diff --git "a/nasascraper_data.csv" "b/nasascraper_data.csv" --- "a/nasascraper_data.csv" +++ "b/nasascraper_data.csv" @@ -1,71 +1,201 @@ -title,description,date,data_type,source,scrape_timestamp -IC 405: The Flaming Star Nebula,"Rippling dust and gas lanes give the Flaming Star Nebula its name. The orange and purple colors of the nebula are present in different regions and are created by different processes. The bright star AE Aurigae, visible toward the image left, is so hot it is blue, emitting light so energetic it knocks electrons away from surrounding gas. When a proton recaptures an electron, red light is frequently emitted (depicted here in orange). The purple region's color is a mix of this red light and blue light emitted by AE Aurigae but reflected to us by surrounding dust. The two regions are referred to as emission nebula and reflection nebula, respectively. Pictured here in the Hubble color palette, the Flaming Star Nebula, officially known as IC 405, lies about 1500 light years distant, spans about 5 light years, and is visible with a small telescope toward the constellation of the Charioteer (Auriga).",2020-01-07,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Equinox + 1,"Twice a year, at the Spring and Fall equinox, the Sun rises due east. In an emphatic demonstration of this celestial alignment, photographer Joe Orman recorded this inspiring image of the Sun rising exactly along the east-west oriented Western Canal, in Tempe, Arizona, USA. But he waited until March 21st, one day after the equinox, to photograph the striking view. Why was the rising Sun due east one day after the equinox? At Tempe's latitude the Sun rises at an angle, arcing southward as it climbs above the horizon. Because the distant mountains hide the true horizon, the Sun shifts slightly southward by the time it clears the mountain tops. Waiting 24 hours allowed the Sun to rise just north of east and arc back to an exactly eastern alignment for the photo. Orman also notes that this picture carries a special significance as we experience the maximum of the solar activity cycle. The electricity and telephone transmission lines along the canal symbolize power and communications grids which are most vulnerable to outbursts from the active Sun.",2001-03-30,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Earth at Twilight,"No sudden, sharp boundary marks the passage of day into night in this gorgeous view of ocean and clouds over our fair planet Earth. Instead, the shadow line or terminator is diffuse and shows the gradual transition to darkness we experience as twilight. With the Sun illuminating the scene from the right, the cloud tops reflect gently reddened sunlight filtered through the dusty troposphere, the lowest layer of the planet's nurturing atmosphere. A clear high altitude layer, visible along the dayside's upper edge, scatters blue sunlight and fades into the blackness of space. This picture actually is a single digital photograph taken in June of 2001 from the International Space Station orbiting at an altitude of 211 nautical miles.",2013-04-06,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -A Flow of Time,"This surreal timelapse, landscape, panorama spans predawn, blue hour, and sunrise skies. Close to the start of planet Earth's northern hemisphere spring, the flow of time was captured between 4:30 and 7:00 am from a location overlooking northern New Mexico's Rio Grande Valley. In tracked images of the night sky just before twilight begins, the Milky Way is cast across the southern (right) edge of the panoramic frame. Toward the east, a range of short and long exposures resolves the changing brightness as the Sun rises over the distant peaks of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. In between, exposures made during the spring morning's tantalizing blue hour are used to blend the night sky and sunrise over the high desert landscape.",2020-04-09,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -The Universe in Hot Gas,"Where is most of the normal matter in the Universe? Recent observations from the Chandra X-ray Observatory confirm that it is in hot gas filaments strewn throughout the universe. ""Normal matter"" refers to known elements and familiar fundamental particles. Previously, the amount of normal matter predicted by the physics of the early universe exceeded the normal matter in galaxies and clusters of galaxies, and so was observationally unaccounted for. The Chandra observations found evidence for the massive and hot intergalactic medium filaments by noting a slight dimming in distant quasar X-rays likely caused by hot gas absorption. The above image derives from a computer simulation showing an expected typical distribution of hot gas in a huge slice of the universe 2.7 billion light-years across and 0.3 billion light years thick. The distribution of much more abundant dark matter likely mimics the normal matter, although the composition of the dark matter remains mysterious. Both the distribution and the nature of the even more abundant dark energy also remain unknown.",2002-08-20,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Salt Water Remnants on Ceres,"Does Ceres have underground pockets of water? Ceres, the largest asteroid in the asteroid belt, was thought to be composed of rock and ice. At the same time, Ceres was known to have unusual bright spots on its surface. These bright spots were clearly imaged during Dawn's exciting approach in 2015. Analyses of Dawn images and spectra indicated that the bright spots arise from the residue of highly-reflective salt water that used to exist on Ceres' surface but evaporated. Recent analysis indicates that some of this water may have originated from deep inside the dwarf planet, indicating Ceres to be a kindred spirit with several Solar System moons, also thought to harbor deep water pockets. The featured video shows in false-color pink the bright evaporated brine named Cerealia Facula in Occator Crater. In 2018, the mission-successful but fuel-depleted Dawn spacecraft was placed in a distant parking orbit, keeping it away from the Ceres' surface for at least 20 years to avoid interfering with any life that might there exist. Experts Debate: How will humanity first discover extraterrestrial life?",2020-09-01,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Animation: Perseid Meteor Shower,"Where do Perseid meteors come from? Mostly small bits of stony grit, Perseid meteoroids were once expelled from Comet Swift-Tuttle and continue to follow this comet's orbit as they slowly disperse. The featured animation depicts the entire meteoroid stream as it orbits our Sun. When the Earth nears this stream, as it does every year, the Perseid Meteor Shower occurs. Highlighted as bright in the animation, comet debris this size is usually so dim it is practically undetectable. Only a small fraction of this debris will enter the Earth's atmosphere, heat up and disintegrate brightly. This weekend promises some of the better skies to view the Perseid shower as well as other active showers because the new moon will not only be faint, it will be completely absent from the sky for most of the night. Although not outshining faint Perseids, the new moon will partially obstruct the Sun as a partial solar eclipse will be visible from some northern locations.",2018-08-08,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Saturn at Opposition,"Telescopic observers on Earth have been treated to spectacular views of Saturn lately as the ringed planet reached its 2015 opposition on May 23 at 0200 UT. Of course opposition means opposite the Sun in Earth's sky. So near opposition Saturn is up all night, at its closest and brightest for the year. These sharp images taken within hours of the Sun-Earth-Saturn alignment also show the strong brightening of Saturn's rings known as the opposition surge or the Seeliger Effect. Directly illuminated, the ring's icy particles cast no shadows and strongly backscatter sunlight toward planet Earth, creating the dramatic surge in brightness. Saturn currently stands in the sky not far from bright Antares, alpha star of the constellation Scorpius.",2015-05-29,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Find the New Moon,"Can you find the Moon? This usually simple task can be quite difficult. Even though the Moon is above your horizon half of the time, its phase can be anything from crescent to full. The featured image was taken in late May from Sant Martí d'Empúries, Spain, over the Mediterranean Sea in the early morning. One reason you can't find this moon is because it is very near to its new phase, when very little of the half illuminated by the Sun is visible to the Earth. Another reason is because this moon is near the horizon and so seen through a long path of Earth's atmosphere -- a path which dims the already faint crescent. Any crescent moon is only visible near the direction the Sun, and so only locatable near sunrise or sunset. The Moon runs through all of its phases in a month (moon-th), and this month the thinnest sliver of a crescent -- a new moon -- will occur in three days.",2022-07-25,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Andromeda's Core,"The center of the Andromeda galaxy is beautiful but strange. Andromeda, indexed as M31, is so close to our own Milky Way Galaxy that it gives a unique perspective into galaxy composition by allowing us to see into its core. Billions of stars swarm around a center that has two nuclei and likely houses a supermassive black hole over 5 million times the mass of our Sun. M31 is about two million light years away and visible with the unaided eye towards the constellation of Andromeda, the princess. Pictured above, dark knots of dust are seen superposed on the inner 10,000 light years of M31's core. The brighter stars are foreground stars located in our Milky Way Galaxy.",2004-12-27,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Mars over Duddo Stone Circle,"Why are these large stones here? One the more famous stone circles is the Duddo Five Stones of Northumberland, England. Set in the open near the top of a modest incline, a short hike across empty fields will bring you to unusual human -sized stones that are unlike anything surrounding them. The grooved, pitted, and deeply weathered surfaces of the soft sandstones are consistent with being placed about 4000 years ago -- but placed for reasons now unknown. The featured image -- a composite of two consecutive images taken from the same location -- was captured last October under a starry sky when the Earth was passing near Mars, making the red planet unusually large and bright. Mars remains visible at sunset, although increasingly close to the horizon over the next few months. APOD via Instagram in: English, Indonesian, Persian, and Portuguese",2021-03-23,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Star Cluster Dreams,"Located some 7,000 light-years away toward the constellation Perseus, this pair of open or galactic star clusters really is visible to the unaided eye and was cataloged in 130 BC by Greek astronomer Hipparchus. Now known as h and chi Persei (NGC 869/884), the clusters themselves are separated by a few hundred light-years and contain stars much younger, and hotter than the Sun. But what if this famous double star cluster were closer, say only 700 light-years distant from our fair solar system, crowding our sky with stars? Astrophotographer Jose Suro also imagines a clear, moonless, dark night sky on a warm evening near tranquil waters. The foreground is illuminated by starlight in his composited dreamlike image of the cluster pair. He notes that while the solar system is not in the vicinity of such rich clusters of stars, dark night skies and warm evenings can still be inspiring on planet Earth.",2006-04-13,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Comet Pons-Brooks' Swirling Coma,"A bright comet will be visible during next month's total solar eclipse. This very unusual coincidence occurs because Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks's return to the inner Solar System places it by chance only 25 degrees away from the Sun during Earth's April 8 total solar eclipse. Currently the comet is just on the edge of visibility to the unaided eye, best visible with binoculars in the early evening sky toward the constellation of the Fish (Pisces). Comet Pons-Brooks, though, is putting on quite a show for deep camera images even now. The featured image is a composite of three very specific colors, showing the comet's ever-changing ion tail in light blue, its outer coma in green, and highlights some red-glowing gas around the coma in a spiral. The spiral is thought to be caused by gas being expelled by the slowly rotating nucleus of the giant iceberg comet. Although it is always difficult to predict the future brightness of comets, Comet Pons-Brook has been particularly prone to outbursts, making it even more difficult to predict how bright it will actually be as the Moon moves in front of the Sun on April 8. Total Eclipse Info: 2024 Total Solar Eclipse from NASA",2024-03-18,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Solstice to Solstice Solargraph Timelapse,"The 2019 December Solstice, on the first day of winter in planet Earth's northern hemisphere and summer in the south, is at 4:19 Universal Time December 22. That's December 21 for North America, though. Celebrate with a timelapse animation of the Sun's seasonal progression through the sky. It was made with solargraph images from an ingenious array of 27 pinhole cameras. The first frame from the Solarcan camera matrix was recorded near December 21, 2018. The last frame in the series finished near June 21, 2019, the northern summer solstice. All 27 camera exposures were started at the same time, with a camera covered and removed from the array once a week. Viewed consecutively the pinhole camera pictures accumulate the traces of the Sun's daily path from winter (bottom) to summer (top) solstice. Traces of the Sun's path are reflected by the foreground Williestruther Loch, in the Scottish Borders. Just select the image or follow this link to play the entire 27 frame (gif) timelapse.",2019-12-21,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Stars and Dust Through Baade's Window,"Billions of stars light up the direction toward the center of our Galaxy. The vast majority of these stars are themselves billions of years old, rivaling their home Milky Way Galaxy in raw age. These stars are much more faint and red than the occasional young blue stars that light up most galaxies. Together with interstellar dust, these old stars make a yellowish starscape, as pictured above. Although the opaque dust obscures the true Galactic center in visible light, a relative hole in the dust occurs on the right of the image. This region, named Baade's Window for an astronomer who studied it, is used to inspect distant stars and to determine the internal geometry of the Milky Way. Baade's Window occurs toward the constellation of Sagittarius.",2002-12-23,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -"Two Worlds, One Sun","How different does sunset appear from Mars than from Earth? For comparison, two images of our common star were taken at sunset, one from Earth and one from Mars. These images were scaled to have same angular width and featured here side-by-side. A quick inspection will reveal that the Sun appears slightly smaller from Mars than from Earth. This makes sense since Mars is 50% further from the Sun than Earth. More striking, perhaps, is that the Martian sunset is noticeably bluer near the Sun than the typically orange colors near the setting Sun from Earth. The reason for the blue hues from Mars is not fully understood, but thought to be related to forward scattering properties of Martian dust. The terrestrial sunset was taken in 2012 March from Marseille, France, while the Martian sunset was captured last month by NASA's robotic Curiosity rover from Gale crater on Mars.",2015-05-12,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Saturn in View,"Very good telescopic views of Saturn can be expected in the coming days as the ringed planet nears opposition on March 8th, its closest approach to Earth in 2009. Of course, opposition means opposite the Sun in planet Earth's sky - an arrangement that occurs almost yearly for Saturn. But while Saturn itself grows larger in telescopic images, Saturn's rings seem to be vanishing as their tilt to our line-of-sight decreases. In fact, the rings will be nearly invisible, edge-on from our perspective, by September 4. Recorded on February 28, this sharp image was made with the 1 meter telescope at Pic Du Midi, a mountain top observatory in the French Pyrenees. The rings are seen to be tilted nearly edge-on, but remarkable details are visible in the gas giant's cloud bands. The icy moon Tethys appears just beyond the rings at the lower left.",2009-03-04,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Galactic Collision in Cluster Abell 1185,"What is a guitar doing in a cluster of galaxies? Colliding. Clusters of galaxies are sometimes packed so tight that the galaxies that compose them collide. A prominent example occurs on the left of the above image of the rich cluster of galaxies Abell 1185. There at least two galaxies, cataloged as Arp 105 and dubbed The Guitar for their familiar appearance, are pulling each other apart gravitationally. Most of Abell 1185's hundreds of galaxies are elliptical galaxies, although spiral, lenticular, and irregular galaxies are all clearly evident. Many of the spots on the above image are fully galaxies themselves containing billions of stars, but some spots are foreground stars in our own Milky Way Galaxy. Recent observations of Abell 1185 have found unusual globular clusters of stars that appear to belong only to the galaxy cluster and not to any individual galaxy. Abell 1185 spans about one million light years and lies 400 million light years distant.",2005-11-22,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -NGC 4676: When Mice Collide,"These two mighty galaxies are pulling each other apart. Known as "" The Mice"" because they have such long tails, each spiral galaxy has likely already passed through the other. They will probably collide again and again until they coalesce. The long tails are created by the relative difference between gravitational pulls on the near and far parts of each galaxy. Because the distances are so large, the cosmic interaction takes place in slow motion -- over hundreds of millions of years. NGC 4676 lies about 300 million light-years away toward the constellation of Bernice's Hair (Coma Berenices) and are likely members of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies. The above picture was taken with the Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys which is more sensitive and images a larger field than previous Hubble cameras. The camera's increased sensitivity has imaged, serendipitously, galaxies far in the distance scattered about the frame.",2008-02-24,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster,"Globular clusters once ruled the Milky Way. Back in the old days, back when our Galaxy first formed, perhaps thousands of globular clusters roamed our Galaxy. Today, there are perhaps 200 left. Many globular clusters were destroyed over the eons by repeated fateful encounters with each other or the Galactic center. Surviving relics are older than any Earth fossil, older than any other structures in our Galaxy, and limit the universe itself in raw age. There are few, if any, young globular clusters in our Milky Way Galaxy because conditions are not ripe for more to form. Things are different next door, however, in the neighboring LMC galaxy. Pictured above is a ""young"" globular cluster residing there: NGC 1818. Observations show it formed only about 40 million years ago - just yesterday compared to the 12 billion year ages of globular clusters in our own Milky Way",2002-12-29,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -The Potsdam Gravity Potato,"Why do some places on Earth have higher gravity than others? Sometimes the reason is unknown. To help better understand the Earth's surface, sensitive measurements by the orbiting satellites GRACE and CHAMP were used to create a map of Earth's gravitational field. Since a center for studying these data is in Potsdam, Germany, and since the result makes the Earth look somewhat like a potato, the resulting geoid has been referred to as the Potsdam Gravity Potato. High areas on this map, colored red, indicate areas where gravity is slightly stronger than usual, while in blue areas gravity is slightly weaker. Many bumps and valleys on the Potsdam Gravity Potato can be attributed to surface features, such as the North Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Himalayan Mountains, but others cannot, and so might relate to unusually high or low sub-surface densities. Maps like this also help calibrate changes in the Earth's surface including variable ocean currents and the melting of glaciers. The above map was made in 2005, but more recent and more sensitive gravity maps of Earth were produced in 2011. Now Available: APOD 2015 Wall Calendars",2014-12-15,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Rosetta's Target Comet,"The Rosetta spacecraft captured this remarkable series of 9 frames between March 27 and May 4, as it closed from 5 million to 2 million kilometers of its target comet. Cruising along a 6.5 year orbit toward closest approach to the Sun next year, periodic comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is seen moving past a distant background of stars in Ophiuchus and globular star cluster M107. The comet's developing coma is actually visible by the end of the sequence, extending for some 1300 km into space. Rosetta is scheduled for an early August rendezvous with the comet's nucleus. Now clearly active, the nucleus is about 4 kilometers in diameter, releasing the dusty coma as its dirty ices begin to sublimate in the sunlight. The Rosetta lander's contact with the surface of the nucleus is anticipated in November. Meteor Shower Hunt Tonight: Looking for the Camelopardalids",2014-05-23,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Atlas 5 Rocket Launches to the Moon,"This rocket is headed for the Moon. Pictured above, a huge Altas V rocket roared off the launch pad last week to start NASA's first missions to Earth's Moon in 10 years. The rocket is carrying two robotic spacecraft. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is scheduled to orbit and better map the Moon, search for buried and hidden ice, and return many high resolution images. Some images will be below one-meter in resolution and include images of historic Apollo landing sites. Exploratory data and images should allow a more informed choice of possible future astronaut landing sites. The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) is scheduled to monitor the controlled impact of the rocket's upper stage into a permanently shadowed crater near the Moon's south pole. This impact, which should occur in about three months, might be visible on Earth through small telescopes.",2009-06-22,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Martian Crater Shows Evidence of Dried Pond,"Did a pond once exist in this Martian crater? Recent photographs by the spacecraft Mars Global Surveyor, currently in orbit around Mars, show features unusual for Mars yet similar to a dried pond on Earth. Previously, much evidence suggested the effects of ancient channels of flowing water on Mars, but less evidence had been found for dried pools of water. Islands and bays on this crater floor indicate an accumulation of some liquid, however, a hypothesis consistent with channels found on the (inset) crater walls. As it is also possible the features were formed by other mechanisms including flowing lava, future observations and analysis will be needed to say for sure.",1998-06-03,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Whirlpool with Comets,"Not a comet, bright spiral galaxy Messier 51 is popularly known as the Whirlpool Galaxy. Just off the handle of the Big Dipper in northern skies, you can spot it at the upper left in this image from December 1st. The pretty 4 by 2.5 degree wide field of view does contain two comets though. Different in appearance, both comets are new visitors to the inner Solar System and are currently faint telescopic objects, highest above northern horizons in morning twilight. At lower left newly discovered comet NEOWISE (C/2016 U1) shows off a round fuzzy coma in the greenish light of diatomic carbon gas fluorescing in sunlight. Sunlight reflects from dust in the coma and stubby tail of comet Johnson (C/2015 V2) at upper right.",2016-12-08,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Stellar Spectral Types: OBAFGKM,"Astronomers divide stars into different spectral types. First started in the 1800s, the spectral type was originally meant to classify the strength of hydrogen absorption lines. A few types that best describe the temperature of the star remain in use today. The seven main spectral types OBAFGKM are shown above with the spectrum of a single ""O"" star at the top followed by two spectra each from the progressively cooler designations, respectively. Historically, these letters have been remembered with the mnemonic ""Oh Be A Fine Girl/Guy Kiss Me."" Frequent classroom contests, however, have come up with other more/less politically correct mnemonics such as ""Oven Baked Apples From Grandpa's/Grandma's Kitchen. Mmmm."" Our Sun has spectral type ""G"".",2001-05-30,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -A Rare Hybrid Solar Eclipse,"A spectacular geocentric celestial event of 2005 was a rare hybrid eclipse of the Sun - a total or an annular eclipse could be seen depending on the observer's location. For Fred Espenak, aboard a gently swaying ship within the middle of the Moon's shadow track about 2,200 kilometers west of the Galapagos, the eclipse was total, the lunar silhouette exactly covering the bright solar disk for a few brief moments. His camera captured a picture of totality revealing the extensive solar corona and prominences rising above the Sun's edge. But for Stephan Heinsius, near the end of the shadow track at Penonome Airfield, Panama, the Moon's apparent size had shrunk enough to create an annular eclipse, showing a complete annulus of the Sun's bright disk as a dramatic ring of fire. Pictures from the two locations are compared above. How rare is such a hybrid eclipse? Calculations show that during the 21st century just 3.1% (7 out of 224) of solar eclipses are hybrid while hybrids comprise about 5% of all solar eclipses over the period 2000 BC to AD 3000. Today's hybrid solar eclipse is most widely visible beyond the central shadow track as a brief partial eclipse from northeastern Americas through Africa, and along the track in an annular phase for only the first 15 seconds. Tomorrow's APOD?: Share your best eclipse pictures.",2013-11-03,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Comet Siding Spring Passes Mars,"Yesterday, a comet passed very close to Mars. In fact, Comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) passed closer to the red planet than any comet has ever passed to Earth in recorded history. To take advantage of this unique opportunity to study the close interaction of a comet and a planet, humanity currently has five active spacecraft orbiting Mars: NASA's MAVEN, MRO, Mars Odyssey, as well as ESA's Mars Express, and India's Mars Orbiter. Most of these spacecraft have now sent back information that they have not been damaged by small pieces of the passing comet. These spacecraft, as well as the two active rovers on the Martian surface -- NASA's Opportunity and Curiosity -- have taken data and images that will be downloaded to Earth for weeks to come and likely studied for years to come. The featured image taken yesterday, however, was not taken from Mars but from Earth and shows Comet Siding Spring on the lower left as it passed Mars, on the upper right. NASA Updates : Comet Siding Spring from Mars",2014-10-20,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Lunar Halo over Snowy Trees,"Have you ever seen a halo around the Moon? This fairly common sight occurs when high thin clouds containing millions of tiny ice crystals cover much of the sky. Each ice crystal acts like a miniature lens. Because most of the crystals have a similar elongated hexagonal shape, light entering one crystal face and exiting through the opposing face refracts 22 degrees, which corresponds to the radius of the Moon Halo. A similar Sun Halo may be visible during the day. Exactly how ice-crystals form in clouds remains a topic of research. In the featured image taken last week from Östersund, Sweden, a complete lunar halo was captured over snowy trees and rabbit tracks. APOD is available via Instagram: in English, Indonesian, Persian, and Portuguese",2021-02-01,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Mapping Mars,"This month, the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft began its primary mission to the red planet. Orbiting about once every two hours at an altitude of over 200 miles, instruments onboard MGS now regularly explore the Martian surface and atmosphere. This MGS polar mapping orbit was set up to achieve a favorable ""afternoon"" sun-angle for imaging as the spacecraft crosses over the day side of the planet. Mars' rotation will allow complete coverage of the surface roughly once every week with mapping operations planned for one Martian year (687 Earth days). These two opposite hemisphere views of Mars were pieced together from MGS wide-angle camera scans made in early March (blue and red lines mark the scan edges). Water-ice clouds can be seen hovering over the surface while the north polar cap is visible at the top of each image.",1999-03-19,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -ESO202-G23: Merging Galaxies,SO202-G23 is a colorful mess. It is a collision between two galaxies taking place over hundreds of millions of years. The representative colors give astronomers some idea of what is going on. Visible in this jumble is an active nucleus spewing ultraviolet radiation which lights up surrounding gas (blue); galactic arms contorted by the gravity of the collision (green); a star forming complex left of center (blue); and dust (red). In billions of years this mess might settle into a relatively normal looking galaxy.,1999-01-01,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Earthset from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter,"On the Moon, the Earth never rises -- or sets. If you were to sit on the surface of the Moon, you would see the Earth just hang in the sky. This is because the Moon always keeps the same side toward the Earth. Curiously, the featured image does picture the Earth setting over a lunar edge. This was possible because the image was taken from a spacecraft orbiting the Moon - specifically the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). In fact, LRO orbits the Moon so fast that, from the spacecraft, the Earth appears to set anew about every two hours. The featured image captured one such Earthset about three months ago. By contrast, from the surface of the Earth, the Moon sets about once a day -- with the primary cause being the rotation of the Earth. LRO was launched in 2009 and, while creating a detailed three dimensional map of the Moon's surface, is also surveying the Moon for water and possible good landing spots for future astronauts. Free APOD Lectures: Editor to speak this coming weekend in Philadelphia and New York City",2016-01-04,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Wanderers,"How far out will humanity explore? If this video's fusion of real space imagery and fictional space visualizations is on the right track, then at least the Solar System. Some of the video's wondrous sequences depict future humans drifting through the rings of Saturn, exploring Jupiter from a nearby spacecraft, and jumping off a high cliff in the low gravity of a moon of Uranus. Although no one can know the future, wandering and exploring beyond boundaries -- both physical and intellectual -- is part of the human spirit and has frequently served humanity well in the past.",2014-12-08,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -M104: The Sombrero Galaxy,"The famous Sombrero galaxy (M104) is a bright nearby spiral galaxy. The prominent dust lane and halo of stars and globular clusters give this galaxy its name. Something very energetic is going on in the Sombrero's center, as much X-ray light has been detected from it. This X-ray emission coupled with unusually high central stellar velocities cause many astronomers to speculate that a black hole lies at the Sombrero's center - a black hole a billion times the mass of our Sun. This image was taken in blue light by the 0.9 meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory.",1995-11-09,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -M57: The Ring Nebula,"cept for the rings of Saturn, the Ring Nebula (M57) is probably the most famous celestial band. This planetary nebula's simple, graceful appearance is thought to be due to perspective -- our view from planet Earth looking straight into what is actually a barrel-shaped cloud of gas shrugged off by a dying central star. Astronomers of the Hubble Heritage Project produced this strikingly sharp image from Hubble Space Telescope observations using natural appearing colors to indicate the temperature of the stellar gas shroud. Hot blue gas near the energizing central star gives way to progressively cooler green and yellow gas at greater distances with the coolest red gas along the outer boundary. Dark, elongated structures can also be seen near the nebula's edge. The Ring Nebula is about one light-year across and 2,000 light-years away in the northern constellation Lyra.",2001-07-29,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Complex Jupiter,"How complex is Jupiter? NASA's Juno mission to Jupiter is finding the Jovian giant to be more complicated than expected. Jupiter's magnetic field has been discovered to be much different from our Earth's simple dipole field, showing several poles embedded in a complicated network more convoluted in the north than the south. Further, Juno's radio measurements show that Jupiter's atmosphere shows structure well below the upper cloud deck -- even hundreds of kilometers deep. Jupiter's newfound complexity is evident also in southern clouds, as shown in the featured image. There, planet-circling zones and belts that dominate near the equator decay into a complex miasma of continent-sized storm swirls. Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.",2018-06-05,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Phobos over Mars,"Why is Phobos so dark? Phobos, the largest and innermost of the two Martian moons, is the darkest moon in the entire Solar System. Its unusual orbit and color indicate that it may be a captured asteroid composed of a mixture of ice and dark rock. The featured assigned-color picture of Phobos near the edge of Mars was captured in late 2021 by ESA's robot spacecraft Mars Express, currently orbiting Mars. Phobos is a heavily cratered and barren moon, with its largest crater located on the far side. From images like this, Phobos has been determined to be covered by perhaps a meter of loose dust. Phobos orbits so close to Mars that from some places it would appear to rise and set twice a day, while from other places it would not be visible at all. Phobos' orbit around Mars is continually decaying -- it will likely break up with pieces crashing to the Martian surface in about 50 million years. Your Sky Surprise: What picture did APOD feature on your birthday? (post 1995)",2023-07-31,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -The Veins of Heaven,"Transfusing sunlight through a still dark sky, this exceptional display of noctilucent clouds was captured earlier this month, reflected in the calm waters of Vallentuna Lake near Stockholm, Sweden. From the edge of space, about 80 kilometers above Earth's surface, the icy clouds themselves still reflect sunlight even though the Sun is below the horizon as seen from the ground. Usually spotted at high latitudes in summer months the night shining clouds have made a strong showing so far during the short northern summer nights. Also known as polar mesopheric clouds they are understood to form as water vapor driven into the cold upper atmosphere condenses on the fine dust particles supplied by disintegrating meteors or volcanic ash. NASA's AIM mission provides daily projections of noctilucent clouds as seen from space.",2019-07-26,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Eta Car: 3D Model of the Most Dangerous Star Known,"What's the most dangerous star near earth? Many believe it's Eta Carinae, a binary star system about 100 times the mass of the Sun, just 10,000 light years from earth. Eta Carinae is a ticking time bomb, set to explode as a supernova in only a few million years, when it may bathe the earth in dangerous gamma rays. The star suffered a notorious outburst in the 1840s when it became the brightest star in the southern sky, only to fade to obscurity within decades. The star was not destroyed, but lies hidden behind a thick, expanding, double-lobed structure called the Homunculus which now surrounds the binary. Studies of this ejecta provide forensic clues about the explosion. Using observations from NASA satellites we can now visualize the 3D distribution of the shrapnel, all the way from the infrared, through optical and UV, to the outermost shell of million-degree material, visible only in X-rays.",2022-02-09,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -A Sagittarius Starscape,"Many vast star fields in the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy are rich in clouds of stars, dust, and gas. First and foremost, visible in the above picture are millions of stars, many of which are similar to our Sun. Next huge filaments of dark interstellar dust run across the image and block the light from millions of more stars yet further across our Galaxy. The bright red region on the left is the Omega Nebula, an emission nebula of mostly hot hydrogen gas also known as M17. A small bright grouping of stars near the image center is the open cluster M18, while the long bright streak of stars just right of center is M24. On the far right of the image is the picturesque red emission nebula IC 1283 flanked by two blue reflection nebulas NGC 6589 and NGC 6590. These objects are visible with a small telescope toward the constellation of Sagittarius.",2002-09-18,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Eclipsed Moon in Infrared,"The total lunar eclipse of September 1996 disappointed many observers in North America who were cursed with cloudy skies. However, the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) satellite had a spectacular view from Earth orbit and SPIRIT III, an on board infrared telescope, was used to repeatedly image the moon during the eclipse. Above is one of the images taken during the 70 minute totality, the Moon completely immersed in the Earth's shadow. Infrared light has wavelengths longer than visible light - humans can not see it but feel it as heat. The bright spots correspond to the warm areas on the lunar surface, dark areas are cooler. The brightest spot below and left of center is the crater Tycho, the dark region at the upper right is the Mare Crisium. The series of SPIRIT III images allow the determination of cooling rates for geologically different areas, exploring the physical properties of the Moon's surface.",2003-11-08,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Massive Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841,"It is one of the more massive galaxies known. A mere 46 million light-years distant, spiral galaxy NGC 2841 can be found in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. This sharp view of the gorgeous island universe shows off a striking yellow nucleus and galactic disk. Dust lanes, small, pink star-forming regions, and young blue star clusters are embedded in the patchy, tightly wound spiral arms. In contrast, many other spirals exhibit grand, sweeping arms with large star-forming regions. NGC 2841 has a diameter of over 150,000 light-years, even larger than our own Milky Way and captured by this composite image merging exposures from the orbiting 2.4-meter Hubble Space Telescope and the ground-based 8.2-meter Subaru Telescope. X-ray images suggest that resulting winds and stellar explosions create plumes of hot gas extending into a halo around NGC 2841.",2015-04-28,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Apollo 14 Heads for Home,"When leaving lunar orbit in February 1971, the crew of Apollo 14 watched this Earthrise from their command module Kitty Hawk. With Earth's sunlit crescent just peeking over the lunar horizon, the cratered terrain in the foreground is along the lunar farside. Of course, while orbiting the Moon, the crew could watch Earth rise and set, but the Earth hung stationary in the sky over Fra Mauro Base, their landing site on the lunar surface. Rock samples brought back by the Apollo 14 mission included a 20 pound rock nicknamed Big Bertha, later determined to contain a likely fragment of a meteorite from planet Earth.",2020-02-01,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Bright Comet SOHO,"Discovered this month with an orbiting solar observatory, bright Comet SOHO has now emerged from the Sun's glare. This telephoto picture of the new naked-eye comet was taken by astrophotographer Michael Horn after sunset in the western twilight above Lake Samsonvale, Brisbane, Australia on May 18. The comet is seen in the constellation Orion. Its long lovely tail stretches nearly 5 degrees to the bright star Bellatrix, near the top of the image. For Southern Hemisphere comet watchers, views of Comet SOHO (1998J1) will improve as this month draws to a close and the comet climbs to the south and east on its journey outward bound. In February 1999, NASA plans to launch the Stardust mission to fly close to a comet and return samples of dust from a comet's tail.",1998-05-21,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Reflections