164095277", "2166838881", "2312279420", "2338232582", "2442305074", "2490269266", "2500169780", "2521660573", "2752099845", "2767964472", "2901632922", "3021610602", "3080341202", "3121900048" ], "abstract": "gender stereotypes stylized expectations of individuals traits and capabilities based on their gender may affect the behavior of diplomats and the processes of international negotiations in a survey experiment in the council of the european union we find that female representatives behaving stereotypically weak and vulnerable may trigger a chivalry reaction among male representatives increasing the likelihood that the men will agree to support a bargaining proposal from the women the effect is conditional on the negotiators cultural background the chivalry reaction is displayed mainly by diplomats from countries with relatively low levels of gender equality our study contributes to the research on nonstandard behavior in international relations and in particular the expression and reception of emotions in diplomacy we argue that gender stereotypes may have a moderating impact on decision making based on such intuitive cognitive processes we also add to the broader negotiation literature both by showing the pervasiveness of gender stereotyping and by testing at the elite level the generalizability of claims regarding gender effects derived from laboratory experiments overall our findings demonstrate the importance of bringing gender into the study of international negotiations where it has been largely and surprisingly ignored", "title_raw": "Gender Stereotyping and Chivalry in International Negotiations: A Survey Experiment in the Council of the European Union", "abstract_raw": "Gender stereotypes\u2014stylized expectations of individuals\u2019 traits and capabilities based on their gender\u2014may affect the behavior of diplomats and the processes of international negotiations. In a survey experiment in the Council of the European Union, we find that female representatives behaving stereotypically weak and vulnerable may trigger a chivalry reaction among male representatives, increasing the likelihood that the men will agree to support a bargaining proposal from the women. The effect is conditional on the negotiators\u2019 cultural background\u2014the chivalry reaction is displayed mainly by diplomats from countries with relatively low levels of gender equality. Our study contributes to the research on nonstandard behavior in international relations, and in particular the expression and reception of emotions in diplomacy. We argue that gender stereotypes may have a moderating impact on decision making based on such intuitive cognitive processes. We also add to the broader negotiation literature, both by showing the pervasiveness of gender stereotyping, and by testing at the elite level the generalizability of claims regarding gender effects derived from laboratory experiments. Overall, our findings demonstrate the importance of bringing gender into the study of international negotiations, where it has been largely and surprisingly ignored." }, { "paper": "2945167694", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2019", "title": "state of the world 2018 democracy facing global challenges", "label": [ "555826173", "125505783", "17058734", "2781093426" ], "author": [ "2294423737", "2946823466", "3046305052", "2888932579", "2649581662" ], "reference": [ "764290220", "1770116696", "1985976588", "2007352806", "2049272576", "2160009468", "2214801105", "2757406038", "2763067939", "2792336927", "2793830106", "2796599699", "2882980205", "2883678596", "2883862948", "2905796636", "2919826889", "2941053381", "2944858383", "3007181699" ], "abstract": "this article analyses the state of democracy in the world in 2018 and recent developments building on the 2019 release of the v dem dataset first the trend of autocratization continues and 24 co", "title_raw": "State of the world 2018: democracy facing global challenges*", "abstract_raw": "This article analyses the state of democracy in the world in 2018, and recent developments building on the 2019 release of the V-Dem dataset. First, the trend of autocratization continues and 24 co..." }, { "paper": "2950593886", "venue": "9731383", "year": "2019", "title": "on the use of blockchain based mechanisms to tackle academic misconduct", "label": [ "2780587575", "151719136" ], "author": [ "2303063058" ], "reference": [ "85863753", "600555831", "605943680", "893234787", "1516953254", "1604177236", "1655306493", "1665897291", "1897139626", "1908622629", "1965339277", "1965370172", "1965910625", "1966845295", "1971323859", "1971648300", "1975867488", "1982437977", "1993998841", "1999131703", "2009265601", "2013261479", "2013282320", "2022493637", "2026119611", "2031262997", "2035357272", "2039358504", "2045252578", "2062520492", "2065363189", "2073707652", "2079576465", "2084008630", "2084179352", "2097110982", "2098321252", "2098827191", "2100267603", "2100431539", "2106713015", "2124002218", "2148405837", "2151164289", "2152243616", "2159312573", "2163746098", "2185313947", "2189821821", "2263593861", "2322381034", "2341895670", "2406493898", "2417800084", "2418392267", "2530875690", "2546163746", "2570760970", "2591120574", "2601413041", "2737988770", "2755257234", "2757403221", "2768823096", "2772653807", "2781769256", "2784387076", "2789051863", "2789102605", "2791138805", "2793896960", "2860309971", "2889139442", "2896793249", "2898432593", "2923975633", "2949505195", "2993344217", "3121912528", "3124269080", "3124685633", "3125726066", "3144757814", "3147717538", "3183072421" ], "abstract": "abstract current incentives for publishing in academic journals result in a winner take all contest like situation with significant benefits for publishing research in quality journals at the same time empirically we observe a greater incidence of research misconduct the purpose of this paper is to summarize the nature and extent of the misconduct problem to show why it may persist in the absence of conscious remedial action and to discuss solutions that help lower the likelihood of spurious research escaping undetected a simple model is constructed to emphasize that there exists the potential for a prisoners dilemma in academia where scholars engage in misconduct at equilibrium the academic dilemma the paper then examines why conventional centralized regulatory solutions under the current system are not likely to succeed in resolving the problem analyzes the properties of a decentralized solution utilizing blockchains and argues that once incentive structures in academia are factored in a permissioned blockchain may emerge as an effective middle ground solution for mitigating scientific misconduct in doing so the paper highlights the importance of new technologies and recent advancements in open science for battling misconduct and takes stock of the evolving nature of academic publishing", "title_raw": "On the use of blockchain-based mechanisms to tackle academic misconduct", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Current incentives for publishing in academic journals result in a \u201cwinner-take-all\u201d contest-like situation, with significant benefits for publishing research in quality journals. At the same time, empirically, we observe a greater incidence of research misconduct. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the nature and extent of the misconduct problem, to show why it may persist in the absence of conscious remedial action, and to discuss solutions that help lower the likelihood of spurious research escaping undetected. A simple model is constructed to emphasize that there exists the potential for a Prisoners\u2019 Dilemma in academia, where scholars engage in misconduct at equilibrium (the Academic Dilemma). The paper then examines why conventional \u201ccentralized\u201d regulatory solutions under the current system are not likely to succeed in resolving the problem, analyzes the properties of a decentralized solution utilizing blockchains, and argues that once incentive structures in academia are factored in, a permissioned blockchain may emerge as an effective middle-ground solution for mitigating scientific misconduct. In doing so, the paper highlights the importance of new technologies and recent advancements in Open Science for battling misconduct, and takes stock of the evolving nature of academic publishing." }, { "paper": "2979467227", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2019", "title": "the 2019 eu elections moving the center", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2221860850" ], "reference": [ "67332667", "1537139451", "1966989238", "2590039024", "3002497792", "3014867098" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The 2019 EU Elections: Moving the Center", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2908974532", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2019", "title": "trump s foreign policy is no longer unpredictable", "label": [ "93377909" ], "author": [ "2540210089" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Trump\u2019s Foreign Policy Is No Longer Unpredictable", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2928102393", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2019", "title": "the emergence of foreign policy", "label": [ "138368954", "93377909" ], "author": [ "2074747874" ], "reference": [ "172818667", "211092101", "437577159", "568278065", "611893377", "624930716", "632188241", "648679524", "653660496", "1482002670", "1494667519", "1524633145", "1527715833", "1528784858", "1530020320", "1539106937", "1549326817", "1551023281", "1557560513", "1558462506", "1559400250", "1580162955", "1607251666", "1717991233", "1945281128", "1964070290", "1968020664", "1973034304", "1977586640", "1979592868", "1994272230", "1994410690", "1996764793", "2003566785", "2008796221", "2008925015", "2010792570", "2029974592", "2037107571", "2046563990", "2057407032", "2061516888", "2062030247", "2062152586", "2095505409", "2106537004", "2114617978", "2120114526", "2125906171", "2312938064", "2321005321", "2328752295", "2341909432", "2399137951", "2484667850", "2518604421", "2789452164", "2792516847", "2889541871" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Emergence of Foreign Policy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3002848010", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2019", "title": "rumours in war boko haram and the politics of suspicion in french cameroon relations", "label": [ "94625758", "144661447", "81631423", "34355311", "2780093650" ], "author": [ "3003136406" ], "reference": [ "106661698", "168342031", "302956047", "350844215", "562636863", "565087145", "604049920", "608831166", "620258886", "629504624", "645317312", "647799462", "1490154170", "1494775825", "1510535834", "1522034151", "1525923122", "1557634951", "1963663916", "1974822749", "1978010292", "2013547488", "2031419470", "2052940925", "2079398527", "2082979171", "2086466017", "2109912869", "2132475611", "2144695476", "2267119102", "2321326902", "2322220763", "2337702325", "2549049702", "2592604920", "2736381716", "2887544792", "2901936837", "2905510191", "2913911310", "3082928543", "3115426103", "3186513635" ], "abstract": "cameroon s autocrat paul biya declared war on boko haram in 2014 using a variety of ethnographic materials this article examines the politics of rumours and conspiracy theories that have defined the popular response to this war in cameroon it underlines the mobilising force of these rumours on intra elite struggles within the national context as well as on international relations particularly on french cameroon relations i argue that rumour mongering is a central mode of production of suspicion in times of war and social crisis yet the current rumours in the wake of the war against boko haram in cameroon are inscribed within a historical framework of a state directed politics of paranoia that seeks to define enemies of destabilisation in the end this politics of suspicion also works to bring otherwise disaffected cameroonians to support the autocratic paul biya as a victim of foreign plots for regime change in cameroon", "title_raw": "Rumours in war: Boko Haram and the politics of suspicion in French\u2013Cameroon relations", "abstract_raw": "Cameroon's autocrat, Paul Biya, declared war on Boko Haram in 2014. Using a variety of ethnographic materials, this article examines the politics of rumours and conspiracy theories that have defined the popular response to this war in Cameroon. It underlines the mobilising force of these rumours on intra-elite struggles within the national context as well as on international relations, particularly on French\u2013Cameroon relations. I argue that rumour-mongering is a central mode of production of suspicion in times of war and social crisis. Yet, the current rumours in the wake of the war against Boko Haram in Cameroon are inscribed within a historical framework of a state-directed politics of paranoia that seeks to define \u2018enemies of destabilisation\u2019. In the end, this politics of suspicion also works to bring otherwise disaffected Cameroonians to support the autocratic Paul Biya as a victim of foreign plots for regime change in Cameroon." }, { "paper": "2793342814", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2019", "title": "emergency powers in democracies and international conflict", "label": [ "509929229" ], "author": [ "2995884694" ], "reference": [ "1816112337", "1964129016", "1970932621", "1977612236", "1982277901", "2009595209", "2016020226", "2017472428", "2031266882", "2047156377", "2053040449", "2055306051", "2063829818", "2077085353", "2077379689", "2086309245", "2087313224", "2093995388", "2100601176", "2101562716", "2104358422", "2110488634", "2117067411", "2118833349", "2119290332", "2119669418", "2139464841", "2160009468", "2160446276", "2162323324", "2165757691", "2169378432", "2335542620", "3122074090", "3122265169", "3122694256", "3124404216", "3125638373" ], "abstract": "scholars argue that institutions in democracies constrain leaders and prevent international conflict however many democracies specify rules of governance in times of emergency that divert substan", "title_raw": "Emergency Powers in Democracies and International Conflict", "abstract_raw": "Scholars argue that institutions in democracies constrain leaders and prevent international conflict. However, many democracies specify rules of governance in times of emergency that divert substan..." }, { "paper": "2970784295", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2019", "title": "billionaires organizations and federalism developments in the study of american inequality", "label": [ "533735693" ], "author": [ "2566842983" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Billionaires, Organizations, and Federalism: Developments in the Study of American Inequality", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2972421893", "venue": "4789869", "year": "2019", "title": "the poor s struggle for political incorporation the piquetero movement in argentina", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2144040613" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Poor\u2019s Struggle for Political Incorporation: The Piquetero Movement in Argentina:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2791407771", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2019", "title": "the three stages of the anti incumbency vote retrospective economic voting in young and established democracies", "label": [ "46295352", "2778671479", "555826173", "2776554220", "148834064", "17058734", "520049643" ], "author": [ "1156283914", "1964226635" ], "reference": [ "178177854", "1559040657", "1578432211", "1579504661", "1604615846", "1850078553", "1964224704", "1966977689", "1970855934", "1976509432", "1996244335", "1996809060", "2000927330", "2009111523", "2009595209", "2013830632", "2021681947", "2022352419", "2024700487", "2034164313", "2038232439", "2044131386", "2047011261", "2053862697", "2058863953", "2061363501", "2076440205", "2077636920", "2089559945", "2091733320", "2093084756", "2094828456", "2096735723", "2104711243", "2104814645", "2104863076", "2116913953", "2120939044", "2121692752", "2132409626", "2144464222", "2147973579", "2149760414", "2151387905", "2152682034", "2158134461", "2168157886", "2168585663", "2170291011", "2170883809", "2314463799", "2321289126", "2325450998", "2329103711", "2337173903", "2399145468", "2501417174", "3121527673" ], "abstract": "economic prosperity is the best recipe for an incumbent government to be re elected however the financial crisis was significantly more consequential for governing parties in young rather than in established democracies this article introduces the age of democracy as a contextual explanation which moderates the degree to which citizens vote retrospectively it shows a curvilinear effect of the age of democracy on retrospective economic voting in a first stage after the transition to democracy reform governments suffer from a general anti incumbency effect unrelated to economic performance in a second step citizens in young democracies relate the legitimacy of democratic actors to their economic performance rather than to procedural rules and connect economic outcomes closely to incumbent support as democracies mature actors profit from a reservoir of legitimacy and retrospective voting declines empirically these hypotheses are corroborated by data on vote change and economic performance in 59 democracies worldwide over 25 years", "title_raw": "The three stages of the anti\u2010incumbency vote: Retrospective economic voting in young and established democracies", "abstract_raw": "Economic prosperity is the best recipe for an incumbent government to be re\u2010elected. However, the financial crisis was significantly more consequential for governing parties in young rather than in established democracies. This article introduces the age of democracy as a contextual explanation which moderates the degree to which citizens vote retrospectively. It shows a curvilinear effect of the age of democracy on retrospective economic voting. In a first stage after the transition to democracy, reform governments suffer from a general anti\u2010incumbency effect, unrelated to economic performance. In a second step, citizens in young democracies relate the legitimacy of democratic actors to their economic performance rather than to procedural rules, and connect economic outcomes closely to incumbent support. As democracies mature, actors profit from a reservoir of legitimacy, and retrospective voting declines. Empirically, these hypotheses are corroborated by data on vote change and economic performance in 59 democracies worldwide, over 25 years." }, { "paper": "2914938980", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2019", "title": "counter revolution as international phenomenon the case of egypt", "label": [ "140816279", "31170391", "2775987171", "201960208", "2779771067", "158071213", "34355311", "186229450" ], "author": [ "2911794988" ], "reference": [ "252592075", "560732911", "575552930", "603425019", "637915491", "828756634", "1451696660", "1503044963", "1519833410", "1527065746", "1533613469", "1799135033", "1877946838", "1890215879", "1966606849", "1971750763", "1972522831", "1985567464", "1987509335", "1987963636", "1989183048", "1994251793", "1994990033", "1996115507", "1998247364", "2001615755", "2007574231", "2008575100", "2017540058", "2018634355", "2023181701", "2030761931", "2032626813", "2047851990", "2049969862", "2058682729", "2059090320", "2065215919", "2069558085", "2069834635", "2086805191", "2104904901", "2106835723", "2137436715", "2164975563", "2189885651", "2246822665", "2272989108", "2278431878", "2301559228", "2317828878", "2335275835", "2412755911", "2481308920", "2481634146", "2483029534", "2483372630", "2496528985", "2549122066", "2570209913", "2592697234", "2607094075", "2620341433", "2751682274", "2751870701", "2752340787", "2755700128", "2772715354", "2775180957", "2777157041", "2799846954", "2800998111", "2805614875", "2911832890", "2970174690", "2970235640", "3021363567", "3119004631" ], "abstract": "this article argues that the case of the egyptian 2011 revolution forces us to rethink accounts of counter revolution in international relations the debate over whether the events of 2011 13 in egypt should be considered a revolution or merely a revolt or uprising reflects an understanding of revolutions as closed and discrete events and therefore of international counter revolution as significant only after revolutionary movements have seized sovereign power against this account which maintains the idea of sovereignty as the boundary between domestic social and international geopolitical phenomena i argue that counter revolutions can operate across boundaries during revolutionary situations before and to prevent revolutionary transformation and therefore affect whether a revolutionary sovereign power is established at all such counter revolutions draw upon both the ideological inheritance of historical strategies of international catch up and the cross border class relations that these different strategies bring into being in the egyptian case the counter revolution thus relied upon two factors deriving from this strategy the ideological inheritance of nasserism as a response to international hierarchy and the integration of the post nasser egyptian ruling elite with gulf financial and us security networks", "title_raw": "Counter-revolution as international phenomenon: the case of Egypt", "abstract_raw": "This article argues that the case of the Egyptian 2011 revolution forces us to rethink accounts of counter-revolution in International Relations. The debate over whether the events of 2011\u201313 in Egypt should be considered a \u2018revolution\u2019 or merely a \u2018revolt\u2019 or \u2018uprising\u2019 reflects an understanding of revolutions as closed and discrete events, and therefore of international counter-revolution as significant only after revolutionary movements have seized sovereign power. Against this account, which maintains the idea of sovereignty as the boundary between domestic/social and international/ geopolitical phenomena, I argue that counter-revolutions can operate across boundaries during revolutionary situations before and to prevent revolutionary transformation and therefore affect whether a revolutionary sovereign power is established at all. Such counter-revolutions draw upon both the ideological inheritance of historical strategies of international \u2018catch-up\u2019, and the cross-border class relations that these different strategies bring into being. In the Egyptian case, the counter-revolution thus relied upon two factors deriving from this strategy: the ideological inheritance of Nasserism as a response to international hierarchy, and the integration of the post-Nasser Egyptian ruling elite with Gulf financial, and US security, networks." }, { "paper": "3123091766", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2019", "title": "how do we get along international economic law and the nation state", "label": [ "55447825", "2119116", "2779812257", "8705443", "63504599", "2777098093", "506295513", "131330614" ], "author": [ "2146487138" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Do We Get Along? International Economic Law and the Nation-State", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2888727307", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2019", "title": "imperious temptations democratic legitimacy and indigenous consent in canada", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2526058557" ], "reference": [ "595474632", "771442057", "1984317986", "1991784046", "1993901202", "2033133948", "2062545510", "2079840027", "2089460674", "2118437808", "2197766034", "2212418119", "2497174511", "2518210869", "2539682818", "2554582621", "3122624080", "3125472800" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Imperious Temptations: Democratic Legitimacy and Indigenous Consent in Canada", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2980400009", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2019", "title": "the international model citizen and the syrian war canadian identity from a civilian power perspective", "label": [ "188888794", "93377909", "2776051254", "2780541349" ], "author": [ "2978853439" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "canadian foreign policy analysis has traditionally drawn heavily on the middle power concept this paper proposes to look at canadian foreign policy from a new angle using the concept of ontologic", "title_raw": "The international model citizen and the Syrian war: Canadian identity from a civilian power perspective:", "abstract_raw": "Canadian foreign policy analysis has traditionally drawn heavily on the middle power concept. This paper proposes to look at Canadian foreign policy from a new angle: Using the concept of ontologic..." }, { "paper": "2987043752", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2019", "title": "rich russians from oligarchs to bourgeoisie elisabeth schimpfossl oxford new york ny oxford university press 2018 xii 234pp 25 99 h b", "label": [ "184386139" ], "author": [ "2899149156", "2899120243" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Rich Russians. From Oligarchs to Bourgeoisie: Elisabeth Schimpf\u00f6ssl, Oxford & New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2018, xii + 234pp., \u00a325.99 h/b.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2928977174", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2019", "title": "more interest in interest does poll coverage help or hurt efforts to make more young voters show up at the ballot box", "label": [ "2779509655", "2781440851", "2779838221", "2777094542" ], "author": [ "3194493441", "2093158071" ], "reference": [ "1051673", "1519908298", "1541408000", "1908991493", "1944642938", "1968152130", "1968398070", "1981603973", "1983379722", "1984038346", "1987943893", "1991489456", "2004014127", "2015244013", "2019641651", "2021586347", "2022277260", "2024286035", "2026805706", "2034569312", "2038702827", "2040535234", "2044750832", "2070862818", "2071555056", "2078030311", "2082550970", "2093925152", "2094065078", "2100952198", "2101966716", "2107421356", "2120943738", "2123513113", "2132324013", "2139206471", "2141212639", "2143057477", "2147332011", "2150047195", "2163566030", "2179098100", "2187201375", "2292101822", "2292624764", "2325607679", "2390761528", "2473652797", "2485816861", "2489221033" ], "abstract": "turnout in second order elections like those for the european parliament is notoriously low especially among younger voters this study compares five pathways in which exposure to poll coverage", "title_raw": "More interest in interest: Does poll coverage help or hurt efforts to make more young voters show up at the ballot box?:", "abstract_raw": "Turnout in second-order elections, like those for the European Parliament, is notoriously low, especially among younger voters. This study compares five pathways in which exposure to poll coverage ..." }, { "paper": "2979544284", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2019", "title": "routine impunity as practice in myanmar", "label": [ "2780224667" ], "author": [ "2071946421" ], "reference": [ "2214332535", "2569500570", "2583069488", "2959645275", "2964420700", "2995084207" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Routine Impunity as Practice (in Myanmar)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2909729272", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2019", "title": "how comprehensive is comprehensive using wangari maathai as a critique of the world bank s contemporary development model", "label": [ "118589477" ], "author": [ "2909200314" ], "reference": [ "205636873", "1479361103", "1480196612", "1510286283", "1583203357", "1831950684", "1990748212", "2027581737", "2046011551", "2052876428", "2065385931", "2086833662", "2121001065", "2132296846", "2319351759", "2584542891", "2595520367", "2770013115" ], "abstract": "this paper asks how comprehensive and holistic is the world bank s current development model also known as the comprehensive development framework cdf in africa by comprehensive and holistic", "title_raw": "How comprehensive is comprehensive? Using Wangari Maathai as a critique of the World Bank\u2019s contemporary development model", "abstract_raw": "This paper asks how comprehensive and holistic is the World Bank\u2019s current development model, also known as the Comprehensive Development Framework (CDF), in Africa? By comprehensive and holistic, ..." }, { "paper": "2972224114", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2019", "title": "maritime security the uncharted politics of the global sea", "label": [ "55447825", "34355311", "509929229", "94625758", "2779449393", "2779455057", "2778204415", "196927870" ], "author": [ "1767276136", "2634280613", "2143801620" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Maritime security: The uncharted politics of the global sea", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2911774480", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2019", "title": "political corruption and scandals in japan by matthew m carlson and steven r reed ithaca ny cornell university press 2018 204p 39 95 cloth", "label": [ "508889258" ], "author": [ "716397105" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Political Corruption and Scandals in Japan. By Matthew M. Carlson and Steven R. Reed. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. 204p. $39.95 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2888903348", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2019", "title": "the never changing story eight decades of the government public relations department of thailand", "label": [ "555826173", "94625758", "2119116", "109986646", "137355542", "39549134", "542948173", "143081792", "2776475305" ], "author": [ "2889112806" ], "reference": [ "612487705", "1497871843", "1514324494", "1531577206", "1976688845", "1980444403", "2006886222", "2037644018", "2140355464", "2415913088", "2504096456", "2520725638", "2559821212", "2583657093", "2889476605", "2904848141", "3114533968" ], "abstract": "abstract the government public relations department gprd of thailand has existed in various forms since the country s governing system changed from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional one in 1932 this study reflects on how the gprd s practices have been affected by the country s governing and political environments over time it has periodized the eighty four years of development of the gprd into sequential phases based on a continuum approach the gprd s roles and duties are detailed based on four periods beginning period growth period full expansion period and weak period the gprd was firstly positioned to be the primary government tool for introducing the concept of democracy to the thai populace and disseminating information about government policies activities and propagandistic campaigns through thailand s periods of political instability world war ii the cold war and rise of communism in indochina globalization and the current digital age the gprd has expanded in its role within the government as the center of communication for a wide variety of governmental organizations however even as it has expanded and undergone re organization it has been criticized for being a government mouthpiece rather that a reliable source of factual information working under the direct oversight of the various governments led by the military as well as both appointed and elected politicians the gprd has struggled to maintain a balanced public relations role at the juncture of thai politics and public interest", "title_raw": "The never changing story: Eight decades of the government public relations department of Thailand", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The Government Public Relations Department (GPRD) of Thailand has existed in various forms since the country\u2019s governing system changed from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional one in 1932. This study reflects on how the GPRD\u2019s practices have been affected by the country\u2019s governing and political environments over time. It has periodized the eighty-four-years of development of the GPRD into sequential phases based on a continuum approach. The GPRD\u2019s roles and duties are detailed based on four periods: Beginning Period, Growth Period, Full Expansion Period, and Weak Period. The GPRD was firstly positioned to be the primary government tool for introducing the concept of democracy to the Thai populace and disseminating information about government policies, activities and propagandistic campaigns. Through Thailand\u2019s periods of political instability, World War II, the Cold War and rise of communism in Indochina, globalization, and the current digital age, the GPRD has expanded in its role within the government as the center of communication for a wide variety of governmental organizations. However, even as it has expanded and undergone re-organization, it has been criticized for being a government mouthpiece rather that a reliable source of factual information. Working under the direct oversight of the various governments led by the military, as well as both appointed and elected politicians, the GPRD has struggled to maintain a balanced public relations role at the juncture of Thai politics and public interest." }, { "paper": "2930557820", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2019", "title": "lisa mcgirr the war on alcohol prohibition and the rise of the american state", "label": [ "2776398702", "81631423" ], "author": [ "2097558614" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Lisa McGirr. The War on Alcohol: Prohibition and the Rise of the American State.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2909442094", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2019", "title": "commemorating 1917 in russia ambivalent state history policy and the church s conquest of the history market", "label": [ "148834064", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2129907665" ], "reference": [ "1968658078", "1981680690", "2000317225", "2042463164", "2054780399", "2754775772", "2771121506", "2788527748" ], "abstract": "russia s historical policy towards the centenary of 1917 was composed of several parallel strategies diminishing the meaning of the event to avoid the head of state and other government figures ha", "title_raw": "Commemorating 1917 in Russia: Ambivalent State History Policy and the Church\u2019s Conquest of the History Market", "abstract_raw": "Russia\u2019s historical policy towards the centenary of 1917 was composed of several parallel strategies: diminishing the meaning of the event to avoid the head of state and other government figures ha..." }, { "paper": "2914180611", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2019", "title": "on reza afshari s on historiography of human rights", "label": [ "29598333", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2143886797" ], "reference": [ "394403734", "2058011114" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "On Reza Afshari's \"On Historiography of Human Rights\"", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2912841762", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2019", "title": "response to jeffrey r dudas s review of tea party women mama grizzlies grassroots leaders and the changing face of the american right", "label": [ "2776376731", "2781188222" ], "author": [ "2913826427" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Response to Jeffrey R. Dudas\u2019s review of Tea Party Women: Mama Grizzlies, Grassroots Leaders, and the Changing Face of the American Right", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2909116865", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2019", "title": "the origins of strong institutional design policy reform and participatory institutions in brazil s health sector", "label": [ "203663800", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2921519806" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Origins of Strong Institutional Design: Policy Reform and Participatory Institutions in Brazil's Health Sector", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2921516126", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2019", "title": "violence propels ebola outbreak towards 1 000 cases", "label": [ "555826173", "187155963" ], "author": [ "2499361766" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "surging conflict in the democratic republic of the congo is hampering efforts to stamp out the virus surging conflict in the democratic republic of the congo is hampering efforts to stamp out the virus", "title_raw": "Violence propels Ebola outbreak towards 1,000 cases.", "abstract_raw": "Surging conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is hampering efforts to stamp out the virus. Surging conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is hampering efforts to stamp out the virus." }, { "paper": "2902401125", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2019", "title": "land taking and electoral rule setting evidence from chinese rural democracy", "label": [ "2776788908", "191935318", "555826173" ], "author": [ "2135263299", "2628586156", "2903312458", "2118924886" ], "reference": [ "1526361522", "1564501051", "1971817645", "2002107624", "2002607191", "2014100562", "2041082606", "2041887672", "2047554054", "2052308741", "2063890618", "2081308918", "2086321487", "2094446241", "2099303373", "2100684097", "2102638325", "2114685665", "2144866728", "2157840549", "2261598696", "2264053505", "2460086185", "2620358411", "3121746539", "3121988683", "3122132054", "3124131699", "3124677134", "3125483422" ], "abstract": "this article explains the regional variation in the electoral rules governing village election in china we argue that china s fast urbanization and land development have undermined the quality of", "title_raw": "Land Taking and Electoral Rule Setting: Evidence from Chinese Rural Democracy", "abstract_raw": "This article explains the regional variation in the electoral rules governing village election in China. We argue that China\u2019s fast urbanization and land development have undermined the quality of ..." }, { "paper": "2946009904", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2019", "title": "assessment for monitoring of education systems international comparisons", "label": [ "2780719617" ], "author": [ "2505184044", "2153230209" ], "reference": [ "2026449767", "2033893574", "2060027610", "2143387758", "2188479309", "2253695094", "2313347249", "2489093654", "2496717740", "2766933900", "2796322419", "2885595280", "2898716290", "2900550751", "2904539600", "2945459205" ], "abstract": "over the last two decades with the increase in both numbers of participating jurisdictions and media attention international large scale assessments ilsas have come to play a more salient role", "title_raw": "Assessment for Monitoring of Education Systems: International Comparisons:", "abstract_raw": "Over the last two decades, with the increase in both numbers of participating jurisdictions and media attention, international large-scale assessments (ILSAs) have come to play a more salient role ..." }, { "paper": "2914875004", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2019", "title": "from within to between nations subnational comparison across borders", "label": [ "522562087", "82834280", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2109084286" ], "reference": [ "35503031", "167085088", "250061445", "332395533", "566944316", "591458753", "591903904", "595539865", "611321302", "611922404", "626341018", "649506884", "652104471", "1490256597", "1493688080", "1517801419", "1521438290", "1554528537", "1559980895", "1571360271", "1581202253", "1829158409", "1963923705", "1968327343", "1979633729", "1988039389", "1994553397", "1996642614", "2019827344", "2023101965", "2029941278", "2030548322", "2032233602", "2032884490", "2064171064", "2068099147", "2069923470", "2072395157", "2076589453", "2077616735", "2078646629", "2081864674", "2082805183", "2091493400", "2095334503", "2105508058", "2106737264", "2107391331", "2109834475", "2109860650", "2121206876", "2121679873", "2125353502", "2133055148", "2135409175", "2143273975", "2152902854", "2164039506", "2168871215", "2169278049", "2171443468", "2171526767", "2174866856", "2175723801", "2181940433", "2322691101", "2340096101", "2460086185", "2479121425", "2524002291", "2554879914", "2564608203", "2566648886", "2801053456", "2894248887", "2945158286", "2954245325", "2999762063", "3096348260", "3122958054", "3123374821", "3125093072", "3125526661", "3126033370", "3126065106" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "From Within to Between Nations: Subnational Comparison across Borders", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2972984135", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2019", "title": "the two step model of clustered democratization", "label": [ "17058734" ], "author": [ "2108996852", "2132563189" ], "reference": [ "51774562", "1601519670", "1875054897", "1971443965", "1986780829", "1995964689", "1997809363", "2006516589", "2020271405", "2037693210", "2045672904", "2121467884", "2122170301", "2123972665", "2129260435", "2150823798", "2155433596", "2161709053", "2171690315", "2325748717", "2559732361", "2755536444", "2905648590", "3123693529", "3125056977" ], "abstract": "does democratization diffuse for over two decades numerous studies have asserted that democratization diffuses across countries but recent research has challenged this claim most recently work", "title_raw": "The Two-step Model of Clustered Democratization:", "abstract_raw": "Does democratization diffuse? For over two decades, numerous studies have asserted that democratization diffuses across countries but recent research has challenged this claim. Most recently, work ..." }, { "paper": "2910550363", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2019", "title": "the eec eu as an evolving compromise between french dirigism and german ordoliberalism 1957 1995", "label": [ "46355384" ], "author": [ "2200296036" ], "reference": [ "1992680417", "2095838103", "2126952934", "2132022800", "2166835535", "2171753429", "2414000642", "2494532859", "2564033716" ], "abstract": "this contribution explores the origins of the mutation of the concept of the social market economy from its ordoliberal roots to its contemporary broader meaning by examining to what extent it was influenced by the perennial debate between french dirigism and german ordoliberalism after an initial section defining both concepts the contribution proceeds to unearth long forgotten conflicts between both approaches from the 1960s to the 1980s on european planning on industrial policy and on competition policy a final section delves into the delors synthesis and the emu compromise", "title_raw": "The EEC/EU as an Evolving Compromise between French Dirigism and German Ordoliberalism (1957\u20131995)", "abstract_raw": "This contribution explores the origins of the mutation of the concept of the 'social market economy', from its ordoliberal roots, to its contemporary broader meaning, by examining to what extent it was influenced by the perennial debate between French dirigism and German ordoliberalism. After an initial section defining both concepts, the contribution proceeds to unearth long-forgotten conflicts between both approaches from the 1960s to the 1980s on European planning, on industrial policy and on competition policy. A final section delves into the Delors synthesis and the EMU compromise." }, { "paper": "2916678377", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2019", "title": "will maduro s supporters abandon him", "label": [ "199539241", "2781145704", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2911633097" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Will Maduro\u2019s Supporters Abandon Him?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2890850142", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2019", "title": "the missing link modernization tolerance and legislation on homosexuality", "label": [ "555826173", "2776001192", "58823610", "2777351106", "53844881" ], "author": [ "2166195716", "2145871591", "2308559280" ], "reference": [ "1520418864", "1535600844", "1651894945", "1653210553", "1767520447", "1908991493", "1978125212", "2001678181", "2010143351", "2012140426", "2027947704", "2034505782", "2038467650", "2042436776", "2070302672", "2083189832", "2086651280", "2091452643", "2098734476", "2101498657", "2111469023", "2111684594", "2111770475", "2113724413", "2115209481", "2122190118", "2124136858", "2132575282", "2134861869", "2139287657", "2144948315", "2168731066", "2212382053", "2332894243", "2437158182", "2504606886", "2549760654", "2732695320", "2735723260", "2793319244", "3124149490" ], "abstract": "research suggests that modernization is an important driver of liberalization in the field of gay and lesbian rights surprisingly it has often been assumed but not empirically examined that a cul", "title_raw": "The Missing Link? Modernization, Tolerance, and Legislation on Homosexuality:", "abstract_raw": "Research suggests that modernization is an important driver of liberalization in the field of gay and lesbian rights. Surprisingly, it has often been assumed\u2014but not empirically examined\u2014that a cul..." }, { "paper": "2980013096", "venue": "75775641", "year": "2019", "title": "introducing the strata approach to dialogue analysis sada the case of political ngos in israel", "label": [ "2778061430", "94625758", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2568515913", "238082779" ], "reference": [ "658339962", "1522588346", "1533707383", "1563918824", "1727892834", "1933029365", "1952839739", "1968573787", "1979162221", "1990807804", "2013578837", "2026918000", "2032779171", "2034452866", "2038272572", "2040371432", "2041889512", "2044143795", "2052600223", "2053154970", "2056285348", "2059085394", "2067944745", "2078079354", "2088712037", "2089706805", "2095206650", "2097796054", "2099858224", "2113024750", "2119861206", "2133421643", "2151275433", "2166288707", "2182774054", "2215320731", "2232280012", "2481886142", "2604832124", "2791775835", "2801913032", "2802788102", "2884522643", "2898536395", "2903749558", "2981968928", "3113302342" ], "abstract": "abstractwhile research on dialogue has been flourishing over the past few decades critics contend that this scholarship often misses the core philosophical idea of dialogue focusing instead on th", "title_raw": "Introducing the Strata Approach to Dialogue Analysis (SADA): the case of political NGOs in Israel", "abstract_raw": "ABSTRACTWhile research on dialogue has been flourishing over the past few decades, critics contend that this scholarship often misses the core philosophical idea of dialogue, focusing instead on th..." }, { "paper": "2964595841", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2019", "title": "who are the victims of crimes against cultural heritage", "label": [ "60671577" ], "author": [ "2613714737" ], "reference": [ "38830042", "1524162620", "1552169755", "1559967816", "1981183245", "2049750123", "2138404004", "2409863740", "2563950139", "2565900909", "2604505359", "2750282707", "3000244697", "3122661480" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Who are the Victims of Crimes Against Cultural Heritage", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2909555847", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2019", "title": "how commerce secretary ross got the science behind the census so wrong and why it matters", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Commerce Secretary Ross got the science behind the census so wrong\u2014and why it matters", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2972558617", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2019", "title": "blaming china it might feel good but it won t fix america s economy by benjamin shobert lincoln ne potomac books 2018 232 pp 29 95", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2972582971" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Blaming China: It Might Feel Good But It Won't Fix America's Economy by Benjamin Shobert. Lincoln, NE, Potomac Books, 2018. 232 pp. $29.95.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2902782630", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2019", "title": "bounding partisan approval rates under endogenous partisanship why high presidential partisan approval may not be what it seems", "label": [ "134698397", "3116431", "2776007630", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2635500646", "723549709", "2887604724" ], "reference": [ "2162026049" ], "abstract": "the presidential approval rate among a president s copartisans has received a great deal of attention and is an important quantity for understanding accountability of the executive branch we show", "title_raw": "Bounding Partisan Approval Rates under Endogenous Partisanship: Why High Presidential Partisan Approval May Not Be What It Seems", "abstract_raw": "The presidential approval rate among a president\u2019s copartisans has received a great deal of attention and is an important quantity for understanding accountability of the executive branch. We show ..." }, { "paper": "2980758988", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2019", "title": "academic medicine and political agendas", "label": [ "39549134", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2787039643", "1988934988", "2786833507", "2579416087", "1488010310" ], "reference": [ "1997129956", "2072278590", "2942877199" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Academic medicine and political agendas", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2914142086", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2019", "title": "women s value beyond the business case for diversity and inclusion", "label": [ "552854447", "20555606" ], "author": [ "2106647953", "1992561845" ], "reference": [ "224742924", "2293410060", "2783630876", "2795625187", "2897929663", "2972338912" ], "abstract": "this lancet issue on women in medicine seeks to address some confronting topics from a system imbued with gender bias to the unequal distribution of power within societies these important ideas can at times feel like endangered concepts in discussions about equality in recent decades principles of equity and social justice have been increasingly crowded out by market logic and rhetoric consider journalist anand giridharadas s account of a breakout session at a clinton global initiative conference on harnessing the power of girls and women for sustainable development as giridharadas describes it the discussion emphasised the competitive advantage and business opportunities to be reaped from women s rise that female empowerment is smart for business is giridharadas wryly observes the highest praise a cause could receive and while there can be value in pointing out the economic benefits of doing the right thing the business case approach makes striving for equality seem discretionary just one of many things an organisation could do to increase its performance or competitive advantage as giridharadas ironically suggests if the logic of our time had applied to the facts of an earlier age someone would have put out a report suggesting that ending slavery was great for reducing the trade deficit", "title_raw": "Women's value: beyond the business case for diversity and inclusion.", "abstract_raw": "This Lancet issue on women in medicine seeks to address some confronting topics: from a \u201csystem imbued with gender bias\u201d to the \u201cunequal distribution of power within societies\u201d. These important ideas can at times feel like endangered concepts: in discussions about equality in recent decades, principles of equity and social justice have been increasingly crowded out by market logic and rhetoric. Consider journalist Anand Giridharadas's account of a breakout session at a Clinton Global Initiative conference on harnessing the power of girls and women for sustainable development. As Giridharadas describes it, the discussion emphasised the competitive advantage and business opportunities to be reaped from women's rise. That female empowerment is smart for business is, Giridharadas wryly observes, \u201cthe highest praise a cause could receive\u201d. And, while there can be value in pointing out the economic benefits of doing the right thing, the business-case approach makes striving for equality seem discretionary; just one of many things an organisation could do to increase its performance or competitive advantage. As Giridharadas ironically suggests: \u201cIf the logic of our time had applied to the facts of an earlier age, someone would have put out a report suggesting that ending slavery was great for reducing the trade deficit.