id
large_stringlengths
27
32
title
large_stringlengths
0
500
abstract
large_stringlengths
0
69k
embedding
list
https://openalex.org/W1526114719
Preequilibrium neutron emission in the reactions<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Zr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts /><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>90</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow /></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pb</mml…
The reactions $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$, $^{208}(\mathit{p}$,xn) have been measured with 80.5 MeV protons in the neutron continuum ${E}_{n}$&gt;20 MeV and the angular range 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\le}145\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Whereas the angle-integrated spectrum can be explained by semiclassical preequilibrium models, this nucleon-nucleon scattering approach fails at far backward angles. In contrast, the quantum statistical multistep calculations give good agreement. They are indicative of a decrease of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction with increasing nucleon energy.
[ 0.41015625, 0.0142822265625, 2.046875, 0.031005859375, 1.7109375, -0.435546875, -0.58984375, 0.63671875, 1.640625, -0.353515625, -0.04931640625, 0.75390625, 1.25, -1.8984375, 1.0234375, 0.373046875, -1.2109375, -1.1328125, -0.69921875, 0.2578125, -1.453125, 0.462890625, -1.1328125, 0.859375, -0.06201171875, 1.5234375, -0.64453125, -0.400390625, 0.71484375, 1.5, -0.74609375, 0.8984375, -2.390625, -0.8515625, -0.64453125, -0.158203125, 1.7421875, 0.30078125, 0.171875, -0.52734375, 0.08837890625, -1.9453125, 0.341796875, -0.7421875, 2.265625, 0.68359375, -0.53515625, 0.10302734375, -1.21875, -0.98046875, 0.037109375, 0.79296875, 1, -0.58984375, -0.91015625, 0.6484375, -0.515625, -0.734375, 0.498046875, -0.486328125, -2.453125, -0.6328125, 1.4296875, 1.3671875, -0.000024199485778808594, -1.0859375, 0.32421875, -0.4921875, 0.027099609375, 0.11279296875, 0.62890625, -0.83984375, -0.21875, 0.32421875, -0.05615234375, -0.5078125, -0.404296875, 1.375, 0.314453125, -0.5, 0.58984375, 0.328125, 0.1337890625, 0.70703125, -0.3046875, 0.8671875, 1.0390625, 0.859375, 0.50390625, 0.051513671875, -0.36328125, -0.1669921875, -0.216796875, -1.03125, 0.291015625, -0.59375, -0.057861328125, 0.671875, -0.181640625, 0.890625, -0.515625, -0.77734375, -0.330078125, -0.828125, 0.255859375, 0.0026702880859375, -1.4375, -0.16015625, 0.58984375, 0.90625, -0.326171875, 1.0703125, 1.2265625, -0.6328125, 0.1953125, 0.052734375, 0.8203125, 0.1943359375, 0.63671875, -0.3515625, 0.12158203125, -0.93359375, -0.125, 0.36328125, 0.65234375, 0.67578125, -0.0751953125, 0.12109375, -0.068359375, -1.4140625, 0.26171875, 0.1640625, -0.353515625, -0.1484375, 0.70703125, 0.2890625, 1.3046875, 1.203125, 0.16796875, 0.1318359375, 0.115234375, 1.7578125, -0.6015625, -0.7734375, -0.70703125, -0.0361328125, 0.80078125, -0.0272216796875, 0.64453125, 1.359375, -0.75, -1.421875, -0.81640625, 0.78125, 0.2490234375, -0.7265625, -1.7109375, 1.78125, 0.039306640625, -0.984375, -0.34765625, -0.84375, 1.4921875, 0.765625, -0.08447265625, -0.384765625, 0.7109375, 0.73046875, 0.404296875, -0.640625, -0.8203125, -0.052490234375, -1.3203125, -0.56640625, 0.60546875, -1.8359375, -0.48046875, -0.341796875, -0.3984375, -0.224609375, 0.80078125, 1.9609375, -0.439453125, -0.052734375, 0.74609375, 1.6328125, -0.1064453125, 0.1064453125, -0.11328125, 1.2890625, -0.33203125, -1.4453125, -1.9765625, 1.6171875, 0.111328125, -0.302734375, 0.57421875, 0.283203125, -0.2353515625, -0.984375, -2.40625, 1.59375, 0.007659912109375, 0.73828125, 0.83984375, -0.56640625, 0.138671875, 1.71875, 0.140625, 0.63671875, -0.72265625, -1.4921875, 1.0234375, -0.546875, -1.2890625, -0.703125, -0.48046875, 0.953125, 1.3515625, -1.71875, 1.6953125, 0.82421875, 0.890625, -0.177734375, 0.82421875, -2.046875, -0.408203125, 0.51953125, -0.50390625, 1.546875, 0.28125, -0.2421875, 0.228515625, -0.45703125, -1.3046875, 1.375, 0.2216796875, -0.41796875, 1.4375, 0.94921875, 0.37890625, 0.3359375, 0.1484375, 0.76953125, 1.1171875, -1.390625, 0.51953125, 0.1396484375, -1.265625, 0.01953125, 0.703125, -1.21875, -1.640625, -0.3359375, -0.57421875, -0.41796875, -0.99609375, 0.94921875, 1.0703125, -0.384765625, 0.52734375, 0.314453125, 0.11474609375, 0.11083984375, -1.1328125, -0.99609375, -0.7734375, -0.9609375, -0.6171875, -0.39453125, 0.859375, -1.671875, -0.5703125, -0.1298828125, 0.6484375, 0.310546875, -0.443359375, -0.34765625, -0.7578125, -0.72265625, -0.9609375, -0.08056640625, 0.45703125, -0.71875, 1.171875, 0.4375, 0.1396484375, 1.796875, -0.416015625, -0.546875, 0.34375, 0.15625, -0.047119140625, -1.5625, 0.349609375, -0.53125, 0.2373046875, 2.328125, 1.2421875, 0.85546875, 0.154296875, 0.875, 0.041259765625, 0.171875, 0.6953125, -1.9765625, -0.91796875, -0.2333984375, 1.4453125, 0.8046875, 0.322265625, 0.1513671875, -0.86328125, -0.416015625, 0.263671875, -1.078125, 0.2021484375, -1.5546875, 1.7734375, -0.46875, -0.8515625, 0.158203125, -1.9609375, 0.9609375, 0.291015625, -0.10107421875, -0.1181640625, -1.296875, -0.349609375, -1, -0.88671875, -1.390625, -0.51171875, -0.48046875, 0.357421875, 0.75, -0.80859375, -2, 1.015625, 0.055419921875, -0.002227783203125, -1.2890625, -0.97265625, -0.65625, 0.2294921875, -0.005279541015625, 0.9375, -0.69140625, -0.404296875, -1.3046875, -0.79296875, -1.5, 1.7734375, 0.19921875, -0.1953125, -0.322265625, 0.490234375, -0.6328125, -0.75, -1.234375, -0.76171875, -0.173828125, -0.3984375, 0.625, 0.7265625, 0.1552734375, 0.68359375, -0.8828125, 1.1015625, -0.80078125, 0.330078125, -0.890625, -0.87109375, -0.1357421875, 0.50390625, 0.578125, -2.03125, -2.671875, -0.88671875, 1.625, 0.29296875, 0.9140625, -0.57421875, -0.259765625, 0.326171875, -0.2216796875, -1.921875, 0.408203125, -1.4453125, 1.234375, 0.322265625, 1.5859375, -0.6953125, 0.1796875, 0.021484375, 0.2060546875, 0.8125, 0.42578125, -2.015625, -1.4609375, 0.72265625, 0.8359375, 1.421875, -1.796875, -0.40625, 0.439453125, -0.326171875, 0.078125, -0.359375, -0.255859375, 0.33984375, 0.259765625, -1.453125, 0.984375, 0.043212890625, -1.5625, 1.40625, -0.50390625, -0.228515625, -0.7109375, 1.71875, 0.7890625, 0.0517578125, 0.419921875, -0.498046875, -0.28125, 1.34375, 0.5, -0.20703125, 0.25390625, -0.80078125, 0.173828125, -0.007354736328125, -0.44140625, 0.61328125, -0.447265625, 0.90234375, 0.494140625, -1.2265625, -0.9609375, -1.21875, 0.0126953125, 0.9296875, -1.5703125, 2.84375, 0.890625, 0.83984375, 0.041259765625, 0.4921875, 0.9765625, -1, 0.55859375, -1.6328125, -1.1796875, 0.423828125, 1.1015625, -0.0081787109375, -0.5703125, -1.390625, 0.67578125, 0.3984375, 0.40625, 0.0002155303955078125, 1.109375, -0.373046875, -1.28125, -1.0859375, 1.0078125, -1.0625, 0.62890625, 0.1845703125, 0.1923828125, 0.65234375, -0.123046875, -0.69921875, -0.71484375, -0.447265625, -0.16015625, 0.1396484375, -0.06494140625, 1.09375, 1.3984375, -0.828125, 1.078125, -0.81640625, -0.11962890625, -0.81640625, 0.42578125, -0.26171875, 0.419921875, -0.2265625, -0.083984375, -0.486328125, 1.4609375, 0.1572265625, -0.1240234375, -0.5625, 0.71484375, 0.23046875, 1.2578125, -1.328125, -1.546875, -2.203125, 0.310546875, -0.376953125, 0.7265625, -0.61328125, -0.40625, -1.4921875, 0.044677734375, -0.89453125, 3.046875, -0.8203125, -0.5234375, -0.267578125, 0.9296875, 1.3046875, 1.1796875, -0.06103515625, -1.2421875, 0.259765625, -0.94140625, 0.8203125, -0.79296875, -0.466796875, -0.46484375, 0.11279296875, 0.5625, -1.03125, -0.416015625, -1.0625, -0.271484375, -0.00732421875, 0.044677734375, 0.23828125, 0.302734375, 0.07763671875, 0.53125, -0.1845703125, -1.1640625, -2.75, -0.2373046875, -0.90625, -2.359375, 1.40625, -0.625, -0.1728515625, 1.96875, 0.93359375, 2.0625, -1.1640625, 0.291015625, -2.171875, -1.0078125, -0.60546875, 0.875, 1.7890625, -0.4765625, 1.328125, -1.265625, 0.482421875, -1.6484375, -0.6484375, 1.9375, 0.61328125, -0.5234375, 0.25390625, -0.9609375, 1.609375, 0.1142578125, -0.22265625, 1.15625, -0.95703125, 0.05908203125, 0.36328125, 0.216796875, -0.21875, -1.2421875, -0.00421142578125, -0.1875, 0.80859375, -2.5625, -0.1201171875, 0.82421875, -0.142578125, -0.01312255859375, 2.40625, -0.2099609375, 0.765625, 0.2314453125, -0.287109375, 0.408203125, 0.64453125, 0.6015625, -0.51171875, 0.54296875, 0.1875, 0.890625, 0.52734375, 0.1533203125, -0.2060546875, 0.263671875, 0.56640625, 0.08203125, 1.1796875, 1.546875, 0.44921875, -0.2099609375, -0.515625, -0.0302734375, -0.71875, 0.376953125, -1.1796875, -0.53515625, -0.193359375, 0.1884765625, 1.0390625, -0.44921875, -0.1015625, 0.035400390625, 0.21484375, 0.4296875, 0.515625, 0.76171875, 0.24609375, -0.453125, -0.060791015625, -0.890625, 0.2890625, 1.09375, -2.3125, 0.427734375, 0.50390625, -1.421875, -0.98046875, -1.328125, -0.96875, 1.59375, 0.1337890625, 1.96875, 1.3515625, 1.3203125, 0.3828125, -0.4375, -0.66796875, 0.10546875, -1.328125, 0.375, 0.28515625, 2.546875, 0.3515625, 0.22265625, 0.515625, 0.6640625, -0.034423828125, 1.4921875, -1.5390625, 0.2080078125, -0.5390625, -0.4140625, 1.140625, -0.369140625, 0.1357421875, -1.5234375, 0.451171875, 1.421875, -0.1875, 0.2109375, -0.014404296875, -1.15625, -0.79296875, -0.2578125, 1.5703125, -0.009033203125, 0.09716796875, -0.369140625, -1.5390625, 0.42578125, -0.451171875, 0.83984375, -0.341796875, 0.400390625, 0.90625, -0.423828125, 0.79296875, -0.2578125, -0.86328125, -0.400390625, -0.1953125, 0.46484375, 1.2109375, 1.109375, 1.6328125, 0.53515625, 0.59375, -0.1748046875, 0.671875, -1.078125, -0.345703125, -0.5625, 1.125, -0.66015625, -0.0198974609375, -0.44140625, 0.0047607421875, 0.007720947265625, -0.73828125, -0.296875, -0.96875, 1.4375, -1.1875, -0.2109375, -1.0390625, -0.94921875, 0.5703125, 0.8828125, -0.150390625, 0.2890625, -1.0625, 0.1787109375, -0.203125, -0.4296875, 1.484375, -0.6796875, 0.93359375, -0.197265625, 0.208984375, 0.36328125, 0.017822265625, 0.7109375, 1.0234375, -0.34375, 0.578125, -1.2265625, 0.1748046875, 0.85546875, -0.40234375, -0.58203125, -0.52734375, 0.97265625, -0.45703125, 1.5078125, -0.375, 0.54296875, 0.439453125, 1.34375, -0.61328125, -2.140625, 0.73046875, -0.08251953125, 0.484375, 0.298828125, -1.1796875, 1.2265625, 1.3828125, -1.0546875, -0.1669921875, -0.85546875, -1.3125, -2.375, 1.8984375, 0.0189208984375, -0.004608154296875, -0.546875, 1.390625, 0.03076171875, 0.115234375, -0.373046875, -0.3984375, -0.451171875, -0.9921875, -0.439453125, 0.486328125, 0.130859375, 0.353515625, 0.32421875, -0.5546875, -0.035400390625, -0.6328125, 0.52734375, -1.3828125, 0.30078125, -0.439453125, 0.50390625, -1.609375, 0.018310546875, -0.35546875, -0.38671875, -0.240234375, 0.4765625, -0.8203125, -0.07568359375, 0.50390625, -0.478515625, -0.18359375, -2.703125, 1.203125, -0.51171875, -0.484375, -0.61328125, 0.62109375, 1.2109375, 0.578125, 0.11083984375, -1.5546875, 0.08203125, 0.91015625, 0.058837890625, 0.119140625, 0.515625, 1.203125, -1.3671875, 1.53125, 0.83984375, -0.64453125, 0.06982421875, 0.07666015625, 0.37109375, 0.66015625, 1.46875, -1.8203125, 0.61328125, 0.3984375, 1.21875, 0.263671875, 0.65625, 0.02978515625, -0.14453125, 0.46875, 1.1171875, -2.03125, -0.33984375, -1.3984375, 0.0966796875, 0.97265625, 0.48046875, -0.515625, 0.16796875, -0.390625, 1.1875, 0.1376953125, 0.462890625, 1.46875, 0.89453125, -1.25, -1.46875, -0.921875, -0.4375, -0.462890625, 0.109375, 0.48828125, 0.5078125, 0.123046875, -0.107421875, 0.38671875, 0.51171875, 0.39453125, 0.8203125, 2.46875, -1.4140625, 1.84375, -0.291015625, 1.09375, 1.5625, -0.06787109375, -0.341796875, -0.625, -0.71875, -0.3359375, 0.51953125, -1.0078125, -0.97265625, -0.65625, 1.359375, 1.390625, -2.375, -0.08203125, -0.76953125, 0.28125, 2.171875, -1.921875, 0.5390625, -1.484375, -0.98046875, 0.484375, -0.8125, -0.5625, -1.09375, 0.333984375, -0.99609375, 0.65625, -0.37890625, -1.1484375, -0.345703125, -0.77734375, 2.03125, -0.28515625, -0.1650390625, 0.318359375, 2.03125, 0.126953125, -0.404296875, -0.490234375, 1.3515625, 0.64453125, -0.2314453125, -2.515625, -0.162109375, 2.546875, -0.0103759765625, -2.53125, -1.0390625, 0.26953125, 0.416015625, 1.0546875, 0.053955078125, 1.046875, -0.04736328125, -0.388671875, -0.89453125, -0.640625, 0.458984375, -0.73046875, -0.10009765625, -0.91015625, -0.62109375, 0.1376953125, -0.41015625, 0.5, -1.5234375, -0.6640625, 0.259765625, -0.1337890625, 0.049560546875, -1.25, -1.2578125, 2.15625, 0.0108642578125, 1.453125, -0.1865234375, -0.26953125, 0.279296875, 0.2109375, 0.1083984375, -0.34375, 0.365234375, -1.2109375, -0.8984375, -0.94140625, -0.333984375, -1.359375, 0.53125, 0.404296875, -0.474609375, 0.0869140625, 0.306640625, -0.212890625, 0.73046875, 0.328125, -2.25, -0.083984375, -0.341796875, -0.384765625, 0.294921875, 0.5859375, -0.2890625, 0.24609375, 1.125, -0.98046875, 0.89453125, 0.80078125, 0.7421875, -1.171875, 0.15234375, -0.138671875, 1.203125, -0.45703125, 1.3359375, 0.419921875, 1.28125, 2.046875, 1.03125, -0.1015625, 0.455078125, 1.3828125, 1.9140625, 1.234375, 0.173828125, 0.765625, 0.5078125, 0.26171875, -0.07958984375, -0.68359375, -0.482421875, -0.404296875, 0.31640625, -0.1669921875, -1.2890625, -0.77734375, -1.3671875, -0.625, 0.1962890625, 1.09375, 1.125, 1.2265625, 0.34765625, 1.2421875, 0.51171875, -0.5703125, -0.96484375, -1.3125, 1.15625, 0.337890625, -1.6171875, 0.12255859375, 0.8359375, 1.390625, 1.0625, -0.76171875, 1.7890625, 0.365234375, -0.37890625, -0.314453125, 0.73046875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1526355836
Location and Encapsidation of the Coat Protein Cistron of Tobacco Mosaic Virus
The coat protein cistron of tobacco mosaic virus has been located on the viral RNA starting between 975 and 1050 nucleotides from the 3'-hydroxyl end. This locates its 5' end close to the origin for virus assembly, where the first protein disk interacts with RNA. It also means that the coat protein mRNA must have a short 5'-untranslated tail and a long (over 500 nucleotides) 3' one. The recovery of characteristic oligonucleotides in nuclease-protected rods during the growth from RNA and a protein disk preparation shows that elongation of the nucleated rods proceeds independently in both directions though, on average, much more rapidly along the longer 5' tail than the shorter 3' tail. Protected RNA of length equal to that in the complete virion is first seen within 6 min, showing that the most rapidly elongated particles are substantially complete by this time.