on the Inner Solar System,"Only Mars is missing from this reflective view of the major rocky bodies of the inner solar system. Captured on July 8th, the serene, twilight picture looks out over the Flat Tops Wilderness area from near Toponas, Colorado, USA and includes planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Earth's large natural satellite, the Moon. The Moon is in a young crescent phase about three degrees above bright planet Venus. Forest fires contribute to a layer of smoke in Earth's sky that almost hides planet Mercury, still visible very near the horizon. Just a week earlier Venus and Mercury were joined by Saturn, forming a notable grouping in the west also enjoyed by skygazers across planet Earth.",2005-07-15,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Green Flash at Moonrise,"Follow a sunset on a clear day against a distant horizon and you might glimpse a green flash just as the Sun disappears, the sunlight briefly refracted over a long sight-line through atmospheric layers. You can spot a green flash at sunrise too. Pinpointing the exact place and time to see the rising Sun peeking above the horizon is a little more difficult though, and it can be harder still to catch a green flash from the fainter rising Moon. But well-planned snapshots did record a green flash at the Full Moon's upper edge on June 2nd, from the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the Canary Island of La Palma. Looking a little south of due east, this long telephoto view finds the rising Moon above mountains and a sea of clouds. In sunlit profile are the mountaintop Teide Observatory telescope domes on the island of Tenerife some 143 kilometers away.",2015-06-05,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -A View Toward M106,"Big, bright, beautiful spiral, Messier 106 dominates this cosmic vista. The nearly two degree wide telescopic field of view looks toward the well-trained constellation Canes Venatici, near the handle of the Big Dipper. Also known as NGC 4258, M106 is about 80,000 light-years across and 23.5 million light-years away, the largest member of the Canes II galaxy group. For a far far away galaxy, the distance to M106 is well-known in part because it can be directly measured by tracking this galaxy's remarkable maser, or microwave laser emission. Very rare but naturally occurring, the maser emission is produced by water molecules in molecular clouds orbiting its active galactic nucleus. Another prominent spiral galaxy on the scene, viewed nearly edge-on, is NGC 4217 below and right of M106. The distance to NGC 4217 is much less well-known, estimated to be about 60 million light-years, but the bright spiky stars are in the foreground, well inside our own Milky Way galaxy.",2024-02-22,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Galaxy Cluster Gas Creates Hole in Microwave Background,"Why would this cluster of galaxy punch a hole in the cosmic microwave background (CMB)? First, the famous CMB was created by cooling gas in the early universe and flies right through most gas and dust in the universe. It is all around us. Large clusters of galaxies have enough gravity to contain very hot gas -- gas hot enough to up-scatter microwave photons into light of significantly higher energy, thereby creating a hole in CMB maps. This Sunyaev�Zel'dovich (SZ) effect has been used for decades to reveal new information about hot gas in clusters and even to help discover galaxy clusters in a simple yet uniform way. Pictured is the most detailed image yet obtained of the SZ effect, now using both ALMA to measure the CMB and the Hubble Space Telescope to measure the galaxies in the massive galaxy cluster RX J1347.5-1145. False-color blue depicts light from the CMB, while almost every yellow object is a galaxy. The shape of the SZ hole indicates not only that hot gas is present in this galaxy cluster, but also that it is distributed in a surprisingly uneven manner.",2017-04-10,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula,"Ten thousand years ago, before the dawn of recorded human history, a new light must suddenly have appeared in the night sky and faded after a few weeks. Today we know this light was an exploding star and record the colorful expanding cloud as the Veil Nebula. Pictured above is the west end of the Veil Nebula known technically as NGC 6960 but less formally as the Witch's Broom Nebula. The rampaging gas gains its colors by impacting and exciting existing nearby gas. The supernova remnant lies about 1400 light-years away towards the constellation of Cygnus. This Witch's Broom actually spans over three times the angular size of the full Moon. The bright star 52 Cygnus is visible with the unaided eye from a dark location but unrelated to the ancient supernova.",2004-03-02,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -Conjunction by the Sea,"rly morning risers were treated to a beautiful conjunction of Venus and waning Crescent Moon on June 24, captured in this seaside photo near Belmar, New Jersey, USA, planet Earth. The serene celestial pairing is seen above the Atlantic Ocean horizon as the eastern sky grows brighter with dawn's early light. Wispy, scattered clouds appear in silhouette. But the exposure also reveals the night side of the lunar orb in the arms of the sunlit crescent. That shadowed part of the Moon, with hints of the smooth, dark lunar seas or maria, is illuminated by Earthshine, sunlight reflected from planet Earth itself.",2014-06-26,astronomy,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -433 Eros (A898 PA),NEO with diameter between 22.01 and 49.21 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -719 Albert (A911 TB),NEO with diameter between 2.03 and 4.53 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -887 Alinda (A918 AA),NEO with diameter between 4.53 and 10.14 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1036 Ganymed (A924 UB),NEO with diameter between 38.78 and 86.70 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1221 Amor (1932 EA1),NEO with diameter between 0.89 and 1.99 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1566 Icarus (1949 MA),NEO with diameter between 1.30 and 2.91 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1580 Betulia (1950 KA),NEO with diameter between 3.08 and 6.89 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1620 Geographos (1951 RA),NEO with diameter between 2.35 and 5.25 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1627 Ivar (1929 SH),NEO with diameter between 7.22 and 16.15 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1685 Toro (1948 OA),NEO with diameter between 3.70 and 8.28 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1862 Apollo (1932 HA),NEO with diameter between 1.62 and 3.61 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1863 Antinous (1948 EA),NEO with diameter between 2.15 and 4.81 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1864 Daedalus (1971 FA),NEO with diameter between 2.85 and 6.37 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1865 Cerberus (1971 UA),NEO with diameter between 1.17 and 2.61 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1866 Sisyphus (1972 XA),NEO with diameter between 8.41 and 18.79 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1915 Quetzalcoatl (1953 EA),NEO with diameter between 0.56 and 1.25 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1916 Boreas (1953 RA),NEO with diameter between 2.72 and 6.08 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1917 Cuyo (1968 AA),NEO with diameter between 3.50 and 7.84 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1943 Anteros (1973 EC),NEO with diameter between 1.93 and 4.31 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 -1980 Tezcatlipoca (1950 LA),NEO with diameter between 4.56 and 10.19 km,,neo,NASA,2024-12-20 19:47:01.374721 +date,explanation,hdurl,media_type,service_version,title,url,copyright,data_type,links,id,neo_reference_id,name,name_limited,designation,nasa_jpl_url,absolute_magnitude_h,estimated_diameter,is_potentially_hazardous_asteroid,close_approach_data,orbital_data,is_sentry_object,source,scrape_timestamp +2017-04-10,"Why would this cluster of galaxy punch a hole in the cosmic microwave background (CMB)? First, the famous CMB was created by cooling gas in the early universe and flies right through most gas and dust in the universe. It is all around us. Large clusters of galaxies have enough gravity to contain very hot gas -- gas hot enough to up-scatter microwave photons into light of significantly higher energy, thereby creating a hole in CMB maps. This Sunyaev�Zel'dovich (SZ) effect has been used for decades to reveal new information about hot gas in clusters and even to help discover galaxy clusters in a simple yet uniform way. Pictured is the most detailed image yet obtained of the SZ effect, now using both ALMA to measure the CMB and the Hubble Space Telescope to measure the galaxies in the massive galaxy cluster RX J1347.5-1145. False-color blue depicts light from the CMB, while almost every yellow object is a galaxy. The shape of the SZ hole indicates not only that hot gas is present in this galaxy cluster, but also that it is distributed in a surprisingly uneven manner.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1704/GalaxyClusterSZ_AlmaHubble_800.jpg,image,v1,Galaxy Cluster Gas Creates Hole in Microwave Background,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1704/GalaxyClusterSZ_AlmaHubble_960.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2024-04-02,"Only in the fleeting darkness of a total solar eclipse is the light of the solar corona easily visible. Normally overwhelmed by the bright solar disk, the expansive corona, the sun's outer atmosphere, is an alluring sight. But the subtle details and extreme ranges in the corona's brightness, although discernible to the eye, are notoriously difficult to photograph. Pictured here, however, using multiple images and digital processing, is a detailed image of the Sun's corona taken during the April 20, 2023 total solar eclipse from Exmouth, Australia. Clearly visible are intricate layers and glowing caustics of an ever changing mixture of hot gas and magnetic fields. Bright looping prominences appear pink just around the Sun's limb. A similar solar corona might be visible through clear skies in a narrow swath across the North America during the total solar eclipse that occurs just six days from today NASA Coverage: Total Solar Eclipse of 2024 April 8",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2404/CoronaExmouth_Hart_1920.jpg,image,v1,Detailed View of a Solar Eclipse Corona,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2404/CoronaExmouth_Hart_1080.jpg," +Phil Hart +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2017-10-29,"What spooky planet is this? Planet Earth of course, on a dark and stormy night in 2013 at Hverir, a geothermally active area along the volcanic landscape in northeastern Iceland. Geomagnetic storms produced the auroral display in the starry night sky while ghostly towers of steam and gas venting from fumaroles danced against the eerie greenish light. Tonight, there is also a chance for geomagnetic storms triggered by recent solar activity, so high-latitude skygazers should beware. Ghostly shapes may dance in your neighborhood pretty soon, too.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1710/Hverir_Vetter_1300.jpg,image,v1,Night on a Spooky Planet,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1710/Hverir_Vetter_960.jpg,"Stéphane +Vetter",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +1995-08-28,"August 28, 1995 Dusty Galaxy Centaurus A Credit: NOAO, Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory Explanation: One of the most unusual galaxies known, Centaurus A, is pictured above. Cen A is marked by dramatic dust lanes that run across the galaxy's center. These dust lanes are so thick they almost completely obscure the galaxy's center in visible light. Our Milky Way Galaxy contains dust, but not in the same proportion. Cen A is also unusual compared to a normal galaxy because it contains a higher proportion of young blue stars, is a very strong source of radio emission, and has a unique structure. Cen A is thought to be the result of the collision of two normal galaxies.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/cenA_ctio.gif,image,v1,Dusty Galaxy Centaurus A,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/cenA_ctio.gif,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2012-01-20,"A Full Moon rising can be a dramatic celestial sight, and Full Moons can have many names. Captured on January 8 from Östersund, Sweden, this evocative moonrise portrait might make you feel the cold of winter in the north. If you can also imagine wolves howling in the distance then you probably understand why Native Americans would have called it the Wolf Moon, their traditional name for the first Full Moon in January. The photographer reports that no wolves were heard though, as he watched this beautiful Full Moon rise in fading light over the eastern horizon, echoing the yellow color of the setting Sun. Of course, due this year on February 7, the next Full Moon will be the Snow Moon.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1201/GS_20120108_Moon_0010.jpg,image,v1,The Wolf's Moon,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1201/GS_20120108_Moon_0010_900.jpg,Göran Strand,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2000-05-25,"Since April 30, the robotic NEAR-Shoemaker spacecraft has been orbiting only 31 miles from asteroid Eros. Cruising over the asteroid's north and south poles at a leisurely 7 miles per hour, the spacecraft completes an orbit once every 1.2 earth days. This dramatic horizon view recorded by the spacecraft's camera on May 18 spans about 0.8 miles and reveals features as small as 13 feet across. Emphasized by long, harsh shadows produced by the low sun angle, the rolling surface of Eros is seen to be strewn with boulders and craters with a range of sizes. The jagged-looking boulder near the picture center is over 190 feet tall. While gathering sharp pictures of Eros' surface, experimenters will also take advantage of the close orbit to explore the asteroid's surface composition and internal structure, and search for a magnetic field.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0005/near_00522.jpg,image,v1,Eros Horizon View,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0005/near_00522_sharp.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2020-06-11,"Big, beautiful, barred spiral galaxy NGC 1300 lies some 70 million light-years away on the banks of the constellation Eridanus. This Hubble Space Telescope composite view of the gorgeous island universe is one of the largest Hubble images ever made of a complete galaxy. NGC 1300 spans over 100,000 light-years and the Hubble image reveals striking details of the galaxy's dominant central bar and majestic spiral arms. In fact, on close inspection the nucleus of this classic barred spiral itself shows a remarkable region of spiral structure about 3,000 light-years across. Like other spiral galaxies, including our own Milky Way, NGC 1300 is thought to have a supermassive central black hole.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2006/NGC1300HSTfull.jpg,image,v1,Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2006/NGC1300HST1200.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2008-11-27,"Large galaxies grow by eating small ones. Even our own galaxy practices galactic cannibalism, absorbing small galaxies that get too close and are captured by the Milky Way's gravity. In fact, the practice is common in the universe and well illustrated by this striking pair of interacting galaxies from the banks of the southern constellation Eridanus (The River). Located over 50 million light years away, the large, distorted spiral NGC 1532 is seen locked in a gravitational struggle with dwarf galaxy NGC 1531, a struggle the smaller galaxy will eventually lose. Seen edge-on, spiral NGC 1532 spans about 100,000 light-years. The NGC 1532/1531 pair is thought to be similar to the system of face-on spiral and small companion known as M51, the Whirlpool Galaxy.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/NGC1532_gendler.jpg,image,v1,Galaxies in the River,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/NGC1532_gendler_c800.jpg,Robert Gendler,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2009-11-11,"Where can a telescope take you? Four hundred years ago, a telescope took Galileo to the Moon to discover craters, to Saturn to discover rings, to Jupiter to discover moons, to Venus to discover phases, and to the Sun to discover spots. Today, in celebration of Galileo's telescopic achievements and as part of the International Year of Astronomy, NASA has used its entire fleet of Great Observatories, and the Internet, to bring the center of our Galaxy to you. Pictured above, in greater detail and in more colors than ever seen before, are the combined images of the Hubble Space Telescope in near-infrared light, the Spitzer Space Telescope in infrared light, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory in X-ray light. A menagerie of vast star fields is visible, along with dense star clusters, long filaments of gas and dust, expanding supernova remnants, and the energetic surroundings of what likely is our Galaxy's central black hole. Many of these features are labeled on a complementary annotated image. Of course, a telescope's magnification and light-gathering ability create only an image of what a human could see if visiting these places. To actually go requires rockets.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/galacticcenter_greatobs_big.jpg,image,v1,Great Observatories Explore Galactic Center,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/galacticcenter_greatobs.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2000-09-27,"Pictured above on September 3rd, the enclosure for the 8.2 meter telescope christened Yepun glints dramatically in the light of the setting sun. Later that evening, under dark skies at Paranal Observatory, Chile, astronomers and engineers successfully captured Yepun's first light images, making Yepun the fourth and final unit of the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (VLT) array to reach this milestone. Ultimately, the light from the three other 8.2 meter unit telescopes (Antu, Kueyen, and Melipal) will be combined with Yepun's to achieve an effective aperture of 16.4 meters -- creating the world's largest optical telescope. But the next major step will be to combine beams from two of the telescopes creating an interferometer. The upper part of the mostly subterranean interferometer lab is the building in front of the telescope enclosure. The VLT unit telescope names have been taken from the Mapuche language. Originally thought to refer to the bright star Sirius, the word Yepun is now believed by linguists to mean Venus or evening star.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0009/yepun_esovlt_big.jpg,image,v1,Yepun,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0009/yepun_esovlt.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2023-07-20,"This magnificent spiral galaxy is Messier 64, often called the Black Eye Galaxy or the Sleeping Beauty Galaxy for its dark-lidded appearance in telescopic views. The spiral's central region, about 7,400 light-years across, is pictured in this reprocessed image from the Hubble Space Telescope. M64 lies some 17 million light-years distant in the otherwise well-groomed northern constellation Coma Berenices. The enormous dust clouds partially obscuring M64's central region are laced with young, blue star clusters and the reddish glow of hydrogen associated with star forming regions. But imposing clouds of dust are not this galaxy's only peculiar feature. Observations show that M64 is actually composed of two concentric, counter-rotating systems. While all the stars in M64 rotate in the same direction as the interstellar gas in the galaxy's central region, gas in the outer regions, extending to about 40,000 light-years, rotates in the opposite direction. The dusty eye and bizarre rotation are likely the result of a billion year old merger of two different galaxies.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2307/M64Hubble.jpg,image,v1,M64: The Black Eye Galaxy Close Up,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2307/M64Hubble1024.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2002-09-22,"Two hours before closest approach to Neptune in 1989, the Voyager 2 robot spacecraft snapped this picture. Clearly visible for the first time were long light-colored cirrus-type clouds floating high in Neptune's atmosphere. Shadows of these clouds can even be seen on lower cloud decks. Most of Neptune's atmosphere is made of hydrogen and helium, which is invisible. Neptune's blue color therefore comes from smaller amounts of atmospheric methane, which preferentially absorbs red light. Neptune has the fastest winds in the Solar System, with gusts reaching 2000 kilometers per hour. Speculation holds that diamonds may be created in the dense hot conditions that exist under the clouds-tops of Uranus and Neptune.