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PMC3872579
a recent systematic analysis showed that in 2011 , 314 ( 296 - 331 ) million children younger than 5 years were mildly , moderately or severely stunted and 258 ( 240 - 274 ) million were mildly , moderately or severely underweight in the developing countries . in iran a study among 752 high school girls in sistan and b...
background : the present study was carried out to assess the effects of community nutrition intervention based on advocacy approach on malnutrition status among school - aged children in shiraz , iran.materials and methods : this case - control nutritional intervention has been done between 2008 and 2009 on 2897 prima...
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants Instruments Procedure First step Second step Third step Forth step Interventions Fifth step (assessment) Data analysis RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSION
PMC5330001
tardive dystonia ( td ) , a rarer side effect after longer exposure to antipsychotics , is characterized by local or general , sustained , involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscle group , with twisting movements , generally slow , which may affect the limbs , trunk , neck , or face . td has been shown to develop i...
tardive dystonia ( td ) is a serious side effect of antipsychotic medications , more with typical antipsychotics , that is potentially irreversible in affected patients . studies show that newer atypical antipsychotics have a lower risk of td . as a result , many clinicians may have developed a false sense of securi...
INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT DISCUSSION Declaration of patient consent Financial support and sponsorship Conflicts of interest
PMC4301082
the guanine heterocyclic ring is rich in chemical reactivity toward oxidants and adduct - forming species . in dna , 2-deoxyguanosine ( dg , mass = m ) is the chief site for base oxidation due to its low redox potential leading to many products that are characterized by their mass signatures . the principal p...
upon oxidation of the heterocyclic ring in 2-deoxyguanosine ( dg ) , the initial electrophilic intermediate displays a wide range of reactivities with nucleophiles leading to many downstream products . in the present study , the product profiles were mapped when aqueous solutions of dg were allowed to reac...
Introduction Results and Discussion Conclusion Experimental Section
PMC4483387
ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion ( df prom ) measurements are performed in the field of physical therapy to estimate ankle motion during functional activities1 and to prevent lower extremity injuries2 . although in the clinical setting , ankle df prom is frequently measured under non - weight - bearing ( ...
[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gastrocnemius stretching combined with talocrural joint mobilization on weight - bearing ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion . [ subjects ] eleven male subjects with bilateral limited ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion with k...
INTRODUCTION SUBJECTS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION
PMC2671006
in the past 15 years , green fluorescent protein ( gfp ) has changed from a nearly unknown protein to a commonly used molecular imaging tool in biology , chemistry , genetics , and medicine . in 2006 , more than 10 000 papers gfps and gfp - like proteins ( i.e. , chromoproteins and fluorescent proteins ) are particula...
green fluorescent protein ( gfp ) and gfp - like fluorescent proteins owe their photophysical properties to an autocatalytically formed intrinsic chromophore . according to quantum mechanical calculations , the excited state of chromophore model systems has significant dihedral freedom , which may lead to fluorescen...
Introduction Experimental Section Results and Discussion Conclusion
PMC3279530
an expanded research design and methods section and supplementary figures can be found in an online data supplement available at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/db09-1293/dc1 . details on glucose and insulin tolerance testing , plasma insulin level determination , lipid metabolite measurement , me...
objectiveit has been proposed that skeletal muscle insulin resistance arises from the accumulation of intramyocellular lipid metabolites that impede insulin signaling , including diacylglycerol and ceramide . we determined the role of de novo ceramide synthesis in mediating muscle insulin resistance.research design ...
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS RESULTS Chronic high-fat feeding results in dramatic weight gain, whole-body insulin resistance, and altered substrate preference. Inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis via pharmacological inhibition of SPT1 reverses diet-induced insulin resistance. Inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesi...
PMC4989426
. they can be caused by mutations in nuclear genes either relating to mitochondrial components or mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) . the prevalence of mitochondrial diseases due to mutations in mtdna and related nuclear genes is estimated to be 1 in 5000 . mutations in mtdna are much higher than those in the related nuclear...
background : mitochondrial diseases are a group of energy metabolic disorders with multisystem involvements . variable clinical features present a major challenge in pediatric diagnoses . we summarized the clinical spectrum of m.3243a > g mutation in chinese pediatric patients , to define the common clinical manif...
I M Subjects Mitochondrial DNA analysis Statistic analysis R Clinical features of patients Correlation between m.3243A>G mutation ratio and onset age Clinical symptom frequency of patients with different mutation ratio D Financial support and sponsorship Conflicts of interest
PMC2811487
to review the current knowledge about nonpharmacologic approaches in the prevention and early treatment of type 2 diabetes . this study reviewed the research reports dealing with nonpharmacologic interventions aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes with early lifestyle interventions . the results from the randomized contr...
objectiveto review the current knowledge about nonpharmacologic approaches in the prevention and early treatment of type 2 diabetes.research design and methodsthis study reviewed the research reports dealing with nonpharmacologic interventions aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes with early lifestyle interventions.resu...
OBJECTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSIONS LIFESTYLE TRIALS IN PEOPLE WITH IGT TO PREVENT PROGRESSION TO TYPE 2 DIABETES LONG-TERM EFFECTIVENESS OF LIFESTYLE PREVENTION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN PEOPLE WITH IGT CLINICAL TRIAL EVIDENCE OF THE EFFECT OF LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON TYPE 2 DIABETES RISK COMMENT
PMC2870931
over the past decade , protein separation techniques and peptide analysis by mass spectrometry have greatly improved , and qualitative and quantitative proteome comparisons have become powerful tools for defining the composition of complex proteomes and the functions of protein complexes.(1 ) current ion trap mass spec...
in - depth , reproducible coverage of complex proteomes is challenging because the complexity of tryptic digests subjected to lc - ms / ms analysis frequently exceeds mass spectrometer analytical capacity , which results in undersampling of data . in this study , we used cancer cell lysates to systematically compare...
Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion
PMC1470015
octane - enhancing constituents of gasoline pose a number of health hazards . this paper considers the relative risks of metallic ( lead , manganese ) , aromatic ( e.g. , benzene ) , and oxygenated additives in both industrialized and developing countries . technological advances , particularly in industrialized cou...
Images
PMC3782582
the study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of kim 's eye hospital , seoul , korea . all participants provided informed consent prior to enrollment and all procedures conformed to the guidelines of the declaration of helsinki . from june 2006 to july 2011 , 134 eyes from 132 patients who underwent...
purposeto compare the success rates , complications , and visual outcomes between silicone ahmed glaucoma valve ( agv ) implantation with 96 mm2 ( fp8 ) or 184 mm2 ( fp7 ) surface areas.methodsthis study is a retrospective review of the records from 132 adult patients ( 134 eyes ) that underwent silicone agv implant s...
Materials and Methods Participants Surgical procedures Statistical analyses Results Discussion
PMC4755996
the amateur wrestling community and maybe the entire sports community across the world were shocked by the deaths of 3 college wresters in the usa in six weeks in 1997 . the deaths of the athletes were attributed by autopsy to weight - loss performed in a short time the victims having undergone dehydration of up ...
[ purpose ] the present study aimed to identify weight - loss and hydration levels before competitions among elite wrestlers and determine the skeletal muscle damage and inflammation levels after dehydration . [ subjects ] seventy - two elite wrestlers who participated in the turkish wrestling championship . [...
INTRODUCTION SUBJECTS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION
PMC4499994
in japan , elderly individuals defined as people aged 65 years or more are known to account for more than 25% of the population . as people age , there is a concomitant decrease in muscle strength1 . this age - related change affects their ability to walk2 . as the ability to walk of the elderly decreases , th...
