---
license: mit
task_categories:
  - text-classification
  - fact-checking
language:
  - en
tags:
  - citation-verification
  - hallucination-detection
  - scientific-integrity
  - bayesian-scoring
  - reference-checking
size_categories:
  - 10K<n<100K
---

# IntegriRef-Bench

Benchmark dataset for multi-level reference integrity verification, accompanying the IntegriRef framework.

## Dataset Splits

| Split | Rows | Description |
|-------|------|-------------|
| `reference_verification` | 1,926 | Golden benchmark + crawled verification cases (hallucinated, real, chimera, retracted) |
| `signal_unit_tests` | 403 | Per-signal unit tests for 14 Bayesian signal types |
| `l1_intent` | 20 | Citation intent classification test pairs |
| `l2_nli` | 20 | Claim-evidence NLI alignment test pairs |
| `graph_anomaly` | 3,030 | Citation graph anomaly cases (rings, temporal, orphan clusters) |
| `retracted_papers` | 6,391 | Retracted papers from Crossref + PubMed with real controls |
| **Total** | **11,790** | |

## Usage

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("Geoffrey-Wang/IntegriRef-Bench")

# Or load a specific split
ref_ver = load_dataset("Geoffrey-Wang/IntegriRef-Bench", data_files="reference_verification.jsonl")
```

## Sources

- **Retracted papers**: Crossref `update-to` retraction markers + PubMed retraction notices
- **Hallucinated references**: Programmatically generated with verified non-existence
- **Chimera references**: Real DOIs paired with swapped metadata
- **Graph anomaly cases**: Documented citation cartels (Brazilian 2009-2013, Ji-Huan He, IOP 2024)
- **Temporal anomalies**: OpenAlex citation graph analysis
- **Statistical cases**: GRIM test + statcheck from PMC Open Access full texts

## Citation

```bibtex
@inproceedings{integriref2026,
  title={IntegriRef: A Five-Layer Bayesian Framework for Cross-Domain Reference Integrity Verification},
  author={Anonymous},
  booktitle={KnowFM Workshop at ACL},
  year={2026}
}
```

## License

MIT