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0209/neptuneclouds_vg2_big.jpg,image,v1,Two Hours Before Neptune,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0209/neptuneclouds_vg2.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2012-04-12,"On another April 12th, in 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Alexseyevich Gagarin became the first human to see planet Earth from space. Commenting on his view from orbit he reported, ""The sky is very dark; the Earth is bluish. Everything is seen very clearly"". To celebrate, consider this recent image from the orbiting International Space Station. A stunning view of the planet at night from an altitude of 240 miles, it was recorded on March 28. The lights of Moscow, Russia are near picture center and one of the station's solar panel arrays is on the left. Aurora and the glare of sunlight lie along the planet's gently curving horizon. Stars above the horizon include the compact Pleiades star cluster, immersed in the auroral glow.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1204/iss030e185321.jpg,image,v1,Yuri's Planet,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1204/iss030e185321_900.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2019-01-05,"On January 3, the Chinese Chang'e-4 spacecraft made the first successful landing on the Moon's farside. Taken by a camera on board the lander, this image is from the landing site inside Von Karman crater. It shows the desk-sized, six-wheeled Yutu 2 (Jade Rabbit 2) rover as it rolled down lander ramps and across the surface near local sunrise and the start of the two week long lunar day. Ripe for exploration, Von Karman crater itself is 186 kilometers in diameter. It lies within the Moon's old and deep South Pole-Aitken impact basin with some of the most ancient and least understood lunar terrains. To bridge communications from the normally hidden hemisphere of the Moon, China launched a relay satellite, Queqiao, in May of 2018 in to an orbit beyond the lunar farside.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1901/Jan3yutu2CNSA.jpg,image,v1,Yutu 2 on the Farside,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1901/Jan3yutu2CNSA1024.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2007-09-03,"The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there. The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light. Blue light from the star Rho Ophiuchi and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light. The Earth's daytime sky appears blue for the same reason. The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula's atomic and molecular gas. Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas. The dark regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them. The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible above on far lower left, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/rhooph_noao_big.jpg,image,v1,The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/rhooph_noao.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2005-08-18,"Discovered in 1866, main belt asteroid 87 Sylvia lies 3.5 AU from the Sun, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Also shown in recent years to be one in a growing list of double asteroids, new observations during August and October 2004 made at the Paranal Observatory convincingly demonstrate that 87 Sylvia in fact has two moonlets - the first known triple asteroid system. At the center of this composite of the image data, potato-shaped 87 Sylvia itself is about 380 kilometers wide. The data show inner moon, Remus, orbiting Sylvia at a distance of about 710 kilometers once every 33 hours, while outer moon Romulus orbits at 1360 kilometers in 87.6 hours. Tiny Remus and Romulus are 7 and 18 kilometers across respectively. Because 87 Sylvia was named after Rhea Silvia, the mythical mother of the founders of Rome, the discoverers proposed Romulus and Remus as fitting names for the two moonlets. The triple system is thought to be the not uncommon result of collisions producing low density, rubble pile asteroids that are loose aggregations of debris.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0508/sylvia_compo680.jpg,image,v1,"Sylvia, Romulus and Remus",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0508/sylvia_compo680.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2022-04-12,"Massive stars, abrasive winds, mountains of dust, and energetic light sculpt one of the largest and most picturesque regions of star formation in the Local Group of Galaxies. Known as N11, the region is visible on the upper right of many images of its home galaxy, the Milky Way neighbor known as the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The featured image was taken for scientific purposes by the Hubble Space Telescope and reprocessed for artistry. Although the section imaged above is known as NGC 1763, the entire N11 emission nebula is second in LMC size only to the Tarantula Nebula. Compact globules of dark dust housing emerging young stars are also visible around the image. A recent study of variable stars in the LMC with Hubble has helped to recalibrate the distance scale of the observable universe, but resulted in a slightly different scale than found using the pervasive cosmic microwave background. Astrophysicists: Browse 2,700+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2204/N11_HubbleLake_1600.jpg,image,v1,N11: Star Clouds of the LMC,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2204/N11_HubbleLake_960.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2004-06-27,"Two billion light-years away, galaxy cluster Abell 1689 is one of the most massive objects in the Universe. In this view from the Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys, Abell 1689 is seen to warp space as predicted by Einstein's theory of gravity -- bending light from individual galaxies which lie behind the cluster to produce multiple, curved images. The power of this enormous gravitational lens depends on its mass, but the visible matter, in the form of the cluster's yellowish galaxies, only accounts for about one percent of the mass needed to make the observed bluish arcing images of background galaxies. In fact, most of the gravitational mass required to warp space enough to explain this cosmic scale lensing is in the form of still mysterious dark matter. As the dominant source of the cluster's gravity, the dark matter's unseen presence is mapped out by the lensed arcs and distorted background galaxy images.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0301/abell1689_hstacs_full.jpg,image,v1,Galaxy Cluster Abell 1689 Warps Space,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0301/abell1689_hstacs_c1.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2012-10-30,"Is this what will become of our Sun? Quite possibly. The bubble of expanding gas pictured above is the planetary nebula PK 164 +31.1, the remnants of the atmosphere of a Sun-like star expelled as its supply of fusion-able core hydrogen became depleted. Visible near the center of the nebula is what remains of the core itself -- a blue-hot white dwarf star. This particularly photogenic planetary nebula shows intricate shells of gas likely expelled at different times toward the end the star's demise, and whose structure is not fully understood. This deep image of PK 164 +31.1 from the Calar Alto Observatory in Spain shows many other stars from our own Milky Way Galaxy as well as several galaxies far in the distance. PK 164 +31, also known as Jones-Emberson 1, lies about 1,600 light years away toward the constellation of the Wildcat (Lynx). Due to its faintness (magnitude 17) and low surface brightness, the object is only visible with a good-sized telescope. Although the expanding nebula will fade away over the next few thousand years, the central white dwarf may well survive for billions of years -- to when our universe may be a very different place.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1210/pk164_caha_1866.jpg,image,v1,Planetary Nebula PK 164 +31.1,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1210/pk164_caha_960.jpg," +Descubre Foundation, +CAHA, +OAUV, +DSA, +Vicent Peris (OAUV), +Jack Harvey (SSRO), +PixInsight +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2023-07-09,"Carinae may be about to explode. But no one knows when - it may be next year, it may be one million years from now. Eta Carinae's mass - about 100 times greater than our Sun - makes it an excellent candidate for a full blown supernova. Historical records do show that about 170 years ago Eta Carinae underwent an unusual outburst that made it one of the brightest stars in the southern sky. Eta Carinae, in the Keyhole Nebula, is the only star currently thought to emit natural LASER light. This featured image brings out details in the unusual nebula that surrounds this rogue star. Diffraction spikes, caused by the telescope, are visible as bright multi-colored streaks emanating from Eta Carinae's center. Two distinct lobes of the Homunculus Nebula encompass the hot central region, while some strange radial streaks are visible in red extending toward the image right. The lobes are filled with lanes of gas and dust which absorb the blue and ultraviolet light emitted near the center. The streaks, however, remain unexplained.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2307/EtaCarinae_HubbleSchmidt_1764.jpg,image,v1,Doomed Star Eta Carinae,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2307/EtaCarinae_HubbleSchmidt_960.jpg," +NASA, +ESA, +Hubble; + Processing & +License: +Judy Schmidt +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2017-02-05,"Some moons wouldn't survive the collision. Tethys, one of Saturn's larger moons at about 1000 kilometers in diameter, survived the collision, but today exhibits the resulting expansive impact crater Odysseus. Sometimes called the Great Basin, Odysseus occurs on the leading hemisphere of Tethys and shows its great age by the relative amount of smaller craters that occur inside its towering walls. The density of Tethys is similar to water-ice. The featured image was captured in November by the robotic Cassini spacecraft in orbit around Saturn as it swooped past the giant ice ball. Cassini has now started on its Grand Finale Tour which will take it inside Saturn's rings and culminate in September with a dive into Saturn's thick atmosphere.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/Tethys_Cassini_1020.jpg,image,v1,Odysseus Crater on Tethys,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/Tethys_Cassini_960.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2019-04-26,"Tracking along the southern Milky Way this beautiful celestial mosaic was recorded under dark Brazilian skies. Spanning some 20 degrees it actually starts with the dark expanse of the Coalsack nebula at the lower left, tucked under an arm of the Southern Cross. That compact constellation is topped by bright yellowish Gamma Crucis, a cool giant star a mere 88 light-years distant. A line from Gamma Crucis through the blue star at the bottom of the cross, Alpha Crucis, points toward the South Celestial Pole. Follow the Milky Way to the right and your gaze will sweep across IC 2948, popularly known as the Running Chicken nebula, before it reaches Eta Carinae and the Carina Nebula near the right edge of the frame. About 200 light-years across, the Carina Nebula is a star forming region much larger than the more northerly stellar nursery the Orion Nebula. The Carina Nebula lies around 7,500 light-years from Earth along the plane of the Milky Way.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1904/FairbairnCROSSTOCARINA1024.jpg,image,v1,Southern Cross to Eta Carinae,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1904/FairbairnCROSSTOCARINA.jpg,Carlos Fairbairn,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2008-04-26,"The Tarantula Nebula is more than 1,000 light-years in diameter -- a giant star forming region within our neighboring galaxy the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). That cosmic arachnid lies at the upper left of this expansive mosiac covering a part of the LMC over 6,000 light-years across. Within the Tarantula (NGC 2070), intense radiation, stellar winds and supernova shocks from the central young cluster of massive stars, cataloged as R136, energize the nebular glow and shape the spidery filaments. Around the Tarantula are other violent star-forming regions with young star clusters, filaments and bubble-shaped clouds. The small but expanding remnant of supernova 1987a, the closest supernova in modern history, is located near the center of the view. The rich field is about as wide as four full moons on the sky, located in the southern constellation Dorado.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0804/Tarantulamosaic_gendler.jpg,image,v1,The Tarantula Zone,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0804/Tarantulamosaic_gendler800.jpg,Robert Gendler,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2002-12-29,"Globular clusters once ruled the Milky Way. Back in the old days, back when our Galaxy first formed, perhaps thousands of globular clusters roamed our Galaxy. Today, there are perhaps 200 left. Many globular clusters were destroyed over the eons by repeated fateful encounters with each other or the Galactic center. Surviving relics are older than any Earth fossil, older than any other structures in our Galaxy, and limit the universe itself in raw age. There are few, if any, young globular clusters in our Milky Way Galaxy because conditions are not ripe for more to form. Things are different next door, however, in the neighboring LMC galaxy. Pictured above is a ""young"" globular cluster residing there: NGC 1818. Observations show it formed only about 40 million years ago - just yesterday compared to the 12 billion year ages of globular clusters in our own Milky Way",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0103/ngc1818_hst_big.jpg,image,v1,NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0103/ngc1818_hst.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2001-09-09,"Hot blue stars shine brightly in this beautiful, recently formed galactic or ""open"" star cluster. Open cluster NGC 3293 is located in the constellation Carina, lies at a distance of about 8000 light years, and has a particularly high abundance of these young bright stars. A study of NGC 3293 implies that the blue stars are only about 6 million years old, whereas the cluster's dimmer, redder stars appear to be about 20 million years old. If true, star formation in this open cluster took at least 15 million years. Even this amount of time is short, however, when compared with the billions of years stars like our Sun live, and the over-ten billion year lifetimes of many galaxies and our universe. NGC 3293 appears just in front of a dense dust lane emanating from the Carina Nebula.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0109/ngc3293_aao.jpg,image,v1,NGC 3293: A Bright Young Open Cluster,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0109/ngc3293_aao_big.jpg,AAO,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +1997-09-05,"Twenty five years ago humans roamed the Moon. Pictured here during the last moon landing, scientist-astronaut Harrison Schmitt was photographed standing next to a huge, split boulder. Apollo 17 was one of six missions that landed humans on the moon and returned them safely. Apollo 17 explored the unusually dark terrain at the Taurus-Littrow landing site, deployed explosives to test the internal geology of the Moon, and returned the most rocks of any lunar mission.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9709/boulder_a17_big.jpg,image,v1,Apollo 17: Boulder on the Moon,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9709/boulder_a17.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +1997-06-09,"Do other planets have aurora? Terrestrial and spacecraft observations have found evidence for aurora on Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. In the above false-color photograph, a good portion of an auroral ring was captured recently in optical light by the Galileo spacecraft in orbit around Jupiter. Auroral rings encircle a planet's magnetic pole, and result from charged particles spiraling down magnetic field lines. Although the surroundings near Jupiter are much different than Earth, the auroral rings appear similar.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/jup_aring_big.jpg,image,v1,An Auroral Ring on Jupiter,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/jup_aring.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2015-01-31,"Infrared wavelengths of 3.6, 8.0, and 24.0 microns observed by the Spitzer Space Telescope are mapped into visible colors red, green, and blue in this striking image. The cosmic cloud of gas and dust is W33, a massive starforming complex some 13,000 light-years distant, near the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy. So what are all those yellow balls? Citizen scientists of the web-based Milky Way Project found the features they called yellow balls as they scanned many Spitzer images and persistently asked that question of researchers. Now there is an answer. The yellow balls in Spitzer images are identified as an early stage of massive star formation. They appear yellow because they are overlapping regions of red and green, the assigned colors that correspond to dust and organic molecules known as PAHs at Spitzer wavelengths. Yellow balls represent the stage before newborn massive stars clear out cavities in their surrounding gas and dust and appear as green-rimmed bubbles with red centers in the Spitzer image. Of course, the astronomical crowdsourcing success story is only part of the Zooniverse. The Spitzer image spans 0.5 degrees or about 100 light-years at the estimated distance of W33.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1501/sig15-02spitzerW33.jpg,image,v1,Yellow Balls in W33,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1501/sig15-02spitzerW331066.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2000-04-03,"A huge eruptive prominence is seen moving out from our Sun in this condensed half-hour time-lapse sequence. Ten Earths could easily fit in the ""claw"" of this seemingly solar monster. This large prominence, though, is significant not only for its size, but its shape. The twisted figure eight shape indicates that a complex magnetic field threads through the emerging solar particles. Recent evidence of differential rotation inside the Sun might help account for the surface explosion. The sequence was taken early this year by the Sun-orbiting SOHO satellite. Although large prominences and energetic Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are relatively rare, they are occurring more frequently now that we are near the Solar Maximum, a time of peak sunspot and solar activity in the eleven-year solar cycle.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0004/prom1743_eit_big.gif,image,v1,A Twisted Solar Eruptive Prominence,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0004/promanim3_eit.gif,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2013-03-29,"Orbiting in the plane of Saturn's rings, Saturnian moons have a perpetual ringside view of the gas giant planet. Of course, while passing near the ring plane the Cassini spacecraft also shares their stunning perspective. The thin rings themselves slice across the middle of this Cassini snapshot from April 2011. The scene looks toward the dark night side of Saturn, in the frame at the left, and the still sunlit side of the rings from just above the ringplane. Centered, over 1,500 kilometers across, Rhea is Saturn's second largest moon and is closest to the spacecraft, around 2.2 million kilometers away. To Rhea's right, shiny, 500 kilometer diameter Enceladus is about 3 million kilometers distant. Dione, 1,100 kilometers wide, is 3.1 million kilometers from Cassini's camera on the left, partly blocked by Saturn's night side.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/PIA12771.jpg,image,v1,Ringside with Rhea,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/PIA12771_c900.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2015-05-25,"First came the trees. In the town of Salamanca, Spain, the photographer noticed how distinctive a grove of oak trees looked after being pruned. Next came the galaxy. The photographer stayed up until 2 am, waiting until the Milky Way Galaxy rose above the level of a majestic looking oak. From this carefully chosen perspective, dust lanes in the galaxy appear to be natural continuations to branches of the tree. Last came the light. A flashlight was used on the far side of the tree to project a silhouette. By coincidence, other trees also appeared as similar silhouettes across the relatively bright horizon. The featured image was captured as a single 30-second frame earlier this month and processed to digitally enhance the Milky Way.