[ purpose ] this study examined the relationships between joint moment and the control of the vertical ground reaction force during walking in the elderly and young male and female individuals . [ subjects and methods ] forty elderly people , 65 years old or older ( 20 males and 20 females ) , and 40 young peop...
INTRODUCTION SUBJECTS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION
PMC4493289
hepatitis e virus ( hev ) is a nonenveloped , single stranded rna virus which belongs to the hepeviridae family . hev is a causative agent for acute hepatitis in one - third of the world 's population and fulminant hepatitis in pregnant women . the virion is relatively resistant to environmental conditions and remain...
background . knowledge regarding prevalence of hev in general population can be an indicator of the public health and hygiene . therefore , this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of hev among adults in south - west of iran . methods . blood samples were taken from 510 participants , 206 ( 40.4% ) ...
1. Introduction 2. Material and Methods 3. Results 4. Discussion 5. Conclusion
PMC3396243
with the announcement on 26 october 2011 that eli lilly and company ( indianapolis , in , usa ) was withdrawing drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) from the worldwide market , we witnessed the end of the only drug specifically approved for sepsis . the move was prompted by the failure of prowess - shock , a large internatio...
following the failure of prowess - shock to demonstrate efficacy , eli lilly and company withdrew drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) from the worldwide market . drotrecogin was initially approved after the original trial , prowess , was stopped early for overwhelming efficacy . these events prompt consideration of bot...
None First, was the initial decision to approve drotrecogin wrong? Second, was the decision to withdraw drotrecogin too hasty? Next steps Abbreviations Competing interests Acknowledgements
PMC4908242
dkk1 is a 29 kda secreted protein belonging to the dickkopf ( dkk ) family , which comprises four main glycoproteins in vertebrates ( dkk1 - 4 ) . dkk1 has been identified as a potent inhibitor of the canonical wnt signaling due to its ability to bind to the wnt coreceptor lrp5/6 , thus blocking the canonical wnt/-cat...
background . dkk1 antagonizes canonical wnt signalling through high - affinity binding to lrp5/6 , an essential component of the wnt receptor complex responsible for mediating downstream canonical wnt signalling . dkk1 overexpression is known for its pathological implications in osteoporosis , cancer , and neuro...
1. Background 2. Methods 3. Results 4. Discussion
PMC5040587
this case is more unusual , as the patient was a known case of recurrent patellar dislocation and presented with an atraumatic locked and vertically rotated patellar dislocation . this type of presentation has never been reported in literature to the best of our knowledge . a 14-year - old healthy male child with previ...
introduction : locked vertical patellar dislocations are rare and pose a therapeutic challenge . this case is more unusual , as the patient was a known case of recurrent patellar dislocation and presented with an atraumatic locked and vertically rotated patellar dislocation . this type of presentation has never be...
Introduction: Case presentation: Conclusion: Introduction Case Presentation Discussion Conclusion
PMC3866000
between 1903 and 1906 , oswaldo cruz , director - general of public health , had devoted his energies to improving sanitary conditions in rio de janeiro , a government priority under the administration of francisco de paula rodrigues alves ( 19026 ) . if yellow fever put a damper on the country s business prospects and...
this article addresses the discussion about quinine - resistant malaria plasmodium in the early decades of the twentieth century . observed by arthur neiva in rio de janeiro in 1907 , the biological and social resistance of malaria sufferers to preventive and curative treatment with quinine was corroborated three ye...
Malaria Campaigns in Brazil and Resistance to Quinine German Medical Doctors Prove Malaria Resistance Malaria During the First World War: Quinine Resistance on the German Medical and Scientific Agenda Ernst Rodenwalt and Quinine Resistance in the Light of Modern Genetics Concluding Remarks
PMC4363823
posterior vitreous detachment ( pvd ) is a common phenomenon frequently related with aging of ocular structures . the presence of persistent vitreomacular adhesions exerting tractional forces ( vitreomacular traction , vmt ) may be associated with the development of macular hole ( mh ) [ 2 , 3 ] . these alterations in ...
the paper presents a review of the sequence of events of posterior vitreous detachment ( pvd ) , vitreomacular adhesion ( vma ) , vitreomacular traction ( vmt ) , and macular hole ( mh ) from their pathophysiological aspects , clinical features , diagnostic implications , and current management strategies . a treatm...
1. Introduction 2. Diagnosis, Definition, and Classification of VMT and MH 3. Treatment Options 4. Practical Considerations: Therapeutic Algorithm 5. Conclusions
PMC3021274
laparoscopic pyelolithotomy was successfully performed in a pelvic kidney with an operative time of 310 minutes . the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy and a semi - automatic suturing device greatly facilitated the procedure . the patient 's operative pain was managed with 3 doses of ketorolac ; she resumed a regular d...
the anatomical characteristics of an ectopic kidney can pose significant challenges to the treatment of calculous disease . this report examines the feasibility of a laparoscopic approach for management of a large renal calculous in a pelvic kidney and reviews current literature regarding this subject .
Background and Objectives: Methods and Results: Conclusions: INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT DISCUSSION
PMC5376308
malaria , which is caused by a protozoan parasite of the plasmodium genus , represents a serious global health concern given that nearly half of the world population is at risk of infection ( who , 2014 ) . although several anti - malarial drugs for treating the symptomatic stage ( or blood stage ) of malarial infectio...
chloroquine , long the default first - line treatment against malaria , is now abandoned in large parts of the world because of widespread drug - resistance in plasmodium falciparum . in spite of its importance as a cost - effective and efficient drug , a coherent understanding of the cellular mechanisms affected by c...
Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Limitations of the current study Conclusion
PMC3401724
situs inversus totalis , a congenital anomaly present in approximately 0.01% of the population , results in complete mirror - image reversal of all the thoracic and abdominal organs . the laparoscopic literature has several reports of successful bariatric procedures in patients with situs inversus despite the extremely...
while several equivalent alternatives are available in the bariatric algorithm , more recently the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( sg ) has been gaining traction as an effective means of weight loss in patients with morbid obesity . we present the case of a 39-year - old woman with situs inversus totalis , who was...
INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT Operation Postoperative DISCUSSION CONCLUSION
PMC3085755
current techniques in acl surgery have been associated with satisfactory long - term results in the majority of patients . however , there remains a considerable subset , up to 30% of patients , with unsatisfactory outcomes [ 2 , 7 ] . specifically , patients report problems relating to rotational instability and retur...
in order to describe the arthroscopic presence of the double bundle structure and to evaluate the value of different portals in knee arthroscopy , we assessed the am and pl bundle anatomy . we prospectively examined the knees of 60 patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery for pathology unrelated to the acl . arthr...
Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Conclusion
PMC4499988
abnormal knee kinematics are considered to be an important factor influencing the long - term outcomes after cruciate ligament injuries1,2,3 . in order to improve long - term outcomes of treatments for the patients with cruciate ligament injuries , therefore , it is important to precisely evaluate the kinematic...
[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to determine the normal range of the side - to - side difference in three dimensional knee kinematics measured by the point cluster technique ( pct ) . [ subjects ] the subjects were twenty - one healthy normal volunteers without knee pain or an episode of injury to th...
INTRODUCTION SUBJECTS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION
PMC4378297
grounding or earthing refers to direct skin contact with the surface of the earth , such as with bare feet or hands , or with various grounding systems . subjective reports that walking barefoot on the earth enhances health and provides feelings of well - being can be found in the literature and practices of diverse cu...
multi - disciplinary research has revealed that electrically conductive contact of the human body with the surface of the earth ( grounding or earthing ) produces intriguing effects on physiology and health . such effects relate to inflammation , immune responses , wound healing , and prevention and treatment of chr...