[ -0.71875, 0.2578125, 1.765625, 0.060546875, 1.046875, -0.083984375, 0.53515625, -0.068359375, 0.90234375, -1.8203125, -0.1865234375, 0.8671875, 1.140625, 0.671875, 0.388671875, 0.0269775390625, 0.375, 0.1572265625, -1.1015625, -0.328125, -0.03515625, 0.050537109375, -1.5703125, 1.1015625, 0.427734375, 1.0546875, -0.1513671875, -0.427734375, 1.21875, 0.62890625, 2.265625, 0.032470703125, -1.5625, -1.984375, -0.52734375, 0.314453125, 1.0859375, -0.2216796875, 0.057373046875, -1.3125, 0.04150390625, -0.07568359375, 1.4375, -1.2578125, -0.91015625, -0.1181640625, -2.34375, 0.024658203125, 0.1611328125, -0.337890625, -0.61328125, 0.462890625, 0.5, -0.8359375, -1.2265625, 0.1015625, -1.1171875, -0.0634765625, 0.65234375, 0.427734375, -1.1640625, 0.91015625, 0.010498046875, -0.37109375, -0.13671875, 2.125, -0.2490234375, -1.3984375, 0.267578125, -0.8125, 1.3203125, -0.64453125, -0.49609375, 0.9609375, -1.484375, -0.326171875, 0.4921875, 0.8984375, -0.3203125, 0.11767578125, -1.78125, -1.0625, -0.2255859375, 0.486328125, -1.3515625, 0.58984375, 0.12353515625, 2.5, 0.921875, 0.1474609375, -1.3046875, 0.177734375, -0.2890625, 1.0859375, -0.408203125, 0.828125, 0.0634765625, 0.6953125, -0.890625, 1.5625, -1.8984375, -0.46875, 0.9375, -0.6484375, 0.578125, 0.482421875, -1.4375, -0.1650390625, 0.306640625, -0.67578125, 0.1826171875, 0.2138671875, 0.462890625, 1.2265625, 0.3125, 0.4140625, -1.171875, 1.5546875, 1.1484375, -1.3125, 0.353515625, -0.83984375, 0.455078125, -0.69140625, 1.703125, 1.5859375, -0.45703125, -1.109375, 1.6171875, -0.828125, 0.265625, 0.031982421875, 0.69921875, -0.251953125, 1.1328125, -0.03857421875, -0.8984375, 1.8515625, 0.81640625, 0.55859375, -0.087890625, 0.93359375, -0.5390625, -1.4609375, -0.212890625, 0.48046875, -0.19140625, -0.275390625, 0.1279296875, 1.28125, -0.494140625, -1.296875, 0.515625, 1.671875, -0.033447265625, 1.2890625, -2.015625, 0.90625, -0.0693359375, 0.38671875, -0.435546875, -1.46875, -0.1923828125, 0.515625, -0.08837890625, -0.357421875, -1.1171875, 1.28125, 0.365234375, -0.4765625, -1.6171875, -0.7578125, 0.470703125, 0.890625, 1.0859375, -1.125, -0.4765625, 1.484375, -0.60546875, -0.71484375, 0.38671875, 1.9140625, -0.3515625, 0.83203125, 0.8828125, 2.71875, -1.171875, -0.765625, 0.72265625, 0.8671875, 1.0390625, -1.4765625, -1.9375, 1.2421875, -0.12353515625, -0.392578125, 0.349609375, 1.1640625, -0.703125, -0.00946044921875, -1, -0.2001953125, 0.44921875, -1.375, 1.1953125, 0.06591796875, 0.48828125, -0.267578125, 0.006317138671875, 0.98828125, -0.6796875, -1.2734375, 0.400390625, 0.69140625, -1.296875, -0.7734375, -0.61328125, 1.6484375, -1.0859375, -0.380859375, 0.416015625, 1.6484375, -0.9921875, -1.140625, -1.7578125, -1.6328125, 0.33984375, 0.5078125, -1.703125, 1.5390625, 0.5390625, -0.58203125, -0.68359375, -0.306640625, -0.1806640625, 0.79296875, 0.1376953125, 0.85546875, 1.1015625, -0.016357421875, -0.353515625, 0.369140625, -0.625, 1.0234375, 0.416015625, -1.1328125, 0.341796875, 0.0947265625, 0.0159912109375, 0.578125, 0.435546875, 0.5390625, 0.5234375, -0.23046875, 0.2314453125, -0.58984375, 0.15234375, -0.71484375, -0.9609375, -0.87109375, -0.478515625, 0.10693359375, -0.333984375, -0.318359375, 1.1328125, -0.275390625, -0.036376953125, -0.271484375, -0.73828125, -1.2734375, -0.2890625, 0.60546875, 0.66796875, -1.109375, 0.9609375, 0.322265625, -0.259765625, -0.703125, -0.2890625, -0.4375, -1.265625, -0.005523681640625, -0.578125, -0.66796875, 1.046875, 0.1533203125, 0.7890625, 2.21875, -0.4453125, -0.0498046875, -1.0703125, -1.1328125, -2.34375, 0.69921875, 0.6484375, -0.6484375, -0.70703125, 0.78515625, 1.2265625, 0.0888671875, 2.25, -0.609375, 0.220703125, -0.67578125, 1.71875, -1.4609375, 0.71484375, -0.9453125, 0.2275390625, 2.234375, -0.2392578125, 0.65234375, -1.515625, 1.09375, 0.984375, -0.1513671875, -0.107421875, -2, 0.65234375, 1, -0.7734375, 0.7265625, -1.1796875, 1.875, -0.62109375, -0.93359375, -0.1328125, 0.69921875, 0.1943359375, 1.078125, -0.482421875, -1.390625, 0.9609375, -0.765625, 0.62890625, 0.97265625, -1.078125, -2.234375, 0.71484375, -0.8828125, 0.384765625, -0.034912109375, 0.984375, -2.5625, 1.125, -1.2265625, -0.408203125, -0.306640625, -0.6015625, -0.60546875, 0.19921875, 0.53515625, 0.515625, -0.1806640625, -0.255859375, 0.90234375, 0.73828125, -1.5546875, -1.40625, -1.0859375, 0.046875, -0.91796875, -1.359375, 0.287109375, 0.01129150390625, -1.4765625, 0.640625, -0.490234375, -0.6171875, -1.140625, 0.7265625, -0.326171875, -0.8515625, 0.2470703125, 0.81640625, 2.234375, -1.109375, -1.796875, -0.3046875, 0.34375, -0.58984375, -1.359375, -1.7265625, 1.453125, 0.8515625, 0.17578125, 0.27734375, 0.154296875, -0.5, 1.375, -0.3046875, -0.44140625, -2.203125, 0.7109375, 0.9609375, 0.88671875, 0.66015625, 0.63671875, -0.78515625, -1.40625, -0.0311279296875, 1.140625, 0.98046875, -0.1884765625, -0.61328125, 0.1533203125, -1.1328125, -0.59375, 1.09375, -0.0615234375, -0.64453125, 1.2265625, 0.10986328125, 0.0245361328125, -0.484375, 1.0234375, 0.9609375, -1.2109375, 0.640625, 1.7890625, 1.8359375, -1.125, -0.79296875, -0.82421875, -0.73828125, 0.458984375, -0.04443359375, 1.9453125, -1.046875, -0.232421875, 0.158203125, 0.310546875, 1.0703125, -2.484375, -0.50390625, -0.380859375, 0.75390625, 0.0308837890625, -1.203125, 0.302734375, 0.33984375, -0.68359375, -0.1650390625, 0.578125, 1.109375, 0.9453125, 0.34375, -0.296875, 2.109375, 2.109375, 0.671875, -1.734375, -1.796875, -0.365234375, -0.55859375, 0.314453125, -0.478515625, -0.0673828125, 0.25, -1.046875, -0.65234375, -0.546875, -1.2890625, -0.80859375, 1.1953125, 0.3046875, 0.53125, 1.6796875, -0.2138671875, 0.87890625, 1.4921875, 1.4140625, 0.24609375, 0.46484375, 0.32421875, 0.9453125, -0.271484375, 0.302734375, 0.73046875, 1.15625, 0.53515625, 0.1435546875, -1.4375, 1.96875, 1.234375, -0.44921875, -1.8984375, -0.369140625, -2.015625, 1.015625, 0.55078125, 0.6328125, 0.75390625, 0.11572265625, 0.21484375, 1.15625, -1.421875, -0.224609375, -1.5234375, -0.2177734375, 0.51953125, -2.015625, -1.421875, 0.55859375, -0.033447265625, -0.94140625, 0.048095703125, 2.203125, -0.765625, 1.8359375, -0.302734375, 0.375, -1.15625, 0.1015625, -0.796875, 1.4375, 0.63671875, 0.8828125, 1.0703125, -0.224609375, 0.6796875, 0.205078125, -0.173828125, -0.09814453125, 0.71875, 0.69140625, -0.1064453125, 1.0078125, -0.380859375, -0.1533203125, -0.9921875, -0.1513671875, 1.21875, 1.3515625, 0.2353515625, 1.4609375, -0.76171875, 1.3828125, -0.8125, -1.203125, -1.34375, 0.6875, 0.1669921875, -0.19140625, 0.2578125, 0.80078125, -0.353515625, 1.5078125, -0.2578125, -0.314453125, -1.21875, 0.68359375, -1.375, -0.408203125, -0.6328125, 1.046875, -0.29296875, -1.109375, -0.287109375, -0.482421875, -1.2421875, -1.203125, -0.349609375, 2.484375, -0.412109375, -0.053466796875, -0.423828125, 0.35546875, 0.796875, 1.0078125, -0.271484375, -0.6015625, 0.95703125, 1.1328125, 1.6796875, 0.8359375, -0.68359375, -1.640625, -0.80859375, 0.6953125, -0.498046875, 0.78125, 0.310546875, 1.15625, 0.00775146484375, 0.94140625, 0.75390625, 0.408203125, 0.52734375, -0.66015625, 0.2041015625, 0.0703125, 1.6640625, 1.140625, -1.0625, 0.9375, -0.37109375, 0.796875, 0.9609375, -0.053955078125, -0.185546875, 0.33203125, 0.1396484375, 0.330078125, 1.3125, 0.04150390625, -0.0419921875, 0.11474609375, -0.265625, 0.2421875, -1.1484375, 0.96484375, -0.390625, -0.047119140625, -0.050537109375, -0.2041015625, 1.5625, -2.71875, -0.62109375, -0.16796875, -0.9375, -0.06396484375, 0.30859375, 1.46875, 0.859375, 0.052490234375, 0.45703125, -1.0625, 0.09375, 1.3046875, -0.8203125, 0.6015625, -0.67578125, -0.54296875, -0.79296875, 0.07373046875, -0.64453125, 0.76953125, 1.609375, -0.28515625, 2.546875, 0.53515625, 2.140625, -0.7265625, -0.73828125, 0.87890625, -1.1796875, -1.3828125, 0.4453125, 1.5546875, 0.69140625, 0.68359375, -1.375, -0.1708984375, -0.07666015625, 0.10888671875, -1.7890625, 0.73046875, -0.73046875, -1.0078125, -1.84375, 0.10498046875, -0.9375, 0.64453125, -0.5390625, 1.25, -0.27734375, -0.671875, -1.015625, -0.98046875, -0.765625, -0.30859375, -1.015625, 0.78125, -0.59765625, 1.5234375, -0.54296875, 1.640625, -1.2734375, -0.455078125, 0.047607421875, -0.05908203125, -0.4453125, -0.019775390625, -0.1796875, -1.609375, -1.828125, 0.244140625, 0.1162109375, 0.7578125, 0.546875, -0.27734375, 0.390625, 2.265625, -0.21484375, -0.66015625, 1.578125, 1.25, 2.40625, -1.1640625, -0.98046875, -0.97265625, -0.380859375, 0.9921875, -0.3984375, 0.47265625, 2.0625, 1.203125, -0.205078125, -0.24609375, -0.7421875, -0.5859375, -0.43359375, 0.1669921875, 1.1796875, 0.9375, 0.8125, 0.6796875, -1.2109375, 0.478515625, 0.130859375, -2.078125, 0.2138671875, -1.5234375, -1.234375, -0.291015625, -0.33203125, -0.0262451171875, -0.98828125, 1.265625, 0.6171875, -0.216796875, 1.609375, -1.078125, 0.66015625, 0.37109375, 0.27734375, 0.326171875, 1.625, 1.1015625, 0.1025390625, 0.94921875, 1.265625, -0.3515625, 0.0478515625, -0.91796875, 0.6328125, -1.203125, -0.8671875, -1.78125, 1.1953125, 1.515625, -0.71484375, 0.94140625, 0.375, -0.76171875, -0.56640625, -2.5625, 1.0078125, -0.640625, 0.193359375, -0.51953125, 0.357421875, -1.40625, 1.3828125, -1.0234375, -1.03125, -0.8515625, 1.078125, 0.8125, 0.431640625, -0.6015625, 0.076171875, 0.5, -0.75, 0.8984375, 0.443359375, -1.328125, 1.6796875, -1.3046875, -0.8046875, -0.455078125, -0.79296875, -0.90234375, -1.625, 0.478515625, 0.76953125, -0.9375, -1.25, -0.1923828125, -0.138671875, -0.482421875, 0.431640625, -0.77734375, 0.0634765625, -0.8359375, 0.08251953125, 1.0234375, 0.00095367431640625, -0.29296875, 1.4453125, 0.224609375, 0.61328125, -0.48046875, 0.58203125, 0.49609375, -0.05810546875, -1.0625, -1.7578125, -0.6796875, 1.703125, -1.9375, 1.203125, 0.56640625, -2.34375, 1.046875, 1.625, 0.59375, -0.435546875, 0.2412109375, 0.1318359375, 0.99609375, -0.6171875, 0.435546875, -1.0546875, 0.314453125, -0.423828125, -0.6015625, -1.78125, 1.6875, -1.984375, -0.81640625, -2.140625, 0.67578125, -0.8203125, -1.25, -0.1748046875, -0.51171875, 0.515625, 1.484375, 0.8125, 0.97265625, 0.83203125, 0.23046875, -1.6328125, 0.9453125, -0.125, 0.423828125, -1.1796875, 0.06298828125, 0.83203125, -0.55078125, 1.0703125, -1.75, -0.5234375, 0.1748046875, 0.4375, -0.40625, 0.2236328125, -0.640625, 0.13671875, 0.8515625, 1.171875, 1.8359375, -0.1435546875, -1.015625, -0.71875, -0.53125, 0.142578125, 0.83984375, -0.4453125, 0.79296875, 0.314453125, 0.58984375, -0.24609375, 0.3515625, -1.15625, -0.494140625, -1.0078125, 1.78125, 0.69921875, -0.177734375, -1.6328125, 1.9453125, 1.6640625, -0.8828125, -0.040771484375, -0.07275390625, -0.65625, 1.28125, 0.515625, 0.01080322265625, -1.0546875, -1.0234375, 1.046875, 1.4609375, 0.78515625, 0.9140625, -0.82421875, 1.109375, 0.671875, 0.53125, 0.75, 1.0234375, 0.11279296875, -1.2734375, -0.251953125, 0.98046875, 1.7109375, 0.75, -0.361328125, 0.3828125, 1.8515625, 0.46484375, 0.8359375, -0.6171875, -1.140625, 1.15625, 0.7265625, 0.064453125, -1.3984375, -0.1923828125, -0.33203125, 1.21875, -1.015625, 1.15625, -1.5390625, 0.66015625, 0.1337890625, 0.2470703125, -1.59375, -0.296875, 0.2197265625, -1.0625, -1.828125, -1.9609375, 0.13671875, -0.0184326171875, 1.3828125, 0.1337890625, -0.00634765625, 0.330078125, 0.9609375, 0.296875, -0.12353515625, 0.73828125, -0.921875, 0.19140625, 1.09375, -0.9453125, -1.3125, 0.79296875, -0.1181640625, -1.1015625, 1.1328125, 0.9453125, 1.6640625, 0.7578125, 0.52734375, 0.107421875, 1.109375, -0.11767578125, -2.375, 1.453125, -0.2197265625, -1.3828125, 0.333984375, 0.365234375, -0.84765625, -0.2578125, -0.828125, 0.24609375, 0.0986328125, -1.375, -0.3359375, 2.328125, 0.287109375, 0.4296875, 0.189453125, -0.1455078125, -0.029541015625, 0.890625, -0.51953125, 0.042724609375, 0.45703125, -0.042236328125, -0.1572265625, -0.11181640625, 1.234375, 0.44140625, -0.375, -0.50390625, 0.5859375, 0.984375, 0.294921875, -1.3359375, -0.78515625, -0.54296875, 0.609375, 0.29296875, -0.515625, -0.94921875, 1.5703125, 0.5390625, 1.3828125, -0.265625, 0.65625, -1.15625, 0.94921875, 1.4921875, -2.9375, 0.42578125, -0.859375, -1.5078125, 0.9296875, 1.0625, 0.5078125, 0.80859375, -0.875, 1.109375, -0.97265625, -1.265625, 0.96875, 2.15625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1526478330