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1505/MWTree_Toledano_6016.jpg,image,v1,The Galaxy Tree,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1505/MWTree_Toledano_1080.jpg," +C�sar Vega Toledano ; + Rollover Annotation: Judy Schmidt +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2016-01-24,"In the center of star-forming region 30 Doradus lies a huge cluster containing some of the largest, hottest, and most massive stars known. These stars, known collectively as star cluster R136, were captured in the featured image in visible light by the Wide Field Camera 3 in 2009 peering through the Hubble Space Telescope. Gas and dust clouds in 30 Doradus, also known as the Tarantula Nebula, have been sculpted into elongated shapes by powerful winds and ultraviolet radiation from these hot cluster stars. The 30 Doradus Nebula lies within a neighboring galaxy known as the Large Magellanic Cloud and is located a mere 170,000 light-years away.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1601/30dor_hubble_3939.jpg,image,v1,Star Cluster R136 Bursts Out,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1601/30dor_hubble_960.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2017-01-09,"What's happening in the center of spiral NGC 5033? Many things -- some circular, some energetic, and some not well understood. NGC 5033 is known as a Seyfert galaxy because of the great activity seen in its nucleus. Bright stars, dark dust, and interstellar gas all swirl quickly around a galactic center that appears slightly offset from a supermassive black hole. This offset is thought to be the result of NGC 5033 merging with another galaxy sometime in the past billion years. The featured image was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2005. NGC 5033 spans about 100,000 light years and is so far away that we see it only as it existed about 40 million years ago.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1701/NGC5033_HubbleSchmidt_1280.jpg,image,v1,In the Center of Spiral Galaxy NGC 5033,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1701/NGC5033_HubbleSchmidt_960.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2021-08-04,"How do supermassive black holes create powerful jets? To help find out, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) imaged the center of the nearby active galaxy Centaurus A. The cascade of featured inset images shows Cen A from it largest, taking up more sky than many moons, to its now finest, taking up only as much sky as an golf ball on the moon. The new image shows what may look like two jets -- but is actually two sides of a single jet. This newly discovered jet-edge brightening does not solve the jet-creation mystery, but does imply that the particle outflow is confined by a strong pressure -- possibly involving a magnetic field. The EHT is a coordination of radio telescopes from around the Earth -- from the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory in Hawaii USA, to ALMA in Chile, to NOEMA in France, and more. The EHT will continue to observe massive, nearby black holes and their energetic surroundings.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2108/CenAjets_Eht_3001.jpg,image,v1,EHT Resolves Central Jet from Black Hole in Cen A,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2108/CenAjets_Eht_960.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2004-03-10,"How prevalent was water on Mars? Results from the Spirit rover now indicate that Gusev crater likely had a wet past, a result that comes shortly after Spirit's twin rover Opportunity uncovered clear evidence of past water at Meridiani Planum on the other side of Mars. Evidence uncovered by Spirit and released last week focussed on a large rock of unusual shape nicknamed Humphrey, shown above near the image bottom. Detailed inspection of the rock revealed a bright material filling internal cracks. Such material may have crystallized from water trickling through the volcanic rock. The amount of Mars once covered by ancient water remains unknown, as both rovers landed in regions thought likely to once be underwater. Spirit continues to roll across Mars, recently passing the 300-meter mark on its way to Bonneville crater.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0403/humphrey_spirit_big.jpg,image,v1,Humphrey Rock Indicates Ancient Martian Water,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0403/humphrey_spirit.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2018-07-25,"What kind of celestial object is this? A relatively normal galaxy -- but seen from its edge. Many disk galaxies are actually just as thin as NGC 5866, pictured here, but are not seen edge-on from our vantage point. A perhaps more familiar galaxy seen edge-on is our own Milky Way Galaxy. Cataloged as M102 and NGC 5866, the Spindle galaxy has numerous and complex dust lanes appearing dark and red, while many of the bright stars in the disk give it a more blue underlying hue. The blue disk of young stars can be seen extending past the dust in the extremely thin galactic plane. There is evidence that the Spindle galaxy has cannibalized smaller galaxies over the past billion years or so, including multiple streams of faint stars, dark dust that extends away from the main galactic plane, and a surrounding group of galaxies (not shown). In general, many disk galaxies become thin because the gas that forms them collides with itself as it rotates about the gravitational center. The Spindle galaxy lies about 50 million light years distant toward the constellation of the Dragon (Draco).",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1807/NGC5866_Block_1518.jpg,image,v1,The Edge-On Spindle Galaxy,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1807/NGC5866_Block_960.jpg,Adam Block,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2009-07-27,"What's happening at the center of spiral galaxy NGC 1097? No one is sure, but it likely involves a supermassive black hole. Matter falling in from a bar of stars and gas across the center is likely being heated by an extremely energetic region surrounding the central black hole. From afar, the entire central region appears in the above false-color infrared image as a mysterious eye. Near the left edge and seen in blue, a smaller companion galaxy is wrapped in the spectacular spiral arms of the large spiral, lit in pink by glowing dust. Currently about 40 thousand light-years from the larger galaxy's center, the gravity of the companion galaxy appears to be reshaping the larger galaxy as it is slowly being destroyed itself. NGC 1097 is located about 50 million light years away toward the constellation of the furnace (Fornax). Note: An APOD editor will review great space images this Saturday night at Ft. Wilkins, Michigan.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0907/ngc1097_spitzer_big.jpg,image,v1,NGC 1097: Spiral Galaxy with a Central Eye,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0907/ngc1097_spitzer.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2016-07-09,"Bright noctilucent or night shining clouds are not familiar sights from northern France. But these electric-blue waves coursed through skies over the small town of Wancourt in Pas-de-Calais on July 6, just before the dawn. From the edge of space, about 80 kilometers above Earth's surface, the icy clouds still reflect sunlight even though the Sun itself is below the horizon as seen from the ground. Usually spotted at high latitudes in summer months the diaphanous apparitions are also known as polar mesospheric clouds. The seasonal clouds are understood to form as water vapor driven into the cold upper atmosphere condenses on the fine dust particles supplied by disintegrating meteors or volcanic ash. NASA's AIM mission provides projections of the noctilucent clouds as seen from space.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1607/Lericque-Simon-nlc06072016-3-ok_1467777140.jpg,image,v1,Noctilucent Clouds Tour France,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1607/Lericque-Simon-nlc06072016-3-ok_1467777140_1152c.jpg,GAAC,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2020-04-14,"NGC 253 is one of the brightest spiral galaxies visible, but also one of the dustiest. Dubbed the Silver Coin for its appearance in smalltelescopes, it is more formally known as the Sculptor Galaxy for its location within the boundaries of the southern constellation Sculptor. Discovered in 1783 by mathematician and astronomer Caroline Herschel, the dusty island universe lies a mere 10 million light-years away. About 70 thousand light-years across, NGC 253, pictured, is the largest member of the Sculptor Group of Galaxies, the nearest to our own Local Group of galaxies. In addition to its spiral dust lanes, tendrils of dust seem to be rising from a galactic disk laced with young star clusters and star forming regions in this sharp color image. The high dust content accompanies frantic star formation, earning NGC 253 the designation of a starburst galaxy. NGC 253 is also known to be a strong source of high-energy x-rays and gamma rays, likely due to massive black holes near the galaxy's center. Take a trip through extragalactic space in this short video flyby of NGC 253. Astrophysicists: Browse 2,100+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2004/NGC253_HstSubaruEsoNew_3500.jpg,image,v1,NGC 253: The Silver Coin Galaxy,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2004/NGC253_HstSubaruEsoNew_960.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2014-01-21,"Did you see the big, bright, beautiful Full Moon last Wednesday night? That was actually a Micro Moon! On that night, the smallest Full Moon of 2014 reached its full phase only a few hours from lunar apogee, the time of its the most distant point from Earth in the Moon's elliptical orbit. Of course, last year on the night of June 22, a Full Super Moon was near perigee, the closest point in its orbit. The relative apparent size of January 15's Micro Moon is compared to the June 22 Super Moon in the above composite image digitally superimposing telescopic images from Perugia, Italy. The difference in apparent size represents a difference in distance of just under 50,000 kilometers between apogee and perigee, given the Moon's average distance of about 385,000 kilometers. How long do you have to wait to see another Full Micro Moon? Until March 5, 2015, when the lunar full phase will again occur within a few hours of lunar apogee.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1401/microsupermoon_sciarpetti_459.jpg,image,v1,Micro Moon over Super Moon,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1401/microsupermoon_sciarpetti_960.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +1997-01-02,"What caused the bubbles and arcs in NGC 2359? The main suspect is the Wolf-Rayet star in the center of one of the bubbles - visible slightly below and to the right of the center of the above photograph. Most Wolf-Rayet stars are known to be massive, highly luminous stars that continually cast off material in a stellar wind - which commonly form bubbles in the interstellar medium. But the unusual structure of the NGC 2359 arcs indicate something more complex is going on. Is the star moving supersonically? Is there another energetic star in the vicinity? Future observations may give more pieces to this picturesque puzzle. ",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9701/ngc2359_cfa_big.jpg,image,v1,Bubbles and Arcs in NGC 2359,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9701/ngc2359_cfa.jpg,"P. Berlind & P. Challis +(CfA), 1.2-m Telescope, +Whipple Obs.",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +1998-11-13,"This bright fireball meteor was photographed from Table Mountain Observatory during the peak of the annual Leonid meteor shower on November 17, 1966. That was a good year for Leonid meteor watchers - a meteor ""storm"" was produced as the Earth swept through a dense swarm of dusty debris from the tail of comet Tempel-Tuttle. Observer Jim Young reported a peak rate for the 1966 shower of about 50 meteors per second and recorded 22 otherwise extremely rare, bright fireballs like this one in the span of 90 minutes from his California mountain top location. Predictions are uncertain, but this year might also produce an intense apparition of the Leonids shower which should again peak on the 17th. You may need to be well placed and a little lucky to see the shower at its maximum, but Leonid meteors should be easy to see in dark skies - particularly in early morning hours - for two or so days before and after the peak. How do you watch a meteor shower? Get a comfortable lawn chair and a warm jacket ... go outside and look up!",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9811/leonidfball66_young_big.jpg,image,v1,A Leonid Fireball From 1966,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9811/leonidfball66_young.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2014-04-23,"From planet Earth, we see this strongly distorted pair of galaxies, cataloged as Arp 81, as they were only about 100 million years after their close encounter. The havoc wreaked by their mutual gravitational interaction during the encounter is detailed in this color composite showing twisted streams of gas and dust, a chaos of massive star formation, and a tidal tail stretching for 200 thousand light-years or so as it sweeps behind the cosmic wreckage. Also known as NGC 6622 (left) and NGC 6621, the galaxies are roughly equal in size but are destined to merge into one large galaxy in the distant future, making repeated approaches until they finally coalesce. Located in the constellation Draco, the galaxies are 280 million light-years away. Even more distant background galaxies can be spotted in the sharp, reprocessed, image from Hubble Legacy Archive data.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1404/ARP81_HLA_Pugh2.jpg,image,v1,Arp 81: 100 Million Years Later,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1404/ARP81_HLA_Pugh2.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2018-10-06,"What does an aurora look like to a frog? ""Awesome!"" is the likely answer, suggested by this imaginative snapshot taken on October 3rd from Kiruna, Sweden. Frequented by apparitions of the northern lights, Kiruna is located in Lapland north of the Arctic Circle, and often under the auroral oval surrounding planet Earth's geomagnetic north pole. To create a tantalizing view from a frog's perspective the photographer turned on the flashlight on her phone and placed it on the ground facing down, resting her camera's lens on top. The ""diamonds"" in the foreground are icy pebbles right in front of the lens, lit up by the flashlight. Reflecting the shimmering northern lights, the ""lake"" is a frozen puddle on the ground. Of course, in the distance is the Bengt Hultqvist Observatory.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1810/AuroraFrogStalnacke3072.jpg,image,v1,Aurora: The Frog's View,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1810/AuroraFrogStalnacke1024.jpg,Mia Stalnacke,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2019-12-19,"Awkward and angular looking, Apollo 17's lunar module Challenger was designed for flight in the near vacuum of space. Digitally enhanced and reprocessed, this picture taken from Apollo 17's command module America shows Challenger's ascent stage in lunar orbit. Small reaction control thrusters are at the sides of the moonship with the bell of the ascent rocket engine underneath. The hatch allowing access to the lunar surface is seen at the front, with a round radar antenna at the top. Mission commander Gene Cernan is clearly visible through the triangular window. This spaceship performed gracefully, landing on the Moon and returning the Apollo astronauts to the orbiting command module in December of 1972. So where is Challenger now? Its descent stage remains at the Apollo 17 landing site in the Taurus-Littrow valley. The ascent stage pictured was intentionally crashed nearby after being jettisoned from the command module prior to the astronauts' return to planet Earth. Apollo 17's mission came to an end 47 years ago today. It was the sixth and last time astronauts landed on the Moon.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1912/AS17-149-22859-2v2SmlWmk.jpg,image,v1,Apollo 17's Moonship,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1912/AS17-149-22859-2v2SmlWmk1024.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +1997-09-13,"Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe. Kepler was able to use Brahe's data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler's First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler's Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler's Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo's discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif,image,v1,Kepler Discovers How Planets Move,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2020-07-15,"Comet NEOWISE has been wowing photographers around much of the world during dawn and dusk, at the margins of day and night. For the most northern residents of planet Earth, however, the comet circles the North Star and never sets. The night part of this circular arc is apparent in the featured composite of images assembled from a webcam located at a ski resort in the Swiss Alps. Images were selected at 30-minute intervals throughout the night from July 12th -13th. Comet NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) will continue to become more accessible to northern hemisphere observers as its motion places it higher in the sky each evening after sunset over the next few weeks, as it begins its outbound journey. As with all comets, departure from the inner Solar System comes with inevitable fading. Binoculars are the best way to find and observe the comet visually. Notable Images of Comet NEOWISE Submitted to APOD: || July 14 || July 13 || July 12 || July 11 || July 10 & earlier ||",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2007/NeowiseAlps_salzgeber_4000.jpg,image,v1,Comet NEOWISE over the Swiss Alps,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2007/NeowiseAlps_salzgeber_960.jpg," +Philipp Salzgeber, +foto-webcam.eu; +Text: +Adam Block +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2009-08-19,"Sprawling across hundreds of light-years, emission nebula IC 1396, visible on the upper right, mixes glowing cosmic gas and dark dust clouds. Stars are forming in this area, only about 3,000 light-years from Earth. This wide angle view also captures surrounding emission and absorption nebula. The red glow in IC 1396 and across the image is created by cosmic hydrogen gas recapturing electrons knocked away by energetic starlight. The dark dust clouds are dense groups of smoke-like particles common in the disks of spiral galaxies. Among the intriguing dark shapes within IC 1396, the winding Elephant's Trunk nebula lies just right of the nebula's center. IC 1396 lies in the high and far off constellation of Cepheus.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0908/ic1396_earle_big.jpg,image,v1,IC 1396 and Surrounding Starfield,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0908/ic1396_earle.jpg,Thomas W. Earle,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +1999-03-08,Tomorrow's picture: The VLT Interferometric Array < Archive | Index | Search | Calendar | Glossary | Education | About APOD > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (USRA) NASA Technical Rep.: Jay Norris. Specific rights apply. A service of: LHEA at NASA/ GSFC &: Michigan Tech. U.,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9903/jvconjunction_polakis_big.jpg,image,v1,A Jupiter Venus Conjunction,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9903/jvconjunction_polakis.jpg," +T. Polakis +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2004-10-27,"Go outside tonight and see the total lunar eclipse. Tonight's eclipse is easy and convenient for much of the world to see. Anyone who can spot a full Moon can see it fade out as the Earth's shadow engulfs it. No protective glasses or expensive telescopes are needed, just a little moxie. The above illustration shows how the eclipse will appear across the Earth. The total lunar eclipse starts at 9:14 pm Eastern Daylight Time, equivalent to 1:14 am UT in the morning for sky enthusiasts in the United Kingdom. From the moment the first part of the Moon disappears to the moment that the last part of the Moon reappears will be 3 hours and 40 minutes. For those unfortunate enough to suffer clouds, the eclipse can also be followed over several live webcasts. World Series Lunar Eclipse: Live TV shot makes this eclipse possibly the most seen live eclipse ever.