Introduction Summary of findings to date Effects on sleep Effects on pain and the immune response Anatomical and biophysical aspects Discussion Conclusion
PMC3687268
this study combines four coordinated protocols sharing the same dias artificial pancreas technology conducted at the universities of padova ( italy ) and montpellier ( france ) , the university of virginia ( uva ) , and the sansum diabetes research institute , santa barbara , california . to test whether a smart phone ...
objectiveto evaluate the feasibility of a wearable artificial pancreas system , the diabetes assistant ( dias ) , which uses a smart phone as a closed - loop control platform.research design and methodstwenty patients with type 1 diabetes were enrolled at the universities of padova , montpellier , and virginia and at ...
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects Procedure Safety Technology User interface Control strategy Remote monitoring Statistical analysis RESULTS Human factors and usability System and component performance Performance of the control algorithm Utility of remote monitoring Clinical events CONCLUSIONS
PMC3024374
participants for this study were recruited from two urban areas ( yaound , the capital city of cameroon , and bamenda , the capital city of the north western region ) and two rural areas ( mbankomo and bafut ) of cameroon . the inhabitants of the urban sites are mainly middle - class public or private sector workers or...
objectivewe examined the independent associations between objectively measured free - living physical activity energy expenditure ( paee ) and the metabolic syndrome in adults in rural and urban cameroon.research design and methodspaee was measured in 552 rural and urban dwellers using combined heart rate and movement...
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Physical activity measurement Anthropometry and clinical measures Metabolic syndrome and clustered metabolic risk score Biochemical assays Calculations and statistical analyses RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
PMC3317592
cyclic organic structures comprise a wide variety of interesting examples in strained , distorted , bent , and sterically hindered molecular systems in nanoscience . these structures have fascinated chemists for several decades not only because of their unique chemical bonding but also because of the potential to tailo...
the electronic structure and size - scaling of optoelectronic properties in cycloparaphenylene carbon nanorings are investigated using time - dependent density functional theory ( tddft ) . the tddft calculations on these molecular nanostructures indicate that the lowest excitation energy surprisingly becomes larger...
Introduction Theory and Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion
PMC5213806
in the recent past , even many historians of medicine and science have endorsed the widespread belief that the exodus of central european scientists and physicians during the nazi period could readily be described in terms of a linear equation of the subtractions and additions of intellect . this common interpretation ...
abstractthis article is a historiographical exploration of the special forms of knowledge generation and knowledge transmission that occur along local cultural boundaries in the modern neurosciences . following the inauguration of the so - called law on the re - establishment of a professional civil service in naz...
Introduction Situating a cultural view in the historiography of forced migration in the neurosciences From neuropathology to psychoanalytic psychiatry and medical education: The case example of Karl Stern From clinical neurology and psychiatry to public mental health: The case example of Robert Weil From brain psychiat...
PMC1637882
epidemiologic studies of the link between particulate matter ( pm ) concentrations and mortality rates have yielded a range of estimates , leading to disagreement about the magnitude of the relationship and the strength of the causal connection . previous meta - analyses of this literature have provided pooled effec...
Images
PMC5260590
hurling is a stick and ball invasion field sport native to ireland ( reilly and collins , 2008 ) . the movement profile of players is stochastic in nature , where the timing of high speed running follows the ebb and flow of competitive play ( reilly and collins , 2008 ) . despite its spectator popularity very few resea...
abstractthe current study aimed to assess the relationship between the hurling player s fitness profile and integrated training load ( tl ) metrics . twenty - five hurling players performed treadmill testing for vo2max , the speed at blood lactate concentrations of 2 mmoll-1 ( vlt ) and 4 mmoll-1 ( vobla ) and the h...
Introduction Material and Methods Participants Procedures Statistical Analysis Results Discussion Conclusions
PMC3899549
fistula - in - ano is an abnormal hollow tract lined by unhealthy granulation tissue connecting a primary opening in the anal canal to a secondary opening in the perianal skin . the fistula tract may be single or multiple and may extend from the same primary opening . it is nearly always caused by a previous anorectal ...
background : fistula - in - ano when complicated by fournier 's gangrene is an unusual finding and always carries high morbidity . this study details our experience in managing 10 cases.methods of study : case files of all patients managed in university of maiduguri teaching hospital and federal medical center of yo...
I M R D C
PMC4745447
bacteriocins are toxins produced by the bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strain(s ) during stress conditions . they are structurally , functionally , and ecologically diverse , produced by almost all major lineages of eubacteria and archaebacteria . ribosomal encoded bacteriocins a...
xenorhabdus nematophila , a gram - negative bacterium belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae is a natural symbiont of a soil nematode from the family steinernematidae . in this study cloning , expression , and purification of broad range iron regulated multidomain bacteriocin called xenocin from x. nematophila...
1. Introduction 2. Material and Methods 3. Results 4. Discussion
PMC3836686
in an era of finite resources and ever - increasing medical possibilities , every health care system faces challenges in determining which new health technologies , including medical devices , should be introduced into clinical practice.1 while technology can improve safety2 and have other benefits , it can also bring ...
purposeintroducing new health technologies , including medical devices , into a local setting in a safe , effective , and transparent manner is a complex process , involving many disciplines and players within an organization . decision making should be systematic , consistent , and transparent . it should involve...
Introduction Materials and methods Setting and overview Set-up phase Review and adaptation phase Finalization phase Results Set-up phase Review and adaptation phase Finalization phase Discussion Conclusion
PMC1160143
rna can play an important functional role in catalysis , e.g. ribozymes are rna enzymes that cleave rna phosphodiester bonds at specific sites ( 1 ) ; see ( 2 ) for an overview of potential therapeutic applications of ribozymes to cleave mrnas of oncogenes ( ras or bcr - abl ) and viral transcripts ( hiv-1 ) , to overc...
rnaomics , analogous to proteomics , concerns aspects of the secondary and tertiary structure , folding pathway , kinetics , comparison , function and regulation of all rna in a living organism . given recently discovered roles played by micro rna , small interfering rna , riboswitches , ribozymes , etc . , it is impo...
INTRODUCTION METHODS Definition WEB SERVER DISCUSSION Figures and Tables
PMC3888764
the national diabetes epidemic continues to expand , with about 1.6 million new cases each year and an overall prevalence of 23.6 million people . additional 57 million american adults are at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) . the annual diagnosed diabetes incidence is projected to almost double from 8 ...
aims . preoperative diabetic and glycemic screening may or may not be cost effective . although hyperglycemia is known to compromise surgical outcomes , the effect of a diabetic diagnosis on outcomes is poorly known . we examine the effect of diabetes on outcomes for general and vascular surgery patients . metho...
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results 4. Discussion 5. Conclusion
PMC5098515
the emergency care system in denmark has been reorganized during recent years , and a danish quality database on emergency care has been established to assess , monitor , and improve quality . the danish quality database for prehospital emergency medical services ( qems ) is one of the three national sub - databases . ...
aim of databasethe aim of the danish quality database for prehospital emergency medical services ( qems ) is to assess , monitor , and improve the quality of prehospital emergency medical service care in the entire prehospital patient pathway . the aim of this review is to describe the design and the implementation ...
Background and aim of database Setting Study population Quality indicators Main variables Follow-up Examples of research Administrative issues and funding Conclusion
PMC4248536
however , it has not been reported with fluoroscopically - guided endovascular procedures.the rapidly proliferating keratinocytes in the hair matrix are most sensitive to radiation . the insult damages the keratinocytes , which results in thin , weakened hair shaft that is susceptible to trauma.complete hair re - growt...
a 47-year - old indian woman with dark hair developed dramatic alopecia of the occipito - vertical area two weeks after a fluoroscopically - guided endovascular procedure for treatment of cerebral aneurysm . there was spontaneous repopulation of hair in 14 weeks . neuro - radiological intervention procedures are b...
