Datasets:
Upload folder using huggingface_hub
Browse files- dataset_info.json +4 -5
- experimental_physics/quantum_materials/nistscraper_data.csv +201 -0
- experimental_physics/quantum_materials/source_metadata.json +23 -0
- nasascraper_data.csv +73 -0
- nistscraper_data.csv +201 -0
- spacetime/propulsion/nasascraper_data.csv +73 -0
- spacetime/propulsion/source_metadata.json +23 -0
dataset_info.json
CHANGED
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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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"description": "A comprehensive dataset for warp drive research",
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"license": "MIT",
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"citations": [],
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-
"last_updated": "2024-12-
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"version": "1.0.0",
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"maintainers": [
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"GotThatData"
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"theoretical physics",
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"experimental physics"
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],
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"total_records":
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"data_sources": [
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"
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"
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"PerimeterScraper"
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]
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}
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"description": "A comprehensive dataset for warp drive research",
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"license": "MIT",
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"citations": [],
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"last_updated": "2024-12-20T19:37:38.449774",
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"version": "1.0.0",
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"maintainers": [
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"GotThatData"
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"theoretical physics",
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"experimental physics"
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],
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"total_records": 270,
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"data_sources": [
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"NASAScraper",
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"NISTScraper"
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]
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}
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experimental_physics/quantum_materials/nistscraper_data.csv
ADDED
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| 1 |
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title,description,date,data_type,source,scrape_timestamp
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| 2 |
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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experimental_physics/quantum_materials/source_metadata.json
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{
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"source": "NISTScraper",
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+
"timestamp": "2024-12-20T19:37:38.449274",
|
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+
"record_count": 200,
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"columns": [
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+
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"date",
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"source": "object",
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"scrape_timestamp": "object"
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"category": "experimental_physics",
|
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"subcategory": "quantum_materials"
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}
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like. For all active comets except Halley,
|
| 1 |
it was only possible to see the surrounding opaque gas cloud called
|
| 2 |
the coma. During Comet Halley's
|
| 3 |
most recent pass through the inner Solar System
|
| 4 |
in 1986, however, spacecraft Giotto
|
| 5 |
was able to go right up to the comet and photograph its nucleus.
|
| 6 |
The above image is a composite of hundreds of these photographs.
|
| 7 |
Although the most famous comet, Halley
|
| 8 |
achieved in 1986 only 1/10th the brightness that Comet Hyakutake
|
| 9 |
did last year, and a similar comparison is likely with next year's
|
| 10 |
pass of Comet Hale-Bopp. Every 76
|
| 11 |
years Comet Halley comes around again,
|
| 12 |
and each time the nucleus sheds about 6 meters of ice and rock
|
| 13 |
into space. This debris composes Halley's tails
|
| 14 |
and leaves an orbiting trail that, when falling to Earth,
|
| 15 |
are called the Orionids Meteor Shower.
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+
title,description,date,data_type,source,scrape_timestamp
|
| 2 |
+
Saturn and the ISS,"Soaring high in skies around planet Earth, bright planet Saturn was a star of June's morning planet parade. But very briefly on June 24 it posed with a bright object in low Earth orbit, the International Space Station. On that date from a school parking lot in Temecula, California the ringed-planet and International Space Station were both caught in this single high-speed video frame. Though Saturn was shining at +0.5 stellar magnitude the space station was an even brighter -3 on the magnitude scale. That difference in brightness is faithfully represented in the video capture frame. In the challenging image, the orbiting ISS was at a range of 602 kilometers. Saturn was about 1.4 billion kilometers from the school parking lot.",2022-07-09,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 3 |
+
NGC 7027: A Dying Star's Nebula,"This pseudo-color composite of two recent Hubble Space Telescope images is a picture of a Sun-like star nearing the end of its lifetime. The exquisite details visible in this planetary nebula indicate that when the star passed through its Red Giant phase it initially shrugged off its outer atmosphere gently and evenly producing the outer faint spherical shells. As the process continued, material was apparently ejected in dense clumps producing dust clouds in the bright inner regions. The whole ejection process was amazingly rapid, taking only a few thousand years compared to a 10 billion year lifetime typical for Solar type stars. In the end the hot stellar core, now a white dwarf star, was left - seen here as a white dot at the center of the nebula. Our middle-aged Sun will experience a similar fate ... in about 5 billion years!",1996-01-17,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 4 |
+
Sunset Moonlight,"November's lunar eclipse was one of the shortest in recent years and also one of the brightest -- demonstrating that the Earth's shadow is not completely dark. The eclipsed Moon remained easily visible during totality, reflecting reddened light filtering on to its surface from all the sunsets and sunrises, as seen from the lunar perspective, around the edges of a silhouetted Earth. Hoping to view the celestial shadow play from the Earth's night side near Cologne, Germany, about 400,000 kilometers from the lunar surface, amateur astronomer Markus Strassfeld packed a digital camera and telescope and drove about 10 kilometers outside the city to escape the bright city lights. Fortunately, the sky cleared about an hour before the eclipse began and he was able to record this sharp image of sunsets illuminating the totally eclipsed Moon. Young ray crater Tycho, about 85 kilometers across, stands out near the Moon's brighter southern edge.",2003-11-21,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 5 |
+
A Year of Dark Cosmology,"We live in the exciting time when humanity discovers the nature of our entire universe. During this year, in particular, however, the quest for cosmological understanding appears to have astronomers groping in the dark. Dark matter and dark energy are becoming accepted invisible components of our universe, much like oxygen and nitrogen have become established invisible components of Earth-bound air. In comprehending the nature and origin of the formerly invisible, however, we are only just exiting the cosmological dark age. Relatively unexplored concepts such as higher spatial dimensions, string theories of fundamental particles, quintessence, and new forms of inflation all vie for cornerstone roles in a more complete theory. As understanding invisible air has led to such useful inventions as the airplane and the oxygen mask, perhaps understanding dark matter and dark energy can lead to even more spectacular and useful inventions. Pictured above, three of the largest optical telescopes (Keck I, Keck II, and Subaru) prepare to peer into the dark and distant universe.",2001-12-31,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 6 |
+
Saturn with Moons Tethys and Dione,"Saturn and two of its larger moons - Tethys and Dione - were photographed by the Voyager 1 spacecraft which flew by the planet in November of 1980. This picture gives an indication of Saturn's extensive ring system, which can be seen casting a shadow on the planet, as does Tethys. Saturn's rings are composed of many chunks of ice ranging in size from a pebble to a car. The rings have several large gaps, the largest of which is clearly visible in the picture and is named the Cassini Division, after its discoverer. Saturn appears brighter than most stars in the sky, and its rings can be discerned with a small telescope. A new spacecraft - Cassini - will visit Saturn and is currently scheduled for launch in 1997. Information: The Scale of the Universe Debate in April 1996",1996-03-18,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 7 |
+
"Mercury Astronauts and a Redstone
|
| 8 |
+
Credit:","Space suited project Mercury astronauts John H. Glenn, Virgil I. Grissom, and Alan B. Shepard Jr. (left to right) are pictured here posing in front of a Redstone rocket in this vintage 1961 NASA publicity photo. Project Mercury was the first U.S. program designed to put humans in space. It resulted in 6 flights using one-man capsules and Redstone and Atlas rockets. Shortly after the first U.S. manned flight on May 5, 1961, a suborbital flight piloted by Alan Shepard, President Kennedy announced the goal of a manned lunar landing by 1970. This goal was achieved by NASA's Apollo program and Shepard himself walked on the moon as commander of the Apollo 14 mission.",1997-04-06,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 9 |
+
NGC 4651: The Umbrella Galaxy,"Spiral galaxy NGC 4651 is a mere 35 million light-years distant, toward the well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. About 50 thousand light-years across, this galaxy is seen to have a faint umbrella-shaped structure (right) that seems to extend some 50 thousand light-years farther, beyond the bright galactic disk. The giant cosmic umbrella is now known to be composed of tidal star streams. The streams themselves are extensive trails of stars gravitationally stripped from a smaller satellite galaxy that was eventually torn apart. Placing your cursor over the image will superimpose a simulation of the satellite galaxy's path as it was disrupted and absorbed into NGC 4651. Recent work by a remarkable collaboration of amateur and professional astronomers to image faint structures around bright galaxies suggests that even in nearby galaxies, such tidal star streams are common. The result is predicted by models of galaxy formation, including the formation of our Milky Way.",2010-04-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 10 |
+
LL Orionis: When Cosmic Winds Collide,"This arcing, graceful structure is actually a bow shock about half a light-year across, created as the wind from young star LL Orionis collides with the Orion Nebula flow. Adrift in Orion's stellar nursery and still in its formative years, variable star LL Orionis produces a wind more energetic than the wind from our own middle-aged sun. As the fast stellar wind runs into slow moving gas a shock front is formed, analogous to the bow wave of a boat moving through water or a plane traveling at supersonic speed. The slower gas is flowing away from the Orion Nebula's hot central star cluster, the Trapezium, located off the lower right hand edge of the picture. In three dimensions, LL Ori's wrap-around shock front is shaped like a bowl that appears brightest when viewed along the ""bottom"" edge. The complex stellar nursery in Orion shows a myriad of similar fluid shapes associated with star formation, including the bow shock surrounding a faint star at the upper right. Part of a mosaic covering the Great Nebula in Orion, this composite color image was recorded in 1995 by the Hubble Space Telescope.",2003-11-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 11 |
+
NGC 6559: East of the Lagoon,"Slide your telescope just east of the Lagoon Nebula to find this alluring field of view in the rich starfields of the constellation Sagittarius toward the central Milky Way. Of course the Lagoon nebula is also known as M8, the eighth object listed in Charles Messier's famous catalog of bright nebulae and star clusters. Close on the sky but slightly fainter than M8, this complex of nebulae was left out of Messier's list though. It contains obscuring dust, striking red emission and blue reflection nebulae of star-forming region NGC 6559 at right. Like M8, NGC 6559 is located about 5,000 light-years away along the edge of a large molecular cloud. At that distance, this telescopic frame nearly 3 full moons wide would span about 130 light-years. Global Moon Party: NASA's Night Sky Network: Saturday, October 9",2021-10-07,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 12 |