\u201d" }, { "paper": "2911056114", "venue": "7015929", "year": "2019", "title": "the year of living dangerously with nuclear weapons", "label": [ "199539241", "194110935" ], "author": [ "2099222893", "2005613419" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Year of Living Dangerously With Nuclear Weapons", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2907786857", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2019", "title": "the grand national assembly of turkey a decline in legislative capacity", "label": [ "83009810" ], "author": [ "2915688110" ], "reference": [ "52604830", "2023483468", "2088098105", "2136916177", "2488171530", "2809958308" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Grand National Assembly of Turkey: A Decline in Legislative Capacity", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2911343223", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2019", "title": "my new routine assessing the impact of citizen science on climate adaptation in bangladesh", "label": [ "2778833592", "68062652" ], "author": [ "2101645963", "2990943356", "2562814486", "2912446928" ], "reference": [ "164651090", "194327752", "416191946", "570136161", "631486773", "1508716387", "1536236243", "1541349272", "1566741571", "1577962188", "1607791644", "1815526592", "1890955996", "1963752392", "1968135517", "1971491685", "1973065816", "1974564128", "1974933136", "1976759885", "1985354534", "1987172718", "1993880122", "1999447531", "2000893236", "2000958397", "2005809368", "2011364883", "2021996732", "2028057489", "2031330365", "2038335062", "2046501037", "2053542102", "2058578276", "2059087733", "2060909843", "2072538921", "2092435486", "2094516009", "2100704846", "2106838999", "2109279826", "2110559753", "2119754244", "2122901932", "2124350766", "2124611226", "2124933900", "2129458299", "2147264455", "2148452534", "2152608856", "2153104772", "2165702945", "2166658986", "2175723801", "2268573666", "2302990255", "2314210620", "2405894514", "2410837524", "2411308438", "2461492310", "2556968239", "2566513566", "2583775061", "2586501859", "2586909832", "2732874904", "2738482509", "2757851387", "2761577593", "2765970811", "2786467058", "2789818676", "3124359264" ], "abstract": "abstract citizen science is put forward as a method for extending science to include communities in learning about and adapting to climate variability and change in the places they live but it is difficult to find evidence of how citizen science influences climate adaptation governance the citizen science field lacks the assessment frameworks and empirical studies for understanding impacts on citizen scientists common adaptive capacities for supporting social processes of adaptation in addressing this gap this paper describes a citizen science initiative carried out with communities in northeast bangladesh and assesses how it contributed to local governance capacity for climate adaptation in doing so it develops and tests a novel framework that assesses citizen science s contributions a high quality knowledge base and to five different capital stocks the assessment saw high increases in citizen scientists human capital relative to their awareness and understanding of local rainfall learning that they applied in adaptive practices at work and at home and local leadership there were also high increases in social capital among citizen scientists but more moderate increases in technological and resource capital and in political capital there was some evidence of the citizen science being used to support public adaptation decision making the initiative had the least impact on institutional capital", "title_raw": "\u2018My new routine\u2019: Assessing the impact of citizen science on climate adaptation in Bangladesh", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Citizen science is put forward as a method for extending science to include communities in learning about, and adapting to, climate variability and change in the places they live. But it is difficult to find evidence of how citizen science influences climate adaptation governance. The citizen science field lacks the assessment frameworks and empirical studies for understanding impacts on citizen scientists\u2019 common adaptive capacities for supporting social processes of adaptation. In addressing this gap, this paper describes a citizen science initiative carried out with communities in northeast Bangladesh, and assesses how it contributed to local governance capacity for climate adaptation. In doing so, it develops and tests a novel framework that assesses citizen science\u2019s contributions a high-quality knowledge base, and to five different capital stocks. The assessment saw high increases in citizen scientists\u2019 human capital relative to their awareness and understanding of local rainfall; learning that they applied in adaptive practices at work and at home, and local leadership. There were also high increases in social capital among citizen scientists, but more moderate increases in technological and resource capital, and in political capital. There was some evidence of the citizen science being used to support public adaptation decision-making. The initiative had the least impact on institutional capital." }, { "paper": "2994888720", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2019", "title": "an international regime in an age of empire", "label": [ "2778495208", "2780248902" ], "author": [ "2399022219" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "An International Regime in an Age of Empire", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2969328573", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2019", "title": "a discussion of kathryn sikkink s evidence for hope making human rights work in the 21 st century", "label": [ "34355311", "169437150", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2133013233" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "since their emergence in the late eighteenth century doctrines of universal individual rights have been variously criticized as philosophically confused politically inefficacious ideologically particular and eurocentric nevertheless today the discourse of universal human rights is more internationally widespread and influential than ever in evidence for hope leading international relations scholar kathryn sikkink argues that this is because human rights laws and institutions work sikkink rejects the notion that human rights are a western imposition and points to a wide range of evidence that she claims demonstrates the effectiveness of human rights in bringing about a world that is appreciably improved in many ways from what it was previously we have invited a broad range of scholars to assess sikkink s challenging claims", "title_raw": "A Discussion of Kathryn Sikkink's Evidence for Hope: Making Human Rights Work in the 21 st Century", "abstract_raw": "Since their emergence in the late eighteenth century, doctrines of universal individual rights have been variously criticized as philosophically confused, politically inefficacious, ideologically particular, and Eurocentric. Nevertheless, today the discourse of universal human rights is more internationally widespread and influential than ever. In Evidence for Hope , leading international relations scholar Kathryn Sikkink argues that this is because human rights laws and institutions work. Sikkink rejects the notion that human rights are a Western imposition and points to a wide range of evidence that she claims demonstrates the effectiveness of human rights in bringing about a world that is appreciably improved in many ways from what it was previously. We have invited a broad range of scholars to assess Sikkink\u2019s challenging claims." }, { "paper": "2891403578", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2019", "title": "awkward independents what are third party candidates doing on twitter", "label": [ "2780883770" ], "author": [ "2169950079", "2889728376", "2890092109", "2890258041", "2891804140" ], "reference": [ "1498473721", "1512244446", "1592015131", "1598102674", "1977406061", "1986316755", "2037481123", "2046195987", "2068221878", "2068642519", "2134151371", "2149106296", "2168239073", "2257959469", "2306858043", "2327250807", "2970019073", "3124920470" ], "abstract": "previous literature on partisan campaign behavior shows that third party candidates do not have the same presence online as major party candidates and these differences have been linked regularly to campaign finance twitter however has changed the online campaigning game because twitter essentially is free third party candidates can even the playing field with major party candidates who have more financial resources the question asked in this article is whether this is actually the case evans cordova and sipole 2014 showed that in 2012 third party candidates were less likely to have accounts on twitter however those who had accounts tweeted more often than major party candidates this article updates those findings to consider the behavior of third party candidates during the 2014 and 2016 congressional races using a dataset of all candidates for both the us house and the us senate we show that the gap has begun to close between major and minor party candidates on twitter third party candidates however continue to have a different way of communicating with their followers on twitter when compared to democrats and republicans", "title_raw": "Awkward Independents: What Are Third-Party Candidates Doing on Twitter?", "abstract_raw": "Previous literature on partisan campaign behavior shows that third-party candidates do not have the same presence online as major-party candidates, and these differences have been linked regularly to campaign finance. Twitter, however, has changed the online campaigning game. Because Twitter essentially is free, third-party candidates can even the playing field with major-party candidates who have more financial resources. The question asked in this article is whether this is actually the case. Evans, Cordova, and Sipole (2014) showed that in 2012, third-party candidates were less likely to have accounts on Twitter; however, those who had accounts tweeted more often than major party candidates. This article updates those findings to consider the behavior of third-party candidates during the 2014 and 2016 congressional races. Using a dataset of all candidates for both the US House and the US Senate, we show that the gap has begun to close between major- and minor-party candidates on Twitter. Third-party candidates, however, continue to have a different way of communicating with their followers on Twitter when compared to Democrats and Republicans." }, { "paper": "2951745010", "venue": "130750583", "year": "2019", "title": "weaponizing vulnerability to climate change", "label": [ "2778071103", "65117487" ], "author": [ "2567810945", "2557457866" ], "reference": [ "142140946", "183855669", "338913944", "1483083140", "1487367514", "1516696086", "1521103244", "1527311855", "1551067432", "1571748725", "1575088315", "1576632330", "1631718898", "1744625885", "1786309888", "1830390849", "1864153883", "1965444832", "1967885174", "1970389408", "1973827992", "1975044427", "1976094502", "1976119410", "1978466191", "1996012883", "1999554325", "2003710375", "2044401195", "2045440501", "2054824480", "2058159156", "2060855669", "2076641357", "2084285223", "2087316559", "2088809959", "2090976648", "2092854350", "2097009770", "2098617139", "2100490464", "2102049545", "2110896429", "2116292648", "2120012334", "2121708947", "2124472031", "2124952441", "2126527838", "2129264276", "2136934476", "2138991532", "2155059371", "2167549568", "2172698135", "2194578042", "2198302832", "2207831464", "2285821126", "2334710259", "2345806138", "2422655913", "2466285665", "2467453151", "2487876001", "2593285067", "2604191286", "2605444758", "2611147180", "2731853963", "2734973016", "2740308228", "2740898543", "2744443259", "2756047982", "2765367969", "2781478008", "2796274738", "2797791421", "2802507555", "2810653564", "2886984565", "2904110151", "3012111260", "3121875968", "3135497942" ], "abstract": "abstract as scores of climate change adaptation measures are implemented around the world there have been growing calls among academics and practitioners to also address the processes that underpin human vulnerability to climate change however there is mounting evidence that adaptation and vulnerability are linked such that ostensibly adaptive responses can have negative consequences and augment people s vulnerability we analyzed several climate change responses at various scales and developed a typology of five discrete but related modes by which the vulnerability of already vulnerable populations is being re produced crucially this work suggests that for at least one of these modes the vulnerability of other groups is perversely inverted such that relatively secure populations perceive themselves to be at risk the cases we present illustrate that people s vulnerability is being used against them or put another way is being weaponized exacerbating their precarity by excluding them from much needed and due assistance while directing resources instead to bolstering the well being of those already well positioned to respond to climate threats our typology provides a theoretical intervention by illustrating how climate vulnerability and security are co produced as well as a practical tool to help decision makers to adopt more just and equitable climate policies", "title_raw": "Weaponizing vulnerability to climate change", "abstract_raw": "Abstract As scores of climate change adaptation measures are implemented around the world, there have been growing calls among academics and practitioners to also address the processes that underpin human vulnerability to climate change. However, there is mounting evidence that adaptation and vulnerability are linked, such that ostensibly adaptive responses can have negative consequences and augment people\u2019s vulnerability. We analyzed several climate change responses at various scales and developed a typology of five discrete but related modes by which the vulnerability of already vulnerable populations is being [re]produced. Crucially, this work suggests that for at least one of these modes, the vulnerability of other groups is perversely inverted, such that relatively secure populations perceive themselves to be at risk. The cases we present illustrate that people\u2019s vulnerability is being used against them, or put another way, is being weaponized\u2015exacerbating their precarity by excluding them from much needed and due assistance, while directing resources instead to bolstering the well-being of those already well-positioned to respond to climate threats. Our typology provides a theoretical intervention by illustrating how climate vulnerability and security are co-produced, as well as a practical tool to help decision makers to adopt more just and equitable climate policies." }, { "paper": "2942894571", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2019", "title": "blood of the earth resource nationalism revolution and empire in bolivia", "label": [ "2779229598", "2778495208" ], "author": [ "2314632393" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Blood of the earth: resource nationalism, revolution, and empire in Bolivia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2905147254", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2019", "title": "international students steer clear of graduate programmes in the united states", "label": [ "2778173179", "111141941", "3116431", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2904045633" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "us immigration policies and stance might be deterring attendance us immigration policies and stance might be deterring attendance", "title_raw": "International students steer clear of graduate programmes in the United States", "abstract_raw": "US immigration policies and stance might be deterring attendance. US immigration policies and stance might be deterring attendance." }, { "paper": "2922135561", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2019", "title": "good news for democracy", "label": [ "555826173", "2779473830", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2602985398" ], "reference": [ "2045672904", "2123786168", "2604345719", "2895357632", "2921373492", "3023503649" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Good news for democracy.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2948342455", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2019", "title": "mapping of sustainability policies and initiatives in higher education institutes", "label": [ "2780510313", "2775977231", "39549134", "2781400479", "120912362", "552854447" ], "author": [ "2911369383", "2912362384", "2057944636", "2158647701" ], "reference": [ "137236440", "1130249122", "1973718260", "1986220666", "2000872253", "2025352501", "2035307867", "2062321562", "2073796776", "2099578514", "2114498070", "2115706313", "2124436231", "2127257936", "2308006163", "2473861143", "2476455654", "2483560608", "2493292743", "2507303536", "2526227749", "2548020913", "2576729742", "2576984910", "2587802453", "2732818708", "2751988423", "2761524075", "2764100429", "2767418319", "2791845916" ], "abstract": "abstract higher education institutes are being called upon to integrate sustainable development into their organisation driven by national and international events policies and environmental targets this paper maps sustainability policies and initiatives of a select number of irish and international higher education institutes exploring their integration of sustainability on campus testing of new ideas and technologies and the amplification of lessons learned within society and economy it provides a comparison of irish higher education institutes with international examples sixteen case studies were selected seven from ireland and nine international a literature review was conducted with a focus on papers that dealt explicitly with sustainability education and outreach three site visits of higher education institution campuses took place as did interviews with energy and transport managers and academics of each institute the results show the integration of sustainable development into higher education institutes follows no standard approach with the number of initiatives for sustainability outweighing the number of strategies and policies presenting a general bottom up process overall higher education institutes lack a systemic approach the majority of initiatives focus oncampus actions with outreach neglected higher education institutes represent significant resources in implementing sustainable development to maximise their potential a mixture of top down and bottom up processes are necessary with management support essential if sustainable development is to survive in the long term and for lessons learned to be successfully amplified to wider society and economy and assist in meeting national and international environmental targets", "title_raw": "Mapping of sustainability policies and initiatives in higher education institutes", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Higher Education Institutes are being called upon to integrate sustainable development into their organisation, driven by national and international events, policies and environmental targets. This paper maps sustainability policies and initiatives of a select number of Irish and international Higher Education Institutes, exploring their integration of sustainability on-campus, testing of new ideas and technologies, and the amplification of lessons learned within society and economy. It provides a comparison of Irish Higher Education Institutes with international examples. Sixteen case studies were selected; seven from Ireland and nine international. A literature review was conducted with a focus on papers that dealt explicitly with sustainability education and outreach. Three site visits of Higher Education Institution campuses took place, as did interviews with energy and transport managers and academics of each institute. The results show the integration of sustainable development into Higher Education Institutes follows no standard approach, with the number of initiatives for sustainability outweighing the number of strategies and policies, presenting a general bottom-up process. Overall, Higher Education Institutes lack a systemic approach. The majority of initiatives focus oncampus actions, with outreach neglected. Higher Education Institutes represent significant resources in implementing sustainable development. To maximise their potential a mixture of top-down and bottom-up processes are necessary, with management support essential if sustainable development is to survive in the long-term, and for lessons learned to be successfully amplified to wider society and economy and assist in meeting national and international environmental targets." }, { "paper": "2971795310", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2019", "title": "differentiated dis integration in practice the diplomacy of brexit and the low politics of high politics", "label": [ "2781226091", "557252395", "94625758", "2777995107", "549326192" ], "author": [ "2653834660", "74855757" ], "reference": [ "49595752", "634766325", "1603485535", "1910523325", "1964028987", "1974114670", "1977099772", "1987041206", "2016120540", "2021524680", "2032117060", "2068941939", "2104733963", "2138093908", "2139389158", "2182112416", "2316551776", "2416521467", "2559770450", "2624992577", "2752408756", "2885851079", "2891283875", "2893994872", "2901334567", "2904121940", "3125558604", "3126349953" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Differentiated (dis)integration in practice: The diplomacy of Brexit and the \u201clow\u201d politics of \u201chigh\u201d politics", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2904135644", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2019", "title": "self responsibility readdressed shifts in financial responsibility for social security between the public realm the individual and the family in europe", "label": [ "19159745", "2777671340", "129603779", "2778757428", "2777111884" ], "author": [ "2920094924", "2410767945" ], "reference": [ "1481408533", "1550005800", "1852472711", "1926672952", "1980537122", "2056104262", "2066662503", "2066705955", "2082308168", "2122717937", "2150898919", "2167846153", "2188302417", "2315429389", "2321829147", "2460158235", "2487247300", "2497943051", "2504021214", "2606519173", "2618470167", "2794434692" ], "abstract": "self responsibility is a prominent keyword in social policy and in welfare state reforms the concept of self responsibility though has never been clearly dissected for welfare state analysis in", "title_raw": "Self-Responsibility Readdressed: Shifts in Financial Responsibility for Social Security Between the Public Realm, the Individual, and the Family in Europe:", "abstract_raw": "Self-responsibility is a prominent keyword in social policy and in welfare state reforms. The concept of self-responsibility, though, has never been clearly dissected for welfare state analysis. In..." }, { "paper": "2934368799", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2019", "title": "future reserves 2020 the british army and the politics of military innovation during the cameron era", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2552707499", "2319503343" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Future Reserves 2020, the British Army and the politics of military innovation during the Cameron era", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2991721697", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2019", "title": "citizens in motion emigration immigration and re migration across china s borders by elaine lynn ee ho stanford calif stanford university press 2019 xiv 162 pp isbn 9781503606661 cloth", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "3204928549" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Citizens in Motion: Emigration, Immigration, and Re-migration across China's Borders. By Elaine Lynn-Ee Ho. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2019. xiv, 162 pp. ISBN: 9781503606661 (cloth).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2917472323", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2019", "title": "palestinian refugee women and the jenin refugee camp reflections on urbicide and the dilemmas of home in exile", "label": [ "173145845" ], "author": [ "2335826599", "3131138931", "2916011540" ], "reference": [ "172957396", "1562083836", "1600228954", "1627557724", "1968851293", "1969273278", "1992322267", "2011840071", "2105136533", "2126496809", "2152538776", "2164348864", "2476948690", "2523302754", "2560960138", "3143189805" ], "abstract": "in march 2002 the israeli military launched its most lethal attack on the west bank since 1967 in the jenin refugee camp the assault included the deliberate destruction of homes and infrastructu", "title_raw": "Palestinian refugee women and the Jenin refugee camp: Reflections on urbicide and the dilemmas of home in exile:", "abstract_raw": "In March 2002, the Israeli military launched its most lethal attack on the West Bank since 1967. In the Jenin refugee camp, the assault included the deliberate destruction of homes and infrastructu..." }, { "paper": "2762547388", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2019", "title": "domestic terrorism in democratic states understanding and addressing minority grievances", "label": [ "2777162435", "555826173", "2777672627", "199539241", "2776596443", "2776847301" ], "author": [ "2095943980", "2656739337", "2160474259" ], "reference": [ "1488792876", "1524734686", "1539795031", "1967196809", "1968452906", "1975117299", "1993672416", "1994556694", "2000770567", "2004762468", "2006919816", "2007593638", "2012953914", "2015780861", "2016146684", "2016604786", "2018097747", "2019176210", "2020003754", "2025900152", "2028338468", "2033283737", "2034614426", "2061988987", "2063829818", "2073493950", "2074064000", "2074723921", "2076614180", "2086895742", "2098730430", "2106733381", "2108378466", "2109944962", "2110488634", "2116589101", "2119168393", "2119997724", "2125722625", "2126006962", "2131648635", "2132509947", "2135035101", "2137002389", "2142013610", "2142058045", "2144474754", "2144901745", "2149391066", "2149758946", "2154256011", "2156145052", "2159169932", "2168649676", "2169857208", "2170398883", "2171224577", "2229216438", "2320964438", "2323639405", "2345724831", "2489165867", "3121778632", "3121785357", "3121914188", "3122430147", "3122881352", "3122986715" ], "abstract": "scholars continue to disagree on the relationship between regime type and political violence perhaps because the empirical evidence remains contradictory to date most studies generally explore t", "title_raw": "Domestic Terrorism in Democratic States: Understanding and Addressing Minority Grievances:", "abstract_raw": "Scholars continue to disagree on the relationship between regime type and political violence, perhaps because the empirical evidence remains contradictory. To date, most studies generally explore t..." }, { "paper": "2971035701", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2019", "title": "medical schools should ensure and improve global health education", "label": [ "46578552" ], "author": [ "3003645494", "2970830564", "2164418878" ], "reference": [ "2011547310", "2773912541", "2914333086" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Medical schools should ensure and improve global health education.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2903732388", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2019", "title": "promise and paradox of metropolitan regional climate adaptation", "label": [ "148834064", "25287524" ], "author": [ "2271123756" ], "reference": [ "58350707", "581441236", "1510675464", "1585283437", "1605824561", "1749602744", "1918084304", "1976663647", "1979088602", "2000031723", "2004113883", "2004184632", "2004766298", "2022781540", "2053119383", "2065991268", "2078778096", "2086386232", "2087830272", "2098733976", "2112757448", "2113097858", "2114322028", "2116272114", "2121427997", "2122445336", "2138583215", "2144836006", "2155247473", "2158891093", "2170589321", "2201794131", "2239442166", "2304175625", "2316780407", "2324459375", "2335552813", "2343531049", "2360744658", "2471630348", "2506527599", "2796274738", "2802734836", "2899034058", "3124889760" ], "abstract": "abstract over the past decade regions worldwide have developed initiatives to tackle climate change adaptation at the metropolitan scale faced with barriers to adaptation planning and implementation at the local level growing numbers of practitioners have turned to the metropolitan region as a new scalar platform for climate adaptation planning this study examines regional adaptation planning in los angeles miami and boston three metropolitan areas that have significant exposure to the impacts of climate change and typify the high levels of administrative fragmentation found in the united states i ask what regional adaptation strategies have they deployed what local adaptation challenges do they try to overcome given their progress what are the implications for this scale of adaptation planning drawing on case studies of these efforts i find that regional collaborations promisingly get more cities to start planning for the impacts of climate change even in states where governments oppose climate action by increasing access to information providing opportunities for networking and technical assistance helping secure additional funding and strengthening coordination among vertical levels of government however local centric regional adaptation efforts have had less success in addressing horizontal coordination challenges across municipalities particularly as they relate to land use planning fiscal constraints spillovers effects and social equity these findings suggest that scaling up adaptation to the metropolitan region is no panacea for overcoming structural limits to local adaptation in places with weak regional governance institutions more critical and reflexive regional adaptation planning can help pave the way to difficult conversations around regional institution building so that governance at this scale can achieve its promise of producing more effective and equitable adaptation", "title_raw": "Promise and paradox of metropolitan regional climate adaptation", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Over the past decade, regions worldwide have developed initiatives to tackle climate change adaptation at the metropolitan scale. Faced with barriers to adaptation planning and implementation at the local level, growing numbers of practitioners have turned to the metropolitan region as a new scalar platform for climate adaptation planning. This study examines regional adaptation planning in Los Angeles, Miami, and Boston, three metropolitan areas that have significant exposure to the impacts of climate change and typify the high levels of administrative fragmentation found in the United States. I ask, what regional adaptation strategies have they deployed? What local adaptation challenges do they try to overcome? Given their progress, what are the implications for this scale of adaptation planning? Drawing on case studies of these efforts, I find that regional collaborations promisingly get more cities to start planning for the impacts of climate change, even in states where governments oppose climate action, by increasing access to information, providing opportunities for networking and technical assistance, helping secure additional funding, and strengthening coordination among vertical levels of government. However, local-centric regional adaptation efforts have had less success in addressing horizontal coordination challenges across municipalities, particularly as they relate to land use planning, fiscal constraints, spillovers effects, and social equity. These findings suggest that scaling up adaptation to the metropolitan region is no panacea for overcoming structural limits to local adaptation in places with weak regional governance institutions. More critical and reflexive regional adaptation planning can help pave the way to difficult conversations around regional institution building so that governance at this scale can achieve its promise of producing more effective and equitable adaptation." }, { "paper": "2901559794", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2019", "title": "theorizing the judicialization of international relations", "label": [ "83009810", "34355311", "94625758", "2780838233", "86532276", "2776051254", "48764862" ], "author": [ "2018373502", "2210283206", "1943346517" ], "reference": [ "37450411", "59334653", "69099025", "146570781", "149816874", "289264848", "427642222", "579358831", "588272873", "596996414", "755042188", "1131749671", "1497130442", "1504789208", "1506749502", "1508716805", "1518381671", "1527524286", "1529223067", "1535676941", "1547543788", "1549321456", "1557730782", "1591456440", "1591992495", "1929991213", "1965334266", "1984738332", "1990979430", "2002065917", "2003573179", "2004261792", "2006552572", "2026870787", "2029934916", "2030796074", "2035833723", "2043938902", "2072877485", "2082484556", "2098005209", "2098643848", "2100842914", "2104251546", "2106181696", "2110088241", "2119123462", "2124651012", "2126653624", "2130038622", "2132137057", "2132938639", "2133087695", "2133400069", "2139100182", "2145107797", "2146143796", "2153504533", "2157253041", "2160494265", "2160782897", "2162724151", "2169176227", "2320824884", "2322052944", "2417541915", "2462940362", "2475644300", "2476118068", "2483444879", "2488251436", "2566233932", "2600913311", "2606328012", "2606744425", "2626171696", "2727688094", "2736643333", "2766149814", "2766150710", "2801840577", "2809041783", "2889551085", "2890020836", "2891212480", "2903437373", "2945249665", "2947478620", "2970206341", "2970235427", "2970626956", "3018572229", "3121593869", "3122009225", "3122183122", "3122251348", "3122419738", "3122432268", "3122614881", "3122624685", "3122660584", "3122746206", "3123150742", "3123430807", "3123580265", "3123737569", "3123738432", "3123943566", "3124348930", "3124412346", "3124438947", "3124481022", "3124498111", "3124577178", "3124844996", "3124903755", "3125067563", "3125090321", "3125199261", "3125277414", "3126109283", "3126135286", "3146926896", "3149004526" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Theorizing the Judicialization of International Relations", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2903546668", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2019", "title": "external territorial threats and military regimes", "label": [ "2778227311", "48327123", "68346564", "2778880830" ], "author": [ "2744558108" ], "reference": [ "1535090627", "1964470505", "1986169483", "1988132371", "1988922041", "2004711422", "2010694081", "2019618593", "2021613651", "2022076934", "2029505196", "2056946959", "2064201228", "2067369851", "2073493950", "2083073873", "2086257211", "2105102857", "2106946216", "2108904911", "2112044344", "2129339649", "2131380712", "2145092291", "2145293964", "2150453489", "2154979475", "2160446276", "2161551111", "2266092281", "2331945130", "2541285409", "2555559755", "2584558150", "2594373265", "2600505558", "2802712898", "3125638373", "3155223420" ], "abstract": "this study argues that sustained threats to homeland territory create an environment conducive to the presence of military regimes territorial threats lead to increased levels of militarization an", "title_raw": "External Territorial Threats and Military Regimes", "abstract_raw": "This study argues that sustained threats to homeland territory create an environment conducive to the presence of military regimes. Territorial threats lead to increased levels of militarization an..." }, { "paper": "2958950442", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2019", "title": "the diplomatic presentation of the state in international crises diplomatic collaboration during the us iran hostage crisis", "label": [ "2776063143", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2565387400" ], "reference": [ "225702433", "247532030", "409934522", "419214859", "564887155", "609781688", "1513993581", "1518190431", "1521238622", "1589126935", "1605794050", "1963991765", "1977649437", "1978918752", "1987016939", "2007512015", "2011771838", "2018108987", "2020604396", "2041069326", "2044950274", "2047156377", "2056370346", "2057152019", "2060396456", "2064279229", "2066408431", "2066864425", "2089759284", "2090960215", "2092386195", "2095633736", "2102099651", "2108378466", "2109150364", "2109312871", "2116268445", "2121654949", "2133685950", "2138703409", "2138752104", "2142649016", "2148167846", "2149361618", "2153031274", "2155760311", "2158659525", "2162358595", "2162658358", "2167928095", "2171965801", "2179058078", "2250886915", "2255458947", "2274402220", "2314691224", "2315969715", "2321003756", "2336796845", "2338200726", "2346192566", "2373339788", "2419229798", "2433469757", "2613300413", "2734535202", "2801679732", "2912712936", "2999258273", "3121163906" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Diplomatic Presentation of the State in International Crises: Diplomatic Collaboration during the US-Iran Hostage Crisis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2944316349", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2019", "title": "lawyering an uncertain cause immigration advocacy and chinese youth in the u s by michele statz nashville vanderbilt university press 2018 xv 235 pp", "label": [ "70036468" ], "author": [ "2150928404" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Lawyering an Uncertain Cause: Immigration Advocacy and Chinese Youth in the U.S. By Michele Statz. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2018. xv, 235 pp.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2893778653", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2019", "title": "from recipients of aid to shapers of policies conceptualizing government united nations relations during the syrian refugee crisis in lebanon", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "820104999", "2892550091" ], "reference": [ "30208687", "100004006", "376376026", "378722381", "563699210", "1842911996", "1964913103", "1972660749", "1986118184", "2005944238", "2018578242", "2031913709", "2070761252", "2078057587", "2141484098", "2142601474", "2168126284", "2226168703", "2277789466", "2280602788", "2521203565", "2535254585", "2561195546", "2607714941", "2764337896", "2765265056", "2793122788", "3124210252", "3149883598" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "From Recipients of Aid to Shapers of Policies: Conceptualizing Government\u2013United Nations Relations during the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Lebanon", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2911964071", "venue": "193575162", "year": "2019", "title": "from an outside group to a catalyst for corporate change examining activists legitimation strategies", "label": [ "2776845398", "46295352", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2735264159" ], "reference": [ "1502035932", "1552928656", "1569268909", "1600477442", "1607073065", "1667531212", "1971048822", "1979895396", "1980533987", "1988985571", "1992866337", "1993099862", "1993780805", "1998511687", "2001886507", "2007926679", "2022447823", "2023667622", "2024573942", "2032083165", "2037395059", "2040677280", "2048752781", "2051002752", "2055541284", "2056285348", "2059062152", "2069351114", "2070032555", "2076521759", "2090656158", "2095484951", "2100877102", "2101167348", "2133183576", "2134310663", "2142225512", "2149010029", "2149358269", "2153490803", "2155786808", "2156843631", "2158383729", "2162173329", "2253194611", "2254580187", "2262876838", "2463221555", "2480742641", "2802021300", "2803017188", "2915021946", "3202075745" ], "abstract": "abstract activist organizations use issues management when pressuring corporations to alter practices and policies that these groups find problematic throughout this process activists must establish legitimacy for their issue concerns organizations and proposed solutions to gain public support for their activities this study qualitatively analyzes the communication practices of 21 activist organizations to understand the strategies that these unique groups harness as they seek to build legitimacy as part of the issues management process the findings contribute to a growing body of public relations research on activist communication by introducing a new legitimation strategy that underscores the importance of ongoing issues monitoring for activists and illustrates how activist organizations can co opt extant narratives to build legitimacy for their existing issue arguments", "title_raw": "From an \u201coutside group\u201d to a catalyst for corporate change: Examining activists\u2019 legitimation strategies", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Activist organizations use issues management when pressuring corporations to alter practices and policies that these groups find problematic. Throughout this process, activists must establish legitimacy for their issue concerns, organizations, and proposed solutions to gain public support for their activities. This study qualitatively analyzes the communication practices of 21 activist organizations to understand the strategies that these unique groups harness as they seek to build legitimacy as part of the issues management process. The findings contribute to a growing body of public relations research on activist communication by introducing a new legitimation strategy that underscores the importance of ongoing issues monitoring for activists and illustrates how activist organizations can co-opt extant narratives to build legitimacy for their existing issue arguments." }, { "paper": "2940601073", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2019", "title": "inequality and discrimination in access to urgent care in france ethnographies of three healthcare structures and their audiences", "label": [ "175576395", "160735492", "39549134", "2778071103", "2778757428" ], "author": [ "2941659621" ], "reference": [ "616997402", "1510328919", "1518349296", "1975049040", "2012808257", "2022731453", "2033969109", "2034526298", "2056248236", "2071138696", "2095527463", "2125451081", "2242601914", "2487503632", "2502087741", "2507873418", "2508037401", "2508223490", "2601027789", "2793313940", "2898040950", "2943838155", "2994949037", "3114157689" ], "abstract": "abstract in the social imagination there is no wait for a so called medical emergency because it seems obvious to everyone that saving lives is not up for discussion in the context of such social consensus it is unthinkable to question access to emergency healthcare through the prism of discrimination and social inequality yet these social representations of emergency do not withstand ethnographic inquiry several years spent behind the scenes in this world revealed that there do in fact exist social selection practices in the realm of emergency care in france more specifically this study shows that medical interests and the interests of both public and private institutions have led to the production of socially differentiated pathways of access to emergency care the first pathway is through private for profit clinics the second is through public hospitals a third occurs by bypassing the emergency department and a final one groups the non governmental social and health assistance structures in this article we discuss the specific mechanisms they have for selecting patients and show how the organization of emergency care in france contributes to reproducing or even aggravating inequalities in health and access to healthcare", "title_raw": "Inequality and discrimination in access to urgent care in France Ethnographies of three healthcare structures and their audiences", "abstract_raw": "Abstract In the social imagination, there is no wait for a so-called \u201cmedical emergency,\u201d because it seems obvious to everyone that \u201csaving lives\u201d is not up for discussion. In the context of such social consensus, it is unthinkable to question access to emergency healthcare through the prism of discrimination and social inequality. Yet these social representations of emergency do not withstand ethnographic inquiry. Several years spent behind the scenes in this world revealed that there do in fact exist social selection practices in the realm of emergency care in France. More specifically, this study shows that medical interests and the interests of both public and private institutions have led to the production of socially differentiated pathways of access to emergency care. The first pathway is through private, for-profit clinics, the second is through public hospitals, a third occurs by \u201cbypassing\u201d the emergency department, and a final one groups the non-governmental social and health assistance structures. In this article, we discuss the specific mechanisms they have for selecting patients, and show how the organization of emergency care in France contributes to reproducing or even aggravating inequalities in health and access to healthcare." }, { "paper": "2897738685", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2019", "title": "efficacy and the reproduction of political activism evidence from the broad front in uruguay", "label": [ "2781334022", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2897533207", "2494452409", "2708624551" ], "reference": [ "625224592", "817272964", "1516681927", "1582751530", "1591588631", "1594804636", "1971145596", "1981357072", "2018972251", "2027530221", "2029195755", "2053862697", "2063150026", "2109477051", "2110279815", "2110450017", "2122765552", "2133204953", "2469093563", "2472534474", "2487130496", "2531121890", "2619244942", "2919078065", "3122764029" ], "abstract": "the professionalization of politics and the disappearance of party organizations based on activists seems an inescapable trend this article shows by studying the broad front of uruguay as a devia", "title_raw": "Efficacy and the Reproduction of Political Activism: Evidence From the Broad Front in Uruguay:", "abstract_raw": "The professionalization of politics and the disappearance of party organizations based on activists seems an inescapable trend. This article shows, by studying the Broad Front of Uruguay as a devia..." }, { "paper": "2918572837", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2019", "title": "mapping cultural tightness and its links to innovation urbanization and happiness across 31 provinces in china", "label": [ "2778999518", "191935318", "11012388" ], "author": [ "2135369154", "2299919443", "3180673228" ], "reference": [ "561229196", "614952511", "1577726433", "1990470606", "1994356057", "2008656761", "2032882307", "2035525135", "2080477498", "2081228936", "2097780989", "2098383675", "2125863022", "2148128846", "2148882560", "2161291053", "2161411308", "2182305991", "2289312534", "2600369871", "3015078237", "3123271426", "3123284931", "3124296889" ], "abstract": "we conduct a 3 y study involving 11 662 respondents to map cultural tightness the degree to which a society is characterized by rules and norms and the extent to which people are punished or sanctioned when they deviate from these rules and norms across 31 provinces in china consistent with prior research we find that culturally tight provinces are associated with increased governmental control constraints in daily life religious practices and exposure to threats departing from previous findings that tighter states are more rural conservative less creative and less happy cultural tightness in china is associated with urbanization economic growth better health greater tolerance toward the lgbt lesbian gay bisexual and transgender community and gender equality further analyzing about 3 85 million granted patents in china 1990 2013 we find that provinces with tighter cultures have lower rates of substantive radical innovations yet higher rates of incremental innovations individuals from culturally tighter provinces reported higher levels of experienced happiness", "title_raw": "Mapping cultural tightness and its links to innovation, urbanization, and happiness across 31 provinces in China.", "abstract_raw": "We conduct a 3-y study involving 11,662 respondents to map cultural tightness-the degree to which a society is characterized by rules and norms and the extent to which people are punished or sanctioned when they deviate from these rules and norms-across 31 provinces in China. Consistent with prior research, we find that culturally tight provinces are associated with increased governmental control, constraints in daily life, religious practices, and exposure to threats. Departing from previous findings that tighter states are more rural, conservative, less creative, and less happy, cultural tightness in China is associated with urbanization, economic growth, better health, greater tolerance toward the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community, and gender equality. Further, analyzing about 3.85 million granted patents in China (1990-2013), we find that provinces with tighter cultures have lower rates of substantive/radical innovations yet higher rates of incremental innovations; individuals from culturally tighter provinces reported higher levels of experienced happiness." }, { "paper": "2900188633", "venue": "51885707", "year": "2019", "title": "sustainable tourism and social value at world heritage sites towards a conservation plan for altamira spain", "label": [ "44725695", "2776424047", "93371752", "60671577", "2778734068", "18918823" ], "author": [ "2762464901", "2787249910" ], "reference": [ "1564042472", "1566447278", "1575192817", "1628912588", "1899957293", "1970371806", "1983311213", "1985999695", "1999706509", "2000091103", "2002826570", "2006678826", "2023543923", "2037993760", "2055936202", "2071969172", "2073782459", "2080970218", "2084662872", "2095451888", "2105729222", "2126334140", "2128894402", "2153371394", "2163818467", "2164276724", "2204265562", "2208624217", "2325054061", "2328296337", "2469902004", "2567889095", "2576394262", "2601938585", "2625236338", "2628699145", "2748119497", "2749095042", "2760016628", "2763379217", "2787346271", "2793629723", "2921877477", "2995534748" ], "abstract": "abstract this study aims to identify the factors that constitute the social value of heritage in relation to sustainable tourism to do so this paper provides a theoretical contribution by unifying the fields of heritage management and sustainable tourism through a mixed method approach it showcases the social dimension of the world heritage site of altamira spain combining qualitative and quantitative techniques research findings provide information about the multiple factors determining the social value of heritage namely existential aesthetic economic and legacy values and the risks associated with underestimating the contemporary social value ultimately this research paves the way for improving normative approaches toward sustainable tourism and offers practical solutions to the challenges faced by the altamira and other world heritage sites", "title_raw": "Sustainable tourism and social value at World Heritage Sites: Towards a conservation plan for Altamira, Spain", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This study aims to identify the factors that constitute the social value of heritage in relation to sustainable tourism. To do so, this paper provides a theoretical contribution by unifying the fields of heritage management and sustainable tourism through a mixed-method approach. It showcases the social dimension of the World Heritage Site of Altamira, Spain, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. Research findings provide information about the multiple factors determining the social value of heritage, namely: existential, aesthetic, economic, and legacy values and the risks associated with underestimating the contemporary social value. Ultimately, this research paves the way for improving normative approaches toward sustainable tourism and, offers practical solutions to the challenges faced by the Altamira and other World Heritage Sites." }, { "paper": "2913861705", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2019", "title": "when soldiers rebel by kristen a harkness", "label": [ "2776398702", "137403100", "135544838", "17058734" ], "author": [ "2807728435" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "when do soldiers rebel along ethnic lines in the context of decolonization and democratization against the state kristen h harkness new book takes a fresh look at the causes and dynamics of mili", "title_raw": "When soldiers rebel, by Kristen A. Harkness", "abstract_raw": "When do soldiers rebel along ethnic lines in the context of decolonization and democratization against the state? Kristen H. Harkness' new book takes a fresh look at the causes and dynamics of mili..." }, { "paper": "2986695754", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2019", "title": "the supplemental nutrition assistance program snap history politics and public health implications", "label": [ "3116431", "94625758", "100243477", "152192407", "189326681", "148834064" ], "author": [ "9739397" ], "reference": [ "1497812076", "1506267240", "1974218364", "2998959314" ], "abstract": "this commentary introduces a special section of ajph on the supplemental nutrition assistance program snap the us government s largest antihunger program and third largest antipoverty program snap demonstrably lifts adults children and families out of poverty thereby constituting a vital component of this nation s public health safety net despite its well documented benefits snap is under political and budgetary siege mainly from congressional representatives and lobbying groups opposed to a federal role in welfare in part snap is protected from total annihilation by its unusual authorizing legislation the farm bill this commentary provides a brief overview of the political history of snap and its farm bill location as background to the deeper analyses provided in this series of articles", "title_raw": "The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): History, Politics, and Public Health Implications.", "abstract_raw": "This commentary introduces a special section of AJPH on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the US government's largest antihunger program and third-largest antipoverty program. SNAP demonstrably lifts adults, children, and families out of poverty, thereby constituting a vital component of this nation's public health safety net.Despite its well-documented benefits, SNAP is under political and budgetary siege, mainly from congressional representatives and lobbying groups opposed to a federal role in welfare. In part, SNAP is protected from total annihilation by its unusual authorizing legislation-the Farm Bill.This commentary provides a brief overview of the political history of SNAP and its Farm Bill location as background to the deeper analyses provided in this series of articles." }, { "paper": "2796445780", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2019", "title": "regional migration governance building block of global initiatives", "label": [ "549326192" ], "author": [ "6981178" ], "reference": [ "245722807", "1524865365", "1566355430", "1781922452", "1835509037", "1993889716", "1996225215", "2006983775", "2035198716", "2051304537", "2066513806", "2085567903", "2092842937", "2102390548", "2124596187", "2131379390", "2156112314", "2160613691", "2247632055", "2496870214", "2545676558", "2597154799", "2792673289", "2795392870", "2795647396", "2795827407", "2796334761", "2797773893", "2803669377", "2809426835", "2921787812", "3121299265", "3124903755", "3125774855" ], "abstract": "regional institutions addressing mobility asylum migrant rights or migration control have proliferated all over the world and occupy an important space in recent un initiatives to boost global co", "title_raw": "Regional migration governance \u2013 building block of global initiatives?", "abstract_raw": "Regional institutions addressing mobility, asylum, migrant rights or migration control have proliferated all over the world and occupy an important space in recent UN initiatives to boost global co..." }, { "paper": "2972038236", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2019", "title": "china s economic diplomacy in central and eastern europe a case of offensive mercantilism", "label": [ "2780652622", "97369593", "191935318", "3020650785" ], "author": [ "2522282749" ], "reference": [ "95704776", "432254183", "645434822", "1498842964", "1506030884", "1972922514", "1975591820", "1997724873", "2025962218", "2026115640", "2042601705", "2057311596", "2084942979", "2085491161", "2089486804", "2097068909", "2114922498", "2115045552", "2121790979", "2128763059", "2141802136", "2151405173", "2155205870", "2155424107", "2160979062", "2166735555", "2169984952", "2277723038", "2309677236", "2326783347", "2407940037", "2462540925", "2494691878", "2507282383", "2515844913", "2522479959", "2522684118", "2525736395", "2599455949", "2610722392", "2621372266", "2765961409", "2770929830", "2787977444", "2791090192", "2792757759", "2796796947", "2797104363", "2800195078", "2802029111", "2803196138", "2803522709", "2894435666", "2967726594", "3042511415" ], "abstract": "since china launched the 16 1 forum for meetings with central and eastern european cee countries in 2012 european observers have struggled to understand the chinese approach in contrast to it", "title_raw": "China\u2019s Economic Diplomacy in Central and Eastern Europe: A Case of Offensive Mercantilism?", "abstract_raw": "Since China launched the 16\u2009+\u20091 forum for meetings with Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries in 2012, European observers have struggled to understand the Chinese approach. In contrast to it..." }, { "paper": "2980704537", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2019", "title": "scientific integrity bill advances in u s house with bipartisan support", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Scientific integrity bill advances in U.S. House with bipartisan support", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2922501107", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2019", "title": "the legitimation of extrajudicial violence in an urban community", "label": [ "2776845398" ], "author": [ "2921855030" ], "reference": [ "123680572", "222997118", "230531521", "570131361", "575216521", "623419929", "646138722", "651728813", "1576112670", "1863282985", "1965783200", "1978213954", "1991829326", "2006269938", "2033285394", "2040162670", "2043728928", "2057961096", "2058400090", "2058726690", "2066486940", "2086963908", "2090879899", "2107517422", "2116941913", "2125033611", "2129533398", "2137239789", "2144548174", "2151590040", "2170867837", "2267628064", "2267632560", "2285332636", "2329923302", "2394526537", "2410952770", "2420969099", "2476636796", "2490080684", "2491000772", "2506178028", "2521629393", "2531179112", "2565241072", "2571670215", "2576965026", "2789004051", "2799008367", "2892989148", "2938154604", "2999556362", "3013309827", "3122036211", "3155223420" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Legitimation of Extrajudicial Violence in an Urban Community", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2910108983", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2019", "title": "book review new islamist architecture and urbanism negotiating nation and islam through built environment in turkey", "label": [ "199776023" ], "author": [ "2904797391" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book review: New Islamist Architecture and Urbanism: Negotiating Nation and Islam Through Built Environment in Turkey", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2802271972", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2019", "title": "decomposing legal personhood", "label": [ "2776211767", "2777834853", "2777266375", "2779971774", "2778272461", "548836952", "521078695", "119232533" ], "author": [ "2315935560" ], "reference": [ "35157230", "1528305927", "1533908468", "1577305080", "1591422284", "1632781749", "1966340639", "1973479863", "1994017919", "2039189952", "2091149637", "2092658469", "2331510717", "2499254958", "2506360134" ], "abstract": "the claim that corporations are not people is perhaps the most frequently voiced criticism of the united states supreme court decision citizens united v federal election commission there is something obviously correct about this claim while the nature and extent of obligations with respect to group agents like corporations and labor unions is far from clear it is manifest in moral understanding and deeply embedded in legal practice that there is no general requirement to treat them like natural persons group agents may be denied rights to marry vote or run for public office more generally the need to guard against discrimination the core injustice in racism and sexism has no direct application to the case of group agents there is also something obviously incorrect about the claim that corporations are not people the legal practice of treating some group agents as persons under law is ancient found already in roman law at the time of justinian in this essay i propose that reflection on this tension reveals that fundamental revision to the doctrine of legal personhood is needed more specifically i propose that legal personhood be decomposed into at least two elements standing and liability and that legal systems reject the principle that an entity possesses one just in case it possesses the other the import of this change ramifies broadly decomposing legal personhood not only enables a satisfactory account of the status of corporations and labor unions who as such have liability but not standing it also enables a satisfactory account of the status of those who as such have standing but not liability severely mentally disabled persons very young children including fetuses and non human animals with phenomenal consciousness but lacking capacities to understand reasons and justifications", "title_raw": "Decomposing Legal Personhood", "abstract_raw": "The claim that corporations are not people is perhaps the most frequently voiced criticism of the United States Supreme Court decision Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. There is something obviously correct about this claim. While the nature and extent of obligations with respect to group agents like corporations and labor unions is far from clear, it is manifest in moral understanding and deeply embedded in legal practice that there is no general requirement to treat them like natural persons. Group agents may be denied rights to marry, vote, or run for public office. More generally the need to guard against discrimination, the core injustice in racism and sexism, has no direct application to the case of group agents. There is also something obviously incorrect about the claim that corporations are not people. The legal practice of treating some group agents as persons under law is ancient, found already in Roman law at the time of Justinian. In this essay I propose that reflection on this tension reveals that fundamental revision to the doctrine of legal personhood is needed. More specifically I propose that legal personhood be decomposed into at least two elements\u2014standing and liability\u2014and that legal systems reject the principle that an entity possesses one just in case it possesses the other. The import of this change ramifies broadly. Decomposing legal personhood not only enables a satisfactory account of the status of corporations and labor unions, who as such have liability but not standing, it also enables a satisfactory account of the status of those who as such have standing but not liability: severely mentally disabled persons, very young children (including fetuses), and non-human animals with phenomenal consciousness but lacking capacities to understand reasons and justifications." }, { "paper": "2922992030", "venue": "86954274", "year": "2019", "title": "curb your enthusiasm middle power liberal internationalism and the future of the united nations", "label": [ "2777998363", "2780541349", "2775995803" ], "author": [ "2149700326" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the future looks post western but will it also be post liberal to gauge how and by whom liberal internationalism may be sustained in the coming order the article provides a critical and historic", "title_raw": "Curb your enthusiasm: Middle-power liberal internationalism and the future of the United Nations:", "abstract_raw": "The future looks post-Western. But will it also be post-liberal? To gauge how and by whom liberal internationalism may be sustained in the coming order, the article provides a critical and historic..." }, { "paper": "2914566403", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2019", "title": "deterrence and arms control", "label": [ "60643870", "538168058" ], "author": [ "2157075440" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the brink president reagan and the nuclear war scare of 1983marc ambinder new york simon schuster 2018 27 00 364 pp the control agenda a history of the strategic arms limitation talksmatt", "title_raw": "Deterrence and Arms Control", "abstract_raw": "The Brink: President Reagan and the Nuclear War Scare of 1983Marc Ambinder. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018. $27.00. 364 pp.The Control Agenda: A History of the Strategic Arms Limitation TalksMatt..." }, { "paper": "2921215136", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2019", "title": "who is changing its dna in bid to meet new goals", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2051230893" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the world health organization9s who9s director general tedros adhanom ghebreyesus has unveiled a series of reforms that he said would amount to changing the dna of the organization in a speech given with the six who regional directors tedros unveiled numerous changes the structure of the head office will change with the creation of key new posts including a new assistant director general to oversee the fight against antimicrobial resistances and a new post of chief scientist tasked with making sure who anticipates and stays on top of the latest scientific developments other changes aim to recruit top talent for instance opening a new career path for scientists who want to stay in technical areas instead of becoming managers and plans for a who academy in lyon france critics charge that the changes do not address the most pressing issues however who9s lack of money and little power over how to spend it", "title_raw": "WHO is 'changing its DNA' in bid to meet new goals.", "abstract_raw": "The World Health Organization9s (WHO9s) director-general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, has unveiled a series of reforms that he said would amount to \"changing the DNA of the organization.\" In a speech given with the six WHO regional directors, Tedros unveiled numerous changes: The structure of the head office will change with the creation of key new posts, including a new assistant director-general to oversee the fight against antimicrobial resistances and a new post of chief scientist, tasked with making sure \"WHO anticipates and stays on top of the latest scientific developments.\" Other changes aim to recruit top talent for instance, opening a new career path for scientists who want to stay in technical areas instead of becoming managers and plans for a WHO Academy in Lyon, France. Critics charge that the changes do not address the most pressing issues, however: WHO9s lack of money and little power over how to spend it." }, { "paper": "2996457289", "venue": "160097506", "year": "2019", "title": "ecretary of state establishes commission on unalienable rights", "label": [ "2776398702", "169437150", "2776034101", "555826173", "2775884135", "199539241", "155785087" ], "author": [ "2161129465" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "on july 8 2019 secretary of state mike pompeo established a commission on unalienable rights the commission will provide the secretary of state advice and recommendations concerning international human rights matters and provide fresh thinking about human rights discourse where such discourse has departed from our nation s founding principles of natural law and natural rights the commission has an initial two year mandate democratic lawmakers have raised concerns that the commission will circumvent existing structures and challenge lgbtq protections and reproductive rights", "title_raw": "Ecretary of state establishes commission on unalienable rights", "abstract_raw": "On July 8, 2019, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo established a Commission on Unalienable Rights. The Commission will \u201cprovide the Secretary of State advice and recommendations concerning international human rights matters \u2026 [and] provide fresh thinking about human rights discourse where such discourse has departed from our nation's founding principles of natural law and natural rights.