Sources of intravascular ATP during exercise in humans: critical role for skeletal muscle perfusion
New Findings What is the central question of this study? Plasma ATP increases during exercise in humans, but whether ATP originates predominantly from extravascular (nerves and muscle) or intravascular sources (blood and endothelial cells) is unclear. What is the main finding and its importance? The collective observations indicate that neither sympathetic nerves nor active skeletal muscle are likely to be the origin of intravascular ATP during dynamic muscle contractions in humans. Furthermore, elevations in skeletal muscle perfusion are requisite to increase and maintain high plasma ATP during exercise, suggesting ATP release from an intravascular cell source. Exercise hyperaemia is regulated by several factors, and one factor known to increase with exercise that evokes a powerful vasomotor action is extracellular ATP. The origin of ATP detected in plasma from exercising muscle of humans is, however, a matter of debate, and ATP has been suggested to arise from sympathetic nerves, blood sources (e.g. erythrocytes), endothelial cells and skeletal myocytes, among others. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that acute augmentation of sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA) results in elevated plasma ATP draining skeletal muscle, and that SNA superimposition during exercise increases ATP more than exercise alone. We showed that increased SNA via –40 mmHg lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at rest did not increase plasma ATP (51 ± 8 nmol l −1 at rest versus 58 ± 7 nmol l −1 with LBNP), nor did it increase [ATP] above levels observed during rhythmic hand‐grip exercise (79 ± 11 nmol l −1 with exercise alone versus 71 ± 8 nmol l −1 with LBNP). Next, we tested the hypothesis that active perfusion of skeletal muscle is essential to observe increased plasma ATP during exercise. We showed that complete obstruction of blood flow to contracting muscle abolished exercise‐mediated increases in plasma ATP (from 90 ± 19 to 49 ± 12 nmol l −1 ), and that cessation of blood flow prior to exercise completely inhibited the typical rise in ATP (3 versus 61%, obstructed versus intact perfusion). The lack of change in ATP during occlusion occurred in the face of continued muscular work and elevated SNA, indicating that the rise of intravascular ATP did not result from these extravascular sources. Our collective observations indicated that the elevation in extracellular ATP observed in blood during exercise was unlikely to originate from sympathetic nerves or the contacting muscle itself, but rather was dependent on intact skeletal muscle perfusion. We conclude that an intravascular source for ATP is essential, which indicates an important role for blood sources (e.g. red blood cells) in augmenting and maintaining elevated plasma ATP during exercise.
[ -0.9765625, -1.15625, 0.92578125, 0.09375, -0.11328125, -0.31640625, -0.5859375, 1.46875, 0.0091552734375, 0.61328125, -0.26171875, 1.1875, 0.9921875, -1.0625, 0.5, 2.015625, -0.1123046875, -0.419921875, -0.7421875, -0.30859375, -0.87109375, -0.5, -1.3125, -0.3203125, -1.15625, 0.1220703125, 1.21875, -1.6171875, 0.039794921875, 0.490234375, 0.6640625, 1.6640625, -1.1953125, -1.234375, -0.4609375, 1.2578125, 0.0859375, 0.62109375, -0.66796875, 1.203125, 0.66796875, -1.34375, -0.32421875, -0.99609375, -0.68359375, 0.58203125, 0.14453125, -0.55859375, -0.6640625, 0.107421875, -0.703125, -0.69921875, 1.2265625, 0.82421875, -0.2890625, -0.1689453125, -0.2373046875, 0.421875, 1.3203125, -0.6796875, -0.333984375, -1.140625, 1.7421875, -0.10205078125, 1.1484375, -1.546875, -0.0869140625, 0.60546875, 0.4765625, -0.466796875, 0.734375, -0.5546875, -1.1953125, -0.10546875, 0.00909423828125, -0.6015625, -0.23828125, 0.66796875, -0.232421875, 1.5234375, -0.55859375, -1.4609375, 0.2314453125, 1.1875, -1.265625, 0.6875, 0.6953125, 1.3671875, 1.5859375, 0.65625, 0.515625, 0.80859375, -0.87109375, -0.82421875, 0.58203125, 0.01348876953125, 0.8515625, 0.89453125, -1.4453125, 0.357421875, 0.62890625, 0.55078125, -0.033203125, -0.95703125, -0.265625, -0.1181640625, -0.921875, -0.478515625, -0.9609375, -0.1162109375, 1.140625, 0.828125, -0.93359375, -0.353515625, -0.9453125, 0.71875, 0.310546875, 0.609375, 0.25, 1.21875, 0.86328125, -1.265625, 0.76953125, 0.00537109375, 0.2236328125, -0.296875, -1.1015625, -0.0986328125, -1.5078125, -1.5, 0.7421875, -0.0498046875, 0.36328125, 0.62890625, 0.52734375, -0.921875, 0.6171875, 0.37109375, 0.462890625, -0.36328125, 0.94140625, 1.78125, -1.15625, -0.59375, -0.5859375, -0.63671875, 1.140625, 1.0390625, -0.94140625, 1.1875, -0.208984375, -0.83984375, -0.6640625, 1.375, 0.18359375, -0.96484375, -0.365234375, 2.015625, 0.130859375, -1.125, 0.169921875, -1.03125, -0.2490234375, 0.345703125, -0.19140625, 0.0771484375, -0.7421875, 0.796875, -0.2275390625, -0.400390625, -1.0234375, -0.5234375, 1.046875, -0.25390625, 0.76171875, -1.703125, 0.67578125, 0.75390625, 0.671875, -1.1875, 0.484375, 0.796875, -1.0859375, 0.3203125, 0.80078125, 0.6953125, -0.56640625, -0.74609375, -0.384765625, 0.76171875, -0.482421875, -2.75, -1.28125, 1.578125, 0.007080078125, -0.138671875, 0.91015625, 1.6328125, -0.44140625, 0.06884765625, -1.4140625, -0.06884765625, 0.85546875, 0.138671875, 1.234375, 0.99609375, -0.2490234375, 0.515625, 2.375, 0.54296875, -1.203125, -0.7890625, 0.40625, 0.1044921875, -0.205078125, -0.2353515625, 0.46875, 0.279296875, 1.015625, -0.6796875, 1.765625, 1.46875, 0.78125, -0.41796875, 0.37109375, -1.765625, -0.3515625, 0.58984375, -0.2236328125, 2.140625, -0.06005859375, -0.76171875, 1.8125, -0.359375, -0.002349853515625, -0.486328125, 0.162109375, -1.3125, 1.015625, 0.07080078125, 0.30859375, -0.08837890625, -0.6953125, 0.51171875, -0.6015625, 1.1171875, 0.33984375, 0.318359375, -0.53515625, 0.76171875, 1.8515625, -0.10546875, -0.77734375, 0.79296875, 0.396484375, -0.162109375, -0.1923828125, 0.12890625, 0.58984375, -1.7578125, -0.65625, -0.06982421875, 0.294921875, -0.56640625, 0.7109375, -0.0279541015625, 0.06396484375, -0.76953125, -0.27734375, 0.72265625, 0.287109375, -0.515625, 0.1533203125, -0.94921875, -0.251953125, 0.251953125, -1.2265625, -0.005157470703125, 1.125, -1.0078125, -0.56640625, -0.84765625, -0.59765625, 0.00103759765625, 0.216796875, 1.015625, 0.86328125, 0.2490234375, -1.5703125, -0.11083984375, -0.734375, -0.1416015625, -1.5859375, -0.2177734375, -0.7265625, -1.0390625, 1.2734375, 1.7109375, 3.53125, 1.1171875, 0.54296875, 0.3671875, -0.83203125, 0.4765625, 1.796875, -0.1123046875, -0.47265625, 0.490234375, 1.3046875, 0.6484375, 0.0966796875, 0.2021484375, 0.2041015625, 1.0625, 0.80859375, -0.62109375, -0.09033203125, -0.98828125, -0.50390625, -1.09375, 0.033935546875, -1.0703125, 0.12890625, 0.048828125, -1.0703125, -0.8984375, -0.72265625, -0.10888671875, -0.0255126953125, 0.3359375, -0.216796875, -1.390625, 0.62109375, -1.4921875, -0.78125, 0.5234375, -0.447265625, -2.3125, 0.89453125, -0.10400390625, 1.90625, -1.0078125, -0.8515625, -0.6953125, 0.86328125, 0.007781982421875, -0.146484375, -0.71875, 0.10498046875, -2.765625, -0.318359375, -0.71875, 1.546875, -0.67578125, -0.8828125, 0.83984375, 0.462890625, -1.453125, -0.220703125, 1, 0.96484375, -0.6484375, 0.58984375, 0.408203125, -1.296875, -0.05615234375, 1.0546875, -0.65234375, 0.625, -1.9375, 1.375, 0.56640625, -1.3203125, 0.5859375, 0.416015625, 0.84375, -0.059814453125, -0.8671875, -0.94140625, 1.2734375, -1.671875, 1.2578125, -0.515625, -0.1982421875, 0.36328125, 0.7265625, 1.125, -1.390625, 0.71875, 0.73828125, 0.66015625, -1.2890625, -2.171875, 0.193359375, 1.3984375, -0.34765625, 0.376953125, 0.7734375, 1.09375, -0.400390625, -0.072265625, 0.1318359375, 0.703125, -0.36328125, -0.5234375, -0.1435546875, -1.7578125, 0.75390625, -1.0390625, 0.11279296875, -1.34375, -0.193359375, -1.0859375, 0.25, 0.86328125, -0.0859375, 0.76171875, 0.162109375, -0.953125, -1.171875, -0.470703125, 0.259765625, 1.4765625, -0.259765625, -0.07275390625, 0.8515625, 1.1015625, 0.82421875, -0.953125, 1.3515625, 0.73828125, 0.478515625, -0.92578125, 0.482421875, 0.91796875, 0.24609375, 1.1640625, 0.326171875, -0.88671875, 0.50390625, 0.138671875, -0.6875, -0.341796875, 0.267578125, 1.1484375, 0.4921875, 0.48046875, -0.03466796875, -0.7421875, -0.42578125, 0.1728515625, -1.8671875, -0.64453125, -0.26171875, 0.2412109375, -0.365234375, -0.2490234375, -0.455078125, -0.1767578125, -0.051513671875, -0.8515625, -0.79296875, 0.232421875, -0.1572265625, 0.462890625, 1.2578125, -0.78515625, -0.369140625, 0.50390625, 0.2314453125, 1.078125, 0.578125, -0.29296875, -0.474609375, 0.050537109375, -0.22265625, 1.1484375, 0.490234375, 1.3203125, 0.396484375, 1.6484375, -0.051025390625, -0.162109375, -0.0927734375, 0.703125, 0.369140625, -1.1328125, 0.049072265625, 0.78515625, -0.87890625, 0.5, -0.08349609375, 0.1455078125, -2.15625, 0.87109375, -0.3671875, -0.478515625, 0.40234375, -1.1015625, 0.09130859375, 0.8515625, -1.0859375, -1.1328125, 0.232421875, 0.65625, 0.70703125, -0.83984375, 0.0869140625, -3.125, 0.078125, 0.55078125, 1.453125, -0.7421875, -0.62109375, -0.86328125, -0.404296875, 2.03125, 0.396484375, 0.10986328125, -2.53125, 0.54296875, -0.1337890625, -0.7421875, 0.6015625, 0.484375, -0.32421875, 1.5, -0.310546875, 0.9375, -0.51171875, -0.37109375, -0.10400390625, 0.038330078125, 0.73828125, -0.36328125, 0.111328125, 0.76171875, 1.2890625, 0.38671875, 0.74609375, -0.146484375, -0.734375, 0.421875, -0.033447265625, 1.5625, 0.40234375, 0.51953125, 0.7890625, -0.16796875, 1.296875, -1.5703125, 0.94140625, -1.1796875, 1.09375, -1.03125, -0.2421875, -0.232421875, 0.267578125, 0.298828125, -0.9921875, 0.376953125, -2.21875, 0.49609375, 0.6015625, -0.63671875, 1.6328125, -0.90234375, -0.060546875, -0.486328125, 1.5234375, -0.453125, 0.0267333984375, -0.1318359375, -0.259765625, 0.9140625, -1.2421875, -1.7421875, -2.125, 0.59375, -1.359375, 1.0703125, -0.185546875, -0.40625, 0.162109375, -1.6640625, -1.0078125, 1.1171875, 0.8203125, -0.59375, -0.56640625, -2.421875, -0.400390625, 0.283203125, -1.0625, 1.5, 0.166015625, 1.046875, 1.875, 0.7734375, -1.1796875, -1, 1.3515625, -0.447265625, 0.7421875, -1.03125, -0.318359375, 0.55859375, -0.263671875, -0.37109375, 0.66796875, -0.0556640625, -1.6171875, -1.0703125, -0.1982421875, 1.890625, -1.0625, 0.431640625, 0.1396484375, 0.2333984375, 0.294921875, 0.10400390625, 0.14453125, -0.69921875, 0.8671875, 0.4453125, -0.84765625, 0.546875, -0.94140625, -0.294921875, -0.75390625, 0.27734375, 0.5703125, -1.265625, -0.609375, -1.046875, 0.345703125, 0.12353515625, -1.125, 0.412109375, -0.046875, 1.34375, 0.66796875, -0.095703125, -0.7734375, 0.6484375, 1.140625, -1.828125, 0.2373046875, -0.10693359375, 2.34375, -0.08203125, 0.9140625, -1.5234375, -0.375, -0.0927734375, 1.4453125, 0.19921875, 0.5234375, 0.322265625, -0.98828125, 1.6875, 0.7734375, -0.349609375, -0.482421875, 0.8671875, 1.3515625, -0.01495361328125, -0.75390625, -0.19921875, 0.8046875, -0.75, -0.251953125, 0.01409912109375, -0.138671875, 1.1953125, 1.875, 0.1865234375, 1.1953125, -0.34375, 0.4921875, -0.1943359375, 0.10595703125, -1.09375, 0.609375, 0.2041015625, -0.431640625, 0.2431640625, 0.388671875, 1.078125, -0.28515625, -0.1259765625, -1.03125, 0.859375, 0.8359375, 2.234375, 0.94140625, -0.91015625, 1.1875, 0.361328125, -0.671875, -0.7265625, -0.158203125, 0.37890625, 1.265625, -0.53125, -0.181640625, 1.25, 1.5546875, -0.302734375, 1.9375, 0.60546875, 0.1513671875, 0.1650390625, 1.2734375, 0.6953125, 