Introduction Case Report Discussion
PMC4831500
the optimal time of catheter removal following radical prostatectomy ( rp ) is not defined . from a patient 's perspective , early removal of the urinary catheter is desirable due to catheter - related discomfort , penile pain , bladder irritation / spasm , pericatheter urine leaks , etc . , however , the surgeon 's co...
introduction : with the improvement in anastomotic technique , it is rare to find anastomotic site leak after robot - assisted radical prostatectomy ( rarp ) . it may not always be necessary to do regular check cystogram before catheter removal . we evaluated our 230 consecutive rarp patients and their cystograms ...
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSION None Financial support and sponsorship Conflicts of interest
PMC3337872
nutcracker syndrome is generally referred to as the compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta ( 1 ) . this compression leads to lrv hypertension and results in direct communication of the renal vein with the calyceal cavity and the varicosities of the collateral pathway of the ...
various anatomic anomalies have been considered the causes of nutcracker syndrome ( ncs ) . posterior ncs refers to the condition , in which vascular narrowing was secondary to the compression of the retroaortic left renal vein while it is crossing between the aorta and the vertebral column . here , we report an unu...
INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT DISCUSSION
PMC1538886
one important and interesting problem in genome research is the prediction of transcription factor binding sites ( tfbss ) . binding of transcription factors to their dna binding sites in the regulatory region of a gene is a prerequisite for its activation or repression . the combinatorial presence of tfbss controls ge...
variable order markov models and variable order bayesian trees have been proposed for the recognition of transcription factor binding sites , and it could be demonstrated that they outperform traditional models , such as position weight matrices , markov models and bayesian trees . we develop a web server for the re...
INTRODUCTION ALGORITHM INPUT AND OUTPUT Training a model Predicting putative transcription factor binding sites Cross-validation SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Figures and Tables
PMC4770306
bromodomains are epigenetic readers that specifically recognize acetyl - lysine ( kac ) marks on proteins . targeting this protein interaction module with small molecules has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of several diseases including cancer and inflammation . to date ...
the p300/cbp - associated factor plays a central role in retroviral infection and cancer development , and the c - terminal bromodomain provides an opportunity for selective targeting . here , we report several new classes of acetyl - lysine mimetic ligands ranging from mm to low micromolar affinity that w...
Introduction Results and Discussion Conclusion Experimental Section
PMC3157863
in order to select dna fragments of interest to be purified , these should be resolved in agarose or acrylamide gels gel stained with ethidium bromide by electrophoresis using 0.5x tbe buffer ( tris borate , edta ) at 120 volts for 1 hour . for this , ~ 700 ng of plasmid pproex - gdmre11s ( 6000-bp ) previously digeste...
purified dna fragments are used for different purposes in molecular biology and they can be prepared by several procedures . most of them require a previous electrophoresis of the dna fragments in order to separate the band of interest . then , this band is excised out from an agarose or acrylamide gel and purified ...
Protocol Discussion Disclosures
PMC3609559
if mitochondrial deficiency causes insulin resistance it must occur before the onset of the insulin resistance . it does not seem possible to answer the question of whether or not mitochondrial deficiency precedes insulin resistance in humans , because t2 dm patients and obese insulin resistant individuals are insulin ...
based on evidence that patients with type 2 diabetes ( t2 dm ) , obese insulin - resistant individuals , and lean insulin - resistant offspring of parents with t2 dm have 30% less mitochondria in their muscles than lean control subjects , it appears to be widely accepted that mitochondrial deficiency is responsibl...
DOES A REDUCTION IN MITOCHONDRIA PRECEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSULIN RESISTANCE? DOES A REDUCTION IN MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIA CAUSE INSULIN RESISTANCE? DOES MITOCHONDRIAL DEFICIENCY DECREASE FAT OXIDATION IN T2DM PATIENTS AND INSULIN-RESISTANT OBESE INDIVIDUALS?
PMC2989867
the term parkinson 's disease refers to a neurodegenerative disease that affects several regions of the brain , including the pigmented nuclei in midbrain and brainstem , the olfactory tubercle , the cerebral cortex , and elements of the peripheral nervous system . parkinson 's disease was first described in a medica...
parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases which we can by certainty identify its pathology , however , this confidence disappeares when talking about the cause . a long history of trials , suggestions , and theories tried linking pd to a specific causation . in this paper , a new suggest...
1. Introduction 2. Historical Background 3. Environment, Genetics, and PD 4. Conclusion
PMC4932075
however , insufficient body water due to continuous dehydration caused by prolonged exercise leads to a decrease in plasma volume and cardiac output and an increase in plasma osmolarity and core temperature1 , 2 . furthermore , inefficient heat dispersion caused by a decreased rate of blood flow to the skin can...
[ purpose ] the present study investigated the effects of wearing germanium - coated functional clothing on tympanic temperature , thermal sensation , heat shock protein 70 ( hsp70 ) , and lactate during endurance exercise . [ subjects and methods ] nine healthy and untrained male subjects were enrolled . subj...
INTRODUCTION SUBJECTS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION
PMC3600345
being a primary care professional ( pcp ) means being at the forefront of managing chronic , complex , and difficult areas of health . working with patients who have cancer , those who are dying and those who experience or have experienced family and/or sexual violence can be difficult and emotionally confronting . in ...
primary care professionals ( pcps ) are increasingly being expected to identify and respond to family and sexual violence as the chronic nature and severity of the long - term health impacts are increasingly recognized . this discussion paper reports the authors ' expert opinion from their experiences running intern...
1. Introduction 2. Understanding the Potential for Trauma 3. How Can PCPs Prepare to Work with Patients Who Have Experienced Family Violence? 4. Preventing Burnout and Vicarious Trauma among PCPs 5. Recognising Stress and Responding to It 6. Conclusion
PMC3247183
the natural pyrethrin insecticides have the desirable environmental properties of being both non - toxic to mammals and non - persistent . chrysanthemic acid [ 2 , 2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl ) ] is one of the products from pyrethrin photodecomposition and is widely used as the acidic part of synthetic pyrethroid...
backgroundchrysanthemic acid ( cha ) is a major product from the photodecomposition of pyrethrin which is an important class of pesticide compounds.in the following paper , hybrid density functional theory ( dft ) calculations of the potential energy surface ( pes ) for three possible channels decomposition of chrysan...
Background Computational Details Results and discussion Cis-trans isomerization pathway Rearrangement Pathway Excitation energy Solvent Effect Conclusion Competing interests Authors' contributions Supplementary Material Acknowledgements
PMC4333581
good photochemical properties , chemical stability , and ease of synthesis make coumarins an important class of fluorescent probes for biological studies . in addition to being versatile fluorophores , coumarin chromophores can be used as light - removable protecting groups , so - called caging groups . cag...
the site - specific incorporation of three new coumarin lysine analogues into proteins was achieved in bacterial and mammalian cells using an engineered pyrrolysyl - trna synthetase system . the genetically encoded coumarin lysines were successfully applied as fluorescent cellular probes for protein locali...
