diff --git "a/raw/rel-18/23_series/23032/raw.md" "b/raw/rel-18/23_series/23032/raw.md" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/raw/rel-18/23_series/23032/raw.md" @@ -0,0 +1,1385 @@ + + +# 3GPP TS 23.032 V18.1.0 (2023-09) + +*Technical Specification* + +## **3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Universal Geographical Area Description (GAD) (Release 18)** + +![3GPP logo with the text 'A GLOBAL INITIATIVE' below it.](64662465bba247703fdec49c8f3309f9_img.jpg) + +The 3GPP logo features the letters '3GPP' in a stylized, bold font. The '3' and 'G' are connected at the top, and the 'P' has a small red signal icon below it. Below the logo, the text 'A GLOBAL INITIATIVE' is written in a smaller, all-caps font. + +3GPP logo with the text 'A GLOBAL INITIATIVE' below it. + +The present document has been developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP™) and may be further elaborated for the purposes of 3GPP. The present document has not been subject to any approval process by the 3GPP Organizational Partners and shall not be implemented. This Specification is provided for future development work within 3GPP only. The Organizational Partners accept no liability for any use of this Specification. Specifications and Reports for implementation of the 3GPP™ system should be obtained via the 3GPP Organizational Partners' Publications Offices. + +## **3GPP** + +Postal address + +--- + +3GPP support office address + +--- + +650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis +Valbonne - FRANCE +Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 + +Internet + +--- + + + +## --- ***Copyright Notification*** --- + +No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. +The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. + +© 2023, 3GPP Organizational Partners (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC). +All rights reserved. + +UMTS™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its members +3GPP™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners +LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners +GSM® and the GSM logo are registered and owned by the GSM Association + +# Contents + +| | | +|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----| +| Foreword ..... | 5 | +| 1 Scope..... | 7 | +| 2 References..... | 7 | +| 3 Definitions and abbreviations ..... | 7 | +| 3.1 Definitions..... | 7 | +| 3.2 Abbreviations ..... | 8 | +| 4 Reference system ..... | 8 | +| 5 Shapes ..... | 8 | +| 5.1 Ellipsoid Point..... | 9 | +| 5.2 Ellipsoid point with uncertainty circle ..... | 9 | +| 5.3 Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse..... | 10 | +| 5.3a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse ..... | 10 | +| 5.3b High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with scalable uncertainty ellipse ..... | 10 | +| 5.4 Polygon..... | 11 | +| 5.5 Ellipsoid Point with Altitude..... | 11 | +| 5.6 Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid..... | 12 | +| 5.6a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid ..... | 12 | +| 5.6b High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and scalable uncertainty ellipsoid ..... | 13 | +| 5.7 Ellipsoid Arc ..... | 13 | +| 5.8 Local 2D point with uncertainty ellipse ..... | 13 | +| 5.9 Local 3D point with uncertainty ellipsoid..... | 14 | +| 5.10 Range and Direction..... | 14 | +| 5.11 Relative 2D Location with uncertainty ellipse..... | 14 | +| 5.12 Relative 3D Location with uncertainty ellipsoid..... | 15 | +| 6 Coding..... | 15 | +| 6.1 Point ..... | 15 | +| 6.1a High Accuracy Point..... | 15 | +| 6.2 Uncertainty..... | 16 | +| 6.2a High Accuracy Uncertainty..... | 16 | +| 6.2b High Accuracy Extended Uncertainty..... | 17 | +| 6.3 Altitude..... | 18 | +| 6.3a High Accuracy Altitude ..... | 18 | +| 6.4 Uncertainty Altitude..... | 18 | +| 6.5 Confidence ..... | 18 | +| 6.6 Radius..... | 19 | +| 6.7 Angle..... | 19 | +| 7 General message format and information elements coding..... | 19 | +| 7.1 Overview ..... | 20 | +| 7.2 Type of Shape..... | 20 | +| 7.3 Shape description ..... | 21 | +| 7.3.1 Ellipsoid Point ..... | 21 | +| 7.3.2 Ellipsoid Point with uncertainty Circle ..... | 22 | +| 7.3.3 Ellipsoid Point with uncertainty Ellipse..... | 23 | +| 7.3.3a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse..... | 24 | +| 7.3.3b High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with scalable uncertainty ellipse..... | 25 | +| 7.3.4 Polygon..... | 26 | +| 7.3.5 Ellipsoid Point with Altitude ..... | 27 | +| 7.3.6 Ellipsoid Point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid..... | 28 | +| 7.3.6a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid ..... | 29 | +| 7.3.6b High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and scalable uncertainty ellipsoid..... | 30 | +| 7.3.7 Ellipsoid Arc..... | 31 | + +| | | | +|-------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------| +| 8 | Description of Velocity ..... | 32 | +| 8.1 | Horizontal Velocity ..... | 32 | +| 8.2 | Horizontal and Vertical Velocity ..... | 32 | +| 8.3 | Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty ..... | 32 | +| 8.4 | Horizontal and Vertical Velocity with Uncertainty ..... | 32 | +| 8.4a | Relative Velocity with Uncertainty ..... | 33 | +| 8.5 | Coding Principles ..... | 33 | +| 8.6 | Coding of Velocity Type ..... | 33 | +| 8.7 | Coding of Horizontal Speed ..... | 34 | +| 8.8 | Coding of Bearing ..... | 34 | +| 8.9 | Coding of Vertical Speed ..... | 34 | +| 8.10 | Coding of Vertical Speed Direction ..... | 34 | +| 8.11 | Coding of Uncertainty Speed ..... | 34 | +| 8.12 | Coding of Horizontal Velocity ..... | 35 | +| 8.13 | Coding of Horizontal with Vertical Velocity ..... | 35 | +| 8.14 | Coding of Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty ..... | 35 | +| 8.15 | Coding of Horizontal with Vertical Velocity and Uncertainty ..... | 36 | +| Annex A (informative): | Element description in compact notation..... | 37 | +| Annex B (informative): | Change history ..... | 39 | + +# Foreword + +This Technical Specification has been produced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). + +The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows: + +Version x.y.z + +where: + +- x the first digit: + - 1 presented to TSG for information; + - 2 presented to TSG for approval; + - 3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control. +- y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections, updates, etc. +- z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document. + +In the present document, modal verbs have the following meanings: + +- shall** indicates a mandatory requirement to do something +- shall not** indicates an interdiction (prohibition) to do something + +The constructions "shall" and "shall not" are confined to the context of normative provisions, and do not appear in Technical Reports. + +The constructions "must" and "must not" are not used as substitutes for "shall" and "shall not". Their use is avoided insofar as possible, and they are not used in a normative context except in a direct citation from an external, referenced, non-3GPP document, or so as to maintain continuity of style when extending or modifying the provisions of such a referenced document. + +- should** indicates a recommendation to do something +- should not** indicates a recommendation not to do something +- may** indicates permission to do something +- need not** indicates permission not to do something + +The construction "may not" is ambiguous and is not used in normative elements. The unambiguous constructions "might not" or "shall not" are used instead, depending upon the meaning intended. + +- can** indicates that something is possible +- cannot** indicates that something is impossible + +The constructions "can" and "cannot" are not substitutes for "may" and "need not". + +- will** indicates that something is certain or expected to happen as a result of action taken by an agency the behaviour of which is outside the scope of the present document +- will not** indicates that something is certain or expected not to happen as a result of action taken by an agency the behaviour of which is outside the scope of the present document +- might** indicates a likelihood that something will happen as a result of action taken by some agency the behaviour of which is outside the scope of the present document + +**might not** indicates a likelihood that something will not happen as a result of action taken by some agency the behaviour of which is outside the scope of the present document + +In addition: + +**is** (or any other verb in the indicative mood) indicates a statement of fact + +**is not** (or any other negative verb in the indicative mood) indicates a statement of fact + +The constructions "is" and "is not" do not indicate requirements. + +# --- 1 Scope + +The present document defines an intermediate universal Geographical Area Description which subscriber applications, GSM, UMTS, EPS or 5GS services can use and the network can convert into an equivalent radio coverage map. + +For GSM, UMTS, EPS or 5GS services which involve the use of an "area", it can be assumed that in the majority of cases the Service Requester will be forbidden access to data on the radio coverage map of a particular PLMN and that the Service Requester will not have direct access to network entities (e.g. BSC/BTS, RNC/Node B, eNB or gNB). + +The interpretation by the PLMN operator of the geographical area in terms of cells actually used, cells that are partly within the given area and all other technical and quality of service aspects are out of the scope of the present document. + +This specification also provides a description