+
The Tulip in the Swan,"Framing a bright emission region this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula the glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant the nebula is understandably not the only cosmic cloud to evoke the imagery of flowers. The complex and beautiful nebula is shown here in a composite image that maps emission from ionized sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms into red, green, and blue colors. Ultraviolet radiation from young, energetic O star HDE 227018 ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star very near the blue arc at image center.",2012-07-26,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 13 |
+
GK Per: Nova of 1901,"rly in the 20th century, GK Persei briefly became one of the brightest stars in planet Earth's sky, an event known as Nova Persei 1901. Documented in this modern day composite of two images from 2003 and 2011 the ejecta from the explosion, popularly called the Firework Nebula, continues to expand into space. These images are part of a time lapse video tracking the nebula's expansion over the last 17 years. About 1500 light-years away, the nebula is still just under a light-year in diameter. GK Per and similar cataclysmic variable stars known as classical novae are understood to be binary systems consisting of a compact white dwarf star and swollen cool giant star in a close orbit. The build up of mass transferred to the surface of the white dwarf from the giant star through an accretion disk eventually triggers a thermonuclear outburst, blasting the stellar material into space without destroying the white dwarf star. With a 2 day orbital period, the GK Per system has produced much smaller outbursts in recent years.",2011-11-05,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 14 |
+
Snake in the Dark,"Dark nebulae snake across a gorgeous expanse of stars in this wide-field view toward the pronounceable constellation Ophiuchus and the center of our Milky Way Galaxy. In fact, the central S-shape seen here is well known as the Snake Nebula. It is also listed as Barnard 72 (B72), one of 182 dark markings of the sky cataloged in the early 20th century by astronomer E. E. Barnard. Unlike bright emission nebulae and star clusters, Barnard's nebulae are interstellar dark clouds of obscuring gas and dust. Their shapes are visible in cosmic silhouette only because they lie in the foreground along the line of sight to rich star fields and glowing stellar nurseries near the plane of our Galaxy. Many of Barnard's dark nebulae are themselves likely sites of future star formation. Barnard 72 is a few light years across and about 650 light years away.",2005-05-21,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 15 |
+
Moon Phases 2022,"What will the Moon phase be on your birthday this year? It is hard to predict because the Moon's appearance changes nightly. As the Moon orbits the Earth, the half illuminated by the Sun first becomes increasingly visible, then decreasingly visible. The featured video animates images and altitude data taken by NASA's Moon-orbiting Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter to show all 12 lunations that appear this year, 2022 -- as seen from Earth's northern (southern) hemisphere. A single lunation describes one full cycle of our Moon, including all of its phases. A full lunation takes about 29.5 days, just under a month (moon-th). As each lunation progresses, sunlight reflects from the Moon at different angles, and so illuminates different features differently. During all of this, of course, the Moon always keeps the same face toward the Earth. What is less apparent night-to-night is that the Moon's apparent size changes slightly, and that a slight wobble called a libration occurs as the Moon progresses along its elliptical orbit.",2022-02-01,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 16 |
+
Portrait of NGC 3628,"Sharp telescopic views of NGC 3628 show a puffy galactic disk divided by dark dust lanes. Of course, this portrait of the magnificent, edge-on spiral galaxy puts some astronomers in mind of its popular moniker, the Hamburger Galaxy. It also reveals a small galaxy nearby (below), likely a satellite of NGC 3628, and a very faint but extensive tidal tail. The drawn out tail stretches for about 300,000 light-years, even beyond the left edge of the frame. NGC 3628 shares its neighborhood in the local universe with two other large spirals M65 and M66 in a grouping otherwise known as the Leo Triplet. Gravitational interactions with its cosmic neighbors are likely responsible for creating the tidal tail, as well as the extended flare and warp of this spiral's disk. The tantalizing island universe itself is about 100,000 light-years across and 35 million light-years away in the northern springtime constellation Leo.",2023-04-14,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 17 |
+
Descent of the Phoenix,"In this sweeping view, the 10 kilometer-wide crater Heimdall lies on the north polar plains of Mars. But the bright spot highlighted in the inset is the Phoenix lander parachuting toward the surface. The amazing picture was captured on May 25th by the HiRISE camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Though the lander looks like it might be dropping straight into Heimdall, it is really descending about 20 kilometers in front of the crater, in the foreground of the scene. The orbiter was 760 kilometers away from Phoenix when picture was taken, at an altitude of 310 kilometers. Subsequently the orbiter's camera was also able to image the lander on the surface. The parachute attached to the backshell and the heat shield were identified in the image, scattered nearby. Of course, the Phoenix lander itself is now returning much closer views of its landing site as it prepares to dig into the Martian surface.",2008-05-30,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 18 |
+
Comet 45P Returns,"An old comet has returned to the inner Solar System. Not only is Comet 45P/Honda�Mrkos�Pajdu��kov� physically ancient, it was first discovered 13 orbits ago in 1948. Comet 45P spends most of its time out near the orbit of Jupiter and last neared the Sun in 2011. Over the past few months, however, Comet 45P's new sunward plummet has brightened it considerably. Two days ago, the comet passed the closest part of its orbit to the Sun. The comet is currently visible with binoculars over the western horizon just after sunset, not far from the much brighter planet Venus. Pictured, Comet 45P was captured last week sporting a long ion tail with impressive structure. Comet 45P will pass relatively close to the Earth early next month. APOD Lecture: Friday, Jan. 6, Amateur Astronomers Association of New York City",2017-01-02,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 19 |
+
Red Auroral Corona,"Few auroras show this level of detail. This unusual display of an auroral corona occurred on Earth three days after an unusual solar event -- the fifth most powerful explosion yet recorded on the Sun. An X14-class solar flare on April 15 sent a tremendous Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) into the Solar System. This CME did not directly impact the Earth. The Solar-System wide shock wave it created probably did, however, causing a G3-class geomagnetic storm and a night filled with colorful auroras across much of northern North America. The unusual red color of this Michigan aurora is caused by solar ions striking oxygen molecules 300 kilometers high in Earth's atmosphere. More typical green auroras are caused by oxygen recombining only 100 kilometers high.",2002-01-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 20 |
+
The Center of Centaurus A,"A fantastic jumble of young blue star clusters, gigantic glowing gas clouds, and imposing dark dust lanes surrounds the central region of the active galaxy Centaurus A. This mosaic of Hubble Space Telescope images taken in blue, green, and red light has been processed to present a natural color picture of this cosmic maelstrom. Infrared images from the Hubble have also shown that hidden at the center of this activity are what seem to be disks of matter spiraling into a black hole with a billion times the mass of the Sun! Centaurus A itself is apparently the result of a collision of two galaxies and the left over debris is steadily being consumed by the black hole. Astronomers believe that such black hole central engines generate the radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray energy radiated by Centaurus A and other active galaxies. But for an active galaxy Centaurus A is close, a mere 10 million light-years away, and is a relatively convenient laboratory for exploring these powerful sources of energy.",2007-07-29,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 21 |
+
M42: Wisps of the Orion Nebula,"The Great Nebula in Orion, an immense, nearby starbirth region, is probably the most famous of all astronomical nebulas. Here, glowing gas surrounds hot young stars at the edge of an immense interstellar molecular cloud only 1500 light-years away. In the above deep image, faint wisps and sheets of dust and gas are particularly evident. The Great Nebula in Orion can be found with the unaided eye just below and to the left of the easily identifiable belt of three stars in the popular constellation Orion. In addition to housing a bright open cluster of stars known as the Trapezium, the Orion Nebula contains many stellar nurseries. These nurseries contain hydrogen gas, hot young stars, proplyds, and stellar jets spewing material at high speeds. Also known as M42, the Orion Nebula spans about 40 light years and is located in the same spiral arm of our Galaxy as the Sun.",2006-11-20,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 22 |
+
A Path To Orion,"Last Saturday, the Space Shuttle Discovery lit up the night as it climbed into orbit above planet Earth. From Oak Hill, Florida, USA - about 30 miles north of the Kennedy Space Center - design engineer Andrew Arigema tracked the shuttle and recorded a four minute time exposure of the exhaust plume along Discovery's path against the background of the starry sky. At the upper left, the end of the drifting plume is punctuated by Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka in a vertical line, the belt stars of Orion. To the right of the belt stars, the pinkish jewel in Orion's sword is not a star at all, but the great Orion Nebula. Still farther to the right, at the foot of the hunter, lies Rigel, the brightest star in view. Rigel is a hot supergiant star some 700 light-years in the distance.",2006-12-16,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 23 |
+
A Large Tsunami Shock Wave on the Sun,"Tsunamis this large don't happen on Earth. During 2006, a large solar flare from an Earth-sized sunspot produced a tsunami-type shock wave that was spectacular even for the Sun. Pictured above, the tsunami wave was captured moving out from active region AR 10930 by the Optical Solar Patrol Network (OSPAN) telescope in New Mexico, USA. The resulting shock wave, known technically as a Moreton wave, compressed and heated up gasses including hydrogen in the photosphere of the Sun, causing a momentarily brighter glow. The above image was taken in a very specific red color emitted exclusively by hydrogen gas. The rampaging tsunami took out some active filaments on the Sun, although many re-established themselves later. The solar tsunami spread at nearly one million kilometers per hour, and circled the entire Sun in a matter of minutes.",2011-09-25,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 24 |
+
Tornadoes on the Sun,"Giant spinning clouds of gas, similar to Earth's tornadoes, have been found on the Sun. Solar tornadoes, however, can be larger than the entire Earth, and sustain wind gusts over 1000 times stronger than their Earth counterparts. The SOHO spacecraft has found that solar tornadoes start low in the Sun's atmosphere and spiral outwards, gathering speed as they enter the Solar System. Earthlings have more to fear from Earth's own weather phenomena, though, because the high speed particles that result from solar tornadoes are easily stopped by the Earth's thick atmosphere. Earthlings may have much to learn from solar tornadoes, including details of how the solar wind and corona are powered, and how to better predict future solar particle storms that could damage sensitive satellites.",1998-04-29,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 25 |
+
Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300,"Big, beautiful, barred spiral galaxy NGC 1300 lies some 70 million light-years away on the banks of the constellation Eridanus. This Hubble Space Telescope composite view of the gorgeous island universe was released at this week's meeting of the American Astronomical Society as one of the largest Hubble images ever made of a complete galaxy. NGC 1300 spans over 100,000 light-years and the Hubble image reveals striking details of the galaxy's dominant central bar and majestic spiral arms. In fact, on close inspection the nucleus of this classic barred spiral itself shows a remarkable region of spiral structure about 3,000 light-years across. Unlike other spiral galaxies, including our own Milky Way, NGC 1300 is not presently known to have a massive central black hole.",2005-01-12,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 26 |
+
A Total Eclipse at the End of the World,"Would you go to the end of the world to see a total eclipse of the Sun? If you did, would you be surprised to find someone else there already? In 2003, the Sun, the Moon, Antarctica, and two photographers all lined up in Antarctica during an unusual total solar eclipse. Even given the extreme location, a group of enthusiastic eclipse chasers ventured near the bottom of the world to experience the surreal momentary disappearance of the Sun behind the Moon. One of the treasures collected was the above picture -- a composite of four separate images digitally combined to realistically simulate how the adaptive human eye saw the eclipse. As the image was taken, both the Moon and the Sun peeked together over an Antarctic ridge. In the sudden darkness, the magnificent corona of the Sun became visible around the Moon. Quite by accident, another photographer was caught in one of the images checking his video camera. Visible to his left are an equipment bag and a collapsible chair. A total solar eclipse will occur on Friday and be visible from the north Atlantic Ocean.",2015-03-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 27 |