Introduction Results and Discussion Summary Experimental Section
PMC3390908
one major goal of proteomic profiling is an accurate quantitation of proteins in samples with high complexity and high dynamic range of protein concentrations , such as body fluids ( serum , plasma , csf , etc ) . because high confidence peptide / protein identification and at the same time high confidence quan...
methods for isobaric tagging of peptides , itraq or tmt , are commonly used platforms in mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics . these two methods are very often used to quantitate proteins in complex samples , e.g. , serum / plasma or csf supporting biomarker discovery studies . the success of t...
Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion
PMC4120211
ureteropelvic junction ( upj ) obstruction has been classically treated through the standard open approach with outstanding results . since anderson - hynes ( ah ) reported the first dismembered pyeloplasty , a great number of authors have published excellent results , with overall success rates of 90 - 100% . their te...
objective : this prospective randomized study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of transmesocolic laparoscopic pyeloplasty ( tmp ) and compare it with retrocolic laparoscopic pyeloplasty ( rlp ) in pediatric and adolescent patients.materials and methods : between september 2006 to may 2012 , data of...
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS None Patients and data collection Surgical technique RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS
PMC4183358
hamiltonian mapping demonstrates how the standard wham formalism can be modified and used to extrapolate information about a biased hamiltonian from the unmodified reference hamiltonian , h0(x ) , where x represents the molecular coordinates . wham is typically used along with umbrella sampling , in which a set o...
molecular recognition by intrinsically disordered proteins ( idps ) plays a central role in many critical cellular processes . toward achieving detailed mechanistic understanding of idp target interactions , here we employ the hamiltonian mapping methodology , which is rooted in the weighted histogram...
Computational Methods
PMC3214428
general physical examination at age 15 years showed : height 113 cm ( <3 percentile ) , weight 10 kg ( <3 percentile ) , and head circumference 48 cm . he was apparently well up to the age of 18 months , later he developed failure to thrive , loss of hair , prominent eyes and joints , and senile appearance . systemic e...
the hutchinson - gilford progeria ( hgp ) syndrome is an extremely rare genetic condition characterized by an appearance of accelerated aging in children . the word progeria is derived from the greek word progeros meaning prematurely old. it is caused by de novo dominant mutation in the lmna gene ( gene map locus...
Case Report Discussion
PMC5076654
consumers interest in the relationship between diet and health has increased the demand for information about the specific health characteristics of food . it is well known that food can contain ingredients that may have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease , or even represent significant ri...
the bioactive compounds -aminobutyric acid ( gaba ) and biogenic amines ( ba ) , together with protein - free amino acids , were measured by high - performance liquid chromatography in ewe s milk cheeses produced in sardinia with different technological traits . the study included three types of cheese : pecorino sa...
Introduction Materials and Methods Statistical analysis Results and Discussion Relationship between -aminobutyric acid and biogenic amines Conclusions
PMC1566277
when using the mass balance equation to model indoor air quality , the primary assumption is that of uniform mixing . different points in a single compartment are assumed to have the same instantaneous pollutant concentrations as all other points . although such an assumption may be unrealistic , under certain con...
Images
PMC4809460
patients fulfilling criteria for ftd were consecutively recruited from the centre for aging brain and neurodegenerative disorders , university of brescia , italy , from december 2001 to july 2014 . all patients underwent somatic and neurologic evaluation , routine laboratory examination , and a complete mental status e...
objective : in this study , we evaluated whether variations within genes specifically associated with dyslexia , namely kiaa0319 , dcdc2 , and cntnap2 , were associated with greater damage of language - related regions in patients with frontotemporal dementia ( ftd ) and primary progressive aphasia ( ppa ) in particul...
METHODS Setting and participants. Standard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consents. Genetic analyses. MRI data acquisition and preprocessing. MRI data analyses. Statistical analysis. RESULTS Patients. MRI analyses in patients with FTD. MRI analyses in PPAs. DISCUSSION Supplementary Material AUTHOR CONTR...
PMC5384618
ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy among women , with an estimated 150 000 annual deaths worldwide . however , due to the unspecific and inconspicuous symptoms in the early stage of ovarian cancer , there are no effective and accurate detection methods for this disease . moreover , although the in...
backgroundadiponectin receptor-1 ( adipor1 ) has been reported to be associated with the risk of obesity - associated malignancies , including epithelial ovarian cancer ( eoc ) . the aim of this study was to determine if adipor1 could serve as a prognosis indicator for patients with eoc.material/methodsin this study...
Background Material and Methods Ethics statement and general information on patients Immunohistochemical staining Analysis of immunohistochemical staining Statistical analysis Result AdipoR1 expression in cancerous ovarian tissues Correlation between AdipoR1 expression and clinicopathological features Correlation betwe...
PMC4608087
we developed and followed a standardized protocol to do this meta - analysis in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta - analyses ( prisma ) guidelines.28 two investigators ( x.l . independently conducted literature searches of medline , embase , and the cochrane central register...
backgroundguidelines recommend exercise for cardiovascular health , although evidence from trials linking exercise to cardiovascular health through intermediate biomarkers remains inconsistent . we performed a meta - analysis of randomized controlled trials to quantify the impact of exercise on cardiorespiratory fit...
Methods Data Sources and Searches Study Selection Data Extraction and Quality Assessment Data Synthesis and Analysis Results Description of Study Quality Cardiorespiratory Fitness Lipid and Lipoprotein Markers Adipokine and Inflammatory Markers Markers of Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Hemostatic Factors Su...
PMC3914278
exercise physiology and the salutatory effects on weight loss , fat reduction , and insulin sensitivity have been described in great detail . these beneficial effects are now considered to reflect , at least in part , the effect of exercise on the activation of amp - activated protein kinase ( ampk ) . in obese non - d...
we review the current concepts about energy expenditure and evaluate the physical activity ( pha ) in the context of this knowledge and the available literature . regular pha is correlated with low body weight and low body fat mass . the negative fat balance is probably secondary to this negative energy balance . ...
1. Introduction 2. Physical Activity and Body Weight 3. Physical Activity and Fat Oxidation 4. Physical Activity and Spontaneous Food Intake 5. Conclusive Remarks
PMC3806382
large scale trials with insecticide treated bed nets ( itns ) have been shown to have a profound impact on reducing malaria transmission in experimental trials in sub - saharan africa and were recommended for large scale operations . however , this tool did not become practical before the first long lasting insecticide...
we studied the effect on malaria incidence , mosquito abundance , net efficacy , net use rate , chemical analysis , and holes of a long lasting insecticide treated bed net ( netprotect ) in western kenya , 20072010 . nets were hung in 150 households 6 months before they were hung in a second , 2 km away . indoor ...
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Method 3. Results 4. Discussion 5. Conclusions
PMC4809626
a flow diagram of the algorithm is shown in figure 1 . to implement this procedure for a given model it is necessary to define bounds for input parameters and model outputs ( e.g. , steady states or dynamic behavior ) . if bounds can not be defined empirically , feasible ranges of parameter values can be asserted f...
quantitative systems pharmacology models mechanistically describe a biological system and the effect of drug treatment on system behavior . because these models rarely are identifiable from the available data , the uncertainty in physiological parameters may be sampled to create alternative parameterizations of the ...
METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION Supporting information
PMC4540125
although chemical substances are a very important factor in the realization of current industrialization , because they were used indiscriminately without a full understanding of the damage they could cause , issues have arisen on a continual basis , such as global environment changes like ozone depletion and global wa...
objectivesdespite the great contribution made by chemical substances to the development of modern civilization , their indiscriminate use has caused various kinds of damage to the global environment and human beings . accordingly , the major developed countries and international society have tried to ensure the safe...
Introduction Research Conditions for Green Chemistry in Foreign Countries US Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Use Reduction Institute (US) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US) Clean Production Action (US) Catalogue of Example of Substitution of Hazardous Chemicals (Denmark) Current Support Situations for Gr...