\u201d The Commission has an initial two-year mandate. Democratic lawmakers have raised concerns that the Commission will circumvent existing structures and challenge LGBTQ+ protections and reproductive rights." }, { "paper": "2947475823", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2019", "title": "national past and populism the re elaboration of fascism and its impact on right wing populism in western europe", "label": [ "67448173", "2776051254", "137355542", "2776873219", "526877150" ], "author": [ "2512923394", "2527745319" ], "reference": [ "67332667", "137128685", "282503279", "306533553", "394297179", "570713715", "600634830", "617751419", "636074946", "645669606", "1186363255", "1452854368", "1491127313", "1511152141", "1516376431", "1590697417", "1734266345", "1861976667", "1971109932", "1976214394", "2011064905", "2011152119", "2022576838", "2030843909", "2039369385", "2060550340", "2080056892", "2142124409", "2148515629", "2149971088", "2153937918", "2167026994", "2473287592", "2474505457", "2482216357", "2482363280", "2482750707", "2496647049", "2500207941", "2508181543", "2582521233", "2590039024", "2790793818", "3165979999" ], "abstract": "the electoral performance of right wing populism depends on the type of re elaboration of countries national past and their collective memories complementing socio economic and political institutional factors the article analyses cultural opportunity structures given the link between fascist and populist visions of power it shows that different collective memories of the fascist past and world war ii open up or close down the space for right wing populist parties theoretically the typology includes four types of re elaboration culpabilisation victimisation heroisation and cancellation results of a comparative analysis of eight west european countries based on a novel measurement method point to 1 culpabilisation and heroisation as types of re elaboration limiting right wing populist parties electoral performance 2 cancellation as a type having an undetermined effect and 3 victimisation as a type triggering the success of right wing populist parties", "title_raw": "National past and populism: the re-elaboration of fascism and its impact on right-wing populism in Western Europe", "abstract_raw": "The electoral performance of right-wing populism depends on the type of re-elaboration of countries\u2019 national past and their collective memories. Complementing socio-economic and political-institutional factors, the article analyses cultural opportunity structures. Given the link between fascist and populist visions of power, it shows that different collective memories of the fascist past and World War II open up or close down the space for right-wing populist parties. Theoretically, the typology includes four types of re-elaboration: culpabilisation, victimisation, heroisation and cancellation. Results of a comparative analysis of eight West European countries based on a novel measurement method point to (1) culpabilisation and heroisation as types of re-elaboration limiting right-wing populist parties\u2019 electoral performance, (2) cancellation as a type having an undetermined effect, and (3) victimisation as a type triggering the success of right-wing populist parties." }, { "paper": "2980338776", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2019", "title": "tug of war negotiating security in eurasia", "label": [ "199776023" ], "author": [ "2313168986" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Tug of War. Negotiating Security in Eurasia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2945351944", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2019", "title": "organizational process rulemaking pace and the shadow of judicial review", "label": [ "48764862", "2781019588" ], "author": [ "2278022701", "2159924961" ], "reference": [ "1569991885", "1595078448", "1600954217", "1892976419", "1909618449", "1915175192", "1939448103", "1971247574", "1971440513", "1989351453", "1993191426", "1993976532", "1995031937", "1997942553", "1998010011", "1998331777", "2022289351", "2022526504", "2039714173", "2040705197", "2055044410", "2062500695", "2089616524", "2092007923", "2094938006", "2125952025", "2131568786", "2141218844", "2141458096", "2141664300", "2164366152", "2165625270", "2167896490", "2323986220", "2328506615", "2339834607", "2343905221", "2504406755", "2627094054", "3122105115", "3122266660", "3122310918", "3122356991", "3122611102", "3124325871", "3124537122", "3125178526", "3125758015", "3126117480" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Organizational Process, Rulemaking Pace, and the Shadow of Judicial Review", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2998095451", "venue": "107737141", "year": "2019", "title": "the combined effects of mass media and social media on political perceptions and preferences", "label": [ "518677369", "52416528", "94625758", "558299567", "7991579", "520049643" ], "author": [ "684092103", "2076557436", "59743775" ], "reference": [ "171720695", "616881656", "1474072072", "1497571527", "1501242485", "1534539087", "1553428999", "1901133729", "1970453533", "1981457167", "1986431494", "1987254383", "1995298384", "2006173561", "2034850206", "2038360359", "2041312685", "2044464736", "2048136616", "2059182538", "2059396274", "2102968466", "2104496040", "2106874387", "2121451734", "2121653241", "2123414169", "2132953732", "2133842841", "2145148619", "2145427077", "2148821084", "2150957645", "2157903905", "2160075489", "2161412763", "2164635708", "2167214717", "2278427776", "2287001394", "2312102281", "2312491230", "2332281206", "2342221206", "2473652797", "2497456912", "2508152932", "2527136458", "2539284606", "2543606719", "2608560640", "2608650565", "2753321670", "2760251661", "2762671591", "2767108794", "2770081027", "2782698453", "2786236138", "2801674850", "2802630126", "2802833242", "2885513853", "2887907919", "2914053352", "2918096520", "2919575471", "2933036722", "2949203475" ], "abstract": "changes in political perceptions and preferences may result from the combined effects of news from various media estimating these combined effects requires the best possible albeit different measures of news obtained from self selected mass media and social media that can be linked to panel survey data concerning perceptions and preferences for the 2017 dutch national elections such data is available political perceptions and preferences are affected by news statements in self selected mass media on issue positions support and criticism real world conditions and success and failure in accordance with the theories on agenda setting and issue ownership social identity retrospective voting and bandwagon effects respectively combined effects emerge because many people use both mass media and social media the latter do more than just reinforce predispositions social media also have a mere exposure effect and a multistep flow effect that amplifies news about party successes and failures from self selected mass media", "title_raw": "The Combined Effects of Mass Media and Social Media on Political Perceptions and Preferences", "abstract_raw": "Changes in political perceptions and preferences may result from the combined effects of news from various media. Estimating these combined effects requires the best possible, albeit different, measures of news obtained from self-selected mass media and social media that can be linked to panel survey data concerning perceptions and preferences. For the 2017 Dutch national elections, such data is available. Political perceptions and preferences are affected by news statements in self-selected mass media on issue positions, support and criticism, real world conditions and success and failure, in accordance with the theories on agenda setting and issue ownership, social identity, retrospective voting and bandwagon effects, respectively. Combined effects emerge because many people use both mass media and social media. The latter do more than just reinforce predispositions. Social media also have a mere exposure effect, and a multistep flow effect that amplifies news about party successes and failures from self-selected mass media." }, { "paper": "2962745061", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2019", "title": "trust in the court the role of the registry of the european court of human rights", "label": [ "199539241", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2199987054", "2205626318" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Trust in the Court: The Role of the Registry of the European Court of Human Rights", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2898459212", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2019", "title": "double standards the verdicts of western election observers in sub saharan africa", "label": [ "2777821203", "2778488155", "2779332937" ], "author": [ "2769472342" ], "reference": [ "221408594", "649056258", "1970592957", "2022342396", "2078320103", "2083277050", "2092757022", "2127683416", "2130017867", "2142896684", "2153935346", "2156750350", "2297653401", "2492336479", "2797974557", "2804305018", "2806872727", "2905035094", "3121145802", "3123546035" ], "abstract": "this article tests whether western election observers apply a double standard to elections in sub saharan africa it demonstrates that they do western election observers were statistically less", "title_raw": "Double standards: the verdicts of western election observers in sub-Saharan Africa", "abstract_raw": "This article tests whether Western election observers apply a \u201cdouble standard\u201d to elections in sub-Saharan Africa. It demonstrates that they do: Western election observers were statistically less ..." }, { "paper": "2910960560", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2019", "title": "corruption as resource transfer an interdisciplinary synthesis", "label": [ "201342494" ], "author": [ "44253263" ], "reference": [ "102486141", "124993993", "142192487", "211386119", "212294650", "805928397", "836253195", "1028638397", "1499799144", "1525991074", "1533936278", "1581780734", "1833743236", "1952934792", "1978457869", "1978854045", "1981932895", "1987497005", "1988140888", "1990765877", "2007950074", "2008073538", "2015021780", "2015151019", "2017075653", "2021411069", "2028631180", "2031712905", "2038595489", "2043382874", "2044148523", "2045633722", "2045960829", "2047108972", "2060224363", "2071289311", "2076149350", "2079414640", "2081944772", "2084588268", "2087170001", "2094279885", "2096569296", "2099266393", "2104360955", "2107729441", "2118389480", "2118784211", "2124168008", "2142999246", "2143114329", "2158840443", "2167103604", "2168506705", "2180730375", "2269158376", "2335730588", "2399490341", "2414640327", "2480773686", "2496154050", "2502452951", "2516447875", "2518001757", "2537088571", "2554534629", "2584167791", "2589895638", "2606520148", "2608723815", "2741726296", "2741827151", "2754684450", "2761409056", "2762959059", "2771135408", "2783132565", "2783200563", "2783342164", "2792805485", "2802109230", "2803487637", "2807055195", "2811091999", "2891768657", "2945788619", "3022177383", "3109803719", "3122151362", "3122638251", "3122708045", "3123080973" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Corruption as Resource Transfer: An Interdisciplinary Synthesis", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2996552593", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2019", "title": "abortion and the lancet s call to arms", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2195502873" ], "reference": [ "166324609", "2164763904", "2323767474", "2416267982", "2490487288", "2795441158", "3125947947", "3152056436" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Abortion and The Lancet's call to arms.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2795949661", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2019", "title": "oil wealth winning coalitions and duration of civil wars", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2022960239", "2622116648" ], "reference": [ "1545438408", "1972474624", "1980111222", "2011453491", "2020921337", "2022224994", "2026129441", "2026547481", "2027826442", "2035407160", "2035957613", "2036518322", "2046186411", "2047156377", "2050519755", "2053631704", "2056256251", "2059670043", "2059818569", "2069456220", "2077002000", "2077085353", "2083780500", "2084816678", "2099304543", "2104431072", "2105142552", "2108378466", "2112756924", "2116559484", "2118613808", "2120272366", "2121994437", "2122333765", "2123006785", "2123730160", "2124072747", "2127267774", "2130145354", "2132482742", "2137824789", "2142705232", "2143212115", "2143801717", "2143963363", "2144867725", "2151780178", "2152526885", "2154836037", "2156625419", "2159363815", "2160009468", "2160128062", "2160232843", "2161051641", "2184521191", "2201428197", "2317953442", "2329258037", "2790098304", "3121888622", "3122074090" ], "abstract": "new research has begun to underscore the complicated relationship between democratic institutions and the duration of civil wars specifically greater constraints placed on executives often lead t", "title_raw": "Oil Wealth, Winning Coalitions, and Duration of Civil Wars:", "abstract_raw": "New research has begun to underscore the complicated relationship between democratic institutions and the duration of civil wars. Specifically, greater constraints placed on executives often lead t..." }, { "paper": "2965796228", "venue": "2764871768", "year": "2019", "title": "down and out founding elections and disillusionment with democracy in egypt and tunisia", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "2627645613", "2909180657" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Down and Out: Founding Elections and Disillusionment with Democracy in Egypt and Tunisia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2932609523", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2019", "title": "bryant simon the hamlet fire a tragic story of cheap food cheap government and cheap lives", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2932274815" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Bryant Simon. The Hamlet Fire: A Tragic Story of Cheap Food, Cheap Government, and Cheap Lives.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2920903716", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2019", "title": "what were the consequences of decolonization", "label": [ "135544838" ], "author": [ "2105733365", "2202470600" ], "reference": [ "22514522", "122421597", "178852739", "337910372", "571978138", "592362603", "620797783", "628946786", "1500225582", "1511665033", "1522513066", "1533369859", "1553702494", "1564297989", "1606741160", "1607251666", "1804977026", "1829158409", "1991669095", "1995235257", "1996995334", "2001148286", "2007556484", "2013433610", "2014724358", "2028760960", "2057279243", "2059762595", "2062498196", "2074805974", "2074990968", "2076197481", "2079341723", "2081622547", "2083620364", "2096684396", "2106069978", "2125494775", "2136740176", "2138605668", "2141425571", "2145542285", "2151780178", "2159537820", "2169516098", "2185506670", "2205972373", "2312546345", "2320317454", "2341909432", "2484934209", "2615551384", "2616979596", "2759503962", "2790843820", "2795714440", "2802402771", "2810895830", "2914984522", "2915445197", "2919305902", "2920541533", "2945716964", "3021822145", "3121576793", "3121751949", "3121759882", "3122894759", "3123666383", "3124131699", "3124568416", "3125496725" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "What Were the Consequences of Decolonization", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2972825117", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2019", "title": "presidential address the need for public opinion research advocacy", "label": [ "39549134", "134698397" ], "author": [ "1313320787" ], "reference": [ "563187413", "1967860970", "1969424223", "1986713131", "2010352472", "2096377097", "2103937568", "2106284575", "2114503647", "2164275416", "2901600442", "2904167932" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Presidential Address: The Need for Public Opinion Research Advocacy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2996151246", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2019", "title": "u s takes aim at foreign influence", "label": [ "197487636", "2780966255", "528167355" ], "author": [ "3129255642", "2343143953" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "u s policymakers are making headway on the thorny question of how to deal with foreign threats to u s research this week congress created two panels to wrestle with the topic and last week an influential outside panel recommended steps that the national science foundation should take but there is still no consensus on the core issue of whether protecting national security and u s innovation requires new restrictions on basic research beyond a 1985 presidential directive that makes fundamental research unrestricted to the maximum extent possible", "title_raw": "U.S. takes aim at foreign influence.", "abstract_raw": "U.S. policymakers are making headway on the thorny question of how to deal with foreign threats to U.S. research. This week, Congress created two panels to wrestle with the topic, and last week an influential outside panel recommended steps that the National Science Foundation should take. But there is still no consensus on the core issue of whether protecting national security and U.S. innovation requires new restrictions on basic research beyond a 1985 presidential directive that makes fundamental research \"unrestricted \u2026 to the maximum extent possible.\"" }, { "paper": "2904527249", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2019", "title": "temporalities of emergency migrant pregnancy and healthcare networks in southern european borderlands", "label": [ "160735492", "164429055", "69828861", "2777346333" ], "author": [ "3021649933", "3022974607", "3022329135", "3020828038" ], "reference": [ "5766530", "332573740", "599234852", "605482748", "608377574", "633400821", "1497998631", "1533783547", "1660984842", "1905540608", "1925613010", "1953467184", "1972407812", "1974600314", "2002067905", "2039958945", "2053891857", "2057417815", "2065603324", "2067652191", "2069966095", "2141905453", "2163343531", "2164348864", "2169128408", "2229987506", "2300019366", "2301443087", "2460536634", "2482627303", "2504681014", "2521706663", "2592760701", "2617093272", "2809677575", "3146083582" ], "abstract": "in greece italy and spain austerity policies combined with the structural density of migration flows have had concrete social and material manifestations in the delivery of public health care through our ethnographic case studies in lampedusa and southeastern sicily melilla and athens we examine the maternity care offered to migrant patients in the midst and the aftermath of the so called migration crisis in state and non state structures research was conducted in athens and southeastern sicily from august 2016 to august 2017 in melilla from august 2016 to october 2016 and in january 2017 and in lampedusa from august 2016 to january 2017 data collected consist in semi structured interviews and long term ethnographic observations the article explores whether and how the understanding or the labeling of the maternity care of migrants as an emergency within a context of professed crisis generates new norms of care within health care delivery our findings suggest a the adoption of solutions or practices that in the past might have been considered urgent ad hoc or creative b their normalization deeply connected to the wider social landscape of these european peripheries and c the institutionalization of humanitarianism in the context of these practices our research points out temporalities of emergency against the background of a professed migration crisis in the context of austerity driven underfunding temporary solutions become entrenched producing a lasting emergency yet we argue that emergency can at some point generate practices of resistance that undermine subtly yet significantly its own normalization", "title_raw": "Temporalities of emergency : migrant pregnancy and healthcare networks in Southern European borderlands", "abstract_raw": "In Greece, Italy, and Spain, austerity policies combined with the structural density of migration flows have had concrete social and material manifestations in the delivery of public health care. Through our ethnographic case studies in Lampedusa and southeastern Sicily, Melilla, and Athens, we examine the maternity care offered to migrant patients in the midst and the aftermath of the so-called \"migration crisis\" in state and non-state structures. Research was conducted in Athens and southeastern Sicily from August 2016 to August 2017; in Melilla from August 2016 to October 2016 and in January 2017; and in Lampedusa from August 2016 to January 2017. Data collected consist in semi-structured interviews and long-term ethnographic observations. The article explores whether and how the understanding or the labeling of the maternity care of migrants as an emergency within a context of professed crisis generates new norms of care within health-care delivery. Our findings suggest a) the adoption of solutions or practices that in the past might have been considered urgent, ad hoc, or creative; b) their normalization, deeply connected to the wider social landscape of these European peripheries and c) the institutionalization of humanitarianism in the context of these practices. Our research points out temporalities of emergency against the background of a professed migration crisis. In the context of austerity-driven underfunding, temporary solutions become entrenched, producing a lasting emergency. Yet, we argue that \"emergency\" can, at some point, generate practices of resistance that undermine, subtly yet significantly, its own normalization." }, { "paper": "2984696551", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2019", "title": "the poor s struggle for political incorporation the piquetero movement in argentina by federico m rossi cambridge cambridge university press 2017 340p 105 00 cloth 31 99 paper", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2717950020" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Poor\u2019s Struggle for Political Incorporation: The Piquetero Movement in Argentina. By Federico M. Rossi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 340p. $105.00 cloth, $31.99 paper.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2899273083", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2019", "title": "policy feedback and the politics of the affordable care act", "label": [ "3116431", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1976172561", "2102027253", "2342492832" ], "reference": [ "427498100", "1569410165", "1982469483", "1987066647", "2003759279", "2027398319", "2042436776", "2046039690", "2047324863", "2054810450", "2068895077", "2089916230", "2110603447", "2111770475", "2115027623", "2125398298", "2143749883", "2147111138", "2150459713", "2150514268", "2150575850", "2154446234", "2315419322", "2324723438", "2521450428", "2588966449", "2741667031", "2746976433", "2760895682", "2766733932", "2791647719", "2803265896" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Policy Feedback and the Politics of the Affordable Care Act", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2950769110", "venue": "44706263", "year": "2019", "title": "adjudicating executive privilege federal administrative agencies and deliberative process privilege claims in u s district courts", "label": [ "199539241", "2780138299", "2781386873" ], "author": [ "2951395763" ], "reference": [ "1529540289", "1532064378", "1534215604", "1563793009", "1765258154", "1804373877", "1809737314", "1968391903", "1973258466", "1977082364", "1986497672", "2001352544", "2003879017", "2009455048", "2015118367", "2047009319", "2074667708", "2079208647", "2093196247", "2097603998", "2108260454", "2131764041", "2148426523", "2151340749", "2163968405", "2164366152", "2314866869", "2318524580", "2323792946", "2335666181", "2736643333", "2798149757", "3122316573", "3124618970" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Adjudicating Executive Privilege: Federal Administrative Agencies and Deliberative Process Privilege Claims in U.S. District Courts", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2913591907", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2019", "title": "new directions in eu foreign policy governance cross loading leadership and informal groupings", "label": [ "93377909" ], "author": [ "1341277511", "2195915330" ], "reference": [ "1977470618", "1988080781", "1989389200", "2035133988", "2064254697", "2072104827", "2073576966", "2090595665", "2118426310", "2134130857", "2139389158", "2146647428", "2146658330", "2233817111", "2317425697", "2526153146", "2526865735", "2527486055", "2606016279", "2885739563", "3123339918", "3123983274", "3163194837" ], "abstract": "this article explores new patterns of interaction in foreign affairs among european union eu member states post lisbon which have increased reliance on horizontal and informal practices it argues that cross loading among member states outside eu institutions has moved centre stage and contributed to smaller groups of like minded member states working together this shift challenges much of our understanding of europeanization which is based on vertical forms of uploading and downloading we illustrate these dynamics using the case of sweden s recognition of palestine in october 2014 while this seemed to break away from the established eu consensus sweden s decision aimed at leading the way and imparting momentum especially within the like minded group of eu countries rather than being an example of de europeanization this case shows how member states can seek new ways of exerting influence in the post lisbon environment", "title_raw": "New directions in EU foreign policy governance: cross-loading, leadership and informal groupings", "abstract_raw": "This article explores new patterns of interaction in foreign affairs among European Union (EU) Member States post-Lisbon, which have increased reliance on horizontal and informal practices. It argues that cross-loading among Member States outside EU institutions has moved centre stage and contributed to smaller groups of like-minded Member States working together. This shift challenges much of our understanding of Europeanization, which is based on vertical forms of uploading and downloading. We illustrate these dynamics using the case of Sweden's recognition of Palestine in October 2014. While this seemed to break away from the established EU consensus, Sweden's decision aimed at leading the way and imparting momentum, especially within the like-minded group of EU countries. Rather than being an example of de-Europeanization, this case shows how Member States can seek new ways of exerting influence in the post-Lisbon environment." }, { "paper": "2963868209", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2019", "title": "economic transformation through political change evidence from turkey", "label": [ "17058734", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2668515739" ], "reference": [ "1540624329", "1656749984", "1981030942", "1988980679", "2012116515", "2122740397", "2139027297", "2149934377", "2326792089", "2345030807", "2480536485", "2484470713", "2637581310", "2943975693", "2944378249", "3124886457", "3125378571", "3126008915" ], "abstract": "turkey recently initiated a political change by replacing its parliamentary model with the presidential governmental system pgs to achieve inter alia a structural transformation from an efficie", "title_raw": "Economic transformation through political change? Evidence from Turkey", "abstract_raw": "Turkey recently initiated a political change by replacing its parliamentary model with the presidential governmental system (PGS) to achieve, inter alia, a structural transformation from an efficie..." }, { "paper": "2955094509", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2019", "title": "the soviet famine of 1931 1934 genocide a result of poor harvests or the outcome of a conflict between the state and the peasants", "label": [ "2778589402", "204342414", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2616928560", "2164192678" ], "reference": [ "499833", "38864019", "181830722", "286459492", "1880060489", "1974729349", "2039544633", "2040881208", "2056294198", "2104621915", "2117098921", "2318315609", "2327410604", "2497164661", "2516205332", "2582985779", "2901320266" ], "abstract": "interpretation of the soviet famine of 1931 1934 mainly in 1933 has long given rise to controversy publication of a russian monograph by the leading spokesman for russia in the international deb", "title_raw": "The Soviet Famine of 1931\u20131934: Genocide, a Result of Poor Harvests, or the Outcome of a Conflict Between the State and the Peasants?", "abstract_raw": "Interpretation of the Soviet famine of 1931\u20131934 (mainly in 1933) has long given rise to controversy. Publication of a Russian monograph by the leading spokesman for Russia in the international deb..." }, { "paper": "3003363977", "venue": "135539873", "year": "2019", "title": "validating self reported turnout by linking public opinion surveys with administrative records", "label": [ "134698397", "2779838221" ], "author": [ "2080375204", "2146074538" ], "reference": [ "1517339519", "1981519674", "2010780889", "2049855118", "2073471108", "2099400440", "2103972398", "2112387816", "2126164508", "2133757074", "2137606474", "2142074194", "2151063492", "2165992382", "2204575999", "2272492035", "2301467965", "2745383430", "2793769061", "2802420504", "2900083780", "2908287046", "3184452784" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Validating Self-Reported Turnout by Linking Public Opinion Surveys with Administrative Records", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2918463782", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2019", "title": "framing and blame attribution in populist rhetoric", "label": [ "526877150", "2778449503" ], "author": [ "2337245431", "1986156003", "2227148880" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the rhetoric of populist politicians is an important part of their appeal however little is known about how that rhetoric operates drawing on two large experiments conducted with american adults", "title_raw": "Framing and Blame Attribution in Populist Rhetoric", "abstract_raw": "The rhetoric of populist politicians is an important part of their appeal; however, little is known about how that rhetoric operates. Drawing on two large experiments conducted with American adults..." }, { "paper": "2972914627", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2019", "title": "the battle for fortune state led development personhood and power among tibetans in china charlene makley ithaca and london cornell university press 2018 xvii 321 pp 29 95 isbn 978 1 5017 1967 7", "label": [ "548836952", "2776051254", "191935318", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2591222552" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Battle for Fortune: State-Led Development, Personhood, and Power among Tibetans in China Charlene Makley Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2018 xvii + 321 pp. $29.95 ISBN 978-1-5017-1967-7", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2943467564", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2019", "title": "how getting the facts right can fuel partisan motivated reasoning", "label": [ "2776325391" ], "author": [ "2784719785" ], "reference": [ "38289682", "178177854", "1814019333", "1970393007", "1971470082", "1996226230", "2032644784", "2038411619", "2049971933", "2102621440", "2113669899", "2114796310", "2118744644", "2121692752", "2124751389", "2132490153", "2132553681", "2134599899", "2144987729", "2145016159", "2149893809", "2153910101", "2155643382", "2170291011", "2238416173", "2244545434", "2293252518", "2302486677", "2314878607", "2329103711", "2501211153", "2507268592", "2568519147", "2580701943", "2590393650", "2746088002", "2750696507", "2753242336", "2755183336", "2767034816", "2793769902", "3123359616", "3124105495" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Getting the Facts Right Can Fuel Partisan\u2010Motivated Reasoning", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2964511060", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2019", "title": "time s up co2", "label": [ "2780224610", "2777098093", "49427245" ], "author": [ "2023170623" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "1 credit duncan hull wikimedia cmmons cc by sa forty years ago this summer a small group of atmospheric and ocean scientists met in woods hole massachusetts to project the future impacts on earth s climate from atmospheric release of carbon dioxide co2 from fossil fuel combustion frank press head of the united states office of science and technology policy and science adviser to president carter requested that the national academy of sciences conduct the study for the benefit of policymakers on the basis of then current trends the 1979 committee led by jule charney of the massachusetts institute of technology assumed that atmospheric co2 concentrations would reach double the preindustrial values sometime in the first half of the 21st century they calculated that as a result the average global surface temperature would increase by 3 1 5 c with the greatest warming at high latitudes the first assessment of its kind the charney committee also noted in the models a lag on the order of decades between co2 release and the resulting temperature rise this delay from disequilibrium effects with the ocean masks pending temperature increases long before they are apparent 2 hurricane lane devastated hawaii in 2018 credit nasa worldview wikimedia commons fast forward to 2019 and these calculations of the sensitivity of climate to a doubling of co2 have proven to be remarkably on target indeed on the basis of today s more sophisticated climate models the intergovernmental panel on climate change confirms the climate sensitivity proffered by the charney report furthermore the lag between emission and resulting temperature increases has contributed to society s inaction on a degree of warming to which the planet is already committed from existing emissions four decades later time is running out to control greenhouse gases what else can scientists do to spur action to avert the worst impacts of climate change back in 1979 without insight as to what revolutions might reshape the world economy their grandchildren would inherit or how the biosphere might create feedbacks the charney committee focused on what they could estimate the radiative effect of co2 in the atmosphere the negative feedback from clouds and the ability of the oceans to absorb atmospheric heat since then our scientific understanding of the impacts of climate change has grown well beyond just surface temperature change and we have deepened our knowledge about the roles of clouds oceans aerosols and other non co2 greenhouse gases in particular the science of attributing changes in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events to climate change drivers has been building credibility whether the extreme event is a heatwave flood drought wildfire or hurricane demonstrating to the public how climate change is amplifying the negative impacts of these events can spur more immediate action even before the most catastrophic warming is upon us opinion polls reveal that a majority of americans are worried about extreme heat flooding drought or water shortages however even those who do view climate change as an important national issue rank it well down the list after health care jobs and the economy geoscientists must work collaboratively with health care professionals economists and engineers to link the changing impacts of extreme events and their aftermath to climate change while the effects are still being experienced this approach could well convince people that climate change is about health jobs and the economy the charney report demonstrates the power of scientific prediction since its release scientists have built a formidable evidence base on climate change at no time since 1979 has the science backed down from its dire predictions for the prospects of human civilization to prosper in a world warming well beyond limits encountered in all of human history the scientific community must better connect the issues with what now matters to the public so that the evidence is acted upon for the benefit of society 1 embed graphic 1 gif 2 embed graphic 2 gif", "title_raw": "Time's up, CO2.", "abstract_raw": "![][1] \n\nCREDIT: DUNCAN.HULL/WIKIMEDIA CMMONS/CC BY-SA\n\nForty years ago this summer, a small group of atmospheric and ocean scientists met in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, to project the future impacts on Earth's climate from atmospheric release of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil fuel combustion. Frank Press, head of the United States Office of Science and Technology Policy and Science Adviser to President Carter, requested that the National Academy of Sciences conduct the study for the benefit of policymakers. On the basis of then-current trends, the 1979 committee, led by Jule Charney of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, assumed that atmospheric CO2 concentrations would reach double the preindustrial values sometime in the first half of the 21st century. They calculated that as a result, the average global surface temperature would increase by 3\u00b0 \u00b1 1.5\u00b0C, with the greatest warming at high latitudes\u2014the first assessment of its kind. The Charney committee also noted in the models a lag on the order of decades between CO2 release and the resulting temperature rise. This delay, from disequilibrium effects with the ocean, masks pending temperature increases long before they are apparent.\n\n ![][2] \n\nHurricane Lane devastated Hawaii in 2018.\n\nCREDIT: NASA WORLDVIEW/WIKIMEDIA COMMONS\n\nFast-forward to 2019, and these calculations of the sensitivity of climate to a doubling of CO2 have proven to be remarkably on target. Indeed, on the basis of today's more sophisticated climate models, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change confirms the climate sensitivity proffered by the Charney report. Furthermore, the lag between emission and resulting temperature increases has contributed to society's inaction on a degree of warming to which the planet is already committed from existing emissions. Four decades later, time is running out to control greenhouse gases. What else can scientists do to spur action to avert the worst impacts of climate change?\n\nBack in 1979, without insight as to what revolutions might reshape the world economy their grandchildren would inherit, or how the biosphere might create feedbacks, the Charney committee focused on what they could estimate: the radiative effect of CO2 in the atmosphere; the negative feedback from clouds; and the ability of the oceans to absorb atmospheric heat. Since then, our scientific understanding of the impacts of climate change has grown well beyond just surface temperature change, and we have deepened our knowledge about the roles of clouds, oceans, aerosols, and other non-CO2 greenhouse gases. In particular, the science of attributing changes in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events to climate change drivers has been building credibility.\n\nWhether the extreme event is a heatwave, flood, drought, wildfire, or hurricane, demonstrating to the public how climate change is amplifying the negative impacts of these events can spur more immediate action, even before the most catastrophic warming is upon us. Opinion polls reveal that a majority of Americans are worried about extreme heat, flooding, drought, or water shortages. However, even those who do view climate change as an important national issue rank it well down the list after health care, jobs, and the economy. Geoscientists must work collaboratively with health care professionals, economists, and engineers to link the changing impacts of extreme events and their aftermath to climate change while the effects are still being experienced. This approach could well convince people that climate change is about health, jobs, and the economy.\n\nThe Charney report demonstrates the power of scientific prediction. Since its release, scientists have built a formidable evidence base on climate change. At no time since 1979 has the science backed down from its dire predictions for the prospects of human civilization to prosper in a world warming well beyond limits encountered in all of human history. The scientific community must better connect the issues with what now matters to the public, so that the evidence is acted upon for the benefit of society.\n\n [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif\n [2]: /embed/graphic-2.gif" }, { "paper": "3094234909", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2020", "title": "opinion a risk benefit framework for human research during the covid 19 pandemic", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "255938787", "25924944", "3093780476", "2110066944", "31213581", "2162324381" ], "reference": [ "2979296990", "3014386829", "3020257121", "3030222299", "3030876552", "3035657075", "3036769235", "3042481361", "3043042346" ], "abstract": "the coronavirus disease 2019 covid 19 has had a profound impact on the academic research enterprise over the span of just a few weeks in march 2020 most large u s research institutions closed the majority of their laboratories studios and offices suspended travel and fieldwork and paused the majority of human research resulting in the halt of more than 80 of all on site research activity 1 after months of limited operations laboratory and field based research in the basic and natural sciences were among the first activities to resume these activities presented relatively low risk for transmission with implementation of proper control measures such as face coverings health screens and social distancing performing human research during a global pandemic raises new ethical and practical challenges on a scale never before seen to safely and ethically restart more of the human research portfolio institutions must develop guiding principles and an explicit plan for managing human research during the pandemic image credit carey lumeng university of michigan ann arbor mi performing human research during a global pandemic however raises new ethical and practical challenges on a scale never before seen across the clinical social and behavioral sciences human research can require close contact between researchers and participants over variable observational periods and across a variety of locations e g clinics schools prisons therefore research with human participants has been slower to resume given the risks associated with potential direct and or airborne transmission between and among researchers and participants indeed early evidence suggests that research disciplines that rely on face to face human contact are among the disciplines that have seen the steepest drop in productivity during the pandemic 2 despite the fact that human research constitutes a significant fraction of the research enterprise not all human research paused as stay at home orders were implemented across the united states 1 1to whom correspondence may be addressed email stroh at med umich edu or nwigg at umich edu 1 xref corresp 1 1", "title_raw": "Opinion: A risk-benefit framework for human research during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "abstract_raw": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a profound impact on the academic research enterprise. Over the span of just a few weeks in March 2020, most large U.S. research institutions closed the majority of their laboratories, studios, and offices, suspended travel and fieldwork, and paused the majority of human research, resulting in the halt of more than 80% of all on-site research activity (1). After months of limited operations, laboratory- and field-based research in the basic and natural sciences were among the first activities to resume. These activities presented relatively low risk for transmission with implementation of proper control measures such as face coverings, health screens, and social distancing.\n\n\n\nPerforming human research during a global pandemic raises new ethical and practical challenges on a scale never before seen. To safely and ethically restart more of the human research portfolio, institutions must develop guiding principles and an explicit plan for managing human research during the pandemic. Image credit: Carey Lumeng (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI).\n\n\n\nPerforming human research during a global pandemic, however, raises new ethical and practical challenges on a scale never before seen. Across the clinical, social, and behavioral sciences, human research can require close contact between researchers and participants, over variable observational periods, and across a variety of locations (e.g., clinics, schools, prisons). Therefore, research with human participants has been slower to resume given the risks associated with potential direct and/or airborne transmission between and among researchers and participants. Indeed, early evidence suggests that research disciplines that rely on face-to-face human contact are among the disciplines that have seen the steepest drop in productivity during the pandemic (2), despite the fact that human research constitutes a significant fraction of the research enterprise.\n\nNot all human research paused as stay-at-home orders were implemented across the United States. \u2026 \n\n[\u21b5][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: stroh{at}med.umich.edu or nwigg{at}umich.edu.\n\n [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1" }, { "paper": "3107287902", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2020", "title": "meet the scientists investigating the origins of the covid pandemic", "label": [ "2779473830", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2395531194" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "ten researchers with expertise in virology public health and animals will seek to answer this key question ten researchers with expertise in virology public health and animals will seek to answer this key question", "title_raw": "Meet the scientists investigating the origins of the COVID pandemic.", "abstract_raw": "Ten researchers with expertise in virology, public health and animals will seek to answer this key question. Ten researchers with expertise in virology, public health and animals will seek to answer this key question." }, { "paper": "2966362166", "venue": "125754415", "year": "2020", "title": "making inferences about racial disparities in police violence", "label": [ "2779298689", "2776424047", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2539202329", "2485281475" ], "reference": [ "2963913852", "3165438411" ], "abstract": "a recent pnas study johnson et al 1 investigates the role of race in fatal police shootings unlike previous studies which focused on victim race alone the paper features original data about the race of officers who use deadly force and offers a rare accounting of other shooting attributes that contextualize fatal encounters johnson et al 1 discuss possible discrimination by white officers ref 1 p 15877 but conclude racial diversity in police agencies brings limited benefits a claim cited by major news outlets and in us congressional testimony inflaming an already contentious policy debate despite the value of this much needed research its approach is mathematically incapable of supporting its central claims in this letter we clarify the gap between what johnson et al s study asserts and what it actually estimates as well as the implications of that difference for policymaking and future scholarship on race and policing johnson et al s study asks the degree to which black civilians are more likely to be fatally shot than white civilians ref 1 p 15877 and prominently asserts white officers are not more likely to shoot minority civilians than non white officers ref 1 1 2to whom correspondence may be addressed email jmummolo at princeton edu 1 xref corresp 1 1", "title_raw": "Making inferences about racial disparities in police violence.", "abstract_raw": "A recent PNAS study, Johnson et al. (1), investigates the role of race in fatal police shootings. Unlike previous studies which focused on victim race alone, the paper features original data about the race of officers who use deadly force and offers a rare accounting of other shooting attributes that contextualize fatal encounters. Johnson et al. (1) discuss possible \u201cdiscrimination by White officers\u201d (ref. 1, p. 15877), but conclude racial diversity in police agencies brings limited benefits\u2014a claim cited by major news outlets and in US Congressional testimony, inflaming an already contentious policy debate.\n\nDespite the value of this much-needed research, its approach is mathematically incapable of supporting its central claims. In this letter, we clarify the gap between what Johnson et al.\u2019s study asserts and what it actually estimates, as well as the implications of that difference for policymaking and future scholarship on race and policing.\n\nJohnson et al.'s study asks \u201cthe degree to which Black civilians are more likely to be fatally shot than White civilians\u201d (ref. 1, p. 15877) and prominently asserts \u201cWhite officers are not more likely to shoot minority civilians than non-White officers\u201d (ref. 1 \u2026 \n\n[\u21b5][1]2To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: jmummolo{at}princeton.edu.\n\n [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1" }, { "paper": "3084001808", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2020", "title": "macron versus the rn the battle lines of french politics following the 2019 european elections", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "114096160" ], "reference": [ "2157968420", "2608726366", "2980031578" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Macron versus the RN? The Battle Lines of French Politics Following the 2019 European Elections", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3106153959", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2020", "title": "egypt s diplomacy in war peace and transition", "label": [ "557252395" ], "author": [ "3098405434" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Egypt's diplomacy in war, peace and transition", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3109611604", "venue": "200906791", "year": "2020", "title": "epidemic control in the united states and international relations the novel coronavirus pandemic and security", "label": [ "34355311" ], "author": [ "3107625552" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Epidemic Control in the United States and International Relations (The Novel Coronavirus Pandemic and Security)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2984859203", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2020", "title": "rebel rivalry and the strategic nature of rebel group ideology and demands", "label": [ "81631423", "158071213" ], "author": [ "2299805412", "3093881875", "3093943468", "2342634758", "2773831706", "2638382160" ], "reference": [ "81239178", "1537646239", "1966272755", "1997266203", "1999251490", "2002452523", "2008513140", "2017640419", "2019176210", "2026715125", "2036792100", "2040859819", "2046721326", "2050827933", "2054044714", "2054440843", "2062028764", "2067984492", "2077085353", "2080364320", "2083725906", "2085918703", "2085950118", "2092298252", "2094708258", "2095301906", "2097380520", "2098878648", "2101974450", "2105142552", "2106776259", "2111307659", "2119639676", "2123006785", "2126337958", "2130466807", "2131607071", "2132509947", "2138726919", "2142497724", "2148534890", "2151780178", "2159169932", "2166374795", "2169446611", "2184521191", "2187969153", "2309930610", "2595642117", "2598553948", "2747143682", "2770751631", "3021300030", "3086429013", "3121292377", "3121778632", "3123985989", "3124635965", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "how does the presence of multiple combatants affect rebel groups ideological positioning although violent forms of inter group conflict have been widely studied in the civil war literature rebel groups strategic use of ideology has so far received scarce scholarly attention we argue that the pressure of competition forces rebel groups to differentiate themselves ideologically from their rivals to maximize their chances of survival and success rebel groups strive to set themselves apart by offering unique ideological products to their supporters and recruits thus we contend that rebel groups are more likely to modify their ideologies and demands from the government in the face of competition from rival groups we test this theory using novel data collected from rebel group manifestos and public statements our findings suggest that groups are more likely to shift their ideology and modify their demands from the government as the number of rival groups increases", "title_raw": "Rebel Rivalry and the Strategic Nature of Rebel Group Ideology and Demands", "abstract_raw": "How does the presence of multiple combatants affect rebel groups\u2019 ideological positioning? Although violent forms of inter-group conflict have been widely studied in\nthe civil war literature, rebel groups\u2019 strategic use of ideology has so far received scarce scholarly attention. We argue that the pressure of competition forces rebel groups\nto differentiate themselves ideologically from their rivals to maximize their chances of survival and success. Rebel groups strive to set themselves apart by offering unique ideological products to their supporters and recruits. Thus, we contend that rebel groups are more likely to modify their ideologies and demands from the government in the face\nof competition from rival groups. We test this theory using novel data collected from rebel group manifestos and public statements. Our findings suggest that groups are\nmore likely to shift their ideology and modify their demands from the government as the number of rival groups increases." }, { "paper": "3112412808", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2020", "title": "singapore s pandemic election opposition parties and valence politics in ge2020", "label": [ "2780668109", "520049643", "94625758", "2780224610", "17058734", "59742305" ], "author": [ "2928825851", "2669475983" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "singapore s 2020 general election was held amidst the most serious public health and economic crises in the country s history despite expectations that these parallel crises would precipitate a flight to safety and result in a strong performance by the dominant people s action party pap the ruling party received its third lowest popular vote share 61 2 percent and lowest ever seat share 89 2 percent since independence this article engages explanations for the unexpected results and argues that the vote swing against the pap was enabled by a hitherto largely overlooked factor the 2020 election included two opposition parties that could credibly compete with the pap on the valence considerations that drive voting behaviour in singapore giving voters a perceived safe alternative to the pap at the constituency level quantitative tests support the notion that party credibility rather than demographic factors incumbency advantages group representation constituencies or assessments of the pap s fourthgeneration leaders best explains variation in the vote swing against the pap ultimately the results suggest that the pap s monopoly on party credibility is no longer assured thus portending greater opposition competitiveness and pressure against the pap in future elections nonetheless the pap s dominance remains intact and there is little evidence of a general appetite among the electorate for a non pap government suggesting the likelihood of smaller course corrections rather than major steps towards democratization in the coming years pacific affairs", "title_raw": "Singapore\u2019s pandemic election: Opposition parties and valence politics in ge2020", "abstract_raw": "Singapore\u2019s 2020 general election was held amidst the most serious public health and economic crises in the country\u2019s history Despite expectations that these parallel crises would precipitate a flight to safety and result in a strong performance by the dominant People\u2019s Action Party (PAP), the ruling party received its third-lowest popular vote share (61 2 percent) and lowest-ever seat share (89 2 percent) since independence This article engages explanations for the unexpected results and argues that the vote swing against the PAP was enabled by a hitherto largely overlooked factor: the 2020 election included two opposition parties that could credibly compete with the PAP on the valence considerations that drive voting behaviour in Singapore, giving voters a perceived safe alternative to the PAP at the constituency level Quantitative tests support the notion that party credibility\u2014rather than demographic factors, incumbency advantages, Group Representation Constituencies, or assessments of the PAP\u2019s fourthgeneration leaders\u2014best explains variation in the vote swing against the PAP Ultimately, the results suggest that the PAP\u2019s monopoly on party credibility is no longer assured, thus portending greater opposition competitiveness and pressure against the PAP in future elections Nonetheless, the PAP\u2019s dominance remains intact and there is little evidence of a general appetite among the electorate for a non-PAP government, suggesting the likelihood of smaller course corrections rather than major steps towards democratization in the coming years \u00a9 Pacific Affairs" }, { "paper": "3008603942", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2020", "title": "from political mobilization to electoral participation turnout in barcelona in the 1930s", "label": [ "156708679", "2779838221", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2097105547", "2159539611", "2106745245", "2920024432" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this article examines the process of electoral mobilization that follows the extension of voting rights to low income citizens we take advantage of a historically unique panel data set of official", "title_raw": "From Political Mobilization to Electoral Participation: Turnout in Barcelona in the 1930s", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the process of electoral mobilization that follows the extension of voting rights to low-income citizens. We take advantage of a historically unique panel data set of official..." }, { "paper": "2914585144", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2020", "title": "bad hombres an examination of identities in u s media coverage of immigration", "label": [ "70036468", "197487636" ], "author": [ "2789417737", "2121129594" ], "reference": [ "122546530", "158104392", "584054519", "613318392", "648950958", "650064633", "992319872", "1487989283", "1490816373", "1498744902", "1515424492", "1522007491", "1525179934", "1553523290", "1561253663", "1561551743", "1572081090", "1603684725", "1975348884", "1976093110", "1979949958", "1984901792", "1991761729", "1994993214", "2002345142", "2011481946", "2012989144", "2015052707", "2015090269", "2018133741", "2021684402", "2023386128", "2025474622", "2029991621", "2031043921", "2031227813", "2047331304", "2051776854", "2055344731", "2062950461", "2062962096", "2069425204", "2087408914", "2093556221", "2093920276", "2096452841", "2102341308", "2103560939", "2106505756", "2107212336", "2113536041", "2116144386", "2117440754", "2119266541", "2120056047", "2123631030", "2124486880", "2126566434", "2130649638", "2131690615", "2134511983", "2134827477", "2144180580", "2144450384", "2145382344", "2150957645", "2155453521", "2157856644", "2163966224", "2166858844", "2168896828", "2253339229", "2292815230", "2493148631", "2498347739", "2506011618", "2581672673", "2617729289", "2773887871", "2779621873", "2793761641", "2800059180", "2807940634", "3023010677", "3107777251", "3122081473" ], "abstract": "when discussing immigration on the campaign trail in 2016 republican presidential nominee donald trump used the term bad hombres to criticise immigrants and in particular latino men using a no", "title_raw": "\u2018Bad hombres\u2019? An examination of identities in U.S. media coverage of immigration", "abstract_raw": "When