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	Table 2.1. Estimates and projections of working hours, employment, unemployment\nand labourforce, regional and subregional, Africa, 2010-25

	<table>
	<thead>
	<tr>
	<th rowspan="2">
	Region/
	<br>
	subregion
	</th>
	<th colspan="6">
	Mean weekly hours worked
	<br>
	per person employed
	</th>
	<th colspan="6">
	Total weekly hours in full-time equivalent jobs
	<br>
	(FTE = 48 hours/week)(millions)
	</th>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<th>
	2010
	</th>
	<th>
	2019
	</th>
	<th>
	2022
	</th>
	<th>
	2023
	</th>
	<th>
	2024
	</th>
	<th>
	</th>
	<th>
	2010
	</th>
	<th>
	2019
	</th>
	<th>
	2022
	</th>
	<th>
	2023
	</th>
	<th>
	2024
	</th>
	<th>
	</th>
	</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td>
	Africa
	</td>
	<td>
	38.8
	</td>
	<td>
	39.0
	</td>
	<td>
	39.1
	</td>
	<td>
	39.0
	</td>
	<td>
	39.0
	</td>
	<td>
	</td>
	<td>
	296
	</td>
	<td>
	372
	</td>
	<td>
	406
	</td>
	<td>
	418
	</td>
	<td>
	430
	</td>
	<td>
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>
	North Africa
	</td>
	<td>
	44.7
	</td>
	<td>
	44.0
	</td>
	<td>
	44.0
	</td>
	<td>
	44.0
	</td>
	<td>
	44.0
	</td>
	<td>
	</td>
	<td>
	56
	</td>
	<td>
	60
	</td>
	<td>
	64
	</td>
	<td>
	65
	</td>
	<td>
	66
	</td>
	<td>
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>
	Sub-Saharan Africa
	</td>
	<td>
	37.6
	</td>
	<td>
	38.2
	</td>
	<td>
	38.3
	</td>
	<td>
	38.2
	</td>
	<td>
	38.2
	</td>
	<td>
	</td>
	<td>
	241
	</td>
	<td>
	312
	</td>
	<td>
	342
	</td>
	<td>
	353
	</td>
	<td>
	363
	</td>
	<td>
	</td>
	</tr>
	<thead>
	<tr>
	<th>
	</th>
	<th colspan="6">
	Employment-to-population ratio
	<br>
	(percentages)
	</th>
	<th colspan="6">
	Employment
	<br>
	(millions)
	</th>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<th>
	</th>
	<th>
	2010
	</th>
	<th>
	2019
	</th>
	<th>
	2022
	</th>
	<th>
	2023
	</th>
	<th>
	2024
	</th>
	<th>
	2025
	</th>
	<th>
	2010
	</th>
	<th>
	2019
	</th>
	<th>
	2022
	</th>
	<th>
	2023
	</th>
	<th>
	2024
	</th>
	<th>
	2025
	</th>
	</tr>
	</thead>
	<tr>
	<td>
	Africa
	</td>
	<td>
	59.5
	</td>
	<td>
	58.2
	</td>
	<td>
	58.4
	</td>
	<td>
	58.6
	</td>
	<td>
	58.7
	</td>
	<td>
	58.8
	</td>
	<td>
	367
	</td>
	<td>
	458
	</td>
	<td>
	498
	</td>
	<td>
	514
	</td>
	<td>
	529
	</td>
	<td>
	545
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>
	North Africa
	</td>
	<td>
	42.8
	</td>
	<td>
	39.1
	</td>
	<td>
	39.7
	</td>
	<td>
	39.6
	</td>
	<td>
	39.6
	</td>
	<td>
	39.8
	</td>
	<td>
	60
	</td>
	<td>
	65
	</td>
	<td>
	70
	</td>
	<td>
	71
	</td>
	<td>
	72
	</td>
	<td>
	74
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>
	Sub-Saharan Africa
	</td>
	<td>
	64.5
	</td>
	<td>
	63.3
	</td>
	<td>
	63.2
	</td>
	<td>
	63.5
	</td>
	<td>
	63.5
	</td>
	<td>
	63.5
	</td>
	<td>
	307
	</td>
	<td>
	393