PMC4506206
down syndrome ( ds ) is one of the most frequent congenital disorders in humans . many of them develop symptoms of alzheimer s disease ( ad ) at a relatively young age , and a high proportion of ds individuals develop dementia at a later stage . ds is caused by a trisomy of chromosome 21 as a consequence of n...
the protein kinase dyrk1a has been suggested to act as one of the intracellular regulators contributing to neurological alterations found in individuals with down syndrome . for an assessment of the role of dyrk1a , selective synthetic inhibitors are valuable pharmacological tools . however , the dyrk1a in...
Introduction Conclusion Experimental Procedures
PMC2850978
daytime running lights ( drls ) are a safety feature intended to reduce crashes by increasing the contrast between vehicles and the background . currently , finland , sweden , norway , canada , denmark , hungary , and iceland all require vehicle lights during daytime hours . finland was the first to institute drl legis...
backgrounddaytime running lights ( drls ) are a safety feature intended to reduce crashes by increasing the contrast between vehicles and the background.aimsthe purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between vehicles in the usa being equipped with drls and crash rates.methodsthis was a ...
Introduction Methods Results Discussion Limitations Conclusion
PMC4064690
recent advances in computer hardware and software have greatly extended the time scales that can be covered by biomolecular simulations . these longer time scales ( beyond nanoseconds ) one important characteristic of these force fields is the ability to accurately model the formation of salt bridges , or pairs...
recent advances in computer hardware and software have made rigorous evaluation of current biomolecular force fields using microsecond - scale simulations possible . force fields differ in their treatment of electrostatic interactions , including the formation of salt bridges in proteins . here we conduc...
Introduction Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
PMC3231754
additional -globin genes in sheep might produce extra -globin chains and , consequently , the subject carrying triplicated ( ) or quadruplicated ( ) haplotypes may exhibit different hematological phenotypes when compared to the normal duplicated ( ) homozygotes ( nn ) . both and heterozygous ( nd ) and and ho...
None
PMC4496421
the surveyed races were flat races on turf and dirt tracks held by the jra from january 1st , 2002 , to december 31st , 2010 . the race lengths were 1,200 , 1,400 , 1,600 , 1,800 and 2,000 m on turf and 1,000 , 1,200 , 1,400 , 1,700 and 1,800 m on dirt . these were the respective top 5 races in terms of their number ...
abstractthe running performance of thoroughbred racehorses has been reported to peak when they are between 4 and 5 years old . however , changes in their racing speed by month or season have not been reported . the purposes of this study were to reveal the average racing speed of thoroughbreds , and observe change...
Materials and Methods Results Discussion
PMC3263024
when multiple hypotheses are tested in a single experiment , the risk of type i error is increased and with it the risk of promulgating spurious significant findings.[13 ] the likelihood of obtaining a false positive result increases proportional to the number of tests performed . for example , the probability of obt...
increased type i error resulting from multiple statistical comparisons remains a common problem in the scientific literature . this may result in the reporting and promulgation of spurious findings . one approach to this problem is to correct groups of p - values for family - wide significance using a bonferroni...
BACKGROUND Bonferroni Calculator software
PMC4299885
our initial sample consisted of 87 hcv+ participants who were recruited from several hepatology clinics and infectious disease clinics located throughout the greater los angeles catchment area . controls ( n = 21 ) were recruited from the community through advertisements and flyers . all procedures received prior appro...
objective : this study examined neurologic abnormalities ( as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging and diffusion tensor imaging ) , neurocognitive performance , and fatigue among a sample of adults with hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) . we hypothesized that hcv+ individuals would demonstrate structur...
METHODS Standard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consents. DTI and MRSI postprocessing. Preliminary analyses. RESULTS DTI. MRSI. Neurocognition. Fatigue. DISCUSSION Supplementary Material AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS STUDY FUNDING DISCLOSURE
PMC4216325
despite its world - wide omnipresence in soil , a. fumigatus had been considered asexual until studies of an aspergillus - like anamorph isolated from brazilian soil revealed a heterothallic breeding system , and the teleomorph neosartorya fumigata was described . we describe the first reported case of acute respirator...
we describe the first reported case of acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) attributed to neosartorya udagawae infection . this mold grew rapidly in cultures of multiple respiratory specimens from a previously healthy 43-year - old woman . neosartorya spp . are a recently recognized cause of invasive dis...
Introduction Case Discussion Conflict of interest
PMC3894028
children brought for medical treatment are often found to be suffering from more than one morbid condition , making a single diagnosis impossible . the effective management of those conditions is more dependent on adopting a holistic approach using cheap , universally available and accessible strategies rather than sop...
background : integrated management of childhood illness ( imnci ) is already operational in many states of india , but there are only limited studies in indian scenario comparing its validity and reliability with the decisions of pediatricians . aims andobjectives : to assess the validity and reliability of the imnci ...
Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion
PMC4677765
in the age of health care reform , institutions are asking providers to continually improve the quality of care while reducing costs . patient satisfaction with pain management is a critically important measure of quality health care.1 while opioids are effective analgesics , their use is frequently associated with adv...
transversus abdominis plane ( tap ) infiltration is a regional anesthesia technique that has been demonstrated to be effective for management of postsurgical pain after abdominal surgery . there are several different clinical variations in the approaches used for achieving analgesia via tap infiltration , and method...
Introduction Anatomy of the TAP Evolution of TAP infiltration techniques Key differences between TAP infiltration and peripheral nerve blocks Conclusion
PMC3968616
smoking affects vascular and hormonal systems and is also involved in the development of atherosclerosis , thrombogenesis and vascular occlusion . chronic smoking adversely influences the prognosis of nephropathies . in primary hypertension , urinary albumin excretion as an index of renal damage the rate of progression...
smoking is associated with an excessive morbidity and mortality from a variety of diseases . the aim of this study was to find out the effects of smoking on renal function study in non - diabetic , normotensive subjects . a community - based , prospective , cross - sectional cohort study was conducted on 120 subje...
Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Conclusion
PMC4525282
. introduced through the active ingredient , excipients , or the atmosphere , it can induce phase transitions , dissolve soluble components , and increase interactions between the drug and excipients , all of which can adversely affect the physical and chemical stability of the drug substance to the detriment...
elucidating the crystal structures , transformations , and thermodynamics of the two zwitterionic hydrates ( hy2 and hya ) of 3-(4-dibenzo[b , f][1,4]oxepin-11-yl - piperazin-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid ( db7 ) rationalizes the complex interplay of temperature , water activity , and ph on the solid form s...
Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
PMC4410969
the major current use of genomic technology by the military is collecting dna from present and former members of the military in order to facilitate the identification of remains . the collection , called a biobank or biorepository , is the armed services repository of specimen samples for the identification of remains...
advances in genomic science are attracting the interest of the u.s . military for their potential to improve medical care for members of the military and to aid in military recruitment , training , specialization , and mission accomplishment . while researchers have explored the ethical , legal , and social issues...
USES OF GENOMIC TECHNOLOGY BY THE MILITARY LIMITATIONS ON THE USE OF CIVILIAN APPROACHES IN THE MILITARY RESEARCH ISSUES GENOMIC TESTING DEPLOYMENT USE OF UNPROVEN GENOMIC TECHNOLOGIES THE ROLE OF MILITARY PHYSICIANS GENOMIC ENHANCEMENT CONCLUSION
PMC2703923
the combination of structural genomics efforts and computational modeling has resulted in a large amount of 3d structure information for proteins . however , to a large degree , this structural information has not been translated into functional information . for example , understanding substrate specificity , catalysi...
sitehound - web ( http://sitehound.sanchezlab.org ) is a binding - site identification server powered by the sitehound program . given a protein structure in pdb format sitehound - web will identify regions of the protein characterized by favorable interactions with a probe molecule . these regions correspond to p...