+
The Sun Oscillates,"Our Sun is in a continual state of oscillation. Large patches of the Sun vibrate in and out, back and forth, even as the Sun rotates. One mode of Solar oscillation is depicted graphically above, with blue indicating outward motion, and red indicating inward motion. Although sensitive optical solar observatories can only directly detect surface motions, they give information about vibrations occurring much deeper in the Sun. In helioseismology, these oscillations are being analyzed and are revealing unprecedented information about the density, temperature, motion, and chemical composition of the entire Sun.",1999-06-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 28 |
+
Space Station Mir Over Earth,"This picture of the Russian space station Mir over the Pacific Ocean was recorded by the Space Shuttle Discovery in February 1995. During this mission Discovery performed a rendezvous and ""fly around"" with Mir in preparation for a future docking mission. Many scientific experiments and astronomical observations were completed jointly by the American astronauts and the Russian cosmonauts. An IMAX camera took many pictures of this historic encounter. Some cosmonauts have spent more than a year on board Mir, the longest anyone has ever lived in space. Work on an International Space Station is in progress.",1995-09-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 29 |
+
Solstice Celebration,"Aloha and Season's greetings! On December 22nd, at 01:14 Universal Time (December 21, 3:14pm Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time), the Sun reaches its southernmost point in planet Earth's sky marking the final season change for the year 2002. In celebration, consider this delightfully detailed, brightly colored image of the active Sun. From the EIT instrument onboard the space-based SOHO observatory, the tantalizing picture is a false-color composite of three images all made in extreme ultraviolet light. Each individual image highlights a different temperature regime in the upper solar atmosphere and was assigned a specific color; red at 2 million, green at 1.5 million, and blue at 1 million degrees C. The combined image shows bright active regions strewn across the solar disk, which would otherwise appear as dark groups of sunspots in visible light images, along with some magnificent plasma loops and an immense prominence at the righthand solar limb.",2002-12-21,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 30 |
+
IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula,"South of Antares, in the tail of the nebula-rich constellation Scorpius, lies emission nebula IC 4628. Nearby hot, massive stars, millions of years young, radiate the nebula with invisible ultraviolet light, stripping electrons from atoms. The electrons eventually recombine with the atoms to produce the visible nebular glow. This narrow band image adopts a typical false-color mapping of the atomic emission, showing hydrogen emission in green hues, sulfur as red and oxygen as blue. At an estimated distance of 6,000 light-years, the region shown is about 250 light-years across. The nebula is also cataloged as Gum 56 for Australian astronomer Colin Stanley Gum, but seafood-loving astronomers might know this cosmic cloud as The Prawn Nebula.",2006-10-20,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 31 |
+
Burning Tree Sprite,"This dramatic, garishly colored image was captured with a low-light level camera on 2001 June 7. It shows what appears to be a ""burning tree"" above the National Cheng Kung University campus in Tainan City, Taiwan ... but the burning tree is actually a fleeting red sprite 300 kilometers away. Red sprites are recently discovered and still poorly understood optical flashes seen dancing at altitudes of 30 to 90 kilometers above thunderstorms. Cousins to lightning bolts, red sprites occur near the edge of the atmosphere and have been glimpsed by astronauts from orbit. What ever their cause, the red sprite flashes usually last only tenths to hundredths of a second and characteristically take on shapes which researchers describe as columns, fingers, trees, or carrots.",2001-08-02,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 32 |
+
The Double Haze above Titan,"Most moons have no haze layer at all - why does Titan have two? Images from the Cassini spacecraft that slipped into orbit around Saturn last month confirm that the Solar System's most mysterious moon is surrounded not only by a thick atmosphere but also by two distinct spheres of haze. These layers are visible as purple in the above false-color ultraviolet image. Titan's opaque atmosphere is similar to Earth's atmosphere in that it is composed mostly of nitrogen. As energetic sunlight strikes high level atmospheric nitrogen and methane, trace amounts of organic compounds such as ethane and carbon dioxide appear to form. These and other complex organic molecules likely populate the detached haze layer. In December 2004, Cassini will launch the Huygens probe to land on Titan.",2004-08-10,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 33 |
+
Hubble's Jupiter and the Amazing Shrinking Great Red Spot,"Gas giant Jupiter is the solar system's largest world with about 320 times the mass of planet Earth. It's also known for a giant swirling storm system, the Great Red Spot, featured in this sharp Hubble image from April 21. Nestled between Jupiter-girdling cloud bands, the Great Red Spot itself could still easily swallow Earth, but lately it has been shrinking. The most recent Hubble observations measure the spot to be about 10,250 miles (16,500 kilometers) across. That's the smallest ever measured by Hubble and particularly dramatic when compared to 14,500 miles measured by the Voyager 1 and 2 flybys in 1979, and historic telescopic observations from the 1800s indicating a width of about 25,500 miles on its long axis. Current indications are that the rate of shrinking is increasing for the long-lived Great Red Spot.",2014-05-17,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 34 |
+
East of the Lagoon Nebula,"To the east of the Lagoon Nebula is a star field rich in diversity. On the lower left are clouds rich in dark dust that hide background stars and young star systems still forming. Dark clouds include LDN 227 on the left and IC 1275 on the right, with a bright star near its tip. On the upper right are clouds rich in hot glowing gas, including part of the emission nebula NGC 6559. On the right, between the two regions, is a nebula reflecting light from a group of massive blue stars. The NGC 6559 complex pictured above spans about 3 light years and likely has a common history with the Lagoon Nebula. The complex lies about 5000 light-years away toward the constellation of Sagittarius.",2002-05-20,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 35 |
+
SM3B: Mission to Hubble,Tomorrow's picture: Neutron Mars < | Archive | Index | Search | Calendar | Glossary | Education | About APOD | > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (USRA) NASA Technical Rep.: Jay Norris. Specific rights apply. A service of: LHEA at NASA/ GSFC & Michigan Tech. U.,2002-03-14,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 36 |
+
Earth at Night,"This is what the Earth looks like at night. Can you find your favorite country or city? Surprisingly, city lights make this task quite possible. Human-made lights highlight particularly developed or populated areas of the Earth's surface, including the seaboards of Europe, the eastern United States, and Japan. Many large cities are located near rivers or oceans so that they can exchange goods cheaply by boat. Particularly dark areas include the central parts of South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. The above image is actually a composite of hundreds of pictures made by the orbiting DMSP satellites. (Editor's note: This image has become an email-attachment phenomenon! It has also generated many print requests. Unfortunately, we do not sell prints. However, a high-resolution digital version of the image is available (click here or here).",2002-08-10,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 37 |
+
Saturn's Iapetus: Painted Moon,"What has happened to Saturn's moon Iapetus? Vast sections of this strange world are dark as coal, while others are as bright as ice. The composition of the dark material is unknown, but infrared spectra indicate that it possibly contains some dark form of carbon. Iapetus also has an unusual equatorial ridge that makes it appear like a walnut. To help better understand this seemingly painted moon, NASA directed the robotic Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn to swoop within 2,000 kilometers in 2007. Pictured above, from about 75,000 kilometers out, Cassini's trajectory allowed unprecedented imaging of the hemisphere of Iapetus that is always trailing. A huge impact crater seen in the south spans a tremendous 450 kilometers and appears superposed on an older crater of similar size. The dark material is seen increasingly coating the easternmost part of Iapetus, darkening craters and highlands alike. Close inspection indicates that the dark coating typically faces the moon's equator and is less than a meter thick. A leading hypothesis is that the dark material is mostly dirt leftover when relatively warm but dirty ice sublimates. An initial coating of dark material may have been effectively painted on by the accretion of meteor-liberated debris from other moons. This and other images from Cassini's Iapetus flyby are being studied for even greater clues. Discovery + Outreach: Graduate student research position open for APOD",2012-01-13,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 38 |
+
Trio Leo,"This popular group is famous as the Leo Triplet - a gathering of three magnificent galaxies in one field of view. Crowd pleasers when imaged with even modest telescopes, these galaxies can be introduced individually as NGC 3628 (top), M66 (bottom left), and M65 (bottom right). All three are large spiral galaxies. They tend to look dissimilar because their galactic disks are tilted at different angles to our line of sight. NGC 3628 is seen edge-on, with obscuring dust lanes cutting across the plane of the galaxy, while the disks of M66 and M65 are both inclined enough to show off their spiral structure. Gravitational interactions between galaxies in the group have also left telltale signs, including the warped and inflated disk of NGC 3628 and the drawn out spiral arms of M66. This gorgeous deep view of the region spans about one degree (two full moons) on the sky. The field covers over 500 thousand light-years at the trio's estimated distance of 30 million light-years.",2006-03-09,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 39 |
+
Io: Moon Over Jupiter,"How big is the Jovian moon Io? The most volcanic body in the Solar System, Io (usually pronounced ""EYE-oh"") is 3,600 kilometers in diameter, about the size of planet Earth's single large natural satellite. Gliding past Jupiter at the turn of the millennium, the Cassini spacecraft captured this awe inspiring view of active Io with the largest gas giant as a backdrop, offering a stunning demonstration of the ruling planet's relative size. Although in the picture Io appears to be located just in front of the swirling Jovian clouds, Io hurtles around its orbit once every 42 hours at a distance of 420,000 kilometers or so from the center of Jupiter. That puts it nearly 350,000 kilometers above Jupiter's cloud tops, roughly equivalent to the distance between Earth and Moon. The Cassini spacecraft itself was about 10 million kilometers from Jupiter when recording the image data.",2002-07-06,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 40 |
+
GLIMPSE the Milky Way,"Scroll right and gaze through the dusty plane of our Milky Way Galaxy in infrared light. The cosmic panorama is courtesy of the Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) project and the Spitzer Space Telescope. The galactic plane itself runs through the middle of the false-color view that spans nine degrees (about 18 full moons) across the southern constellation Norma. Spitzer's infrared cameras see through much of the galaxy's obscuring dust revealing many new star clusters as well as star forming regions (bright white splotches) and hot interstellar hydrogen gas (greenish wisps). The pervasive red clouds are emission from dust and organic molecules, pocked with holes and bubbles blown by energetic outflows from massive stars. Intensely dark patches are regions of dust too dense for even Spitzer's infrared vision to penetrate.",2005-12-16,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 41 |
+
A Hole Punch Cloud Over Alabama,"Tomorrow's picture: Pan the Moon < | Archive | Index | Search | Calendar | Glossary | Education | About APOD | > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (USRA) NASA Web Site Statements, Warnings, and Disclaimers NASA Official: Jay Norris. Specific rights apply. A service of: LHEA at NASA / GSFC & Michigan Tech. U.",2004-01-12,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 42 |
+
"Comet Halley's Nucleus
|
| 43 |
+
Credit:","Here is what a comet nucleus really looks
|
| 44 |
like. For all active comets except Halley,
|
| 45 |
it was only possible to see the surrounding opaque gas cloud called
|
| 46 |
the coma. During Comet Halley's
|
| 47 |
most recent pass through the inner Solar System
|
| 48 |
in 1986, however, spacecraft Giotto
|
| 49 |
was able to go right up to the comet and photograph its nucleus.
