OTableR/anno/en_42_iea.html

<table>
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th>
   </th>
   <th>
   </th>
   <th>
    Policy option
   </th>
   <th>
    Description
   </th>
   <th>
    Typical size
    <br>
    (USD million)
   </th>
   <th>
    Examples
   </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <td rowspan="3">
    Capex financing
   </td>
   <td>
    1
   </td>
   <td>
    Grants
   </td>
   <td>
    Non-repayable awards, usually to
    <br>
    support capital projects
   </td>
   <td>
    1-100
   </td>
   <td>
    Australia: International Partnerships in Critical Minerals
    <br>
    Grants(AUD 40 milion)
    <br>
    US: DoD grants to Albermarle for lithium production (USD
    <br>
    go milion) and processing plants(USD 150 milion)
   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>
    2
   </td>
   <td>
    Concessional
    <br>
    loans
   </td>
   <td>
    Loans with favourable rates and/or
    <br>
    repayment terms
   </td>
   <td>
    100-1000
   </td>
   <td>
    US: DOE LPO loan to Lithium Americas(USD 2.26 bilion)
   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>
    3
   </td>
   <td>
    Equity
    <br>
    investments
   </td>
   <td>
    Taking stakes in key minerals
    <br>
    projects with risk-sharing
   </td>
   <td>
    10-100
   </td>
   <td>
    France: SGPl investment in equity fund(EUR 500 million)
    <br>
    US: DFC stake in TechMet(USD 75 milion)
    <br>
    Germany: KfW raw materials fund(EUR 1 bilion)
   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td rowspan="2">
    Opex
    <br>
    support
   </td>
   <td>
    4
   </td>
   <td>
    Tax credits
   </td>
   <td>
    Reductions in tax liability in
    <br>
    exchange for investment or
    <br>
    production targets
   </td>
   <td rowspan="2">
    N/A
   </td>
   <td>
    US: Inflation Reduction Act 45X(10% of production cost)
   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>
    5
   </td>
   <td>
    Reduced
    <br>
    royalties
   </td>
   <td>
    Increasing the operating income
    <br>
    margin of the asset
   </td>
   <td>
    Australia: Western Australia nickel royalty assistance
    <br>
    programme(50% rebate for 18 months)
   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td rowspan="3">
    Risk mitigation
   </td>
   <td>
    6
   </td>
   <td>
    Loan
    <br>
    guarantees
   </td>
   <td>
    Sovereign guarantees on private
    <br>
    loans to reduce lender risk
   </td>
   <td>
    10-100
   </td>
   <td>
    Canada: Indigenous loan guarantee programme(CAD 5
    <br>
    bilion)
   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>
    7
   </td>
   <td>
    Insurance
    <br>
    products
   </td>
   <td>
    Protection against risks that may not
    <br>
    be covered by commercial insurers
   </td>
   <td>
    10-100
   </td>
   <td>
    Japan: Loan insurance for procurement and equity
    <br>
    investment
   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>
    8
   </td>
   <td>
    Interest rate
    <br>
    reduction
   </td>
   <td>
    Directly lowering the cost of debt for
    <br>
    borrowers
   </td>
   <td>
    N/A
   </td>
   <td>
    Korea: KEXIM to lower rates for strategic industries
    <br>
    including batteries, by up to 120 bps
   </td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>