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0410/lunareclipse041028_nasa_big.gif,image,v1,Total Lunar Eclipse Tonight,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0410/lunareclipse041028_nasa.gif,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2002-07-06,"How big is the Jovian moon Io? The most volcanic body in the Solar System, Io (usually pronounced ""EYE-oh"") is 3,600 kilometers in diameter, about the size of planet Earth's single large natural satellite. Gliding past Jupiter at the turn of the millennium, the Cassini spacecraft captured this awe inspiring view of active Io with the largest gas giant as a backdrop, offering a stunning demonstration of the ruling planet's relative size. Although in the picture Io appears to be located just in front of the swirling Jovian clouds, Io hurtles around its orbit once every 42 hours at a distance of 420,000 kilometers or so from the center of Jupiter. That puts it nearly 350,000 kilometers above Jupiter's cloud tops, roughly equivalent to the distance between Earth and Moon. The Cassini spacecraft itself was about 10 million kilometers from Jupiter when recording the image data.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/iojup_cassini_big.jpg,image,v1,Io: Moon Over Jupiter,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/iojup_cassini.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2013-09-22,"Today, the Sun crosses the celestial equator heading south at 20:44 Universal Time. An equinox (equal night), this astronomical event marks the first day of autumn in the northern hemisphere and spring in the south. With the Sun on the celestial equator, Earth dwellers will experience nearly 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. To celebrate, consider this remarkable record of the Sun's yearly journey through planet Earth's sky, made with planned multiple exposures captured on a single piece of 35 millimeter film. Exposures were made at the same time of day (9:00am local time), capturing the Sun's position on dates from January 7 through December 20, 2003. The multiple suns trace an intersecting curve known as an analemma. A foreground base exposure of the Temple of Apollo in ancient Corinth, Greece, appropriate for an analemma, was digitally merged with the film image. Equinox dates correspond to the middle points (not the intersection point) of the analemma. The curve is oriented at the corresponding direction and altitude for the temple, so the Sun's position for the September equinox is at the upper midpoint near picture center. Summer and winter solstices are at analemma top and bottom.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1309/solar-analemma-070000-900pix.jpg,image,v1,Apollo's Analemma,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1309/solar-analemma-070000-900pix.jpg,Anthony Ayiomamitis,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2000-06-19,"A jet stretching nearly a million light years has been imaged emanating from galaxy Pictor A. The thin jet of electrons and protons shoots out at nearly light-speed likely from the vicinity of a large black hole at the galaxy center. At the left of the above image in X-rays is the radio galaxy Pictor A, known as a radio galaxy for its strong radio emission. At the far end of the jet on the right a hot spot glows as the intense particle beam bores through a gas cloud in intergalactic space. The jet and hot spot of Pictor A had been seen previously in radio waves, but only recently has the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory confirmed its unusual power.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0006/pictora_chandra_big.jpg,image,v1,The Long Jet of Pictor A,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0006/pictora_chandra.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2017-06-08,"On certain dates in February, an elusive firefall can be spotted at sunset in Yosemite National Park, when the weather cooperates and the direction to the setting Sun is just right. Often photographed from vantage points below, at the right moment the park's seasonal Horsetail Fall is isolated in the shadows of the steep walls of El Capitan. Then, still illuminated with rays of sunlight reflected by the angled rockface directly behind the flow, the waterfall briefly takes on a dramatic, fiery appearance. The Horsetail firefall is more rarely photographed at moonset under a starry night sky, though. Even more elusive by moonlight, the firefall effect can also be seen when skies are clear and a bright Moon sets at the right direction along the western horizon. Skies were clear and stars were shining for this well-planned photograph of the Horsetail firefall lit by a gibbous Moon setting in the early morning hours of May 9.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1706/MLFirefall_WF2_960.jpg,image,v1,Firefall by Moonlight,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1706/MLFirefall_WF2_960.jpg,"Rogelio Bernal +Andreo",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2018-09-02,"It was one of the most powerful solar flares in recorded history. Occurring in 2003 and seen across the electromagnetic spectrum, the Sun briefly became over 100 times brighter in X-rays than normal. The day after this tremendous X 17 solar flare -- and subsequent Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) -- energetic particles emitted from the explosions struck the Earth, creating auroras and affecting satellites. The spacecraft that took these frames -- SOHO -- was put in a turtle-like safe mode to avoid further damage from this and subsequent solar particle storms. The featured time-lapse movie condenses into 10 seconds events that occurred over 4 hours. The CME, visible around the central sun-shade, appears about three-quarters of the way through the video, while frames toward the very end are progressively noisier as protons from the explosions strike SOHO's LASCO detector. One this day in 1859, the effects of an even more powerful solar storm caused telegraphs on Earth to spark in what is known as the Carrington Event. Powerful solar storms such as these may create beautiful aurora-filled skies, but they also pose a real danger as they can damage satellites and even power grids across the Earth.",,video,v1,A Powerful Solar Flare,https://www.youtube.com/embed/vzh7udgtDKA?rel=0,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2010-06-03,"SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, captured its ""first light"" images on May 26, from an altitude of 35,000 feet. While flying above most of planet Earth's infrared-absorbing water vapor, SOFIA's premier infrared views of the cosmos included this remarkable false-color image (right panel) of Jupiter. For comparison, on the left is a recent, ground-based visible light image. Both show our solar system's ruling gas giant without its dark southern equatorial belt (normally seen in the upper hemisphere in this orientation). That familiar feature faded from view early in May. But the bright white stripe in SOFIA's image is a region of Jupiter's clouds transparent to infrared light, offering a glimpse below the cloud tops.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1006/Jupiter_sofiawesley.jpg,image,v1,Jupiter from the Stratosphere,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1006/Jupiter_sofiawesley900c.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2016-02-11,"Gravitational radiation has been directly detected. The first-ever detection was made by both facilities of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) in Washington and Louisiana simultaneously last September. After numerous consistency checks, the resulting 5-sigma discovery was published today. The measured gravitational waves match those expected from two large black holes merging after a death spiral in a distant galaxy, with the resulting new black hole momentarily vibrating in a rapid ringdown. A phenomenon predicted by Einstein, the historic discovery confirms a cornerstone of humanity's understanding of gravity and basic physics. It is also the most direct detection of black holes ever. The featured illustration depicts the two merging black holes with the signal strength of the two detectors over 0.3 seconds superimposed across the bottom. Expected future detections by Advanced LIGO and other gravitational wave detectors may not only confirm the spectacular nature of this measurement but hold tremendous promise of giving humanity a new way to see and explore our universe.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1602/BHmerger_LIGO_3600.jpg,image,v1,LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves from Merging Black Holes,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1602/BHmerger_LIGO_960.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +1996-07-01,"Within the last few years, observational astronomy has given humanity evidence of the existence of worlds beyond the solar system. Indeed, solar-type stars are now inferred to harbor planets of approximately Jupiter mass - some residing in temperature zones which could conceivably support liquid water and therefore life! Above is a hypothetical scene near one such planet whose sun, 47 Ursae Majoris (47 UMa), is a yellow dwarf star (spectral class G0 V) very similar to our own. In our sky, it appears as a faint, inconspicuous star below the cup of the northern hemisphere asterism, ""the Big Dipper"". (Our own sun would be equally inconspicuous when viewed from 47 UMa ...) Astronomer's G. Marcy and P. Butler announced the discovery of a planet associated with this star in 1996 and reported it to have a mass of about 2.4 Jupiters or more with an orbital period of 3 years. This artist's vision pictures the detected planet, referred to as 47 UMa b, as a gas giant surrounded by a ring of material - analogous to our own gas giant Saturn. In the foreground lies a hypothetical moon of 47 UMa b. Could such a moon support life? 47 UMa is only 44 light years distant, fairly close by astronomical standards - yet there is evidence for planetary systems which are closer still. NASA plans to explore nearby planetary systems using spaceborne observatories. APOD News: RJN to MTU",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/whatm_47uma1_big.jpg,image,v1,Worlds of a Distant Sun: 47 Ursae Majoris b,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/whatm_47uma1.gif," +John Whatmough, +Extrasolar Visions +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2018-09-09,"This is the mess that is left when a star explodes. The Crab Nebula, the result of a supernova seen in 1054 AD, is filled with mysterious filaments. The filaments are not only tremendously complex, but appear to have less mass than expelled in the original supernova and a higher speed than expected from a free explosion. The featured image, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, is presented in three colors chosen for scientific interest. The Crab Nebula spans about 10 light-years. In the nebula's very center lies a pulsar: a neutron star as massive as the Sun but with only the size of a small town. The Crab Pulsar rotates about 30 times each second.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1809/CrabNebula_Hubble_3864.jpg,image,v1,M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1809/CrabNebula_Hubble_960.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2008-04-28,"What's happening in the NGC 3582 nebula? Bright stars and interesting molecules are forming. The complex nebula resides in the star forming region called RCW 57. Visible in this image are dense knots of dark interstellar dust, bright stars that have formed in the past few million years, fields of glowing hydrogen gas ionized by these stars, and great loops of gas expelled by dying stars. A recent detailed study of NGC 3582 uncovered at least 33 massive stars in the end stages of formation, and the clear presence of the complex carbon molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are thought to be created in the cooling gas of star forming regions, and their development in the Sun's formation nebula five billion years ago may have been an important step in the development of life on Earth. This picture was taken last year with the Blanco 4-meter telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), in Chile.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0804/ngc3582_noao_big.jpg,image,v1,Star Forming Region NGC 3582,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0804/ngc3582_noao.jpg,T. A. Rector,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2019-09-20,"Still bright in planet Earth's night skies, good telescopic views of Saturn and its beautiful rings often make it a star at star parties. But this stunning view of Saturn's rings and night side just isn't possible from telescopes closer to the Sun than the outer planet. They can only bring Saturn's day into view. In fact, this image of Saturn's slender sunlit crescent with night's shadow cast across its broad and complex ring system was captured by the Cassini spacecraft. A robot spacecraft from planet Earth, Cassini called Saturn orbit home for 13 years before it was directed to dive into the atmosphere of the gas giant on September 15, 2017. This magnificent mosaic is composed of frames recorded by Cassini's wide-angle camera only two days before its grand final plunge. Saturn's night will not be seen again until another spaceship from Earth calls.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/LastRingPortrait_Cassini_4472.jpg,image,v1,Saturn at Night,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/LastRingPortrait_Cassini_1080.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2013-05-19,"What on Earth is that? The Richat Structure in the Sahara Desert of Mauritania is easily visible from space because it is nearly 50 kilometers across. Once thought to be an impact crater, the Richat Structure's flat middle and lack of shock-altered rock indicates otherwise. The possibility that the Richat Structure was formed by a volcanic eruption also seems improbable because of the lack of a dome of igneous or volcanic rock. Rather, the layered sedimentary rock of the Richat structure is now thought by many to have been caused by uplifted rock sculpted by erosion. The above image was captured by the ASTER instruments onboard the orbiting orbiting Terra satellite. Why the Richat Structure is nearly circular remains a mystery.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1305/richat_aster_3130.jpg,image,v1,Earth's Richat Structure,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1305/richat_aster_960.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2012-10-07,"Are square A and B the same color? They are! To verify this, either run your cursor over the image or click here to see them connected. The above illusion, called the same color illusion, illustrates that purely human observations in science may be ambiguous or inaccurate. Even such a seemingly direct perception as relative color. Similar illusions exist on the sky, such as the size of the Moon near the horizon, or the apparent shapes of astronomical objects. The advent of automated, reproducible, measuring devices such as CCDs have made science in general and astronomy in particular less prone to, but not free of, human-biased illusions.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1210/greyillusion_wikipedia_960.jpg,image,v1,The Same Color Illusion,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1210/greyillusion_wikipedia_960.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2016-12-21,"This year the December Solstice is today, December 21, at 10:44 UT, the first day of winter in the north and summer in the south. To celebrate, watch this amazing timelapse video tracing the Sun's apparent movement over an entire year from Hungary. During the year, a fixed video camera captured an image every minute. In total, 116,000 exposures follow the Sun's position across the field of view, starting from the 2015 June 21 solstice through the 2016 June 20 solstice. The intervening 2015 December 22 solstice is at the bottom of the frame. The timelapse sequences constructed show the Sun's movement over one day to begin with, followed by traces of the Sun's position during the days of one year, solstice to solstice. Gaps in the daily curves are due to cloud cover. The video ends with stunning animation sequences of analemmas, those figure-8 curves you get by photographing the Sun at the same time each day throughout a year, stepping across planet Earth's sky.",,video,v1,Traces of the Sun,https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZS2FvljQXsk?rel=0,"György +Bajmóczy",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2004-12-09,"rly Tuesday morning, December 7th, June Croft thought the southeastern sky above Atmore, Alabama, USA was beautiful. Watching the Moon rise through gossamer clouds, she noted, "" ... the crescent Moon looked like it was held in the sky by a star just off its shadowed horizon."" What was that star? Bright Jupiter of course, and some watched as the Moon actually occulted or passed in front of the Solar System's reigning gas giant planet. For astronomer Jimmy Westlake in Colorado, Jupiter was already hidden at moonrise that morning, but later he was able to record this lovely image, not unlike the view that inspired Croft. Seen through gossamer clouds, Jupiter along with large Jovian satellites Ganymede and Callisto (bottom to top) has emerged from behind the crescent Moon's shadowed horizon. News: The answer to Lewin's Challenge APOD can be found here.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0412/decMoonJup_westlake_f1.jpg,image,v1,Jupiter and the Moon's Shadowed Horizon,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0412/decMoonJup_westlake_c1.jpg," +Jimmy +Westlake +(Colorado +Mountain College) + +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +1997-10-14,"The month of October features a sky full of planets, including Venus as the brilliant evening star. Besides the sun and moon, Venus is the brightest object visible in Earth's sky. This month, Venus appears in early evening near the red planet Mars and Mars' red giant rival Antares above the southwestern horizon. Because it is closer to the sun than Earth, Venus never strays far from the sun in its apparent position and is seen during the year as either a bright morning or evening star. This beautiful sunset imaged from low earth orbit by the Atlantis space shuttle crew in May 1989 also reveals the planet Venus blazing above Earth's horizon. It is a fitting image for this mission and crew. It was recorded following the successful release of the robot Venus-explorer Magellan, the first planetary probe to be deployed from a space shuttle.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9710/venus_sts30_big.jpg,image,v1,Venus On The Horizon,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9710/venus_sts30.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2023-11-27,"This eagle ray glides across a cosmic sea. Officially cataloged as SH2-63 and LBN 86, the dark nebula is composed of gas and dust that just happens to appear shaped like a common ocean fish. The interstellar dust nebula appears light brown as it blocks and reddens visible light emitted behind it. Dark nebulas glow primarily in infrared light, but also reflect visible light from surrounding stars. The dust in dark nebulas is usually sub-millimeter chunks of carbon, silicon, and oxygen, frequently coated with frozen carbon monoxide and nitrogen. Dark nebulas are also known as molecular clouds because they also contain relatively high amounts of molecular hydrogen and larger molecules. Previously unnamed, the here dubbed Eagle Ray Nebula is normally quite dim but has been imaged clearly over 20-hours through dark skies in Chile. Follow APOD on: Discord",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2311/EagleRay_Chander_3277.jpg,image,v1,LBN 86: The Eagle Ray Nebula,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2311/EagleRay_Chander_960.jpg," +Vikas Chander +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +1995-10-25,,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/nsun_comptel.gif,image,v1,Painting with Solar Neutrons,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/nsun_comptel.gif,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2000-07-24,"The Whirlpool Galaxy is a classic spiral galaxy. At only 23 million light years distant and fully 65 thousand light years across, M51, also known as NGC 5194, is one of the brightest and most picturesque galaxies on the sky. The smaller galaxy appearing here below and to the left is well behind M51, as can be inferred by the dust in a foreground spiral arm blocking light from this smaller galaxy. The Whirlpool, pictured above, is visible with binoculars in the constellation of Canes Venaciti. M51 is a spiral galaxy of type Sc and is the dominant member of a whole group of galaxies. Astronomers speculate that M51's spiral structure is primarily due to its gravitational interaction with this smaller galaxy.