discussing immigration on the campaign trail in 2016, Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump used the term \u2018bad hombres\u2019 to criticise immigrants, and in particular Latino men. Using a no..." }, { "paper": "2792541094", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2020", "title": "dominant party rule elections and cabinet instability in african autocracies", "label": [ "144661447", "48327123", "68346564" ], "author": [ "2742509280" ], "reference": [ "39239541", "296931085", "317866981", "421391543", "569917268", "621596375", "1484634968", "1494775825", "1533204478", "1535643370", "1546691391", "1552247668", "1571595637", "1907660064", "1989246932", "1994135155", "1995964689", "2004711422", "2016604786", "2028515217", "2031496465", "2046037470", "2051741597", "2054760853", "2064990510", "2069919024", "2101177046", "2105095305", "2111528530", "2112044344", "2119491718", "2120303470", "2123900583", "2124345690", "2125688819", "2126346681", "2133370765", "2135266402", "2135285936", "2137359721", "2143095085", "2145542285", "2160009468", "2160446276", "2163904431", "2166749687", "2167340479", "2167843881", "2172010066", "2317077900", "2327632855", "2334044456", "2477078834", "2537963981", "2584558150", "2603465286", "2753666478", "2773187124", "2798142024", "2799501832", "2801544524", "3121145802", "3122016866", "3123278700", "3124825044", "3126129158" ], "abstract": "this article draws on the authoritarian institutions literature to explain the role of dominant parties in constraining the ability of autocrats to reshuffle cabinet ministers dominant party leaders are constrained in their ability to frequently reshuffle ministers by the need to maintain credible power sharing commitments with party elites these constraints also produce distinct temporal patterns of instability where large reshuffles occur following elections conversely personalist leaders face fewer power sharing constraints and engage in more extensive cabinet reshuffles at more arbitrary intervals military leaders face complex constraints that depend on whether officers or civilians occupy cabinet posts and the extent to which leaders are dependent upon civilian ministers for regime performance and popular support empirical analyses using data on the cabinets of ninety four authoritarian leaders from thirty seven african countries between 1976 and 2010 support the theoretical expectations for dominant party and personalist leaders but are inconclusive for military leaders", "title_raw": "Dominant Party Rule, Elections, and Cabinet Instability in African Autocracies", "abstract_raw": "This article draws on the authoritarian institutions literature to explain the role of dominant parties in constraining the ability of autocrats to reshuffle cabinet ministers. Dominant party leaders are constrained in their ability to frequently reshuffle ministers by the need to maintain credible power-sharing commitments with party elites. These constraints also produce distinct temporal patterns of instability where large reshuffles occur following elections. Conversely, personalist leaders face fewer power-sharing constraints and engage in more extensive cabinet reshuffles at more arbitrary intervals. Military leaders face complex constraints that depend on whether officers or civilians occupy cabinet posts and the extent to which leaders are dependent upon civilian ministers for regime performance and popular support. Empirical analyses using data on the cabinets of ninety-four authoritarian leaders from thirty-seven African countries between 1976 and 2010 support the theoretical expectations for dominant party and personalist leaders, but are inconclusive for military leaders." }, { "paper": "3038637062", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2020", "title": "how very massive atrocities end a dataset and typology", "label": [ "81631423", "204342414" ], "author": [ "2677561237", "2805853582" ], "reference": [ "1500708800", "1595031806", "1921263266", "1977028614", "1997525904", "2004044918", "2027157140", "2090277495", "2118780426", "2129960091", "2146280510", "2160580959", "2168187984", "2335670257", "2491586279", "2503119833", "2948799449" ], "abstract": "understanding how the most severe mass atrocities have historically come to an end may aid in designing policy interventions to more rapidly terminate future episodes to facilitate research in thi", "title_raw": "How very massive atrocities end: A dataset and typology:", "abstract_raw": "Understanding how the most severe mass atrocities have historically come to an end may aid in designing policy interventions to more rapidly terminate future episodes. To facilitate research in thi..." }, { "paper": "3091651390", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2020", "title": "confronting antimicrobial resistance beyond the covid 19 pandemic and the 2020 us election", "label": [ "47344431" ], "author": [ "2113878588", "2963088624", "2129819571" ], "reference": [ "3041532377", "3042998289", "3043975336", "3092144083" ], "abstract": "globally the usa has recorded the highest number of covid 19 cases and deaths 1whowho coronavirus disease covid 19 dashboard https covid19 who int date 2020date accessed september 23 2020google scholar and still needs to simultaneously respond to another looming potential pandemic the rise in multidrug resistant bacterial infections that are undetected undiagnosed and increasingly untreatable threatens the health of people in the usa and globally in 2020 and beyond we cannot afford to ignore antimicrobial resistance amr", "title_raw": "Confronting antimicrobial resistance beyond the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2020 US election", "abstract_raw": "Globally, the USA has recorded the highest number of COVID-19 cases and deaths,1WHOWHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard.https://covid19.who.int/Date: 2020Date accessed: September 23, 2020Google Scholar and still needs to simultaneously respond to another looming potential pandemic. The rise in multidrug-resistant bacterial infections that are undetected, undiagnosed, and increasingly untreatable threatens the health of people in the USA and globally. In 2020 and beyond, we cannot afford to ignore antimicrobial resistance (AMR)." }, { "paper": "2950837951", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2020", "title": "voice after exit explaining diaspora mobilization for the arab spring", "label": [ "156708679", "2778611045" ], "author": [ "2156839918" ], "reference": [ "65202332", "96798011", "277689471", "383648797", "569667562", "576081297", "595478838", "596538967", "597872102", "624977151", "635297874", "638655379", "651223304", "765167683", "1489437940", "1493766657", "1502798522", "1503799100", "1507589900", "1511303952", "1516136238", "1521495303", "1532273692", "1546641059", "1559585094", "1577006277", "1581498763", "1590135272", "1600340294", "1608795770", "1888197977", "1968224500", "1968548375", "1987830930", "1990590453", "1994815818", "2000117884", "2000251350", "2008911983", "2017540058", "2018225362", "2025013868", "2030908504", "2048037919", "2053133404", "2063484188", "2076359329", "2079414207", "2079643502", "2090694956", "2099161457", "2115058883", "2123735144", "2128188997", "2131062889", "2140186946", "2140255783", "2141425015", "2158663441", "2180236882", "2303700668", "2320118167", "2343699728", "2415843125", "2470622648", "2489656576", "2494497186", "2522229706", "2546560770", "2546975031", "2589404802", "2748494783", "2749590247", "2750514817", "2757213185", "2792646388", "2796408370", "2798248860", "2917982593", "2929647155", "2972088681", "3122074090", "3188995315" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Voice After Exit: Explaining Diaspora Mobilization for the Arab Spring", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2910488780", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2020", "title": "the german labour movement 1830s 1840s early efforts at political transnationalism", "label": [ "94625758", "173145845", "2776614217" ], "author": [ "2909421242" ], "reference": [ "620006028", "1563701115", "1995590515", "2019944379", "2147600818", "2606957297", "2909621983", "2910541685", "2910666354", "2910891904" ], "abstract": "it is a key idea that the german labour movement originated in the early nineteenth century abroad in the more liberal atmosphere of paris brussels geneva and london political refugees and trave", "title_raw": "The German labour movement, 1830s\u20131840s: early efforts at political transnationalism", "abstract_raw": "It is a key idea that the German Labour Movement originated in the early nineteenth century abroad. In the more liberal atmosphere of Paris, Brussels, Geneva and London political refugees and trave..." }, { "paper": "3117411613", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2020", "title": "book review citizenship and infrastructure practices and identities of citizens and the state", "label": [ "2776398702", "2780781376", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2806479699" ], "reference": [ "2581521975", "2945357745", "3006304640" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book review: Citizenship and Infrastructure: Practices and Identities of Citizens and the State:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3026864279", "venue": "9731383", "year": "2020", "title": "start ups launched by recent stem university graduates the impact of university education on entrepreneurial entry", "label": [ "84309077", "47177190", "2779322186" ], "author": [ "2053682709", "2105790106" ], "reference": [ "567500512", "1525273847", "1822120138", "1922370571", "1975688239", "1979579777", "1980124616", "2004265074", "2008049964", "2016425127", "2019749647", "2025771364", "2025805174", "2027345426", "2028876989", "2030747846", "2031944965", "2039147400", "2040525193", "2056215164", "2063986994", "2074849717", "2076737182", "2083115471", "2095561982", "2097763228", "2097808823", "2099697766", "2102183339", "2104228582", "2106939351", "2115747715", "2116006659", "2119387875", "2120429936", "2130354913", "2134786537", "2140905468", "2142257426", "2144696435", "2150230477", "2150428289", "2153014112", "2154333252", "2155472295", "2155532909", "2157531044", "2159477114", "2164284962", "2166941765", "2211605820", "2269680972", "2286814048", "2332659912", "2462451527", "2462872892", "2465239521", "2485620756", "2568342504", "2574053595", "2580049281", "2586243953", "2588886951", "2614929092", "2758191858", "2761852568", "2888581737", "2939364219", "2966032759", "2996402732", "3022791108", "3044348100", "3121582787", "3122239594", "3122341159", "3124575407", "3124819562", "3124839039", "3125000257", "3125080062", "3125456122", "3125774454", "3125823843", "3126005519", "3126098558" ], "abstract": "abstract university education is a crucial source of human capital and influences graduates choice of entrepreneurship as a career here we discuss the contrasting effects on recent graduates entrepreneurial entry of the type and quality of the human capital developed through university education in stem fields we determine which effects prevail by examining the graduates who obtained a master of science degree in the period 2005 2009 from politecnico di milano a university curriculum specialized into a limited number of scientific and technical fields training in economics and management and the scientific quality of the university in the research fields pertinent to the graduate s degree programme are positively associated with entrepreneurial entry immediately after graduation while the graduation grade is not the graduation grade and the scientific quality of the university positively moderate the impact of curriculum specialization these effects weaken over time but are still relevant five years after graduation", "title_raw": "Start-ups launched by recent STEM university graduates: The impact of university education on entrepreneurial entry", "abstract_raw": "Abstract University education is a crucial source of human capital and influences graduates\u2019 choice of entrepreneurship as a career. Here, we discuss the contrasting effects on recent graduates\u2019 entrepreneurial entry of the type and quality of the human capital developed through university education in STEM fields. We determine which effects prevail by examining the graduates who obtained a Master of Science degree in the period 2005\u20132009 from Politecnico di Milano. A university curriculum specialized into a limited number of scientific and technical fields, training in economics and management, and the scientific quality of the university in the research fields pertinent to the graduate's degree programme are positively associated with entrepreneurial entry immediately after graduation, while the graduation grade is not. The graduation grade and the scientific quality of the university positively moderate the impact of curriculum specialization. These effects weaken over time, but are still relevant five years after graduation." }, { "paper": "3080305554", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2020", "title": "excluded ethnic groups conflict contagion and the onset of genocide and politicide during civil war", "label": [ "81631423", "137403100", "204342414" ], "author": [ "2791349292", "3080874865" ], "reference": [ "177879470", "563812614", "564874417", "597080963", "606783974", "629009135", "1505036275", "1506772712", "1546637377", "1574053740", "1576971565", "1581618645", "1587621413", "1590369080", "1770116696", "1854379977", "1862195467", "1867612148", "1980618253", "1986436864", "1986675614", "2009250552", "2009595209", "2010018229", "2010290136", "2013655120", "2020389258", "2021522592", "2023309544", "2044666410", "2053874766", "2064340719", "2065554345", "2066732935", "2074478073", "2086374641", "2086699443", "2092386267", "2093238527", "2097071036", "2100164282", "2101974450", "2103255858", "2103350201", "2104529698", "2105142552", "2108078693", "2111307659", "2114812915", "2122757622", "2123730160", "2127734063", "2131728378", "2133488942", "2139432502", "2142063774", "2145542285", "2146280510", "2147286789", "2149047800", "2150392156", "2151780178", "2164062141", "2168187984", "2171665368", "2202178512", "2215894019", "2297749282", "2314555805", "2515973574", "2518542753", "2536879782", "2598553948", "2613055122", "2767649306", "2783876492", "2787393501", "2793003730", "2794320508", "2913306154", "3121704525", "3121778632", "3125554979" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Excluded Ethnic Groups, Conflict Contagion, and the Onset of Genocide and Politicide during Civil War", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3092766212", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2020", "title": "how challenger parties can win big with frozen cleavages explaining the landslide victory of the servant of the people party in the 2019 ukrainian parliamentary elections", "label": [ "59742305", "2779220109", "189464175" ], "author": [ "2039199167", "2151557902" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "in the ukrainian parliamentary elections of july 2019 volodymyr zelensky s new party servant of the people sn won a majority of seats in the context of what had been a frozen cleavage dividin", "title_raw": "How challenger parties can win big with frozen cleavages: Explaining the landslide victory of the Servant of the People party in the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary elections:", "abstract_raw": "In the Ukrainian parliamentary elections of July 2019, Volodymyr Zelensky\u2019s new party, Servant of the People (SN) won a majority of seats in the context of what had been a \u2018frozen cleavage\u2019 dividin..." }, { "paper": "3080776322", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2020", "title": "book review frenemies how social media polarizes america by jaime e settle", "label": [ "518677369" ], "author": [ "2343649731" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Frenemies: How Social Media Polarizes America, by Jaime E. Settle:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2996654980", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2020", "title": "corinna hawkes champion of effective food policy", "label": [ "2779473830", "2780465443", "46578552", "2909449942", "520712124" ], "author": [ "2434257524" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Corinna Hawkes: champion of effective food policy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3036404422", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2020", "title": "food politics and development", "label": [ "2778709541", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2140685594", "1964848563", "2207146419", "2300779964", "2552100301", "2148070347" ], "reference": [ "62165505", "123816009", "296100823", "353251677", "400113497", "616227669", "617576905", "621280979", "622466094", "641040122", "1484953982", "1485196908", "1513833991", "1542449166", "1576591216", "1587947129", "1594246029", "1596169349", "1598766427", "1599340037", "1745210057", "1804345426", "1909263946", "1949837682", "1965349186", "1966138051", "1967734319", "1970315493", "1970614238", "1970949242", "1971975580", "1972639744", "1973346671", "1975897821", "1977631444", "1980361061", "1981952820", "1982128965", "1982971187", "1983465098", "1987875304", "1993794494", "1993798935", "1995967652", "1998142466", "1999167944", "2001059224", "2002552198", "2002724857", "2003295995", "2004062772", "2005693244", "2006019290", "2010881987", "2013693163", "2014767820", "2015818860", "2016659292", "2018287050", "2029983019", "2034766802", "2035010645", "2037378567", "2038900650", "2038964340", "2042005398", "2046722357", "2051208022", "2051538523", "2052661897", "2057629916", "2060253483", "2060587030", "2065009356", "2065445772", "2065626875", "2066104337", "2086811403", "2087377365", "2087435256", "2089376879", "2090934536", "2095219137", "2095867549", "2102030943", "2107056917", "2107366869", "2111022198", "2111030476", "2111310546", "2117995482", "2122684350", "2126854384", "2127784790", "2128127358", "2130018650", "2131753914", "2136806189", "2137301736", "2137733255", "2139275782", "2141114090", "2142194610", "2146900496", "2150600289", "2157536550", "2161643606", "2163166799", "2165000383", "2165626692", "2166092010", "2167857254", "2168137872", "2169729448", "2169791744", "2172195481", "2187376435", "2209202849", "2225849807", "2238583538", "2246888033", "2254584713", "2257474418", "2262752710", "2283517555", "2290268204", "2291864910", "2304487534", "2307667127", "2312939392", "2320217246", "2332086916", "2480569804", "2486761806", "2487298997", "2488325496", "2499593854", "2503014390", "2510606848", "2520103167", "2550981489", "2562072351", "2587251643", "2588269094", "2594440024", "2602170305", "2607419913", "2612511191", "2613294194", "2746780426", "2755211930", "2756778465", "2757446194", "2767812349", "2768175249", "2773883368", "2792901747", "2793331463", "2795213352", "2795438908", "2804468061", "2886852065", "2891598119", "2895922731", "2902411700", "2903266486", "2904177012", "2909678677", "2914561781", "2918532080", "2928467655", "2937219430", "2937353867", "2943343768", "2954117281", "2965207449", "2965824941", "2966572508", "2996817736", "3001406994", "3013114258", "3035684098", "3082272320", "3123329507", "3125544517", "3125737366", "3204016410" ], "abstract": "abstract food has become both a pivotal topic in development and a lens through which to integrate and address a range of contemporary global challenges this review article addresses in particular the interrelationship between food and sustainable equitable development arguing that this is fundamentally political we offer a set of approaches to understanding food politics each underlain by broader theoretical traditions in power analysis focused respectively on food interests and incentives food regimes food institutions food innovation systems food contentions and movements food discourses and food socio natures applications of these approaches are then illustrated through a set of problematiques providing a selective overview of some of the major literatures and topics of note in food politics and development starting with the role of the state and state society relations in different forms of food regime we then consider the role of science and technology and its discourses in shaping agricultural and food policy directions before looking in more detail at rural livelihoods in agri food systems and the politics of inclusive structural transformation broadening beyond agri food systems then brings us to interrogate dominant narratives of nutrition and review literature on the cultural politics of food and eating a concluding section provides a synthesis across the cases drawing together the various approaches to power and politics and showing how they might be integrated via an analytical framework which combines plural approaches to describe different pathways of change and intervention raising critical questions about the overall direction and diversity of these pathways their distributional effects and the extent of democratic inclusion in decisions about food pathways we find this extended 4d approach helpful in highlighting current food systems inequities and the political options for future food systems change and conclude by considering how it might be harnessed as part of a future interdisciplinary engaged research agenda", "title_raw": "Food politics and development", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Food has become both a pivotal topic in development and a lens through which to integrate and address a range of contemporary global challenges. This review article addresses in particular the interrelationship between food and sustainable, equitable development, arguing that this is fundamentally political. We offer a set of approaches to understanding food politics, each underlain by broader theoretical traditions in power analysis, focused respectively on food interests and incentives; food regimes; food institutions; food innovation systems; food contentions and movements; food discourses, and food socio-natures. Applications of these approaches are then illustrated through a set of problematiques, providing a (selective) overview of some of the major literatures and topics of note in food politics and development. Starting with the role of the state and state-society relations in different forms of food regime, we then consider the role of science and technology (and its discourses) in shaping agricultural and food policy directions before looking in more detail at rural livelihoods in agri-food systems and the politics of inclusive structural transformation. Broadening beyond agri-food systems then brings us to interrogate dominant narratives of nutrition and review literature on the cultural politics of food and eating. A concluding section provides a synthesis across the cases, drawing together the various approaches to power and politics and showing how they might be integrated via an analytical framework which combines plural approaches to describe different pathways of change and intervention, raising critical questions about the overall direction and diversity of these pathways, their distributional effects, and the extent of democratic inclusion in decisions about food pathways. We find this extended \u20184D\u2019 approach helpful in highlighting current food systems inequities and the political options for future food systems change, and conclude by considering how it might be harnessed as part of a future interdisciplinary, engaged research agenda." }, { "paper": "2999089902", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2020", "title": "comparative grand strategy a framework and cases", "label": [ "172002799" ], "author": [ "2100671355" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Comparative grand strategy: a framework and cases", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3048531595", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2020", "title": "hunger does discriminate addressing structural racism and economic inequality in food insecurity research", "label": [ "2776737852", "189326681", "160735492", "139838865" ], "author": [ "2551797057" ], "reference": [ "2907260560", "2980925634", "2982878714", "3015545136" ], "abstract": "redefining the problem public health research on food insecurity typically aims to identify proximal causes characterize high risk populations enumerate health consequences and evaluate interventions that increase food access through charitable e g food pantries and federal e g supplemental nutrition assistance program snap assistance programs racism poverty and food insecurity are increasingly recognized as sources of toxic stress which can significantly damage health across the life course 1 the center for hunger free communities and their participatory action project witnesses to hunger have been instrumental in documenting how food insecurity poverty and trauma are passed down through generations and highlighting the near impossibility of breaking these links through individual action alone 2 they have located food insecurity s root causes in numerous nonfood policies including unaffordable housing child care and health care lack of paid family and sick leave and nonlivable wages 2 the finding of larson et al that 38 5 of emerging adults with children were food insecure compared with 21 6 of those without children underscores the need for solutions that disrupt intergenerational cycles black k through 12 students are more than three times more likely to be suspended or expelled than are white students 5 which may significantly limit access to the national school lunch and school breakfast programs the nation s key tools in the fight against child food insecurity", "title_raw": "Hunger Does Discriminate: Addressing Structural Racism and Economic Inequality in Food Insecurity Research", "abstract_raw": "REDEFINING THE PROBLEM Public health research on food insecurity typically aims to identify proximal causes, characterize high-risk populations, enumerate health consequences, and evaluate interventions that increase food access through charitable (e g , food pantries) and federal (e g , Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program;SNAP) assistance programs Racism, poverty, and food insecurity are increasingly recognized as sources of toxic stress, which can significantly damage health across the life course 1 The Center for Hunger-Free Communities and their participatory action project, Witnesses to Hunger, have been instrumental in documenting how food insecurity, poverty, and trauma are passed down through generations and highlighting the near impossibility of breaking these links through individual action alone 2 They have located food insecurity's root causes in numerous nonfood policies, including unaffordable housing, child care, and health care;lack of paid family and sick leave;and nonlivable wages 2 The finding of Larson et al -that 38 5% of emerging adults with children were food insecure, compared with 21 6% of those without children-underscores the need for solutions that disrupt intergenerational cycles Black K through 12 students are more than three times more likely to be suspended or expelled than are White students,5 which may significantly limit access to the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs, the nation's key tools in the fight against child food insecurity" }, { "paper": "3004783896", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2020", "title": "u s prosecutor leading china probe explains effort that led to charges against harvard chemist", "label": [ "199539241", "191935318" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "U.S. prosecutor leading China probe explains effort that led to charges against Harvard chemist", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3044920242", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2020", "title": "research security bill advances in u s senate despite opposition from research groups", "label": [ "199539241", "2780668109" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Research security bill advances in U.S. Senate despite opposition from research groups", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2984382962", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2020", "title": "police integration and support for anti government violence in divided societies evidence from iraq", "label": [ "2777593458", "81631423", "3651065", "2776051254", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2311634454" ], "reference": [ "406856263", "577706268", "589712077", "593339098", "605607503", "1500563071", "1511409035", "1553935800", "1725976271", "1770574608", "1963684265", "2005247187", "2009595209", "2012275303", "2027570528", "2027832732", "2033394450", "2034328075", "2047156377", "2059818569", "2067844392", "2092564267", "2098644581", "2113441727", "2119655503", "2127590108", "2137935693", "2144384377", "2149761346", "2151780178", "2152808541", "2156670297", "2159191507", "2169685578", "2169704614", "2182790836", "2272923294", "2291509161", "2346437820", "2496944131", "2560202234", "2607462716", "3121284513", "3121778757", "3122074090", "3125412059", "3125959003", "3206814285" ], "abstract": "how does the demographic makeup of the police affect violent conflict in divided societies i argue that following a shift in relative group power integrating the police rank and file addresses in", "title_raw": "Police integration and support for anti-government violence in divided societies: Evidence from Iraq:", "abstract_raw": "How does the demographic makeup of the police affect violent conflict in divided societies? I argue that following a shift in relative group power, integrating the police rank-and-file addresses in..." }, { "paper": "2905189797", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2020", "title": "agenda control and electoral success in the us house", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "2130194190", "2171042352" ], "reference": [ "1895733307", "1930711033", "1972169179", "1982968626", "1987856707", "2005717697", "2034293871", "2078354979", "2098856577", "2104690367", "2129339649", "2131379912", "2149150235", "2152967365", "2158997225", "2186788878", "2299080250", "2323752438", "2334633004", "3121248383", "3121294067", "3121689245", "3122988653", "3126077205" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Agenda Control and Electoral Success in the US House", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2951003054", "venue": "179028992", "year": "2020", "title": "downbound spiral economic grievances perceived social protection and political distrust", "label": [ "2777433830", "94625758", "138368954", "2778321746" ], "author": [ "2621371407", "126728532" ], "reference": [ "183650124", "432641530", "611029866", "618764699", "641814308", "1120725771", "1510169698", "1578906839", "1677355571", "1807369250", "1948186791", "1964361362", "1988531754", "1993468975", "1999625018", "2017739282", "2036911151", "2073443918", "2085576555", "2094514178", "2097747135", "2113913344", "2114214745", "2119207686", "2120809051", "2121004042", "2132841365", "2135767433", "2143015963", "2156670190", "2157979842", "2187246322", "2210556322", "2344272399", "2352948733", "2488243047", "2489412251", "2491965647", "2498974463", "2506968431", "2591047268", "2608452277", "2624790950", "2796574707", "2799412223", "2884083992", "2896957504", "2982099732", "3122269084", "3123053713", "3200476578" ], "abstract": "momentous events in western democracies have brought renewed attention to how various aspects of government controlled policy outputs and outcomes affect citizens trust in politics unlike most pr", "title_raw": "Downbound spiral? Economic grievances, perceived social protection and political distrust", "abstract_raw": "Momentous events in Western democracies have brought renewed attention to how various aspects of government-controlled policy outputs and outcomes affect citizens\u2019 trust in politics. Unlike most pr..." }, { "paper": "2984755759", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2020", "title": "designing authoritarian deliberation how social media platforms influence political talk in china", "label": [ "200288055", "134698397", "2776946740", "68346564", "518677369", "94625758", "191935318" ], "author": [ "1967140375", "2488268818", "2989125977" ], "reference": [ "414025886", "651954748", "657726360", "1274346902", "1495370245", "1544680749", "1572422513", "1576410536", "1591642243", "1597095499", "1825225513", "1920220813", "1959725665", "1970950875", "1972779705", "1979311193", "1979575328", "1980741095", "1991027700", "2004603793", "2026318959", "2055599153", "2059205332", "2064570999", "2070947222", "2091909921", "2091919924", "2104786678", "2117454565", "2117851540", "2118297042", "2119652014", "2126661283", "2130088132", "2132282266", "2133166304", "2137345479", "2138468781", "2144153839", "2150394933", "2151322535", "2153972211", "2163837035", "2165917068", "2168090696", "2171323324", "2263766421", "2288730841", "2317518267", "2342482369", "2484571142", "2508098257", "2521409054", "2525556068", "2551454617", "2615931598", "2741445211", "2762633747", "2810182135", "2893750704", "2972768705", "3121805159", "3121905661", "3122568333", "3123667390", "3123893648", "3124321814", "3125908829" ], "abstract": "discussion is often celebrated as a critical element of public opinion and political participation recently scholars have suggested that the design and features of specific online platforms shape", "title_raw": "Designing authoritarian deliberation: how social media platforms influence political talk in China", "abstract_raw": "Discussion is often celebrated as a critical element of public opinion and political participation. Recently, scholars have suggested that the design and features of specific online platforms shape..." }, { "paper": "3105822677", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2020", "title": "africa s totalitarian temptation the evolution of autocratic regimes", "label": [ "94625758", "144661447", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2599385302" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "differing intensities of coercive projection of power in parts of africa would have prompted peterson s title of africa s totalitarian temptation the author sees that a political practice that d", "title_raw": "Africa\u2019s totalitarian temptation: the evolution of autocratic regimes", "abstract_raw": "Differing intensities of coercive projection of power in parts of Africa would have prompted Peterson's title of \u201cAfrica's Totalitarian Temptation\u201d. The author sees that a political practice that d..." }, { "paper": "3041264739", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2020", "title": "the state of american federalism 2019 2020 polarized and punitive intergovernmental relations", "label": [ "125505783", "160735492", "83645499", "70036468", "2908542518", "533735693", "109986646" ], "author": [ "111609373", "2252060508" ], "reference": [ "409561902", "1202818646", "1505483790", "1506380772", "1985758809", "2108545570", "2114170163", "2125185021", "2131588653", "2160421049", "2166582605", "2303411141", "2563066167", "2590269608", "2617584031", "2619183996", "2624350303", "2743624445", "2780500558", "2795757525", "2796644927", "2801407725", "2804839475", "2949312871", "2954025098", "2960698113", "3018755410", "3105151179", "3121343044", "3121368744", "3122511302" ], "abstract": "the state of american federalism is characterized by polarization and punitiveness as in previous years political polarization continues to shape intergovernmental relations but we also identify punitiveness as an increasingly prevalent aspect of vertical power sharing punitive federalism describes the national government s use of threats and punishment to suppress state and local actions that run contrary to its policy preferences in this annual review of american federalism overview article we introduce the concept of punitive federalism and discuss its application to contemporary public policy we also highlight federalism implications concerning the covid 19 pandemic discuss recent policy developments concerning the environment gender identity health care immigration reproductive choice and sexual orientation and review recent supreme court decisions that impact intergovernmental relations", "title_raw": "The State of American Federalism 2019\u20132020: Polarized and Punitive Intergovernmental Relations", "abstract_raw": "The state of American federalism is characterized by polarization and punitiveness As in previous years, political polarization continues to shape intergovernmental relations But we also identify punitiveness as an increasingly prevalent aspect of vertical power sharing Punitive federalism describes the national government\u2019s use of threats and punishment to suppress state and local actions that run contrary to its policy preferences In this Annual Review of American Federalism overview article, we introduce the concept of punitive federalism and discuss its application to contemporary public policy We also highlight federalism implications concerning the COVID-19 pandemic;discuss recent policy developments concerning the environment, gender identity, health care, immigration, reproductive choice, and sexual orientation;and review recent Supreme Court decisions that impact intergovernmental relations" }, { "paper": "3004433783", "venue": "9731383", "year": "2020", "title": "universities commitment to interdisciplinary research to what end", "label": [ "39549134", "2776424047", "182566" ], "author": [ "1839883304", "2789503019" ], "reference": [ "580048775", "1516931381", "1552902948", "1562992755", "1587511915", "1866188188", "1887814245", "1972571191", "1972935709", "1973174134", "1973768457", "1978463523", "1993885404", "1999923533", "2001554736", "2006847705", "2007132995", "2009863476", "2010370212", "2010446703", "2011126613", "2011512618", "2015759343", "2022922494", "2026293735", "2028602070", "2031167030", "2033022396", "2037418727", "2052344086", "2055135206", "2059218958", "2059334100", "2060828353", "2061715154", "2062888282", "2066752129", "2068155429", "2070633719", "2073548924", "2075097099", "2082412627", "2089082869", "2089161684", "2090497605", "2096424005", "2098715985", "2100390860", "2101633219", "2106862908", "2116489627", "2120720599", "2121285273", "2122831750", "2126059605", "2133134660", "2134548375", "2138260574", "2141107362", "2149939814", "2154053722", "2163354434", "2171060319", "2171375063", "2304609559", "2414224358", "2463624569", "2482800252", "2491363313", "2505416401", "2580102975", "2790337723", "2892247020", "2902362757", "2913773162", "2914486455", "3022518651", "3121899766", "3122858658", "3123927737", "3124862603", "3124931347" ], "abstract": "abstract in recent decades research universities have been engaged in fostering interdisciplinary research idr in an attempt to support high impact research that can benefit not only the greater good but also their bottom line a common way to enhance interdisciplinary momentum and foster idr is to alter the organizational structure and its basic units departments and centers what are the consequences of such structural changes in short we do not know to date there has been no large scale quantitative assessment of whether and how universities commitments to interdisciplinary research are successful in fostering interdisciplinary research to address this gap within the literature we collect a wealth of numeric and textual data on 156 research universities nationwide to assess whether structural commitments to idr influence general research activity e g publications external grants as well as interdisciplinary research activity our results suggest that structural commitment to idr does indeed produce some of its intended effects we found that universities commitment to idr as manifested in their organizational structure i e the number and interdisciplinary nature of key research units departments and centers spurs both scholarly research and nih grant activity in general and interdisciplinary research and nih grant activity in particular these results suggest that efforts to develop and reorganize academic units are not futile rather when value commitments are made tangible via foundational research units like departments and centers they can have their intended consequences", "title_raw": "Universities\u2019 commitment to interdisciplinary research: To what end?", "abstract_raw": "Abstract In recent decades, research universities have been engaged in fostering interdisciplinary research (IDR) in an attempt to support high-impact research that can benefit not only the greater good, but also their bottom line. A common way to enhance \u201cinterdisciplinary momentum\u201d and foster IDR is to alter the organizational structure and its basic units: departments and centers. What are the consequences of such structural changes? In short, we do not know. To date there has been no large-scale quantitative assessment of whether and how universities\u2019 commitments to interdisciplinary research are successful in fostering interdisciplinary research. To address this gap within the literature, we collect a wealth of numeric and textual data on 156 research universities nationwide to assess whether structural commitments to IDR influence general research activity (e.g., publications, external grants) as well as interdisciplinary research activity. Our results suggest that structural commitment to IDR does indeed produce some of its intended effects. We found that universities\u2019 commitment to IDR, as manifested in their organizational structure (i.e., the number and interdisciplinary nature of key research units: departments and centers), spurs both scholarly research and NIH grant activity in general, and interdisciplinary research and NIH grant activity in particular. These results suggest that efforts to develop and reorganize academic units are not futile; rather, when value commitments are made tangible via foundational research units like departments and centers, they can have their intended consequences." }, { "paper": "3026666332", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2020", "title": "investment in local health shaping institutions reconsidering the role of the religious environment", "label": [ "2778149918" ], "author": [ "3028489569" ], "reference": [ "140546053", "1943574499", "1970904728", "1971753106", "1977194227", "1980644433", "1985153102", "1986166543", "1986316027", "1990407269", "1990465592", "1990474498", "1998866321", "2000953272", "2011889787", "2013588287", "2020070617", "2023284800", "2027043286", "2030002650", "2035656792", "2045386250", "2047490255", "2055010232", "2059331732", "2062337042", "2067182892", "2067423772", "2071872592", "2076509016", "2076926161", "2078276579", "2082642831", "2089198139", "2102346413", "2104180476", "2107193784", "2108726291", "2111148643", "2126589517", "2133784261", "2136434894", "2137248932", "2141146741", "2149055705", "2163430099", "2171291912", "2172046725", "2252700284", "2313188333", "2325562942", "2346373677", "2529739919", "2554002093", "2616329901", "2622924255", "2766415099", "2800846274", "3111789569", "3127274693" ], "abstract": "a body of research dating back to durkheim has linked religious environments to population health and mortality rates scholars have argued that local religious subcultures influence population health through important pathways including a community s propensity to invest in health shaping institutions such as public hospitals a noticeable shortcoming of this literature however is a lack of evidence that these mechanisms exist as proposed this study uses county level data from the 2010 religious congregations and membership study and the 2012 u s census of governments to examine contextual religion s relationship with public investment in health shaping institutions findings suggest that associations between religious traditions and institutional investment explain a significant and notable portion of the total effect of these traditions on mortality rates this manuscript applies a more refined approach to studying health shaping investment and the results suggest interesting new directions in the study of cultural determinants of population health", "title_raw": "Investment in local health-shaping institutions: Reconsidering the role of the religious environment", "abstract_raw": "A body of research dating back to Durkheim has linked religious environments to population health and mortality rates. Scholars have argued that local religious subcultures influence population health through important pathways, including a community's propensity to invest in health-shaping institutions - such as public hospitals. A noticeable shortcoming of this literature, however, is a lack of evidence that these mechanisms exist as proposed. This study uses county-level data from the 2010 Religious Congregations and Membership Study and the 2012 U.S. Census of Governments to examine contextual religion's relationship with public investment in health-shaping institutions. Findings suggest that associations between religious traditions and institutional investment explain a significant and notable portion of the total effect of these traditions on mortality rates. This manuscript applies a more refined approach to studying health-shaping investment, and the results suggest interesting new directions in the study of cultural determinants of population health." }, { "paper": "3007113369", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2020", "title": "neoliberal representations of muslims and the islamic world a discourse analysis of imaginative geographies in brazilian local and regional print media", "label": [ "121658072", "558299567" ], "author": [ "2637475923" ], "reference": [ "1520981907", "1596489005", "1924022877", "1966713634", "1982979441", "1993530341", "1994139166", "2007635059", "2019460807", "2030257251", "2036189144", "2073729230", "2093563629", "2111727027", "2122364768", "2122707570", "2154830760", "2154842930", "2471027768", "2490570617", "2494338929", "2495881177", "2736889650", "2773887871", "2911807249" ], "abstract": "since 9 11 representations of muslims and the islamic world in western mass media have received much scholarly attention not least because such representations influence how muslims are perceived", "title_raw": "Neoliberal representations of Muslims and the Islamic world: a discourse analysis of imaginative geographies in Brazilian local and regional print media", "abstract_raw": "Since 9/11, representations of Muslims and the Islamic world in Western mass media have received much scholarly attention, not least because such representations influence how Muslims are perceived..." }, { "paper": "3111516959", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2020", "title": "breaking the two party doom loop the case for multiparty democracy in america by lee drutman new york oxford university press 2020 368p 27 95 cloth", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "725954823" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Breaking the Two-Party Doom Loop: The Case for Multiparty Democracy in America. By Lee Drutman. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. 368p. $27.95 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3003486494", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2020", "title": "the meaning of the european union and public support for european integration", "label": [ "2777433830", "2778407155", "2776554220" ], "author": [ "3003754498" ], "reference": [ "1492382734", "1897382477", "1916629047", "2001759334", "2017887842", "2044070786", "2062662966", "2095838103", "2096747026", "2097279086", "2098146914", "2112825415", "2115469588", "2119192262", "2133462484", "2138099878", "2141102386", "2169542922", "2316662493", "2428191847", "2474320911", "2475558108", "2499983945", "2796433134" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Meaning of the European Union and Public Support for European Integration", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3025979749", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2020", "title": "unveiling warp speed the white house s america first push for a coronavirus vaccine", "label": [ "48284413", "2778203169", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2497323860" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "conventional wisdom is that a vaccine for covid 19 is at least 1 year away but the organizers of a u s government push called operation warp speed have little use for conventional wisdom the project vaguely described to date but likely to be formally announced by the white house in the coming days will pick a diverse set of vaccine candidates and pour essentially limitless resources into unprecedented comparative studies in animals fast tracked human trials and manufacturing eschewing international cooperation and any vaccine candidates from china it hopes to have 300 million doses by january 2021 of a proven product reserved for americans", "title_raw": "Unveiling \u2018Warp Speed,\u2019 the White House\u2019s America-first push for a coronavirus vaccine", "abstract_raw": "Conventional wisdom is that a vaccine for COVID-19 is at least 1 year away, but the organizers of a U S government push called Operation Warp Speed have little use for conventional wisdom The project, vaguely described to date but likely to be formally announced by the White House in the coming days, will pick a diverse set of vaccine candidates and pour essentially limitless resources into unprecedented comparative studies in animals, fast-tracked human trials, and manufacturing Eschewing international cooperation\u2014and any vaccine candidates from China\u2014it hopes to have 300 million doses by January 2021 of a proven product, reserved for Americans" }, { "paper": "3084261190", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2020", "title": "network origins of the global economy east vs west in a complex systems perspective", "label": [ "203458295" ], "author": [ "2256624000" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Network origins of the global economy: East vs. West in a complex systems perspective", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3005354350", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2020", "title": "prosecutor details china probe that snared chemist", "label": [ "199539241", "139621336", "191935318" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the 28 january arrest of harvard university chemist charles lieber shined a spotlight on a 15 month campaign by the u s department of justice aimed at blunting china9s aggressive efforts to acquire cutting edge technologies in an interview with science u s attorney andrew lelling describes the department9s broader strategy of investigating nontraditional collectors from academia and high tech companies why lieber9s failure to disclose his dealings with the wuhan university of technology raised a red flag and what scientists need to do to avoid facing federal prosecution", "title_raw": "Prosecutor details China probe that snared chemist.", "abstract_raw": "The 28 January arrest of Harvard University chemist Charles Lieber shined a spotlight on a 15-month campaign by the U.S. Department of Justice aimed at blunting China9s aggressive efforts to acquire cutting-edge technologies. In an interview with Science, U.S. Attorney Andrew Lelling describes the department9s broader strategy of investigating \"nontraditional collectors\" from academia and high-tech companies, why Lieber9s failure to disclose his dealings with the Wuhan University of Technology raised a red flag, and what scientists need to do to avoid facing federal prosecution." }, { "paper": "3010904580", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2020", "title": "journalism as an advocacy tool negotiating boundaries of professionalism in the 20th century american environmental movement", "label": [ "2776475305", "199776023", "2780280939", "119513131", "2776171531" ], "author": [ "2752856290" ], "reference": [ "1408991106", "1565022202", "2070283890", "2079070678", "2955247210" ], "abstract": "environmental nongovernmental organizations faced unprecedented opportunities after public interest in environmental issues exploded in the 1960s drawing on the official archives of the wilderness", "title_raw": "Journalism as an Advocacy Tool: Negotiating Boundaries of Professionalism in the 20th-Century American Environmental Movement:", "abstract_raw": "Environmental nongovernmental organizations faced unprecedented opportunities after public interest in environmental issues exploded in the 1960s. Drawing on the official archives of the Wilderness..." }, { "paper": "3000660151", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2020", "title": "research on embryo like structures struggles to win us government funding", "label": [ "148834064", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2708375568" ], "reference": [ "2029669342", "2337398632", "2345969966", "2972524623", "2982474786", "2982538488", "2999374468" ], "abstract": "biologists say they need clearer guidelines on funding rules for this nascent field biologists say they need clearer guidelines on funding rules for this nascent field", "title_raw": "Research on embryo-like structures struggles to win US government funding.", "abstract_raw": "Biologists say they need clearer guidelines on funding rules for this nascent field. Biologists say they need clearer guidelines on funding rules for this nascent field." }, { "paper": "3111102526", "venue": "167854760", "year": "2020", "title": "fortress tourism exploring dynamics of tourism security and peace around the virunga transboundary conservation area", "label": [ "18918823", "2779449393" ], "author": [ "3111121534", "2516966569" ], "reference": [ "41893868", "46134829", "98453348", "650462209", "758522006", "1486149468", "1573871725", "1589448435", "1598507346", "1600031337", "1683778927", "1872752585", "1964166038", "1964930372", "1980178130", "1991221906", "1999263538", "2003879332", "2015038397", "2028511217", "2039240066", "2042040000", "2056321986", "2059241579", "2062227867", "2064579218", "2068812847", "2071966441", "2080577950", "2080840061", "2087411274", "2095102289", "2113442099", "2124154815", "2135345740", "2150219368", "2161551760", "2163621568", "2196193472", "2198409240", "2317102719", "2403420910", "2416333203", "2496090080", "2502980948", "2518085740", "2560364009", "2567289819", "2599064208", "2766224378", "2789637449", "2884558924", "2970177576", "3000470710", "3003089640", "3015682228", "3022032604", "3080608355" ], "abstract": "this paper examines the role of tourism in promoting peace around transboundary protected areas tbpa in conflict affected regions through a case study of the virunga tbpa straddling the democrati", "title_raw": "Fortress tourism: exploring dynamics of tourism, security and peace around the Virunga transboundary conservation area", "abstract_raw": "This paper examines the role of tourism in promoting peace around transboundary protected areas (TBPA) in conflict-affected regions through a case study of the Virunga TBPA straddling the Democrati..." }, { "paper": "3035767610", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2020", "title": "home rule national sovereignty and the separation of natives and migrants nandita sharma durham nc duke university press 2020 pp 384", "label": [ "135121143", "186229450", "67860675", "29852176", "2776398702", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2519335491" ], "reference": [ "399423533", "618153847", "1985776398" ], "abstract": "in response the wet suwet en as well as long standing and emergent allies targeted critical infrastructure grinding the flow of capital to a near halt and adopted three key slogans reconciliation is dead shutdown canada and land back extending work begun in her first book home economics 2006 sharma accounts for how the violence direct and structural targeting those whom state authorities label as migrants is not incidental to the global state system but rather essential to reproducing its governing logics sharma s commitment to a macro historical lens while not without merit forces her attention solely on hegemonic political formations", "title_raw": "Home Rule: National Sovereignty and the Separation of Natives and Migrants Nandita Sharma, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2020, pp. 384", "abstract_raw": "In response the Wet'suwet'en, as well as long-standing and emergent allies, targeted critical infrastructure, grinding the flow of capital to a near halt, and adopted three key slogans: \u201cReconciliation Is Dead,\u201d \u201cShutdown Canada\u201d and \u201cLand Back \u201d Extending work begun in her first book, Home Economics (2006), Sharma accounts for how the violence\u2014direct and structural\u2014targeting those whom state authorities label as \u201cMigrants\u201d is not incidental to the global state system but, rather, essential to reproducing its governing logics [ ]Sharma's commitment to a macro-historical lens\u2014while not without merit\u2014forces her attention solely on hegemonic political formations" }, { "paper": "2996610311", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2020", "title": "secrets to writing a winning grant", "label": [ "2779473830", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2096452517" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "experienced scientists reveal how to avoid application pitfalls to submit successful proposals experienced scientists reveal how to avoid application pitfalls to submit successful proposals", "title_raw": "Secrets to writing a winning grant.", "abstract_raw": "Experienced scientists reveal how to avoid application pitfalls to submit successful proposals. Experienced scientists reveal how to avoid application pitfalls to submit successful proposals." }, { "paper": "2946507028", "venue": "12189451", "year": "2020", "title": "the origins of the 17 point agreement of 23 may 1951 between the chinese central government and the tibetan local government", "label": [ "148834064", "2778304055", "3116431", "62908951", "191935318", "199776023", "2778719706" ], "author": [ "2946530646" ], "reference": [ "626752205", "2115842553", "2618446364" ], "abstract": "immediately following the battle of chamdo in october 1950 during the period between november 1950 and april 1951 the leaders of the new people s republic of china prc had two priorities in regard to tibet the first was to persuade the tibetan government to send delegates to beijing as soon as possible in order to start negotiations and the second was to prevent the dalai lama from fleeing tibet using chinese documents that offer a new version of the process that led to these negotiations this study without addressing the international issues in detail illustrates how the leaders of the prc either with promises threats or even by bluff were able to attain their goals", "title_raw": "The Origins of the 17-Point Agreement of 23 May 1951 between the Chinese Central Government and the Tibetan \u201cLocal Government\u201d", "abstract_raw": "Immediately following the Battle of Chamdo in October 1950, during the period between November 1950 and April 1951, the leaders of the new People's Republic of China (PRC) had two priorities in regard to Tibet. The first was to persuade the Tibetan government to send delegates to Beijing as soon as possible in order to start \u201cnegotiations,\u201d and the second was to prevent the Dalai Lama from fleeing Tibet. Using Chinese documents that offer a new version of the process that led to these \u201cnegotiations,\u201d this study, without addressing the international issues in detail, illustrates how the leaders of the PRC, either with promises, threats or even by bluff, were able to attain their goals." }, { "paper": "3034576625", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2020", "title": "u s news world report best colleges rankings which institutional metrics contribute to sustained stratification", "label": [ "148834064", "2780510313", "120912362", "2779322186", "2775987171" ], "author": [ "2319781557", "2745741735", "2345750404" ], "reference": [ "1880554284", "1964823414", "1970185408", "1975675295", "1983258507", "2001112143", "2019228727", "2019553153", "2031838211", "2033669038", "2056477918", "2098247831", "2122617361", "2138411777", "2140336939", "2169600528", "2902105270", "2936010784", "3125890082" ], "abstract": "universities compete to improve their ranking in the different ranking systems and expend resources toward this goal higher rankings attract elite students research funds government and public support among other benefits however perhaps the most influential ranking system in u s contexts the u s news world report best colleges rankings has largely remained unchanged for decades leading researchers to question how highly ranked institutions remain atop the rankings as a result the