0.76953125, 0.2890625, -0.54296875, -0.43359375, 0.478515625, 0.8984375, 1.65625, 0.1708984375, -0.796875, -0.3125, -0.53125, 0.12451171875, 0.2314453125, -0.65234375, 1.296875, 0.322265625, -0.53515625, 1.6328125, -1.6171875, -0.8203125, 0.1943359375, 0.173828125, 0.9609375, 0.08740234375, 0.71484375, 0.392578125, 0.390625, 0.02783203125, -0.451171875, 0.29296875, 0.76171875, -0.3828125, -0.91015625, -0.828125, -0.50390625, 0.625, -0.04541015625, -0.150390625, 1.6953125, -0.1591796875, -0.51953125, -1.3515625, 0.341796875, 1.1640625, -1.7890625, 0.66015625, -0.328125, 0.515625, 1.40625, 1.4453125, 0.043212890625, -0.275390625, -0.7890625, -0.75, -0.20703125, -0.796875, -0.73828125, 0.1396484375, 1.8828125, 0.6953125, -0.4375, -0.31640625, -2.15625, 0.091796875, 0.8203125, -1.8125, -0.150390625, -0.353515625, 0.32421875, -1.0703125, -0.59375, 0.052001953125, -0.9609375, 0.94140625, -1.09375, -1.0859375, 0.080078125, -0.41796875, -0.23046875, -0.45703125, 0.05029296875, 0.2236328125, 0.419921875, -0.1630859375, -0.216796875, 0.91796875, -0.158203125, -0.1376953125, -0.287109375, 0.65234375, -0.2734375, -1.2734375, 0.044921875, 0.09521484375, 0.1298828125, 1.1484375, 0.04443359375, 0.56640625, 0.478515625, -0.8984375, -1.265625, -0.8125, -0.037841796875, -0.07080078125, -0.55859375, -0.384765625, 0.0908203125, -0.173828125, -0.2158203125, 0.8984375, 0.87109375, -0.4296875, -1.3828125, 0.138671875, 0.1328125, -2.03125, -0.66796875, -0.87890625, -0.203125, 1.8125, 0.640625, 1.4140625, 0.419921875, 1.6796875, 0.173828125, 0.06982421875, 1.875, 2.15625, 0.68359375, 0.1181640625, -0.73046875, -0.6171875, 0.353515625, -0.7734375, -0.59375, 1.078125, 0.66015625, 0.408203125, -0.859375, 0.74609375, 0.5234375, -0.8828125, -0.150390625, 1.3984375, -0.36328125, 1.296875, -0.051513671875, 1.6953125, 1.4296875, -0.33984375, 0.50390625, 0.1484375, -0.70703125, 0.98828125, 1.390625, 0.40234375, -0.99609375, 1.2578125, 1.8203125, -0.76953125, -0.796875, -0.412109375, -1.453125, -1.1171875, 0.8984375, -1.7109375, -0.1669921875, -2.46875, 0.197265625, -0.259765625, -0.37109375, -1.1171875, -1.6796875, 0.66796875, -0.66015625, 2.03125, -1.0859375, -0.73828125, -0.859375, -0.39453125, 2.203125, 0.87890625, 0.828125, 0.41015625, 0.64453125, -0.25, 0.984375, -0.2890625, 0.40625, -0.921875, 1.0625, 0.1064453125, -0.040283203125, -0.5859375, 0.419921875, -0.5390625, -0.47265625, 0.26171875, -0.8046875, 1.9609375, -1.5234375, 0.56640625, -0.484375, 0.326171875, 0.474609375, 0.287109375, -1.5703125, 0.0791015625, 0.044677734375, -0.07275390625, 1.625, -0.5859375, 0.0634765625, 0.6328125, -0.640625, 0.5078125, 0.494140625, 0.56640625, -0.79296875, -0.6484375, -2.28125, 1.40625, 0.033447265625, 1.5234375, -1.9140625, 1.2578125, -0.076171875, -1.3828125, 0.31640625, 0.8203125, 0.06005859375, -0.8203125, -0.80859375, -0.5859375, 0.5546875, -1.125, -0.10888671875, 2.03125, -0.5859375, 1.609375, 0.2265625, 0.310546875, 0.8671875, 0.380859375, -0.8515625, -0.036376953125, -0.1640625, 0.0458984375, -0.412109375, 0.1064453125, -1.46875, 0.228515625, 0.9375, -0.051025390625, 1.453125, -1.2421875, -0.451171875, -0.27734375, -0.1474609375, -0.453125, -0.83203125, -2.171875, -0.33203125, 0.2158203125, 0.416015625, -0.2734375, 2.125, 1.5546875, 1.75, 0.232421875, 0.4375, -0.30859375, -0.0223388671875, 0.11669921875, -0.42578125, 0.9375, 0.51953125, -0.76953125, 0.2392578125, 0.76171875, -0.1064453125, -0.146484375, 0.0269775390625, 0.0615234375, -1.484375, 0.51171875, -0.7890625, 0.6875, 1.3828125, 2.5625, -0.76171875, 0.34375, -0.44140625, 0.94921875, 0.1650390625, -1.75, 0.412109375, 0.671875, -1.0078125, 1.9296875, -0.1337890625, 0.328125, 0.87109375, 0.875, 0.494140625, -0.48046875, -1.53125, -1.3203125, 2.546875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1526556273
β‐Arrestin‐2 knockout prevents development of cellular μ‐opioid receptor tolerance but does not affect opioid‐withdrawal‐related adaptations in single <scp>PAG</scp> neurons
Tolerance to the behavioural effects of morphine is blunted in β-arrestin-2 knockout mice, but opioid withdrawal is largely unaffected. The cellular mechanisms of tolerance have been studied in some neurons from β-arrestin-2 knockouts, but tolerance and withdrawal mechanisms have not been examined at the cellular level in periaqueductal grey (PAG) neurons, which are crucial for central tolerance and withdrawal phenomena.μ-Opioid receptor (MOPr) inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channel currents (ICa ) was examined by patch-clamp recordings from acutely dissociated PAG neurons from wild-type and β-arrestin-2 knockout mice treated chronically with morphine (CMT) or vehicle. Opioid withdrawal-induced activation of GABA transporter type 1 (GAT-1) currents was determined using perforated patch recordings from PAG neurons in brain slices.MOPr inhibition of ICa in PAG neurons was unaffected by β-arrestin-2 deletion. CMT impaired coupling of MOPrs to ICa in PAG neurons from wild-type mice, but this cellular tolerance was not observed in neurons from CMT β-arrestin-2 knockouts. However, β-arrestin-2 knockouts displayed similar opioid-withdrawal-induced activation of GAT-1 currents as wild-type PAG neurons.In β-arrestin-2 knockout mice, the central neurons involved in the anti-nociceptive actions of opioids also fail to develop cellular tolerance to opioids following chronic morphine. The results also provide the first cellular physiological evidence that opioid withdrawal is not disrupted by β-arrestin-2 deletion. However, the unaffected basal sensitivity to opioids in PAG neurons provides further evidence that changes in basal MOPr sensitivity cannot account for the enhanced acute nociceptive response to morphine reported in β-arrestin-2 knockouts.This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
[ 0.3359375, 2.03125, 0.546875, -0.578125, -0.484375, 0.322265625, -0.8046875, 1.1015625, -0.40625, -0.08740234375, -1.578125, 1.796875, 1.78125, 0.0810546875, 1.3203125, 1.6328125, -0.28125, -0.216796875, -0.984375, -1.140625, -1.703125, -0.9765625, -0.005126953125, 1.9375, 0.3359375, -0.466796875, -1.328125, -0.67578125, 0.50390625, 1.1328125, -0.37890625, 1.2421875, -1.25, -0.6640625, 0.52734375, -0.34765625, 0.283203125, -0.95703125, -0.46484375, 0.5, -0.134765625, 0.2021484375, 0.2431640625, -0.375, -0.4921875, 1.234375, -0.1201171875, -0.13671875, -1.921875, -1, -0.625, 0.4296875, 0.5078125, -0.109375, -1.7890625, 1.171875, -0.85546875, 0.5, 0.28515625, -1.796875, -0.259765625, -0.44140625, -0.1689453125, -0.06591796875, 0.74609375, -0.357421875, 0.4765625, 0.0458984375, 0.2890625, -0.5078125, 1.84375, -0.25, -1.4296875, 1.265625, 0.83203125, 0.5234375, 0.8359375, 0.421875, 0.1591796875, 1.921875, -0.88671875, -1.453125, 1.03125, 0.486328125, 0.02685546875, 0.55078125, 0.251953125, 0.5078125, 1.125, 1.75, 0.1328125, -0.37109375, -1.59375, -0.625, 0.392578125, 0.6171875, 0.240234375, 1.046875, -0.1171875, 1.3984375, 0.1943359375, 0.23046875, -0.03955078125, -0.263671875, -0.146484375, 1.5, -0.05712890625, -0.8359375, -0.1591796875, 1.0546875, 0.298828125, -0.62109375, -0.0361328125, 0.8984375, 0.416015625, 0.890625, -0.0634765625, 1.9375, -0.154296875, -1.4609375, -0.81640625, -0.51171875, -0.5, -0.71875, 2.890625, 1.1328125, -0.10595703125, 0.72265625, -0.1220703125, -0.1484375, 0.83203125, 0.392578125, 0.0238037109375, 0.302734375, -0.703125, 0.1015625, 1.5078125, 1.265625, -0.43359375, -0.5546875, -0.953125, 1.3046875, -0.83984375, -0.1591796875, -0.82421875, -1.484375, -0.61328125, -0.0201416015625, -0.51171875, 0.59765625, -1.1484375, -0.09912109375, -0.73828125, 1.359375, 0.10546875, -0.88671875, -0.51953125, 1.875, -0.52734375, 0.578125, -0.20703125, -0.93359375, 0.9921875, -0.94140625, -0.6015625, 0.05615234375, -0.2578125, 0.6875, 0.392578125, -0.294921875, -0.189453125, -0.875, 1.2890625, 0.2314453125, 1.1484375, -2.078125, -0.66796875, 0.765625, -0.12060546875, 0.66015625, -0.578125, 0.009521484375, -0.890625, -0.59765625, 0.28515625, 0.96875, 0.74609375, -0.1103515625, 0.6484375, 0.59375, 0.88671875, -1.875, -1.8046875, 0.83203125, 0.40234375, -0.3203125, 0.328125, 1.3984375, -0.314453125, -0.6171875, -1.140625, 0.79296875, -0.62109375, 2.875, 0.59765625, -0.3671875, -0.671875, 0.59375, 1.0703125, 0.38671875, -1.3828125, -1.578125, -0.25390625, -1.46875, -0.439453125, -0.875, 0.2578125, -0.88671875, 0.181640625, -0.302734375, 1.546875, 0.7109375, -0.00927734375, -0.72265625, -0.2890625, -1.3515625, -0.07763671875, -0.5859375, -0.4453125, 0.578125, 1.3203125, 0.369140625, 0.32421875, -0.361328125, -0.41015625, -0.353515625, 1.3671875, 0.033935546875, -0.0595703125, 0.60546875, -0.5859375, -0.3125, -0.0517578125, -0.369140625, -0.271484375, 0.58984375, 0.328125, 0.189453125, -1.46875, 1.390625, 0.88671875, 0.890625, 0.5, 0.51953125, -0.90234375, -0.7890625, -0.61328125, -1.0390625, 1.234375, -0.8828125, -0.47265625, -0.39453125, 0.474609375, -1.421875, 0.2275390625, -0.45703125, 0.8125, -0.53515625, -0.546875, -0.90625, -0.14453125, -0.0155029296875, 0.37109375, -0.234375, 1.140625, 0.53515625, -1.2890625, -0.5703125, 0.1962890625, -0.1904296875, -0.453125, -0.8046875, -0.71875, -0.58984375, 0.62109375, 0.6171875, 1.2890625, -0.1328125, -0.6484375, -0.99609375, 0.023193359375, -0.306640625, -1.4375, 0.29296875, 1.2109375, -0.2421875, 0.0133056640625, 2.5625, 1.8125, -0.42578125, -0.62109375, 0.828125, -0.91796875, -0.53125, 2.546875, -0.91796875, -0.71484375, -1.6640625, 0.2578125, -0.07080078125, 0.76171875, 0.76171875, 0.1552734375, 0.5234375, 0.58984375, 1.8359375, 0.46875, -1.890625, 0.76171875, -0.61328125, 0.404296875, -0.4296875, 0.84375, 1.4453125, 0.1279296875, 0.022705078125, -0.365234375, -0.6796875, -0.875, 0.44140625, -1.40625, -0.421875, 0.66015625, 0.3125, -0.72265625, -0.1337890625, -1.234375, -1.203125, 1.1875, -0.032470703125, 1.8125, -0.1875, -0.2734375, -2.125, 0.71875, 0.22265625, 0.478515625, 0.63671875, 1.4609375, -0.765625, -0.83984375, -0.5625, 1.1015625, -1.1796875, -1.328125, -0.228515625, 1.21875, -0.6875, 0.90625, -1.03125, 1.4375, 1.5078125, 1.5078125, 0.185546875, -0.12890625, 0.365234375, 1.5703125, 0.01953125, 0.65625, -0.050537109375, 0.26171875, 0.41796875, -1.0625, 1.2421875, 1.3359375, 2.5625, -0.55078125, -1.125, 0.265625, 1.9140625, 0.43359375, 1.75, -0.53515625, 0.035888671875, 1.625, 0.859375, 0.66796875, 0.1435546875, 0.90625, 1.09375, 0.01177978515625, -0.76171875, -1.8984375, -0.1220703125, 1.1328125, -1.1875, 0.072265625, 0.051025390625, -0.287109375, -0.28515625, 0.9765625, -0.42578125, 0.59765625, 0.443359375, 0.2119140625, 0.205078125, -1.3046875, 0.384765625, -1.1953125, -1.0546875, -0.76171875, 1.5, -0.87109375, -0.2294921875, -0.921875, 0.8203125, 0.1552734375, -1.203125, 0.56640625, -0.75390625, 1.6484375, 0.220703125, 0.7421875, -0.671875, -0.7265625, -0.396484375, -0.353515625, -0.1171875, -1.765625, 0.578125, 0.8203125, 0.75, -0.8046875, -1.1640625, 0.326171875, -0.49609375, 0.9453125, -0.32421875, -0.9921875, 0.427734375, -0.498046875, 0.46875, 0.427734375, 1.046875, 0.94921875, 1.59375, 0.75390625, 1.8828125, 0.70703125, 1.2265625, 0.76953125, -1.765625, -1.328125, 0.51953125, -0.72265625, 0.287109375, -0.5703125, 0.10888671875, 0.5703125, 1.0390625, 0.447265625, 0.017578125, -0.10302734375, -0.263671875, 0.73046875, 1.03125, 0.1318359375, -1.0546875, -1.046875, 0.71484375, 1.765625, 0.11865234375, -0.34765625, -1.078125, -1.40625, -0.94921875, -0.2451171875, 1.8125, 1.484375, 0.486328125, 1.4375, -0.453125, -0.8671875, 0.515625, 1.4765625, 0.94140625, -2.328125, -0.84375, 0.0966796875, -1.03125, 1.4609375, -0.353515625, -0.03662109375, -0.64453125, 0.78515625, 0.2080078125, 0.474609375, 1.8984375, 0.421875, 0.380859375, -0.07568359375, -0.91015625, -1.5546875, -0.46875, 1.25, 0.12353515625, -0.314453125, 0.1416015625, -1.7890625, 0.60546875, 1.7578125, 1.9609375, -0.494140625, -1.2734375, -0.1240234375, 