of velocity that may be associated with a universal Geographical Area Description when both are applied to a common entity at a common time. + +The specification further provides a description of range and direction, relative location and relative velocity for a pair of devices such as 2 UEs. + +# --- 2 References + +The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. + +- References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. +- For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. +- For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document *in the same Release as the present document*. + +- [1] GSM 01.04: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Abbreviations and acronyms". +- [2] GSM 04.07: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Mobile radio interface signalling layer 3 General aspects". +- [3] Military Standard WGS84 Metric MIL-STD-2401 (11 January 1994): "Military Standard Department of Defence World Geodetic System (WGS)". +- [4] 3GPP TS 29.572: "5G System; Location Management Services; Stage 3". + +# --- 3 Definitions and abbreviations + +## 3.1 Definitions + +For the purposes of the present document, the following definitions apply. + +**Coordinate ID:** an identifier for a reference point that defines the origin of a particular local Cartesian System. + +**Local Co-ordinates:** co-ordinates relative to a local Cartesian System whose origin is expressed by a reference point. The origin may have known WGS84 coordinates. Local Co-ordinates are only applicable in 5GS. + +**Service Requester:** Entity, which uses the Geographical Area Description in any protocol to inform the network about a defined area. + +**Target:** Entity whose precise geographic position is to be described. + +## 3.2 Abbreviations + +For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in GSM 01.04 [1] and the following apply. + +| | | +|-----|-------------------------------| +| GAD | Geographical Area Description | +| GPS | Global Positioning System | +| WGS | World Geodetic System | + +# --- 4 Reference system + +Except for local co-ordinates, the reference system chosen for the coding of locations is the World Geodetic System 1984, (WGS 84), which is also used by the Global Positioning System, (GPS). The origin of the WGS 84 co-ordinate system is the geometric centre of the WGS 84 ellipsoid. The ellipsoid is constructed by the rotation of an ellipse around the minor axis which is oriented in the North-South direction. The rotation axis is the polar axis of the ellipsoid, and the plane orthogonal to it and including the centre of symmetry is the equatorial plane. + +The relevant dimensions are as follows: + +Major Axis (a) = 6378137 m + +Minor Axis (b) = 6356752,314 m + +$$\text{First eccentricity of the ellipsoid} = \frac{a^2 - b^2}{b^2} = 0,0066943800668$$ + +Co-ordinates are then expressed in terms of longitude and latitude relevant to this ellipsoid. The range of longitude is -180° to +180°, and the range of latitude is -90° to +90°. 0° longitude corresponds to the Greenwich Meridian, and positive angles are to the East, while negative angles are to the West. 0° latitude corresponds to the equator, and positive angles are to the North, while negative angles are to the South. Altitudes are defined as the distance between the ellipsoid and the point, along a line orthogonal to the ellipsoid. + +Local Co-ordinates are relative to a known reference point defined by an unique Coordinate ID configured by the PLMN operator. Local co-ordinates are then expressed in a local Cartesian co-ordinates system relative to the reference point. + +# --- 5 Shapes + +The intention is to incorporate a number of different shapes, that can be chosen according to need. + +- Ellipsoid Point; +- Ellipsoid point with uncertainty circle; +- Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse; +- Polygon; +- Ellipsoid point with altitude; +- Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid; +- Ellipsoid Arc; +- High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse; +- High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with scalable uncertainty ellipse; +- High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid; +- High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and scalable uncertainty ellipsoid. + +Shapes relevant to Local Co-ordinates: + +- Local 2D point with uncertainty ellipse (only in 5GS); +- Local 3D point with uncertainty ellipsoid (only in 5GS). + +Shapes relevant to a pair of devices: + +- Range and Direction (only in 5GS); +- Relative Location (only in 5GS). + +Each shape is discussed individually. + +## 5.1 Ellipsoid Point + +The description of an ellipsoid point is that of a point on the surface of the ellipsoid, and consists of a latitude and a longitude. In practice, such a description can be used to refer to a point on Earth's surface, or close to Earth's surface, with the same longitude and latitude. No provision is made in this version of the standard to give the height of a point. + +Figure 1 illustrates a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and its co-ordinates. + +The latitude is the angle between the equatorial plane and the perpendicular to the plane tangent to the ellipsoid surface at the point. Positive latitudes correspond to the North hemisphere. The longitude is the angle between the half-plane determined by the Greenwich meridian and the half-plane defined by the point and the polar axis, measured Eastward. + +![Figure 1: Description of a Point as two co-ordinates. The diagram shows an ellipsoid with a horizontal equatorial plane and a vertical polar axis. A point is marked on the surface. The 'Latitude' is indicated by an arc between the equatorial plane and a line perpendicular to the tangent at the point. The 'Longitude' is indicated by an arc in the equatorial plane between the Greenwich meridian and the projection of the point onto the plane.](6786ba12e3eceb3cf496108a02a37f09_img.jpg) + +Figure 1: Description of a Point as two co-ordinates. The diagram shows an ellipsoid with a horizontal equatorial plane and a vertical polar axis. A point is marked on the surface. The 'Latitude' is indicated by an arc between the equatorial plane and a line perpendicular to the tangent at the point. The 'Longitude' is indicated by an arc in the equatorial plane between the Greenwich meridian and the projection of the point onto the plane. + +**Figure 1: Description of a Point as two co-ordinates** + +## 5.2 Ellipsoid point with uncertainty circle + +The "ellipsoid point with uncertainty circle" is characterised by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point (the origin) and a distance $r$ . It describes formally the set of points on the ellipsoid which are at a distance from the origin less than or equal to $r$ , the distance being the geodesic distance over the ellipsoid, i.e., the minimum length of a path staying on the ellipsoid and joining the two points, as shown in figure 2. + +As for the ellipsoid point, this can be used to indicate points on the Earth surface, or near the Earth surface, of same latitude and longitude. + +The typical use of this shape is to indicate a point when its position is known only with a limited accuracy. + +![Figure 2: Description of an uncertainty Circle. A circle with a center point marked by a crosshair. A horizontal line segment extends from the center to the right edge, labeled 'r'.](07f537f57749b75157f742525e6a8dbc_img.jpg) + +Figure 2: Description of an uncertainty Circle. A circle with a center point marked by a crosshair. A horizontal line segment extends from the center to the right edge, labeled 'r'. + +Figure 2: Description of an uncertainty Circle + +## 5.3 Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse + +The "ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse" is characterised by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point (the origin), distances $r1$ and $r2$ and an angle of orientation $A$ . It describes formally the set of points on the ellipsoid which fall within or on the boundary of an ellipse with semi-major axis of length $r1$ oriented at angle $A$ (0 to $180^\circ$ ) measured clockwise from north and semi-minor axis of length $r2$ , the distances being the geodesic distance over the ellipsoid, i.e., the minimum length of a path staying on the ellipsoid and joining the two points, as shown in figure 2a. + +As for the ellipsoid point, this can be used to indicate points on the Earth's surface, or near the Earth's surface, of same latitude and longitude. The confidence level with which the position of a target entity is included within this set of points is also included with this shape. + +The typical use of this shape is to indicate a point when its position is known only with a limited accuracy, but the geometrical contributions to uncertainty can be quantified. + +![Figure 2a: Description of an uncertainty Ellipse. An ellipse centered at the origin of a coordinate system. A vertical arrow points up from the origin, labeled 'North'. A horizontal line extends to the right from the origin. An arc indicates an angle 'angle, A' clockwise from the North arrow to the semi-major axis. The semi-major axis is labeled 'semi-major axis, r1' and the semi-minor axis is labeled 'semi-minor axis, r2'.](0a90113d6c8989e8b3c89c5cf9f926d7_img.jpg) + +Figure 2a: Description of an uncertainty Ellipse. An ellipse centered at the origin of a coordinate system. A vertical arrow points up from the origin, labeled 'North'. A horizontal line extends to the right from the origin. An arc indicates an angle 'angle, A' clockwise from the North arrow to the semi-major axis. The semi-major axis is labeled 'semi-major axis, r1' and the