focus of this study was to examine all institutions reporting complete statistics to u s news in 2018 n 228 and develop experimental algorithms to learn which ranking criteria most contribute to an institution s overall ranking of the 28 major ranking metrics most algorithms demonstrated that predicted graduation rate six year graduation rate and peer assessment best predicted overall u s news ranking however predicted graduation rate and peer assessment are highly subjective and speculative in nature possibly contributing to the sustained stratification of u s news rankings", "title_raw": "U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges rankings: Which institutional metrics contribute to sustained stratification?", "abstract_raw": "Universities compete to improve their ranking in the different ranking systems and expend resources toward this goal. Higher rankings attract elite students, research funds, government and public support, among other benefits. However, perhaps the most influential ranking system in U.S. contexts\u2014the U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges rankings\u2014has largely remained unchanged for decades, leading researchers to question how highly-ranked institutions remain atop the rankings. As a result, the focus of this study was to examine all institutions reporting complete statistics to U.S. News in 2018 (n\u2009=\u2009228) and develop experimental algorithms to learn which ranking criteria most contribute to an institution\u2019s overall ranking. Of the 28 major ranking metrics, most algorithms demonstrated that predicted graduation rate, six-year graduation rate, and peer assessment best predicted overall U.S. News ranking. However, predicted graduation rate and peer assessment are highly subjective and speculative in nature, possibly contributing to the sustained stratification of U.S. News rankings." }, { "paper": "3010414555", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2020", "title": "post conflict justice in divided democracies the 1984 anti sikh riots in india", "label": [ "2776007630", "139621336", "2781395907", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2161086783", "2003141288" ], "reference": [ "1595034411", "1653276541", "2005675677", "2011381076", "2014530911", "2029403609", "2036786756", "2038054801", "2067571598", "2072903457", "2082870679", "2104658516", "2105490454", "2109408118", "2121910024", "2136274641", "2150663338", "2323207958", "2337119448", "2345586498", "2495161592", "2496937456", "2498096173", "2591885753", "2626264914", "2797117580" ], "abstract": "official figures claim that almost 3000 people were killed and many more injured or displaced in four days of rioting aimed at the sikh population of delhi in late october and early november 1984", "title_raw": "Post-conflict justice in divided democracies: the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in India", "abstract_raw": "Official figures claim that almost 3000 people were killed, and many more injured or displaced, in four days of rioting aimed at the Sikh population of Delhi in late October and early November 1984..." }, { "paper": "2977294004", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2020", "title": "improving data quality in face to face survey research", "label": [ "94625758", "39549134", "184356942" ], "author": [ "2156975394", "2979281386", "2144962436", "2274642341" ], "reference": [ "2012210612", "2183616595", "3123296903" ], "abstract": "data quality in survey research remains a paramount concern for those studying mass political behavior because surveys are conducted in increasingly diverse contexts around the world ensuring that best practices are followed becomes ever more important to the field of political science bringing together insights from surveys conducted in more than 80 countries worldwide this article highlights common challenges faced in survey research and outlines steps that researchers can take to improve the quality of survey data importantly the article demonstrates that with the investment of the necessary time and resources it is possible to carry out high quality survey research even in challenging environments in which survey research is not well established", "title_raw": "Improving Data Quality in Face-to-Face Survey Research", "abstract_raw": "Data quality in survey research remains a paramount concern for those studying mass political behavior. Because surveys are conducted in increasingly diverse contexts around the world, ensuring that best practices are followed becomes ever more important to the field of political science. Bringing together insights from surveys conducted in more than 80 countries worldwide, this article highlights common challenges faced in survey research and outlines steps that researchers can take to improve the quality of survey data. Importantly, the article demonstrates that with the investment of the necessary time and resources, it is possible to carry out high-quality survey research even in challenging environments in which survey research is not well established." }, { "paper": "3021902804", "venue": "71119591", "year": "2020", "title": "an interactive model of democratic peace", "label": [ "555826173", "2777026412", "34355311" ], "author": [ "2124534323", "2781742141", "282519869" ], "reference": [ "1816112337", "1970932621", "1982277901", "1987566178", "1987673617", "2008075096", "2011415630", "2016087709", "2027781606", "2030548645", "2034614426", "2034796359", "2043124776", "2054902295", "2055393223", "2063829818", "2073099922", "2076313235", "2083158579", "2083620364", "2086309245", "2092905977", "2099304543", "2100601176", "2108378466", "2110488634", "2114489256", "2123808126", "2132975879", "2147323921", "2150453489", "2151554893", "2153088483", "2154979475", "2160446276", "2165554375", "2165757691", "2166504420", "2167679409", "2169745383", "2171514287", "2230625449", "2325677953", "2413048590", "2413750372", "2554563129", "2564880530", "2811808772", "3122146884", "3125244167", "3125937743", "3146529967" ], "abstract": "democracies do not take up arms against each other although this axiom has attained the status of a mantra in the field of international relations this statement is much more complex than it appe", "title_raw": "An interactive model of democratic peace", "abstract_raw": "Democracies do not take up arms against each other. Although this axiom has attained the status of a mantra in the field of international relations, this statement is much more complex than it appe..." }, { "paper": "2999905984", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2020", "title": "framing ocean acidification to mobilise action under multilateral environmental agreements", "label": [ "2775884135", "2778447849", "2777499333" ], "author": [ "1967254358" ], "reference": [ "63350204", "89000178", "90715051", "642637748", "1466451766", "1495191584", "1548924988", "1550574044", "1900270404", "1980889229", "1987595213", "1990013403", "2000341521", "2004728809", "2017327717", "2018825977", "2030827522", "2036219106", "2041285431", "2046860117", "2053277983", "2056160639", "2058427515", "2059770691", "2060012482", "2064601539", "2074344449", "2080832474", "2081395300", "2095807316", "2096452841", "2099318512", "2099669431", "2111568866", "2112332882", "2113297575", "2115028193", "2116003930", "2116254729", "2120240281", "2130878599", "2143417106", "2144920118", "2145406894", "2145649387", "2150195288", "2162602285", "2167352952", "2262378901", "2268869119", "2345686940", "2472427132", "2578985014", "2587272299", "2607224036", "2807516628", "2884219985", "2896192608", "2905918649", "2921020983", "2954084961", "3028719935", "3125141490", "3142242057" ], "abstract": "abstract ocean acidification has long been framed by its epistemic community as a problem of carbon dioxide emissions that is concurrent to climate change framing ocean acidification in this way has been effective at garnering policy action at the domestic level in the united states it is argued however in this paper that this framing has been counterproductive at the international level resulting in two main impediments to the international governance of this issue firstly defining ocean acidification as a concurrent problem to climate change rather than as an impact of it has resulted in the united nations framework convention on climate change being interpreted as containing no obligation to address ocean acidification secondly focussing almost solely on the reduction of global emissions of carbon dioxide as the only global solution to ocean acidification has resulted in ocean and biodiversity related regimes that do not have the mandate to regulate co2 emissions as being viewed as without the recourse to respond through an examination of the causes and consequences of ocean acidification and the general objectives of existing multilateral environmental agreements a set of alternative problem frames are developed in this paper that could be deployed to mobilize action under existing environmental regimes", "title_raw": "Framing ocean acidification to mobilise action under multilateral environmental agreements", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Ocean acidification has long been framed by its epistemic community as a problem of carbon dioxide emissions that is concurrent to climate change. Framing ocean acidification in this way has been effective at garnering policy action at the domestic level in the United States. It is argued, however, in this paper that this framing has been counterproductive at the international level, resulting in two main impediments to the international governance of this issue. Firstly, defining ocean acidification as a concurrent problem to climate change, rather than as an impact of it, has resulted in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change being interpreted as containing no obligation to address ocean acidification. Secondly, focussing almost solely on the reduction of global emissions of carbon dioxide as the only global solution to ocean acidification has resulted in ocean and biodiversity-related regimes that do not have the mandate to regulate CO2 emissions as being viewed as without the recourse to respond. Through an examination of the causes and consequences of ocean acidification and the general objectives of existing multilateral environmental agreements, a set of alternative problem frames are developed in this paper that could be deployed to mobilize action under existing environmental regimes." }, { "paper": "3043370400", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2020", "title": "restart science stronger after covid 19", "label": [ "2776535583", "44877443", "2778139618", "199728807", "47177190", "160842062" ], "author": [ "429754291" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "as the scientific enterprise and its supporting institutions rebuild from the disruptions caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 covid 19 pandemic we must support the graduate students and young investigators whose developing careers have been interrupted or irretrievably damaged even before the pandemic the next generation of the scientific workforce faced problems such as limited job opportunities and narrow career training inadequate mentoring and a less diverse and inclusive scientific establishment 1 1 2 2 studies of these challenges have yielded recommendations for at least partial solutions but few changes have been implemented 1 1 2 2 the pandemic has now increased the urgency of these issues which must be addressed if science is to thrive in the future more than 60 of new ph d s will not pursue careers in academic research graduate curricula must therefore be at least partially redesigned to accommodate their broader career interests 3 3 mentorship quality can be improved with appropriate faculty training 4 4 the lack of diversity equity and inclusion in science must be taken seriously and ameliorated resources may have to be redistributed to ensure that younger scientists have independent careers earlier than has become common let us not waste the opportunity presented by this crisis to address longstanding problems as we rebuild we should look hard at our own enterprise make some changes and restart science stronger 1 5 national academies of sciences engineering and medicine graduate stem education for the 21st century national academies press 2018 2 6 national academies of sciences engineering and medicine the next generation of biomedical and behavioral sciences researchers breaking through national academies press 2018 3 7 council of graduate schools understanding career pathways for program improvement council of graduate schools 2015 4 8 national academies of sciences engineering and medicine the science of effective mentorship in stemm national academies press 2019 1 ref 1 2 ref 2 3 ref 3 4 ref 4 5 xref ref 1 1 view reference 1 in text 6 xref ref 2 1 view reference 2 in text 7 xref ref 3 1 view reference 3 in text 8 xref ref 4 1 view reference 4 in text", "title_raw": "Restart science stronger after COVID-19.", "abstract_raw": "As the scientific enterprise and its supporting institutions rebuild from the disruptions caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we must support the graduate students and young investigators whose developing careers have been interrupted or irretrievably damaged. Even before the pandemic, the next generation of the scientific workforce faced problems such as limited job opportunities and narrow career training, inadequate mentoring, and a less diverse and inclusive scientific establishment ( [1][1] , [2][2] ). Studies of these challenges have yielded recommendations for at least partial solutions, but few changes have been implemented ( [1][1] , [2][2] ). The pandemic has now increased the urgency of these issues, which must be addressed if science is to thrive in the future.\n\nMore than 60% of new Ph.D.s will not pursue careers in academic research. Graduate curricula must therefore be at least partially redesigned to accommodate their broader career interests ( [3][3] ). Mentorship quality can be improved with appropriate faculty training ( [4][4] ). The lack of diversity, equity, and inclusion in science must be taken seriously and ameliorated. Resources may have to be redistributed to ensure that younger scientists have independent careers earlier than has become common. Let us not waste the opportunity presented by this crisis to address longstanding problems. As we rebuild, we should look hard at our own enterprise, make some changes, and restart science stronger.\n\n1. [\u21b5][5]National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Graduate STEM Education for the 21st Century (National Academies Press, 2018).\n \n\n2. [\u21b5][6]National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, The Next Generation of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences Researchers: Breaking Through (National Academies Press, 2018).\n \n\n3. [\u21b5][7]Council of Graduate Schools, Understanding Career Pathways for Program Improvement (Council of Graduate Schools, 2015).\n \n\n4. [\u21b5][8]National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, The Science of Effective Mentorship in STEMM (National Academies Press, 2019).\n\n [1]: #ref-1\n [2]: #ref-2\n [3]: #ref-3\n [4]: #ref-4\n [5]: #xref-ref-1-1 \"View reference 1 in text\"\n [6]: #xref-ref-2-1 \"View reference 2 in text\"\n [7]: #xref-ref-3-1 \"View reference 3 in text\"\n [8]: #xref-ref-4-1 \"View reference 4 in text\"" }, { "paper": "2995059817", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2020", "title": "book review social media and the public interest media regulation in the disinformation age by philip m napoli", "label": [ "2778486030", "2776475305", "518677369", "2776552730" ], "author": [ "2905233369" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Social Media and the Public Interest: Media Regulation in the Disinformation Age by Philip M. Napoli:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3027776173", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2020", "title": "eurovisions an exploration and explanation of public preferences for future eu scenarios", "label": [ "134698397" ], "author": [ "2138981108", "2095433962", "233027794" ], "reference": [ "1171993824", "1989517976", "1999625018", "2058216731", "2061802300", "2062662966", "2067056132", "2094842606", "2094938624", "2098146914", "2106247106", "2107710106", "2124331156", "2127668418", "2131804206", "2138099878", "2139234963", "2143755459", "2144712361", "2145186724", "2170814711", "2345677234", "2507821054", "2588781035", "2789509715", "2919320555" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Eurovisions: An Exploration and Explanation of Public Preferences for Future EU Scenarios", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3021787099", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2020", "title": "mid career field switches reduce gender disparities in academic publishing", "label": [ "151719136", "83867959" ], "author": [ "40084183" ], "reference": [ "45640898", "1488354876", "1724112131", "1767272795", "1906377705", "1941388869", "2038960993", "2057994224", "2064854140", "2077968683", "2081042498", "2083562840", "2096133097", "2111109274", "2156897283", "2318511890", "2345822618", "2468587249", "2511375774", "2518493965", "2527098785", "2530828552", "2542575430", "2564429091", "2593686295", "2774939742", "2888890936", "2898206688", "2901023359", "2903667613", "2913638099", "2917199871", "3122946065" ], "abstract": "the continuing low proportions of women in most stem fields in many countries is an ongoing concern with no agreement about the fundamental causes or effective remedial actions one previous study has found that professional women are more likely to switch from a not necessarily academic stem career than professional women in comparable non stem jobs reducing the overall numbers of stem women this study investigates whether the same is true for long term academics and hence could partly account for current gender disparities based on the scopus subject categories of the first and last five publications 2001 2018 of people in 31 countries with publishing careers starting after 2000 female researchers switching fields mid career tend to move to fields with fewer women relative to men switching fields mid career thus mid career field changes within academia do not help to explain continuing gender disparities in publishing and other explanations must be sought", "title_raw": "Mid-career field switches reduce gender disparities in academic publishing", "abstract_raw": "The continuing low proportions of women in most STEM fields in many countries is an ongoing concern, with no agreement about the fundamental causes or effective remedial actions. One previous study has found that professional women are more likely to switch from a (not necessarily academic) STEM career than professional women in comparable non-STEM jobs, reducing the overall numbers of STEM women. This study investigates whether the same is true for long term academics, and hence could partly account for current gender disparities. Based on the Scopus subject categories of the first and last five publications 2001\u20132018 of people in 31 countries with publishing careers starting after 2000, female researchers switching fields mid-career tend to move to fields with fewer women, relative to men switching fields mid-career. Thus, mid-career field changes within academia do not help to explain continuing gender disparities in publishing and other explanations must be sought." }, { "paper": "3082681428", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2020", "title": "how the legal framework for antarctic governance was established", "label": [ "3116431" ], "author": [ "3082455330" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How the Legal Framework for Antarctic Governance Was Established", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2992937600", "venue": "39803240", "year": "2020", "title": "answering the right questions addressing biodiversity conservation in post conflict colombia", "label": [ "148834064" ], "author": [ "2992784942", "2994373398", "2936092853", "2736126135", "2993279544", "2994197924", "2992247398", "2056886133" ], "reference": [ "357555454", "1501623998", "1932314328", "1968914585", "1978372978", "1989175825", "2033877278", "2060182389", "2111622871", "2118588195", "2122737105", "2131022626", "2139433020", "2139909407", "2161163382", "2240095822", "2516627495", "2527912755", "2580405860", "2582743722", "2584440925", "2587077402", "2591834769", "2592051410", "2610046526", "2641176341", "2729288110", "2731133725", "2751844216", "2768451149", "2787194572", "2788413099", "2791816664", "2884740958", "2943597016", "2989582576", "3041826856" ], "abstract": "abstract the post conflict scenario in colombia poses several environmental urgencies making it necessary to identify and prioritize new challenges for biodiversity conservation and ecosystems management it is critical to understand how government agencies ngos and academics perceive these challenges as they all contribute to fundamental decision making on environmental issues to achieve this objective we formulated fifty two research questions that were edited evaluated and prioritized by members of each group in a dedicated workshop ten of these questions were identified as top priorities and shared with twenty additional members of each group perceptions and rankings of the ten priority questions were then compared among groups but no statistical difference was found these results highlight that broadly similar goals for biodiversity conservation are shared by all key decision makers in post conflict colombia namely conservation through sustainable management practices and development of local economies previously affected by the conflict the process of developing and prioritizing these research questions helped to identify key drivers of biodiversity loss and create a research agenda to mitigate environmental impacts in post conflict colombia", "title_raw": "Answering the right questions. Addressing biodiversity conservation in post-conflict Colombia", "abstract_raw": "Abstract The post-conflict scenario in Colombia poses several environmental urgencies, making it necessary to identify and prioritize new challenges for biodiversity conservation and ecosystems management. It is critical to understand how government agencies, NGOs, and academics perceive these challenges, as they all contribute to fundamental decision-making on environmental issues. To achieve this objective we formulated fifty-two research questions that were edited, evaluated, and prioritized by members of each group in a dedicated workshop. Ten of these questions were identified as top priorities and shared with twenty additional members of each group. Perceptions and rankings of the ten priority questions were then compared among groups, but no statistical difference was found. These results highlight that broadly similar goals for biodiversity conservation are shared by all key decision makers in post-conflict Colombia. Namely, conservation through sustainable management practices and development of local economies previously affected by the conflict. The process of developing and prioritizing these research questions helped to identify key drivers of biodiversity loss and create a research agenda to mitigate environmental impacts in post-conflict Colombia." }, { "paper": "2793397106", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2020", "title": "exploring the dynamics of delegation over time insights from italian anti corruption agencies 2003 2016", "label": [ "86532276", "2777351259", "3116431", "2780233690" ], "author": [ "1990088978", "2777384095", "2082006054" ], "reference": [ "306457863", "1595964953", "1858590063", "1860148369", "1969740541", "1976863314", "1994338037", "1998632086", "2003568834", "2008234698", "2018632530", "2021930613", "2022285148", "2024003271", "2025899417", "2030773957", "2035088645", "2038248671", "2038926260", "2047810135", "2058950174", "2066646157", "2071289311", "2073606900", "2092265244", "2096118570", "2109211516", "2110212683", "2117592571", "2118952010", "2125316516", "2126102929", "2133155443", "2134217065", "2134947891", "2150809958", "2153085178", "2160622350", "2164366152", "2166001698", "2222248495", "2229329005", "2231759834", "2282217865", "2283661366", "2487204313", "2492861403", "2999258273", "3121550279", "3123207965" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Exploring the Dynamics of Delegation Over Time: Insights from Italian Anti-Corruption Agencies (2003-2016)", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3096790982", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2020", "title": "the ascent of wikipedia", "label": [ "2776154427" ], "author": [ "2117056919" ], "reference": [ "1972644898" ], "abstract": "wikipedia at 20 includes 22 essays that are wide ranging often intellectually engaging and in parts stylishly written its 34 contributors include fittingly academics and nonacademics based in many countries although predominantly in the united states anyone interested in the history current constitution and possible future development of a singular contemporary global phenomenon will be stimulated by this anniversary collection", "title_raw": "The ascent of Wikipedia", "abstract_raw": "Wikipedia at 20 includes 22 essays that are wide-ranging, often intellectually engaging, and, in parts, stylishly written. Its 34 contributors include, fittingly, academics and nonacademics based in many countries, although predominantly in the United States. Anyone interested in the history, current constitution, and possible future development of a singular contemporary global phenomenon will be stimulated by this anniversary collection." }, { "paper": "2975627384", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2020", "title": "domestic political consequences of international rivalry", "label": [ "94625758", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2976746994", "2976861858", "2307252396" ], "reference": [ "496662075", "1523561119", "1964470505", "1976822761", "1981356869", "1988217322", "1988797246", "1989518222", "1994918707", "1997694071", "2006616785", "2007352806", "2009595209", "2010694081", "2022220920", "2034301206", "2035407160", "2038934478", "2044048054", "2045728652", "2058382513", "2062340827", "2064201228", "2066562475", "2075336303", "2083513139", "2094137313", "2101746595", "2108904911", "2110128242", "2110537446", "2114995993", "2120913939", "2127831729", "2131377494", "2134414156", "2138833481", "2142013610", "2160009468", "2160941401", "2162724151", "2169478177", "2203266297", "2478823875", "2754370333", "3123023216", "3123580658", "3123861540" ], "abstract": "given the conventional claim that external threats increase internal cohesion and government capacity cross country studies have examined how interstate conflict events influence domestic politics", "title_raw": "Domestic Political Consequences of International Rivalry", "abstract_raw": "Given the conventional claim that external threats increase internal cohesion and government capacity, cross-country studies have examined how interstate conflict events influence domestic politics..." }, { "paper": "3000661535", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2020", "title": "socializing democrats examining asian american vote choice with evidence from a national survey", "label": [ "2781160424", "94625758", "542948173", "555826173", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2885252792" ], "reference": [ "585184009", "614917022", "1209989990", "1253095435", "1486987792", "1559377018", "1577954649", "1588524414", "1641372354", "1986097272", "1988686891", "1990313724", "2013062353", "2024161909", "2025327003", "2027302728", "2030015934", "2055256508", "2070167244", "2083893187", "2137115804", "2170977349", "2223969072", "2317670558", "2323442251", "2324622157", "2329648039", "2329894076", "2531419399", "2548854797", "2734963290", "2791296773", "2791744541", "2802481709", "2886569810", "2891204581", "2895570178", "3123553825", "3123636422", "3124986939", "3125886121" ], "abstract": "abstract asian americans are increasingly voting for democrats in national elections high levels of democratic vote choice among asian americans are notable because many have high incomes immigrated from countries with communist histories or are evangelical christians why do asian americans support democrats despite these conservative predispositions i develop a novel theory of social transmission to explain democratic vote choice among asian americans the theory predicts that asian americans who receive limited partisan socialization through the family develop partisan preferences partly through the diffusion of political views in local contexts this process leads to democratic support because asian americans tend to settle in liberal metropolitan areas of the united states i test this theory as an explanation for asian american vote choice using data from the 2008 national asian american survey in support of the theory local partisan context emerges as a moderately sized predictor of vote choice alongside some established predictors including national origin and religion some measures of social integration into local communities heighten the effects of partisan context on vote choice the results hold across various tests for self selection and after accounting for several alternative explanations including socioeconomic status religion national origin group consciousness and perceived discrimination", "title_raw": "Socializing Democrats: Examining Asian American vote choice with evidence from a national survey", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Asian Americans are increasingly voting for Democrats in national elections. High levels of Democratic vote choice among Asian Americans are notable because many have high incomes, immigrated from countries with communist histories, or are Evangelical Christians. Why do Asian Americans support Democrats despite these conservative predispositions? I develop a novel theory of \u201csocial transmission\u201d to explain Democratic vote choice among Asian Americans. The theory predicts that Asian Americans, who receive limited partisan socialization through the family, develop partisan preferences partly through the diffusion of political views in local contexts. This process leads to Democratic support because Asian Americans tend to settle in liberal metropolitan areas of the United States. I test this theory as an explanation for Asian American vote choice using data from the 2008 National Asian American Survey. In support of the theory, local partisan context emerges as a moderately-sized predictor of vote choice alongside some established predictors, including national origin and religion. Some measures of social integration into local communities heighten the effects of partisan context on vote choice. The results hold across various tests for self-selection and after accounting for several alternative explanations, including socioeconomic status, religion, national origin, group consciousness, and perceived discrimination." }, { "paper": "3024524766", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2020", "title": "towards an evidence based and integrated policy cycle in the eu a review of the debate on the better regulation agenda", "label": [ "111874474", "3116431" ], "author": [ "3024920801", "3025513305", "3024772518", "3024934108" ], "reference": [ "1775761215", "1914904200", "1956658203", "2052697749", "2149278036", "2196700235", "2216609673", "2286184656", "2287890318", "2338921608", "2343995587", "2387523071", "2391675693", "2397618129", "2428009777", "2511452108", "2520524459", "2522291490", "2523559954", "2527986539", "2528096763", "2553652709", "2583719024", "2595569428", "2608178296", "2617926426", "2693558328", "2737560676", "2738617470", "2739426894", "2753845858", "2755902671", "2768228742", "2770222229", "2792563213", "2800022306", "2802017665", "2883928380" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Towards an Evidence\u2010Based and Integrated Policy Cycle in the EU: A Review of the Debate on the Better Regulation Agenda", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2907582846", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2020", "title": "mapping parties in a multidimensional european political space a comparative study of the euvox and euandi party position data sets", "label": [ "520049643", "94625758", "125505783" ], "author": [ "3009250960", "1802679770", "2016014820" ], "reference": [ "796409384", "975364111", "1970492115", "1974196822", "1987827137", "1994830959", "2019495039", "2025051495", "2029456821", "2052424763", "2061009528", "2074773620", "2107091433", "2120060460", "2133666122", "2140862328", "2143755459", "2145546897", "2152090403", "2153488810", "2155685374", "2155989908" ], "abstract": "this study compares the spatial positioning of over 200 political parties across 28 european union eu member states in two cross national voting advice applications vaas developed for the 2014", "title_raw": "Mapping parties in a multidimensional European political space: A comparative study of the EUvox and EUandI party-position data sets", "abstract_raw": "This study compares the spatial positioning of over 200 political parties across 28 European Union (EU) member states in two cross-national voting advice applications (VAAs) developed for the 2014 ..." }, { "paper": "3084353763", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2020", "title": "epistemic freedom in africa deprovincialization and decolonization", "label": [ "135544838" ], "author": [ "3084330399" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Epistemic freedom in Africa: deprovincialization and decolonization", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3007423375", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2020", "title": "on knowingly setting unrealistic goals in public health", "label": [ "2778149918", "138147947", "2780224610", "2779267917", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2039316111", "3008384907" ], "reference": [ "1541514072", "2022337910", "2032658764", "2040684802", "2054061812", "2087849530", "2150433066", "2155036799", "2256852861" ], "abstract": "what is the ethics of setting unrealistic goals in public health declared goals of population health campaigns that when introduced are already known to be impossible to accomplish over the past 2 decades major public health campaigns have set unrealistic goals such as eliminating or reaching zero on diseases and risk factors that are clearly ineliminable we argue that unrealistic goals can sometimes motivate action attract funding and help educate the public and public health practitioners better than realistic goals although unrealistic goal setting faces ethical challenges including the charge of deceit and that of undermining the field s credibility we argue that these challenges can be met the advantages of unrealistic goal setting while overcoming these challenges can be accomplished in 2 stages 1 an initial declaration of the attractive but unrealistic goal educates and motivates 2 realistic precise and actionable subgoals then expose its unrealistic nature and preempt ongoing deceit", "title_raw": "On Knowingly Setting Unrealistic Goals in Public Health.", "abstract_raw": "What is the ethics of setting unrealistic goals in public health-declared goals of population health campaigns that, when introduced, are already known to be impossible to accomplish? Over the past 2 decades, major public health campaigns have set unrealistic goals, such as \"eliminating\" or reaching \"zero\" on diseases and risk factors that are clearly ineliminable.We argue that unrealistic goals can sometimes motivate action, attract funding, and help educate the public and public health practitioners better than realistic goals. Although unrealistic goal setting faces ethical challenges, including the charge of deceit and that of undermining the field's credibility, we argue that these challenges can be met.The advantages of unrealistic goal setting while overcoming these challenges can be accomplished in 2 stages: (1) an initial declaration of the attractive but unrealistic goal educates and motivates; (2) realistic, precise, and actionable subgoals then expose its unrealistic nature and preempt ongoing deceit." }, { "paper": "2998099525", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2020", "title": "when will public officials listen a vignette experiment on the effects of input legitimacy on public officials willingness to use public participation", "label": [ "39549134", "46295352", "2779838221", "2777976496", "203663800" ], "author": [ "2893962204", "2164946990" ], "reference": [ "1968568148", "1969366758", "1974306186", "1975659308", "1977368841", "1977793234", "1992337416", "2011230885", "2021451445", "2048591662", "2059651068", "2065800536", "2076959723", "2082498402", "2100824295", "2111430401", "2111866110", "2112975745", "2114739388", "2116731043", "2125626633", "2131597270", "2140150066", "2143596072", "2144969491", "2148219368", "2157594341", "2162437324", "2166789068", "2170413988", "2182988737", "2246925376", "2314093302", "2321408401", "2332405336", "2339735525", "2363554882", "2415889132", "2489378031", "2587835464", "2742092995", "2745098867", "2746005708", "2766354849", "2793938220", "2794592087", "2916954997", "3124628799" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "When Will Public Officials Listen? A Vignette Experiment on the Effects of Input Legitimacy on Public Officials\u2019 Willingness to Use Public Participation", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3009623739", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2020", "title": "computational propaganda political parties politicians and political manipulation on social media", "label": [ "518677369", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2947934759" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Computational propaganda: political parties, politicians, and political manipulation on social media", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3045194083", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2020", "title": "fraud bias negligence and hype in the lab a rogues gallery", "label": [ "151719136" ], "author": [ "3179098928" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "was there ever a golden age of unsullied science as a book implies was there ever a golden age of unsullied science as a book implies", "title_raw": "Fraud, bias, negligence and hype in the lab \u2014 a rogues\u2019 gallery", "abstract_raw": "Was there ever a golden age of unsullied science, as a book implies? Was there ever a golden age of unsullied science, as a book implies?" }, { "paper": "2998129877", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2020", "title": "dissensus radical democracy and business ethics", "label": [ "526877150", "2775987171", "555826173", "94625758", "2777367489", "111439079", "119232533", "68346564" ], "author": [ "2246590506", "2170493662", "17235118", "2036154905" ], "reference": [ "77097133", "561270475", "600437229", "650243998", "1505091764", "1848490618", "2078099845", "2142611827", "2328794998", "2481880809", "3021557643" ], "abstract": "in this introductory essay we outline the relationship between political dissensus and radical democracy focusing especially on how such a politics might inform the study of business ethics this politics is located historically in the failure of liberal democracy to live up to its promise as well as the deleterious response to that from reactionary populism strong man authoritarianism and exploitative capitalism in the context of these political vicissitudes we turn to radical democracy as a form of contestation that offers hope in an affirmative inclusive and sustainable alternative on this basis we introduce the papers in the special issue as a collective exploration of the ethics and politics of radical democracy as manifesting in dissensus and the subversion of corporate and elite power by alternative democratic practices and realities", "title_raw": "Dissensus! Radical Democracy and Business Ethics", "abstract_raw": "In this introductory essay, we outline the relationship between political dissensus and radical democracy, focusing especially on how such a politics might inform the study of business ethics. This politics is located historically in the failure of liberal democracy to live up to its promise, as well as the deleterious response to that from reactionary populism, strong-man authoritarianism, and exploitative capitalism. In the context of these political vicissitudes, we turn to radical democracy as a form of contestation that offers hope in an affirmative, inclusive and sustainable alternative. On this basis we introduce the papers in the special issue as a collective exploration of the ethics and politics of radical democracy as manifesting in dissensus and the subversion of corporate and elite power by alternative democratic practices and realities." }, { "paper": "2941696589", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2020", "title": "gender and judging evidence from the european court of human rights", "label": [ "169437150", "86511162", "544040105", "199539241", "55447825" ], "author": [ "1578958960" ], "reference": [ "898407905", "953726225", "1495714439", "1575405477", "1991668454", "1993340874", "1996416585", "2020777983", "2026348367", "2030960569", "2034183313", "2060400085", "2062332778", "2067726986", "2076539161", "2091134166", "2094956232", "2098543440", "2109155044", "2117613224", "2121000950", "2127212138", "2131230565", "2132293329", "2136484149", "2138522037", "2144194283", "2166716259", "2277624554", "2286822964", "2329417250", "2418155594", "2462417482", "2539413962", "2553347992", "2888347589", "2891212480", "3121485768", "3122082891", "3122838873", "3123219570", "3123347025", "3125347802", "3143515237" ], "abstract": "how does increasing the number of women on the bench affect the outcome of judicial proceedings this article evaluates this question in the european court of human rights using a new dataset that", "title_raw": "Gender and judging: evidence from the European Court of human rights", "abstract_raw": "How does increasing the number of women on the bench affect the outcome of judicial proceedings? This article evaluates this question in the European Court of Human Rights using a new dataset that ..." }, { "paper": "3003780597", "venue": "44706263", "year": "2020", "title": "constituting religion islam liberal rights and the malaysian state by tamir moustafa cambridge cambridge university press 2018", "label": [ "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2720506094" ], "reference": [ "2151138624" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Constituting Religion: Islam, Liberal Rights, and the Malaysian State. By Tamir Moustafa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3043002925", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2020", "title": "china s pandemic power play", "label": [ "191935318", "2776051254", "2779861158", "542948173", "3116431" ], "author": [ "3043682673" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the chinese communist party ccp leadership has not recalibrated its strategic goals in light of the covid 19 pandemic it remains set on seeing china take center stage in world affairs and sees the current global disarray as an opportunity to further advance ccp objectives to that end the ccp is using old tricks from its usual playbook it is attempting to cultivate external perceptions of china as a positive force centered around themes of responsibility and generosity at the same time it continues to promote the community of shared future and the belt and road initiative while maneuvering within international institutions", "title_raw": "China's Pandemic Power Play", "abstract_raw": "The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leadership has not recalibrated its strategic goals in light of the covid-19 pandemic It remains set on seeing China take center stage in world affairs and sees the current global disarray as an opportunity to further advance CCP objectives To that end, the CCP is using old tricks from its usual playbook It is attempting to cultivate external perceptions of China as a positive force, centered around themes of responsibility and generosity At the same time, it continues to promote the \"community of shared future\" and the Belt and Road Initiative, while maneuvering within international institutions" }, { "paper": "3005891772", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2020", "title": "experiential learning revisited lessons from a student led public opinion polling class", "label": [ "94625758", "37228920", "39549134", "134698397", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "1968248667", "3018805473", "2946968050", "3006021798", "3005815302", "3005891391", "3006186822", "3006590897", "3005577844" ], "reference": [ "357505205", "573719918", "2011695094", "2049543559", "2115450319", "2319158124", "2804602725", "2888947659", "3000518364" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Experiential Learning Revisited: Lessons from a Student-Led Public Opinion Polling Class", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2998577676", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2020", "title": "the taliban a new proxy for iran in afghanistan", "label": [ "160515943" ], "author": [ "1923178066", "2909496396" ], "reference": [ "93924717", "1963724349", "1966751859", "1992902256", "2076780786", "2291963120", "2328228871", "2909017646" ], "abstract": "iran has pursued a highly contradictory policy towards afghanistan on the one hand it became a significant beneficiary of the overthrow of the taliban regime by the us led military intervention i", "title_raw": "The Taliban: a new proxy for Iran in Afghanistan?", "abstract_raw": "Iran has pursued a highly contradictory policy towards Afghanistan. On the one hand, it became a significant beneficiary of the overthrow of the Taliban regime by the US-led military intervention i..." }, { "paper": "3083798598", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2020", "title": "executive accountability beyond outcomes experimental evidence on public evaluations of powerful prime ministers", "label": [ "3116431", "2776007630" ], "author": [ "2680102007", "2777798224" ], "reference": [ "1973035330", "1973767321", "2025542450", "2041186516", "2042004776", "2056621649", "2070166665", "2096393584", "2108338597", "2111237293", "2116664031", "2122691235", "2125563281", "2146039781", "2146296985", "2147805916", "2150796138", "2161217898", "2164308816", "2166789068", "2259117048", "2395820530", "2421071063", "2474035386", "2564544276", "2594919569", "2745098867", "2791152558", "2886225672", "2943861980", "3122795554", "3124708874", "3125191488" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Executive Accountability Beyond Outcomes: Experimental Evidence on Public Evaluations of Powerful Prime Ministers", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3045909387", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2020", "title": "ethnic marginalization and non compliance in public health emergencies", "label": [ "137403100", "3116431", "158071213", "148834064" ], "author": [ "2167359689", "3045823602" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ethnic Marginalization and (Non)Compliance in Public Health Emergencies", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3111535578", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2020", "title": "royal capitalism wealth class and monarchy in thailand by puangchon unchanam madison university of wisconsin press 2020 336p 79 95 cloth", "label": [ "514928085", "203458295" ], "author": [ "2097086087" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Royal Capitalism: Wealth, Class, and Monarchy in Thailand. By Puangchon Unchanam. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2020. 336p. $79.95 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3094309186", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2020", "title": "the impact of news consumption on anti immigration attitudes and populist party support in a changing media ecology", "label": [ "521449643", "526877150", "70036468" ], "author": [ "2601359349", "172408396", "2293208934" ], "reference": [ "1548818552", "1583059097", "1799750435", "1893084226", "1971653044", "1971981319", "1985575435", "1991514306", "2027311422", "2088905776", "2103521030", "2118328046", "2132490153", "2137809006", "2141760007", "2163218657", "2276638811", "2312777798", "2402003459", "2408834432", "2414713268", "2462214272", "2520225279", "2563852632", "2594087105", "2598118610", "2607071455", "2608762407", "2616898151", "2617363498", "2618089236", "2624658163", "2765399131", "2786236138", "2797202416", "2798022091", "2867480215", "2885432155", "2887875208", "2897481184", "2922454544", "2944632798", "2969059771", "2996539888", "3002106874", "3009706951", "3121661582" ], "abstract": "democracies around the world are facing a rising wave of right wing populism and new nationalism which often relies on strategic exploitation of anti immigration sentiments while media have long", "title_raw": "The Impact of News Consumption on Anti-immigration Attitudes and Populist Party Support in a Changing Media Ecology", "abstract_raw": "Democracies around the world are facing a rising wave of right-wing populism and new nationalism, which often relies on strategic exploitation of anti-immigration sentiments. While media have long ..." }, { "paper": "2985131592", "venue": "143110675", "year": "2020", "title": "human rights half measures avoiding accountability in postwar sri lanka", "label": [ "2776331573", "2779621654", "2776007630", "2776398702", "2778833592", "169437150", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2796951480" ], "reference": [ "149816874", "562831663", "576415952", "588272873", "955290647", "1497593238", "1500708800", "1502798522", "1547778023", "1551197491", "1601135641", "1868231082", "1938565716", "1996563247", "2003906275", "2006550728", "2014843341", "2020135050", "2022183040", "2032875594", "2050292241", "2058382513", "2076391975", "2093248821", "2096148493", "2101125801", "2102099651", "2105366951", "2118827752", "2123359946", "2131626446", "2142649016", "2142758169", "2152283642", "2155243171", "2160782897", "2162379174", "2164071095", "2168044861", "2171858823", "2322892354", "2483300062", "2489919781", "2555902569", "2559685245", "2563666572", "2600913311", "2748379124", "2748395481", "2750274606", "2777803930", "2891212480", "2999258273", "3109781640", "3122298797", "3123861540", "3125171709" ], "abstract": "why do repressive states create human rights institutions that cost them money and political capital but fail to silence international criticism the academic literature assumes that states engaging in disingenuous human rights behavior are hoping to persuade or deceive liberal western states and international advocates but if human rights promoters in the west are the target audience for the creation of these half measures institutions the strategy appears puzzlingly miscalculated it reveals that the repressive state is sensitive to international opinion and often results in increased pressure the author argues that states engaging in human rights half measures are playing to a different previously overlooked audience swing states that can act as veto points on multilateral efforts to enforce human rights the article illustrates these dynamics with a case study of sri lanka s response to international pressure for postwar justice the author shows that although the creation of a series of weak investigative commissions was prompted by pressure from western governments and ngos it was not an attempt to satisfy or hoodwink these actors instead it was part of a coalition blocking strategy to convince fellow developing states on the un human rights council to oppose the creation of an international inquiry and to give them the political cover to do so", "title_raw": "Human Rights Half Measures: Avoiding Accountability in Postwar Sri Lanka", "abstract_raw": "Why do repressive states create human rights institutions that cost them money and political capital but fail to silence international criticism? The academic literature assumes that states engaging in disingenuous human rights behavior are hoping to persuade (or deceive) liberal Western states and international advocates. But if human rights promoters in the West are the target audience for the creation of these half measures institutions, the strategy appears puzzlingly miscalculated. It reveals that the repressive state is sensitive to international opinion, and often results in increased pressure. The author argues that states engaging in human rights half measures are playing to a different, previously overlooked audience: swing states that can act as veto points on multilateral efforts to enforce human rights. The article illustrates these dynamics with a case study of Sri Lanka\u2019s response to international pressure for postwar justice. The author shows that although the creation of a series of weak investigative commissions was prompted by pressure from Western governments and ngos, it was not an attempt to satisfy or hoodwink these actors. Instead, it was part of a coalition-blocking strategy to convince fellow developing states on the UN Human Rights Council to oppose the creation of an international inquiry and to give them the political cover to do so." }, { "paper": "3011995904", "venue": "20589029", "year": "2020", "title": "filipino and indonesian migrant domestic workers in hong kong their life courses in migration", "label": [ "2777858767" ], "author": [ "2291940473", "3012196537" ], "reference": [ "2993738223" ], "abstract": "this article presents a portrayal of filipino and indonesian female domestic workers life courses in migration using the life history calendar data from the 2017 survey of migrant domestic worker", "title_raw": "Filipino and Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers in Hong Kong: Their Life Courses in Migration:", "abstract_raw": "This article presents a portrayal of Filipino and Indonesian female domestic workers\u2019 life courses in migration, using the life history calendar data from the 2017 survey of migrant domestic worker..." }, { "paper": "2980303084", "venue": "69429964", "year": "2020", "title": "this is what democracy looks like title ix and the legitimacy of the administrative state", "label": [ "555826173", "199539241", "2776398702", "46295352" ], "author": [ "3023749127" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "This is What Democracy Looks Like: Title IX and the Legitimacy of the Administrative State", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2955060039", "venue": "110268115", "year": "2020", "title": "citizenship and contemporary direct democracy", "label": [ "171368058", "501008422", "2780781376" ], "author": [ "2953419742" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Citizenship and contemporary direct democracy", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3112048644", "venue": "167854760", "year": "2020", "title": "just because it seems impossible doesn t mean we shouldn t at least try the need for longitudinal perspectives on tourism partnerships and the sdgs", "label": [ "71750763", "39549134", "71343576", "18918823", "2776553905", "552854447" ], "author": [ "2345927260", "2412076064", "2103919697" ], "reference": [ "88871163", "141954133", "993110687", "1526510536", "1589731475", "1760807343", "1966510634", "1977033595", "1979363942", "1983137693", "1983308562", "1983708869", "1993556088", "1998757284", "2000773063", "2005112258", "2006582883", "2034079493", "2049955590", "2058038042", "2063484152", "2068508161", "2087121525", "2089353696", "2091303658", "2109598649", "2119931196", "2127226611", "2133922933", "2136319993", "2161724302", "2318411088", "2328977902", "2536267068", "2545503707", "2594148129", "2602276191", "2606789010", "2725441946", "2767735051", "2775613212", "2808044704", "2900956031", "2909796576", "2911105668", "2939820017", "2945612191", "2945966366", "2947399006", "2947644638", "2972055608", "2993838636", "2997142621" ], "abstract": "sustainable development goal sdg 17 highlights the importance that the partnership narrative plays in the implementation of sdgs however given the brevity of many development projects these pa", "title_raw": "Just Because It Seems Impossible, Doesn\u2019t Mean We Shouldn\u2019t At Least Try: The Need for Longitudinal Perspectives on Tourism Partnerships and the SDGs", "abstract_raw": "Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17 highlights the importance that the partnership narrative plays in the implementation of SDGs. However, given the brevity of many development projects, these pa..." }, { "paper": "2972984742", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2020", "title": "moderation and competence how a party s ideological position shapes its valence reputation", "label": [ "158071213", "46355384", "48798503", "94625758", "520049643" ], "author": [ "2137243775", "2054959276" ], "reference": [ "170745378", "1495273023", "1498694128", "1585088222", "1971759615", "1979890283", "1982756839", "2005694448", "2009053941", "2011152119", "2011362767", "2011966204", "2016880001", "2018972251", "2022291642", "2026285110", "2028133073", "2030458842", "2042473971", "2048475223", "2053841711", "2062411881", "2063322530", "2073605366", "2081068279", "2089970981", "2092298252", "2105265993", "2108361872", "2108894149", "2115830448", "2117716370", "2117896540", "2119538207", "2123382152", "2127662258", "2128096974", "2133204953", "2135804127", "2141519195", "2150143488", "2159018911", "2159844711", "2164582966", "2166789068", "2168333187", "2168743295", "2205066586", "2273864059", "2487130496", "2506974405", "2513807470", "2586982873", "2610448836", "2745098867", "2750859775", "2768158026", "2903655207", "2963393121", "3122632962", "3122692943" ], "abstract": "we combine several strands of research from electoral behaviour and party politics to suggest that ideological moderation will boost a party s perceived competence less radical parties are seen as readier to compromise more realistic about what can be achieved and less prone to simplistic solutions the results of conjoint experiments with party profiles show that while an ideological leaning carries no cost any appreciably left or right wing position eroded a party s perceived competence among a representative sample of around 2 000 british citizens this effect holds when controlling for respondents ideological proximity to the party in question and looks to operate through all three of the proposed mechanisms suggested above especially willingness to compromise these findings have important implications both for party strategy and for voting research highlighting a key channel through which ideological moderation yields electoral gains", "title_raw": "Moderation and Competence: How a Party's Ideological Position Shapes Its Valence Reputation", "abstract_raw": "We combine several strands of research from electoral behaviour and party politics to suggest that ideological moderation will boost a party\u2019s perceived competence. Less radical parties are seen as readier to compromise, more realistic about what can be achieved, and less prone to simplistic solutions. The results of conjoint experiments with party profiles show that, while an ideological leaning carries no cost, any appreciably left- or right-wing position eroded a party\u2019s perceived competence among a representative sample of around 2,000 British citizens. This effect holds when controlling for respondents\u2019 ideological proximity to the party in question, and looks to operate through all three of the proposed mechanisms suggested above \u2013 especially willingness to compromise. These findings have important implications both for party strategy and for voting research, highlighting a key channel through which ideological moderation yields electoral gains." }, { "paper": "3016564518", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2020", "title": "ryan a quintana making a slave state political development in early south carolina", "label": [ "94625758", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2108078113" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ryan A. Quintana. Making a Slave State: Political Development in Early South Carolina.