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  {
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- "title": "Snow Water Equivalent Forecasting Training Data",
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- "description": "This dataset contains information about snow water equivalent, temperature, precipitation, wind speed, relative humidity, and related climate variables across different locations and time periods. It includes daily observations and derived variables for hydrological and climate analysis.",
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- "year": 2024,
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- "authors": [
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- "Ziheng Sun",
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- "Justin Pflug",
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- "Nicoleta Cristea",
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- "Gokul Prathin Asamani",
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- "Keenan Ganz",
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- "Millie Spencer",
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- "Kehan Yang",
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- "Mahboubeh Bousshagh",
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- "Juan S. Acero Triana",
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- "Bonan Li",
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- "Rebecca Gustine"
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- ],
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- "columns": [
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- {"name": "date", "type": "object", "unit": "-", "description": "Date of the observation."},
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- {"name": "lat", "type": "float64", "unit": "Degrees", "description": "Latitude of the observation location."},
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- {"name": "lon", "type": "float64", "unit": "Degrees", "description": "Longitude of the observation location."},
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- {"name": "SWE", "type": "float64", "unit": "Inches", "description": "Snow water equivalent at the observation point."},
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- {"name": "station_name", "type": "object", "unit": "-", "description": "Name of the observation station."},
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- {"name": "swe_value", "type": "float64", "unit": "Inches", "description": "Measured value of SWE."},
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- {"name": "change_in_swe_inch", "type": "float64", "unit": "Inches", "description": "Change in SWE in inches."},
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- {"name": "snow_depth", "type": "float64", "unit": "Inches", "description": "Depth of the snow at the observation site."},
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- {"name": "air_temperature_observed_f", "type": "float64", "unit": "Fahrenheit", "description": "Observed air temperature."},
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- {"name": "precipitation_amount", "type": "float64", "unit": "Inches", "description": "Amount of precipitation recorded."},
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- {"name": "relative_humidity_rmin", "type": "float64", "unit": "Percentage", "description": "Minimum relative humidity recorded."},
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- {"name": "potential_evapotranspiration", "type": "float64", "unit": "Inches/day", "description": "Potential rate of evaporation and transpiration."},
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- {"name": "air_temperature_tmmx", "type": "float64", "unit": "Fahrenheit", "description": "Maximum air temperature recorded."},
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- {"name": "relative_humidity_rmax", "type": "float64", "unit": "Percentage", "description": "Maximum relative humidity recorded."},
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- {"name": "mean_vapor_pressure_deficit", "type": "float64", "unit": "kPa", "description": "Mean vapor pressure deficit."},
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- {"name": "air_temperature_tmmn", "type": "float64", "unit": "Fahrenheit", "description": "Minimum air temperature recorded."},
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- {"name": "wind_speed", "type": "float64", "unit": "m/s", "description": "Wind speed at the observation location."},
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- {"name": "Elevation", "type": "float64", "unit": "Meters", "description": "Elevation of the observation site."},
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- {"name": "Aspect", "type": "float64", "unit": "Degrees", "description": "Compass direction the slope faces."},
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- {"name": "Curvature", "type": "float64", "unit": "-", "description": "Terrain curvature at the observation site."},
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- {"name": "Northness", "type": "float64", "unit": "-", "description": "Degree of orientation towards the north."},
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- {"name": "Eastness", "type": "float64", "unit": "-", "description": "Degree of orientation towards the east."},
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- {"name": "fsca", "type": "float64", "unit": "Percentage", "description": "Fractional snow-covered area."},
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- {"name": "Slope", "type": "float64", "unit": "Degrees", "description": "Angle of the slope at the site."},
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- {"name": "water_year", "type": "int64", "unit": "-", "description": "Water year associated with the data."},
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- {"name": "cumulative_SWE", "type": "float64", "unit": "Inches", "description": "Cumulative SWE over a specific time period."},
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- {"name": "cumulative_air_temperature_tmmn", "type": "float64", "unit": "Fahrenheit", "description": "Cumulative minimum air temperature over a specific time period."},
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- {"name": "cumulative_potential_evapotranspiration", "type": "float64", "unit": "Inches/day", "description": "Cumulative potential evapotranspiration."},
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- {"name": "cumulative_mean_vapor_pressure_deficit", "type": "float64", "unit": "kPa", "description": "Cumulative mean vapor pressure deficit."},
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- {"name": "cumulative_relative_humidity_rmax", "type": "float64", "unit": "Percentage", "description": "Cumulative maximum relative humidity."},
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- {"name": "cumulative_relative_humidity_rmin", "type": "float64", "unit": "Percentage", "description": "Cumulative minimum relative humidity."},
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- {"name": "cumulative_precipitation_amount", "type": "float64", "unit": "Inches", "description": "Cumulative precipitation amount."},
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- {"name": "cumulative_air_temperature_tmmx", "type": "float64", "unit": "Fahrenheit", "description": "Cumulative maximum air temperature."},
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- {"name": "cumulative_wind_speed", "type": "float64", "unit": "m/s", "description": "Cumulative wind speed."},
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- {"name": "cumulative_fsca", "type": "float64", "unit": "Percentage", "description": "Cumulative fractional snow-covered area."}
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- ],
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- "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
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- "related_conference_abstract": "Sun, Ziheng, Nicoleta Cristea, Justin M. Pflug, Annie Burgess, et al. “Operational Monitoring of Snow Water Equivalent in the Western US Using Machine Learning and Remote Sensing.” In Geological Society of America Abstracts, vol. 56, p. 402442. 2024"
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  }
 
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  {
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+ "license": "cc-by-4.0",