semi-minor axis is labeled 'semi-minor axis, r2'. + +Figure 2a: Description of an uncertainty Ellipse + +### 5.3a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse + +The "high accuracy ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse" is characterised by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point (the origin), distances $r1$ and $r2$ and an angle of orientation $A$ , as described in clause 5.3. Compared to the "ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse", the "high accuracy ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse" provides finer resolution for the co-ordinates, and distances $r1$ and $r2$ . + +### 5.3b High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with scalable uncertainty ellipse + +The "high accuracy ellipsoid point with scalable uncertainty ellipse" is characterised by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point (the origin), distances $r1$ and $r2$ and an angle of orientation $A$ , as described in clause 5.3. Compared to the "ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse", the "high accuracy ellipsoid point with scalable uncertainty ellipse" provides + +finer resolution for the co-ordinates, and distances $r1$ and $r2$ , and additionally provides possibility to choose uncertainty range compared to "high accuracy ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse". + +## 5.4 Polygon + +A polygon is an arbitrary shape described by an ordered series of points (in the example pictured in the drawing, A to E). The minimum number of points allowed is 3, and the maximum number of points allowed is 15. The points shall be connected in the order that they are given. A connecting line is defined as the line over the ellipsoid joining the two points and of minimum distance (geodesic). The last point is connected to the first. The list of points shall respect a number of conditions: + +- a connecting line shall not cross another connecting line; +- two successive points must not be diametrically opposed on the ellipsoid. + +The described area is situated to the right of the lines with the downward direction being toward the Earth's centre and the forward direction being from a point to the next. + +NOTE: This definition does not permit connecting lines greater than roughly 20 000 km. If such a need arises, the polygon can be described by adding an intermediate point. + +Computation of geodesic lines is not simple. Approximations leading to a maximum distance between the computed line and the geodesic line of less than 3 metres are acceptable. + +![Figure 3: Description of a Polygon. The diagram shows a polygon with five vertices labeled A, B, C, D, and E. The vertices are connected in the order A-B-C-D-E-A. The lines are straight segments. The vertices are marked with 'X' symbols. The polygon is oriented such that the interior is to the right of the directed edges (A to B, B to C, C to D, D to E, E to A).](18442e4e239480f0c3c95b547aa8fde2_img.jpg) + +Figure 3: Description of a Polygon. The diagram shows a polygon with five vertices labeled A, B, C, D, and E. The vertices are connected in the order A-B-C-D-E-A. The lines are straight segments. The vertices are marked with 'X' symbols. The polygon is oriented such that the interior is to the right of the directed edges (A to B, B to C, C to D, D to E, E to A). + +Figure 3: Description of a Polygon + +## 5.5 Ellipsoid Point with Altitude + +The description of an ellipsoid point with altitude is that of a point at a specified distance above or below a point on the earth's surface. This is defined by an ellipsoid point with the given longitude and latitude and the altitude above or below the ellipsoid point. Figure 3a illustrates the altitude aspect of this description. + +![Figure 3a: Description of an Ellipsoid Point with Altitude. The diagram shows a circle representing a horizontal plane. A horizontal line extends from the center to the right edge, with a double-headed arrow labeled 'Altitude'. A diagonal line extends from the center to the upper-left edge, also with a double-headed arrow labeled 'Altitude'. Two points are marked on the circle's circumference: one in the upper-left quadrant labeled 'Point with negative altitude' and one on the right edge labeled 'Point with positive altitude'.](10953d657a5f47fdc829a800419dd370_img.jpg) + +Figure 3a: Description of an Ellipsoid Point with Altitude. The diagram shows a circle representing a horizontal plane. A horizontal line extends from the center to the right edge, with a double-headed arrow labeled 'Altitude'. A diagonal line extends from the center to the upper-left edge, also with a double-headed arrow labeled 'Altitude'. Two points are marked on the circle's circumference: one in the upper-left quadrant labeled 'Point with negative altitude' and one on the right edge labeled 'Point with positive altitude'. + +Figure 3a: Description of an Ellipsoid Point with Altitude + +## 5.6 Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid + +The "ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid" is characterised by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point with altitude, distances $r1$ (the "semi-major uncertainty"), $r2$ (the "semi-minor uncertainty") and $r3$ (the "vertical uncertainty") and an angle of orientation $A$ (the "angle of the major axis"). It describes formally the set of points which fall within or on the surface of a general (three dimensional) ellipsoid centred on an ellipsoid point with altitude whose real semi-major, semi-mean and semi-minor axis are some permutation of $r1$ , $r2$ , $r3$ with $r1 \geq r2$ . The $r3$ axis is aligned vertically, while the $r1$ axis, which is the semi-major axis of the ellipse in a horizontal plane that bisects the ellipsoid, is oriented at an angle $A$ (0 to 180 degrees) measured clockwise from north, as illustrated in Figure 3b. + +![Figure 3b: Description of an Ellipsoid Point with Altitude and Uncertainty Ellipsoid. The diagram shows a 3D ellipsoid. A vertical axis is labeled 'vertical' with an upward arrow. The horizontal plane contains two axes: the semi-major axis labeled 'r1' and the semi-minor axis labeled 'r2'. The vertical axis is labeled 'r3'. An angle 'A' is shown between a north arrow 'N' and the 'r1' axis. A point on the ellipsoid's surface is labeled 'ellipsoid point with altitude'.](53298644c66fa3fca81d6eec654afec5_img.jpg) + +Figure 3b: Description of an Ellipsoid Point with Altitude and Uncertainty Ellipsoid. The diagram shows a 3D ellipsoid. A vertical axis is labeled 'vertical' with an upward arrow. The horizontal plane contains two axes: the semi-major axis labeled 'r1' and the semi-minor axis labeled 'r2'. The vertical axis is labeled 'r3'. An angle 'A' is shown between a north arrow 'N' and the 'r1' axis. A point on the ellipsoid's surface is labeled 'ellipsoid point with altitude'. + +Figure 3b: Description of an Ellipsoid Point with Altitude and Uncertainty Ellipsoid + +The typical use of this shape is to indicate a point when its horizontal position and altitude are known only with a limited accuracy, but the geometrical contributions to uncertainty can be quantified. The confidence level with which the position of a target entity is included within the shape is also included. + +### 5.6a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid + +The "high accuracy ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid" is characterised by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point with altitude, distances $r1$ (the "semi-major uncertainty"), $r2$ (the "semi-minor uncertainty") and $r3$ (the "vertical uncertainty") and an angle of orientation $A$ (the "angle of the major axis"), as described in clause 5.6. Compared to the "ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid", the "high accuracy ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid" provides finer resolution for the co-ordinates, and distances $r1$ , $r2$ , and $r3$ . + +### 5.6b High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and scalable uncertainty ellipsoid + +The "high accuracy ellipsoid point with altitude and scalable uncertainty ellipsoid" is characterised by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point with altitude, distances $r1$ (the "semi-major uncertainty"), $r2$ (the "semi-minor uncertainty") and $r3$ (the "vertical uncertainty") and an angle of orientation $A$ (the "angle of the major axis"), as described in clause 5.6. Compared to the "ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid", the "high accuracy ellipsoid point with altitude and scalable uncertainty ellipsoid" provides finer resolution for the co-ordinates, and distances $r1$ , $r2$ , and $r3$ , and additionally provides possibility to choose uncertainty range compared to "high accuracy ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipse". + +## 5.7 Ellipsoid Arc + +An ellipsoid arc is a shape characterised by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point $o$ (the origin), inner radius $r1$ , uncertainty radius $r2$ , both radii being geodesic distances over the surface of the ellipsoid, the offset angle ( $\theta$ ) between the first defining radius of the ellipsoid arc and North, and the included angle ( $\beta$ ) being the angle between the first and second defining radii. The offset angle is within the range of $0^\circ$ to $359,999...