0.45703125, 0.94140625, 0.59765625, 0.74609375, -0.60546875, 1.2890625, -1.0546875, 0.032470703125, 0.34375, 0.56640625, -0.40625, 1.5390625, -0.5390625, 0.369140625, -0.259765625, -0.9453125, -0.8046875, -0.263671875, 1.46875, -0.93359375, -0.59375, -0.39453125, 0.9609375, 1.21875, -1.1171875, -1.5, -0.12890625, -0.90625, -0.9140625, 0.78125, 0.6484375, 0.09912109375, 0.94921875, -0.5625, 1.5234375, -1.3984375, 1.1171875, -1.2109375, 0.0242919921875, -0.7421875, 0.6953125, 0.11572265625, -0.5546875, 0.431640625, -1.3046875, 0.00127410888671875, -1.703125, -1.0546875, 0.609375, 0.025146484375, 0.515625, -1.2109375, -0.8984375, -0.73046875, -0.007781982421875, -0.251953125, 0.953125, 0.15625, -0.001068115234375, 0.439453125, -0.494140625, -0.0859375, -0.8671875, -0.21875, -0.208984375, 0.6875, -0.078125, -0.9765625, -0.482421875, -0.10107421875, -0.03173828125, 2.203125, 1.1015625, 1.0546875, -0.41796875, -1.6015625, 0.11669921875, 0.59375, 0.640625, -0.3359375, -0.047607421875, 1.2578125, 0.734375, 0.6484375, 0.4140625, 0.40625, 1.4609375, 0.578125, -0.34375, -0.142578125, -0.7109375, -0.353515625, 0.291015625, 1.6015625, 0.83203125, -0.1875, 0.88671875, -1.515625, 0.66796875, 0.58203125, 0.11083984375, 0.4296875, 0.279296875, 0.62890625, 0.380859375, -0.38671875, 0.4375, -1.015625, 1.0703125, 0.58984375, -1.15625, 0.384765625, -0.62890625, 0.58984375, -0.62890625, -1.25, 0.546875, -0.51171875, -0.46484375, -0.8203125, -1.125, -0.984375, 0.09814453125, 1.078125, 0.1240234375, 0.9921875, 0.625, -0.275390625, -0.47265625, -0.74609375, 0.84375, -0.55859375, -0.87109375, 0.0030975341796875, 0.267578125, -1.1171875, 0.166015625, 0.6015625, -0.384765625, 1.6640625, 1.7421875, -1.5234375, 0.061279296875, -1.3515625, -0.67578125, 0.3984375, 1.390625, -0.1865234375, 0.05810546875, 0.169921875, 1.4375, 0.6796875, -0.2021484375, -0.9609375, 0.18359375, -0.6328125, 0.486328125, -0.3046875, 0.298828125, -0.373046875, 0.75390625, 1.015625, 1.875, 0.365234375, 0.314453125, 0.60546875, 0.96875, 0.14453125, 1.2734375, -0.04296875, -1.46875, -1.1015625, 0.98046875, -0.4921875, 0.51171875, -0.828125, 0.09521484375, 1.84375, 1.4765625, 0.9453125, 0.375, -0.1748046875, -0.69921875, 0.2392578125, -1.1171875, 0.71875, 1.0234375, -0.2578125, 1.2265625, -1.0703125, 0.9140625, 0.062255859375, 0.99609375, -0.275390625, -0.2734375, -0.27734375, -0.6328125, 0.138671875, 0.1318359375, -0.220703125, 0.7890625, 0.62890625, 0.353515625, -0.64453125, -0.3125, 1.3125, 0.8203125, 0.93359375, -0.03662109375, -0.60546875, -2, -0.162109375, 0.2412109375, 0.3671875, 2.203125, -1.8828125, -0.70703125, 1.390625, -0.373046875, -0.482421875, -1, -1.046875, 0.236328125, -0.78125, -0.033203125, -0.7734375, 1.4921875, 0.375, -0.8203125, 0.2275390625, 0.7421875, -1.65625, -1.421875, -1, -0.1875, -0.91796875, 0.349609375, -0.6875, 2.078125, 0.71875, 0.28515625, -0.32421875, -1.578125, -0.78125, -0.5546875, 0.97265625, -1.0390625, 1.046875, 0.333984375, 0.1181640625, 0.498046875, 0.21484375, -0.53125, 1.6015625, -0.09033203125, -0.126953125, -0.66796875, -0.87109375, 1.2421875, -0.09619140625, 0.32421875, -0.4921875, -0.78125, 0.96875, -0.04248046875, -0.86328125, -0.8828125, -0.125, -0.73828125, -1.5859375, 0.23046875, -0.34375, -0.26171875, -0.91015625, -0.5703125, -0.7421875, -0.302734375, 0.65625, 0.040771484375, -1.1171875, -0.10302734375, -0.08984375, 0.5625, -0.67578125, -0.8671875, -0.294921875, 1.1640625, -0.31640625, 0.5390625, -0.01324462890625, 1, -0.515625, -1.2578125, -0.498046875, 0.5234375, 0.216796875, -0.279296875, 0.2060546875, 2.140625, -0.9375, -0.984375, 0.08203125, 0.236328125, -0.1767578125, 0.984375, -0.95703125, 0.431640625, 0.306640625, -0.27734375, 0.2197265625, 0.455078125, 0.248046875, -0.6484375, -0.59375, 0.9453125, -1.0234375, 0.166015625, -1.265625, 0.29296875, 1.90625, 0.32421875, -0.494140625, -0.1220703125, -0.482421875, -1.5703125, -1.046875, 0.9453125, -0.5859375, 1.40625, 0.828125, 0.1953125, -0.75, 0.037841796875, -0.58203125, -1.015625, 0.4296875, 0.60546875, 0.1806640625, -0.703125, -0.375, 0.6171875, -0.2333984375, 0.6640625, 1.5234375, 0.2177734375, 2.625, -1.171875, 0.1337890625, 1.9765625, 0.62109375, -0.3671875, 0.98828125, -1.2265625, 1.1328125, 0.30078125, 0.4765625, 1.2265625, 0.71875, 0.6953125, 0.345703125, -0.52734375, -1.078125, -0.8125, -0.75390625, 2.078125, -1.046875, 0.052001953125, -0.60546875, -0.4453125, 0.412109375, -0.9765625, 0.984375, -0.259765625, 0.177734375, -0.69140625, -1.109375, -0.6875, -1.453125, -0.671875, -0.2470703125, 2.296875, 1.0546875, 1.1875, 0.2421875, -0.12255859375, -1.7421875, 0.236328125, 1.0390625, 1.03125, -1.96875, -0.6015625, -1.65625, 1.3671875, -0.01104736328125, 1.734375, -0.87109375, 0.85546875, 0.3828125, 0.9140625, 0.7890625, -0.359375, 1.46875, -0.953125, 0.2578125, 0.58203125, -0.96875, 0.51953125, 0.0419921875, 1.7578125, -0.875, 1.375, -0.9609375, -0.5546875, 0.44140625, -0.23046875, -0.1005859375, -0.78515625, 0.302734375, 0.67578125, -1.515625, -1.6875, 1.09375, -0.388671875, 1.046875, -1.40625, 0.94140625, -1.734375, -0.921875, -0.68359375, 0.87890625, 0.380859375, 0.38671875, -0.380859375, -1.15625, 0.1767578125, 1.0859375, 0.51953125, 1.09375, 0.68359375, 0.828125, 0.181640625, -0.7421875, 1.109375, 0.94140625, 0.255859375, -0.25, 0.80859375, -1.1171875, 0.0595703125, 1.3671875, -1.0078125, 0.66015625, 0.75, 0.443359375, 0.10009765625, -1.4765625, 0.91796875, 0.2451171875, 0.8828125, 0.546875, 0.318359375, -0.87109375, -0.1083984375, -0.41796875, 0.330078125, 0.81640625, 2.09375, 0.58203125, 1.9375, -0.310546875, -0.431640625, 1.0625, 0.0096435546875, -0.09521484375, 0.07666015625, 0.6875, -0.671875, 0.1455078125, -1.0234375, -0.0218505859375, -0.75390625, 0.41796875, 0.039306640625, 0.12890625, 0.2431640625, -1.015625, -0.66796875, 1.3671875, 1.1640625, 1.21875, 0.25, 0.080078125, -1.84375, 1.3125, 0.1015625, -0.251953125, -0.25390625, -0.357421875, -1, -0.458984375, 0.48046875, 0.6015625, 1.140625, -0.1533203125, 0.46484375, -0.37890625, -2.1875, -0.423828125, 1.5625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1526836557
Full‐length prion protein aggregates to amyloid fibrils and spherical particles by distinct pathways
As limited structural information is available on prion protein (PrP) misfolding and aggregation, a causative link between the specific (supra)molecular structure of PrP and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies remains to be elucidated. In this study, high pressure was utilized, as an approach to perturb protein structure, to characterize different morphological and structural PrP aggregates. It was shown that full-length recombinant PrP undergoes beta-sheet aggregation on high-pressure-induced destabilization. By tuning the physicochemical conditions, the assembly process evolves through two distinct pathways leading to the irreversible formation of spherical particles or amyloid fibrils, respectively. When the PrP aggregation propensity is enhanced, high pressure induces the formation of a partially unfolded aggregated protein, Agg(HP), which relaxes at ambient pressure to form amorphous aggregates. The latter largely retain the native secondary structure. On prolonged incubation at high pressure, followed by depressurization, Agg(HP) transforms to a monodisperse population of spherical particles of about 20 nm in diameter, characterized by an essentially beta-sheet secondary structure. When the PrP aggregation propensity is decreased, an oligomeric reaction intermediate, I(HP), is formed under high pressure. After pressure release, I(HP) relaxes to the original native structure. However, on prolonged incubation at high pressure and subsequent depressurization, it transforms to amyloid fibrils. Structural evaluation, using optical spectroscopic methods, demonstrates that the conformation adopted by the subfibrillar oligomeric intermediate, I(HP), constitutes a necessary prerequisite for the formation of amyloids. The use of high-pressure perturbation thus provides an insight into the molecular mechanism of the first stages of PrP misfolding into amyloids.
[ -0.58984375, 0.171875, 0.78125, -1.0546875, 1.2578125, 0.026123046875, -1.9296875, 1.453125, -0.1591796875, -1.125, -0.96875, 0.76953125, 1.9609375, 0.05712890625, 0.875, 0.64453125, -0.7578125, -0.67578125, 0.140625, -0.054443359375, -0.68359375, -0.3671875, -0.90625, -0.2255859375, -0.6953125, 1.1015625, -0.03173828125, -1.4609375, 0.73828125, 2.46875, 1.328125, -0.59375, -1.5078125, -1.1953125, -0.2890625, -0.77734375, 1.5390625, 0.84375, 0.10888671875, -0.12353515625, -0.42578125, -0.97265625, 0.37109375, 0.04052734375, -0.06640625, 0.083984375, -0.07568359375, -1.515625, -0.279296875, -1.3046875, -1.7578125, 0.45703125, 1.3984375, 0.07373046875, 0.275390625, 0.34375, -1.5390625, -1.296875, 1.296875, -0.29296875, -1.1171875, -0.5859375, 1.0703125, 0.0712890625, 0.546875, 0.37890625, -0.9453125, 0.98828125, 0.65625, 0.30078125, 0.58203125, -0.81640625, -1.53125, 0.49609375, -0.8515625, 0.58203125, -0.36328125, -0.04052734375, 0.494140625, 0.34765625, -0.796875, -0.58984375, -0.19921875, 0.83203125, -0.51171875, 0.341796875, 0.2119140625, 2.03125, 0.66015625, 0.734375, -0.76171875, -0.69140625, -0.78515625, 0.482421875, -0.4609375, -0.69140625, 0.8984375, 0.2236328125, -1.1953125, 2.25, 0.8125, -0.98046875, -0.28515625, -0.6640625, -0.89453125, 0.77734375, -1.96875, -1.6171875, -1.25, -1.328125, -2.03125, -0.66796875, 0.78515625, 0.478515625, -0.388671875, -0.640625, -1.609375, 1.15625, 0.3203125, 0.51953125, 1.3515625, -0.2197265625, -0.6953125, 0.88671875, 0.921875, 1.3984375, -1.265625, 0.54296875, -0.1953125, -1.09375, 2.25, 0.4765625, -1.046875, 0.69921875, 0.671875, 0.004669189453125, 0.13671875, 0.95703125, 2.265625, -0.89453125, 1.28125, 1.1953125, -0.44921875, -0.765625, -0.6640625, 0.12158203125, 0.61328125, 0.019287109375, 0.5703125, 1.078125, -1.4453125, -1.265625, -0.31640625, 1.9140625, 1.2734375, -0.5625, -0.232421875, 2.265625, 1.2109375, -0.00433349609375, -0.349609375, -3.34375, 0.45703125, -0.1953125, -0.2099609375, 0.1787109375, -0.74609375, 1.1171875, 0.60546875, -0.96484375, -1.078125, -0.353515625, 1.421875, 0.0712890625, 1.0078125, -1.9296875, -1.0859375, 2.71875, 1.0703125, -0.30859375, -0.85546875, 1.9765625, -0.53515625, -0.66796875, 0.283203125, 2.109375, -0.859375, -0.3984375, -0.1767578125, 0.86328125, 0.30078125, -2.234375, -0.93359375, 1.6640625, -0.98046875, -0.5546875, 0.67578125, 1.96875, -1.1328125, -0.87109375, -1.25, -0.3203125, -0.796875, -0.625, -0.79296875, 0.87109375, -1.546875, 1.7890625, 1.09375, 1.8984375, -0.240234375, -1.515625, 0.1728515625, -0.177734375, -1.546875, -0.0272216796875, -2.453125, 1.7890625, 1.1328125, -0.314453125, 0.431640625, 1.4453125, 1.125, -0.5625, -0.52734375, -1.75, -0.8828125, 0.8671875, -1.6796875, 1.9921875, -0.369140625, -1.4453125, -0.8984375, -0.26171875, 0.1337890625, 0.1474609375, -1.109375, -1.390625, 0.70703125, -1.25, 0.6640625, 1.8203125, 1.4609375, 1.828125, 0.0380859375, 0.166015625, 1.0859375, -0.8671875, -0.66796875, 0.85546875, 1.03125, -0.79296875, -0.0810546875, -0.8203125, 0.37109375, 1.2265625, -2.40625, -0.62109375, 0.27734375, -0.515625, -0.98828125, 0.89453125, -1.15625, 0.294921875, -0.71484375, 0.62109375, -1.0078125, 0.546875, -2.0625, 0.2890625, 0.93359375, 0.038818359375, -0.9140625, -0.040283203125, 1.0546875, 0.73828125, -0.515625, 0.09423828125, 0.357421875, -1.5, -0.68359375, 0.349609375, -1.609375, -1.6484375, 0.57421875, 0.57421875, 0.8359375, 0.3046875, 0.2353515625, -0.7890625, 0.11376953125, 0.326171875, -0.61328125, 1.25, 0.494140625, -0.80859375, 0.640625, 1.3828125, 1.03125, -0.255859375, 1.171875, 1.1015625, 0.71875, -1.5859375, 1.7578125, -0.466796875, -0.7734375, -0.49609375, 2.171875, 1.2265625, 0.65234375, -0.27734375, -0.57421875, -0.0654296875, 0.7109375, 1.5390625, -0.07275390625, -1.7109375, -0.453125, -0.1591796875, 