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2983978990", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2020", "title": "representation of partisan territorial and institutional interests in second chambers evidence from the german bundesrat and its committees", "label": [ "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2789843192", "2114122531", "2791694786", "2109055306" ], "reference": [ "58355123", "70660712", "74793360", "77817056", "89292440", "253694473", "402953873", "560988255", "572064933", "575778513", "577183098", "646513037", "1523128022", "1966590555", "1983970938", "1990552678", "2015525466", "2022902627", "2036979064", "2041504534", "2055632146", "2078725864", "2083545865", "2168930641", "2318945376", "2401395972", "2404113586", "2482802079", "2491627201", "2611223639", "2747158422", "2790119706", "2887003417", "3048178201" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Representation of Partisan, Territorial, and Institutional Interests in Second Chambers: Evidence from the German Bundesrat and its Committees", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3096104734", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2020", "title": "migration uncertainty in the context of brexit resource conservation tactics", "label": [ "100243477", "2776614217", "2781462389", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2137757434", "2030944340", "2240950579", "1997368495", "2792267641", "2343537519" ], "reference": [ "1601296403", "1968224500", "1979290264", "1985666256", "1990726779", "2024532050", "2048385562", "2052923267", "2053313218", "2084194481", "2094468052", "2099958353", "2116750173", "2117184035", "2118664159", "2234269438", "2303700668", "2329383795", "2611432148", "2619055141", "2625774310", "2747453794", "2748711736", "2767513770", "2894204203", "3002903256", "3009027852", "3010052024", "3016774131", "3018923881", "3042934897", "3116566035", "3174983633" ], "abstract": "the brexit referendum has led to uncertainty which has threatened eu migrants resources including their rights to reside to run a business or access welfare cross national political and legal", "title_raw": "Migration uncertainty in the context of Brexit: resource conservation tactics", "abstract_raw": "The Brexit referendum has led to uncertainty, which has threatened EU migrants\u2019 resources, including their rights to reside, to run a business or access welfare. Cross-national political and legal ..." }, { "paper": "3021534893", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2020", "title": "protesting parties in europe a comparative analysis", "label": [ "94625758", "17058734", "513891491", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2554295118", "2129354981" ], "reference": [ "2018972251", "2041535705", "2046463824", "2083199857", "2108370948", "2467496516", "2491631347", "2556315322", "2608726366", "2783816685", "2894697248", "2909733038", "2910860818", "2919078065", "2980158089", "2995834951", "2999534070" ], "abstract": "the article provides the first large scale study of protest activities by political parties the empirical analysis draws on original protest event data for 30 european countries based on semi auto", "title_raw": "Protesting Parties in Europe: A comparative analysis:", "abstract_raw": "The article provides the first large-scale study of protest activities by political parties. The empirical analysis draws on original protest event data for 30 European countries based on semi-auto..." }, { "paper": "3087207356", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2020", "title": "insurgency and ivory the territorial origins of illicit resource extraction in civil conflicts", "label": [ "29985473", "81631423", "510578393" ], "author": [ "2146887321" ], "reference": [ "177879470", "1563091572", "1608795770", "1928361905", "1933792109", "1963989326", "1965030286", "1972474624", "1979196617", "1985301246", "1988377235", "2042423282", "2078878254", "2085950118", "2086838579", "2087047867", "2099768198", "2108374208", "2116055966", "2116559484", "2118200461", "2123006785", "2123219467", "2125491572", "2126032556", "2142705232", "2148046232", "2149681902", "2151098467", "2165611314", "2170350599", "2273076803", "2309182901", "2488873126", "2511548117", "2557343800", "2580344456", "2609185000", "2611127081", "2698039673", "2768407063", "2783339844", "2784122359", "2786641070", "2794441047", "2796514239", "2799982216", "2953757154", "3045058852", "3121451647", "3125670285", "3131621444", "3191384120" ], "abstract": "the presence of natural resources makes civil conflicts more likely to erupt last longer and more difficult to end yet rebels do not always exploit resources wherever they are present why i ar", "title_raw": "Insurgency and Ivory: The Territorial Origins of Illicit Resource Extraction in Civil Conflicts:", "abstract_raw": "The presence of natural resources makes civil conflicts more likely to erupt, last longer, and more difficult to end. Yet rebels do not always exploit resources wherever they are present. Why? I ar..." }, { "paper": "3112869172", "venue": "114691300", "year": "2020", "title": "workplace justice rights and labour resistance in vietnam by tu phuong nguyen london palgrave macmillan 2019 214 pp isbn 9789811331152 cloth", "label": [ "2781289944", "139621336" ], "author": [ "263295607" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Workplace Justice: Rights and Labour Resistance in Vietnam. By Tu Phuong Nguyen. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. 214 pp. ISBN: 9789811331152 (cloth).", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3024557722", "venue": "135158421", "year": "2020", "title": "the effect of covid 19 lockdowns on political support some good news for democracy", "label": [ "555826173", "134698397", "2779327062", "94625758", "148834064", "2779777834" ], "author": [ "2191279637", "2982307380", "2145484111", "2156725915" ], "reference": [ "1999625018", "2022558457", "2042244254", "2111770475", "2124378400", "2161217898", "2326917780", "2563191880", "2784909174", "2806356215", "2895065616", "2937707008", "2945411649", "2963897877", "3009375780", "3016758661", "3017367437", "3017390025", "3023793048", "3121992489", "3122812581" ], "abstract": "major crises can act as critical junctures or reinforce the political status quo depending on how citizens view the performance of central institutions we use an interrupted time series to study the political effect of the enforcement of a strict confinement policy in response to the covid 19 pandemic specifically we take advantage of a unique representative web based survey that was fielded in march and april 2020 in western europe to compare the political support of those who took the survey right before and right after the start of the lockdown in their country we find that lockdowns have increased vote intentions for the party of the prime minister president trust in government and satisfaction with democracy furthermore we find that while rallying individuals around current leaders and institutions they have had no effect on traditional left right attitudes", "title_raw": "The effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on political support: Some good news for democracy?", "abstract_raw": "Major crises can act as critical junctures or reinforce the political status quo, depending on how citizens view the performance of central institutions. We use an interrupted time series to study the political effect of the enforcement of a strict confinement policy in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we take advantage of a unique representative web-based survey that was fielded in March and April 2020 in Western Europe to compare the political support of those who took the survey right before and right after the start of the lockdown in their country. We find that lockdowns have increased vote intentions for the party of the Prime Minister/President, trust in government and satisfaction with democracy. Furthermore, we find that, while rallying individuals around current leaders and institutions, they have had no effect on traditional left\u2013right\u00a0attitudes." }, { "paper": "3034068973", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2020", "title": "is china a deviant case a societal level test of the modernization theory", "label": [ "53844881", "17058734", "555826173", "2778521920", "191935318", "2779233565" ], "author": [ "2606242046" ], "reference": [ "999759841", "1559040657", "1973646707", "1990578264", "2004838156", "2017998177", "2036273844", "2041434958", "2041887672", "2045327023", "2049817300", "2057699671", "2068774069", "2080195916", "2086651280", "2097998964", "2105602542", "2118894894", "2135605498", "2147574293", "2167902156", "2168257305", "2173902424", "2303964469", "2314144470", "2321686626", "2330317140", "2330753858", "2343782837", "2402529768", "2522446516", "2523443615", "2561298812", "2619209620", "2901095887", "2964367708", "3121372008", "3123876432", "3124246121", "3124335424", "3125552437" ], "abstract": "some view china as a deviant case to the modernization theory this view is based on two observations first the chinese middle class shows no distinct democratic orientations second one s trust", "title_raw": "Is China a Deviant Case? A Societal-Level Test of the Modernization Theory:", "abstract_raw": "Some view China as a deviant case to the modernization theory. This view is based on two observations. First, the Chinese middle class shows no distinct democratic orientations. Second, one\u2019s trust..." }, { "paper": "3061172672", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2020", "title": "emergent flexibility in institutional development how international rules really change", "label": [ "34355311", "2780608745", "133281099", "86060140", "2777596936", "44725695", "2778203169", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2245553768", "2179839776" ], "reference": [ "165970708", "230830768", "1509292812", "1535746220", "1543318790", "1677530389", "1920146364", "1966735226", "1968747782", "1978695724", "1982870704", "1996143840", "2016204775", "2059706666", "2063326860", "2102944726", "2111092041", "2124651012", "2143391607", "2143749883", "2146523711", "2155340768", "2158398194", "2272618913", "2321887169", "2333109242", "2334834579", "2419229798", "2428954838", "2499875828", "2508024801", "2510100306", "2529415815", "2538149640", "2605114455", "2752080778", "2789768053", "2789817329", "2790043977", "2802756270", "2804418791", "2886631689", "2902144617", "2922259118", "2981534721", "2999661366", "3006077340", "3036153079", "3121289642", "3124853519", "3125569413" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Emergent Flexibility in Institutional Development: How International Rules Really Change", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3092953832", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2020", "title": "not throwing away our shot", "label": [ "2776129789", "151719136", "2776548248", "2776742560", "94625758", "199539241", "48798503", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2153665210" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "over the past few weeks prominent scientific publications have condemned president donald trump s record on science this is unprecedented although my predecessors at science have always held elected u s officials accountable but could not make a formal political endorsement because of the nonprofit status of the american association for the advancement of science the publisher of science many of these publications are now clearly denouncing the u s president administration and federal agency leaders as the nation approaches a highly consequential presidential election to paraphrase lyrics by lin manuel miranda in hamilton about another set of political essays why do we write like we re running out of time because recent events show that the voice of the scientific community can lead to positive change i have been supportive and then critical of stephen hahn commissioner of the u s food and drug administration fda when he granted the emergency use authorization eua for hydroxychloroquine to treat coronavirus disease 2019 covid 19 much of the biomedical community lost trust in him but i maintained that if he stuck to the science on the covid 19 vaccine the nation should support him when he botched the announcement of the eua for convalescent plasma to treat the disease i lost confidence in him again and wrote that society was on its own to tackle covid 19 without help from the fda at the same time eric topol editor in chief of medscape and a prominent scientist and public health advocate called for hahn to resign topol got hahn s attention after topol s editorial appeared the commissioner reached out to him which as topol told me started a series of conversations about their differences hahn confirmed to topol that he had been instructed by the white house to extoll the benefits of convalescent plasma beyond his scientific judgment subsequently the fda proposed to the white house a more stringent protocol for approving a covid 19 vaccine in the case of the two leading vaccine candidates moderna and pfizer a 2 month delay would be required for half of the volunteers that received a second shot which must be delivered 3 to 4 weeks after the first immunization this meant that an eua for a vaccine would not be approved before the election trump attacked hahn and criticized this logical move for patient safety as being politically motivated surprisingly a few days later the white house agreed to the fda guidelines hahn had stood up for science and stood up to trump in an interview with topol hahn pledged to stand up for sound scientific judgement the pressure put on hahn by the scientific community played a big role in stiffening his spine topol told me that hahn said he was profoundly dejected after the convalescent plasma debacle and realized that the subsequent vaccine drama posed an existential crisis either he would be fired by trump or permanently lose his standing in the scientific community ultimately he decided that doing what was right for the success of the covid 19 vaccine trials and the safety of the public while also repairing his reputation in medical science was more important than keeping his job at the fda we can hope that it s too much trouble for trump to fire him this close to the election i m now back to supporting hahn knowing that scientists will decide whether to approve the covid 19 vaccines and provided he continues to support science with his apparent recovery from covid 19 due perhaps in part to receiving an experimental monoclonal antibody cocktail from regeneron trump s attention has turned to touting this treatment as a cure and promising its availability to all americans an antibody based treatment does deserve more scientific attention but a therapeutic is not a cure if an eua for this treatment is announced the scientific community needs hahn to resist trump s pressure to exaggerate and declare the pandemic over these antibodies are helpful but currently in very limited supply and not something that will get everybody out of the hospitals as trump said recently the scientific community must keep the pressure on hahn to state the science clearly readers who don t think science and its publishing peers should write about politics often tell us to stick to science we are sticking to science but more importantly we re sticking up for science", "title_raw": "Not throwing away our shot.", "abstract_raw": "Over the past few weeks, prominent scientific publications have condemned President Donald Trump's record on science. This is unprecedented. Although my predecessors at Science have always held elected U.S. officials accountable (but could not make a formal political endorsement because of the nonprofit status of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the publisher of Science ), many of these publications are now clearly denouncing the U.S. president, administration, and federal agency leaders as the nation approaches a highly consequential presidential election. To paraphrase lyrics by Lin-Manuel Miranda in \u201cHamilton\u201d about another set of political essays, why do we write like we're running out of time? Because recent events show that the voice of the scientific community can lead to positive change.\n\nI have been supportive and then critical of Stephen Hahn, commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). When he granted the emergency use authorization (EUA) for hydroxychloroquine to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), much of the biomedical community lost trust in him, but I maintained that if he stuck to the science on the COVID-19 vaccine, the nation should support him. When he botched the announcement of the EUA for convalescent plasma to treat the disease, I lost confidence in him again and wrote that society was on its own to tackle COVID-19 without help from the FDA. At the same time, Eric Topol, editor-in-chief of Medscape and a prominent scientist and public health advocate, called for Hahn to resign.\n\nTopol got Hahn's attention. After Topol's editorial appeared, the commissioner reached out to him, which, as Topol told me, started a series of conversations about their differences. Hahn confirmed to Topol that he had been instructed by the White House to extoll the benefits of convalescent plasma beyond his scientific judgment. Subsequently, the FDA proposed to the White House a more stringent protocol for approving a COVID-19 vaccine. In the case of the two leading vaccine candidates (Moderna and Pfizer), a 2-month delay would be required for half of the volunteers that received a second shot, which must be delivered 3 to 4 weeks after the first immunization. This meant that an EUA for a vaccine would not be approved before the election. Trump attacked Hahn and criticized this logical move for patient safety as being politically motivated. Surprisingly, a few days later, the White House agreed to the FDA guidelines. Hahn had stood up for science and stood up to Trump. In an interview with Topol, Hahn pledged to stand up for sound scientific judgement.\n\nThe pressure put on Hahn by the scientific community played a big role in stiffening his spine. Topol told me that Hahn said he was \u201cprofoundly dejected\u201d after the convalescent plasma debacle and realized that the subsequent vaccine drama posed an \u201cexistential crisis\u201d\u2014either he would be fired by Trump or permanently lose his standing in the scientific community. Ultimately, he decided that doing what was right for the success of the COVID-19 vaccine trials and the safety of the public\u2014while also repairing his reputation in medical science\u2014was more important than keeping his job at the FDA. We can hope that it's too much trouble for Trump to fire him this close to the election. I'm now back to supporting Hahn knowing that scientists will decide whether to approve the COVID-19 vaccines and provided he continues to support science.\n\nWith his apparent recovery from COVID-19 due perhaps in part to receiving an experimental monoclonal antibody cocktail from Regeneron, Trump's attention has turned to touting this treatment as a \u201ccure\u201d and promising its availability to all Americans. An antibody-based treatment does deserve more scientific attention, but a therapeutic is not a cure. If an EUA for this treatment is announced, the scientific community needs Hahn to resist Trump's pressure to exaggerate and declare the pandemic over. These antibodies are helpful but currently in very limited supply and not something that will \u201cget everybody out of the hospitals,\u201d as Trump said recently. The scientific community must keep the pressure on Hahn to state the science clearly.\n\nReaders who don't think Science and its publishing peers should write about politics often tell us to \u201cstick to science.\u201d We are sticking to science, but more importantly, we're sticking up for science." }, { "paper": "3011058013", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2020", "title": "the rights of nature and the future of public health", "label": [ "109986646", "2910949744", "2779473830", "36566018", "3116431", "169437150" ], "author": [ "2145800680", "2163933270" ], "reference": [ "2751584147", "2766255320" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Rights of Nature and the Future of Public Health", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3048350869", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2020", "title": "from redress to prevention how the international politics of no safe haven became the politics of not in my backyard", "label": [ "34355311", "94625758", "2776515129", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2108952066", "2810921889" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "From Redress to Prevention: How the International Politics of \"No Safe Haven\" Became the Politics of \"Not in My Backyard\"", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2998836605", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2020", "title": "the recalibration of chinese assertiveness china s responses to the indo pacific challenge", "label": [ "191935318" ], "author": [ "2998992623" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The recalibration of Chinese assertiveness: China's responses to the Indo-Pacific challenge", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3115776435", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2020", "title": "growth models and core periphery interactions in european integration the german greek special relationship in historical perspective", "label": [ "2778614268", "53844881" ], "author": [ "3113520359" ], "reference": [ "187481993", "1964336196", "1991694702", "2037022902", "2067052240", "2085460192", "2105524786", "2249287846", "2317171836", "2483025142", "2487926904", "2494524638", "2497098798", "2521628017", "2579655962", "2609328942", "2609664987", "2613859063", "2889150233", "2890115872", "2895533534", "2937498481", "2963890066", "2997873284", "3092782660" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Growth Models and Core\u2013Periphery Interactions in European Integration: The German\u2013Greek Special Relationship in Historical Perspective", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3043466435", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2020", "title": "lost in the new deal realignment gi joe", "label": [ "2776732289" ], "author": [ "109299089" ], "reference": [ "64089870", "1500854564", "1515322307", "1516905032", "1534539087", "1850864270", "1994911869", "2019227166", "2055431384", "2079955265", "2142067518", "2318552107", "2328617327", "2329648039", "2331501099", "2337694689", "2884511561", "2888871835", "2907358000", "3043984002" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Lost in the New Deal Realignment: GI Joe", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3126000430", "venue": "117766065", "year": "2020", "title": "adjudication outside article iii", "label": [ "504631918", "2777438998", "204434341", "199539241", "2777179996", "2778063847", "2776449231", "2778803647", "2781278843" ], "author": [ "176294138" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "article iii requires federal judges who exercise federal jurisdiction to be given life tenure and undiminished compensation limiting congress s ability to influence the judiciary but from the beginning we have accepted certain forms of adjudication outside article iii state courts most obviously but also territorial courts administrative adjudication of public rights and military tribunals the question is why this article attempts to provide an answer it argues that it is a mistake to focus on the act of adjudication itself adversary presentation about the application of law to fact is simply a procedure and not a procedure uniquely limited to article iii courts instead the constitutional question is one of government power what kind of power has the tribunal been vested with and what is it trying to do with that power with this framework in view the structure and scope of non article iii adjudication becomes clearer some courts exercise the judicial power of some other government this is why territorial courts and state courts are constitutional some bodies exercise executive power subject to the constraints reflected by the due process clause this is why administrative adjudication of public rights and military trials are constitutional some exercise no governmental power and can proceed only as an adjunct to another entity or on the basis of consent this is the only basis on which magistrate judges and bankruptcy judges can proceed and may render some of their current behavior unconstitutional", "title_raw": "Adjudication Outside Article III", "abstract_raw": "Article III requires federal judges who exercise federal jurisdiction to be given life tenure and undiminished compensation, limiting Congress\u2019s ability to influence the judiciary. But from the beginning, we have accepted certain forms of adjudication outside Article III \u2014 state courts, most obviously, but also territorial courts, administrative adjudication of public rights, and military tribunals. The question is why. \nThis Article attempts to provide an answer. It argues that it is a mistake to focus on the act of adjudication itself; adversary presentation about the application of law to fact is simply a procedure, and not a procedure uniquely limited to Article III courts. Instead, the constitutional question is one of government power. What kind of power has the tribunal been vested with, and what is it trying to do with that power? \nWith this framework in view, the structure and scope of non\u2013Article III adjudication becomes clearer. Some courts exercise the judicial power of some other government. This is why territorial courts and state courts are constitutional. Some bodies exercise executive power, subject to the constraints reflected by the Due Process Clause. This is why administrative adjudication of public rights and military trials are constitutional. Some exercise no governmental power and can proceed only as an adjunct to another entity or on the basis of consent. This is the only basis on which magistrate judges and bankruptcy judges can proceed and may render some of their current behavior unconstitutional." }, { "paper": "3076200720", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2020", "title": "independence of the ecb and the ecj during the sovereign debt crisis from active leadership to rubber stamping", "label": [ "2777799818" ], "author": [ "3050682302" ], "reference": [ "130036944", "312282693", "1545132927", "1837903746", "1993317925", "2009538423", "2030509836", "2124651012", "2179082058", "2202956407", "2277557729", "2742884641", "3122997816" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Independence of the ECB and the ECJ during the Sovereign Debt Crisis: From Active Leadership to Rubber\u2010Stamping?", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3004107360", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2020", "title": "what is the role of nationalism and ethnicity in the russia ukraine crisis", "label": [ "137403100", "521449643" ], "author": [ "2165699933" ], "reference": [ "657217022", "836102418", "1074999649", "1488177920", "1545014190", "1966316316", "1989962790", "2003741428", "2024108751", "2024380647", "2039904590", "2058899319", "2091564199", "2094099912", "2107559193", "2120737633", "2127439385", "2138148330", "2147112779", "2148388782", "2227745946", "2236007865", "2253313911", "2265150524", "2281859063", "2313236467", "2315276129", "2409734113", "2410993759", "2415610253", "2416290152", "2491004835", "2493972257", "2527897876", "2531080148", "2547030958", "2588513248", "2620623006", "2732500729", "2800671054", "2810951429", "2977544224", "3125576490" ], "abstract": "the article explores the russia ukraine crisis of 2014 in the context of post communist nationalism and the disintegration of the post soviet space the focus is on the politicisation of the ethno", "title_raw": "What is the Role of Nationalism and Ethnicity in the Russia\u2013Ukraine Crisis?", "abstract_raw": "The article explores the Russia\u2013Ukraine crisis of 2014 in the context of post-communist nationalism and the disintegration of the post-Soviet space. The focus is on the politicisation of the ethno-..." }, { "paper": "2994962249", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2020", "title": "addressing health disparities through deliberative methods citizens panels for health equity", "label": [ "2780623907", "2775951005", "2250968", "39549134", "2776946740", "2781188222" ], "author": [ "2575860452", "2157130764" ], "reference": [ "174971257", "1970383987", "1995690438", "2013704629", "2022871197", "2029667259", "2033223263", "2050098088", "2075228124", "2094459600", "2095452408", "2105982574", "2106127587", "2109423206", "2120423748", "2123458876", "2130585301", "2132786052", "2136283090", "2136837615", "2143354717", "2156754824", "2214048401", "2604666514", "2610386380", "2909650326", "2936874408" ], "abstract": "health disparities adversely affect millions of people living in disadvantaged communities resisting public health interventions that do not address the specific conditions driving forces or health problems in these communities drawing from the underutilized science of deliberative methods we introduce the innovative citizens panels for health equity approach a novel methodology that engages public expertise and knowledge of community health needs risks and priorities to tailor public health research and interventions for greater relevance and impact on disadvantaged communities by engaging affected residents and stakeholders in informed deliberation and decision making about community health disparities citizens panels provide important guidance for 1 designing research studies to target the major health disparities affecting disadvantaged communities and 2 tailoring evidence based interventions to the perspectives practices and preferences of disadvantaged residents employed as the primary methodology in 2 federally funded projects conducted in california and arkansas between 2017 and 2019 citizens panels offer a systematic method for obtaining rich community insight into health disparities shaping community informed solutions and affording disadvantaged communities influence over public health decision making to stimulate grassroots change and health equity", "title_raw": "Addressing Health Disparities Through Deliberative Methods: Citizens\u2019 Panels for Health Equity", "abstract_raw": "Health disparities adversely affect millions of people living in disadvantaged communities, resisting public health interventions that do not address the specific conditions, driving forces, or health problems in these communities. Drawing from the underutilized science of deliberative methods, we introduce the innovative citizens' panels for health equity approach-a novel methodology that engages public expertise and knowledge of community health needs, risks, and priorities to tailor public health research and interventions for greater relevance and impact on disadvantaged communities.By engaging affected residents and stakeholders in informed deliberation and decision-making about community health disparities, citizens' panels provide important guidance for (1) designing research studies to target the major health disparities affecting disadvantaged communities and (2) tailoring evidence-based interventions to the perspectives, practices, and preferences of disadvantaged residents.Employed as the primary methodology in 2 federally funded projects conducted in California and Arkansas between 2017 and 2019, citizens' panels offer a systematic method for obtaining rich community insight into health disparities, shaping community-informed solutions, and affording disadvantaged communities influence over public health decision-making to stimulate grassroots change and health equity." }, { "paper": "3105175969", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2020", "title": "an institution first conception of public integrity", "label": [ "2777189325", "2780510313", "201342494", "46295352", "2780526558", "31196326", "2776639384" ], "author": [ "2500680352" ], "reference": [ "188191739", "416693876", "598046144", "631310719", "657212764", "834872724", "1480660555", "1484136834", "1512658403", "1526550575", "1536371347", "1541952195", "1547165533", "1590398854", "1855114073", "1956140868", "1986716371", "2008864372", "2123148076", "2169899696", "2227335027", "2272983765", "2321164931", "2404415552", "2464344283", "2480595830", "2494377854", "2500460348", "2504245123", "2599428433", "2601072672", "2751105263", "2767890460", "2787914618", "2794257183", "2883137204", "2905178762", "2944327520", "2944786476", "3020874961", "3119504621", "3125588831", "3127426510", "3132464472" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "An \u2018Institution-First\u2019 Conception of Public Integrity", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3016651293", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2020", "title": "surviving the nakba on palestinians political possibilities and limitations in 1948", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "3016802594" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Surviving the Nakba: On Palestinians\u2019 Political Possibilities and Limitations in 1948", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3094503795", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2020", "title": "the age of the witness and the age of surveillance romani holocaust testimony and the perils of digital scholarship", "label": [ "2776900844", "110361221" ], "author": [ "2506809398" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Age of the Witness and the Age of Surveillance: Romani Holocaust Testimony and the Perils of Digital Scholarship", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3111550913", "venue": "122406424", "year": "2020", "title": "sixty years of european integration and global power shifts perceptions interactions and lessons edited by j chaisse london hart 2020 isbn 9781509933723 xviii 502pp 85 00 hb", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "3022760767" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Sixty Years of European Integration and Global Power Shifts: Perceptions, Interactions and Lessons, edited by J. Chaisse (London: Hart, 2020, ISBN 9781509933723); xviii+502pp., \u00a385.00 hb.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3036791599", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2020", "title": "reordering gender systems can covid 19 lead to improved gender equality and health", "label": [ "2778149918", "91034043" ], "author": [ "2190594309", "2125825458", "2497309132", "2146874337", "2601996368", "2083417339" ], "reference": [ "1921103552", "2058537172", "2116799453", "2132509320", "2249032640", "2290701979", "2395350017", "2518460496", "2805941114", "2883091971", "2905954624", "2913994064", "2947022208", "2947511672", "3019877285", "3195724199" ], "abstract": "covid 19 has delivered a shock to existing gender systems that could recalibrate gender roles with beneficial effects on population health the economic arrangements policy frameworks and market forces that determine the distribution of paid and unpaid labour across society are powerful structural determinants of health 1 the way that paid and unpaid labour is inequitably divided between men and women is central to the perpetuation of gender inequalities across the globe and the ways that such divisions can be shifted or disrupted offer critical opportunities to modify the gender differentiated effects of covid 19 on health", "title_raw": "Reordering gender systems: can COVID-19 lead to improved gender equality and health?", "abstract_raw": "COVID-19 has delivered a shock to existing gender\nsystems that could recalibrate gender roles, with\nbeneficial effects on population health. The economic\narrangements, policy frameworks, and market forces\nthat determine the distribution of paid and unpaid labour\nacross society are powerful structural determinants\nof health.1 The way that paid and unpaid labour is\ninequitably divided between men and women is central\nto the perpetuation of gender inequalities across the\nglobe, and the ways that such divisions can be shifted\nor disrupted offer critical opportunities to modify the\ngender-differentiated effects of COVID-19 on health." }, { "paper": "3016306676", "venue": "197437610", "year": "2020", "title": "alison j bruey bread justice and liberty grassroots activism and human rights in pinochet s chile", "label": [ "2781188222", "169437150", "199539241", "139621336" ], "author": [ "3017367998" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Alison J. Bruey. Bread, Justice, and Liberty: Grassroots Activism and Human Rights in Pinochet\u2019s Chile.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3088307669", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2020", "title": "covid vaccine results are on the way and scientists concerns are growing", "label": [ "94625758", "39549134" ], "author": [ "2395531194", "1986577267" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "researchers warn that vaccines could stumble on safety trials be fast tracked because of politics or fail to meet the public s expectations researchers warn that vaccines could stumble on safety trials be fast tracked because of politics or fail to meet the public s expectations", "title_raw": "COVID-vaccine results are on the way - and scientists' concerns are growing", "abstract_raw": "Researchers warn that vaccines could stumble on safety trials, be fast-tracked because of politics or fail to meet the public\u2019s expectations. Researchers warn that vaccines could stumble on safety trials, be fast-tracked because of politics or fail to meet the public\u2019s expectations." }, { "paper": "3013500737", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2020", "title": "equal employment opportunity women bureaucrats in male dominated professions", "label": [ "2780870317" ], "author": [ "2811160927", "2335927704" ], "reference": [ "187195281", "1136438815", "1607675442", "1970958661", "1972834292", "1979290264", "1983822788", "1989265964", "2008525331", "2023418928", "2025976754", "2030302294", "2047873637", "2055857979", "2060789611", "2068397566", "2072395104", "2079098194", "2079419150", "2083051886", "2096731204", "2125215673", "2128815395", "2143578828", "2159201626", "2161981219", "2437730962", "2752839399", "2754799758", "2779315757", "2806919719", "2809933562", "2810877000", "2904473559", "2950999088", "2965867701", "3121647622" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Equal Employment Opportunity: Women Bureaucrats in Male\u2010Dominated Professions", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3008874633", "venue": "124584455", "year": "2020", "title": "rainfall population density and voter turnout", "label": [ "2779838221", "520049643", "2779567914", "59742305" ], "author": [ "2901645218", "2563117268" ], "reference": [ "1978511425", "2004956617", "2018037458", "2082339685", "2095618201", "2099304543", "2104913729", "2108355281", "2112352537", "2117251752", "2137622327", "2147332011", "2168673857", "2189090935", "2214070023", "2220180019", "2287390436", "2299321574", "2316318579", "2883201440", "3045058852", "3122966336", "3124212325", "3124615929" ], "abstract": "abstract we create a dataset linking rainfall amounts to constituency level election data for irish general elections over the period 1989 2016 rainfall is shown to significantly reduce voter turnout the marginal effect of rainfall on turnout is greater in densely populated constituencies where a rainy day decreases turnout by as much as three percentage points or five percent using a theoretical framework based on a rational voting model we propose two possible explanations for this effect firstly if rural voters have higher civic duty than urban voters they may be immune to rain on election day secondly mode of transport may play a role urban voters are more likely to travel on foot or bicycle whereas rural voters typically travel by car therefore the cost to voting associated with rainfall may be higher in urban areas constituency level data on mode of transport from 1997 to 2016 provides some empirical support for this hypothesis", "title_raw": "Rainfall, population density and voter turnout", "abstract_raw": "Abstract We create a dataset linking rainfall amounts to constituency-level election data for Irish general elections over the period 1989\u20132016. Rainfall is shown to significantly reduce voter turnout. The marginal effect of rainfall on turnout is greater in densely populated constituencies, where a rainy day decreases turnout by as much as three percentage points (or five percent). Using a theoretical framework based on a rational voting model, we propose two possible explanations for this effect. Firstly, if rural voters have higher civic duty than urban voters, they may be immune to rain on election day. Secondly, mode of transport may play a role. Urban voters are more likely to travel on foot or bicycle, whereas rural voters typically travel by car. Therefore, the cost to voting associated with rainfall may be higher in urban areas. Constituency-level data on mode of transport from 1997 to 2016 provides some empirical support for this hypothesis." }, { "paper": "3101084431", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2020", "title": "member influence and involvement in civil society organizations a resource dependency perspective on groups and parties", "label": [ "513891491", "3116431" ], "author": [ "3100615894", "2697976522" ], "reference": [ "15487420", "17887457", "21913495", "42001038", "62325398", "90554153", "113182082", "817272964", "1662361629", "1778982737", "1812325255", "1822348759", "1985542791", "1986078939", "1988662912", "1993555291", "1997484438", "2001506303", "2003222011", "2018972251", "2028683827", "2031173378", "2036999860", "2038456924", "2045882795", "2058278432", "2064563668", "2065501634", "2078704384", "2087498793", "2088202552", "2095653578", "2100370123", "2108361872", "2112714193", "2119852045", "2120167690", "2126058594", "2129600824", "2139017718", "2141727603", "2153179444", "2158542841", "2163043933", "2171203733", "2232964078", "2277378602", "2314253631", "2478665930", "2490007936", "2498899582", "2500145401", "2500245181", "2594537147", "2602483374", "2755474721", "2904265621", "2919078065", "3121539865", "3123413473", "3125866985" ], "abstract": "which membership based voluntary organizations constitutive of civil society such as parties interest groups or service oriented organizations keep their members active and which forms of activism", "title_raw": "Member Influence and Involvement in Civil Society Organizations: A Resource Dependency Perspective on Groups and Parties:", "abstract_raw": "Which membership-based voluntary organizations constitutive of civil society such as parties, interest groups or service-oriented organizations keep their members active and which forms of activism..." }, { "paper": "2998795191", "venue": "94908168", "year": "2020", "title": "institutional self promotion a comparative study of appraisal resources used by top and second tier universities in china and america", "label": [ "120912362", "39549134", "191935318", "134819137" ], "author": [ "2999603486", "2573710599" ], "reference": [ "127043209", "384697267", "597039002", "1505387870", "1528113760", "1539663243", "1569812823", "1596889611", "1599835099", "1978356349", "1984154003", "1987109752", "1997461320", "2004736350", "2006943109", "2009869783", "2014437713", "2016092185", "2017401430", "2020661866", "2022998995", "2023673818", "2026346291", "2030009466", "2030168907", "2034054876", "2037124948", "2044489488", "2045206493", "2048826359", "2058738741", "2058981725", "2067140652", "2069822874", "2077919922", "2080958815", "2081228936", "2082519422", "2096435648", "2100302824", "2137579698", "2141691438", "2152893340", "2156013069", "2159389020", "2163408952", "2185998172", "2201905500", "2241330485", "2303251451", "2311054210", "2339277125", "2346153354", "2370949074", "2734324544", "2752618660", "2764093488", "2772932121", "2787925840", "2789411532", "2792107486", "2792562815", "2798304687", "2804614400", "2805801558", "2839581089", "2883768411", "2886720185", "2891536162", "2892247020", "2892883550", "2898107813", "2917463640", "2922051062", "2924035033", "2944764973", "2948748213", "2955553893", "2965927385", "2968301923", "3121590070", "3130069019", "3202535267" ], "abstract": "abstract self promotion is a ubiquitous institutional practice of universities worldwide it serves a variety of high priority institutional purposes such as vying for a pre eminent position in university league tables recruiting students and academics attracting governmental and private funds and seeking university business cooperation opportunities central to self promotion is the role that language plays previous studies have conducted linguistic analyses to uncover universities promotional strategies however few have examined how universities appraise themselves from a cross cultural and cross tier perspective drawing on a discourse analysis approach this study examined how 160 top and second tier chinese and american universities appraised themselves in the about us texts on their official websites cross country and cross tier comparisons were conducted by determining the frequencies of specific appraisal resources and performing a close analysis of the functions and features of these resources the findings revealed significant cross country and cross tier differences in the ways the universities project and position themselves to their stakeholders these differences are discussed against the backdrop of particular socio cultural socio political and socio economic factors that constitute the ecologies of higher education", "title_raw": "Institutional Self-Promotion: A Comparative Study of Appraisal Resources Used by Top- and Second-Tier Universities in China and America.", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Self-promotion is a ubiquitous institutional practice of universities worldwide. It serves a variety of high-priority institutional purposes such as vying for a pre-eminent position in university league tables, recruiting students and academics, attracting governmental and private funds, and seeking university-business cooperation opportunities. Central to self-promotion is the role that language plays. Previous studies have conducted linguistic analyses to uncover universities\u2019 promotional strategies. However, few have examined how universities appraise themselves from a cross-cultural and cross-tier perspective. Drawing on a discourse analysis approach, this study examined how 160 top- and second-tier Chinese and American universities appraised themselves in the About Us texts on their official websites. Cross-country and cross-tier comparisons were conducted by determining the frequencies of specific appraisal resources and performing a close analysis of the functions and features of these resources. The findings revealed significant cross-country and cross-tier differences in the ways the universities project and position themselves to their stakeholders. These differences are discussed against the backdrop of particular socio-cultural, socio-political, and socio-economic factors that constitute the ecologies of higher education." }, { "paper": "2944468116", "venue": "106822843", "year": "2020", "title": "tool of economic development metric of global health promoting planned families and economized life in nepal", "label": [ "2779233565", "2779566690", "46578552", "68151297" ], "author": [ "2116845683" ], "reference": [ "440283716", "605482748", "616231968", "640118738", "1518814510", "1565329206", "1581545764", "1605072533", "1928369476", "1977842321", "1978960076", "1979277096", "1981156273", "1981298602", "1987937545", "1995457088", "2012875559", "2019123657", "2020056305", "2071787765", "2074413559", "2075269447", "2091452405", "2105374317", "2117409633", "2122670338", "2130313782", "2135463798", "2139021582", "2156880508", "2167812269", "2172736381", "2250761861", "2346009715", "2486961300", "2509420589", "2567475509", "2616952675", "2619871202", "2624639579", "2898607023", "2916821738", "2917753732", "2925193316", "3033742470" ], "abstract": "abstract in contemporary global health and development discourses contraception is cast in multiple roles an antipoverty tool at the household level a tool of economic development at the national level a smart investment with net gains a means of empowering women a way of lowering maternal mortality ratios in order to examine such discursive uses of contraception and their implications for women in a concrete way i use a compelling case of the history of the promotion of planned families in nepal and a recent social and behavior change communication contraception campaign designed in the us using social text analysis to examine this multi year multi platform campaign in nepal i found that the advertisements present idealized images of smart couples progressive middle class families engaged in rationalistic family planning to delay and space their offspring a major theme identified aspirations to be middle class links these specific family planning behaviors to upward economic mobility the small family ideal previously promoted in the global south had outlived its relevance as nepal and other countries reached near replacement level fertility rates the gradual historical refashioning in nepal of a discourse that promotes the small family to one that promotes the modern smart couple is an illustrative example of the global trend in which a message of replacement level fertility is repackaged as a message of delaying and spacing births under the guise of health as funding agencies promote contraceptive adoption as a women s health issue underlying this discursive repackaging however is a continued economization of life and health", "title_raw": "Tool of economic development, metric of global health: Promoting planned families and economized life in Nepal.", "abstract_raw": "Abstract In contemporary global health and development discourses, contraception is cast in multiple roles: an antipoverty tool at the household level, a tool of economic development at the national level, a smart investment with net gains, a means of empowering women, a way of lowering maternal mortality ratios. In order to examine such discursive uses of contraception \u2013 and their implications for women \u2013 in a concrete way, I use a compelling case of the history of the promotion of planned families in Nepal and a recent social and behavior change communication contraception campaign designed in the US. Using social text analysis to examine this multi-year, multi-platform campaign in Nepal, I found that the advertisements present idealized images of \u201csmart couples:\u201d progressive, middle-class families engaged in rationalistic family planning to delay and space their offspring. A major theme identified, aspirations to be middle class, links these specific family planning behaviors to upward economic mobility. The small-family ideal previously promoted in the global South had outlived its relevance as Nepal and other countries reached near replacement-level fertility rates. The gradual historical refashioning in Nepal of a discourse that promotes the \u201csmall family\u201d to one that promotes the modern \u201csmart couple\u201d is an illustrative example of the global trend in which a message of replacement-level fertility is repackaged as a message of delaying and spacing births under the guise of health, as funding agencies promote contraceptive adoption as a women's health issue. Underlying this discursive repackaging, however, is a continued economization of life and health." }, { "paper": "3007361977", "venue": "40252047", "year": "2020", "title": "cabo verde and the mca foreign aid programme", "label": [ "2781205572", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2001250704" ], "reference": [ "419995159", "1494563526", "1536318278", "1814648220", "1949853862", "1983337267", "2028863497", "2033326165", "2037646574", "2043340830", "2047163265", "2081043579", "2125298898", "2153031274", "2159393855", "2160939855", "2316751012", "2470524681", "2622193775", "2799726962", "3123374769", "3123401620", "3125364203" ], "abstract": "in 2005 cabo verde became the second african country to receive the new foreign aid programme of the usa the millennium challenge account mca it was among the few recipients of a second grant foreign aid has always been a controversial and hotly contested issue and the mca is no exception this paper based partly on personal experience with the programme provides a critical examination of the nature process and implementation of the mca grants in cabo verde the country had campaigned aggressively for the grants the mca not only financed important public investments it was debt free and without conditionalities however even while it allowed more leeway over its use and implementation compared with other aid programmes it engendered its own challenges", "title_raw": "Cabo Verde and the MCA foreign aid programme", "abstract_raw": "In 2005, Cabo Verde became the second African country to receive the new foreign aid programme of the USA, the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA). It was among the few recipients of a second grant. Foreign aid has always been a controversial and hotly contested issue, and the MCA is no exception. This paper, based partly on personal experience with the programme, provides a critical examination of the nature, process and implementation of the MCA grants in Cabo Verde. The country had campaigned aggressively for the grants. The MCA not only financed important public investments, it was debt-free and without conditionalities. However, even while it allowed more leeway over its use and implementation compared with other aid programmes, it engendered its own challenges." }, { "paper": "3036488920", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2020", "title": "lockdown is not egalitarian the costs fall on the global poor", "label": [ "189326681", "94625758" ], "author": [ "3035798565", "2954549257", "2954556175", "2251265509", "2171317900" ], "reference": [ "3014783738", "3016623372" ], "abstract": "we support richard horton s call for a post covid 19 health recovery programme 1 but his lack of attention to so called lockdown victims is disappointing evidence of avoidable non covid 19 deaths eg cancer deaths 2 child deaths from measles 3 women dying in labour4 is mounting we are disappointed by the false dichotomy implicit in the assertion that there should be no trade off between health and wealth the wealthy might profit from the economy but the poor live by it view related content for this article https www thelancet com journals lancet article piis0140 6736 20 31422 7 fulltext coronavirus linkback header like unicef5 and others we believe that lockdowns kill people through disruption of health services and deprivation of livelihoods at the bottom of the global pile recession is not just a matter of having less it is a matter of life and death when we lockdown we cause deaths in the developing world to prolong lives in the developed world too poor to weather the storm and lucky to make it to adulthood according to unicef over 5 million children under age 5 years die annually and according to un world population prospects 2019 data the median age in africa is 19 7 years those near or below the poverty line stand to benefit little from lockdown but they bear the lion s share of the cost children are especially vulnerable to malnutrition and diseases of poverty and especially not vulnerable to covid 19 it is unhelpful to characterise lockdown scepticism as a neoliberal political stance lockdown is demonstrably not egalitarian in either its costs or its benefits we must assess lockdowns and other measures holistically 6 remembering that the costs will mostly fall as ever on the global poor", "title_raw": "Lockdown is not egalitarian: the costs fall on the global poor.", "abstract_raw": "We support Richard Horton's call for a post-COVID-19 health recovery programme,1 but his lack of attention to so-called lockdown victims is disappointing.\nEvidence of avoidable non-COVID-19 deaths (eg, cancer deaths,2 child deaths from measles,3 women dying in labour4) is mounting. We are disappointed by the false dichotomy implicit in the assertion that there \u201cshould be no trade-off between health and wealth\u201d. The wealthy might profit from the economy, but the poor live by it.\n\u2022 View related content for this article: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31422-7/fulltext#coronavirus-linkback-header\nLike UNICEF5 and others, we believe that lockdowns kill people through disruption of health services and deprivation of livelihoods. At the bottom of the global pile, recession is not just a matter of having less: it is a matter of life and death.\nWhen we lockdown, we cause deaths in the developing world to prolong lives in the developed world. Too poor to weather the storm, and lucky to make it to adulthood (according to UNICEF, over 5 million children under age 5 years die annually, and according to UN World Population Prospects 2019 data, the median age in Africa is 19\u00b77 years), those near or below the poverty line stand to benefit little from lockdown, but they bear the lion's share of the cost. Children are especially vulnerable to malnutrition and diseases of poverty\u2014and especially not vulnerable to COVID-19.