^\circ$ while the included angle is within the range from $0,000...1^\circ$ to $360^\circ$ . This is to be able to describe a full circle, $0^\circ$ to $360^\circ$ . + +This shape-definition can also be used to describe a sector (inner radius equal to zero), a circle (included angle equal to $360^\circ$ ) and other circular shaped areas. The confidence level with which the position of a target entity is included within the shape is also included. + +![Figure 3c: Description of an Ellipsoid Arc. The diagram shows a blue arc segment. A vertical arrow points upwards from the origin 'Point (o)' to 'North'. A line segment labeled 'r1' extends from 'Point (o)' to the inner edge of the arc. Another line segment labeled 'r2' extends from the inner edge to the outer edge of the arc. The angle between the North arrow and the 'r1' line is labeled 'theta'. The angle between the 'r1' line and the outer edge of the arc is labeled 'beta'.](34fccc54a5930cbdf0f07e02c3745e35_img.jpg) + +Figure 3c: Description of an Ellipsoid Arc. The diagram shows a blue arc segment. A vertical arrow points upwards from the origin 'Point (o)' to 'North'. A line segment labeled 'r1' extends from 'Point (o)' to the inner edge of the arc. Another line segment labeled 'r2' extends from the inner edge to the outer edge of the arc. The angle between the North arrow and the 'r1' line is labeled 'theta'. The angle between the 'r1' line and the outer edge of the arc is labeled 'beta'. + +Figure 3c: Description of an Ellipsoid Arc + +## 5.8 Local 2D point with uncertainty ellipse + +The "local 2D point with uncertainty ellipse" is characterised by a point described in 2D local co-ordinates with origin in a known reference location, distances $r1$ and $r2$ and an angle of orientation $A$ . The local Cartesian co-ordinates system and the reference location shall be identified with a unique identifier. It describes formally the set of points which fall within or on the boundary of an ellipse with semi-major axis of length $r1$ oriented at angle $A$ ( $0$ to $180^\circ$ ) measured clockwise from north and semi-minor axis of length $r2$ . The confidence level with which the position of a target entity is included within this set of points is also included with this shape. + +This shape is only applicable to 5GS. + +The structure of local 2D point with uncertainty ellipse is defined in clause 6.1.6.2.38 in TS 29.572 [4]. + +## 5.9 Local 3D point with uncertainty ellipsoid + +The "local 3D point with uncertainty ellipsoid" is characterised by a point described in 3D local co-ordinates with origin in a known reference location, distances $r1$ (the "semi-major uncertainty"), $r2$ (the "semi-minor uncertainty") and $r3$ (the "vertical uncertainty") and an angle of orientation $A$ (the "angle of the major axis"). The local Cartesian co-ordinates system and the reference location shall be identified with a unique identifier. It describes formally the set of points which fall within or on the surface of a general (three dimensional) ellipsoid centred on a 3D point whose real semi-major, semi-mean and semi-minor axis are some permutation of $r1$ , $r2$ , $r3$ with $r1 \geq r2$ . The $r3$ axis is aligned vertically, while the $r1$ axis, which is the semi-major axis of the ellipse in a horizontal plane, is oriented at an angle $A$ (0 to 180 degrees) measured clockwise from north. The confidence level with which the position of a target entity is included within the shape is also included. + +This shape is only applicable to 5GS. + +The structure of local 3D point with uncertainty ellipsoid is defined in clause 6.1.6.2.39 in TS 29.572 [4]. + +## 5.10 Range and Direction + +The "range and direction" from a point A to a point B is characterised by three components comprising a range from point A to point B, an azimuth direction from point A to point B and an elevation direction from point A to point B as shown in Figure 3d. The range provides a straight-line distance from point A to point B. The azimuth provides a direction to point B from point A in a horizontal plane through point A and as measured clockwise from North. The elevation provides a direction to point B from point A in a vertical plane through the points A and B and as measured upwards or downwards from a horizontal plane through point A. The range, azimuth and elevation can be each independently included or excluded in a "range and direction" and each has an uncertainty and a confidence. + +![Figure 3d: Description of a Range and Direction. The diagram shows a horizontal plane through point A, represented by an ellipse. A vector labeled 'North' points upwards and to the left from point A. A vector labeled 'Azimuth' points to the right from point A. A vector labeled 'Range' points from point A to point B, which is above the horizontal plane. The angle between the 'North' vector and the 'Range' vector is labeled 'Azimuth'. The angle between the 'Range' vector and the 'Horizontal Plane through Point A' is labeled 'Elevation'.](b77cd8b2f763af8d453537177ac5942f_img.jpg) + +Figure 3d: Description of a Range and Direction. The diagram shows a horizontal plane through point A, represented by an ellipse. A vector labeled 'North' points upwards and to the left from point A. A vector labeled 'Azimuth' points to the right from point A. A vector labeled 'Range' points from point A to point B, which is above the horizontal plane. The angle between the 'North' vector and the 'Range' vector is labeled 'Azimuth'. The angle between the 'Range' vector and the 'Horizontal Plane through Point A' is labeled 'Elevation'. + +Figure 3d: Description of a Range and Direction + +Editor's note: Support of this shape will be confirmed by RAN WGs. + +## 5.11 Relative 2D Location with uncertainty ellipse + +The "relative 2D location with uncertainty ellipse" is characterised by a point described in 2D local co-ordinates with origin corresponding to another known point, distances $r1$ and $r2$ and an angle of orientation $A$ . It describes formally a set of points which fall within or on the boundary of an ellipse centered on a 2D point with semi-major axis of length $r1$ oriented at angle $A$ (0 to 180°) measured clockwise from North and semi-minor axis of length $r2$ . The confidence level with which the position of a target entity is included within this set of points is also included with this shape. + +This shape is only applicable to 5GS. + +Editor's note: The structure of a relative 2D location with uncertainty ellipse will be defined by CT WGs. + +Editor's note: Support of this shape will be confirmed by RAN WGs. + +## 5.12 Relative 3D Location with uncertainty ellipsoid + +The "relative 3D location with uncertainty ellipsoid" is characterised by a point described in 3D local co-ordinates with origin corresponding to another known point, distances $r_1$ (the "semi-major uncertainty"), $r_2$ (the "semi-minor uncertainty") and $r_3$ (the "vertical uncertainty") and an angle of orientation $A$ (the "angle of the major axis"). It describes formally the set of points which fall within or on the surface of a general (three dimensional) ellipsoid centred on a 3D point whose semi-major, semi-minor and semi-mean axis are, respectively, $r_1$ , $r_2$ , $r_3$ with $r_1 \geq r_2$ . The $r_3$ axis is aligned vertically, while the $r_1$ axis, which is the semi-major axis of the ellipse in a horizontal plane, is oriented at an angle $A$ (0 to 180 degrees) measured clockwise from North. The confidence level with which the position of a target entity is included within the shape is also included. + +This shape is only applicable to 5GS. + +Editor's note: The structure of a relative 3D location with uncertainty ellipsoid will be defined by CT WGs. + +Editor's note: Support of this shape will be confirmed by RAN WGs. + +# 6 Coding + +## 6.1 Point + +The co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point are coded with an uncertainty of less than 3 metres. + +The latitude is coded with 24 bits: 1 bit of sign and a number between 0 and $2^{23}-1$ coded in binary on 23 bits. The relation between the coded number $N$ and the range of (absolute) latitudes $X$ it encodes is the following ( $X$ in degrees): + +$$N \leq \frac{2^{23}}{90} X < N + 1$$ + +except for $N=2^{23}-1$ , for which the range is extended to include $N+1$ . + +The longitude, expressed in the range $-180^\circ$ , $+180^\circ$ , is coded as a number between $-2^{23}$ and $2^{23}-1$ , coded in 2's complement binary on 24 bits. The relation between the coded number $N$ and the range of longitude $X$ it encodes is the following ( $X$ in degrees): + +$$N \leq \frac{2^{24}}{360} X < N + 1$$ + +### 6.1a High Accuracy Point + +The co-ordinates of a high accuracy ellipsoid point are coded with a resolution of less than 5 millimetre for latitude, and less than 10 millimetre for longitude. + +The latitude for a high accuracy point, expressed in the range $-90^\circ$ , $+90^\circ$ , is coded as a number between $-2^{31}$ and $2^{31}-1$ , coded in 2's complement binary on 32 bits. The relation between the latitude $X$ in the range $[-90^\circ, 90^\circ]$ and the coded number $N$ is: + +$$N = \left\lfloor \frac{X}{90^\circ} 2^{31} \right\rfloor$$ + +where $\lfloor x \rfloor$ denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to $x$ (floor operator). + +The longitude for a high accuracy point, expressed in the range $-180^\circ$ , $+180^\circ$ , is coded as a number between $-2^{31}$ and $2^{31}-1$ , coded in 2's complement binary on 32 bits. The relation between the longitude $X$ in the range $[-180^\circ, 180^\circ]$ and the coded number $N$ is: + +$$N = \left\lfloor \frac{X}{180^\circ} 2^{31} \right\rfloor$$ + +## 6.2 Uncertainty + +A method of describing the uncertainty for latitude and longitude has been sought which is both flexible (can cover wide differences in range) and efficient. The proposed solution makes use of a variation on the Binomial expansion. The uncertainty $r$ , expressed in metres, is mapped to a number $K$ , with the following formula: + +$$r = C((1+x)^K - 1)$$ + +with $C = 10$ and $x = 0.1$ . With $0 \leq K \leq 127$ , a suitably useful range between 0 and 1800 kilometres is achieved for the uncertainty, while still being able to code down to values as small as 1 metre. The uncertainty can then be coded on 7 bits, as the binary encoding of $K$ . + +**Table 1: Example values for the uncertainty Function** + +| Value of $K$ | Value of uncertainty | +|--------------|----------------------| +| 0 | 0 m | +| 1 | 1 m | +| 2 | 2,1 m | +| - | - | +| 20 | 57,3 m | +| - | - | +| 40 | 443 m | +| - | - | +| 60 | 3 km | +| - | - | +| 80 | 20 km | +| - | - | +| 100 | 138 km | +| - | - | +| 120 | 927 km | +| - | - | +| 127 | 1800 km | + +### 6.2a High Accuracy Uncertainty + +The high accuracy uncertainty $r$ , expressed in metres, is mapped to a number $K$ , with the following formula: + +$$r = C((1+x)^K - 1)$$ + +with $C = 0.3$ and $x = 0.02$ . With $0 \leq K \leq 255$ , a suitably useful range between 0 and 46.49129 metres is achieved for the high accuracy uncertainty, while still being able to code down to values as small as 6 millimetre. The uncertainty can then be coded on 8 bits, as the binary encoding of $K$ . + +**Table 6.2a-1: Example values for the high accuracy uncertainty function** + +| Value of K | Value of uncertainty | +|--------------------------------|-----------------------------| +| 0 | 0 m | +| 1 | 0.006 m | +| 2 | 0.01212 m | +| - | - | +| 20 | 0.14578 m | +| - | - | +| 40 | 0.36241 m | +| - | - | +| 60 | 0.68430 m | +| - | - | +| 80 | 1.16263 m | +| - | - | +| 100 | 1.87339 m | +| - | - | +| 120 | 2.92954 m | +| - | - | +| 127 | 3.40973 m | +| - | - | +| 255 | 46.49129 m | + +### 6.2b High Accuracy Extended Uncertainty + +The high accuracy extended uncertainty $r$ , expressed in metres, is mapped to a number $K$ , with the following formula: + +$$r = C((1+x)^K - 1)$$ + +with $C = 0.3$ and $x = 0.02594$ , with $0 \leq K \leq 253$ , and $r = 200$ m with $K=254$ , and $r > 200$ m with $K=255$ a suitably useful range between 0 and 200 metres is achieved for the high accuracy uncertainty, while still being able to code down to values as small as 8 millimetres. The uncertainty can then be coded on 8 bits, as the binary encoding of $K$ . + +**Table 6.2b-1: Example values for the high accuracy uncertainty function** + +| Value of K | Value of uncertainty | +|--------------------------------|-----------------------------| +| 0 | 0 m | +| 1 | 0.00778 m | +| 2 | 0.01577 m | +| - | - | +| 20 | 0.20068 m | +| - | - | +| 40 | 0.53560 m | +| - | - | +| 60 | 1.09457 m | +| - | - | +| 80 | 2.02744 m | +| - | - | +| 100 | 3.58434 m | +| - | - | +| 120 | 6.18271 m | +| - | - | +| 127 | 7.45551 m | +| - | - | +| 253 | 195.12396 m | +| 254 | 200 m | +| 255 | > 200 m | + +## 6.3 Altitude + +Altitude is encoded in increments of 1 meter using a 15 bit binary coded number $N$ . The relation between the number $N$ and the range of altitudes $a$ (in metres) it encodes is described by the following equation: + +$$N \leq a < N + 1$$ + +Except for $N=2^{15}-1$ for which the range is extended to include all greater values of $a$ . + +The direction of altitude is encoded by a single bit with bit value 0 representing height above the WGS84 ellipsoid surface and bit value 1 representing depth below the WGS84 ellipsoid surface. + +### 6.3a High Accuracy Altitude + +High accuracy altitude is encoded as a number $N$ between -64000 and 1280000 using 2's complement binary on 22 bits. The relation between the number $N$ and the altitude $a$ (in metres) it encodes is described by the following equation: + +$$a = N \times 2^{-7}$$ + +So, the altitude for a high accuracy point, with a scale factor of $2^{-7}$ , ranges between -500 metres and 10000 metres. The altitude is encoded representing height above (plus) or below (minus) the WGS84 ellipsoid surface. + +## 6.4 Uncertainty Altitude + +The uncertainty in altitude, $h$ , expressed in metres is mapped from the binary number $K$ , with the following formula: + +$$h = C((1 + x)^K - 1)$$ + +with $C = 45$ and $x = 0,025$ . With $0 \leq K \leq 127$ , a suitably useful range between 0 and 990 meters is achieved for the uncertainty altitude. The uncertainty can then be coded on 7 bits, as the binary encoding of $K$ . + +**Table 2: Example values for the uncertainty altitude Function** + +| Value of $K$ | Value of uncertainty altitude | +|--------------|-------------------------------| +| 0 | 0 m | +| 1 | 1,13 m | +| 2 | 2,28 m | +| - | - | +| 20 | 28,7 m | +| - | - | +| 40 | 75,8 m | +| - | - | +| 60 | 153,0 m | +| - | - | +| 80 | 279,4 m | +| - | - | +| 100 | 486,6 m | +| - | - | +| 120 | 826,1 m | +| - | - | +| 127 | 990,5 m | + +## 6.5 Confidence + +The confidence by which the position of a target entity is known to be within the shape description, (expressed as a percentage) is directly mapped from the 7 bit binary number $K$ , except for $K=0$ which is used to indicate 'no information', and $100 < K \leq 128$ which should not be used but may be interpreted as "no information" if received. + +## 6.6 Radius + +Inner radius is encoded in increments of 5 meters using a 16 bit binary coded number $N$ . The relation between the number $N$ and the range of radius $r$ (in metres) it encodes is described by the following equation: + +$$5N \leq r < 5(N + 1)$$ + +Except for $N=2^{16}-1$ for which the range is extended to include all greater values of $r$ . +This provides a true maximum radius of 327,675 meters. + +The uncertainty radius is encoded as for the uncertainty latitude and longitude. + +## 6.7 Angle + +Offset and Included angle are encoded in increments of $2^\circ$ using an 8 bit binary coded number $N$ in the range 0 to 179. The relation between the number $N$ and the range offset ( $ao$ ) and included ( $ai$ ) of angles (in degrees) it encodes is described by the following equations: + +Offset angle ( $ao$ ) + +$2 N \leq ao < 2 (N+1)$ Accepted values for $ao$ are within the range from 0 to 359,9...9 degrees. + +Included angle ( $ai$ ) + +$2 N < ai \leq 2 (N+1)$ Accepted values for $ai$ are within the range from 0,0...1 to 360 degrees. + +# --- 7 General message format and information elements coding + +This clause describes a coding method for geographical area descriptions. A geographical area description is coded as a finite bit string. In the figures, the bit string is described by octets from top downward, and in the octet from left to right. Number encoding strings start with the most significant bit. + +## 7.1 Overview + +A bit string encoding a geographical description shall consist of the following parts: + +- Type of Shape; +- Shape Description. + +Such a bit string is usually part of an information element. The structure of the information element (e.g., element identifier, length) depends on the protocol in which the message containing the description is defined, and is specified in the protocol specification. + +This organisation is illustrated in the example shown in figure 4. + +![Figure 4: Example diagram showing the structure of a geographical description. It consists of a bit string divided into octets. The first octet (Octet 1) is split into two parts: the first four bits (8, 7, 6, 5) are labeled 'Type of shape', and the remaining bits (4, 3, 2, 1) are part of the 'Shape description'. Subsequent octets (Octet 2, etc.) are entirely part of the 'Shape description'.](1a85642ed2356d183ce598f2c8b3ee8b_img.jpg) + +| | | +|-------------------------------|---------| +| 8   7   6   5   4   3   2   1 | | +| Type of shape | Octet 1 | +| Shape description | Octet 2 | +| | Etc... | + +Figure 4: Example diagram showing the structure of a geographical description. It consists of a bit string divided into octets. The first octet (Octet 1) is split into two parts: the first four bits (8, 7, 6, 5) are labeled 'Type of shape', and the remaining bits (4, 3, 2, 1) are part of the 'Shape description'. Subsequent octets (Octet 2, etc.) are entirely part of the 'Shape description'. + +Figure 4: Example + +## 7.2 Type of Shape + +The Type of Shape information field identifies the type which is being coded in the Shape Description. The Type of Shape is coded as shown in table 2a. + +Table 2a: Coding of Type of Shape + +| Bits | | +|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| +| 4 3 2 1 | | +| 0 0 0 0 | Ellipsoid Point | +| 0 0 0 1 | Ellipsoid point with uncertainty Circle | +| 0 0 1 1 | Ellipsoid point with uncertainty Ellipse | +| 0 1 0 1 | Polygon | +| 1 0 0 0 | Ellipsoid point with altitude | +| 1 0 0 1 | Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty Ellipsoid | +| 1 0 1 0 | Ellipsoid Arc | +| 1 0 1 1 | High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse | +| 1 1 0 0 | High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid | +| 1 1 0 1 | High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with scalable uncertainty ellipse | +| 1 1 1 0 | High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and scalable uncertainty ellipsoid | +| other values | reserved for future use | + +## 7.3 Shape description + +The shape description consist of different elements. + +### 7.3.1 Ellipsoid Point + +The coding of a point is described in figure 5. + +![](73dff6b45b2b9ffd384bab3235f869af_img.jpg) + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | +|----------------------|---|---|---|-------|---|---|---|---------| +| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | spare | | | | Octet 1 | +| S | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | +| Degrees of latitude | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | +| Degrees of longitude | | | | | | | | Octet 6 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 7 | + +Figure 5: Shape description of a point + +S: Sign of latitude + +Bit value 0 North + +Bit value 1 South + +Degrees of latitude + +Bit 1 of octet 4 is the low order bit + +Degrees of longitude + +Bit 1 of octet 7 is the low order bit + +### 7.3.2 Ellipsoid Point with uncertainty Circle + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | +|----------------------|------------------|---|---|-------|---|---|---|---------|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--| +| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | spare | | | | Octet 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| S | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Degrees of latitude | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Degrees of longitude | | | | | | | | Octet 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| 0