0.6640625, 1.4375, -1.0390625, 0.60546875, -1.0703125, -1.265625, -0.61328125, 0.041015625, -1.046875, 0.8515625, -1.453125, -0.875, 0.4765625, -0.049072265625, -0.515625, -0.244140625, 0.2158203125, -1.4453125, 1.09375, -0.404296875, 1.328125, -2.171875, -0.5625, -1.875, 1.1484375, 0.80078125, -0.875, 0.7265625, -0.322265625, -1.2890625, 0.40625, -0.306640625, 0.7578125, 1.0625, 0.263671875, -0.431640625, 1.6484375, -1.09375, 1.6015625, -1.53125, -1.0859375, -0.291015625, -1.421875, 0.34765625, 0.875, -0.78125, 0.255859375, -0.65625, 0.8125, -1.5546875, 0.2490234375, -0.796875, -1.03125, -0.322265625, 1.1484375, 1.6796875, -1.296875, -1.8046875, -0.7421875, 1.390625, -0.2734375, 0.349609375, 0.341796875, 0.640625, 1.1484375, 0.98046875, -0.70703125, 1.6015625, -0.6875, 0.53515625, -0.455078125, 1.1953125, -2.328125, 0.2392578125, -0.443359375, 1.6328125, 0.0220947265625, 2.0625, 0.19921875, -1.6953125, 1.2734375, 0.89453125, 2.21875, -1.75, -0.921875, -1.1953125, -0.07177734375, 0.1787109375, 0.1240234375, 1.0546875, -0.94921875, 0.259765625, -0.90625, -1.3046875, 0.58984375, -0.427734375, 2.140625, -1.1796875, 0.06591796875, 0.53125, 2.3125, -0.83984375, 0.357421875, -1.078125, 1.390625, 0.07080078125, 1.546875, 0.8046875, -1.109375, -0.56640625, -0.111328125, 1.1328125, -0.828125, -0.00970458984375, 0.95703125, -0.0245361328125, 1.828125, -0.146484375, -1.9453125, 2.0625, 1.78125, 0.291015625, 0.796875, -0.70703125, 1.203125, 2.3125, 0.427734375, -0.50390625, 0.71484375, -0.271484375, -0.62109375, -2.015625, -1.7578125, -0.984375, -0.51171875, 0.8671875, -1.46875, -0.1650390625, 0.29296875, -0.0888671875, -0.65625, -0.1787109375, -0.482421875, 0.546875, 0.5625, -0.8046875, -0.5546875, 0.55078125, -0.68359375, 2.40625, 0.83984375, -0.43359375, 1.171875, -0.470703125, -0.228515625, -0.279296875, -0.734375, 1.4140625, -0.2431640625, 0.8359375, 0.2177734375, 0.1123046875, -0.859375, 0.5859375, -0.341796875, 0.55078125, -1.0625, -0.130859375, -1.4921875, -0.1591796875, 0.000019550323486328125, 1.1640625, -0.400390625, 0.283203125, 0.9375, 0.3359375, -0.296875, -0.01312255859375, -0.4921875, 0.2080078125, 0.2099609375, -2.578125, -1.6015625, 1.09375, 0.451171875, -0.474609375, 0.0927734375, 0.703125, -2.359375, 0.494140625, 1.609375, 2.359375, -1.2890625, -0.8828125, -0.953125, 0.146484375, 2.046875, 0.26953125, 0.3671875, -0.345703125, -0.40625, -0.796875, -0.62109375, 1.0390625, 0.71484375, 0.1123046875, 1.953125, 0.06787109375, -1.1796875, -1.6328125, -0.77734375, -0.72265625, 0.322265625, 1.5859375, 0.6640625, -0.23828125, -0.051025390625, 1.703125, 0.396484375, -0.58203125, -0.734375, 0.09912109375, -0.1943359375, -1.3359375, 1.234375, 0.56640625, 0.87890625, 0.91015625, -0.5703125, 0.640625, -0.36328125, 0.85546875, -1.0859375, -0.609375, 0.1611328125, 1.7734375, -0.7734375, -0.88671875, -0.5, -0.34765625, 1.1640625, -2.46875, -1.328125, 0.8125, 1.21875, -0.462890625, -0.54296875, -0.2578125, 0.3828125, 0.1328125, 0.271484375, -0.65234375, -0.08154296875, 0.21875, 1.125, -0.2109375, -0.291015625, 0.2314453125, -0.2099609375, 0.0027618408203125, 0.671875, 0.353515625, -0.80078125, 0.263671875, -0.087890625, -0.271484375, 1.25, -0.2021484375, 1.09375, -0.890625, -0.9140625, -1, -0.5625, 0.2373046875, -0.7421875, 0.625, 0.271484375, 2.078125, -0.41796875, 0.84765625, 0.8203125, 1.09375, -0.3984375, -0.00110626220703125, 0.72265625, -0.34765625, -0.55859375, 0.0634765625, -0.220703125, 0.828125, -1.8984375, -0.64453125, -0.546875, -0.5390625, 0.1748046875, -0.94921875, 1.21875, -2.046875, 0.375, 0.466796875, 0.76953125, -1.1953125, -0.703125, 1.640625, -0.298828125, -0.76953125, 0.74609375, -1.4609375, 0.65625, 0.37890625, -1.6640625, 0.08642578125, -1.53125, -0.78515625, 0.6640625, -0.7578125, -0.91015625, 1.703125, 1.3359375, 1.2265625, 0.83203125, -0.4609375, 1.5078125, 1.1875, -0.08984375, 0.8203125, -1.8203125, -0.734375, 1.5859375, 1.578125, 1.890625, 1.65625, -1.2890625, 0.88671875, -0.466796875, 0.86328125, -1.421875, -0.37109375, 0.51953125, -0.0791015625, 0.4921875, 0.1083984375, 0.74609375, 0.130859375, 0.171875, 1.6328125, 1.7734375, 0.67578125, -0.90625, 0.8125, -1.0234375, 0.671875, -0.52734375, -0.6171875, -0.2001953125, 0.94140625, 0.5546875, 0.62109375, -1.5546875, -0.35546875, 1.0390625, 0.490234375, -0.09814453125, 0.8046875, 0.72265625, -0.984375, -0.025390625, 0.3984375, 0.2197265625, 1.6796875, -0.35546875, 0.267578125, 0.059814453125, 1.9296875, 1.1796875, -0.275390625, 0.7890625, 0.1806640625, 0.6953125, -0.796875, -0.765625, 1.2421875, 1.3671875, -0.44921875, -0.44921875, -0.10400390625, 1.828125, 1.8828125, -0.412109375, -0.267578125, -0.193359375, -1.453125, -0.98046875, -0.40625, 1.078125, 0.482421875, 0.0020294189453125, 0.333984375, -0.72265625, 0.66796875, 1.234375, -1, 0.7265625, 0.21484375, -1.1171875, -1.2734375, -0.82421875, 1.234375, 0.50390625, 1.2109375, -0.8203125, -0.66796875, 2.625, -0.85546875, 1.875, -0.2216796875, -1.15625, 0.5546875, 0.8203125, 2.21875, 0.375, 0.302734375, 0.99609375, 0.07763671875, 1, 0.50390625, -0.486328125, -1.8828125, -0.65234375, -1.0234375, -0.326171875, 1.0078125, 0.88671875, 0.259765625, 0.80078125, -2.46875, -0.921875, -0.9765625, 0.76171875, -0.47265625, 0.99609375, -1.859375, 1.234375, -1.0078125, 2.1875, 1.8671875, 0.953125, -0.5390625, -1.4140625, 1.4140625, -2.09375, -1.1015625, -0.27734375, 0.216796875, -2.5, 0.1826171875, -0.169921875, -1.6015625, 1.546875, 1.2578125, -1.3828125, -0.458984375, 0.388671875, -0.392578125, -1.203125, 0.1064453125, -0.1005859375, 0.1982421875, -0.54296875, -1.3828125, -0.353515625, 0.640625, 0.2392578125, 0.74609375, -0.447265625, -0.9375, -0.765625, 0.51953125, 0.890625, -0.55859375, 0.2216796875, 1.53125, -0.48828125, 0.5078125, 0.1689453125, 0.60546875, 0.55859375, -1.53125, 0.92578125, 0.5078125, 1.25, -1.59375, 1.375, 0.5078125, -2.484375, -0.01385498046875, 1.1640625, 0.53125, 1.1640625, 2.3125, -0.53125, -1.1875, -0.94921875, 1.359375, -0.9609375, 0.64453125, 0.93359375, 0.42578125, -2.59375, 0.8671875, -2.796875, -0.91796875, -1.2578125, -0.1220703125, -0.427734375, -0.259765625, -0.047119140625, 1.296875, -0.279296875, 0.73828125, -0.06591796875, 0.265625, 1.15625, 1.3828125, -1.34375, -0.294921875, 0.5703125, 1.1015625, -0.17578125, -1.2578125, 0.53125, 0.1689453125, 1.1328125, -0.859375, -0.08544921875, -0.88671875, -0.2412109375, 1.234375, 1.296875, 0.7890625, -1.0234375, -0.65625, 1.671875, 2.390625, 1.2578125, -1.90625, -0.87890625, 0.1494140625, -0.8671875, -0.03076171875, -0.33203125, 0.77734375, -0.037109375, 0.71484375, 0.5078125, 0.2275390625, -0.75, -0.36328125, 1.0625, 0.890625, 0.59765625, 0.92578125, -1.4609375, -0.84375, -0.421875, -1.21875, -1.46875, -0.7578125, 0.83203125, -0.8359375, 0.4765625, -1.296875, -0.46875, -0.36328125, 0.94921875, 0.423828125, -0.05712890625, -0.89453125, -0.34375, 2.21875, 1.1640625, -0.62890625, -0.21484375, 1.109375, -0.7265625, -1.2578125, -1.3671875, -0.35546875, 0.8984375, 1.1015625, -0.64453125, 1.734375, -0.44140625, 0.42578125, 1.5625, -1.0078125, -0.251953125, 0.140625, 0.98046875, 0.7734375, 0.37890625, -0.1181640625, -1.015625, 0.369140625, 0.58984375, 2.640625, -1.0234375, -0.83984375, 0.52734375, -0.765625, 0.91015625, -0.1748046875, 0.15234375, 0.98828125, -0.578125, -1.1796875, 1.265625, 0.2236328125, 0.5625, -0.734375, -0.0189208984375, -0.30859375, -0.271484375, 0.51171875, -1.484375, 0.0703125, -0.1337890625, -0.66796875, -0.7890625, -0.0830078125, 1.1953125, 0.224609375, 1.015625, 0.98046875, 2.859375, 0.50390625, -0.369140625, 1.328125, 0.375, -1.15625, -1.6015625, 1.2578125, -1.0703125, 0.765625, -0.404296875, -1.6328125, 1.875, 0.8984375, -0.427734375, -0.1201171875, -0.88671875, 1.3125, -0.73828125, 0.41796875, -1.4296875, 1.46875, -0.5625, 0.296875, -0.890625, -1.5078125, 1.4375, 0.9765625, 1.1015625, 1.3203125, 0.197265625, 0.8203125, 1.6328125, -0.380859375, 0.82421875, -0.357421875, 0.484375, -1.171875, -0.64453125, 0.0274658203125, 0.7265625, 0.240234375, -1.0625, -1.390625, -0.279296875, -0.92578125, -0.08203125, -0.435546875, 2.078125, 1.296875, 1.9453125, -0.046142578125, 0.27734375, 1.1796875, 0.60546875, -0.51171875, -1.5546875, 0.478515625, -0.67578125, -2.1875, 0.90625, 1.1171875, 0.95703125, 1.09375, 0.81640625, -0.010009765625, -0.79296875, -0.75, -0.498046875, 2.640625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1527024319
RDMAS: a web server for RNA deleterious mutation analysis
Abstract Background The diverse functions of ncRNAs critically depend on their structures. Mutations in ncRNAs disrupting the structures of functional sites are expected to be deleterious. RNA deleterious mutations have attracted wide attentions because some of them in cells result in serious disease, and some others in microbes influence their fitness. Results The RDMAS web server we describe here is an online tool for evaluating structural deleteriousness of single nucleotide mutation in RNA genes. Several structure comparison methods have been integrated; sub-optimal structures predicted can be optionally involved to mitigate the uncertainty of secondary structure prediction. With a user-friendly interface, the web application is easy to use. Intuitive illustrations are provided along with the original computational results to facilitate quick analysis. Conclusion RDMAS can be used to explore the structure alterations which cause mutations pathogenic, and to predict deleterious mutations which may help to determine the functionally critical regions. RDMAS is freely accessed via http://biosrv1.bmi.ac.cn/rdmas .
[ 1.109375, 1.8828125, 2.234375, 0.0517578125, 0.53125, -0.3984375, -1.375, -0.0634765625, 0.96875, 0.384765625, -0.8359375, -0.375, 1.8828125, -0.52734375, 1.453125, 1.25, 0.12158203125, -0.2216796875, -0.142578125, 0.0888671875, -1.203125, -0.259765625, -2.125, 0.1484375, 0.734375, 0.91796875, -0.52734375, -0.1474609375, 0.61328125, 2.203125, 1.1796875, 0.216796875, 0.23046875, -0.039794921875, -0.62109375, 0.40625, 0.08056640625, 0.5703125, 0.91796875, 0.04541015625, -0.251953125, -0.83203125, 1.4609375, -0.353515625, -0.625, 1.609375, 0.30859375, 0.4609375, -0.76171875, -1.5234375, 1.0546875, 0.86328125, 0.94140625, -0.384765625, -0.1337890625, 0.1455078125, -2.9375, -0.337890625, 1.1171875, 0.36328125, -0.451171875, -0.53125, 1.59375, 0.1630859375, 0.1923828125, 0.640625, -0.99609375, -0.193359375, -0.302734375, -0.6953125, 1.09375, -0.4921875, -1.234375, -0.2294921875, 0.5234375, 0.0206298828125, 0.62890625, 1.421875, 0.3984375, -0.1943359375, 1.046875, -1.65625, 0.458984375, -1.2578125, -0.640625, 2.59375, 0.73828125, 1.140625, 2.625, 1.125, -0.484375, -0.06689453125, -0.482421875, -0.0849609375, -0.0152587890625, -1.0546875, 0.3125, 1.1796875, -1.296875, 0.447265625, -0.8828125, 0.53125, 0.265625, -1.3671875, 1.09375, 1.109375, -1.109375, 0.6640625, 0.1875, 0.609375, 0.19921875, 0.6796875, -0.5859375, 0.0322265625, 0.97265625, -0.77734375, -0.298828125, 0.439453125, -0.953125, 0.50390625, 0.8203125, -1.890625, -0.26171875, -0.7578125, 1.1328125, 1.5, -0.515625, -0.6640625, 1.1171875, 0.25, 1.109375, 0.0283203125, -0.1328125, 0.6875, 0.6953125, -0.5078125, -1.2421875, 0.31640625, -0.41796875, 0.7265625, -0.71484375, 0.04833984375, -0.177734375, -1.46875, -1.7734375, -1.359375, 1.1953125, -0.90625, -0.1728515625, 0.63671875, -0.6484375, -0.671875, -0.37890625, 1.7421875, 2.34375, 1.34375, -1.8515625, 0.703125, -0.9453125, 1.140625, -0.70703125, -0.412109375, 0.3046875, 0.255859375, -0.71875, 0.052978515625, -1.2421875, 0.78515625, 0.0654296875, 0.2578125, 0.130859375, -3.140625, -0.6328125, -0.60546875, 0.08251953125, -1.0078125, -1.234375, 1.015625, 1.1875, -1.5703125, 0.498046875, 2.1875, -0.07470703125, -0.421875, 0.95703125, 2.515625, -0.50390625, -1.3515625, -0.146484375, 1.1328125, 1.328125, -1.4609375, -1.6953125, 1.2890625, -0.13671875, 0.76953125, 0.302734375, 0.84765625, -1.890625, -0.04052734375, -1.046875, 