\nIt is unhelpful to characterise lockdown scepticism as a neoliberal political stance. Lockdown is demonstrably not egalitarian in either its costs or its benefits. We must assess lockdowns and other measures holistically,6 remembering that the costs will mostly fall, as ever, on the global poor." }, { "paper": "3041892503", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2020", "title": "protective arrangements across class understanding social segregation in la plata argentina", "label": [ "110888244" ], "author": [ "3040952380" ], "reference": [ "1615350071", "1929552144", "1988027132", "2035384170", "2053919327", "2120942160", "2134339101", "2156336085", "2166519089", "2256553243", "2755080563", "2946472133", "3041069827" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Protective Arrangements Across Class: Understanding Social Segregation in La Plata, Argentina", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2996504342", "venue": "64122990", "year": "2020", "title": "the syrian wars of words international and local instrumentalisations of the war on terror", "label": [ "81631423", "2779030433", "203133693", "2777162435", "46295352" ], "author": [ "2228840437" ], "reference": [ "220550847", "369775116", "607035697", "1489391066", "1550535068", "1569186842", "1593807820", "1602756155", "1644425777", "1829460440", "1842889902", "1967459287", "1972208633", "1987169360", "1987705691", "1988629907", "1992009778", "1992902256", "2007551996", "2038526695", "2041922121", "2046443756", "2074523555", "2146540586", "2167250774", "2171963043", "2173500177", "2222173419", "2313260781", "2407002517", "2484318366", "2490054679", "2537555776", "2724574140", "2762668502", "2792646388", "2894681865", "2898537557", "2921916526", "2921924698", "2945396417", "2996798213" ], "abstract": "this article presents a study of the wars of words among selected parties involved in the syrian conflict based on a combination of content analysis and critical discourse analysis cda it exa", "title_raw": "The Syrian wars of words: international and local instrumentalisations of the war on terror", "abstract_raw": "This article presents a study of the \u2018wars of words\u2019 among selected parties involved in the Syrian conflict. Based on a combination of content analysis and critical discourse analysis (CDA), it exa..." }, { "paper": "3022043183", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2020", "title": "do immigrants favor liberal naturalization requirements assessments of citizenship criteria among majority natives immigrants and descendants of immigrants in norway", "label": [ "2780781376", "70036468", "2779392107" ], "author": [ "1738115887", "2010244598", "2123667247", "3015724076", "2559396729", "695298922", "1853000200", "2021943765" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Do immigrants favor liberal naturalization requirements? Assessments of citizenship criteria among majority natives, immigrants and descendants of immigrants in Norway", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3036502668", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2020", "title": "why international organizations commit to liberal norms", "label": [ "46295352", "2778061430", "555826173", "84309077", "125559964", "2776310101", "2779449393" ], "author": [ "667007562", "1898763321", "2110897952", "724213152" ], "reference": [ "149816874", "161694844", "168611751", "372219809", "417887697", "560988255", "575465035", "591816787", "596996414", "600373717", "642113254", "649056258", "870499699", "1500087826", "1515708837", "1592681708", "1605186412", "1799313978", "1930398323", "1965278510", "1969928014", "1983556216", "1987835070", "1993663609", "1997235874", "2005506747", "2019096529", "2019834961", "2033933531", "2049670036", "2070746681", "2071775357", "2073493950", "2079548763", "2079643502", "2092620084", "2097155323", "2100666645", "2103329342", "2108935876", "2110438916", "2115683271", "2118463881", "2123883623", "2130184970", "2132378363", "2136352325", "2151031625", "2155243171", "2156750350", "2164304100", "2171205705", "2172246118", "2187949524", "2295234809", "2298808864", "2325207043", "2346249338", "2470063274", "2493573820", "2499271742", "2500525578", "2554202887", "2599869922", "2600060172", "2735295819", "2766150710", "2785400778", "2795411119", "2900825227", "2901779865", "2916474753", "2973282358", "2994298102", "3020877949", "3121563370", "3124064047", "3124155416" ], "abstract": "recent decades have witnessed the emergence and spread of a broad range of liberal norms in global governance among them sustainable development gender equality and human security while existing scholarship tells us a lot about the trajectories of particular norms we know much less about the broader patterns and sources of commitments to liberal norms by international organizations ios this article offers the first comparative large n analysis of such commitments building on a unique dataset on io policy decisions over the time period 1980 2015 distinguishing between deep norm commitment and shallow norm recognition the analysis produces several novel findings we establish that ios deeper commitments to liberal norms primarily are driven by internal conditions democratic memberships and institutional designs more conducive to norm entrepreneurship in contrast legitimacy standards in the external environment of ios often invoked in existing research mainly account for shallower recognition or talk of norms", "title_raw": "Why international organizations commit to liberal norms", "abstract_raw": "Recent decades have witnessed the emergence and spread of a broad range of liberal norms in global governance, among them sustainable development, gender equality, and human security. While existing scholarship tells us a lot about the trajectories of particular norms, we know much less about the broader patterns and sources of commitments to liberal norms by international organizations (IOs). This article offers the first comparative large-N analysis of such commitments, building on a unique dataset on IO policy decisions over the time period 1980-2015. Distinguishing between deep norm commitment and shallow norm recognition, the analysis produces several novel findings. We establish that IOs' deeper commitments to liberal norms primarily are driven by internal conditions: democratic memberships and institutional designs more conducive to norm entrepreneurship. In contrast, legitimacy standards in the external environment of IOs, often invoked in existing research, mainly account for shallower recognition or \"talk\" of norms." }, { "paper": "3015509226", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2020", "title": "a critical examination of international research conducted by north korean authors increasing trends of collaborative research between china and north korea", "label": [ "191935318", "83867959" ], "author": [ "2594831089", "3016202872" ], "reference": [ "80182956", "767067438", "819493428", "1546460521", "1767272795", "1799889357", "1978891813", "2010675430", "2041768402", "2080511631", "2083859117", "2087742892", "2095459590", "2095909306", "2097777089", "2130456849", "2150220236", "2182559116", "2187134281", "2335747497", "2337283685", "2588805545", "2607709077", "2607718478", "2622493130", "2750119096", "2755950973", "2769370638", "2784610203", "2794444698", "2800453889", "2800869547", "2801872039", "2804468734", "2888588888", "2900295181", "2911633534", "2912960797", "2916210765", "2917240885", "2922402807", "2938789811", "2967959830", "2969836413", "2975207170" ], "abstract": "this study aimed to investigate the topical areas and collaboration patterns of north korean researchers to conduct this study bibliographic records of researchers affiliated with institutions in the city of pyongyang for the years from 2002 to 2018 were retrieved from the scopus database the results showed disproportional levels of collaboration with china and the marginal level of research papers north korean researchers seemed to have worked on labor intensive subject areas that have both civilian and military applications the results implied that north korea is only making modest levels of contributions to the global academic community the increase in the number of international journal papers authored by north korean researchers can be considered as a side benefit of maintaining a close relationship with china the collaboration patterns of north korea and china seemed to reflect china s engagement policy toward north korea and the rapid rise of china s scientific research production in recent years the results of this study should be taken into consideration in the design of national policies that tolerate or inhibit collaboration with north korean researchers", "title_raw": "A critical examination of international research conducted by North Korean authors: Increasing trends of collaborative research between China and North Korea", "abstract_raw": "This study aimed to investigate the topical areas and collaboration patterns of North Korean researchers. To conduct this study, bibliographic records of researchers affiliated with institutions in the city of Pyongyang for the years from 2002 to 2018 were retrieved from the Scopus database. The results showed disproportional levels of collaboration with China and the marginal level of research papers. North Korean researchers seemed to have worked on labor-intensive subject areas that have both civilian and military applications. The results implied that North Korea is only making modest levels of contributions to the global academic community. The increase in the number of international journal papers authored by North Korean researchers can be considered as a side benefit of maintaining a close relationship with China. The collaboration patterns of North Korea and China seemed to reflect China\u2019s engagement policy toward North Korea and the rapid rise of China\u2019s scientific research production in recent years. The results of this study should be taken into consideration in the design of national policies that tolerate or inhibit collaboration with North Korean researchers." }, { "paper": "3003031306", "venue": "20177303", "year": "2020", "title": "civilian victimization and ethnic civil war", "label": [ "137403100", "81631423", "2777593458" ], "author": [ "2054840717", "2104781278", "2788312166", "3001045651" ], "reference": [ "177879470", "833676907", "1539903039", "1770116696", "1839468343", "1919102951", "1936886665", "1964426979", "1974519470", "1975809714", "1977563459", "1981457167", "2007352806", "2012578088", "2014843341", "2020921337", "2031539847", "2039928542", "2058887530", "2058961374", "2063161863", "2089463556", "2095301906", "2102303177", "2103350201", "2108078693", "2113441727", "2119977277", "2146280510", "2149047800", "2150392156", "2157391464", "2159112547", "2169685578", "2170756761", "2310751889", "2321922719", "2327505141", "2333532442", "2467499623", "2530641022", "2598553948", "2604214429", "2741257209", "2764123652", "2767649306", "2899613335", "2902442626", "2907405928", "2946606506", "2977201330", "3121835036" ], "abstract": "while many studies provide insights into the causes of wartime civilian victimization we know little about how the targeting of particular segments of the civilian population affects the onset and", "title_raw": "Civilian Victimization and Ethnic Civil War", "abstract_raw": "While many studies provide insights into the causes of wartime civilian victimization, we know little about how the targeting of particular segments of the civilian population affects the onset and..." }, { "paper": "3048623625", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2020", "title": "is open access publication useful for all research fields presence of funding collaboration and impact", "label": [ "151719136", "2778805511" ], "author": [ "2098335764" ], "reference": [ "860652981", "1560783210", "1996515099", "2015119537", "2016860460", "2048185449", "2086496065", "2089604928", "2099094735", "2124903557", "2660852010", "2741809807", "2759214027", "2789707016", "2802321208", "2889817646", "2890673643", "2896570874", "2898324775", "2899053069", "2921565448", "2938143680", "2944695068", "2949810805", "2953472947", "2955151262", "2962761131", "2962868865", "2980081154" ], "abstract": "open access oa to every research result supported by funding bodies is a medium to long term goal this work aims to find out whether oa publication is useful for all research fields regardless of their specific features as a sample articles from the wos databases from two disparate disciplines one from ssci and another from scie are selected and several hypotheses related to the presence of funding acknowledgements cooperation and citations are tested a first look at the general distribution of publications shows that collaborative and funded research obtains a higher proportion of cited articles and that this proportion increases in the case of oa publications moreover the logistic regression reveals that the probability of finding an oa publication is significantly increased in the scie discipline and by the presence of eu funding international collaboration and citations this probability rises with some interactions e g presence of international funding and international collaboration or international funding and citations regarding oa types green oa publications are the most related to fund recognition although gold oa bronze oa articles in international collaboration are also significantly related to financing concerning impact the most likely cited oa type is the hybrid oa however if papers include funding acknowledgements the bronze oa and green oa publications increase their citation likelihood similarly when gold oa articles include international collaboration there is a greater chance of citation with these findings it is possible to venture that oa publishing will be useful for all research fields although their specific features should be considered consequently funders should be aware of these particularities to stimulate oa without compromising the quality of the research", "title_raw": "Is open access publication useful for all research fields? Presence of funding, collaboration and impact", "abstract_raw": "Open access (OA) to every research result supported by funding bodies is a medium to long-term goal. This work aims to find out whether OA publication is useful for all research fields, regardless of their specific features. As a sample, articles from the WoS databases from two disparate disciplines (one from SSCI and another from SCIE) are selected, and several hypotheses related to the presence of funding acknowledgements, cooperation and citations are tested. A first look at the general distribution of publications shows that collaborative and funded research obtains a higher proportion of cited articles, and that this proportion increases in the case of OA publications. Moreover, the logistic regression reveals that the probability of finding an OA publication is significantly increased in the SCIE discipline, and by the presence of EU funding, international collaboration and citations. This probability rises with some interactions (e.g. presence of international funding and international collaboration, or international funding and citations). Regarding OA types, Green OA publications are the most related to fund recognition, although Gold OA/Bronze OA articles in international collaboration are also significantly related to financing. Concerning impact, the most likely cited OA type is the Hybrid OA. However, if papers include funding acknowledgements, the Bronze OA and Green OA publications increase their citation likelihood. Similarly, when Gold OA articles include international collaboration, there is a greater chance of citation. With these findings, it is possible to venture that OA publishing will be useful for all research fields, although their specific features should be considered. Consequently, funders should be aware of these particularities to stimulate OA without compromising the quality of the research." }, { "paper": "3049754935", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2020", "title": "british economic regulators in an age of politicisation from the responsible to the responsive regulatory state", "label": [ "2775930736", "3116431", "2780984029" ], "author": [ "2154390032", "2241238180" ], "reference": [ "135977921", "216342353", "347706241", "1524364243", "1581687645", "1936979584", "1940420445", "1948736701", "1966358148", "1993699382", "1998470205", "2002568051", "2006633854", "2022538355", "2054810450", "2107266441", "2129057559", "2134362232", "2137603322", "2143590178", "2148426523", "2166842436", "2252047464", "2311875153", "2486450627", "2567289819", "2751565736", "2887138699", "2939661426", "2947583189", "3007077388", "3007751984", "3125568852", "3125594393", "3167941705" ], "abstract": "the regulatory state that developed in britain and elsewhere in the 1980s and 1990s was characterised by independent agencies efficiency based objectives econocratic analysis and an emphasis o", "title_raw": "British economic regulators in an age of politicisation: from the responsible to the responsive regulatory state?", "abstract_raw": "The regulatory state that developed in Britain and elsewhere in the 1980s and 1990s was characterised by independent agencies, efficiency-based objectives, \u2018econocratic\u2019 analysis, and an emphasis o..." }, { "paper": "2999526501", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2020", "title": "allies that count junior partners in coalition warfare", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "2919688537" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Allies that count: junior partners in coalition warfare", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3023984026", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2020", "title": "conflict among member states and the influence of the commission in emu politics", "label": [ "2776034101", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2884031424", "2078354459" ], "reference": [ "33430200", "1534816947", "1967260171", "2002515216", "2007637130", "2019273025", "2030509836", "2064254697", "2087321963", "2106577886", "2136840637", "2144809055", "2153781341", "2279625632", "2298779625", "2340317801", "2529555598", "2572159991", "2584656615", "2609664987", "2903528079", "2903680044", "2906135753", "2908904763", "2912220946", "2918422649", "3018132032", "3018909533", "3019741190", "3020439962" ], "abstract": "the recent reforms of the euro zone are best explained in three steps a member states preferences were determined by national governments on the basis of their economic interests which are int", "title_raw": "Conflict among member states and the influence of the Commission in EMU politics", "abstract_raw": "The recent reforms of the euro zone are best explained in three steps: (a) member states\u2019 preferences were determined by national governments on the basis of their economic interests, which are int..." }, { "paper": "2971309684", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2020", "title": "personalization of power and repression in dictatorships", "label": [ "2776051254", "2779737220", "48327123", "169437150", "68346564" ], "author": [ "2569116546", "138546508", "2387088963", "2727773482" ], "reference": [ "1482285206", "1597529951", "2118456693", "2128433189", "2146766975", "2166749687", "2797283796", "2885337224" ], "abstract": "this article uses new data measuring gradations of personalism in authoritarian regimes to evaluate the relationship between concentration of power and patterns of repression it shows that the per", "title_raw": "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "abstract_raw": "This article uses new data measuring gradations of personalism in authoritarian regimes to evaluate the relationship between concentration of power and patterns of repression. It shows that the per..." }, { "paper": "3029613260", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2020", "title": "the citation impact of social sciences and humanities upon patentable technology", "label": [ "2778793908", "2778805511", "83867959" ], "author": [ "1439594067", "2004432681", "2012284084", "3172641337" ], "reference": [ "88123311", "199852643", "1996528643", "2080838006", "2088209891", "2109047170", "2135465664", "2441680265", "2589794072", "2952349958", "3124396716" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The citation impact of social sciences and humanities upon patentable technology", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3102833996", "venue": "32314625", "year": "2020", "title": "mobility stagnation or attrition diverse earning trajectories in a cohort of foreign born men", "label": [ "2777780933" ], "author": [ "2907691194", "1963846636" ], "reference": [ "135250288", "869577141", "1531431581", "1537066827", "1972472827", "1976788164", "1990496836", "1991113213", "2002232438", "2004447924", "2006389832", "2025697326", "2030010311", "2041181582", "2043400977", "2058273029", "2075786106", "2077434333", "2080898942", "2088704677", "2089963591", "2097660706", "2105482844", "2106103695", "2111461461", "2111711073", "2119531068", "2125705164", "2137732703", "2158015988", "2158574981", "2161114303", "2161627134", "2161672009", "2163079552", "2166115766", "2228150443", "2259900678", "2294663883", "2322465030", "2327371457", "2331898333", "2489178753", "2525540483", "2762026383", "2774974579", "2785130179", "2808051342", "2921718354", "2965701116", "2984348637", "2991473201", "3121376785", "3121575574", "3122770852", "3123015728", "3123118907", "3124249015", "3124298747", "3124401164", "3125109350" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Mobility, Stagnation, or Attrition? Diverse Earning Trajectories in a Cohort of Foreign\u2010born Men", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3023332809", "venue": "6959732", "year": "2020", "title": "right populist parties and support for strong leaders", "label": [ "134698397" ], "author": [ "2305844614" ], "reference": [ "132993112", "978434593", "1861976667", "1968604274", "1987963854", "2011064905", "2011152119", "2012376608", "2057891826", "2073479826", "2080056892", "2088655005", "2093828892", "2121920773", "2125126908", "2133666122", "2143755459", "2151024509", "2152373879", "2157968420", "2161880986", "2163767345", "2259915401", "2467259613", "2546120876", "2575122022", "2622662596", "2944638568", "2974513868" ], "abstract": "this article tests if radical right populist rrp parties draw support from voters with non mainstream illiberal attitudes this follows from assumptions that these parties have rhetorical styli", "title_raw": "Right populist parties and support for strong leaders", "abstract_raw": "This article tests if radical right populist (RRP) parties draw support from voters with non-mainstream, illiberal attitudes. This follows from assumptions that these parties have rhetorical, styli..." }, { "paper": "2981732769", "venue": "130611943", "year": "2020", "title": "what determines social capital evidence from slavery s legacy in the united states and brazil", "label": [ "68062652" ], "author": [ "2771344490" ], "reference": [ "585794204", "659355943", "1509632354", "1511665033", "1550208060", "1550902027", "1560718776", "1597991763", "1606015852", "1666707582", "1854393855", "1977306490", "1987051264", "1994990033", "2004009208", "2004490204", "2008055695", "2013433610", "2030835994", "2032324681", "2038578742", "2041698007", "2051046705", "2064869822", "2067927337", "2078646629", "2078965247", "2089559945", "2090699109", "2092921373", "2093929429", "2100726744", "2101736928", "2111988782", "2112948240", "2117480767", "2118549945", "2120892989", "2124134613", "2130666162", "2132575282", "2132949698", "2132995826", "2135409175", "2137735723", "2137902599", "2139990300", "2142115438", "2145309110", "2145862775", "2147264455", "2172046725", "2199667087", "2333693286", "2341289892", "2735079832", "2753221422", "2784542055", "2790141813", "2885227173", "2887810674", "2890425606", "2935892433", "3021593216", "3121147769", "3121176624", "3121532354", "3122178585", "3122814517", "3124131699", "3141956022" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "What Determines Social Capital? Evidence from Slavery\u2019s Legacy in the United States and Brazil", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3094711138", "venue": "160686149", "year": "2020", "title": "health diplomacy in pandemical times", "label": [ "34355311", "46578552", "7991579", "557252395" ], "author": [ "2015716664" ], "reference": [ "120539917", "311593111", "604432714", "643861077", "1494828169", "1496071126", "1549680791", "1587761746", "1597031653", "1837697022", "1969983973", "1983829312", "1999474800", "2005596440", "2008464813", "2042509827", "2043678625", "2051403913", "2051432487", "2056395261", "2060930617", "2061640646", "2066076528", "2070343248", "2082398176", "2086801750", "2103475993", "2104116474", "2120946813", "2126836372", "2136019299", "2155573929", "2159224259", "2171205705", "2211285049", "2275776832", "2281381511", "2293030855", "2339731224", "2509863762", "2512651080", "2521364875", "2556834260", "2559927678", "2580576316", "2593815276", "2745759379", "2765117489", "2769841422", "2770213289", "2892362768", "2945845063", "2965472744", "3010427554", "3013627312", "3022665000", "3032373213", "3100121589", "3123248704", "3160767313", "3200629868" ], "abstract": "one likely effect of the covid 19 pandemic will be an increased focus on health diplomacy a topic that has rarely been taken up by international relations scholars after reviewing existing literature on health diplomacy i argue for the utility of distinguishing states aims from their practices of health diplomacy in advancing our understanding of when states engage in health diplomacy with a bilateral regional or global scope the recent history of twenty first century infectious disease outbreaks suggests a possible move away from health diplomacy with global participation covid 19 provides numerous examples from widespread criticism of the world health organization to increased bilateral health aid and the creation of a regional vaccine initiative as pandemics become more frequent however more localized health diplomacy is likely to be less effective given the necessity of global mitigation and containment copyright the io foundation 2020", "title_raw": "Health Diplomacy in Pandemical Times", "abstract_raw": "One likely effect of the COVID-19 pandemic will be an increased focus on health diplomacy, a topic that has rarely been taken up by international relations scholars After reviewing existing literature on health diplomacy, I argue for the utility of distinguishing states' aims from their practices of health diplomacy in advancing our understanding of when states engage in health diplomacy with a bilateral, regional, or global scope The recent history of twenty-first century infectious disease outbreaks suggests a possible move away from health diplomacy with global participation COVID-19 provides numerous examples, from widespread criticism of the World Health Organization to increased bilateral health aid and the creation of a regional vaccine initiative As pandemics become more frequent, however, more localized health diplomacy is likely to be less effective, given the necessity of global mitigation and containment Copyright \u00a9 The IO Foundation 2020" }, { "paper": "3045965026", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2020", "title": "covid 19 save lives with open intellectual property licences", "label": [ "34974158", "2779473830" ], "author": [ "2133672012", "2122059409", "3045995844" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "COVID-19: save lives with open intellectual-property licences.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3107416708", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2020", "title": "in blistering letter democrats demand answers on controversial appointee to u s standards agency", "label": [ "199539241" ], "author": [ "893310886" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "In blistering letter, Democrats demand answers on controversial appointee to U.S. standards agency", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3113290174", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2020", "title": "international organizations and the fight against novel pandemics", "label": [ "2781463252", "94625758", "160735492", "46578552" ], "author": [ "3111053762" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "varfolomeyev focuses on the role of international organizations in fighting the novel pandemics the global spread of the novel coronavirus infection has irreversibly transformed world politics major international organizations cannot ignore these tectonic changes international inaction may seem unrealistic because it is akin to criminal negligence the who defines a pandemic as the worldwide spread of a new disease 2 but note that this is a working political definition not an international legal one the main international treaty for cooperation in health care is the international health regulations ihr this is an agreement between 196 countries including all who member states to work together for global health security the ihr not only do not define a pandemic they do not even contain this term under the ihr states are required to notify the who of events that according to certain criteria may constitute an emergency", "title_raw": "International Organizations and the Fight Against Novel Pandemics", "abstract_raw": "Varfolomeyev focuses on the role of international organizations in fighting the novel pandemics The global spread of the novel coronavirus infection has irreversibly transformed world politics Major international organizations cannot ignore these tectonic changes International \"inaction\" may seem unrealistic, because it is akin to criminal negligence The WHO defines a pandemic as the worldwide spread of a new disease 2 But note that this is a working (political) definition, not an international legal one The main international treaty for cooperation in health care is the International Health Regulations (IHR) This is an agreement between 196 countries, including all WHO Member States, to work together \"for global health security \" The IHR not only do not define a \"pandemic,\" they do not even contain this term Under the IHR, states are required to notify the WHO of events that, according to certain criteria, may constitute an emergency" }, { "paper": "3036637736", "venue": "161027966", "year": "2020", "title": "democracy from above the unfulfilled promise of nationally mandated participatory reforms by stephanie l mcnulty stanford ca stanford university press 2019 248 pp paper 28 00", "label": [ "555826173", "3116431", "203663800" ], "author": [ "2042531892" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Democracy from Above? The Unfulfilled Promise of Nationally Mandated Participatory Reforms by Stephanie L.McNulty. Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 2019. 248 pp. Paper, $28.00.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2769779438", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2020", "title": "what explains taxation by resource rich rebels evidence from the islamic state in syria", "label": [ "2776398702", "81631423" ], "author": [ "660206889" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "greed based theories of civil war predict that rebel groups will only engage in taxation and other state building activities in areas where they lack exploitable resources however this prediction", "title_raw": "What Explains Taxation by Resource-Rich Rebels? Evidence from the Islamic State in Syria", "abstract_raw": "Greed-based theories of civil war predict that rebel groups will only engage in taxation and other state-building activities in areas where they lack exploitable resources. However, this prediction..." }, { "paper": "3007413054", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2020", "title": "determined to suppress everything like free speech lincoln s private letters reveal aggressive use of newspaper censorship", "label": [ "81631423", "52930066", "201280247", "2780668109" ], "author": [ "2042507300" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "this research contrasts two times president abraham lincoln suppressed the american civil war opposition press original letters from lincoln and those involved in the suppressions shed light on li", "title_raw": "\u201cDetermined to Suppress Everything Like Free Speech\u201d: Lincoln\u2019s Private Letters Reveal Aggressive Use of Newspaper Censorship", "abstract_raw": "This research contrasts two times President Abraham Lincoln suppressed the American Civil War opposition press. Original letters from Lincoln and those involved in the suppressions shed light on Li..." }, { "paper": "3025514348", "venue": "27717133", "year": "2020", "title": "what is this thing called peace", "label": [ "183761623", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2583810404" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "three books on peacekeeping explore the elusiveness and complexity but also the feasibility of un facilitated peace", "title_raw": "What Is This Thing Called Peace", "abstract_raw": "Three books on peacekeeping explore the elusiveness and complexity, but also the feasibility, of UN-facilitated peace." }, { "paper": "3007846908", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2020", "title": "party vibrancy and democracy in latin america by fernando rosenblatt new york oxford university press 2018 304p 78 00 cloth", "label": [ "555826173", "158886217" ], "author": [ "3008290509" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Party Vibrancy and Democracy in Latin America. By Fernando Rosenblatt. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. 304p. $78.00 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3042643414", "venue": "27211427", "year": "2020", "title": "explaining media coverage of constitutional court decisions in germany the role of case characteristics", "label": [ "2778645526", "90508534", "2778272461", "199539241" ], "author": [ "2583740235" ], "reference": [ "51990803", "1512096531", "1571894304", "1948407138", "1965380114", "1977224857", "1998708303", "2038123798", "2054154452", "2058122875", "2099472831", "2099712440", "2102376951", "2108603469", "2114403444", "2118921208", "2139258138", "2140279305", "2145626338", "2148752429", "2282499867", "2290394509", "2322078381", "2327926591", "2493646723", "2556488223", "2562922272", "2581851465", "2584776118", "2587717922", "2593185514", "2605694817", "2609727918", "2803536108", "2903743728", "2921564222", "3124327400", "3125937743" ], "abstract": "research on the media coverage of decisions by the u s supreme court has revealed that the newsworthiness of a court decision as determined by specific case characteristics influences the like", "title_raw": "Explaining Media Coverage of Constitutional Court Decisions in Germany: The Role of Case Characteristics", "abstract_raw": "Research on the media coverage of decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court has revealed that the newsworthiness of a court decision \u2013 as determined by specific case characteristics \u2013 influences the like..." }, { "paper": "2897449143", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2020", "title": "standing in line when queues are on the decline services satisfaction following the swedish health care waiting time guarantee", "label": [ "134698397", "160735492" ], "author": [ "152059175", "2617372042" ], "reference": [ "204232429", "1498624896", "1519908298", "1539081813", "1556951436", "1801593807", "1968649049", "1972101691", "1986204623", "1996993917", "1997820858", "2009658376", "2021652752", "2036159922", "2037704402", "2042436776", "2068895077", "2079063154", "2110603447", "2111770475", "2164635708", "2498974463", "2520463252", "2796817732" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Standing in Line When Queues Are on the Decline: Services Satisfaction Following the Swedish Health Care Waiting Time Guarantee", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2967297856", "venue": "50366009", "year": "2020", "title": "assembling street vending", "label": [ "94625758", "2778061430", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2119969020" ], "reference": [ "1484791593", "1584444110", "1741598619", "1846028839", "1905762051", "2015610422", "2024789835", "2041972815", "2045051343", "2045266229", "2064736698", "2066067140", "2073559418", "2095753332", "2098755927", "2101621439", "2105567163", "2116488332", "2131813338", "2132934304", "2142311938", "2159332089", "2159454496", "2160086877", "2292358430", "2293118241", "2321358496", "2326218793", "2336233433", "2340287644", "2341784539", "2469569363", "2510413987", "2525268256", "2526972785", "2567524408", "2580417295", "2586309453", "2741768006", "2752473278", "2761710427", "2765691808", "2791633321", "2791864434", "2942363081" ], "abstract": "current scholarship on street vending in cities of the global south have mainly focused on street vendors and their politics of resistance against the state s revanchist and exclusionary policies", "title_raw": "Assembling street vending", "abstract_raw": "Current scholarship on street vending in cities of the global south have mainly focused on street vendors and their politics of resistance against the state\u2019s revanchist and exclusionary policies. ..." }, { "paper": "3090228732", "venue": "130750583", "year": "2020", "title": "experiment based policy change over time learning from experiences in the dutch fen landscape", "label": [ "2776748549", "201305675" ], "author": [ "2296404257", "1955947494" ], "reference": [ "299759837", "1533239649", "1788156339", "1801577670", "1912887387", "1975173467", "1975949752", "1979290264", "1987913812", "1991640013", "1993053719", "2007322295", "2027503960", "2030289977", "2031330365", "2033673505", "2040375136", "2041666377", "2046277739", "2056299223", "2059527695", "2071666077", "2073054805", "2075232307", "2076861523", "2077736798", "2083818761", "2084530896", "2087652859", "2089549301", "2102861821", "2109804931", "2110166174", "2117372204", "2119865789", "2122528230", "2122820529", "2125595494", "2126498825", "2141421667", "2142130708", "2154302927", "2160237971", "2160836183", "2164499342", "2182311253", "2243673883", "2313563931", "2326019706", "2329461508", "2504430526", "2551213792", "2581257731", "2625053480", "2901978209" ], "abstract": "abstract this study provides insight into the potential of experiment based policy making to address complex environmental challenges the investigation shows the usefulness of making an analytical distinction between incremental and synoptic policy experiments to understand successful change over time incremental refers here to gradual adjustment of policies in a specific context synoptic to radical change of policies on a large scale success is understood in terms of drawing lessons and realising policy goals enabling diffusion and improving environmental status this unique study including both the initial investigation and a follow up 10 years after analyses the dynamics that emerged from seven empirical cases to identify factors affecting the design and success of these two types of experiments we studied three incremental experiments and four synoptic experiments in the dutch fen landscape to learn from their practical experiences this densely populated and commercially used landscape is vulnerable to environmental pressure such as precipitation peaks sea level rise and droughts initiators of the incremental experiments were able to change land use management practices albeit staying relatively close to the status quo in contrast while initiators of the synoptic experiments expressed higher ambitions in terms of change these experiments tended to experience stagnation and difficulties in implementation and diffusion observations reveal that experiment based policy change may crucially depend on capacity to deal with stakeholder dynamics and to embed experiments within multi level institutional settings", "title_raw": "Experiment-based policy change over time: Learning from experiences in the Dutch fen landscape", "abstract_raw": "Abstract This study provides insight into the potential of experiment-based policy making to address complex environmental challenges. The investigation shows the usefulness of making an analytical distinction between incremental and synoptic policy experiments to understand successful change over time. Incremental refers here to gradual adjustment of policies in a specific context, synoptic to radical change of policies on a large scale. Success is understood in terms of drawing lessons and realising policy goals, enabling diffusion and improving environmental status. This unique study, including both the initial investigation and a follow-up 10\u202fyears after, analyses the dynamics that emerged from seven empirical cases to identify factors affecting the design and success of these two types of experiments. We studied three incremental experiments and four synoptic experiments in the Dutch fen landscape to learn from their practical experiences. This densely populated and commercially used landscape is vulnerable to environmental pressure such as precipitation peaks, sea level rise and droughts. Initiators of the incremental experiments were able to change land-use management practices, albeit staying relatively close to the status quo. In contrast, while initiators of the synoptic experiments expressed higher ambitions in terms of change, these experiments tended to experience stagnation and difficulties in implementation and diffusion. Observations reveal that experiment-based policy change may crucially depend on capacity to deal with stakeholder dynamics and to embed experiments within multi-level institutional settings." }, { "paper": "2921885282", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2020", "title": "humanitarian capital how lawyers help immigrants use suffering to claim membership in the nation state", "label": [ "2780781376", "70036468", "2775910013" ], "author": [ "2605525634" ], "reference": [ "564991955", "590058957", "603679528", "1487019888", "1775047429", "1930492652", "1979623874", "2046911965", "2089165198", "2106906572", "2124167074", "2134041940", "2139656836", "2153130009", "2160296981", "2166130970", "2266611615", "2606620644", "2892943638", "3121345302" ], "abstract": "this paper explores how humanitarianism operates within the nation state asking what strategies do lawyers employ to help undocumented immigrants access membership rights in the united states tho", "title_raw": "Humanitarian capital: how lawyers help immigrants use suffering to claim membership in the nation-state", "abstract_raw": "This paper explores how humanitarianism operates within the nation-state, asking: what strategies do lawyers employ to help undocumented immigrants access membership rights in the United States tho..." }, { "paper": "2969812137", "venue": "12175909", "year": "2020", "title": "ideology identity and the immediate analyzing american jewish attitudes toward israel", "label": [ "158071213" ], "author": [ "3050653118", "2072074274" ], "reference": [ "613728239", "1639381090", "1839515838", "1985058498", "1999712917", "2001116633", "2012412202", "2016703919", "2027824507", "2029661088", "2049228636", "2051163078", "2052888722", "2053471255", "2055851089", "2073196933", "2074769608", "2088703500", "2095003501", "2146836006", "2157045409", "2157814864", "2157979842", "2166196343", "2324794073", "2328352643", "2330380260", "2331316716", "2742518620", "2789732821" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Ideology, Identity, and the Immediate: Analyzing American Jewish Attitudes toward Israel", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3080234205", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2020", "title": "people haven t had enough of experts technocratic attitudes among citizens in nine european democracies", "label": [ "185656870", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2255576588", "2512923394" ], "reference": [ "30507218", "1495503257", "1912952830", "1926477254", "2008773966", "2063711239", "2066863134", "2075685664", "2080056892", "2126632676", "2137597548", "2142850858", "2148756691", "2171814052", "2513807470", "2552913053", "2588946225", "2591010216", "2610717110", "2621986502", "2752629856", "2765482570", "2800805961", "2908773652", "2921238468", "2995708839" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "People Haven't Had Enough of Experts: Technocratic Attitudes among Citizens in Nine European Democracies", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3036843954", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2020", "title": "coronavirus misinformation and how scientists can help to fight it", "label": [ "2776990098", "134698397" ], "author": [ "2644015309" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "bogus remedies myths and fake news about covid 19 can cost lives here s how some scientists are fighting back bogus remedies myths and fake news about covid 19 can cost lives here s how some scientists are fighting back", "title_raw": "Coronavirus misinformation, and how scientists can help to fight it.", "abstract_raw": "Bogus remedies, myths and fake news about COVID-19 can cost lives. Here\u2019s how some scientists are fighting back. Bogus remedies, myths and fake news about COVID-19 can cost lives. Here\u2019s how some scientists are fighting back." }, { "paper": "3111869020", "venue": "90283396", "year": "2020", "title": "can political trust help to explain elite policy support and public behaviour in times of crisis evidence from the united kingdom at the height of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic", "label": [ "94625758", "2775987171" ], "author": [ "2805217291" ], "reference": [ "113663040", "1491443241", "1675037971", "1924579168", "1996602286", "1997156810", "2037496073", "2105358756", "2122578209", "2142175015", "2464778239", "2615745149", "2779206865", "2796805464", "2945086285", "2982424538", "3009155494", "3016342784", "3016902371", "3041660699", "3048675231", "3093411360" ], "abstract": "trust between representatives and citizens is regarded as central to effective governance in times of peace and uncertainty this article tests that assumption by engaging elite and mass perspectiv", "title_raw": "Can Political Trust Help to Explain Elite Policy Support and Public Behaviour in Times of Crisis? Evidence from the United Kingdom at the Height of the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic", "abstract_raw": "Trust between representatives and citizens is regarded as central to effective governance in times of peace and uncertainty. This article tests that assumption by engaging elite and mass perspectiv..." }, { "paper": "2787740748", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2020", "title": "voting rights and immigrant incorporation evidence from norway", "label": [ "48327123", "520049643", "2779838221", "94625758", "70036468" ], "author": [ "1993236028", "69160206", "2787420946" ], "reference": [ "57119780", "246369669", "563874544", "926542603", "1531424399", "1537287213", "1540958723", "1722905744", "1876768982", "1967443873", "1999820748", "2013923887", "2020463162", "2026607293", "2027480688", "2028833626", "2047661309", "2057647054", "2058060038", "2060231607", "2062961241", "2075237244", "2077015662", "2093368401", "2096419084", "2104177220", "2128542697", "2129260435", "2138499004", "2144236692", "2154688548", "2156179539", "2188015733", "2239129533", "2331152014", "2491712716", "2580076725", "2580169579", "3021199726" ], "abstract": "how do political rights influence immigrant integration this study demonstrates that the timing of voting rights extension plays a key role in fostering political incorporation in norway non citizens are eligible to vote in local elections after three years of residency drawing on individual level registry data and a regression discontinuity design the study leverages the exogenous timing of elections relative to the start of residency periods to identify the effect of early access to political institutions it finds that immigrants who received early access were more likely to participate in subsequent electoral contests with the strongest effects visible among immigrants from dictatorships and weak democracies it also observes evidence consistent with spillover effects for other aspects of political engagement these findings suggest that early access to voting rights influences subsequent trajectories of immigrant incorporation in particular among immigrants from less developed states who may otherwise face high integration barriers", "title_raw": "Voting Rights and Immigrant Incorporation: Evidence from Norway", "abstract_raw": "How do political rights influence immigrant integration? This study demonstrates that the timing of voting rights extension plays a key role in fostering political incorporation. In Norway, non-citizens are eligible to vote in local elections after three years of residency. Drawing on individual-level registry data and a regression discontinuity design, the study leverages the exogenous timing of elections relative to the start of residency periods to identify the effect of early access to political institutions. It finds that immigrants who received early access were more likely to participate in subsequent electoral contests, with the strongest effects visible among immigrants from dictatorships and weak democracies. It also observes evidence consistent with spillover effects for other aspects of political engagement. These findings suggest that early access to voting rights influences subsequent trajectories of immigrant incorporation, in particular among immigrants from less developed states who may otherwise face high integration barriers." }, { "paper": "3035051776", "venue": "67398210", "year": "2020", "title": "how candidate characteristics affect favorability in european parliament elections evidence from a conjoint experiment in finland", "label": [ "177324205", "2781440851", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2260935445", "2625381316", "1965738732" ], "reference": [ "211437167", "1491383755", "1954559646", "1962209509", "1966989238", "1999379879", "2013444035", "2028716538", "2029992894", "2037535796", "2046366954", "2052935657", "2078812239", "2082395018", "2084136611", "2100397822", "2100799546", "2101966716", "2111866110", "2114483954", "2115992286", "2119538207", "2134856702", "2135536757", "2136395982", "2137213994", "2142769993", "2161129512", "2166789068", "2252687155", "2314261489", "2319116162", "2320616603", "2322091888", "2335797610", "2511417309", "2553471011", "2590583519", "2624967922", "2745098867", "2889311308", "2921807758", "3122350971", "3124069454", "3124631269" ], "abstract": "previous literature has studied voter behavior in european parliament elections however it remains unclear how candidate characteristics affect favorability of ep candidates since it cannot be ta", "title_raw": "How candidate characteristics affect favorability in European Parliament elections: Evidence from a conjoint experiment in Finland", "abstract_raw": "Previous literature has studied voter behavior in European Parliament elections. However, it remains unclear how candidate characteristics affect favorability of EP candidates since it cannot be ta..." }, { "paper": "2995880099", "venue": "85457386", "year": "2020", "title": "the aggregation challenge", "label": [ "94625758", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "2116540548", "2796450429" ], "reference": [ "1506532709", "2120165710", "2122472737", "2127799276", "2147039585", "2324440273", "2559836499", "2590847890", "2795668280", "3097981474", "3122708045", "3124117404" ], "abstract": "abstract banerjee duflo and kremer have had an enormous impact on scholarship on the political economy of development but as rcts have become more central in this field political scientists have struggled to draw implications from proliferating micro level studies for longstanding macro level problems we describe these challenges and point to recent innovations to help address them", "title_raw": "The aggregation challenge", "abstract_raw": "Abstract Banerjee, Duflo, and Kremer have had an enormous impact on scholarship on the political economy of development. But as RCTs have become more central in this field, political scientists have struggled to draw implications from proliferating micro-level studies for longstanding macro-level problems. We describe these challenges and point to recent innovations to help address them." }, { "paper": "2942478274", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2020", "title": "democracy in america partisanship polarization and the robustness of support for democracy in the united states", "label": [ "2776967331", "158071213", "125505783", "555826173", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2891566919", "2053019860" ], "reference": [ "199238147", "381582087", "414482142", "659355943", "1482429917", "1565589301", "1967639824", "1977334365", "1984524168", "2001671006", "2010647209", "2023218010", "2053040449", "2066511003", "2083277050", "2086552921", "2096684396", "2099737847", "2103146267", "2117963689", "2134856702", "2145217798", "2160775836", "2163657079", "2167015548", "2168695899", "2243220957", "2264769561", "2329180535", "2467259613", "2478674739", "2556392098", "2564232949", "2584119262", "2745098867", "2783905533", "2784191913", "2790793818", "2797299262", "2800092761", "2898561536", "2898571176", "2899457501", "2904152473", "2948893001", "2949575272", "2962254002", "2976204130", "2985827668", "3083798598", "3123888363", "3124143643" ], "abstract": "is support for democracy in the united states robust enough to deter undemocratic behavior by elected politicians we develop a model of the public as a democratic check and evaluate it using two empirical strategies an original nationally representative candidate choice experiment in which some politicians take positions that violate key democratic principles and a natural experiment that occurred during montana s 2017 special election for the u s house our research design allows us to infer americans willingness to trade off democratic principles for other valid but potentially conflicting considerations such as political ideology partisan loyalty and policy preferences we find the u s public s viability as a democratic check to be strikingly limited only a small fraction of americans prioritize democratic principles in their electoral choices and their tendency to do so is decreasing in several measures of polarization including the strength of partisanship policy extremism and candidate platform divergence our findings echo classic arguments about the importance of political moderation and cross cutting cleavages for democratic stability and highlight the dangers that polarization represents for democracy", "title_raw": "Democracy in America? Partisanship, Polarization, and the Robustness of Support for Democracy in the United States", "abstract_raw": "Is support for democracy in the United States robust enough to deter undemocratic behavior by elected politicians? We develop a model of the public as a democratic check and evaluate it using two empirical strategies: an original, nationally representative candidate-choice experiment in which some politicians take positions that violate key democratic principles, and a natural experiment that occurred during Montana\u2019s 2017 special election for the U.S. House. Our research design allows us to infer Americans\u2019 willingness to trade-off democratic principles for other valid but potentially conflicting considerations such as political ideology, partisan loyalty, and policy preferences. We find the U.S. public\u2019s viability as a democratic check to be strikingly limited: only a small fraction of Americans prioritize democratic principles in their electoral choices, and their tendency to do so is decreasing in several measures of polarization, including the strength of partisanship, policy extremism, and candidate platform divergence. Our findings echo classic arguments about the importance of political moderation and cross-cutting cleavages for democratic stability and highlight the dangers that polarization represents for democracy." }, { "paper": "3027302282", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2020", "title": "nationalism authoritarianism and democracy historical lessons from south and southeast asia", "label": [ "68346564", "555826173", "521449643", "2777799818", "94625758", "2777862771", "137403100" ], "author": [ "2132208916", "2106732468" ], "reference": [ "40810392", "51774562", "270474471", "368968535", "601878088", "609895956", "613708061", "615925055", "635811161", "1482429917", "1515453773", "1528711039", "1571656640", "1574053740", "1574451155", "1966606849", "1972750723", "2003866609", "2004838156", "2007763953", "2008911983", "2010056175", "2020795838", "2034617014", "2045672904", "2050428832", "2058625935", "2060994635", "2068915755", "2070954565", "2084426493", "2085627795", "2089953173", "2090636301", "2090890415", "2097444529", "2106594414", "2113571993", "2113602784", "2121393013", "2124355802", "2133994318", "2149709847", "2155058526", "2158793604", "2165114087", "2185203478", "2185506670", "2227486714", "2278676344", "2493360864", "2560708651", "2572356840", "2578104458", "2753221422", "2792082603", "2792476378", "2967410561", "2989411337", "3014130515", "3123429204", "3123822913", "3150602976", "3191682518" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Nationalism, Authoritarianism, and Democracy: Historical Lessons from South and Southeast Asia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3012162182", "venue": "115434995", "year": "2020", "title": "democratic transition and consolidation in romania civic engagement and elites behavior after 1989", "label": [ "555826173", "17058734", "2776431611" ], "author": [ "3011107211" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "democratic transition and consolidation are important issues in an era in which even established democracies experience democratic backsliding freedom house has identified that between 2006 and 20", "title_raw": "Democratic Transition and Consolidation in Romania. Civic Engagement and Elites\u2019 Behavior After 1989", "abstract_raw": "Democratic transition and consolidation are important issues in an era in which even established democracies experience democratic backsliding. Freedom House has identified that between 2006 and 20..." }, { "paper": "3058662292", "venue": "91639875", "year": "2020", "title": "from shame to new name how naming and shaming creates pro government militias", "label": [ "148834064", "2781283010" ], "author": [ "3056345169" ], "reference": [ "149816874", "245881239", "383648797", "1191929453", "1499369246", "1500708800", "1601135641", "1868231082", "1989965366", "2000167492", "2004044918", "2007352806", "2010290136", "2011381076", "2014616134", "2014993976", "2043124776", "2046903821", "2048989510", "2051607145", "2058382513", "2067627137", "2069807251", "2079643502", "2082484556", "2083513139", "2094304338", "2095190202", "2104164810", "2109640569", "2115006316", "2115788769", "2120462564", "2123359946", "2142497724", "2143449742", "2150568847", "2155073004", "2157222085", "2167450106", "2184445822", "2192302952", "2316236506", "2416748203", "3122298797" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "From Shame to New Name: How Naming and Shaming Creates Pro-Government Militias", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2904710799", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2020", "title": "altmetrics of the open access institutional repositories a webometrics approach", "label": [ "68151297" ], "author": [ "2242952981" ], "reference": [ "229899568", "1491754772", "1531607676", "1731700882", "1965964177", "1970475629", "1971087125", "1974707072", "1974814264", "1979464183", "1986322041", "2012186183", "2022428934", "2031160476", "2038196424", "2048538744", "2094921812", "2133129817", "2151433419", "2164839937", "2173130871", "2261117743", "2488987723", "2528525856", "2610080780", "2912512198", "2963475133" ], "abstract": "self archiving in institutional repositories irs is playing a central role in the success of the open access initiatives deposited documents are more visible and probably they get more downloads and citations but making them freely available in a local repository is not enough social tools both public and academic targeting networking or silo oriented should be taken into account for reaching larger audiences and increase not only the scholarly but also the social impact the paper explores the presence of irs contents in 28 social tools academia bibsonomy citeulike crossref datadryad facebook figshare google github instagram linkedin pinterest reddit renren researchgate scribd slideshare tumblr twitter vimeo vkontakte weibo wikipedia all languages wikipedia english wikia wikimedia youtube and zenodo using a webometric approach we collected the link mentions of 2185 irs in the cited tools during july 2017 from google selected data centers the results show that most of the irs have no strong presence in the most specializes tools and even for the most popular services the figures are not high enough too a candidate explanation for the low number of altmetric mentions is the lack of strategy in promotion of irs contents and certain bad practices mostly regarding url naming", "title_raw": "Altmetrics of the Open Access Institutional Repositories: a webometrics approach", "abstract_raw": "Self-archiving in Institutional Repositories (IRs) is playing a central role in the success of the Open Access initiatives. Deposited documents are more visible and probably they get more downloads and citations, but making them freely available in a local repository is not enough. Social tools, both public and academic targeting, networking or silo oriented, should be taken into account for reaching larger audiences and increase not only the scholarly but also the social impact. The paper explores the presence of IRs contents in 28 social tools (Academia, Bibsonomy, CiteUlike, CrossRef, Datadryad, Facebook, Figshare, Google+, GitHub, Instagram, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Reddit, RenRen, ResearchGate, Scribd, SlideShare, Tumblr, Twitter, Vimeo, VKontakte, Weibo, Wikipedia All Languages, Wikipedia English, Wikia, Wikimedia, YouTube and Zenodo) using a webometric approach. We collected the link mentions of 2185 IRs in the cited tools during July 2017 from Google selected data centers. The results show that most of the IRs have no strong presence in the most specializes tools and even for the most popular services the figures are not high enough too. A candidate explanation for the low number of altmetric mentions is the lack of strategy in promotion of IRs contents and certain bad practices mostly regarding URL naming." }, { "paper": "2999817810", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2020", "title": "government call for science weirdos prompts caution from researchers", "label": [ "148834064", "3116431" ], "author": [ "2303451988" ], "reference": [ "1892018222", "2536132766", "2794778778", "3103967557" ], "abstract": "the uk prime minister s adviser dominic cummings wants scientific approaches to inform government but researchers worry his view is simplistic the uk prime minister s adviser dominic cummings wants scientific approaches to inform government but researchers worry his view is simplistic", "title_raw": "Government call for science 'weirdos' prompts caution from researchers.", "abstract_raw": "The UK prime minister\u2019s adviser Dominic Cummings wants scientific approaches to inform government \u2014 but researchers worry his view is simplistic. The UK prime minister\u2019s adviser Dominic Cummings wants scientific approaches to inform government \u2014 but researchers worry his view is simplistic." }, { "paper": "3116225681", "venue": "175405714", "year": "2020", "title": "politics and diplomacy lessons from donald tusk s time as president of the european council", "label": [ "557252395", "94625758" ], "author": [ "1991182572" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the 2020 covid pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to europe s economies societies and political institutions finding solutions for the immediate and longer term impact of the pandemic requires collaboration between the european union s eu member states and leadership from their governments at both national and european levels the president of the european council is central to this process as he leads and facilitates the collaboration between the heads of states and governments looking back at the lessons from donald tusk s time as president of the european council from 2014 to 2019 this article argues that tusk made an immensely important political contribution to the eu as he set the tone for a liberal and progressive agenda at a time of significant threat from populist and pro russian voices in europe however with the recent political and institutional developments in the eu and based on the insights from mr tusk s successes and challenges the article also argues that the role of the european council president today requires strong brokering skills and leadership behind the scenes more than an openly political and public figure", "title_raw": "Politics and Diplomacy: Lessons from Donald Tusk\u2019s Time as President of the European Council", "abstract_raw": "The 2020 COVID pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to Europe\u2019s economies, societies and political institutions Finding solutions for the immediate and longer-term impact of the pandemic requires collaboration between the European Union\u2019s (EU) member states and leadership from their governments at both national and European levels The President of the European Council is central to this process, as he leads and facilitates the collaboration between the heads of states and governments Looking back at the lessons from Donald Tusk\u2019s time as President of the European Council from 2014 to 2019, this article argues that Tusk made an immensely important political contribution to the EU as he set the tone for a liberal and progressive agenda at a time of significant threat from populist and pro-Russian voices in Europe However, with the recent political and institutional developments in the EU, and based on the insights from Mr Tusk\u2019s successes and challenges, the article also argues that the role of the European Council President today requires strong brokering skills and leadership behind the scenes more than an openly political and public figure" }, { "paper": "3096589468", "venue": "90314269", "year": "2020", "title": "how political parties shape public opinion in the real world", "label": [ "134698397", "94625758" ], "author": [ "219588887", "2784719785" ], "reference": [ "1483519177", "1618189145", "1814019333", "1925979558", "1970984308", "1980050413", "1998653759", "2004626679", "2009326842", "2012573713", "2053138213", "2056426645", "2073227160", "2102568441", "2112557327", "2114201007", "2119654925", "2120654655", "2131211340", "2136753600", "2139076143", "2144987729", "2150107521", "2153910101", "2154227054", "2165305867", "2170601905", "2211015945", "2244545434", "2293252518", "2314972133", "2318161843", "2750696507", "2768639233", "2793769902", "2892527597", "2896896157", "2901206377", "2904077095", "3121992489", "3124069454", "3124105495", "3125653830", "3174349278" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "How Political Parties Shape Public Opinion in the Real World", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3111232413", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2020", "title": "the who s chief scientist on a year of loss and learning", "label": [ "46578552", "39549134", "160735492", "2779891985" ], "author": [ "2698095831" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "the head of scientific work at the world health organization reflects on the agency s challenges and achievements as it navigates the covid pandemic the head of scientific work at the world health organization reflects on the agency s challenges and achievements as it navigates the covid pandemic", "title_raw": "The WHO\u2019s chief scientist on a year of loss and learning", "abstract_raw": "The head of scientific work at the World Health Organization reflects on the agency\u2019s challenges and achievements as it navigates the COVID pandemic. The head of scientific work at the World Health Organization reflects on the agency\u2019s challenges and achievements as it navigates the COVID pandemic." }, { "paper": "3042463258", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2020", "title": "a former navy disaster specialist wages war against covid 19 on u s mexico border", "label": [ "2776746162" ], "author": [ "2497323860" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A former Navy disaster specialist wages war against COVID-19 on U.S.