spare | Uncertainty code | | | | | | | Octet 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | + +Figure 6: Shape description of an ellipsoid point with uncertainty circle + +### 7.3.3 Ellipsoid Point with uncertainty Ellipse + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | +|---------------------------|------------------------|---|---|-------|---|---|---|----------|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--| +| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | spare | | | | Octet 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| S | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Degrees of latitude | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Degrees of longitude | | | | | | | | Octet 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| 0
spare | Uncertainty semi-major | | | | | | | Octet 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| 0
spare | Uncertainty semi-minor | | | | | | | Octet 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Orientation of major axis | | | | | | | | Octet 10 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| 0
spare | Confidence | | | | | | | Octet 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | + +**Figure 6a: Shape description of an ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse** + +Orientation of major axis + +angle in degrees between the major axis and north + +(0 = north, 90 = east, values of 180 and above are not used) + +#### 7.3.3a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | +|--------------------------------------|------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|---|-------|---|---|---|----------|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--| +| 1011 | | | | Spare | | | | Octet 1 | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | | | | | | | | | | | +| ..... | | High Accuracy Degrees of Latitude
(High Accuracy Point) | | | | | | Octet 3 | | | | | | | | | | | +| ..... | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 6 | | | | | | | | | | | +| ..... | | High Accuracy Degrees of Longitude
(High Accuracy Point) | | | | | | Octet 7 | | | | | | | | | | | +| ..... | | | | | | | | Octet 8 | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 9 | | | | | | | | | | | +| High Accuracy Uncertainty semi-major | | | | | | | | Octet 10 | | | | | | | | | | | +| High Accuracy Uncertainty semi-minor | | | | | | | | Octet 11 | | | | | | | | | | | +| Orientation of major axis | | | | | | | | Octet 12 | | | | | | | | | | | +| 0
Spare | Confidence | | | | | | | Octet 13 | | | | | | | | | | | + +**Figure 7.3.3a-1: Shape description of a high accuracy ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse** + +High Accuracy Degrees of Latitude: + +Bit 8 of octet 2 is the high order bit. + +Bit 1 of octet 5 is the low order bit. + +High Accuracy Degrees of Longitude: + +Bit 8 of octet 6 is the high order bit. + +Bit 1 of octet 9 is the low order bit. + +Orientation of major axis: + +angle in degrees between the major axis and north + +(0 = north, 90 = east, values of 180 and above are not used). + +#### 7.3.3b High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with scalable uncertainty ellipse + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | +|-------------------------------------------------------------|------------|---|---|-------|---|---|---|----------|--|--|--|--| +| 1101 | | | | Spare | | | | Octet 1 | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | | | | | +| High Accuracy Degrees of Latitude
(High Accuracy Point) | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 6 | | | | | +| High Accuracy Degrees of Longitude
(High Accuracy Point) | | | | | | | | Octet 7 | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 8 | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 9 | | | | | +| High Accuracy Uncertainty semi-major | | | | | | | | Octet 10 | | | | | +| High Accuracy Uncertainty semi-minor | | | | | | | | Octet 11 | | | | | +| Orientation of major axis | | | | | | | | Octet 12 | | | | | +| U | Confidence | | | | | | | Octet 13 | | | | | + +**Figure 7.3.3b-1: Shape description of a high accuracy ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse** + +High Accuracy Degrees of Latitude: + +Bit 8 of octet 2 is the high order bit. + +Bit 1 of octet 5 is the low order bit. + +High Accuracy Degrees of Longitude: + +Bit 8 of octet 6 is the high order bit. + +Bit 1 of octet 9 is the low order bit. + +Orientation of major axis: + +angle in degrees between the major axis and north + +(0 = north, 90 = east, values of 180 and above are not used). + +U: Uncertainty Range + +Bit value 0 High Accuracy default uncertainty range used. + +Bit value 1 High Accuracy Extended Uncertainty Range used. + +### 7.3.4 Polygon + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +|---------------------------------|---|---|---|------------------|---|---|---|--|------------|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--| +| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Number of points | | | | | Octet 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +| S1 | | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Degrees of latitude of point 1 | | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Degrees of longitude of point 1 | | | | | | | | | Octet 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | Octet 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Sn | | | | | | | | | Octet 6n-4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Degrees of latitude of point n | | | | | | | | | Octet 6n-3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | Octet 6n-2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | Octet 6n-1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Degrees of longitude of point n | | | | | | | | | Octet 6n | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | Octet 6n+1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + +Figure 7: Shape description of a polygon + +The number of points field encodes in binary on 4 bits the number $n$ of points in the description, and ranges from 3 to 15. + +### 7.3.5 Ellipsoid Point with Altitude + +The coding of an ellipsoid point with altitude is described in figure 8. + +![Figure 8: Shape description of an ellipsoid point with altitude. The diagram shows a table with 9 octets. Octet 1 contains bits 8-1 (1, 0, 0, 0, spare). Octet 2 starts with bit S. Octets 3-4 contain Degrees of latitude. Octets 5-7 contain Degrees of longitude. Octet 8 starts with bit D. Octet 9 contains Altitude.](4cde160bcc69b7b6c81b648dd0e4252e_img.jpg) + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | | +|----------------------|---|---|---|-------|---|---|---|---------|---------| +| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | spare | | | | Octet 1 | | +| S | | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | +| Degrees of latitude | | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | +| | | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | +| | | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | +| Degrees of longitude | | | | | | | | | Octet 6 | +| | | | | | | | | | Octet 7 | +| D | | | | | | | | | Octet 8 | +| Altitude | | | | | | | | | Octet 9 | + +Figure 8: Shape description of an ellipsoid point with altitude. The diagram shows a table with 9 octets. Octet 1 contains bits 8-1 (1, 0, 0, 0, spare). Octet 2 starts with bit S. Octets 3-4 contain Degrees of latitude. Octets 5-7 contain Degrees of longitude. Octet 8 starts with bit D. Octet 9 contains Altitude. + +**Figure 8: Shape description of an ellipsoid point with altitude** + +D: Direction of Altitude + +Bit value 0 Altitude expresses height + +Bit value 1 Altitude expresses depth + +Altitude + +Bit 1 of octet 9 is the low order bit + +### 7.3.6 Ellipsoid Point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | +|---------------------------|------------------------|---|---|-------|---|---|---|----------|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--| +| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | spare | | | | Octet 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| S | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Degrees of latitude | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Degrees of longitude | | | | | | | | Octet 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| D | | | | | | | | Octet 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Altitude | | | | | | | | Octet 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| 0
spare | Uncertainty semi-major | | | | | | | Octet 10 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| 0
spare | Uncertainty semi-minor | | | | | | | Octet 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| Orientation of major axis | | | | | | | | Octet 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| 0
spare | Uncertainty Altitude | | | | | | | Octet 13 | | | | | | | | | | | | +| 0