|
| 50 |
The above image is a composite of hundreds of these photographs.
|
| 51 |
Although the most famous comet, Halley
|
| 52 |
achieved in 1986 only 1/10th the brightness that Comet Hyakutake
|
| 53 |
did last year, and a similar comparison is likely with next year's
|
| 54 |
pass of Comet Hale-Bopp. Every 76
|
| 55 |
years Comet Halley comes around again,
|
| 56 |
and each time the nucleus sheds about 6 meters of ice and rock
|
| 57 |
into space. This debris composes Halley's tails
|
| 58 |
and leaves an orbiting trail that, when falling to Earth,
|
| 59 |
are called the Orionids Meteor Shower.
|
| 60 |
+
The Case of the Missing Supernova,"Would you notice a second Moon in the sky? About 700 years ago, light from a tremendous explosion reached Earth that should have appeared almost as bright as a full Moon. The bright spot should have lasted for weeks, yet no notation of such an occurrence has been found in historical records. The mystery was uncovered by Wan Chen and Neil Gehrels (NASA/GSFC) when studying the source of radioactive elements toward the Vela supernova remnant. They deduced that an explosion much younger and closer than the supernova that caused Vela must have occurred, and even computed explosion characteristics from the amounts of radioactive elements present. They calculate that GRO/RX J0852 should have dazzled medieval stargazers. Perhaps people were too busy, surviving records are too incomplete, or the explosion was somehow too dim. The above picture of GRO/RX J0852 was taken in gamma-ray light with the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory and is shown in false-color. Astronomers and historians continue to contemplate the clues.",1999-04-13,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 61 |
+
Startrails over Beijing Ancient Observatory,"You can take a subway ride to visit this observatory in Beijing, China but you won't find any telescopes there. Starting in the 1400s astronomers erected devices at the Beijing Ancient Observatory site to enable them to accurately measure and track the positions of naked-eye stars and planets. Some of the large, ornate astronomical instruments are still standing. You can even see stars from the star observation platform today, but now only the very brightest celestial beacons are visible against the city lights. In this time series of exposures from a camera fixed to a tripod to record graceful arcing startrails, the brightest trail is actually the Moon. Its broad arc is seen behind the ancient observatory's brass armillary sphere. Compare this picture from the Beijing Ancient Observatory taken in September 2023 to one taken in 1895.",2023-12-02,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 62 |
+
Saturn's Iapetus: Painted Moon,"What has happened to Saturn's moon Iapetus? Vast sections of this strange world are dark as coal, while others are as bright as ice. The composition of the dark material is unknown, but infrared spectra indicate that it possibly contains some dark form of carbon. Iapetus also has an unusual equatorial ridge that makes it appear like a walnut. To help better understand this seemingly painted moon, NASA directed the robotic Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn to swoop within 2,000 kilometers in 2007. Pictured above, from about 75,000 kilometers out, Cassini's trajectory allowed unprecedented imaging of the hemisphere of Iapetus that is always trailing. A huge impact crater seen in the south spans a tremendous 450 kilometers and appears superposed on an older crater of similar size. The dark material is seen increasingly coating the easternmost part of Iapetus, darkening craters and highlands alike. Close inspection indicates that the dark coating typically faces the moon's equator and is less than a meter thick. A leading hypothesis is that the dark material is mostly dirt leftover when relatively warm but dirty ice sublimates. An initial coating of dark material may have been effectively painted on by the accretion of meteor-liberated debris from other moons. This and other images from Cassini's Iapetus flyby are being studied for even greater clues.",2009-08-09,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 63 |
+
Dark Sand Cascades on Mars,"They might look like trees on Mars, but they're not. Groups of dark brown streaks have been photographed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on melting pinkish sand dunes covered with light frost. The above image was taken in 2008 April near the North Pole of Mars. At that time, dark sand on the interior of Martian sand dunes became more and more visible as the spring Sun melted the lighter carbon dioxide ice. When occurring near the top of a dune, dark sand may cascade down the dune leaving dark surface streaks -- streaks that might appear at first to be trees standing in front of the lighter regions, but cast no shadows. Objects about 25 centimeters across are resolved on this image spanning about one kilometer. Close ups of some parts of this image show billowing plumes indicating that the sand slides were occurring even while the image was being taken.",2015-11-29,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 64 |
+
Aurora Banks Peninsula,"This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand's South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth's south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664. AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations",2024-05-17,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 65 |
+
Cassini Spacecraft Crosses Saturn's Ring Plane,"If this is Saturn, where are the rings? When Saturn's ""appendages"" disappeared in 1612, Galileo did not understand why. Later that century, it became understood that Saturn's unusual protrusions were rings and that when the Earth crosses the ring plane, the edge-on rings will appear to disappear. This is because Saturn's rings are confined to a plane many times thinner, in proportion, than a razor blade. In modern times, the robot Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn now also crosses Saturn's ring plane. A series of plane crossing images from 2005 February was dug out of the vast online Cassini raw image archive by interested Spanish amateur Fernando Garcia Navarro. Pictured above, digitally cropped and set in representative colors, is the striking result. Saturn's thin ring plane appears in blue, bands and clouds in Saturn's upper atmosphere appear in gold. Details of Saturn's rings can be seen in the high dark shadows across the top of this image, taken back in 2005. Moons appear as bumps in the rings.",2014-02-23,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 66 |
+
M1: The Crab Nebula,"The Crab Nebula is cataloged as M1, the first object on Charles Messier's famous 18th century list of things which are not comets. In fact, the Crab is now known to be a supernova remnant, debris from the death explosion of a massive star witnessed by astronomers in the year 1054. This sharp image from the James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) and MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) explores the eerie glow and fragmented strands of the still expanding cloud of interstellar debris in infrared light. One of the most exotic objects known to modern astronomers, the Crab Pulsar, a neutron star spinning 30 times a second, is visible as a bright spot near the nebula's center. Like a cosmic dynamo, this collapsed remnant of the stellar core powers the Crab's emission across the electromagnetic spectrum. Spanning about 12 light-years, the Crab Nebula is a mere 6,500 light-years away in the head-strong constellation Taurus. Album: Moon Eclipses Venus: Selected images sent in to APOD",2023-11-09,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 67 |
+
The Dawn of the Clusters,"What did the universe look like near the beginning? This exciting photo by the Hubble Space Telescope is one of the deepest ever taken, and shows galaxies as far away as ever before photographed. The universe back then - when only one third of its present age - was a strange and violent place. Back then a large fraction of galaxies were colliding and interacting. In fact, the shapes of many galaxies in the above photo are more distorted than most nearby galaxies. At this early universe epoch many clusters of galaxies were just forming. The bright twisted group of galaxies below the photographs center contains the energetic radio galaxy 3C324.",1996-01-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 68 |
+
JWST: Ghosts and Mirrors,"Ghosts aren't actually hovering over the James Webb Space Telescope. But the lights are out as it stands with gold tinted mirror segments and support structures folded in Goddard Space Flight Center's Spacecraft Systems Development and Integration Facility clean room. Following vibration and acoustic testing, bright flashlights and ultraviolet lights are played over the stationary telescope looking for contamination, easier to spot in a darkened room. In the dimness the camera's long exposure creates the ghostly apparitions, blurring the moving lights and engineers. A scientific successor to Hubble, the James Webb Space Telescope is optimized for the infrared exploration of the early Universe. Its planned launch is in 2018 from French Guiana on a European Space Agency Ariane 5 rocket.",2017-03-18,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 69 |
+
Eclipse Over The Mountain,"Undaunted by world wide anticipation of the August 11 total solar eclipse, the moon also performed a lunar eclipse just two weeks earlier, on July 28. Crossing the edge of Earth's shadow the moon was only partially eclipsed - but the spectacle could be seen by observers located across the Earth's night side. For example, this photo was taken in early morning hours shortly after the mid-point of the eclipse as seen from Cody, Wyoming, USA. Still illuminating the landscape and obscured by a wisp of cloud, the moon is setting behind Sheep Mountain, west of Cody. Enjoying the celestial display, astrophotographer Mack Frost reported fairly clear skies tinged with a little smoke from area grass fires.",1999-09-02,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 70 |
+
433 Eros (A898 PA),NEO with diameter between 22.01 and 49.21 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 71 |
+
719 Albert (A911 TB),NEO with diameter between 2.03 and 4.53 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 72 |
+
887 Alinda (A918 AA),NEO with diameter between 4.53 and 10.14 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 73 |
+
1036 Ganymed (A924 UB),NEO with diameter between 38.78 and 86.70 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 74 |
+
1221 Amor (1932 EA1),NEO with diameter between 0.89 and 1.99 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 75 |
+
1566 Icarus (1949 MA),NEO with diameter between 1.30 and 2.91 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 76 |
+
1580 Betulia (1950 KA),NEO with diameter between 3.08 and 6.89 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 77 |
+
1620 Geographos (1951 RA),NEO with diameter between 2.35 and 5.25 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 78 |
+
1627 Ivar (1929 SH),NEO with diameter between 7.22 and 16.15 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 79 |
+
1685 Toro (1948 OA),NEO with diameter between 3.70 and 8.28 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 80 |
+
1862 Apollo (1932 HA),NEO with diameter between 1.62 and 3.61 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 81 |
+
1863 Antinous (1948 EA),NEO with diameter between 2.15 and 4.81 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 82 |
+
1864 Daedalus (1971 FA),NEO with diameter between 2.85 and 6.37 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 83 |
+
1865 Cerberus (1971 UA),NEO with diameter between 1.17 and 2.61 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 84 |
+
1866 Sisyphus (1972 XA),NEO with diameter between 8.41 and 18.79 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 85 |
+
1915 Quetzalcoatl (1953 EA),NEO with diameter between 0.56 and 1.25 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 86 |
+
1916 Boreas (1953 RA),NEO with diameter between 2.72 and 6.08 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 87 |
+
1917 Cuyo (1968 AA),NEO with diameter between 3.50 and 7.84 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 88 |
+
1943 Anteros (1973 EC),NEO with diameter between 1.93 and 4.31 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 89 |
+
1980 Tezcatlipoca (1950 LA),NEO with diameter between 4.56 and 10.19 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
nistscraper_data.csv
ADDED
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| 1 |
+
title,description,date,data_type,source,scrape_timestamp
|
| 2 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 3 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 4 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 5 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 6 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 7 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 8 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 9 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 10 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 11 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 12 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 13 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 14 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 15 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 16 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 17 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 18 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 19 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 20 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 21 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 22 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 23 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 24 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 25 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 26 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 27 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 28 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 29 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 30 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 31 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 32 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 33 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 34 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 35 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 36 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 37 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 38 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 39 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 40 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 41 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 42 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 43 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 44 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 45 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 46 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 47 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 48 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 49 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 50 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 51 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 52 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 53 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 54 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 55 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 56 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 57 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 59 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 73 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 74 |
+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,quantum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 102 |
+
,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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+
,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
|
| 115 |
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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,,,vacuum_research,NIST,2024-12-20 19:37:36.428193
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like. For all active comets except Halley,
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| 1 |
it was only possible to see the surrounding opaque gas cloud called
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| 2 |
the coma. During Comet Halley's
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| 3 |
most recent pass through the inner Solar System
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| 4 |
in 1986, however, spacecraft Giotto
|
| 5 |
was able to go right up to the comet and photograph its nucleus.