-Mexico border", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3035994949", "venue": "22371039", "year": "2020", "title": "expanding without much ado international bureaucratic expansion tactics in the case of bioethics", "label": [ "205899878", "188084074", "51575053", "3116431" ], "author": [ "268439164" ], "reference": [ "103239660", "168611751", "1500580096", "1945342727", "1969166843", "1983117282", "2021418160", "2110978299", "2122450943", "2137493322", "2153190864", "2156897266", "2319461295", "2338674456", "2339814549", "2339846249", "2403002094", "2739708911", "2756038737", "2789634128", "2790553168", "2915190121", "2915482336" ], "abstract": "international bureaucracies can expand their activities into new domains even when these are remote from their formal mandates asking how they do this this article reveals that expansion often g", "title_raw": "Expanding without much ado. International bureaucratic expansion tactics in the case of bioethics", "abstract_raw": "International bureaucracies can expand their activities into new domains, even when these are remote from their formal mandates. Asking how they do this, this article reveals that expansion often g..." }, { "paper": "3008782207", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2020", "title": "mines communities and states the local politics of natural resource extraction in africa by jessica steinberg cambridge cambridge university press 2019 282p 99 99 cloth", "label": [ "94625758", "29985473" ], "author": [ "3008895021" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Mines, Communities, and States: The Local Politics of Natural Resource Extraction in Africa. By Jessica Steinberg. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. 282p. $99.99 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2972432402", "venue": "195680251", "year": "2020", "title": "energy governance and security in thailand and myanmar burma a critical approach to environmental politics in the south adam simpson copenhagen nias press 2017 pp 336", "label": [ "170659323" ], "author": [ "2972864005" ], "reference": [ "1595674172" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Energy, Governance and Security in Thailand and Myanmar (Burma): A Critical Approach to Environmental Politics in the South Adam Simpson, Copenhagen: NIAS Press, 2017, pp. 336.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3117360304", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2020", "title": "health and climate change mja lancet countdown report australia gets another failing grade in 2020 but shows signs of progress", "label": [ "2779473830" ], "author": [ "685562641", "2464945692", "2569311787", "3106346683" ], "reference": [ "2755123914", "2905509729", "2986220957", "3006745836", "3011783918", "3012279676", "3013095228", "3016965265", "3021171212", "3023633677", "3090793705", "3108238530", "3109306759", "3110437710", "3111216180" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Health and climate change MJA-Lancet Countdown report: Australia gets another failing grade in 2020 but shows signs of progress.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2975998345", "venue": "160686149", "year": "2020", "title": "political authority in international relations revisiting the medieval debate", "label": [ "34355311", "2779261617", "94625758", "199539241", "511693568", "186229450", "2778063847", "46295352", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2338502360" ], "reference": [ "5051188", "196578098", "198400843", "380977189", "419214859", "429086976", "585353460", "601415676", "602569384", "614107007", "617481154", "618943054", "643715927", "773993557", "784989609", "1168164241", "1488885464", "1505948259", "1506493513", "1526154646", "1533183487", "1551843745", "1584168954", "1584317255", "1590984258", "1597224179", "1791779862", "1967821153", "1971045646", "1982105367", "1997938006", "2008925015", "2015121525", "2018046161", "2024180004", "2029013934", "2034923645", "2052173637", "2058369050", "2062152586", "2062455096", "2063727342", "2076589619", "2078327650", "2079277063", "2088251276", "2099108480", "2120761846", "2120830793", "2122382132", "2125372326", "2126865726", "2128926753", "2135368092", "2142470178", "2145826626", "2146581050", "2151644671", "2160567976", "2164378271", "2172096418", "2183793449", "2227655110", "2251189172", "2274540789", "2332138998", "2411895909", "2484336610", "2487423973", "2488904552", "2490273105", "2503242679", "2504358465", "2504934627", "2604438236", "2605739178", "2752141123", "2798803103", "2801938469", "2802595412", "2809383002", "2833101327", "2953874174", "3122277650", "3173958869" ], "abstract": "in international relations accounts of medieval political authority are divided between those who see a heteronomous patchwork of overlapping authorities and those who claim that the era of the state started in the twelfth century how can we overcome this divide i argue that ir s current difficulties in grasping the nature of medieval political authority stem from shortcomings in how the notion of political authority itself has been conceptualized thus rather than starting from a substantive definition of political authority i focus on contestation over the categorization and authorization of rule that is on how authority is produced in historically specific ways as a result of contemporary contestation over what political authority is who is authorized and how rulers stand in relation to one another this reorientation allows us to appreciate how medieval political authority emerged from the competition between four sets of ordering categories iurisdictio potestas lord vassal and magistrate each one of these four categories understood authority rulers and the relation between rulers in different ways the problem with existing accounts of medieval authority is that they attempt to find the single ordering principle of medieval international relations in doing so they not only fail to capture the features of the time but also reinforce a particular approach to political authority that is unhelpful for understanding medieval and modern politics alike", "title_raw": "Political Authority in International Relations: Revisiting the Medieval Debate", "abstract_raw": "In international relations, accounts of medieval political authority are divided between those who see a heteronomous patchwork of overlapping authorities and those who claim that the era of the state started in the twelfth century. How can we overcome this divide? I argue that IR's current difficulties in grasping the nature of medieval political authority stem from shortcomings in how the notion of political authority itself has been conceptualized. Thus, rather than starting from a substantive definition of political authority, I focus on contestation over the categorization and authorization of rule, that is, on how authority is produced in historically specific ways as a result of contemporary contestation over what political authority is, who is authorized, and how rulers stand in relation to one another. This reorientation allows us to appreciate how medieval political authority emerged from the competition between four sets of ordering categories: iurisdictio, potestas, lord/vassal, and magistrate. Each one of these four categories understood authority, rulers, and the relation between rulers in different ways. The problem with existing accounts of medieval authority is that they attempt to find the single ordering principle of medieval international relations. In doing so, they not only fail to capture the features of the time but also reinforce a particular approach to political authority that is unhelpful for understanding medieval and modern politics alike." }, { "paper": "3048625098", "venue": "975761300", "year": "2020", "title": "a symposium on power discrimination and identity introduction and commentary", "label": [ "2776051254" ], "author": [ "3200261503", "2134547284" ], "reference": [ "573302891", "649523285", "1822476863", "2068418685", "2119991208", "2169796878", "2498347739", "2547383221", "2795866679", "2911640673", "2947259324", "2969925402", "3048366505", "3048515391", "3048538971", "3048716762", "3048724362", "3049074181" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Symposium on Power, Discrimination, and Identity: Introduction and Commentary", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3097350846", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2020", "title": "maxim trudolyubov 2018 the tragedy of property private life ownership and the russian state cambridge polity press", "label": [ "2776398702", "2775955634", "2779707719" ], "author": [ "3095232058" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Maxim Trudolyubov 2018: The Tragedy of Property: Private Life, Ownership and the Russian State. Cambridge: Polity Press", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3043054436", "venue": "151119180", "year": "2020", "title": "south korea s democratic decay", "label": [ "555826173", "124717273", "148834064", "2776051254", "2775987171", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2398060425" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "south korea hereafter korea is following global trends as it slides toward a democratic depression both the spirit of democracy and actual liberal democratic standards are under attack the symptoms of democratic decline are increasingly hard to miss and they are appearing in many corners of korean society the hallmarks of zero sum politics in which opponents are demonized democratic norms are eroded and political life grows ever more polarized unlike in countries where far right elements play on populist sentiments in korea these aggressive and illiberal measures are the work of a leftist government disturbingly the key figures in korea s democratic backsliding are former prodemocracy activists who have now risen to become a new power elite", "title_raw": "South Korea's Democratic Decay", "abstract_raw": "South Korea (hereafter Korea) is following global trends as it slides toward a \"democratic depression \" Both the spirit of democracy and actual liberal-democratic standards are under attack The symptoms of democratic decline are increasingly hard to miss, and they are appearing in many corners of Korean society, the hallmarks of zero-sum politics in which opponents are demonized, democratic norms are eroded, and political life grows ever more polarized Unlike in countries where far-right elements play on populist sentiments, in Korea these aggressive and illiberal measures are the work of a leftist government Disturbingly, the key figures in Korea's democratic backsliding are former prodemocracy activists who have now risen to become a new power elite" }, { "paper": "3042778060", "venue": "80058157", "year": "2020", "title": "les combattants ideologies of exile return and nationalism in the drc", "label": [ "555826173", "521449643", "2778611045", "158071213", "94625758" ], "author": [ "3042666311", "2463517135" ], "reference": [ "145709865", "321488916", "358043657", "576753507", "604375710", "631755033", "1541515907", "1546694634", "1606984349", "1824496814", "1879353919", "1986526974", "2044002870", "2070704482", "2087398936", "2090636301", "2113398473", "2119975169", "2121393013", "2123735144", "2147692465", "2292411956", "2611093913", "2807651162", "2883413242", "3004955803" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Les Combattants\u2014ideologies of exile, return and nationalism in the DRC", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3097013652", "venue": "107737141", "year": "2020", "title": "after all this time the impact of media and authoritarian history on political news coverage in twelve western countries", "label": [ "68346564", "94625758" ], "author": [ "3092629045", "1920553509", "1988624856", "1967064584" ], "reference": [ "40757062", "137128685", "192683435", "295447542", "562368089", "636938929", "1512096531", "1572393105", "1575394951", "1986918346", "1990094567", "2003574377", "2040388315", "2070075534", "2084060615", "2084819986", "2088969069", "2091237664", "2094727754", "2096536593", "2101664893", "2105812985", "2110081657", "2122360195", "2137231973", "2148133639", "2152979547", "2154370119", "2155378641", "2157151897", "2159532703", "2181339109", "2273564981", "2301351057", "2318843948", "2598806254", "2761446340", "2801776818", "2885938462", "2958822690" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "After All This Time? The Impact of Media and Authoritarian History on Political News Coverage in Twelve Western Countries", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3080438450", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2020", "title": "economic opportunities emigration and exit prisoners", "label": [ "104151175" ], "author": [ "3080304535", "2764125512" ], "reference": [ "110429153", "296931085", "573824685", "623064080", "624290042", "632035361", "648968271", "655599838", "1486475721", "1487164662", "1537245944", "1559298286", "1586450428", "1781347434", "1993330971", "2006557590", "2006558352", "2033227033", "2043975160", "2047060383", "2053207976", "2055537841", "2083212620", "2089314759", "2103451908", "2104529698", "2109743650", "2124516545", "2127199945", "2128165990", "2128249713", "2128433189", "2139959576", "2140512343", "2144479639", "2145092291", "2145488574", "2148622289", "2155615286", "2160359699", "2166130970", "2170756761", "2310436740", "2322691101", "2331675814", "2522292917", "2604221090", "2786018478", "2791364901", "2801320351", "2886570553", "2972357390", "2988702199", "3122122189", "3123821430", "3124327562", "3124618970", "3125233458", "3192625118" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Economic Opportunities, Emigration and Exit Prisoners", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2978695527", "venue": "105556297", "year": "2020", "title": "addressing violence against women the effect of women s police stations on police legitimacy", "label": [ "134698397" ], "author": [ "2115437484", "2979159358" ], "reference": [ "1668227105", "1715314413", "1833020676", "1906899888", "1924872189", "1966754005", "1980849054", "1982828614", "1994217034", "1999625018", "2008992734", "2017378833", "2024928466", "2042436776", "2068895077", "2078910482", "2111770475", "2114001415", "2120130938", "2120642937", "2136441634", "2137736054", "2143233408", "2150885974", "2158056247", "2160792419", "2165282532", "2280306999", "2299477650", "2368733755", "2495851889", "2518652905", "2559867631", "2578894115", "2597724185", "2893278434", "3123990736" ], "abstract": "with a focus on the implementation of women s police stations wps we posit that local policies that address violence against women can result in positive feedback effects on institutional legiti", "title_raw": "Addressing Violence Against Women: The Effect of Women\u2019s Police Stations on Police Legitimacy:", "abstract_raw": "With a focus on the implementation of women\u2019s police stations (WPS), we posit that local policies that address violence against women can result in positive feedback effects on institutional legiti..." }, { "paper": "2346538999", "venue": "45992627", "year": "2020", "title": "undoing gender with institutions lessons from the german division and reunification", "label": [ "125559964", "201717286" ], "author": [ "2693895555", "2551857393", "191076788" ], "reference": [ "1492868993", "1495981657", "1543029797", "1572289145", "1577001291", "1599656298", "1898993105", "1921588939", "1956488579", "1966832356", "1991757427", "1992232430", "1996092610", "2003180862", "2010836860", "2017809091", "2018746390", "2020616773", "2036965550", "2076490717", "2077549953", "2081301995", "2081883533", "2084506430", "2100836511", "2101738352", "2113845800", "2115052426", "2121005211", "2129401100", "2140313694", "2145515508", "2153242999", "2160434973", "2161186418", "2314623218", "2471264928", "2578392524", "2591654989", "2801524361", "2805004721", "2885785138", "3121851761", "3122022476", "3122933071", "3123015728", "3123306174", "3124578771", "3124859767", "3124990081", "3126056200" ], "abstract": "social scientists have provided empirical evidence that gender trumps money meaning that gender norms can be more powerful than economic rationality in shaping daily arrangements between spouses in particular when they deviate from the male breadwinner norm women react by doing gender i e overplaying their feminine role by increasing the number of housework hours that they accomplish the risk of divorce also increases when a woman earns more than her husband this paper shows that however powerful these norms are cultural and can be trumped by institutions we use the 41 year division of germany as a natural experiment and look at differences between east and west lander in terms of gender behavior after the german reunification as most countries of the socialist bloc the former gdr had designed institutions that were much more gender equalizing than their counterpart in the former frg we show that these institutions have created a culture that keeps inuencing behavior up to the current period in particular east germany differs from west germany in the sense that a woman can earn more than her husband without doing gender and without putting her marriage at risk", "title_raw": "Undoing Gender with Institutions. Lessons from the German Division and Reunification", "abstract_raw": "Social scientists have provided empirical evidence that \"gender trumps money\", meaning that gender norms can be more powerful than economic rationality in shaping daily arrangements between spouses. In particular, when they deviate from the \"male breadwinner\" norm, women react by \"doing gender\", i.e. overplaying their feminine role by increasing the number of housework hours that they accomplish. The risk of divorce also increases when a woman earns more than her husband. This paper shows that, however powerful, these norms are cultural and can be trumped by institutions. We use the 41-year division of Germany as a natural experiment and look at differences between East and West Lander in terms of gender behavior after the German reunification. As most countries of the socialist bloc, the former GDR had designed institutions that were much more gender equalizing than their counterpart in the former FRG. We show that these institutions have created a culture that keeps inuencing behavior up to the current period.\r\nIn particular, East Germany differs from West Germany in the sense that a woman can earn more than her husband without \"doing gender\" and without putting her marriage at risk." }, { "paper": "2999253447", "venue": "137773608", "year": "2020", "title": "chinese academics who work abroad are slower to win major honour", "label": [ "2780110125", "2778061430" ], "author": [ "3000431625" ], "reference": [ "2915199466" ], "abstract": "local networks help researchers obtain a prestigious changjiang scholarship faster local networks help researchers obtain a prestigious changjiang scholarship faster", "title_raw": "Chinese academics who work abroad are slower to win major honour.", "abstract_raw": "Local networks help researchers obtain a prestigious Changjiang scholarship faster. Local networks help researchers obtain a prestigious Changjiang scholarship faster." }, { "paper": "3012317091", "venue": "131264395", "year": "2020", "title": "democratising food the case for a deliberative approach", "label": [ "2776946740", "2778709541", "139621336", "2781093426" ], "author": [ "2921818846", "2189656148", "280353313" ], "reference": [ "435401431", "764290220", "1482982013", "1503618369", "1512597729", "1516523724", "1528149821", "1541377132", "1545096067", "1545817196", "1810392459", "1917641366", "1968704708", "1972605948", "1986054206", "1989203781", "1990794846", "2023477116", "2033133948", "2061958344", "2079237781", "2091149637", "2091948557", "2095708756", "2096809749", "2109414506", "2129536898", "2133179950", "2133271952", "2135691217", "2137885552", "2146449178", "2162411600", "2168224793", "2303082224", "2307667127", "2316424545", "2331068560", "2460088707", "2514063608", "2525779955", "2615748796", "2624543586", "2626764084", "2739435702", "2771637005", "2796294677", "2798992836", "2807094506", "2889189931", "2894695811", "2896607569", "2903266486", "2910445318", "2922295651", "2978351338", "3193108366", "3204212546" ], "abstract": "prevailing political and ethical approaches that have been used to both critique and propose alternatives to the existing food system are lacking although food security food sovereignty food justice and food democracy all offer something important to our reflection on the global food system none is adequate as an alternative to the status quo this article analyses each in order to identify the prerequisites for such an alternative approach to food governance these include a focus on goods like nutrition and health equitable distribution supporting livelihoods environmental sustainability and social justice however other goods like the interests of non human animals are not presently represented moreover incorporating all of these goods is incredibly demanding and some are in tension this raises the question of how each can be appropriately accommodated and balanced the article proposes that this ought to be done through deliberative democratic processes that incorporate the interests of all relevant parties at the local national regional and global levels in other words the article calls for a deliberative approach to the democratisation of food it also proposes that one promising potential for incorporating the interests of all affected parties and addressing power imbalances lies in organising the scope and remit of deliberation around food type", "title_raw": "Democratising food: The case for a deliberative approach", "abstract_raw": "Prevailing political and ethical approaches that have been used to both critique and propose alternatives to the existing food system are lacking. Although food security, food sovereignty, food justice, and food democracy all offer something important to our reflection on the global food system, none is adequate as an alternative to the status quo. This article analyses each in order to identify the prerequisites for such an alternative approach to food governance. These include a focus on goods like nutrition and health, equitable distribution, supporting livelihoods, environmental sustainability, and social justice. However, other goods, like the interests of non-human animals, are not presently represented. Moreover, incorporating all of these goods is incredibly demanding, and some are in tension. This raises the question of how each can be appropriately accommodated and balanced. The article proposes that this ought to be done through deliberative democratic processes that incorporate the interests of all relevant parties at the local, national, regional, and global levels. In other words, the article calls for a deliberative approach to the democratisation of food. It also proposes that one promising potential for incorporating the interests of all affected parties and addressing power imbalances lies in organising the scope and remit of deliberation around food type." }, { "paper": "3011122800", "venue": "176007004", "year": "2020", "title": "accountability for the local economy at all levels of government in united states elections", "label": [ "520049643", "2776007630", "2776398702", "197487636", "148834064", "2776359362" ], "author": [ "2729540881", "2714734014" ], "reference": [ "230536232", "614917022", "637080412", "1492138706", "1543247094", "1599444253", "1627634409", "1911745706", "1964790476", "1968705135", "1976631032", "1979071177", "1981357072", "1981457167", "1996226230", "1997148446", "2002492214", "2004185949", "2005143413", "2005915494", "2013511205", "2019965095", "2020694618", "2026983239", "2034333955", "2041434958", "2048303157", "2066025849", "2067821442", "2074590296", "2097908050", "2098309572", "2098989675", "2099304543", "2101843972", "2105474918", "2107179388", "2109719716", "2114166011", "2115074743", "2116390560", "2130924472", "2133793072", "2134246329", "2135363208", "2137525406", "2143006433", "2144258908", "2146674762", "2149323001", "2149414305", "2150796138", "2153905562", "2156774085", "2158908829", "2161788312", "2170291011", "2170949502", "2173132378", "2187448801", "2265391119", "2315125480", "2318835776", "2321659091", "2396249281", "2472707757", "2481867394", "2510274539", "2511012155", "2558360341", "2587019129", "2610087362", "2738012718", "2743445978", "2743821217", "2751587876", "2766534030", "2782799656", "2792166415", "2793769902", "2887857005", "2893406222", "2900336955", "2914353828", "2916240972", "2919385521", "2975155296", "2987326935", "3092964252", "3121958823", "3122585642", "3122612202", "3124708874", "3132928681", "3144040573" ], "abstract": "retrospective voting is a crucial component of democratic accountability a large literature on retrospective voting in the united states finds that the president s party is rewarded in presidential elections for strong economic performance and punished for weak performance by contrast there is no clear consensus about whether politicians are held accountable for the local economy at other levels of government nor how voters react to the economy in a complex system of multilevel responsibility in this study we use administrative data on county level economic conditions from 1969 to 2018 and election results across multiple levels of government to examine the effect of the local economy on elections for local state and federal offices in the united states we find that the president s party is held accountable for economic performance across nearly all levels of government we also find that incumbents are held accountable for the economy in u s house and gubernatorial elections our findings have broad implications for literatures on representation accountability and elections", "title_raw": "Accountability for the Local Economy at All Levels of Government in United States Elections", "abstract_raw": "Retrospective voting is a crucial component of democratic accountability. A large literature on retrospective voting in the United States finds that the president\u2019s party is rewarded in presidential elections for strong economic performance and punished for weak performance. By contrast, there is no clear consensus about whether politicians are held accountable for the local economy at other levels of government, nor how voters react to the economy in a complex system of multilevel responsibility. In this study, we use administrative data on county-level economic conditions from 1969 to 2018 and election results across multiple levels of government to examine the effect of the local economy on elections for local, state, and federal offices in the United States. We find that the president\u2019s party is held accountable for economic performance across nearly all levels of government. We also find that incumbents are held accountable for the economy in U.S. House and gubernatorial elections. Our findings have broad implications for literatures on representation, accountability, and elections." }, { "paper": "3016731415", "venue": "3880285", "year": "2020", "title": "crushing coronavirus means breaking the habits of a lifetime behavior scientists have some tips", "label": [ "39549134" ], "author": [ "2314404025" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "with no vaccine or medication to cope with the novel coronavirus people around the world have sought or been ordered to seek protection by changing the way they act in ways large and small from their washing hands more frequently to avoiding almost all physical contact now government and industry leaders are turning to behavioral scientists for advice on how to persuade their citizens and workers to abide by such dramatic changes to beat the pandemic we need a more rapid change of behavior than i can think of in recent human history says robb willer a sociologist at stanford university he recently helped recruit more than 40 top behavioral scientists to summarize their field s research on how to steer people into certain actions and how it might aid the response to the pandemic", "title_raw": "Crushing coronavirus means \u2018breaking the habits of a lifetime.\u2019 Behavior scientists have some tips", "abstract_raw": "With no vaccine or medication to cope with the novel coronavirus, people around the world have sought\u2014or been ordered to seek\u2014protection by changing the way they act in ways large and small, from their washing hands more frequently to avoiding almost all physical contact Now, government and industry leaders are turning to behavioral scientists for advice on how to persuade their citizens and workers to abide by such dramatic changes To beat the pandemic, we need \u201ca more rapid change of behavior than I can think of in recent human history,\u201d says Robb Willer, a sociologist at Stanford University He recently helped recruit more than 40 top behavioral scientists to summarize their field\u2019s research on how to steer people into certain actions and how it might aid the response to the pandemic" }, { "paper": "3047952890", "venue": "118082279", "year": "2020", "title": "the creative night time leisure economy of informal drinking venues", "label": [ "2780154990", "512170562", "2780668109", "199776023" ], "author": [ "3048060344", "3047728084" ], "reference": [ "131387418", "1547373001", "1552500296", "1801667082", "1845057100", "1911766354", "1964700062", "1965960373", "1970763912", "1971644581", "1985256492", "2008997818", "2033815221", "2034008632", "2067425548", "2078542270", "2079245394", "2086799614", "2091284140", "2091931494", "2103856943", "2108020885", "2115519747", "2126350032", "2127142633", "2139688795", "2140181866", "2143565257", "2166292226", "2221895620", "2254374264", "2335076950" ], "abstract": "abstract in response to debates on emergent and rogue forms of urbanism that are reshaping the african city this article examines the night time leisure economy as one particular social context in which the tensions and opposition between regulation deregulation and informality play out this article shows how ideas that centre on northern entertainment spaces and drinking venues bound with policy initiatives to reposition the city have come to inform policy initiatives to regulate working class public spaces in south african cities with the objective of controlling unruliness through a case study of informal and illegal drinking venues in sweet home farm a slum settlement in cape town we provide an insight into the ways in which people seek to reclaim social space and impose their own vision of the creative city the article demonstrates that while illegal drinking venues can be imagined as unruly unpredictable surprising and confounding they are characterized by a responsive agility to the social cultural and physical environment we argue that the capacity and tenacity of informal drinking venues to adapt to regulatory pressures present a range of possibilities for reimaging the night time leisure economy in ways that are inclusive of the poor and conducive to negotiation", "title_raw": "The Creative Night\u2010Time Leisure Economy of Informal Drinking Venues", "abstract_raw": "Abstract In response to debates on emergent and rogue forms of urbanism that are reshaping the African city, this article examines the night-time leisure economy as one particular social context in which the tensions and opposition between regulation/deregulation and informality play out. This article shows how ideas that centre on Northern entertainment spaces and drinking venues (bound with policy initiatives to reposition the city) have come to inform policy initiatives to regulate working-class public spaces in South African cities with the objective of controlling unruliness. Through a case study of informal and illegal drinking venues in Sweet Home Farm, a slum settlement in Cape Town, we provide an insight into the ways in which people seek to reclaim social space and impose their own vision of the creative city. The article demonstrates that while illegal drinking venues can be imagined as ?unruly, unpredictable, surprising [and] confounding?, they are characterized by a responsive agility to the social, cultural and physical environment. We argue that the capacity and tenacity of informal drinking venues to adapt to regulatory pressures present a range of possibilities for reimaging the night-time leisure economy in ways that are inclusive of the poor and conducive to negotiation." }, { "paper": "3008110690", "venue": "173657377", "year": "2020", "title": "dynasties and democracy the inherited incumbency advantage in japan by daniel m smith stanford ca stanford university press 2018 384p 65 00 cloth", "label": [ "555826173" ], "author": [ "3008771233" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Dynasties and Democracy: The Inherited Incumbency Advantage in Japan. By Daniel M. Smith. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2018. 384p. $65.00 cloth.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3109815678", "venue": "150314616", "year": "2020", "title": "a gender equalizing regulatory welfare state enacting the eu s work life balance directive in denmark and poland", "label": [ "129603779" ], "author": [ "2260110059", "2135557291", "49560127" ], "reference": [ "188555833", "1501250910", "1764580663", "1907654032", "1978726826", "1984350077", "2010327336", "2109431590", "2126406801", "2126546047", "2139004444", "2158144624", "2783419322", "2898216890", "3049444115", "3107507356", "3122305064" ], "abstract": "this article examines the implementation of the european union s eu work life balance directive in denmark and poland through examining the earmarking of paid parental leave this enables us to a", "title_raw": "A Gender Equalizing Regulatory Welfare State? Enacting the EU\u2019s Work-Life Balance Directive in Denmark and Poland:", "abstract_raw": "This article examines the implementation of the European Union\u2019s (EU) work-life balance directive in Denmark and Poland through examining the earmarking of paid parental leave. This enables us to a..." }, { "paper": "3022816793", "venue": "20010350", "year": "2020", "title": "book review peace and power in cold war britain media movements and democracy c 1945 68 by christopher r hill", "label": [ "555826173", "2776051254" ], "author": [ "2099832668" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Book Review: Peace and Power in Cold War Britain: Media, Movements and Democracy, c. 1945-68 by Christopher R. Hill:", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3008771601", "venue": "76877748", "year": "2020", "title": "fritz sager christian rosser celine mavrot and pascal y hurni a transatlantic history of public administration analyzing the usa germany and france cheltenham edward elgar publishing limited 2018 224 pp 108 hardcover isbn 9780198744139", "label": [ "151719136" ], "author": [ "2785604482" ], "reference": [ "2101520275", "2133036554", "2473586833" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Fritz Sager, Christian Rosser, C\u00e9line Mavrot, and Pascal Y. Hurni, A Transatlantic History of Public Administration: Analyzing the USA, Germany, and France (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2018). 224 pp. $108 (hardcover), ISBN: 9780198744139", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3010047655", "venue": "79519963", "year": "2020", "title": "the lands in between russia vs the west and the new politics of hybrid war", "label": [ "94625758" ], "author": [ "2100368123" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The lands in between: Russia vs. the West and the new politics of hybrid war", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3007371901", "venue": "22496335", "year": "2020", "title": "the return of sophisticated maritime piracy to southeast asia", "label": [ "203133693" ], "author": [ "2000190172" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Return of Sophisticated Maritime Piracy to Southeast Asia", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2901327336", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2020", "title": "why does polycentric governance work for some project sites and not others explaining the sustainability of tramline projects in the philippines", "label": [ "2777932401" ], "author": [ "2153158360", "2901874832" ], "reference": [ "1501190759", "1509883501", "1881259976", "1913319069", "1915411235", "1968223252", "1987946615", "1993483985", "1994062728", "2005891385", "2007990503", "2032897218", "2045165743", "2055617636", "2059196034", "2060702958", "2108176491", "2125342289", "2135204416", "2146826537", "2151082341", "2292051799", "2503699062", "2561803643", "2592189585", "2595393673", "2745243245", "2771759791", "2795015945", "3122021690", "3123822217" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Why Does Polycentric Governance Work for Some Project Sites and Not Others? Explaining the Sustainability of Tramline Projects in the Philippines", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3033293139", "venue": "108349823", "year": "2020", "title": "the effect of the metoo movement on political engagement and ambition in 2018", "label": [ "2778203169", "2778976716" ], "author": [ "2610856872", "2138382072", "208638776", "2020637641", "2123723670" ], "reference": [ "847927917", "1800722477", "1972081569", "1979034069", "1993088600", "2009466128", "2021992121", "2036002592", "2044740602", "2089176229", "2103146267", "2109256496", "2132041136", "2136621417", "2145461824", "2162500377", "2165909483", "2166155258", "2166184167", "2302938491", "2345292895", "2549901405", "2580688338", "2794516159", "2798262146", "2802500019", "2904152473", "2980399968", "3111193266" ], "abstract": "conventional wisdom holds that the metoo movement increased awareness of sexual harassment and drove sympathizers particularly women to increased participation in the 2018 midterm elections in", "title_raw": "The Effect of the #MeToo Movement on Political Engagement and Ambition in 2018:", "abstract_raw": "Conventional wisdom holds that the #MeToo movement increased awareness of sexual harassment and drove sympathizers, particularly women, to increased participation in the 2018 midterm elections. In ..." }, { "paper": "3047997050", "venue": "38600022", "year": "2020", "title": "review of when misfortune becomes injustice evolving human rights struggles for health and social equality by alicia ely yamin", "label": [ "2777266375", "25287524", "169437150" ], "author": [ "3048068274" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Review of When Misfortune Becomes Injustice: Evolving Human Rights Struggles for Health and Social Equality by Alicia Ely Yamin", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3009927419", "venue": "76633192", "year": "2020", "title": "problems of fact method theory and concepts in tsoukas 2018", "label": [ "2776876785", "2776154427", "199539241", "119232533", "70036468" ], "author": [ "289646546" ], "reference": [ "160188208", "316669991", "614174293", "1516509142", "1520515063", "2046030036", "2046348654", "2062223358", "2062508548", "2161336032", "2586843331", "2799796166", "2883738467", "2889093492", "2904688418", "2950420169", "2951607398", "2951628617", "2952482513", "2952728745", "2984034200", "3165667613" ], "abstract": "on january 27 2017 u s president donald j trump issued executive order 13769 on immigration and travel eo 13769 which restricted entry into the u s of the citizens of seven primarily muslim countries many academics reacted with outrage including me and other members of the academy of management aom of which i was president at the time some scholarly associations condemned eo 13769 as immoral but the aom did not immediately issue such a condemnation because the aom s constitution included a policy of no political stands npsp and a principle that nobody including the aom president could represent personal views as those of the organization within a few weeks the aom constitution was changed and in october 2017 the aom joined other associations in issuing a condemnation an article was published in this journal on this situation tsoukas in j bus ethics https doi org 10 1007 s10551 018 3979 y 2018 that was subsequently amended through a published correction tsoukas in j bus ethics https doi org 10 1007 s10551 019 04194 9 2019 but the correction only partially addressed the problems in the original the main contribution of this commentary is to take up the invitation in tsoukas 2018 to examine the case for insights on theoretical and conceptual questions raised in the literature on prototypicality and moral imagination it also briefly outlines the most significant omitted errors of fact in tsoukas 2018 that were not corrected in tsoukas 2019 and describes the most important methodological problems in tsoukas 2018 the conclusion suggests that the complex nuanced and evolving interactions that unfolded at the aom are not fully addressed theoretically or conceptually in this literature", "title_raw": "Problems of Fact, Method, Theory, and Concepts in Tsoukas (2018)", "abstract_raw": "On January, 27, 2017, U.S. President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 13769 on immigration and travel (EO 13769), which restricted entry into the U.S. of the citizens of seven primarily Muslim countries. Many academics reacted with outrage, including me and other members of the Academy of Management (AOM), of which I was President at the time. Some scholarly associations condemned EO 13769 as immoral, but the AOM did not immediately issue such a condemnation because the AOM\u2019s Constitution included a policy of no-political-stands (NPSP) and a principle that nobody, including the AOM President, could represent personal views as those of the organization. Within a few weeks, the AOM Constitution was changed, and in October, 2017, the AOM joined other associations in issuing a condemnation. An article was published in this journal on this situation (Tsoukas in J Bus Ethics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3979-y, 2018) that was subsequently amended through a published Correction (Tsoukas in J Bus Ethics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04194-9, 2019), but the Correction only partially addressed the problems in the original. The main contribution of this commentary is to take up the invitation in Tsoukas (2018) to examine the case for insights on theoretical and conceptual questions raised in the literature on prototypicality and moral imagination. It also briefly outlines the most significant omitted errors of fact in Tsoukas (2018) that were not corrected in Tsoukas (2019), and describes the most important methodological problems in Tsoukas (2018). The conclusion suggests that the complex, nuanced, and evolving interactions that unfolded at the AOM are not fully addressed theoretically or conceptually in this literature." }, { "paper": "3109875729", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2020", "title": "the effects of china s development projects on political accountability", "label": [ "158886217", "191935318", "2776007630", "29985473", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2972394278", "2115864315", "2972425067" ], "reference": [ "16762874", "381582087", "419995159", "1513859877", "1566329825", "1567972044", "1583638506", "1591425318", "1777166387", "1822758621", "1921926153", "1967996845", "1974300616", "1976571084", "1986780829", "2000028026", "2013473661", "2016994812", "2028460001", "2033629004", "2041887672", "2046861294", "2048342440", "2049761066", "2066408070", "2067424302", "2073099922", "2074176926", "2078086652", "2081908668", "2083277050", "2084089330", "2089003389", "2093748330", "2095609712", "2109960526", "2113759176", "2114830260", "2115752478", "2121994437", "2122894488", "2133200574", "2134246329", "2137145621", "2139191274", "2139649522", "2147657542", "2150724958", "2157253914", "2160251138", "2171547851", "2172160015", "2184091835", "2210023166", "2243220957", "2254833436", "2264769561", "2286822964", "2296297756", "2325744540", "2466679906", "2575891446", "2583439998", "2590864841", "2599844840", "2623365690", "2626378729", "2763067939", "2766454016", "2766457643", "2767353820", "2767673141", "2767985767", "2808761502", "2898960631", "2899341773", "2919826889", "2941815943", "2956462202", "3121705696", "3123549386", "3123962350", "3123992224", "3124654337", "3125486078", "3125670285", "3125859806" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "The Effects of China's Development Projects on Political Accountability", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "2757291561", "venue": "119514724", "year": "2020", "title": "moral panics and punctuated equilibrium in public policy an analysis of the criminal justice policy agenda in britain", "label": [ "151884938", "2780765026", "1816448", "109986646" ], "author": [ "2167894569", "1261423799", "2174028661", "2167630144" ], "reference": [ "199540828", "289784389", "602042294", "745331798", "923431209", "1488184033", "1490911659", "1550684617", "1666029112", "1791768282", "1839346255", "1979128884", "1980061883", "2013962379", "2023000349", "2071333405", "2097580026", "2105117703", "2115425330", "2117912394", "2121294544", "2136796718", "2154766867", "2154943020", "2169495003", "2288900411", "2324588026", "2339882897", "2341236990", "2415954525", "2484572198", "2489277439", "2798623288", "3045440917", "3123454414", "3125568852", "3183286719" ], "abstract": "how and when issues are elevated onto the political agenda is a perennial question for the study of public policy this paper considers how moral panics contribute to punctuated equilibrium in public policy whereby a specific event contributes to or reinforces change in the dominant set of issue frames on an issue by encapsulating broader societal anxieties or fears creating opportunities for policy entrepreneurs to disrupt the existing policy monopoly in a test of this theory we assess the factors behind the rise of crime on the policy agenda in britain between 1960 and 2010 we adopt an integrative mixed methods approach drawing upon a combination of qualitative and quantitative data this enables us to analyse the rise of crime as a policy problem the breakdown of the political institutional consensus on crime the moral panic that followed the murder of the toddler james bulger in 1993 the emergence of new issue frames around crime and social moral decay more broadly and how in combination these contributed to escalation of political rhetoric and action on crime led by policy entrepreneurs in the labour and conservative parties", "title_raw": "Moral panics and punctuated equilibrium in public policy: an analysis of the criminal justice policy agenda in Britain", "abstract_raw": "How and when issues are elevated onto the political agenda is a perennial question for the study of public policy. This paper considers how moral panics contribute to punctuated equilibrium in public policy; whereby a specific event contributes to, or reinforces, change in the dominant set of issue frames on an issue \u2013 by encapsulating broader societal anxieties or fears \u2013 creating opportunities for policy entrepreneurs to disrupt the existing policy monopoly. In a test of this theory, we assess the factors behind the rise of crime on the policy agenda in Britain between 1960 and 2010. We adopt an integrative mixed methods approach, drawing upon a combination of qualitative and quantitative data. This enables us to analyse the rise of crime as a policy problem, the breakdown of the political-institutional consensus on crime, the moral panic that followed the murder of the toddler James Bulger in 1993, the emergence of new issue frames around crime and social/moral decay more broadly, and how \u2013 in combination \u2013 these contributed to escalation of political rhetoric and action on crime, led by policy entrepreneurs in the Labour and Conservative parties." }, { "paper": "2976675933", "venue": "155556485", "year": "2020", "title": "explaining state preemption of local laws political institutional and demographic factors", "label": [ "94625758", "2776398702" ], "author": [ "2165434858", "1417901765" ], "reference": [ "235502332", "249677636", "1703605101", "1979484419", "1996759081", "2091907237", "2109729058", "2124291635", "2124909307", "2135742381", "2158071582", "2165894493", "2326000258", "2334675978", "2344206046", "2498765723", "2514342720", "2609239029", "2617569940", "2622325340", "2769827276", "2805179595", "2904273674", "2945072029", "2961314136" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Explaining State Preemption of Local Laws: Political, Institutional, and Demographic Factors", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3091675564", "venue": "95650557", "year": "2020", "title": "military coalitions and the politics of information", "label": [ "94625758", "557252395" ], "author": [ "2971533903" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Military Coalitions and the Politics of Information", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3036710997", "venue": "95691132", "year": "2020", "title": "disentangling the impact of civil association membership on political participation evidence from swedish panel data", "label": [ "68062652", "94625758" ], "author": [ "2015173110", "2623978356", "2277491788" ], "reference": [ "24946926", "96204486", "117999788", "145990614", "1534398778", "1552399557", "1925114829", "1994108876", "2006467056", "2031340404", "2061518704", "2069564972", "2071996807", "2091789197", "2101967273", "2110491165", "2114892875", "2118549945", "2124660048", "2125202429", "2138290169", "2141438413", "2147812689", "2148226305", "2157619495", "2159441830", "2165856783", "2461541778", "2464352833", "2480758374", "2590957573", "2661326872", "2788376707", "2800107453" ], "abstract": "what is the effect of membership in civil associations on political participation membership has been linked to providing social capital and personal networks which in turn help citizens more eas", "title_raw": "Disentangling the Impact of Civil Association Membership on Political Participation : Evidence from Swedish Panel Data", "abstract_raw": "What is the effect of membership in civil associations on political participation? Membership has been linked to providing social capital and personal networks, which in turn help citizens more eas ..." }, { "paper": "3096619496", "venue": "149872823", "year": "2020", "title": "against all odds thessaloniki s local policy activism in the reception and integration of forced migrants", "label": [ "173145845" ], "author": [ "3095971108" ], "reference": [ "291231558", "630303478", "1502798522", "1964827583", "2008218253", "2021930613", "2025891846", "2101433761", "2127868403", "2172899484", "2241015035", "2414172878", "2507130990", "2559167801", "2579967713", "2623510279", "2700446100", "2742666663", "2744732888", "2748449346", "2752858781", "2753776443", "2786562786", "2795392870", "2797843709", "2888387221", "2891473176", "2898661048", "2899179992", "2902792083", "2904304876", "2906319251", "2909186593", "2912612510", "2933975422", "2969345176", "2977717706", "2978225271", "2982223359", "2997677697", "3014803181", "3026686631", "3027234447", "3187613011" ], "abstract": "why do local governments develop policies for the reception and integration of forced migrants what strategies do they employ in pursuing their own policy objectives in this field especially with", "title_raw": "Against all odds: Thessaloniki\u2019s local policy activism in the reception and integration of forced migrants", "abstract_raw": "Why do local governments develop policies for the reception and integration of forced migrants? What strategies do they employ in pursuing their own policy objectives in this field, especially with..." }, { "paper": "3017966302", "venue": "49861241", "year": "2020", "title": "travel restrictions hampering covid 19 response", "label": [ "46578552", "47344431" ], "author": [ "2233343502" ], "reference": [], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "Travel restrictions hampering COVID-19 response.", "abstract_raw": "" }, { "paper": "3038130533", "venue": "148561398", "year": "2020", "title": "analysis of the division of labor in china s high quality life sciences research", "label": [ "994546", "191935318" ], "author": [ "3037916604", "2639655792" ], "reference": [ "1747769665", "1799889357", "1980507789", "2005200546", "2026182421", "2030386202", "2058745548", "2084925338", "2098571574", "2140032330", "2145677467", "2468587249", "2521984931", "2558518456", "2576633500", "2768062439", "2801982413", "2806499703", "2885283408", "2887180768", "2911374222", "3013261245" ], "abstract": "international cooperation has always been a popular subject in academic research recently with the rise of author contributions quantitative research using the authors division of labor in scientific research has provided a new perspective for the measure of international cooperation in this article international collaboration is analyzed in a more fine grained way namely by considering the importance of contributions of different authors at the national level semantic structures of the division of labor are extracted via text mining from the author contribution sections of life sciences publications in the nature index s 68 journals are categorized with two predefined rule libraries into corresponding division categories then quantitative analysis of the chinese division of labor is conducted from the perspectives of both quantity and structure and at both the national and international levels from the perspective of quantity at both the national and international levels chinese contributions in any category of the division of labor have been increasing in the past 10 years not only in proportion but also in as ranked among other countries especially in the category of experiment operation from the structural perspective china s contributions have become more structurally balanced in the past decade in 2017 china s structure of the division of labor was between those of brics countries and g7 countries from the co authorship perspective the significant differences between china and other countries are reflected in both sample and data collection and tools and technology", "title_raw": "Analysis of the division of labor in China\u2019s high-quality life sciences research", "abstract_raw": "International cooperation has always been a popular subject in academic research. Recently, with the rise of \u201cAuthor Contributions,\u201d quantitative research using the authors' division of labor in scientific research has provided a new perspective for the measure of international cooperation. In this article, international collaboration is analyzed in a more fine-grained way, namely by considering the importance of contributions of different authors at the national level. Semantic structures of the division of labor are extracted via text mining from the author contribution sections of life sciences publications in the Nature Index\u2019s 68 journals, are categorized with two predefined rule libraries into corresponding division categories. Then, quantitative analysis of the Chinese division of labor is conducted from the perspectives of both quantity and structure and at both the national and international levels. From the perspective of quantity, at both the national and international levels, Chinese contributions in any category of the division of labor have been increasing in the past 10\u00a0years, not only in proportion, but also in as ranked among other countries, especially in the category of experiment operation. From the structural perspective, China\u2019s contributions have become more structurally balanced in the past decade. In 2017, China's structure of the division of labor was between those of BRICS countries and G7 countries. From the co-authorship perspective, the significant differences between China and other countries are reflected in both sample and data collection and tools and technology." }, { "paper": "3005129706", "venue": "168049282", "year": "2020", "title": "a population health perspective on the trump administration brexit and right wing populism in europe", "label": [ "2778149918", "94625758", "526877150", "2776742560" ], "author": [ "2576437555" ], "reference": [ "2164008689", "2204376990", "2762667718", "2917631277", "2952762040", "2986312303", "3124451796" ], "abstract": "", "title_raw": "A Population Health Perspective on the Trump Administration, Brexit, and Right-Wing Populism in Europe.", "abstract_raw": "" } ]