0.5, -0.462890625, -2.171875, 0.00396728515625, -0.64453125, -0.404296875, 0.177734375, 0.6640625, 1.8203125, -0.83203125, -2.484375, -0.5234375, 0.041015625, -1.4609375, 1.328125, -0.78515625, 1.4296875, -0.5546875, -2.15625, 0.453125, -0.13671875, -0.625, -0.228515625, -0.55859375, -1.046875, -1.8515625, -0.4453125, -1.3984375, 1.328125, 0.56640625, -1.765625, 0.283203125, 0.54296875, -1.1640625, 0.36328125, 0.0888671875, -1, 1.4921875, 0.435546875, -0.12109375, 0.1904296875, 0.470703125, 1.53125, 0.61328125, -0.7578125, 1.0390625, -0.19921875, 0.023193359375, 0.267578125, 0.8125, 0.244140625, -0.4296875, -0.224609375, -1.25, 0.76953125, 0.73828125, -0.703125, -0.02880859375, -2.28125, 0.94921875, 1.1640625, -0.625, 1.2109375, -1.546875, -0.98046875, -1.25, 0.73046875, -2.125, 0.109375, -0.146484375, 0.158203125, 0.3359375, -0.4140625, 0.68359375, 0.35546875, 0.0113525390625, -2.109375, -0.1689453125, -0.58984375, -0.9609375, -1.3203125, -0.2041015625, -0.515625, 1.1796875, 1.3046875, -0.474609375, 2.15625, 1.4453125, 0.984375, -0.796875, -0.283203125, -1.7421875, -0.35546875, 0.80078125, -0.58984375, 0.93359375, 2.4375, 0.16015625, -0.8984375, 1.5703125, 1.0390625, -1.71875, -0.62109375, 1.2265625, -0.2353515625, -1.6484375, 0.37109375, 0.232421875, 3.03125, 0.10107421875, 3.34375, 0.546875, 0.341796875, -0.494140625, 2.703125, 0.5859375, -0.8125, 0.828125, 0.19140625, 1.2734375, 1.9375, 1.6484375, 1.5859375, -0.00994873046875, -0.2177734375, -0.12890625, 0.06884765625, 0.0225830078125, 1.0078125, -0.32421875, -0.0255126953125, 0.255859375, -1.6484375, 1.0625, 1.4921875, -0.9375, -1.0078125, 1.9375, -1.9921875, 0.2333984375, -1.4375, 0.25390625, -1.3984375, 0.65625, -0.251953125, -0.546875, -0.220703125, 1.421875, -2.25, -0.671875, 0.625, 1.5546875, 0.453125, 0.98828125, 0.76953125, -0.045654296875, -0.70703125, -0.0322265625, -0.2431640625, 0.4375, -1.0078125, -0.447265625, 0.85546875, -0.49609375, 0.91796875, 2.234375, -0.306640625, -0.76953125, -0.388671875, 1.0390625, -0.79296875, 0.365234375, -0.98828125, 0.61328125, 3.109375, -0.6484375, -0.75, 0.087890625, 1.8125, -0.4609375, -0.451171875, -0.2490234375, 0.859375, 1.8984375, 0.99609375, -0.058349609375, 1.515625, 0.5390625, 0.353515625, 1.578125, -1.2265625, -0.8203125, 0.162109375, -1.015625, -0.03662109375, 1.140625, -0.74609375, 1.15625, -0.50390625, 0.2294921875, 1.8984375, 1.0625, -0.91796875, -1.921875, 0.447265625, -2.125, -1.109375, 0.1083984375, 1.2890625, -0.16796875, 0.765625, 0.53515625, 0.5, 1.6015625, -0.3828125, 0.388671875, -0.302734375, 0.349609375, 0.044189453125, 0.98828125, 1.2265625, -0.4765625, 0.484375, -0.7421875, 1.3671875, 0.72265625, 1.1015625, -0.37109375, -0.039306640625, 1.15625, 0.033203125, 0.99609375, -0.78515625, 1.1953125, -0.404296875, 1.03125, 0.06494140625, -2.515625, 1.640625, 0.9375, -0.34375, 0.70703125, 0.3515625, 0.5546875, 2.609375, -1.828125, 0.40625, 0.69140625, 2.140625, 1.3203125, -1.71875, -1.234375, -1.6796875, 1.09375, 0.10400390625, -0.95703125, 0.58203125, -0.83203125, -0.625, 0.95703125, -1.53125, -1.5390625, -0.2216796875, 0.404296875, -0.2119140625, 0.50390625, -0.0026092529296875, -1.046875, 1.5625, 1.5078125, 0.7109375, -0.55859375, 0.236328125, 0.57421875, 1.2890625, -0.47265625, 0.306640625, 0.63671875, -0.02783203125, 0.515625, 0.451171875, 0.72265625, 1.4296875, 1.796875, -0.46484375, -1.484375, -0.90625, -1.015625, -1.296875, 0.208984375, -0.392578125, 0.27734375, 0.1123046875, 1.4765625, -0.361328125, 0.0859375, 1.046875, -1.8359375, 1.0703125, 1.140625, -1.109375, -2.140625, -0.78515625, -0.64453125, -0.74609375, 0.765625, 0.61328125, -0.419921875, 0.9453125, 0.78515625, 2.640625, -1.828125, -2.296875, 0.357421875, 1.8125, 1.328125, 1.6640625, -0.298828125, -1.0546875, 0.283203125, -1.546875, 1.171875, 0.625, 0.220703125, 0.330078125, -0.224609375, 0.71875, 0.416015625, -2.125, -0.388671875, -0.609375, 0.96875, 0.77734375, -1.28125, -1.1953125, 0.98046875, 0.3203125, 0.07470703125, -0.94140625, -1.9140625, 0.038330078125, -0.451171875, -0.640625, 0.498046875, -0.2041015625, 0.267578125, 2.15625, -0.08642578125, 0.1884765625, -3.015625, 0.33203125, 0.2734375, -0.55078125, -0.828125, 1.8046875, 0.41796875, -2.609375, 0.1962890625, -0.83984375, 0.36328125, -1.734375, -0.466796875, 2.578125, 0.4765625, -0.416015625, -0.59765625, -0.74609375, 1.6171875, -0.1923828125, 1.34375, -0.94921875, 0.038330078125, 0.89453125, 2.953125, -1.734375, -1.484375, -0.75, -0.2578125, 0.53125, 0.5390625, 0.76171875, 0.8515625, 0.84765625, -0.271484375, 0.81640625, 3.125, -0.2021484375, 1.3828125, -0.451171875, -0.3125, -1.421875, 0.703125, -0.66796875, -0.75390625, -1.1171875, 1.140625, 0.69140625, 0.546875, -0.2060546875, -1.4140625, -0.259765625, -0.8125, 1.1484375, -0.08984375, -0.490234375, -0.29296875, -0.79296875, -0.5078125, 0.734375, -2.375, -1.1328125, 1.1640625, 1.265625, 0.9765625, -0.0888671875, 0.390625, -1.7734375, 0.091796875, 0.78515625, -0.6796875, 0.453125, -0.033935546875, 1.7421875, -0.79296875, -1.2578125, -0.349609375, -1.328125, -0.38671875, 0.9921875, -0.263671875, 0.95703125, 0.81640625, -0.75, -0.451171875, -1.5234375, -0.50390625, 3.078125, 1.2109375, -0.515625, 2.953125, 1.5, 1.0625, -1.125, -0.384765625, 1.2421875, -2.359375, -1.2421875, -0.032958984375, 0.99609375, -0.89453125, 1.03125, -0.69921875, -0.296875, -1.2734375, 1.125, -1.703125, 1.0390625, -0.88671875, -0.28515625, 0.35546875, -0.1650390625, -1.4921875, 0.11767578125, -0.466796875, 0.765625, -0.1689453125, -0.6171875, -1.9609375, 0.55859375, 0.2197265625, 1.1015625, 0.04736328125, 1.484375, 0.34765625, -0.67578125, -0.62890625, 2.375, -1.9140625, 1.546875, 1.6796875, -0.61328125, -1.1953125, -0.27734375, -0.0069580078125, 0.890625, -1.765625, -0.85546875, 0.494140625, -0.30078125, -0.765625, -1.0078125, 0.451171875, 2.671875, 0.64453125, -0.11767578125, -0.5390625, 0.23046875, 0.97265625, -1.2421875, 0.1474609375, 0.6953125, 1.28125, -0.359375, 0.2138671875, -0.41015625, 1.1953125, 0.48828125, -0.92578125, -0.1943359375, -0.4140625, -0.5625, 0.46484375, 0.81640625, 1.8515625, 0.28515625, 1.3671875, 0.05810546875, -1.03125, 0.34765625, 0.1572265625, 0.4609375, 0.043701171875, -0.333984375, -0.65625, -0.8984375, -1.015625, -0.478515625, -0.43359375, 0.462890625, 0.875, -1.5078125, 0.130859375, -0.0260009765625, -0.1484375, 1.3515625, -0.31640625, 0.578125, 0.33203125, 0.171875, -1.90625, 1.6171875, 1.6953125, 0.3984375, 1.4453125, 0.20703125, 0.013427734375, -0.74609375, -0.78125, -0.1611328125, -0.447265625, 0.9765625, -0.8359375, 0.53515625, 0.4140625, -1.59375, -0.8828125, -1.0234375, -0.1240234375, -2.609375, 0.2265625, -1.71875, 0.330078125, -1.640625, 0.8828125, 0.765625, -0.416015625, -1.09375, 1.2578125, 0.5703125, -1.1171875, -1.1328125, 0.59375, 1.09375, -0.058837890625, -0.1318359375, 0.2216796875, -0.7109375, 1.0078125, 0.3828125, -2.234375, -1.65625, 0.60546875, 1.140625, -0.78515625, 1.2109375, -1.1953125, -1.46875, 0.1337890625, -1.5390625, -1.265625, 0.8671875, -0.546875, 0.035888671875, -0.890625, 1.203125, -0.5703125, 0.83203125, -0.2734375, 0.78125, 1.484375, 0.54296875, 1.1875, 2.078125, -1.953125, 0.82421875, 1.3671875, 0.341796875, -1.0078125, 0.458984375, -0.11328125, -0.890625, 1.625, 0.87109375, -0.150390625, 0.080078125, 0.80078125, 0.322265625, 1.7421875, -0.361328125, -1.0390625, 0.35546875, 0.6796875, 0.74609375, -0.048095703125, 1.609375, 0.02685546875, -0.75, -2.953125, 1.7109375, -2.984375, -1.328125, -2.59375, -1.21875, 1.1015625, -0.625, 0.1455078125, 1.0625, -1.1875, 2.234375, 1.4609375, 1.375, 1.5625, 0.796875, -0.74609375, 0.02734375, -0.07373046875, -0.291015625, -1.140625, -0.875, 0.6875, -0.259765625, 0.34765625, -0.4296875, 0.890625, -0.765625, 0.36328125, -0.78515625, 0.466796875, -0.328125, 1.1171875, -0.111328125, 1.1015625, 2.265625, -0.625, -1.9296875, 0.265625, 0.1708984375, -0.0301513671875, -0.201171875, -0.65625, -0.8515625, 2.265625, 0.99609375, -0.4453125, 0.1484375, -0.6953125, -0.6484375, 0.75, 1.1328125, -1.296875, -0.91796875, -1.7890625, 1.3671875, 0.6484375, -1.0625, -0.1796875, 0.7578125, -0.80078125, -0.392578125, 1.4375, -1.765625, -1.8671875, -0.396484375, 0.384765625, 1.6328125, -0.369140625, 0.921875, -0.75390625, 1.609375, 0.62890625, -0.4765625, -0.039794921875, 1.9375, -2.3125, -0.73828125, -0.3046875, -0.1279296875, -0.46875, 1.125, -0.71875, -0.1455078125, 1.4921875, -0.60546875, 1.6640625, 0.67578125, 0.349609375, 0.248046875, 1.3359375, 0.78515625, -0.470703125, -0.94140625, -1.0625, -1.1484375, -1.359375, -0.58984375, -1.6328125, -0.2177734375, -0.416015625, -0.1904296875, -2.34375, 0.95703125, 0.53125, -0.09814453125, -1.6171875, -2.359375, -0.76953125, 0.470703125, 0.81640625, 0.384765625, 1.78125, 0.921875, 0.37109375, -0.310546875, -0.2265625, 2.578125, 0.263671875, 0.431640625, 0.29296875, -0.2255859375, -1.296875, -0.671875, 0.546875, -0.240234375, 1.9765625, 0.0400390625, -0.337890625, 1.5546875, -0.384765625, -0.37890625, -0.70703125, 0.255859375, -2.015625, 0.78515625, -0.044189453125, -1.484375, 0.484375, 2.359375, 0.51171875, -0.6796875, -0.291015625, 1.6875, -0.333984375, -0.328125, -0.59765625, -0.17578125, -0.55078125, 0.765625, -0.333984375, -0.55859375, 0.043701171875, 1.2421875, -0.796875, 0.466796875, -0.734375, 0.0556640625, 0.69921875, 1.2578125, 0.5859375, -0.47265625, 0.07373046875, -0.62890625, -0.42578125, 0.494140625, -2.171875, -0.478515625, -0.1064453125, -0.328125, 0.79296875, -1.3828125, -1.7890625, 0.08056640625, 1.0703125, 0.6875, 2.5625, -1.0546875, 2.65625, 0.515625, 0.0120849609375, 1.03125, -2.296875, 1.5, -2.671875, -1.3828125, 0.484375, 0.8671875, -0.8828125, 1.4921875, 0.1494140625, 1.734375, -1.5234375, -0.1943359375, 0.91796875, 1.59375 ]
https://openalex.org/W1527092281
Influence of asimadoline, a new κ‐opioid receptor agonist, on tubular water absorption and vasopressin secretion in man
Aims The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of asimadoline, a new κ ‐opioid agonist, on renal function and on hormones related to body fluid balance as well as its tolerability in healthy subjects. Methods In a placebo‐controlled, randomised, double‐blind crossover design we studied the effects of single oral doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg of asimadoline, in 24 healthy volunteers. Two hour control urine collections were followed by 2 h postdose urine collections and subsequently 2.5% saline was given i.v. at a rate of 0.3 ml min −1 kg −1 during another 2 h urine collection. Blood was obtained hourly. Arginine‐vasopressin (AVP), atrial natriuretic peptide (α‐hANP), endothelin (ET‐1) and cAMP were determined by r.i.a. or ELISA. Results GC‐MS measurements revealed C max values of asimadoline in plasma ranging from 18 ng ml −1 at the 1 mg dose, 91 ng ml −1 at the 5 mg dose, to 214 ng ml −1 at the 10 mg dose after an average of 1.1–1.4 h. Without effects on blood pressure, heart rate, GFR or urine electrolyte excretion, urine volume increased after 1–2 h after administration of 5 and 10 mg asimadoline from 3.3 ± 1.3 to 5.6 ± 1.4 ( P &lt; 0.05) and from 3.2 ± 1.6 to 5.5 ± 2.2 ml min −1 ( P &lt; 0.01), respectively. C H2O rose from 0.2 ± 1.5 to 2.0 ± 1.6 ( P &lt; 0.05) and from 0.6 ± 1.6 to 3.0 ± 1.6 ml min −1 ( P &lt; 0.01). Urinary excretion of AVP was suppressed only with the 10 mg dose from 46 ± 23 to 25 ± 15 fmol min −1 ( P &lt; 0.05) without and from 410 ± 206 to 181 ± 125 fmol min −1 ( P &lt; 0.05) with stimulation by 2.5% saline. Plasma AVP was suppressed only by the 10 mg dose of asimadoline in six of eight subjects during the 2.5% saline infusion. Changes in the α‐hANP or ET‐1 systems were not affected by asimadoline. Conclusions Asimadoline is diuretic in man after single doses of 5 or 10 mg probably through a direct effect at the renal tubular level. Suppression of AVP secretion was observed only at the highest dose level of 10 mg of asimadoline.