spare | Confidence | | | | | | | Octet 14 | | | | | | | | | | | | + +Figure 9: Shape description of an ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid + +#### 7.3.6a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid + +![](474a819357587e34949a3e110ff19b30_img.jpg) + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | +|-------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|---|---|-------|---|---|---|----------| +| 1100 | | | | Spare | | | | Octet 1 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | +| High Accuracy Degrees of Latitude
(High Accuracy Point) | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 6 | +| High Accuracy Degrees of Longitude
(High Accuracy Point) | | | | | | | | Octet 7 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 8 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 9 | +| 0 Spare | 0 Spare | | | | | | | Octet 10 | +| High Accuracy Altitude | | | | | | | | Octet 11 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 12 | +| High Accuracy Uncertainty semi-major | | | | | | | | Octet 13 | +| High Accuracy Uncertainty semi-minor | | | | | | | | Octet 14 | +| Orientation of major axis | | | | | | | | Octet 15 | +| 0 Spare | Horizontal Confidence | | | | | | | Octet 16 | +| High Accuracy Uncertainty Altitude | | | | | | | | Octet 17 | +| 0 Spare | Vertical Confidence | | | | | | | Octet 18 | + +**Figure 7.3.6a-1: Shape description of an High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid** + +High Accuracy Degrees of Latitude: + +Bit 8 of octet 2 is the high order bit. + +Bit 1 of octet 5 is the low order bit. + +High Accuracy Degrees of Longitude: + +Bit 8 of octet 6 is the high order bit. + +Bit 1 of octet 9 is the low order bit. + +High Accuracy Altitude: + +Bit 6 of octet 10 is the high order bit. + +Bit 1 of octet 12 is the low order bit. + +Orientation of major axis: + +angle in degrees between the major axis and north + +(0 = north, 90 = east, values of 180 and above are not used). + +NOTE: The same "High Accuracy Uncertainty" (defined in clause 6.2a) is used for both horizontal and vertical location. + +#### 7.3.6b High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and scalable uncertainty ellipsoid + +![](7d2d1d3870cd224c4430d19334557716_img.jpg) + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | +|-------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|---|---|-------|---|---|---|----------| +| 1110 | | | | Spare | | | | Octet 1 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | +| High Accuracy Degrees of Latitude
(High Accuracy Point) | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 6 | +| High Accuracy Degrees of Longitude
(High Accuracy Point) | | | | | | | | Octet 7 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 8 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 9 | +| 0 Spare | 0 Spare | | | | | | | Octet 10 | +| High Accuracy Altitude | | | | | | | | Octet 11 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 12 | +| High Accuracy Uncertainty semi-major | | | | | | | | Octet 13 | +| High Accuracy Uncertainty semi-minor | | | | | | | | Octet 14 | +| Orientation of major axis | | | | | | | | Octet 15 | +| HU | Horizontal Confidence | | | | | | | Octet 16 | +| High Accuracy Uncertainty Altitude | | | | | | | | Octet 17 | +| VU | Vertical Confidence | | | | | | | Octet 18 | + +**Figure 7.3.6b-1: Shape description of a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid** + +High Accuracy Degrees of Latitude: + +Bit 8 of octet 2 is the high order bit. + +Bit 1 of octet 5 is the low order bit. + +High Accuracy Degrees of Longitude: + +Bit 8 of octet 6 is the high order bit. + +Bit 1 of octet 9 is the low order bit. + +High Accuracy Altitude: + +Bit 6 of octet 10 is the high order bit. + +Bit 1 of octet 12 is the low order bit. + +Orientation of major axis: + +angle in degrees between the major axis and north + +(0 = north, 90 = east, values of 180 and above are not used). + +##### HU: Horizontal Uncertainty Range + +Bit value 0 High Accuracy default uncertainty range used. + +Bit value 1 High Accuracy Extended Uncertainty Range used. + +##### VU: Vertical Uncertainty Range + +Bit value 0 High Accuracy default uncertainty range used. + +Bit value 1 High Accuracy Extended Uncertainty Range used. + +NOTE: Horizontal and vertical accuracy are coded as specified by "High Accuracy Uncertainty" (defined in clause 6.2a) or "High Accuracy Extended Uncertainty" (defined in clause 6.2b). Different coding can be used for horizontal and vertical location components. + +### 7.3.7 Ellipsoid Arc + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | +|----------------------|--------------------|---|---|-------|---|---|---|---------|----------|--|--|--|--|--|--| +| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Spare | | | | Octet 1 | | | | | | | | +| S | | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | | | | | | | +| Degrees of latitude | | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | | | | | | | +| Degrees of longitude | | | | | | | | | Octet 6 | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | Octet 7 | | | | | | | +| Inner radius | | | | | | | | | Octet 8 | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | Octet 9 | | | | | | | +| 0
spare | Uncertainty radius | | | | | | | | Octet 10 | | | | | | | +| Offset angle | | | | | | | | | Octet 11 | | | | | | | +| Included angle | | | | | | | | | Octet 12 | | | | | | | +| 0
spare | Confidence | | | | | | | | Octet 13 | | | | | | | + +Figure 10: Shape description of an Ellipsoid arc + +Inner radius: + +Bit 8 of octet 8 is the high order bit. + +Bit 1 of octet 9 is the low order bit. + +# 8 Description of Velocity + +A description of velocity is applicable to any target entity on or close to the surface of the WGS84 ellipsoid. + +## 8.1 Horizontal Velocity + +Horizontal velocity is characterised by the horizontal speed and bearing. The horizontal speed gives the magnitude of the horizontal component of the velocity of a target entity. The bearing provides the direction of the horizontal component of velocity taken clockwise from North. + +![Figure 11: Description of Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty. A diagram showing a horizontal plane with a North arrow pointing upwards. A vector is drawn from the origin, labeled 'Magnitude'. The angle between the North arrow and the vector is labeled 'Bearing'. The vector is shown as a double-headed arrow, indicating uncertainty.](d9a8b92ba7fc661ebe736ba3e4088eb5_img.jpg) + +Figure 11: Description of Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty. A diagram showing a horizontal plane with a North arrow pointing upwards. A vector is drawn from the origin, labeled 'Magnitude'. The angle between the North arrow and the vector is labeled 'Bearing'. The vector is shown as a double-headed arrow, indicating uncertainty. + +Figure 11: Description of Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty + +## 8.2 Horizontal and Vertical Velocity + +Horizontal and vertical velocity is characterised by horizontal speed, bearing, vertical speed and direction. The horizontal speed and bearing characterise the horizontal component of velocity. The vertical speed and direction provides the component of velocity of a target entity in a vertical direction. + +## 8.3 Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty + +Horizontal velocity with uncertainty is characterised by a horizontal speed and bearing, giving a horizontal velocity vector $\underline{V}$ and an uncertainty speed $s$ . It describes the set of velocity vectors $\underline{v}$ related to the given velocity $\underline{V}$ as follows: + +$$|\underline{v} - \underline{V}| \leq s$$ + +![Figure 12: Description of Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty. A 2D coordinate system with horizontal axis Vx and vertical axis Vy. A vector V is drawn from the origin. A dashed circle of radius s is centered at the tip of vector V. Another vector v is drawn from the origin to a point on the circle, representing a possible velocity vector within the uncertainty range.](e15f9dc3ef94138759781dc3c620b48d_img.jpg) + +Figure 12: Description of Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty. A 2D coordinate system with horizontal axis Vx and vertical axis Vy. A vector V is drawn from the origin. A dashed circle of radius s is centered at the tip of vector V. Another vector v is drawn from the origin to a point on the circle, representing a possible velocity vector within the uncertainty range. + +Figure 12: Description of Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty + +## 8.4 Horizontal and Vertical Velocity with Uncertainty + +Horizontal and vertical velocity with uncertainty is characterised by a horizontal speed and bearing, giving a horizontal velocity vector $\underline{V}_{x,y}$ , a vertical speed and direction giving a vertical velocity component $V_z$ and uncertainty speeds $s_1$ and + +s2. It describes the set of velocity vectors $\underline{v}$ with horizontal and vertical components $\underline{v}_{x,y}$ , and $v_z$ that are related to the given velocity components $\underline{V}_{x,y}$ , and $V_z$ as follows: + +$$|\underline{v}_{x,y} - \underline{V}_{x,y}| \leq s1$$ + +$$|v_z - V_z| \leq s2$$ + +### 8.4a Relative Velocity with Uncertainty + +The relative velocity with uncertainty of a device B relative to a device A is characterised by a radial velocity component and a perpendicular transverse velocity component. The radial velocity component is characterized by a rate of change of a range between the device A and device B. The transverse velocity component is characterized by a rate of change of a direction to the device B from the device A, where the direction includes an angle of azimuth measured