|
| 6 |
The above image is a composite of hundreds of these photographs.
|
| 7 |
Although the most famous comet, Halley
|
| 8 |
achieved in 1986 only 1/10th the brightness that Comet Hyakutake
|
| 9 |
did last year, and a similar comparison is likely with next year's
|
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pass of Comet Hale-Bopp. Every 76
|
| 11 |
years Comet Halley comes around again,
|
| 12 |
and each time the nucleus sheds about 6 meters of ice and rock
|
| 13 |
into space. This debris composes Halley's tails
|
| 14 |
and leaves an orbiting trail that, when falling to Earth,
|
| 15 |
are called the Orionids Meteor Shower.
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+
title,description,date,data_type,source,scrape_timestamp
|
| 2 |
+
Saturn and the ISS,"Soaring high in skies around planet Earth, bright planet Saturn was a star of June's morning planet parade. But very briefly on June 24 it posed with a bright object in low Earth orbit, the International Space Station. On that date from a school parking lot in Temecula, California the ringed-planet and International Space Station were both caught in this single high-speed video frame. Though Saturn was shining at +0.5 stellar magnitude the space station was an even brighter -3 on the magnitude scale. That difference in brightness is faithfully represented in the video capture frame. In the challenging image, the orbiting ISS was at a range of 602 kilometers. Saturn was about 1.4 billion kilometers from the school parking lot.",2022-07-09,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 3 |
+
NGC 7027: A Dying Star's Nebula,"This pseudo-color composite of two recent Hubble Space Telescope images is a picture of a Sun-like star nearing the end of its lifetime. The exquisite details visible in this planetary nebula indicate that when the star passed through its Red Giant phase it initially shrugged off its outer atmosphere gently and evenly producing the outer faint spherical shells. As the process continued, material was apparently ejected in dense clumps producing dust clouds in the bright inner regions. The whole ejection process was amazingly rapid, taking only a few thousand years compared to a 10 billion year lifetime typical for Solar type stars. In the end the hot stellar core, now a white dwarf star, was left - seen here as a white dot at the center of the nebula. Our middle-aged Sun will experience a similar fate ... in about 5 billion years!",1996-01-17,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 4 |
+
Sunset Moonlight,"November's lunar eclipse was one of the shortest in recent years and also one of the brightest -- demonstrating that the Earth's shadow is not completely dark. The eclipsed Moon remained easily visible during totality, reflecting reddened light filtering on to its surface from all the sunsets and sunrises, as seen from the lunar perspective, around the edges of a silhouetted Earth. Hoping to view the celestial shadow play from the Earth's night side near Cologne, Germany, about 400,000 kilometers from the lunar surface, amateur astronomer Markus Strassfeld packed a digital camera and telescope and drove about 10 kilometers outside the city to escape the bright city lights. Fortunately, the sky cleared about an hour before the eclipse began and he was able to record this sharp image of sunsets illuminating the totally eclipsed Moon. Young ray crater Tycho, about 85 kilometers across, stands out near the Moon's brighter southern edge.",2003-11-21,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 5 |
+
A Year of Dark Cosmology,"We live in the exciting time when humanity discovers the nature of our entire universe. During this year, in particular, however, the quest for cosmological understanding appears to have astronomers groping in the dark. Dark matter and dark energy are becoming accepted invisible components of our universe, much like oxygen and nitrogen have become established invisible components of Earth-bound air. In comprehending the nature and origin of the formerly invisible, however, we are only just exiting the cosmological dark age. Relatively unexplored concepts such as higher spatial dimensions, string theories of fundamental particles, quintessence, and new forms of inflation all vie for cornerstone roles in a more complete theory. As understanding invisible air has led to such useful inventions as the airplane and the oxygen mask, perhaps understanding dark matter and dark energy can lead to even more spectacular and useful inventions. Pictured above, three of the largest optical telescopes (Keck I, Keck II, and Subaru) prepare to peer into the dark and distant universe.",2001-12-31,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 6 |
+
Saturn with Moons Tethys and Dione,"Saturn and two of its larger moons - Tethys and Dione - were photographed by the Voyager 1 spacecraft which flew by the planet in November of 1980. This picture gives an indication of Saturn's extensive ring system, which can be seen casting a shadow on the planet, as does Tethys. Saturn's rings are composed of many chunks of ice ranging in size from a pebble to a car. The rings have several large gaps, the largest of which is clearly visible in the picture and is named the Cassini Division, after its discoverer. Saturn appears brighter than most stars in the sky, and its rings can be discerned with a small telescope. A new spacecraft - Cassini - will visit Saturn and is currently scheduled for launch in 1997. Information: The Scale of the Universe Debate in April 1996",1996-03-18,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 7 |
+
"Mercury Astronauts and a Redstone
|
| 8 |
+
Credit:","Space suited project Mercury astronauts John H. Glenn, Virgil I. Grissom, and Alan B. Shepard Jr. (left to right) are pictured here posing in front of a Redstone rocket in this vintage 1961 NASA publicity photo. Project Mercury was the first U.S. program designed to put humans in space. It resulted in 6 flights using one-man capsules and Redstone and Atlas rockets. Shortly after the first U.S. manned flight on May 5, 1961, a suborbital flight piloted by Alan Shepard, President Kennedy announced the goal of a manned lunar landing by 1970. This goal was achieved by NASA's Apollo program and Shepard himself walked on the moon as commander of the Apollo 14 mission.",1997-04-06,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 9 |
+
NGC 4651: The Umbrella Galaxy,"Spiral galaxy NGC 4651 is a mere 35 million light-years distant, toward the well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. About 50 thousand light-years across, this galaxy is seen to have a faint umbrella-shaped structure (right) that seems to extend some 50 thousand light-years farther, beyond the bright galactic disk. The giant cosmic umbrella is now known to be composed of tidal star streams. The streams themselves are extensive trails of stars gravitationally stripped from a smaller satellite galaxy that was eventually torn apart. Placing your cursor over the image will superimpose a simulation of the satellite galaxy's path as it was disrupted and absorbed into NGC 4651. Recent work by a remarkable collaboration of amateur and professional astronomers to image faint structures around bright galaxies suggests that even in nearby galaxies, such tidal star streams are common. The result is predicted by models of galaxy formation, including the formation of our Milky Way.",2010-04-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 10 |
+
LL Orionis: When Cosmic Winds Collide,"This arcing, graceful structure is actually a bow shock about half a light-year across, created as the wind from young star LL Orionis collides with the Orion Nebula flow. Adrift in Orion's stellar nursery and still in its formative years, variable star LL Orionis produces a wind more energetic than the wind from our own middle-aged sun. As the fast stellar wind runs into slow moving gas a shock front is formed, analogous to the bow wave of a boat moving through water or a plane traveling at supersonic speed. The slower gas is flowing away from the Orion Nebula's hot central star cluster, the Trapezium, located off the lower right hand edge of the picture. In three dimensions, LL Ori's wrap-around shock front is shaped like a bowl that appears brightest when viewed along the ""bottom"" edge. The complex stellar nursery in Orion shows a myriad of similar fluid shapes associated with star formation, including the bow shock surrounding a faint star at the upper right. Part of a mosaic covering the Great Nebula in Orion, this composite color image was recorded in 1995 by the Hubble Space Telescope.",2003-11-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 11 |
+
NGC 6559: East of the Lagoon,"Slide your telescope just east of the Lagoon Nebula to find this alluring field of view in the rich starfields of the constellation Sagittarius toward the central Milky Way. Of course the Lagoon nebula is also known as M8, the eighth object listed in Charles Messier's famous catalog of bright nebulae and star clusters. Close on the sky but slightly fainter than M8, this complex of nebulae was left out of Messier's list though. It contains obscuring dust, striking red emission and blue reflection nebulae of star-forming region NGC 6559 at right. Like M8, NGC 6559 is located about 5,000 light-years away along the edge of a large molecular cloud. At that distance, this telescopic frame nearly 3 full moons wide would span about 130 light-years. Global Moon Party: NASA's Night Sky Network: Saturday, October 9",2021-10-07,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 12 |
+
The Tulip in the Swan,"Framing a bright emission region this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula the glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant the nebula is understandably not the only cosmic cloud to evoke the imagery of flowers. The complex and beautiful nebula is shown here in a composite image that maps emission from ionized sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms into red, green, and blue colors. Ultraviolet radiation from young, energetic O star HDE 227018 ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star very near the blue arc at image center.",2012-07-26,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 13 |
+
GK Per: Nova of 1901,"rly in the 20th century, GK Persei briefly became one of the brightest stars in planet Earth's sky, an event known as Nova Persei 1901. Documented in this modern day composite of two images from 2003 and 2011 the ejecta from the explosion, popularly called the Firework Nebula, continues to expand into space. These images are part of a time lapse video tracking the nebula's expansion over the last 17 years. About 1500 light-years away, the nebula is still just under a light-year in diameter. GK Per and similar cataclysmic variable stars known as classical novae are understood to be binary systems consisting of a compact white dwarf star and swollen cool giant star in a close orbit. The build up of mass transferred to the surface of the white dwarf from the giant star through an accretion disk eventually triggers a thermonuclear outburst, blasting the stellar material into space without destroying the white dwarf star. With a 2 day orbital period, the GK Per system has produced much smaller outbursts in recent years.",2011-11-05,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 14 |
+
Snake in the Dark,"Dark nebulae snake across a gorgeous expanse of stars in this wide-field view toward the pronounceable constellation Ophiuchus and the center of our Milky Way Galaxy. In fact, the central S-shape seen here is well known as the Snake Nebula. It is also listed as Barnard 72 (B72), one of 182 dark markings of the sky cataloged in the early 20th century by astronomer E. E. Barnard. Unlike bright emission nebulae and star clusters, Barnard's nebulae are interstellar dark clouds of obscuring gas and dust. Their shapes are visible in cosmic silhouette only because they lie in the foreground along the line of sight to rich star fields and glowing stellar nurseries near the plane of our Galaxy. Many of Barnard's dark nebulae are themselves likely sites of future star formation. Barnard 72 is a few light years across and about 650 light years away.",2005-05-21,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 15 |
+