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0007/m51_noao_big.jpg,image,v1,M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0007/m51_noao.jpg," +Todd Boroson +(NOAO), +AURA, +NOAO, +NSF +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2009-09-06,"Our Earth is not at rest. The Earth moves around the Sun. The Sun orbits the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy orbits in the Local Group of Galaxies. The Local Group falls toward the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. But these speeds are less than the speed that all of these objects together move relative to the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). In the above all-sky map from the COBE satellite, radiation in the Earth's direction of motion appears blueshifted and hence hotter, while radiation on the opposite side of the sky is redshifted and colder. The map indicates that the Local Group moves at about 600 kilometers per second relative to this primordial radiation. This high speed was initially unexpected and its magnitude is still unexplained. Why are we moving so fast? What is out there?",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0909/dip_cobe.gif,image,v1,CMBR Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0909/dip_cobe_big.gif,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2021-11-01,"The dream was to capture both the waterfall and the Milky Way together. Difficulties included finding a good camera location, artificially illuminating the waterfall and the surrounding valley effectively, capturing the entire scene with numerous foreground and background shots, worrying that fireflies would be too distracting, keeping the camera dry, and avoiding stepping on a poisonous snake. Behold the result -- captured after midnight in mid-July and digitally stitched into a wide-angle panorama. The waterfall is the picturesque Zhulian waterfall in the Luoxiao Mountains in eastern Hunan Province, China. The central band of our Milky Way Galaxy crosses the sky and shows numerous dark dust filaments and colorful nebulas. Bright stars dot the sky -- all residing in the nearby Milky Way -- including the Summer Triangle with bright Vega visible above the Milky Way's arch. After capturing all 78 component exposures for you to enjoy, the photographer and friends enjoyed the view themselves for the rest of the night. Discovery + Outreach: Graduate student research position open for APOD",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/MilkyWayWaterfall_XieJie_2500.jpg,image,v1,A Waterfall and the Milky Way,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/MilkyWayWaterfall_XieJie_960.jpg," +Xie Jie +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2005-01-20,"What's happening over the water? Pictured above is one of the better images yet recorded of a waterspout, a type of tornado that occurs over water. Waterspouts are spinning columns of rising moist air that typically form over warm water. Waterspouts can be as dangerous as tornadoes and can feature wind speeds over 200 kilometers per hour. Many waterspouts form away from thunderstorms and even during relatively fair weather. Waterspouts may be relatively transparent and initially visible only by the unusual pattern they create on the water. The above image was taken in 1969 from an aircraft off the Florida Keys, a location arguably the hottest spot for waterspouts in the world with hundreds forming each year. Some people speculate that these waterspouts are responsible for many of the losses recorded in the Bermuda Triangle region of the Atlantic Ocean.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0412/waterspout_noaa_big.jpg,image,v1,A Waterspout off the Florida Keys,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0412/waterspout_noaa.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +1999-12-16,"This false-color radio wavelength picture of an expanding stellar debris cloud is the product of one of the largest radio astronomy experiments ever. Combining the output of 20 radio telescopes scattered around planet Earth, astronomers have produced this amazingly detailed image of a supernova remnant just over 1.5 light-years across in M82, an intense star forming galaxy 12 million light-years away. The radio astronomy technique for creating the earth-sized array of telescopes is known as VLBI (very long baseline interferometry). The individual telescopes of the array are too far apart for all their signals to be combined in ""real time"", so their output was recorded on magnetic tapes which were brought to a single location and correlated. This technique has produced the highest resolution astronomical observations currently possible and allows the exploration of such distant, violent galactic environments in unprecedented detail.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/m82snr_vlbi_big.gif,image,v1,Supernova Remnant In M82,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/m82snr_vlbi.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2002-12-04,"Gliding toward today's total eclipse of the Sun, the crescent Moon has been rising early, just before dawn. And as a prelude to its close solar alignment, the Moon also completed a lovely celestial triangle, closing with bright planets Mars and Venus on the morning of December 1. While the total solar eclipse can only be seen from a narrow corridor, skygazers around the globe could appreciate this lunar-planetary conjunction. This view is from near Nashville Tennessee, USA, and finds brilliant Venus at the lowest corner of the triangle with a much fainter Mars immediately to the right of the Moon. The Moon's sunlit crescent is overexposed, but details of the lunar night side are revealed by earthshine. Above and to the right of the trio is Spica, brightest star in the constellation Virgo.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0212/moontrio_koehn_full.jpg,image,v1,"Moon, Mars, Venus, and Spica",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0212/moontrio_koehn.jpg," + +Larry Koehn + +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +1997-10-30,"very day is a cloudy day on Jupiter, the Solar System's reigning gas giant. This 3-dimensional visualization presents a simplified model view from between Jovian cloud decks based on imaging and spectral data recorded by the Galileo spacecraft. The separation between the cloud layers and the height variations have been exaggerated. The upper cloud layer is haze a few tens of miles thick. Heights in the lower cloud layers have been color coded; light bluish clouds are high and thin, reddish clouds are low, and white clouds are high and thick. Streaks in the lower layer suggestively lead to a dark blue area, a relatively clear, dry region similar to the site where Galileo's atmospheric probe made the first entry into a gas giant planet's atmosphere on December 7th, 1995.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9710/jup3dclouds_gal_big.jpg,image,v1,3-D View Of Jupiter's Clouds,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9710/jup3dclouds_gal.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2012-03-06,"Is this a painting or a photograph? In this beautiful celestial still life composed with a cosmic brush, dusty nebula NGC 2170 shines near the image center. Reflecting the light of nearby hot stars, NGC 2170 is joined by other bluish reflection nebulae, a red emission region, many dark absorption nebulae, and a backdrop of colorful stars. Like the common household items still life painters often choose for their subjects, the clouds of gas, dust, and hot stars pictured above are also commonly found in this setting - a massive, star-forming molecular cloud in the constellation of the Unicorn (Monoceros). The giant molecular cloud, Mon R2, is impressively close, estimated to be only 2,400 light-years or so away. At that distance, this canvas would be over 60 light-years across.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1203/ngc2170_julio_1920.jpg,image,v1,NGC 2170: Celestial Still Life,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1203/ngc2170_julio_960.jpg," +Leonardo Julio & Carlos Milovic +(Astronomia Pampeana) + +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2023-08-07,"The Pelican Nebula is slowly being transformed. IC 5070 (the official designation) is divided from the larger North America Nebula by a molecular cloud filled with dark dust. The Pelican, however, receives much study because it is a particularly active mix of star formation and evolving gas clouds. The featured picture was produced in three specific colors -- light emitted by sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen -- that can help us to better understand these interactions. The light from young energetic stars is slowly transforming the cold gas to hot gas, with the advancing boundary between the two, known as an ionization front, visible in bright orange on the right. Particularly dense tentacles of cold gas remain. Millions of years from now, the Pelican nebula, bounded by dark nebula LDN 935, might no longer be known as the Pelican, as the balance and placement of stars and gas will surely leave something that appears completely different.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2308/LDN935_Jones_1840.jpg,image,v1,"The Pelican Nebula in Gas, Dust, and Stars",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2308/LDN935_Jones_960.jpg," +Abe Jones +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2022-01-31,"The Great Carina Nebula is home to strange stars and iconic nebulas. Named for its home constellation, the huge star-forming region is larger and brighter than the Great Orion Nebula but less well known because it is so far south -- and because so much of humanity lives so far north. The featured image shows in great detail the northern-most part of the Carina Nebula. Visible nebulas include the semi-circular filaments surrounding the active star Wolf-Rayet 23 (WR23) on the far left. Just left of center is the Gabriela Mistral Nebula consisting of an emission nebula of glowing gas (IC 2599) surrounding the small open cluster of stars (NGC 3324). Above the image center is the larger star cluster NGC 3293, while to its right is the relatively faint emission nebula designated Loden 153. The most famous occupant of the Carina Nebula, however, is not shown. Off the image to the lower right is the bright, erratic, and doomed star star known as Eta Carinae -- a star once one of the brightest stars in the sky and now predicted to explode in a supernova sometime in the next few million years.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2201/CarinaNorth_Colombari_3000.jpg,image,v1,Carina Nebula North,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2201/CarinaNorth_Colombari_960.jpg," +Roberto Colombari +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2020-11-24,"Will our Sun look like this one day? The Helix Nebula is one of brightest and closest examples of a planetary nebula, a gas cloud created at the end of the life of a Sun-like star. The outer gasses of the star expelled into space appear from our vantage point as if we are looking down a helix. The remnant central stellar core, destined to become a white dwarf star, glows in light so energetic it causes the previously expelled gas to fluoresce. The Helix Nebula, given a technical designation of NGC 7293, lies about 700 light-years away towards the constellation of the Water Bearer (Aquarius) and spans about 2.5 light-years. The featured picture was taken with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) located atop a dormant volcano in Hawaii, USA. A close-up of the inner edge of the Helix Nebula shows complex gas knots of unknown origin.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2011/Helix2_CFHT_1917.jpg,image,v1,The Helix Nebula from CFHT,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2011/Helix2_CFHT_960.jpg," +CFHT, +Coelum, +MegaCam, +J.-C. Cuillandre +(CFHT) & +G. A. Anselmi +(Coelum) +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2018-07-31,"What lies beneath the layered south pole of Mars? A recent measurement with ground-penetrating radar from ESA's Mars Express satellite has detected a bright reflection layer consistent with an underground lake of salty water. The reflection comes from about 1.5 kilometers down and covers an area 20 kilometers across. Liquid water evaporates quickly from the surface of Mars, but a briny confined lake, such as implied by the radar reflection, could last much longer and be a candidate to host life such as microbes. Pictured, an infrared, green, and blue image of the south pole of Mars taken by Mars Express in 2012 shows a complex mixture of layers of dirt, frozen carbon dioxide, and frozen water.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1807/SouthPole_MarsExpress_2310.jpg,image,v1,Layers of the South Pole of Mars,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1807/SouthPole_MarsExpress_1080.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2013-03-15,"After appearing in a popular photo opportunity with a young crescent Moon near sunset, naked-eye Comet PanSTARRS continues to rise in northern hemisphere skies. But this remarkable interplanetary perspective from March 13, finds the comet posing with our fair planet itself - as seen from the STEREO Behind spacecraft. Following in Earth's orbit, the spacecraft is nearly opposite the Sun and looks back toward the comet and Earth, with the Sun just off the left side of the frame. At the left an enormous coronal mass ejection (CME) is erupting from a solar active region. Of course, CME, comet, and planet Earth are all at different distances from the spacecraft. (The comet is closest.) The processed digital image is the difference between two consecutive frames from the spacecraft's SECCHI Heliospheric Imager, causing the strong shadowing effect for objects that move between frames. Objects that are too bright create the sharp vertical lines. The processing reveals complicated feather-like structures in Comet PanSTARRS's extensive dust tail. Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_mar13_cmeV0.jpg,image,v1,"CME, Comet and Planet Earth",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_mar13_cmeV0.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2020-07-21,"Can stars, like caterpillars, transform themselves into butterflies? No, but in the case of the Butterfly Nebula -- it sure looks like it. Though its wingspan covers over 3 light-years and its estimated surface temperature exceeds 200,000 degrees, C, the dying central star of NGC 6302, the featured planetary nebula, has become exceptionally hot, shining brightly in visible and ultraviolet light but hidden from direct view by a dense torus of dust. This sharp close-up was recorded by the Hubble Space Telescope and is reprocessed here to show off the remarkable details of the complex planetary nebula, highlighting in particular light emitted by iron, shown in red. NGC 6302 lies about 4,000 light-years away in the arachnologically correct constellation of the Scorpion (Scorpius). Planetary nebulas evolve from outer atmospheres of stars like our Sun, but usually fade in about 20,000 years. Great Debates in Astronomy: 2020: How will humanity first discover extraterrestrial life?",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2007/Butterfly_HubbleSchmidt_4767.jpg,image,v1,Iron in the Butterfly Nebula,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2007/Butterfly_HubbleSchmidt_1080.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2001-08-04,"The brightest galaxy visible from our own Milky Way Galaxy is the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Visible predominantly from Earth's Southern Hemisphere, the LMC is the second closest galaxy, neighbor to the Small Magellanic Cloud, and one of eleven known dwarf galaxies that orbit our Milky Way Galaxy. The LMC is an irregular galaxy composed of a bar of older red stars, clouds of younger blue stars, and a bright red star forming region visible near the top of the above image called the Tarantula Nebula. The brightest supernova of modern times, SN1987A, occurred in the LMC.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0002/lmc_noao_big.jpg,image,v1,Neighboring Galaxy: The Large Magellanic Cloud,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0002/lmc_noao.jpg,AURA,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2020-06-04,"Sharp telescopic views of NGC 3628 show a puffy galactic disk divided by dark dust lanes. Of course, this deep portrait of the magnificent, edge-on spiral galaxy puts some astronomers in mind of its popular moniker, the Hamburger Galaxy. It also reveals a small galaxy nearby, likely a satellite of NGC 3628, and a faint but extensive tidal tail. The drawn out tail stretches for about 300,000 light-years, even beyond the right edge of the wide frame. NGC 3628 shares its neighborhood in the local universe with two other large spirals M65 and M66 in a grouping otherwise known as the Leo Triplet. Gravitational interactions with its cosmic neighbors are likely responsible for creating the tidal tail, as well as the extended flare and warp of this spiral's disk. The tantalizing island universe itself is about 100,000 light-years across and 35 million light-years away in the northern springtime constellation Leo.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2006/N3628_StefanoCancelli_PaulMortfield.jpg,image,v1,Portrait of NGC 3628,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2006/N3628_StefanoCancelli_PaulMortfield1024.jpg,Stefano Cancelli,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2004-05-11,"M13 is one of the most prominent and best known globular clusters. Visible with binoculars in the constellation of Hercules, M13 is frequently one of the first objects found by curious sky gazers seeking celestials wonders beyond normal human vision. M13 is a colossal home to over 100,000 stars, spans over 150 light years across, lies over 20,000 light years distant, and is over 12 billion years old. At the 1974 dedication of Arecibo Observatory, a radio message about Earth was sent in the direction of M13. The reason for the low abundance of unusual blue straggler stars in M13 is currently unknown.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0405/m13_guscott_big.jpg,image,v1,M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0405/m13_guscott.jpg," +Eddie Guscott +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2016-03-27,"How massive can a normal star be? Estimates made from distance, brightness and standard solar models had given one star in the open cluster Pismis 24 over 200 times the mass of our Sun, making it one of the most massive stars known. This star is the brightest object located just above the gas front in the featured image. Close inspection of images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope, however, have shown that Pismis 24-1 derives its brilliant luminosity not from a single star but from three at least. Component stars would still remain near 100 solar masses, making them among the more massive stars currently on record. Toward the bottom of the image, stars are still forming in the associated emission nebula NGC 6357. Appearing perhaps like a Gothic cathedral, energetic stars near the center appear to be breaking out and illuminating a spectacular cocoon.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1603/NGC6357_hubble_3140.jpg,image,v1,NGC 6357: Cathedral to Massive Stars,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1603/NGC6357_hubble_960.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2013-09-11,"On September 6, a starry night and the Milky Way witnessed the launch of a Minotaur V rocket from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility on Wallops Island, Virginia. So did a large part of the eastern United States, as the spectacular night launch was easily visible even from light polluted urban areas. This 35 second exposure captures part of the rocket's initial launch streak and 2nd stage ignition flare along with a fiery reflection in calm waters. The stunning view faces south and west from a vantage point overlooking Sinepuxent Bay in Maryland about 20 miles north of the launch pad. Heading east over the Atlantic, the multi-stage rocket placed LADEE, the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer, into a highly elliptical Earth orbit to begin its journey to the Moon.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1309/JJB_5334_NASA-LADEE-Launch-sept2013-APOD-1000pxJB.jpg,image,v1,LADEE Launch Streak,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1309/JeffBerkes5334_NASA-LADEE-Launch-sept2013APOD900px.jpg,Jeff Berkes,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2024-06-02,"No one, presently, sees the Moon rotate like this. That's because the Earth's moon is tidally locked to the Earth, showing us only one side. Given modern digital technology, however, combined with many detailed images returned by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), a high resolution virtual Moon rotation movie has been composed. The featured time-lapse video starts with the standard Earth view of the Moon. Quickly, though, Mare Orientale, a large crater with a dark center that is difficult to see from the Earth, rotates into view just below the equator. From an entire lunar month condensed into 24 seconds, the video clearly shows that the Earth side of the Moon contains an abundance of dark lunar maria, while the lunar far side is dominated by bright lunar highlands. Currently, over 32 new missions to the Moon are under active development from multiple countries and companies, including NASA's Artemis program which aims to land people on the Moon again within the next few years.",,video,v1,Rotating Moon from LRO,https://www.youtube.com/embed/sNUNB6CMnE8?rel=0,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2003-05-13,"How big is the Sun? The Sun is not only larger than any planet, it is larger than all of the planets put together. The Sun accounts for about 99.9 percent of all the mass in its Solar System. Merely stating the Sun's diameter is about 1,400,000 kilometers does not do it justice. Last week a chance to gain visual size perspective occurred when planet Mercury made a rare crossing in front to Sun. Mercury, a planet over a third of the diameter of our Earth, is the dark dot on the upper right. In comparison to the Sun, Mercury is so small it is initially hard to spot. Also visible on the Sun are dark circular sunspots, bright plages, and dark elongated prominences -- many of which are larger than Mercury. The above contrast-enhanced picture was captured last week from France.