	</td>
	<td>
	429
	</td>
	<td>
	443
	</td>
	<td>
	457
	</td>
	<td>
	471
	</td>
	</tr>
	<thead>
	<tr>
	<th>
	</th>
	<th colspan="6">
	Unemployment rate
	<br>
	(percentages)
	</th>
	<th colspan="6">
	Unemployment
	<br>
	(millions)
	</th>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<th>
	</th>
	<th>
	2010
	</th>
	<th>
	2019
	</th>
	<th>
	2022
	</th>
	<th>
	2023
	</th>
	<th>
	2024
	</th>
	<th>
	2025
	</th>
	<th>
	2010
	</th>
	<th>
	2019
	</th>
	<th>
	2022
	</th>
	<th>
	2023
	</th>
	<th>
	2024
	</th>
	<th>
	2025
	</th>
	</tr>
	</thead>
	<tr>
	<td>
	Africa
	</td>
	<td>
	6.7
	</td>
	<td>
	6.8
	</td>
	<td>
	6.7
	</td>
	<td>
	6.6
	</td>
	<td>
	6.6
	</td>
	<td>
	6.5
	</td>
	<td>
	26.2
	</td>
	<td>
	33.2
	</td>
	<td>
	35.8
	</td>
	<td>
	36.4
	</td>
	<td>
	37.1
	</td>
	<td>
	37.7
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>
	North Africa
	</td>
	<td>
	10.5
	</td>
	<td>
	11.4
	</td>
	<td>
	10.9
	</td>
	<td>
	11.3
	</td>
	<td>
	11.3
	</td>
	<td>
	10.9
	</td>
	<td>
	7.0
	</td>
	<td>
	8.3
	</td>
	<td>
	8.5
	</td>
	<td>
	9.0
	</td>
	<td>
	9.2
	</td>
	<td>
	9.1
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>
	Sub-Saharan Africa
	</td>
	<td>
	5.9
	</td>
	<td>
	5.9
	</td>
	<td>
	6.0
	</td>
	<td>
	5.8
	</td>
	<td>
	5.8
	</td>
	<td>
	5.7
	</td>
	<td>
	19.1
	</td>
	<td>
	24.8
	</td>
	<td>
	27.2
	</td>
	<td>
	27.4
	</td>
	<td>
	27.9
	</td>
	<td>
	28.6
	</td>
	</tr>
	<thead>
	<tr>
	<th>
	</th>
	<th colspan="6">
	Labour force participation rate
	<br>
	(percentages)
	</th>
	<th colspan="6">
	Labour force
	<br>
	(millions)
	</th>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<th>
	</th>
	<th>
	2010
	</th>
	<th>
	2019
	</th>
	<th>
	2022
	</th>
	<th>
	2023
	</th>
	<th>
	2024
	</th>
	<th>
	2025
	</th>
	<th>
	2010
	</th>
	<th>
	2019
	</th>
	<th>
	2022
	</th>
	<th>
	2023
	</th>
	<th>
	2024
	</th>
	<th>
	2025
	</th>
	</tr>
	</thead>
	<tr>
	<td>
	Africa
	</td>
	<td>
	63.8
	</td>
	<td>
	62.4
	</td>
	<td>
	62.6
	</td>
	<td>
	62.8
	</td>
	<td>
	62.8
	</td>
	<td>
	62.8
	</td>
	<td>
	393
	</td>
	<td>
	491
	</td>
	<td>
	534
	</td>
	<td>
	550
	</td>
	<td>
	566
	</td>
	<td>
	583
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>
	North Africa
	</td>
	<td>
	47.8
	</td>
	<td>
	44.1
	</td>
	<td>
	44.6
	</td>
	<td>
	44.6
	</td>
	<td>
	44.6
	</td>
	<td>
	44.7
	</td>
	<td>
	67
	</td>
	<td>
	73
	</td>
	<td>
	78
	</td>
	<td>
	80
	</td>
	<td>
	81
	</td>
	<td>
	83
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>
	Sub-Saharan Africa
	</td>
	<td>
	68.5
	</td>
	<td>
	67.3
	</td>
	<td>
	67.2
	</td>
	<td>
	67.4
	</td>
	<td>
	67.4
	</td>
	<td>
	67.4
	</td>
	<td>
	326
	</td>
	<td>
	417
	</td>
	<td>
	456
	</td>
	<td>
	471
	</td>
	<td>
	48
	</td>
	<td>
	500
	</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>

	Source: ILOSTAT, ILO modelled estimates, November 2023.