Moon Phases 2022,"What will the Moon phase be on your birthday this year? It is hard to predict because the Moon's appearance changes nightly. As the Moon orbits the Earth, the half illuminated by the Sun first becomes increasingly visible, then decreasingly visible. The featured video animates images and altitude data taken by NASA's Moon-orbiting Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter to show all 12 lunations that appear this year, 2022 -- as seen from Earth's northern (southern) hemisphere. A single lunation describes one full cycle of our Moon, including all of its phases. A full lunation takes about 29.5 days, just under a month (moon-th). As each lunation progresses, sunlight reflects from the Moon at different angles, and so illuminates different features differently. During all of this, of course, the Moon always keeps the same face toward the Earth. What is less apparent night-to-night is that the Moon's apparent size changes slightly, and that a slight wobble called a libration occurs as the Moon progresses along its elliptical orbit.",2022-02-01,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 16 |
+
Portrait of NGC 3628,"Sharp telescopic views of NGC 3628 show a puffy galactic disk divided by dark dust lanes. Of course, this portrait of the magnificent, edge-on spiral galaxy puts some astronomers in mind of its popular moniker, the Hamburger Galaxy. It also reveals a small galaxy nearby (below), likely a satellite of NGC 3628, and a very faint but extensive tidal tail. The drawn out tail stretches for about 300,000 light-years, even beyond the left edge of the frame. NGC 3628 shares its neighborhood in the local universe with two other large spirals M65 and M66 in a grouping otherwise known as the Leo Triplet. Gravitational interactions with its cosmic neighbors are likely responsible for creating the tidal tail, as well as the extended flare and warp of this spiral's disk. The tantalizing island universe itself is about 100,000 light-years across and 35 million light-years away in the northern springtime constellation Leo.",2023-04-14,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 17 |
+
Descent of the Phoenix,"In this sweeping view, the 10 kilometer-wide crater Heimdall lies on the north polar plains of Mars. But the bright spot highlighted in the inset is the Phoenix lander parachuting toward the surface. The amazing picture was captured on May 25th by the HiRISE camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Though the lander looks like it might be dropping straight into Heimdall, it is really descending about 20 kilometers in front of the crater, in the foreground of the scene. The orbiter was 760 kilometers away from Phoenix when picture was taken, at an altitude of 310 kilometers. Subsequently the orbiter's camera was also able to image the lander on the surface. The parachute attached to the backshell and the heat shield were identified in the image, scattered nearby. Of course, the Phoenix lander itself is now returning much closer views of its landing site as it prepares to dig into the Martian surface.",2008-05-30,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 18 |
+
Comet 45P Returns,"An old comet has returned to the inner Solar System. Not only is Comet 45P/Honda�Mrkos�Pajdu��kov� physically ancient, it was first discovered 13 orbits ago in 1948. Comet 45P spends most of its time out near the orbit of Jupiter and last neared the Sun in 2011. Over the past few months, however, Comet 45P's new sunward plummet has brightened it considerably. Two days ago, the comet passed the closest part of its orbit to the Sun. The comet is currently visible with binoculars over the western horizon just after sunset, not far from the much brighter planet Venus. Pictured, Comet 45P was captured last week sporting a long ion tail with impressive structure. Comet 45P will pass relatively close to the Earth early next month. APOD Lecture: Friday, Jan. 6, Amateur Astronomers Association of New York City",2017-01-02,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 19 |
+
Red Auroral Corona,"Few auroras show this level of detail. This unusual display of an auroral corona occurred on Earth three days after an unusual solar event -- the fifth most powerful explosion yet recorded on the Sun. An X14-class solar flare on April 15 sent a tremendous Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) into the Solar System. This CME did not directly impact the Earth. The Solar-System wide shock wave it created probably did, however, causing a G3-class geomagnetic storm and a night filled with colorful auroras across much of northern North America. The unusual red color of this Michigan aurora is caused by solar ions striking oxygen molecules 300 kilometers high in Earth's atmosphere. More typical green auroras are caused by oxygen recombining only 100 kilometers high.",2002-01-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 20 |
+
The Center of Centaurus A,"A fantastic jumble of young blue star clusters, gigantic glowing gas clouds, and imposing dark dust lanes surrounds the central region of the active galaxy Centaurus A. This mosaic of Hubble Space Telescope images taken in blue, green, and red light has been processed to present a natural color picture of this cosmic maelstrom. Infrared images from the Hubble have also shown that hidden at the center of this activity are what seem to be disks of matter spiraling into a black hole with a billion times the mass of the Sun! Centaurus A itself is apparently the result of a collision of two galaxies and the left over debris is steadily being consumed by the black hole. Astronomers believe that such black hole central engines generate the radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray energy radiated by Centaurus A and other active galaxies. But for an active galaxy Centaurus A is close, a mere 10 million light-years away, and is a relatively convenient laboratory for exploring these powerful sources of energy.",2007-07-29,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 21 |
+
M42: Wisps of the Orion Nebula,"The Great Nebula in Orion, an immense, nearby starbirth region, is probably the most famous of all astronomical nebulas. Here, glowing gas surrounds hot young stars at the edge of an immense interstellar molecular cloud only 1500 light-years away. In the above deep image, faint wisps and sheets of dust and gas are particularly evident. The Great Nebula in Orion can be found with the unaided eye just below and to the left of the easily identifiable belt of three stars in the popular constellation Orion. In addition to housing a bright open cluster of stars known as the Trapezium, the Orion Nebula contains many stellar nurseries. These nurseries contain hydrogen gas, hot young stars, proplyds, and stellar jets spewing material at high speeds. Also known as M42, the Orion Nebula spans about 40 light years and is located in the same spiral arm of our Galaxy as the Sun.",2006-11-20,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 22 |
+
A Path To Orion,"Last Saturday, the Space Shuttle Discovery lit up the night as it climbed into orbit above planet Earth. From Oak Hill, Florida, USA - about 30 miles north of the Kennedy Space Center - design engineer Andrew Arigema tracked the shuttle and recorded a four minute time exposure of the exhaust plume along Discovery's path against the background of the starry sky. At the upper left, the end of the drifting plume is punctuated by Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka in a vertical line, the belt stars of Orion. To the right of the belt stars, the pinkish jewel in Orion's sword is not a star at all, but the great Orion Nebula. Still farther to the right, at the foot of the hunter, lies Rigel, the brightest star in view. Rigel is a hot supergiant star some 700 light-years in the distance.",2006-12-16,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 23 |
+
A Large Tsunami Shock Wave on the Sun,"Tsunamis this large don't happen on Earth. During 2006, a large solar flare from an Earth-sized sunspot produced a tsunami-type shock wave that was spectacular even for the Sun. Pictured above, the tsunami wave was captured moving out from active region AR 10930 by the Optical Solar Patrol Network (OSPAN) telescope in New Mexico, USA. The resulting shock wave, known technically as a Moreton wave, compressed and heated up gasses including hydrogen in the photosphere of the Sun, causing a momentarily brighter glow. The above image was taken in a very specific red color emitted exclusively by hydrogen gas. The rampaging tsunami took out some active filaments on the Sun, although many re-established themselves later. The solar tsunami spread at nearly one million kilometers per hour, and circled the entire Sun in a matter of minutes.",2011-09-25,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 24 |
+
Tornadoes on the Sun,"Giant spinning clouds of gas, similar to Earth's tornadoes, have been found on the Sun. Solar tornadoes, however, can be larger than the entire Earth, and sustain wind gusts over 1000 times stronger than their Earth counterparts. The SOHO spacecraft has found that solar tornadoes start low in the Sun's atmosphere and spiral outwards, gathering speed as they enter the Solar System. Earthlings have more to fear from Earth's own weather phenomena, though, because the high speed particles that result from solar tornadoes are easily stopped by the Earth's thick atmosphere. Earthlings may have much to learn from solar tornadoes, including details of how the solar wind and corona are powered, and how to better predict future solar particle storms that could damage sensitive satellites.",1998-04-29,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 25 |
+
Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300,"Big, beautiful, barred spiral galaxy NGC 1300 lies some 70 million light-years away on the banks of the constellation Eridanus. This Hubble Space Telescope composite view of the gorgeous island universe was released at this week's meeting of the American Astronomical Society as one of the largest Hubble images ever made of a complete galaxy. NGC 1300 spans over 100,000 light-years and the Hubble image reveals striking details of the galaxy's dominant central bar and majestic spiral arms. In fact, on close inspection the nucleus of this classic barred spiral itself shows a remarkable region of spiral structure about 3,000 light-years across. Unlike other spiral galaxies, including our own Milky Way, NGC 1300 is not presently known to have a massive central black hole.",2005-01-12,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 26 |
+
A Total Eclipse at the End of the World,"Would you go to the end of the world to see a total eclipse of the Sun? If you did, would you be surprised to find someone else there already? In 2003, the Sun, the Moon, Antarctica, and two photographers all lined up in Antarctica during an unusual total solar eclipse. Even given the extreme location, a group of enthusiastic eclipse chasers ventured near the bottom of the world to experience the surreal momentary disappearance of the Sun behind the Moon. One of the treasures collected was the above picture -- a composite of four separate images digitally combined to realistically simulate how the adaptive human eye saw the eclipse. As the image was taken, both the Moon and the Sun peeked together over an Antarctic ridge. In the sudden darkness, the magnificent corona of the Sun became visible around the Moon. Quite by accident, another photographer was caught in one of the images checking his video camera. Visible to his left are an equipment bag and a collapsible chair. A total solar eclipse will occur on Friday and be visible from the north Atlantic Ocean.",2015-03-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 27 |
+
The Sun Oscillates,"Our Sun is in a continual state of oscillation. Large patches of the Sun vibrate in and out, back and forth, even as the Sun rotates. One mode of Solar oscillation is depicted graphically above, with blue indicating outward motion, and red indicating inward motion. Although sensitive optical solar observatories can only directly detect surface motions, they give information about vibrations occurring much deeper in the Sun. In helioseismology, these oscillations are being analyzed and are revealing unprecedented information about the density, temperature, motion, and chemical composition of the entire Sun.",1999-06-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 28 |
+
Space Station Mir Over Earth,"This picture of the Russian space station Mir over the Pacific Ocean was recorded by the Space Shuttle Discovery in February 1995. During this mission Discovery performed a rendezvous and ""fly around"" with Mir in preparation for a future docking mission. Many scientific experiments and astronomical observations were completed jointly by the American astronauts and the Russian cosmonauts. An IMAX camera took many pictures of this historic encounter. Some cosmonauts have spent more than a year on board Mir, the longest anyone has ever lived in space. Work on an International Space Station is in progress.",1995-09-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 29 |