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0305/mercurysun_legault_big.jpg,image,v1,Mercury Transits the Sun,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0305/mercurysun_legault.jpg," +Thierry Legault +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2010-08-28,"This ominous, dark shape sprawling across the face of the Sun is a coronal hole -- a low density region extending above the surface where the solar magnetic field opens freely into interplanetary space. Studied extensively from space since the 1960s in ultraviolet and x-ray light, coronal holes are known to be the source of the high-speed solar wind, atoms and electrons which flow outward along the open magnetic field lines. During periods of low activity, coronal holes typically cover regions just above the Sun's poles. But this extensive coronal hole dominated the Sun's northern hemisphere earlier this week, captured here in extreme ultraviolet light by cameras onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The solar wind streaming from this coronal hole triggered auroral displays on planet Earth.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1008/CoronalHaug2010_sdo.jpg,image,v1,Hole in the Sun,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1008/CoronalHaug2010_sdo900.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2015-04-24,"Lapping at rocks along the shore of the Island of Nangan, Taiwan, planet Earth, waves are infused with a subtle blue light in this sea and night skyscape. Composed of a series of long exposures made on April 16 the image captures the faint glow from Noctiluca scintillans. Also known as sea sparkles or blue tears, the marine plankton's bioluminescence is stimulated by wave motion. City lights along the coast of mainland China shine beneath low clouds in the west but stars and the faint Milky Way still fill the night above. Over the horizon the galaxy's central bulge and dark rifts seem to echo the rocks and luminous waves.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1504/RBA_BlueTears1600.jpg,image,v1,Blue Tears and the Milky Way,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1504/RBA_BlueTears1024.jpg,"Rogelio Bernal +Andreo",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +1995-12-27,"In 1992 a tremendous explosion occurred in the constellation of Cygnus. Dubbed Nova Cygni 1992, this event most probably occurred in an accretion disk binary system. Astronomers hypothesize that this system's white dwarf had so much gas dumped onto it's surface that conditions became ripe for nuclear fusion. The resulting thermonuclear detonation blasted much of the surrounding gas into an expanding shell. The Hubble Space Telescope photographed this expanding shell in 1994. Nova Cygni 1992 was the brightest nova in recent history - at its brightest it could be seen without a telescope. It was observed in every part of the electromagnetic spectrum.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/novaCygni_hst.gif,image,v1,Nova Cygni 1992,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/novaCygni_hst.gif,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2007-04-03,"Why would clouds form a hexagon on Saturn? Nobody is yet sure. Originally discovered during the Voyager flybys of Saturn in the 1980s, nobody has ever seen anything like it anywhere else in the Solar System. If Saturn's South Pole wasn't strange enough with its rotating vortex, Saturn's North Pole might now be considered even stranger. The bizarre cloud pattern is shown above in a recent infrared image taken by the Saturn-orbiting Cassini spacecraft. The images show the stability of the hexagon even 20 years after Voyager. Movies of Saturn's North Pole show the cloud structure maintaining its hexagonal structure while rotating. Unlike individual clouds appearing like a hexagon on Earth, the Saturn cloud pattern appears to have six well defined sides of nearly equal length. Four Earths could fit inside the hexagon. Although full explanations are not yet available, planetary scientists are sure to continue to study this most unusual cloud formation for quite some time.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0704/hexagon_cassini_big.jpg,image,v1,A Mysterious Hexagonal Cloud System on Saturn,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0704/hexagon_cassini.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2013-11-14,"gmatic spiral galaxy NGC 1097 shines in southern skies, about 45 million light-years away in the chemical constellation Fornax. Its blue spiral arms are mottled with pinkish star forming regions in this colorful galaxy portrait. They seem to have wrapped around a small companion galaxy below and left of center, about 40,000 light-years from the spiral's luminous core. That's not NGC 1097's most peculiar feature, though. The very deep exposure hints of faint, mysterious jets, most easily seen to extend well beyond the bluish arms toward the lower right. In fact, four faint jets are ultimately recognized in optical images of NGC 1097. The jets trace an X centered on the galaxy's nucleus, but probably don't originate there. Instead, they could be fossil star streams, trails left over from the capture and disruption of a much smaller galaxy in the large spiral's ancient past. A Seyfert galaxy, NGC 1097's nucleus also harbors a supermassive black hole.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1311/NGC1097HaLRGBpugh.jpg,image,v1,The Jets of NGC 1097,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1311/NGC1097HaLRGBpugh950.jpg,Martin Pugh,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2005-02-07,"What do you get when you combine one of the world's most powerful telescopes with a powerful laser? An artificial star. Monitoring fluctuations in brightness of a genuine bright star can indicate how the Earth's atmosphere is changing, but many times no bright star exists in the direction where atmospheric information is needed. Therefore, astronomers have developed the ability to create an artificial star where they need it -- with a laser. Subsequent observations of the artificial laser guide star can reveal information so detailed about the blurring effects of the Earth's atmosphere that much of this blurring can be removed by rapidly flexing the mirror. Such adaptive optic techniques allow high-resolution ground-based observations of real stars, planets, nebulae, and the early universe. Above, a laser beam shoots out of the Keck II 10-meter telescope on Mauna Kea in Hawaii in 2002, creating an artificial star.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0502/laser_keck_big.jpg,image,v1,A Telescope Laser Creates an Artificial Star,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0502/laser_keck.jpg,"Adam Contos +(Ball Aerospace) +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2020-10-27,"What would an erupting volcano on Venus look like? Evidence of currently active volcanoes on Venus was announced earlier this year with the unexplained warmth of regions thought to contain only ancient volcanoes. Although large scale images of Venus have been taken with radar, thick sulfuric acid clouds would inhibit the taking of optical light vistas. Nevertheless, an artist's reconstruction of a Venusian volcano erupting is featured. Volcanoes could play an important role in a life cycle on Venus as they could push chemical foods into the cooler upper atmosphere where hungry microbes might float. Pictured, the plume from an erupting volcano billows upwards, while a vast lava field covers part of the hot and cracked surface of Earth's overheated twin. The possibility of airborne microbial Venusians is certainly exciting, but currently controversial. An APOD Described on TikTok: By astrokirsten",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/VenusVolcano_NasaRubin_1600.jpg,image,v1,Venusian Volcano Imagined,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/VenusVolcano_NasaRubin_1080.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2005-09-12,"Is this one galaxy or two? The jumble of stars, gas, and dust that is NGC 520 is now thought to incorporate the remains of two separate galaxies. A combination of observations and simulations indicate the NGC 520 is actually the collision of two disk galaxies. Interesting features of NGC 520 include an unfamiliar looking tail of stars at the image bottom and a perhaps more familiar looking band of dust running diagonally across the image center. A similar looking collision might be expected were our disk Milky Way Galaxy to collide with our large galactic neighbor Andromeda (M31). The collision that defines NGC 520 started about 300 million years ago and continues today. Although the speeds of stars are fast, the distances are so vast that the interacting pair will surely not change its shape noticeably during our lifetimes. NGC 520, at visual magnitude 12, has been noted to be one of the brightest interacting galaxies on the sky, after interacting pairs of galaxies known as the Antennae. NGC 520 was imaged above in spectacular fashion by the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii, USA. Also known as Arp 157, NGC 520 lies about 100 million light years distant, spans about 100 thousand light years, and can be seen with a small telescope toward the constellation of the Fish (Pisces).",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0509/ngc520_gemini_big.jpg,image,v1,The Colliding Galaxies of NGC 520,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0509/ngc520_gemini.jpg,Gemini Obs.,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2010-07-28,"Unspeakable beauty and unimaginable bedlam can be found together in the Trifid Nebula. Also known as M20, this photogenic nebula is visible with good binoculars towards the constellation of Sagittarius. The energetic processes of star formation create not only the colors but the chaos. The red-glowing gas results from high-energy starlight striking interstellar hydrogen gas. The dark dust filaments that lace M20 were created in the atmospheres of cool giant stars and in the debris from supernovae explosions. Which bright young stars light up the blue reflection nebula is still being investigated. The light from M20 we see today left perhaps 3,000 years ago, although the exact distance remains unknown. Light takes about 50 years to cross M20.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1007/m20_gendler_big.jpg,image,v1,The Trifid Nebula is Stars and Dust,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1007/m20_gendler.jpg,Robert Gendler,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2002-02-23,"Fifteen years ago today, the brightest supernova of modern times was sighted. Over time, astronomers have watched and waited for the expanding debris from this tremendous stellar explosion to crash into previously expelled material. A clear result of such a collision is demonstrated above in two frames recorded by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1994 (left) and 1997(right). While the central concentration of stellar debris has clearly evolved over this period, the yellow spot on the ring in the righthand picture announces the collision of an outward moving blast wave with the pre-existing, light-year wide ring. The collision is occurring at speeds near 60 million kilometers per hour and shock-heats the ring material causing it to glow. Astronomers are hopeful that such collisions will illuminate the interesting past of SN 1987A, and perhaps provide more clues about the origin of the mysterious rings.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/sn87aknot_hst_big.jpg,image,v1,Shocked by Supernova 1987A,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/sn87aknot_hst.jpg,,exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +2007-02-26,"What's that cloud drifting in space? It's not an astronomical nebula -- those appear to stay put. Atmospheric clouds don't look like this. The answer to last week's sky mystery turned out to be orbiting and expanding debris from the upper stage of a failed Russian rocket that exploded unexpectedly. The cloud became visible to unaided southern hemisphere observers, and its cause was initially unknown. The above time lapse movie shows the cloud drifting as seen from Australia. Streaks in and near the cloud are likely large pieces of debris. The debris cloud is more than an astronomical curiosity -- particles from this cloud and others could become projectiles damaging existing satellites. As the cloud disperses, many particles will fall to Earth, but many more may help make low Earth orbit an increasingly hostile environment.",https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/debrismovie_mcnaught_big.gif,image,v1,A Rocket Debris Cloud Drifts,https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/debrismovie_mcnaught.jpg," +Robert H. McNaught +",exoplanet,,,,,,,,,,,,,,NASA,2024-12-20 19:36:50.197981 +,,,,,,,,star,{'self': 'http://api.nasa.gov/neo/rest/v1/neo/2000433?api_key=PBI6QS2eOkQigQpGPHNNCTxvPbSzakdW2Nq8R7yS'},2000433,2000433,433 Eros (A898 PA),Eros,433,https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=2000433,10.41,"{'kilometers': {'estimated_diameter_min': 22.0067027115, 'estimated_diameter_max': 49.2084832235}, 'meters': {'estimated_diameter_min': 22006.7027114738, 'estimated_diameter_max': 49208.4832234845}, 'miles': {'estimated_diameter_min': 13.6743268705, 'estimated_diameter_max': 30.5767244291}, 'feet': {'estimated_diameter_min': 72200.4705239119, 'estimated_diameter_max': 161445.1600989368}}",False,"[{'close_approach_date': '1900-12-27', 'close_approach_date_full': '1900-Dec-27 01:30', 'epoch_date_close_approach': -2177879400000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '5.5786191875', 'kilometers_per_hour': '20083.0290749201', 'miles_per_hour': '12478.8132604691'}, 'miss_distance': 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'46408855.985038036'}, 'orbiting_body': 'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '1924-03-05', 'close_approach_date_full': '1924-Mar-05 22:13', 'epoch_date_close_approach': -1446083220000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '4.5960548855', 'kilometers_per_hour': '16545.797587763', 'miles_per_hour': '10280.915173352'}, 'miss_distance': {'astronomical': '0.3597864889', 'lunar': '139.9569441821', 'kilometers': '53823292.394218643', 'miles': '33444243.0636095534'}, 'orbiting_body': 'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '1931-01-30', 'close_approach_date_full': '1931-Jan-30 04:07', 'epoch_date_close_approach': -1228247580000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '5.9208185341', 'kilometers_per_hour': '21314.9467227704', 'miles_per_hour': '13244.2789789347'}, 'miss_distance': {'astronomical': '0.1740731458', 'lunar': '67.7144537162', 'kilometers': '26040971.835879446', 'miles': '16181109.5707945148'}, 'orbiting_body': 'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '1938-01-13', 'close_approach_date_full': '1938-Jan-13 22:04', 'epoch_date_close_approach': -1008726960000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '6.0840524046', 'kilometers_per_hour': '21902.5886564605', 'miles_per_hour': '13609.4168237879'}, 'miss_distance': {'astronomical': '0.2150052405', 'lunar': '83.6370385545', 'kilometers': '32164326.017637735', 'miles': '19985985.424901343'}, 'orbiting_body': 'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '1944-11-27', 'close_approach_date_full': '1944-Nov-27 01:41', 'epoch_date_close_approach': -791936340000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '3.626098636', 'kilometers_per_hour': '13053.9550896485', 'miles_per_hour': '8111.2200388986'}, 'miss_distance': {'astronomical': '0.4030090561', 'lunar': '156.7705228229', 'kilometers': '60289296.383270507', 'miles': '37462031.6350747166'}, 'orbiting_body': 'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '1961-04-04', 'close_approach_date_full': '1961-Apr-04 09:08', 'epoch_date_close_approach': -275928720000, 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'miles_per_hour': '13030.6307567732'}, 'miss_distance': {'astronomical': '0.1511341909', 'lunar': '58.7912002601', 'kilometers': '22609353.042813383', 'miles': '14048800.5292673654'}, 'orbiting_body': 'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '1981-12-29', 'close_approach_date_full': '1981-Dec-29 08:05', 'epoch_date_close_approach': 378461100000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '5.6652718459', 'kilometers_per_hour': '20394.9786453535', 'miles_per_hour': '12672.6465921642'}, 'miss_distance': {'astronomical': '0.3084893271', 'lunar': '120.0023482419', 'kilometers': '46149346.251893277', 'miles': '28675874.0429781426'}, 'orbiting_body': 'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '1988-11-06', 'close_approach_date_full': '1988-Nov-06 14:56', 'epoch_date_close_approach': 594831360000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '4.305902138', 'kilometers_per_hour': '15501.2476969045', 'miles_per_hour': '9631.8724925571'}, 'miss_distance': {'astronomical': '0.4676402077', 'lunar': 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'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '2019-01-15', 'close_approach_date_full': '2019-Jan-15 06:01', 'epoch_date_close_approach': 1547532060000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '6.0449176185', 'kilometers_per_hour': '21761.7034264303', 'miles_per_hour': '13521.8762207172'}, 'miss_distance': {'astronomical': '0.2085986871', 'lunar': '81.1448892819', 'kilometers': '31205919.274956477', 'miles': '19390459.0899223026'}, 'orbiting_body': 'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '2025-11-30', 'close_approach_date_full': '2025-Nov-30 02:18', 'epoch_date_close_approach': 1764469080000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '3.7288508677', 'kilometers_per_hour': '13423.8631236067', 'miles_per_hour': '8341.0665058878'}, 'miss_distance': {'astronomical': '0.3976474744', 'lunar': '154.6848675416', 'kilometers': '59487215.181119528', 'miles': '36963641.4867163664'}, 'orbiting_body': 'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '2042-04-06', 'close_approach_date_full': '2042-Apr-06 19:02', 'epoch_date_close_approach': 2280423720000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '3.7252247205', 'kilometers_per_hour': '13410.8089939193', 'miles_per_hour': '8332.9551773606'}, 'miss_distance': {'astronomical': '0.4461417254', 'lunar': '173.5491311806', 'kilometers': '66741851.837964898', 'miles': '41471463.6747876724'}, 'orbiting_body': 'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '2049-02-12', 'close_approach_date_full': '2049-Feb-12 05:38', 'epoch_date_close_approach': 2496721080000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '6.0590645856', 'kilometers_per_hour': '21812.6325080767', 'miles_per_hour': '13553.5215714769'}, 'miss_distance': {'astronomical': '0.2725553389', 'lunar': '106.0240268321', 'kilometers': '40773698.156568143', 'miles': '25335601.2070526534'}, 'orbiting_body': 'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '2056-01-24', 'close_approach_date_full': '2056-Jan-24 11:03', 'epoch_date_close_approach': 2715937380000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '5.8207578574', 'kilometers_per_hour': '20954.7282866821', 'miles_per_hour': '13020.4532512442'}, 'miss_distance': {'astronomical': '0.1497821765', 'lunar': '58.2652666585', 'kilometers': '22407094.568364055', 'miles': '13923122.940991759'}, 'orbiting_body': 'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '2062-12-31', 'close_approach_date_full': '2062-Dec-31 08:25', 'epoch_date_close_approach': 2934779100000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '5.7322434825', 'kilometers_per_hour': '20636.0765370681', 'miles_per_hour': '12822.4554460466'}, 'miss_distance': {'astronomical': '0.3029535232', 'lunar': '117.8489205248', 'kilometers': '45321201.779715584', 'miles': '28161288.9295956992'}, 'orbiting_body': 'Earth'}, {'close_approach_date': '2069-11-08', 'close_approach_date_full': '2069-Nov-08 21:29', 'epoch_date_close_approach': 3151171740000, 'relative_velocity': {'kilometers_per_second': '4.2454176851', 'kilometers_per_hour': '15283.5036662481', 'miles_per_hour': '9496.5748197307'}, 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