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+ "language": [
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+ "en"
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+ ],
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+ "pretty_name": "Snow Water Equivalent Forecasting Training Data",
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+ "description": "This dataset contains information about snow water equivalent (SWE), temperature, precipitation, wind speed, relative humidity, and related climate variables across different locations and time periods. It includes daily observations and derived variables for hydrological and climate analysis.",
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+ "authors": [
9
+ "Ziheng Sun",
10
+ "Justin Pflug",
11
+ "Nicoleta Cristea",
12
+ "Gokul Prathin Asamani",
13
+ "Keenan Ganz",
14
+ "Millie Spencer",
15
+ "Kehan Yang",
16
+ "Mahboubeh Bousshagh",
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+ "Juan S. Acero Triana",
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+ "Bonan Li",
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+ "Rebecca Gustine"
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+ ],
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+ "year": 2024,
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+ "data_provenance": {
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+ "SNOTEL": {
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+ "columns": [
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+ "station_name",
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+ "swe_value",
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+ "change_in_swe_inch",
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+ "snow_depth",
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+ "air_temperature_observed_f",
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+ "precipitation_amount"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ "GridMET": {
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+ "columns": [
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+ "relative_humidity_rmin",
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+ "potential_evapotranspiration",
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+ "air_temperature_tmmx",
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+ "relative_humidity_rmax",
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+ "mean_vapor_pressure_deficit",
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+ "air_temperature_tmmn",
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+ "wind_speed"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ "USGS SRTM": {
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+ "columns": [
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+ "Elevation",
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+ "Aspect",
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+ "Curvature",
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+ "Northness",
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+ "Eastness"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ "MODIS fSCA": {
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+ "columns": [
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+ "fsca"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ },
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+ "data_processing": {
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+ "cumulative_metrics": "Metrics with cumulative prefixes (e.g., `cumulative_relative_humidity_rmax`) start accumulating data from the previous water year, typically beginning on October 1.",
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+ "smoothing": "Several columns underwent a smoothing process to fill gaps in missing data, including `SWE`, `air_temperature_observed_f`, `precipitation_amount`, `relative_humidity_rmin`, `relative_humidity_rmax`, and `mean_vapor_pressure_deficit`."
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+ },
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+ "data_sources": {
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+ "SNOTEL": "https://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/snow/",
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+ "GridMET": "http://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html",
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+ "USGS SRTM": "https://www.usgs.gov/",
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+ "MODIS fSCA": "https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/"
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+ },
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+ "columns": [
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+ {
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+ "name": "date",
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+ "unit": "-",
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+ "data_type": "Object",
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+ "description": "Date of the observation."
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "name": "lat",
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+ "unit": "Degrees",
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+ "data_type": "Float64",
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+ "description": "Latitude of the observation location."
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "name": "lon",
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+ "unit": "Degrees",
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+ "data_type": "Float64",
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+ "description": "Longitude of the observation location."
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "name": "SWE",
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+ "unit": "Inches",
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+ "data_type": "Float64",
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+ "description": "Snow water equivalent at the observation point."
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "name": "cumulative_SWE",
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+ "unit": "Inches",
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+ "data_type": "Float64",
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+ "description": "Cumulative SWE over a specific time period starting from October 1."
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "name": "relative_humidity_rmin",
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+ "unit": "Percentage",
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+ "data_type": "Float64",
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+ "description": "Minimum relative humidity recorded."
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "name": "fsca",
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+ "unit": "Percentage",
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+ "data_type": "Float64",
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+ "description": "Fractional snow-covered area."
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "name": "wind_speed",
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+ "unit": "m/s",
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+ "data_type": "Float64",
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+ "description": "Wind speed at the observation location."
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+ }
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+ // Add more columns as needed following the same structure
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+ ],
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+ "citation": {
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+ "author": "{Geoweaver}",
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+ "title": "SnowWaterEquivalent_trainingdata",
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+ "year": 2025,
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+ "url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/Geoweaver/SnowWaterEquivalent_trainingdata",
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+ "doi": "10.57967/hf/4179",
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+ "publisher": "Hugging Face"
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+ }
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  }