+
Solstice Celebration,"Aloha and Season's greetings! On December 22nd, at 01:14 Universal Time (December 21, 3:14pm Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time), the Sun reaches its southernmost point in planet Earth's sky marking the final season change for the year 2002. In celebration, consider this delightfully detailed, brightly colored image of the active Sun. From the EIT instrument onboard the space-based SOHO observatory, the tantalizing picture is a false-color composite of three images all made in extreme ultraviolet light. Each individual image highlights a different temperature regime in the upper solar atmosphere and was assigned a specific color; red at 2 million, green at 1.5 million, and blue at 1 million degrees C. The combined image shows bright active regions strewn across the solar disk, which would otherwise appear as dark groups of sunspots in visible light images, along with some magnificent plasma loops and an immense prominence at the righthand solar limb.",2002-12-21,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 30 |
+
IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula,"South of Antares, in the tail of the nebula-rich constellation Scorpius, lies emission nebula IC 4628. Nearby hot, massive stars, millions of years young, radiate the nebula with invisible ultraviolet light, stripping electrons from atoms. The electrons eventually recombine with the atoms to produce the visible nebular glow. This narrow band image adopts a typical false-color mapping of the atomic emission, showing hydrogen emission in green hues, sulfur as red and oxygen as blue. At an estimated distance of 6,000 light-years, the region shown is about 250 light-years across. The nebula is also cataloged as Gum 56 for Australian astronomer Colin Stanley Gum, but seafood-loving astronomers might know this cosmic cloud as The Prawn Nebula.",2006-10-20,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 31 |
+
Burning Tree Sprite,"This dramatic, garishly colored image was captured with a low-light level camera on 2001 June 7. It shows what appears to be a ""burning tree"" above the National Cheng Kung University campus in Tainan City, Taiwan ... but the burning tree is actually a fleeting red sprite 300 kilometers away. Red sprites are recently discovered and still poorly understood optical flashes seen dancing at altitudes of 30 to 90 kilometers above thunderstorms. Cousins to lightning bolts, red sprites occur near the edge of the atmosphere and have been glimpsed by astronauts from orbit. What ever their cause, the red sprite flashes usually last only tenths to hundredths of a second and characteristically take on shapes which researchers describe as columns, fingers, trees, or carrots.",2001-08-02,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 32 |
+
The Double Haze above Titan,"Most moons have no haze layer at all - why does Titan have two? Images from the Cassini spacecraft that slipped into orbit around Saturn last month confirm that the Solar System's most mysterious moon is surrounded not only by a thick atmosphere but also by two distinct spheres of haze. These layers are visible as purple in the above false-color ultraviolet image. Titan's opaque atmosphere is similar to Earth's atmosphere in that it is composed mostly of nitrogen. As energetic sunlight strikes high level atmospheric nitrogen and methane, trace amounts of organic compounds such as ethane and carbon dioxide appear to form. These and other complex organic molecules likely populate the detached haze layer. In December 2004, Cassini will launch the Huygens probe to land on Titan.",2004-08-10,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 33 |
+
Hubble's Jupiter and the Amazing Shrinking Great Red Spot,"Gas giant Jupiter is the solar system's largest world with about 320 times the mass of planet Earth. It's also known for a giant swirling storm system, the Great Red Spot, featured in this sharp Hubble image from April 21. Nestled between Jupiter-girdling cloud bands, the Great Red Spot itself could still easily swallow Earth, but lately it has been shrinking. The most recent Hubble observations measure the spot to be about 10,250 miles (16,500 kilometers) across. That's the smallest ever measured by Hubble and particularly dramatic when compared to 14,500 miles measured by the Voyager 1 and 2 flybys in 1979, and historic telescopic observations from the 1800s indicating a width of about 25,500 miles on its long axis. Current indications are that the rate of shrinking is increasing for the long-lived Great Red Spot.",2014-05-17,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 34 |
+
East of the Lagoon Nebula,"To the east of the Lagoon Nebula is a star field rich in diversity. On the lower left are clouds rich in dark dust that hide background stars and young star systems still forming. Dark clouds include LDN 227 on the left and IC 1275 on the right, with a bright star near its tip. On the upper right are clouds rich in hot glowing gas, including part of the emission nebula NGC 6559. On the right, between the two regions, is a nebula reflecting light from a group of massive blue stars. The NGC 6559 complex pictured above spans about 3 light years and likely has a common history with the Lagoon Nebula. The complex lies about 5000 light-years away toward the constellation of Sagittarius.",2002-05-20,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 35 |
+
SM3B: Mission to Hubble,Tomorrow's picture: Neutron Mars < | Archive | Index | Search | Calendar | Glossary | Education | About APOD | > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (USRA) NASA Technical Rep.: Jay Norris. Specific rights apply. A service of: LHEA at NASA/ GSFC & Michigan Tech. U.,2002-03-14,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 36 |
+
Earth at Night,"This is what the Earth looks like at night. Can you find your favorite country or city? Surprisingly, city lights make this task quite possible. Human-made lights highlight particularly developed or populated areas of the Earth's surface, including the seaboards of Europe, the eastern United States, and Japan. Many large cities are located near rivers or oceans so that they can exchange goods cheaply by boat. Particularly dark areas include the central parts of South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. The above image is actually a composite of hundreds of pictures made by the orbiting DMSP satellites. (Editor's note: This image has become an email-attachment phenomenon! It has also generated many print requests. Unfortunately, we do not sell prints. However, a high-resolution digital version of the image is available (click here or here).",2002-08-10,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 37 |
+
Saturn's Iapetus: Painted Moon,"What has happened to Saturn's moon Iapetus? Vast sections of this strange world are dark as coal, while others are as bright as ice. The composition of the dark material is unknown, but infrared spectra indicate that it possibly contains some dark form of carbon. Iapetus also has an unusual equatorial ridge that makes it appear like a walnut. To help better understand this seemingly painted moon, NASA directed the robotic Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn to swoop within 2,000 kilometers in 2007. Pictured above, from about 75,000 kilometers out, Cassini's trajectory allowed unprecedented imaging of the hemisphere of Iapetus that is always trailing. A huge impact crater seen in the south spans a tremendous 450 kilometers and appears superposed on an older crater of similar size. The dark material is seen increasingly coating the easternmost part of Iapetus, darkening craters and highlands alike. Close inspection indicates that the dark coating typically faces the moon's equator and is less than a meter thick. A leading hypothesis is that the dark material is mostly dirt leftover when relatively warm but dirty ice sublimates. An initial coating of dark material may have been effectively painted on by the accretion of meteor-liberated debris from other moons. This and other images from Cassini's Iapetus flyby are being studied for even greater clues. Discovery + Outreach: Graduate student research position open for APOD",2012-01-13,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 38 |
+
Trio Leo,"This popular group is famous as the Leo Triplet - a gathering of three magnificent galaxies in one field of view. Crowd pleasers when imaged with even modest telescopes, these galaxies can be introduced individually as NGC 3628 (top), M66 (bottom left), and M65 (bottom right). All three are large spiral galaxies. They tend to look dissimilar because their galactic disks are tilted at different angles to our line of sight. NGC 3628 is seen edge-on, with obscuring dust lanes cutting across the plane of the galaxy, while the disks of M66 and M65 are both inclined enough to show off their spiral structure. Gravitational interactions between galaxies in the group have also left telltale signs, including the warped and inflated disk of NGC 3628 and the drawn out spiral arms of M66. This gorgeous deep view of the region spans about one degree (two full moons) on the sky. The field covers over 500 thousand light-years at the trio's estimated distance of 30 million light-years.",2006-03-09,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 39 |
+
Io: Moon Over Jupiter,"How big is the Jovian moon Io? The most volcanic body in the Solar System, Io (usually pronounced ""EYE-oh"") is 3,600 kilometers in diameter, about the size of planet Earth's single large natural satellite. Gliding past Jupiter at the turn of the millennium, the Cassini spacecraft captured this awe inspiring view of active Io with the largest gas giant as a backdrop, offering a stunning demonstration of the ruling planet's relative size. Although in the picture Io appears to be located just in front of the swirling Jovian clouds, Io hurtles around its orbit once every 42 hours at a distance of 420,000 kilometers or so from the center of Jupiter. That puts it nearly 350,000 kilometers above Jupiter's cloud tops, roughly equivalent to the distance between Earth and Moon. The Cassini spacecraft itself was about 10 million kilometers from Jupiter when recording the image data.",2002-07-06,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 40 |
+
GLIMPSE the Milky Way,"Scroll right and gaze through the dusty plane of our Milky Way Galaxy in infrared light. The cosmic panorama is courtesy of the Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) project and the Spitzer Space Telescope. The galactic plane itself runs through the middle of the false-color view that spans nine degrees (about 18 full moons) across the southern constellation Norma. Spitzer's infrared cameras see through much of the galaxy's obscuring dust revealing many new star clusters as well as star forming regions (bright white splotches) and hot interstellar hydrogen gas (greenish wisps). The pervasive red clouds are emission from dust and organic molecules, pocked with holes and bubbles blown by energetic outflows from massive stars. Intensely dark patches are regions of dust too dense for even Spitzer's infrared vision to penetrate.",2005-12-16,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 41 |
+
A Hole Punch Cloud Over Alabama,"Tomorrow's picture: Pan the Moon < | Archive | Index | Search | Calendar | Glossary | Education | About APOD | > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (USRA) NASA Web Site Statements, Warnings, and Disclaimers NASA Official: Jay Norris. Specific rights apply. A service of: LHEA at NASA / GSFC & Michigan Tech. U.",2004-01-12,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 42 |
+
"Comet Halley's Nucleus
|
| 43 |
+
Credit:","Here is what a comet nucleus really looks
|
| 44 |
like. For all active comets except Halley,
|
| 45 |
it was only possible to see the surrounding opaque gas cloud called
|
| 46 |
the coma. During Comet Halley's
|
| 47 |
most recent pass through the inner Solar System
|
| 48 |
in 1986, however, spacecraft Giotto
|
| 49 |
was able to go right up to the comet and photograph its nucleus.
|
| 50 |
The above image is a composite of hundreds of these photographs.
|
| 51 |
Although the most famous comet, Halley
|
| 52 |
achieved in 1986 only 1/10th the brightness that Comet Hyakutake
|
| 53 |
did last year, and a similar comparison is likely with next year's
|
| 54 |
pass of Comet Hale-Bopp. Every 76
|
| 55 |
years Comet Halley comes around again,
|
| 56 |
and each time the nucleus sheds about 6 meters of ice and rock
|
| 57 |
into space. This debris composes Halley's tails
|
| 58 |
and leaves an orbiting trail that, when falling to Earth,
|
| 59 |
are called the Orionids Meteor Shower.