INTRODUCTION METHODS The SITEHOUND algorithm Server implementation SITEHOUND-web input SITEHOUND-web output CONCLUSIONS FUNDING
PMC4755455
it is where life begins , and it never ends . in this story , there once were two sisters who were happy and healthy and enjoying life together ( figure 1 ) . but then , all of a sudden , my sister was losing weight unexpectedly , and her weight was close to 90 lb . i remember my mother looking up her symptoms in her m...
editor s note : this article is adapted from the address ms . delahanty delivered as the recipient of the american diabetes association s ( ada ) outstanding educator in diabetes award for 2015 . she delivered the address in june 2015 at the association s 75th scientific sessions in boston , mass . a webcast of ...
When Diabetes Hits Home: The Power of Love Diabetes Control and Complications Trial: Need to Know Versus Nice to Know Diabetes Prevention Program: The Power of Lifestyle Change Psychological and Behavioral Predictors of Weight Outcomes: The Importance of Balancing Structure and Flexibility Look AHEAD Trial: The Importa...
PMC4893435
recently , in addition to the high prevalence of infectious diseases , the incidence of noncommunicable disease is alarmingly increasing in the developing countries . although there are some more recent studies indicating the decline of cvd in africa , ncds are generally showing rapid rise in these countries . one of t...
background . the social and economic changes taking place in developing countries are influencing the pace at which hypertension and its risk factors are expanding . as opposed to the already established inverse association in developed nations , the association between socioeconomic status and hypertension in d...
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results 4. Discussion 5. Conclusions 6. Recommendation
PMC3249339
a 44-year - old man , who had a medical history of panic disorder , visited another hospital due to dyspnea on mild exertion . a coronary angiography showed a single coronary artery originating from the right coronary ostium . a single coronary artery bifurcated into the right coronary artery and left main coronary art...
anomalous origin of a coronary aortic artery is a rare cardiac anomaly . although it can cause angina , syncope , and palpitations , most patients are asymptomatic . this anomaly requires surgical treatment or intervention because it is associated with sudden death . several surgical techniques , such as coronary ...
CASE REPORT DISCUSSION
PMC3855092
incidental vessel injury caused by some of these variations may require more extensive lung resection than would be necessary without repair during pulmonary resection . we herein describe a patient with a common trunk of the left pulmonary vein that was incidentally transected with a mechanical stapler during a left u...
a common trunk of the left pulmonary vein is an anatomical variation in the pulmonary vessels and may be incidentally transected during left upper lobectomy . difficulty in reconstruction of the left inferior vein often requires completion pneumonectomy . we herein describe a patient with lung cancer in the left u...
INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT DISCUSSION
PMC3665034
in many developed and developing countries , there are many concerns about being overweight and obesity ; these concerns have become a universal and comprehensive problem progressing at different ages.[14 ] according to statistics by world health organization ( who ) , about 10% of 5 - 17-year - old school children are...
background : the present study was done in order to compare balance and footprint parameters in two groups of normal and overweight children.methods:this semi - experimental study included randomly selected 22 male children ( 11 normal and 11 overweight boys ) . to measure the footprint parameters , an ink paper sys...
INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSION
PMC4594086
since the cases of tertiary syphilis can be seen very rarely in western society today , it is very difficult for us to diagnose as a syphilitic aneurysm preoperatively when we encounter the thoracic aortic aneurysm whose etiology is unknown . major cardiovascular manifestations of tertiary syphilis are asymptomatic aor...
syphilitic aortitis is usually associated with thoracic aortic saccular aneurysm , aortic regurgitation and coronary ostial stenosis . however , syphilitic aneurysms have rarely been reported today . here , we report a patient with ascending aortic aneurysm with aorta - superior vena cava ( svc ) fistula with positi...
Introduction Case Discussion Conclusion
PMC3156997
vascular dementia ( vd ) is the third most common cause of dementia ( 8 to 10% ) , following alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) ( 60 to 70% ) and dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) ( 10 to 25% ) , but these numbers vary considerably according to the different criteria used for vad 1,2 . subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (...
background and purpose : the present study was designed to detect the abnormalities of the cerebral grey - matter density in subcortical ischemic vascular dementia patients by fsl - vbm method to promote the early diagnosis of it.methods : nine subcortical ischemic vascular dementia patients and nine age - matched nor...
Introduction Materials and methods Subjects MRI data acquisition MRI data analysis Results Discussion
PMC4061146
the amount of microorganisms in the oral fluid ( saliva ) ranges from 4 millions to 5 billions per 1 milliliter , and in dental plaque between 10 and 1000 billions per 1 gram . their resistance to non - specific oral protective factors and environmental factors ( e.g. , antiseptic solutions ) depends on the cellular me...
backgroundthis study evaluated the survival of the most prevalent oral bacteria and fungi ( staphylococcus aureus , klebsiella pneumoniae , escherichia coli , and candida albicans ) in dental casts , and compared changes in the amounts of these microorganisms at different time intervals to determine how long dental ca...
Background Material and Methods Results Discussion Conclusions
PMC2376233
bacterial strains and plasmids plpq2 ( 12 ) is a psc101-derived plasmid in which expression of the e. coli phop - phoq operon is driven by the lacuv5 promoter . pnl3 ( 12 ) is a pbr322-derived reporter plasmid for assaying phop - mediated transcriptional activation that contains the phon promoter fused to lacz . paed4...
the phop - phoq two - component system is a well studied bacterial signaling system that regulates virulence and stress response . catalytic activity of the histidine kinase sensor protein phoq is activated by low extracellular concentrations of divalent cations such as mg2 + , and subsequently the response regulato...
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES RESULTS DISCUSSION Supplementary Material
PMC3304287
a 28-year - old woman , with primary infertility of three years was referred for laparoscopic myomectomy with a history of severe dysmenorrhea and a diagnosis of posterolateral wall myoma . on pelvic examination , a palpable myoma was noted on the posterior uterine surface , and the uterus was felt to be approximately ...
single port laparoscopic surgery ( spls ) , also called sils is the natural extension of multi - incisional laparoscopic surgery , in the quest for reduction of traumatic insult and residual scarring to the patient . today with the evolution of newer instruments , bidirectional self - retaining sutures , and surgical ...
INTRODUCTION SURGICAL TECHNIQUE DISCUSSION
PMC5014762
chromatin is the complex of dna and histone proteins that packages eukaryotic dna into chromosomes . the nucleosome is the repeating structural subunit of chromatin and consists of 147 bp of dna wrapped around a histone octamer core . translational positioning of nucleosomes along the dna sequence influences the acces...
summarychromatin is thought to carry epigenetic information from one generation to the next , although it is unclear how such information survives the disruptions of nucleosomal architecture occurring during genomic replication . here , we measure a key aspect of chromatin structure dynamics during replication how ...
Introduction Results Discussion Experimental Procedures Author Contributions
PMC3862396
lyme disease ( ld ) , caused by the spirochete bacteria of the genus borrelia , is the most common vector - borne infectious disease in north america . more than 38,000 new cases were reported in the us in 2009,1 but underreporting is estimated to be six- to twelvefold , making the true number likely over 200,000 cases...
a 50-year - old woman from pulaski , virginia , presented to a local clinic with headaches , fever , generalized joint pain , excessive thirst and fluid intake , and a progressing rash on her back . on physical examination , she had a large circular red rash on her back with a bulls - eye appearance , 16 18 cm in dia...