clockwise from North in a horizontal plane through the device A and an angle of elevation measured upwards or downwards in a vertical plane through the devices A and B from a horizontal plane through the device A. The rates of change of the range and the angles of azimuth and elevation can be each independently included or excluded in the relative velocity and each has an uncertainty and a confidence, + +![Figure 12a: Description of a Relative Velocity with Uncertainty. The diagram shows a horizontal plane through device A, with a North arrow pointing upwards. A vector from A to B represents the relative velocity. This vector is decomposed into a radial velocity component (along the line AB) and a transverse velocity component (perpendicular to the radial component). The azimuth angle is measured clockwise from North in the horizontal plane. The elevation angle is measured upwards from the horizontal plane.](d8b92bdf09d07cb6c7b6961db9f6c4bb_img.jpg) + +Figure 12a: Description of a Relative Velocity with Uncertainty. The diagram shows a horizontal plane through device A, with a North arrow pointing upwards. A vector from A to B represents the relative velocity. This vector is decomposed into a radial velocity component (along the line AB) and a transverse velocity component (perpendicular to the radial component). The azimuth angle is measured clockwise from North in the horizontal plane. The elevation angle is measured upwards from the horizontal plane. + +Figure 12a: Description of a Relative Velocity with Uncertainty + +## 8.5 Coding Principles + +Velocity is encoded as shown in Figure 13. The velocity type in bits 8-5 of octet 1 defines the type of velocity information in succeeding bits. + +![](6361dfaef83c9ffc3b147e1627ba76a1_img.jpg) + +| | | +|-------------------------------|---------| +| 8   7   6   5   4   3   2   1 | | +| Velocity Type | Octet 1 | +| Velocity Information | Octet 2 | +| | Etc... | + +Figure 13: General Coding of Velocity + +## 8.6 Coding of Velocity Type + +Table 3 shows the coding of the velocity type. + +**Table 3: Coding of Velocity Type** + +| Bits | | +|--------------|---------------------------------------------------| +| 4 3 2 1 | | +| 0 0 0 0 | Horizontal Velocity | +| 0 0 0 1 | Horizontal with Vertical Velocity | +| 0 0 1 0 | Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty | +| 0 0 1 1 | Horizontal with Vertical Velocity and Uncertainty | +| other values | reserved for future use | + +## 8.7 Coding of Horizontal Speed + +Horizontal speed is encoded in increments of 1 kilometre per hour using a 16 bit binary coded number N. The relation between the number N and the horizontal speed $h$ (in kilometres per hour) it encodes is described by the following equations: + +$$N \leq h < N + 0.5 \quad (N = 0)$$ + +$$N - 0.5 \leq h < N + 0.5 \quad (0 < N < 2^{16}-1)$$ + +$$N - 0.5 \leq h \quad (N = 2^{16}-1)$$ + +## 8.8 Coding of Bearing + +Bearing is encoded in increments of 1 degree measured clockwise from North using a 9 bit binary coded number N. The relation between the number N and the bearing $b$ (in degrees) it encodes is described by the following equation: + +$$N \leq b < N+1$$ + +except for $360 \leq N < 511$ which are not used. + +## 8.9 Coding of Vertical Speed + +Vertical speed is encoded in increments of 1 kilometre per hour using 8 bits giving a number N between 0 and $2^8-1$ . The relation between the number N and the vertical speed $v$ (in kilometres per hour) it encodes is described by the following equations: + +$$N \leq v < N + 0.5 \quad (N = 0)$$ + +$$N - 0.5 \leq v < N + 0.5 \quad (0 < N < 2^8-1)$$ + +$$N - 0.5 \leq v \quad (N = 2^8-1)$$ + +## 8.10 Coding of Vertical Speed Direction + +Vertical speed direction is encoded using 1 bit: a bit value of 0 indicates upward speed; a bit value of 1 indicates downward speed. + +## 8.11 Coding of Uncertainty Speed + +Uncertainty speed is encoded in increments of 1 kilometre per hour using an 8 bit binary coded number N. The value of N gives the uncertainty speed except for $N=255$ which indicates that the uncertainty is not specified. + +## 8.12 Coding of Horizontal Velocity + +The coding of horizontal velocity is described in figure 14. + +![](0ee9d674085524d589646a6c3fb21ec3_img.jpg) + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | +|------------------|---|---|---|-------|---|---|---|---------| +| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | spare | | | | Octet 1 | +| Bearing | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | +| Horizontal Speed | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | + +**Figure 14: Coding of Horizontal Velocity** + +Bearing + +Bit 1 of octet 1 is the high order bit; bit 1 of octet 2 is the low order bit + +Horizontal Speed + +Bit 1 of octet 4 is the low order bit + +## 8.13 Coding of Horizontal with Vertical Velocity + +The coding of horizontal with vertical velocity is described in figure 15. + +![](40ef8b4d1d6b485e04c5edfeb6324b18_img.jpg) + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | +|------------------|---|---|---|-------|---|---|---|---------| +| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | spare | | D | | Octet 1 | +| Bearing | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | +| Horizontal Speed | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | +| Vertical Speed | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | + +**Figure 15: Coding of Horizontal with Vertical Velocity** + +D: Direction of Vertical Speed + +Bit value 0 Upward + +Bit value 1 Downward + +## 8.14 Coding of Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty + +The coding of horizontal velocity with uncertainty is described in figure 16. + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | +|-------------------|---|---|---|-------|---|---|---|---------|--|--|--|--| +| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | spare | | | | Octet 1 | | | | | +| Bearing | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | | | | | +| Horizontal Speed | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | | | | | +| Uncertainty Speed | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | | | | | + +Figure 16: Coding of Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty + +## 8.15 Coding of Horizontal with Vertical Velocity and Uncertainty + +The coding of horizontal with vertical velocity and uncertainty is described in figure 17. + +| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | | | | | +|------------------------------|---|---|---|-------|---|---|---|---------|--|--|--| +| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | spare | | | D | Octet 1 | | | | +| Bearing | | | | | | | | Octet 2 | | | | +| Horizontal Speed | | | | | | | | Octet 3 | | | | +| | | | | | | | | Octet 4 | | | | +| Vertical Speed | | | | | | | | Octet 5 | | | | +| Horizontal Uncertainty Speed | | | | | | | | Octet 6 | | | | +| Vertical Uncertainty Speed | | | | | | | | Octet 7 | | | | + +Figure 17: Coding of Horizontal with Vertical Velocity and Uncertainty + +# Annex A (informative): Element description in compact notation + +The notation is the one described in GSM 04.07 [2]. + +``` + + ::= + | + | + | + | + | + | + ; + + : := + 0000 (4) + ; + + ::= + + ; + + ::= + 0001 (4) + + ; + + ::= + 0011 (4) + + + + + ; + + ::= + 0101 + (val(Number of points)) ; + + ::= + 0011 | 0100 | 0101 | 0110 | 0111 | 1000 | 1001 | 1010 | + 1011 | 1100 | 1101 | 1110 | 1111 ; + + ::= + 1000 (4) + + ; + + ::= + + + ::= + 1001 (4) + + + + + +``` + +``` + + + ; + + ::= + <1010> spare(4) + + + ; + + + + ; + + ::= + | + | + | + ; + + : := + 0000 (3) + + ; + + : := + 0001 (2) + + + + ; + + : := + 0010 (3) + + + ; + + : := + 0011 (2) + + + + + + ; +``` + +# Annex B (informative): Change history + +| Change history | | | | | | | | | +|----------------|---------|-----------|------|-----|-----|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|-------------| +| Date | Meeting | TDoc | CR | Rev | Cat | Subject/Comment | | New version | +| 2004-12 | SP-26 | | | | | Created version 6.0.0 | | 6.0.0 | +| 2007-06 | SP-36 | - | - | - | | Update to Rel-7 version (MCC) | | 7.0.0 | +| 2008-12 | SP-42 | - | - | - | | Update to Rel-8 version (MCC) | | 8.0.0 | +| 2009-12 | SP-46 | - | - | - | | Update to Rel-9 version (MCC) | | 9.0.0 | +| 2011-03 | SP-51 | - | - | - | - | Update to Rel-10 version (MCC) | | 10.0.0 | +| 2012-09 | - | - | - | - | - | Update to Rel-11 version (MCC) | | 11.0.0 | +| 2014-09 | SP-65 | - | - | - | - | Update to Rel-12 version (MCC) | | 12.0.0 | +| 2015-12 | - | - | - | - | - | Update to Rel-13 version (MCC) | | 13.0.0 | +| 2017-03 | - | - | - | - | - | Update to Rel-14 version (MCC) | | 14.0.0 | +| 2018-03 | SP-79 | SP-180089 | 0014 | - | F | Correction to the speed encoding | | 14.1.0 | +| 2018-06 | SP-80 | - | - | - | | Update to Rel-15 version (MCC) | | 15.0.0 | +| 2018-09 | SP-81 | SP-180729 | 0015 | 1 | F | GAD shape(s) for high accuracy positioning | | 15.1.0 | +| 2020-07 | SP-88E | - | - | - | - | Update to Rel-16 version (MCC) | | 16.0.0 | +| 2021-03 | SP-91E | SP-210063 | 0018 | 1 | C | GAD shape for location estimate in Local Coordinates | | 17.0.0 | +| 2021-09 | SP-93E | SP-210913 | 0019 | 1 | F | Add message formats for Local 2D point with uncertainty ellipse and Local 3D point with uncertainty ellipsoid | | 17.1.0 | +| 2021-12 | SP-94E | SP-211279 | 0021 | 1 | A | Introducing new high accuracy GAD shape with scalable uncertainty | | 17.2.0 | +| 2023-06 | SP-100 | SP-230485 | 0022 | 1 | B | New GAD Shapes for Ranging and Sidelink Positioning Location Results | | 18.0.0 | +| 2023-09 | SP-101 | SP-230855 | 0025 | - | F | Remove Editor's Note on feasibility of the Relative Velocity with Uncertainty shape | | 18.1.0 | \ No newline at end of file