|
| 60 |
+
The Case of the Missing Supernova,"Would you notice a second Moon in the sky? About 700 years ago, light from a tremendous explosion reached Earth that should have appeared almost as bright as a full Moon. The bright spot should have lasted for weeks, yet no notation of such an occurrence has been found in historical records. The mystery was uncovered by Wan Chen and Neil Gehrels (NASA/GSFC) when studying the source of radioactive elements toward the Vela supernova remnant. They deduced that an explosion much younger and closer than the supernova that caused Vela must have occurred, and even computed explosion characteristics from the amounts of radioactive elements present. They calculate that GRO/RX J0852 should have dazzled medieval stargazers. Perhaps people were too busy, surviving records are too incomplete, or the explosion was somehow too dim. The above picture of GRO/RX J0852 was taken in gamma-ray light with the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory and is shown in false-color. Astronomers and historians continue to contemplate the clues.",1999-04-13,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 61 |
+
Startrails over Beijing Ancient Observatory,"You can take a subway ride to visit this observatory in Beijing, China but you won't find any telescopes there. Starting in the 1400s astronomers erected devices at the Beijing Ancient Observatory site to enable them to accurately measure and track the positions of naked-eye stars and planets. Some of the large, ornate astronomical instruments are still standing. You can even see stars from the star observation platform today, but now only the very brightest celestial beacons are visible against the city lights. In this time series of exposures from a camera fixed to a tripod to record graceful arcing startrails, the brightest trail is actually the Moon. Its broad arc is seen behind the ancient observatory's brass armillary sphere. Compare this picture from the Beijing Ancient Observatory taken in September 2023 to one taken in 1895.",2023-12-02,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 62 |
+
Saturn's Iapetus: Painted Moon,"What has happened to Saturn's moon Iapetus? Vast sections of this strange world are dark as coal, while others are as bright as ice. The composition of the dark material is unknown, but infrared spectra indicate that it possibly contains some dark form of carbon. Iapetus also has an unusual equatorial ridge that makes it appear like a walnut. To help better understand this seemingly painted moon, NASA directed the robotic Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn to swoop within 2,000 kilometers in 2007. Pictured above, from about 75,000 kilometers out, Cassini's trajectory allowed unprecedented imaging of the hemisphere of Iapetus that is always trailing. A huge impact crater seen in the south spans a tremendous 450 kilometers and appears superposed on an older crater of similar size. The dark material is seen increasingly coating the easternmost part of Iapetus, darkening craters and highlands alike. Close inspection indicates that the dark coating typically faces the moon's equator and is less than a meter thick. A leading hypothesis is that the dark material is mostly dirt leftover when relatively warm but dirty ice sublimates. An initial coating of dark material may have been effectively painted on by the accretion of meteor-liberated debris from other moons. This and other images from Cassini's Iapetus flyby are being studied for even greater clues.",2009-08-09,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 63 |
+
Dark Sand Cascades on Mars,"They might look like trees on Mars, but they're not. Groups of dark brown streaks have been photographed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on melting pinkish sand dunes covered with light frost. The above image was taken in 2008 April near the North Pole of Mars. At that time, dark sand on the interior of Martian sand dunes became more and more visible as the spring Sun melted the lighter carbon dioxide ice. When occurring near the top of a dune, dark sand may cascade down the dune leaving dark surface streaks -- streaks that might appear at first to be trees standing in front of the lighter regions, but cast no shadows. Objects about 25 centimeters across are resolved on this image spanning about one kilometer. Close ups of some parts of this image show billowing plumes indicating that the sand slides were occurring even while the image was being taken.",2015-11-29,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 64 |
+
Aurora Banks Peninsula,"This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand's South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth's south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664. AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations",2024-05-17,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 65 |
+
Cassini Spacecraft Crosses Saturn's Ring Plane,"If this is Saturn, where are the rings? When Saturn's ""appendages"" disappeared in 1612, Galileo did not understand why. Later that century, it became understood that Saturn's unusual protrusions were rings and that when the Earth crosses the ring plane, the edge-on rings will appear to disappear. This is because Saturn's rings are confined to a plane many times thinner, in proportion, than a razor blade. In modern times, the robot Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn now also crosses Saturn's ring plane. A series of plane crossing images from 2005 February was dug out of the vast online Cassini raw image archive by interested Spanish amateur Fernando Garcia Navarro. Pictured above, digitally cropped and set in representative colors, is the striking result. Saturn's thin ring plane appears in blue, bands and clouds in Saturn's upper atmosphere appear in gold. Details of Saturn's rings can be seen in the high dark shadows across the top of this image, taken back in 2005. Moons appear as bumps in the rings.",2014-02-23,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 66 |
+
M1: The Crab Nebula,"The Crab Nebula is cataloged as M1, the first object on Charles Messier's famous 18th century list of things which are not comets. In fact, the Crab is now known to be a supernova remnant, debris from the death explosion of a massive star witnessed by astronomers in the year 1054. This sharp image from the James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) and MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) explores the eerie glow and fragmented strands of the still expanding cloud of interstellar debris in infrared light. One of the most exotic objects known to modern astronomers, the Crab Pulsar, a neutron star spinning 30 times a second, is visible as a bright spot near the nebula's center. Like a cosmic dynamo, this collapsed remnant of the stellar core powers the Crab's emission across the electromagnetic spectrum. Spanning about 12 light-years, the Crab Nebula is a mere 6,500 light-years away in the head-strong constellation Taurus. Album: Moon Eclipses Venus: Selected images sent in to APOD",2023-11-09,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 67 |
+
The Dawn of the Clusters,"What did the universe look like near the beginning? This exciting photo by the Hubble Space Telescope is one of the deepest ever taken, and shows galaxies as far away as ever before photographed. The universe back then - when only one third of its present age - was a strange and violent place. Back then a large fraction of galaxies were colliding and interacting. In fact, the shapes of many galaxies in the above photo are more distorted than most nearby galaxies. At this early universe epoch many clusters of galaxies were just forming. The bright twisted group of galaxies below the photographs center contains the energetic radio galaxy 3C324.",1996-01-15,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 68 |
+
JWST: Ghosts and Mirrors,"Ghosts aren't actually hovering over the James Webb Space Telescope. But the lights are out as it stands with gold tinted mirror segments and support structures folded in Goddard Space Flight Center's Spacecraft Systems Development and Integration Facility clean room. Following vibration and acoustic testing, bright flashlights and ultraviolet lights are played over the stationary telescope looking for contamination, easier to spot in a darkened room. In the dimness the camera's long exposure creates the ghostly apparitions, blurring the moving lights and engineers. A scientific successor to Hubble, the James Webb Space Telescope is optimized for the infrared exploration of the early Universe. Its planned launch is in 2018 from French Guiana on a European Space Agency Ariane 5 rocket.",2017-03-18,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 69 |
+
Eclipse Over The Mountain,"Undaunted by world wide anticipation of the August 11 total solar eclipse, the moon also performed a lunar eclipse just two weeks earlier, on July 28. Crossing the edge of Earth's shadow the moon was only partially eclipsed - but the spectacle could be seen by observers located across the Earth's night side. For example, this photo was taken in early morning hours shortly after the mid-point of the eclipse as seen from Cody, Wyoming, USA. Still illuminating the landscape and obscured by a wisp of cloud, the moon is setting behind Sheep Mountain, west of Cody. Enjoying the celestial display, astrophotographer Mack Frost reported fairly clear skies tinged with a little smoke from area grass fires.",1999-09-02,space_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 70 |
+
433 Eros (A898 PA),NEO with diameter between 22.01 and 49.21 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 71 |
+
719 Albert (A911 TB),NEO with diameter between 2.03 and 4.53 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 72 |
+
887 Alinda (A918 AA),NEO with diameter between 4.53 and 10.14 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 73 |
+
1036 Ganymed (A924 UB),NEO with diameter between 38.78 and 86.70 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 74 |
+
1221 Amor (1932 EA1),NEO with diameter between 0.89 and 1.99 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 75 |
+
1566 Icarus (1949 MA),NEO with diameter between 1.30 and 2.91 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 76 |
+
1580 Betulia (1950 KA),NEO with diameter between 3.08 and 6.89 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 77 |
+
1620 Geographos (1951 RA),NEO with diameter between 2.35 and 5.25 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 78 |
+
1627 Ivar (1929 SH),NEO with diameter between 7.22 and 16.15 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 79 |
+
1685 Toro (1948 OA),NEO with diameter between 3.70 and 8.28 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 80 |
+
1862 Apollo (1932 HA),NEO with diameter between 1.62 and 3.61 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 81 |
+
1863 Antinous (1948 EA),NEO with diameter between 2.15 and 4.81 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 82 |
+
1864 Daedalus (1971 FA),NEO with diameter between 2.85 and 6.37 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 83 |
+
1865 Cerberus (1971 UA),NEO with diameter between 1.17 and 2.61 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 84 |
+
1866 Sisyphus (1972 XA),NEO with diameter between 8.41 and 18.79 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 85 |
+
1915 Quetzalcoatl (1953 EA),NEO with diameter between 0.56 and 1.25 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 86 |
+
1916 Boreas (1953 RA),NEO with diameter between 2.72 and 6.08 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 87 |
+
1917 Cuyo (1968 AA),NEO with diameter between 3.50 and 7.84 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 88 |
+
1943 Anteros (1973 EC),NEO with diameter between 1.93 and 4.31 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
| 89 |
+
1980 Tezcatlipoca (1950 LA),NEO with diameter between 4.56 and 10.19 km,,neo_research,NASA,2024-12-20 19:37:30.449586
|
spacetime/propulsion/source_metadata.json
ADDED
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| 1 |
+
{
|
| 2 |
+
"source": "NASAScraper",
|
| 3 |
+
"timestamp": "2024-12-20T19:37:38.446273",
|
| 4 |
+
"record_count": 70,
|
| 5 |
+
"columns": [
|
| 6 |
+
"title",
|
| 7 |
+
"description",
|
| 8 |
+
"date",
|
| 9 |
+
"data_type",
|
| 10 |
+
"source",
|
| 11 |
+
"scrape_timestamp"
|
| 12 |
+
],
|
| 13 |
+
"data_types": {
|
| 14 |
+
"title": "object",
|
| 15 |
+
"description": "object",
|
| 16 |
+
"date": "object",
|
| 17 |
+
"data_type": "object",
|
| 18 |
+
"source": "object",
|
| 19 |
+
"scrape_timestamp": "object"
|
| 20 |
+
},
|
| 21 |
+
"category": "spacetime",
|
| 22 |
+
"subcategory": "propulsion"
|
| 23 |
+
}
|