Introduction Case report Discussion Conclusion
PMC3806166
endogenous peptides , protein , and oligonucleotides are among the main drugs which attract much attention because of their great potentials in treating chronic diseases . however , the extreme in vivo environment of human body has always limited the therapeutic applications of these substances [ 2 , 3 ] . polymeric na...
chitosan nanoparticles ( cs nps ) exhibit good physicochemical properties as drug delivery systems . the aim of this study is to determine the modulation of preparative parameters on the physical characteristics and colloidal stability of cs nps . cs nps were fabricated by ionic interaction with dextran sulphate (...
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results 4. Discussions 5. Conclusions
PMC3016820
current use of laparoscopy in the evaluation and management of trauma patients has been a natural extension of this trend . although utilized for both blunt and penetrating injuries , laparoscopy has gained the most widespread acceptance as a useful tool in the management of patients with penetrating abdominal injuries...
background : minimally invasive surgery has become increasingly utilized in the trauma setting . when properly applied , it offers several advantages , including reduced morbidity , lower rates of negative laparotomy , and shortened length of hospital stay . the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of la...
INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSION
PMC5036132
qm / mm methods ( for reviews , see , e.g. , refs ( 17 ) ) have been used extensively in studies of enzymatic reactions . in order to obtain reliable results , it is crucial to perform extensive sampling and also to use a reliable qm model for either calibrating a semiempirical model ( e.g. , the evb model ) ...
although qm / mm calculations are the primary current tool for modeling enzymatic reactions , the reliability of such calculations can be limited by the size of the qm region . thus , we examine in this work the dependence of qm / mm calculations on the size of the qm region , using the reaction of catechol ...
Introduction Computational Methods Results Discussion Conclusion
PMC2773148
natural product phosphonates are in wide use in medicine and agriculture.(1 ) one member of this class of natural products , phosphinothricin ( pt ) , is an unusual amino acid with a phosphinate side chain ( scheme 1 ) . synthetic pt ( glufosinate ) is the active component of the commercially important herbicides liber...
hydroxyethylphosphonate dioxygenase ( hepd ) catalyzes the o2-dependent cleavage of the carboncarbon bond of 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate ( 2-hep ) to afford hydroxymethylphosphonate ( hmp ) and formate without input of electrons or use of any organic cofactors . two mechanisms have been proposed to account for this re...
Introduction Results Discussion Experimental Procedures
PMC3463953
increasing daily physical activity ( pa ) is a key strategy for preventing or minimizing numerous chronic diseases [ 1 , 2 ] . daily pa consists of all occupational , domestic , and leisure - time activities . while participation in leisure - time activities has remained relatively stable over the years , technological...
purpose . the sensewear armband ( swa ) is a multisensor activity monitor that can be used in daily life to assess an individual 's physical activity level ( pal ) . the primary goal of this study was to analyze the impact of different types of feedback on the pal of flemish employees . methods / design . we r...
1. Introduction 2. Methods/Design 3. Intervention 4. Discussion
PMC4555192
a large amount of scientific research is directed towards anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) injuries . however , recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated a continued high incidence of acl injuries despite the implementation of intervention programs . as these injuries remain a significant problem , research di...
purposereturn to activity remains the most common concern following an injury . to facilitate the decision regarding a patient s return to sport , we developed a standardized and easy - to - use test battery to enable an objective evaluation of knee function.methodsthe test battery consisted of seven functional test...
Level of evidence Introduction Materials and methods Reliability Normative data Statistical analysis Reliability Normative data Results Reliability Normative data Discussion Conclusion Conflict of interest
PMC4885601
mu - opioid receptor ( mor ) agonists , such as morphine , are the gold standard in the treatment of moderate to severe pain , however , their therapeutic use is often limited due to serious side effects including tolerance , dependence , respiratory depression , and constipation . numerous studies have shown p...
n - acetylation of the tetrahydroquinoline ( thq ) core of a series of -opioid receptor ( mor ) agonist/-opioid receptor ( dor ) antagonist ligands increases dor affinity , resulting in ligands with balanced mor and dor affinities . we report a series of n - substituted thq analogues that incorporate various c...
Introduction Results Discussion and Conclusions Experimental Section
PMC4590978
compression therapy is used for the treatment of venous pathologies such as deep vein thrombosis and chronic - venous insufficiency . the application of the external pressure on the lower limbs acts to compress the veins thus reducing their diameter . in consequence the velocity increases , which in turn encourages the...
aim . the purpose was to examine the changes in tissue oxygen saturation ( sto2 ) in response to the application of different commercially available calf compression sleeves . methods . eight subjects came to the laboratory to complete a session in seated position including 10 min of quiet rest followed by 3 m...
1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results 4. Discussion 5. Conclusions
PMC3395253
thimerosal is a preservative that is widely used in medical products , including as a preservative in vaccines , immunoglobulin preparations , skin test antigens , antivenins , ophthalmic and nasal products , and tattoo inks , and is composed of 49.6 percent ethylmercury by weight . the widespread use of thimerosal exp...
thimerosal generates ethylmercury in aqueous solution and is widely used as preservative . we have investigated the toxicology of thimerosal in normal human astrocytes , paying particular attention to mitochondrial function and the generation of specific oxidants . we find that ethylmercury not only inhibits mitoc...
1. Introduction 2. Methods 3. Results 4. Discussion
PMC3308306
participants performed aerobic and resistance exercise at least three times per week and had been doing so for at least 6 months ( table 1 ) . participant characteristics the research took place in the human and environmental physiology research unit at the university of ottawa . after being informed of the purpose , p...
objectiveto determine the effects of exercise order on acute glycemic responses in individuals with type 1 diabetes performing both aerobic and resistance exercise in the same session.research design and methodstwelve physically active individuals with type 1 diabetes ( hba1c 7.1 1.0% ) performed aerobic exercise ( 4...
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Experimental design CGM Experimental sessions Measurements Blood analyses Statistical analyses RESULTS Plasma glucose Carbohydrate intake and insulin dosage Interstitial glucose levels CONCLUSIONS
PMC3125737
scientific workflows attempt to automate repetitive computation and analysis by chaining together related processes . automating repetitive time - consuming tasks allows scientists to keep pace with ever - growing volumes of data ( 1 ) . furthermore , workflows can aid in the reproducibility of scientific computations ...
the bioextract server ( bioextract.org ) is an open , web - based system designed to aid researchers in the analysis of genomic data by providing a platform for the creation of bioinformatic workflows . scientific workflows are created within the system by recording tasks performed by the user . these tasks may in...
INTRODUCTION QUERYING DATA SOURCES AND MANAGING DATA EXTRACTS EXECUTING, ADDING AND MODIFYING ANALYTIC TOOLS BIOEXTRACT SERVER WORKFLOWS BIOEXTRACT SERVER WORKFLOW EXAMPLE CONCLUSION FUTURE DIRECTION FUNDING
PMC4901838
sincipital encephaloceles , also called frontal or anterior encephaloceles , are rare neural tube defects and are more common in south and southeast asian populations . in children with sincipital encephaloceles there are often significant associated intracranial anomalies , including intracranial cysts , complete / pa...
objective : the aim of this study was to evaluate the associated intracranial malformations in patients with sincipital encephaloceles.materials and methods : a hospital - based cross - sectional study was conducted over 8 years from june 2007 to may 2015 on 28 patients . the patients were evaluated by either comput...
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Study group Patient preparation Technique of study Computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging RESULTS Associated brain malformations DISCUSSION Limitation CONCLUSION Financial support and sponsorship Conflicts of interest