[ 0.51171875, 1.2421875, -0.34765625, -1.828125, -0.89453125, 0.546875, -1.984375, 1.0625, -0.490234375, 0.2890625, -1.03125, 1.6171875, 0.31640625, 0.40625, 0.796875, 0.79296875, -1.265625, -0.6015625, -1.0390625, -0.7578125, -0.8046875, -0.2265625, -1.3671875, -0.1689453125, 0.439453125, 1.375, -0.1552734375, -1.9453125, 0.1962890625, 1.125, 0.169921875, 2.328125, -1.71875, -0.9140625, 0.83984375, 0.6953125, 0.9453125, -0.9375, 0.56640625, -0.609375, 0.8671875, 0.03955078125, 0.2333984375, -0.51171875, -0.1396484375, -0.09716796875, -0.86328125, -0.953125, -0.416015625, 0.265625, 0.107421875, -0.10791015625, 1.203125, -0.37109375, -1.703125, 0.84375, -2.1875, -0.65625, 0.5, -0.41015625, 0.90625, -0.408203125, 0.76953125, 0.11962890625, -0.51171875, -0.84375, 0.0791015625, -0.2080078125, 0.671875, 0.271484375, 2.5625, 0.35546875, -1.5859375, 1.0703125, 0.326171875, 0.1640625, -0.8359375, -0.30859375, 0.7265625, 1.4140625, -1.3125, -0.90625, -0.08642578125, 1.4453125, -0.337890625, 0.51171875, 0.91796875, 0.1142578125, 1.328125, 0.98046875, -0.482421875, -0.236328125, -0.6328125, -0.11376953125, -0.328125, 0.2490234375, 1.2421875, -0.95703125, -1.2734375, 1.515625, -0.36328125, 0.96484375, -0.51171875, -0.244140625, -0.84765625, 1.3203125, -0.49609375, -0.50390625, -0.06494140625, -0.37109375, -0.09814453125, 1.1796875, 1.1328125, -0.78515625, 0.28125, -0.0267333984375, 0.67578125, 1.6015625, -0.83984375, -2.046875, -0.189453125, -0.94921875, -0.478515625, -1.328125, 1.1953125, 1.6640625, -1.203125, 0.69140625, 0.73046875, -1.2421875, -0.67578125, -0.103515625, -0.0390625, 1.53125, 0.1943359375, -0.6171875, 1.1875, 1.875, -0.2041015625, 0.5234375, 1.203125, 1.4609375, -0.2392578125, 0.169921875, -1.0703125, -0.88671875, -0.208984375, -0.69921875, -1.15625, 0.96484375, 1.3203125, 0.0166015625, -0.8359375, 1.6484375, 1.4375, 0.2373046875, -0.19140625, 1.3671875, -0.427734375, -0.294921875, -0.33984375, -0.42578125, 0.9296875, 0.296875, -0.58984375, 0.5546875, -0.337890625, 0.51171875, 0.8671875, -0.0108642578125, -2.703125, -1.1640625, 0.7578125, 1.046875, 1.0078125, -1.96875, -1.7578125, -0.51953125, -0.365234375, -0.34375, -0.25, 0.322265625, -1.0625, -0.96875, 0.25390625, 2.515625, 0.6015625, -0.6640625, -0.33984375, 0.337890625, 0.86328125, -1.3984375, -1.1796875, 2.109375, 0.47265625, 0.01220703125, 0.1923828125, 1.4375, -0.408203125, 0.283203125, -1.2734375, 1.125, -0.08837890625, 1.359375, 0.77734375, 0.63671875, 0.984375, 0.9921875, 2.40625, 1.5234375, -1.1484375, -1.609375, 0.78515625, -0.259765625, 0.67578125, -1.5078125, -0.173828125, 1.4296875, 1.4296875, -0.82421875, 1.640625, 0.353515625, -0.54296875, -0.75, -0.66015625, -2.125, 0.72265625, 0.90625, -0.734375, 0.408203125, 0.4921875, 0.1904296875, -0.0869140625, -0.240234375, -1.0859375, 0.0869140625, -0.53515625, 0.55078125, 1.171875, 0.12109375, 0.578125, 0.0274658203125, 0.208984375, 0.412109375, 0.54296875, 0.9296875, 0.6171875, 0.1279296875, -1.15625, 1.296875, 1.5390625, 0.11181640625, 0.32421875, 0.173828125, -0.97265625, 0.1875, 0.1669921875, -1.1796875, 1.5625, 0.40625, -0.408203125, -0.73046875, -0.71484375, 0.10595703125, 0.5390625, -0.91796875, -1.40625, 0.490234375, -1.546875, -0.90625, 0.3984375, -0.53125, 0.77734375, 0.484375, 1.2890625, 0.330078125, -0.73046875, 0.3515625, 0.23046875, -0.69140625, -1.3203125, -0.8125, 0.0252685546875, -0.146484375, -0.6796875, 1.4140625, 1.5546875, 1.28125, -1.421875, -1.7265625, -0.8828125, 0.95703125, -0.244140625, 0.90234375, -1.375, -0.044189453125, 1.359375, 1.5390625, 2.578125, -0.287109375, -0.7109375, 0.55859375, -1.1640625, -0.61328125, 1.453125, -1.078125, -1.5703125, -1.9453125, 0.83984375, 0.443359375, 0.328125, -0.318359375, -0.5, 1.3125, 0.375, 0.2236328125, 0.58203125, -1.6953125, 0.87890625, -0.134765625, 0.8203125, 0.029541015625, 1.2890625, 0.6171875, 0.89453125, -0.41015625, 0.06884765625, -0.625, -0.52734375, 1.2421875, 0.03515625, -0.81640625, 0.890625, -1.2890625, -2.125, 0.255859375, -1.625, -0.306640625, 1.65625, 0.7265625, 1.484375, -0.65625, -0.53125, -1.453125, -0.51953125, 0.2001953125, 1.78125, 0.25390625, 0.859375, -0.87890625, -0.53515625, -0.80859375, 1.0078125, -0.7734375, -0.443359375, 0.8046875, 2.65625, -0.40625, 0.84765625, -0.2734375, 0.166015625, -0.431640625, 0.6796875, 1.2578125, 1.078125, 1.078125, 0.1435546875, -0.11572265625, 1.109375, -0.236328125, 1.125, -1.171875, -0.6953125, 0.9296875, -0.1484375, 1.765625, -0.04150390625, -1.3359375, 1.09375, 1.015625, -1.40625, 1.34375, -0.7890625, -0.6875, 0.83203125, 1.3828125, 0.90234375, -0.2353515625, 0.9921875, 1.8671875, 1.796875, -1.484375, -1.546875, -0.14453125, 0.78125, -0.62890625, 0.83203125, -0.0002079010009765625, -0.4921875, -0.9453125, 1.421875, -0.1591796875, -0.099609375, -0.005615234375, -0.26953125, 0.478515625, 0.34765625, -0.224609375, -0.400390625, 0.37890625, -0.52734375, -0.166015625, 0.00531005859375, -0.62890625, 0.515625, -0.353515625, -0.41796875, -1.625, -0.65625, -0.515625, 0.0244140625, -0.57421875, 0.474609375, -0.205078125, 0.40625, 1.0546875, 0.71875, -0.2451171875, -1.390625, -0.025146484375, 1.671875, 0.03662109375, -0.83203125, -0.18359375, 0.1123046875, -0.421875, 2.234375, -0.8125, -1.1328125, 1.1015625, 0.0289306640625, 0.0191650390625, 0.3671875, 1.7578125, 0.7578125, 1.0703125, -0.5234375, 0.90234375, 1.640625, 1.8203125, -0.00738525390625, -1.3046875, -1.0078125, 0.1865234375, -0.91796875, 0.2392578125, -0.3359375, 0.3046875, -0.890625, -0.5078125, -0.220703125, 0.19140625, 0.002532958984375, -0.765625, 0.8984375, 0.23828125, 0.466796875, -0.53515625, -0.02978515625, 1.484375, 1.2890625, 0.8203125, -0.53515625, -0.91015625, -0.86328125, -0.71875, -0.034423828125, 1.7734375, 0.921875, -0.1962890625, 0.6484375, -0.84375, -0.435546875, 0.546875, 0.578125, 0.88671875, -2.609375, 0.322265625, 0.4453125, -1.265625, 0.12060546875, 1.0703125, 0.55078125, 0.76953125, 1.140625, -0.390625, -0.546875, 0.73828125, 1, 1.40625, 0.92578125, -1.484375, -2.171875, -0.5859375, 1.90625, -0.953125, -0.80078125, 0.0244140625, -1.8125, 0.423828125, 2.140625, 0.66015625, -0.40234375, -0.546875, -0.466796875, -0.384765625, 0.6640625, 0.8125, 1.1171875, -0.279296875, 1.15625, -1.2890625, -0.7265625, 1.328125, 2.078125, -0.1728515625, 1.3984375, -0.8203125, 0.04931640625, -0.43359375, -0.75, 0.15625, 1.1640625, 0.6640625, 0.671875, -0.8359375, 0.37109375, -0.189453125, 0.359375, -0.10888671875, -0.7578125, -0.5703125, -0.953125, 0.1513671875, 1.2265625, 1.203125, -0.2158203125, 0.87890625, 0.51171875, 0.9296875, -1.3203125, 1.359375, -0.6640625, -0.51953125, -0.5390625, -0.73828125, -1.078125, -0.91796875, 0.337890625, -0.703125, 0.099609375, -0.46875, -0.59375, 0.78125, -0.2490234375, -0.28515625, -1.1640625, -0.388671875, -0.73046875, -0.435546875, -0.296875, 0.51953125, -1.2578125, -0.68359375, 2.53125, -0.412109375, -1.2734375, -0.1064453125, 1.234375, -0.050048828125, 0.9765625, -0.056884765625, -0.490234375, 1.03125, -0.462890625, -0.30078125, 1.0234375, 0.08740234375, 1.015625, -1.78125, -0.98046875, -0.328125, -0.6875, 1.0390625, 0.90234375, 0.5078125, 0.6953125, 0.93359375, 0.84765625, -0.921875, -0.169921875, 1.2265625, -0.1708984375, 0.06298828125, 0.059814453125, -0.609375, 0.296875, 0.026611328125, 0.8203125, 1.1328125, -0.38671875, -0.7265625, -0.5859375, -0.423828125, 1.0625, -0.93359375, -0.12451171875, -0.81640625, 0.94921875, -0.69921875, -0.10693359375, -0.189453125, -0.474609375, 1.8828125, 1.015625, -1.6875, 0.9921875, -0.9609375, 0.1689453125, -0.431640625, -1.0546875, 0.52734375, -0.69921875, -0.9921875, -0.006103515625, -0.06689453125, 0.0216064453125, 0.59765625, 0.447265625, -0.8828125, 1.5546875, 0.486328125, 0.2109375, -0.66015625, 0.0927734375, 0.94921875, -0.396484375, -1.3515625, -0.50390625, 1.3125, -0.4375, -0.314453125, -0.287109375, 0.640625, 0.74609375, 0.79296875, -0.91015625, 0.130859375, 0.8984375, -0.6640625, 0.30859375, 0.484375, 0.01318359375, -0.447265625, 1.7734375, 1.6875, -0.6171875, -0.484375, 0.6640625, 1.0078125, -1.0859375, -1.140625, -0.6484375, 0.0927734375, 0.142578125, 0.2158203125, 0.06298828125, 1.9140625, 0.98046875, 1.2421875, -0.6875, 0.765625, -0.70703125, 0.058837890625, 0.546875, 0.2421875, -0.318359375, 0.78515625, 0.5703125, 0.5234375, -0.470703125, 0.455078125, 1.46875, 1.796875, 0.490234375, 0.451171875, 0.65234375, 1.015625, -0.25390625, -1.859375, 0.94921875, 1.0703125, -1.25, 2.671875, -0.890625, -1.4296875, 0.87109375, 0.087890625, 0.34765625, -0.3359375, -0.671875, -0.236328125, 0.83984375, 0.388671875, 0.59375, 1.140625, 0.271484375, -0.43359375, -0.40625, 0.8515625, 0.890625, 0.98828125, 0.044189453125, -1.0078125, -0.7109375, -0.357421875, 0.287109375, -0.13671875, -1.3359375, 1.953125, -1.171875, -1.2265625, 1.671875, -0.734375, 0.376953125, -0.51171875, -1.4765625, 0.134765625, -0.10205078125, 1.6328125, -0.66796875, 0.65234375, 1.203125, -0.5625, -0.46484375, 0.1279296875, -1.734375, -1.6796875, 0.1796875, -0.2265625, 0.173828125, 1.171875, -1.0546875, 0.9765625, 0.8046875, -0.91796875, 0.0264892578125, -0.7109375, -1.25, 0.30078125, 1.328125, 0.453125, 1.3671875, -0.283203125, 1.96875, 0.65234375, -0.38671875, -1.171875, -0.474609375, 1.1875, 0.0810546875, -0.470703125, -0.51171875, 0.1474609375, -0.52734375, -0.796875, -0.7578125, -1.859375, 1.3203125, 0.283203125, -0.75, -1.2734375, -0.5390625, -0.169921875, -0.71875, 0.3359375, 0.78125, -0.162109375, -1.8359375, -1.0625, -1.0546875, -0.298828125, 0.60546875, 0.181640625, -0.6171875, 1.5, -0.068359375, 0.031494140625, -1.171875, -0.9453125, 0.40625, 0.9453125, -0.1513671875, 0.84765625, 0.1279296875, 0.5703125, -0.734375, -0.365234375, -1.3125, 0.080078125, 1.53125, -1.7421875, 0.6953125, 1.234375, -1.4453125, -0.64453125, -0.1337890625, -0.0439453125, -0.478515625, 0.56640625, -0.828125, -0.8046875, 0.240234375, -0.66796875, 0.98046875, -0.1513671875, 1.1484375, -1.4453125, -1.4921875, 0.24609375, -0.984375, -0.61328125, -1.15625, 0.2119140625, 0.9921875, 0.396484375, -0.1884765625, -1.46875, 0.435546875, -0.185546875, -0.484375, 1.34375, 1.1640625, 0.91796875, -0.48828125, -0.265625, -0.765625, -0.44921875, -1.328125, -2.09375, 1.375, 0.62890625, -0.150390625, -0.8203125, -0.64453125, -0.1083984375, -0.1533203125, 0.322265625, 0.462890625, 0.384765625, 0.85546875, -0.1318359375, 1.25, 1.953125, -0.001220703125, 0.451171875, 0.234375, -0.76953125, 0.022216796875, 1.1484375, 0.86328125, 0.77734375, 0.07373046875, 0.0517578125, 0.67578125, 0.326171875, -0.08935546875, -1.4453125, -1.265625, 2.65625, -0.98828125, -0.349609375, 0.0625, -0.359375, -0.80859375, -1.390625, 0.150390625, -0.09619140625, 0.98828125, -1.78125, 0.67578125, -1.171875, -1.265625, 0.09423828125, 0.41796875, 2.59375, 0.41015625, 0.18359375, -0.54296875, -0.1728515625, 0.4296875, 0.59375, 0.1083984375, 0.322265625, -2.265625, -1.0546875, -2.109375, 0.32421875, -0.251953125, 1.921875, -0.353515625, -0.484375, -0.302734375, -0.177734375, 0.1865234375, -2.0625, -0.62890625, -0.1875, 0.88671875, 1.6875, -0.2001953125, 0.361328125, -0.494140625, -0.255859375, -0.404296875, 0.005462646484375, -1.2578125, 0.1826171875, 0.1865234375, -1.0546875, 0.361328125, -0.423828125, 1.1640625, 1.15625, -1.859375, -2.53125, 1.75, -0.87890625, 1.390625, -0.796875, 1.6796875, -0.1806640625, -0.0262451171875, 0.421875, 0.189453125, -0.1728515625, -0.71484375, -0.703125, -1.3671875, 0.7265625, 0.99609375, -0.5234375, 0.26953125, -0.1962890625, 1.09375, -0.416015625, -0.0751953125, -0.322265625, 0.37890625, 0.1904296875, -1.4453125, 0.50390625, -1.328125, 0.41796875, 0.2099609375, -1.140625, -0.8828125, -0.90625, 1.1953125, 0.78515625, -1.5078125, 1.234375, -0.7265625, 0.67578125, -0.357421875, -0.1474609375, -0.52734375, -0.1611328125, -0.48828125, 0.78125, 1.2265625, 1.984375, 1.7265625, 2.015625, 0.69140625, -0.466796875, 1.1875, -0.2119140625, 1.03125, 0.15234375, 2.09375, 0.5859375, -1.0546875, -0.134765625, 0.921875, -1.0078125, -0.609375, 0.34375, -0.224609375, -0.92578125, -0.55078125, -0.375, 0.15625, 1.359375, 1.8984375, -0.2060546875, 1.7578125, -1.0234375, 0.44140625, -0.4765625, 0.90234375, -0.03125, -0.408203125, -1.5078125, 0.326171875, 0.26171875, 0.16796875, 0.77734375, 0.99609375, 0.474609375, -0.5625, -2.1875, -0.07470703125, 2.03125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1527146715
Sr and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr in rivers draining the Deccan Traps (India): Implications to weathering, Sr fluxes, and the marine <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr record around K/T
The concentration of dissolved Sr and its 87 Sr/ 86 Sr has been measured in the headwaters of the Krishna River System and west flowing Western Ghat rivers, all of which have their drainage almost entirely in the Deccan Traps. The Sr concentration follows that of Ca and Mg with Sr/Ca and Sr/Mg ratios similar to that of Deccan basalts, suggesting that all these alkaline earths are released to waters nearly congruently from the Deccan basalts during chemical weathering. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr range from 0.70614 to 0.70986, within that reported for the Deccan basalts. The dissolved Sr flux from the Deccan calculated from the measured data is ∼1.35 × 10 8 moles yr −1 , ∼0.4% of the global riverine flux, which is nearly the same as the proportion of area covered by Deccan basalts relative to the global drainage. The flux, however, is a factor of ∼3 lower than that reported for the Narmada‐Tapti‐Wainganga (NTW) rivers draining the northern Deccan. This difference in Sr flux among rivers draining the various regions of Deccan could be natural spatial/temporal variations and/or due to supply of Sr to NTW rivers from nonbasaltic sources. Model calculations on the role of emplacement and weathering of Deccan on marine Sr isotope evolution around KTB and late Tertiary show that Deccan basalts can be an important contributor to the decline in 87 Sr/ 86 Sr during these periods. It is shown that to account for the pre‐KTB dip in 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, the flux requirement from Deccan at that time would have to be several times the contemporary flux with 87 Sr/ 86 Sr of 0.705–0.708. Considering that the area of Deccan at KTB was about thrice the present area and that the weathering rate of Deccan basalts may have been much higher in early stages following eruption, such high fluxes at about KTB seem feasible. The disproportionately higher flux requirement for Sr is similar to that invoked to explain the pre‐KTB decrease in 187 Os/ 188 Os. The calculations also show that the supply of unradiogenic Sr from basalts can have significant control on the long‐term, ∼66 to ∼55 Ma, decline of marine 87 Sr/ 86 Sr.
[ -1.3046875, -0.1259765625, 1.6875, -0.48828125, 0.96875, -1.2265625, -2, 2.203125, 1.4453125, 0.142578125, 1.5859375, -0.3125, 1.5, -0.8671875, -0.1396484375, 0.8671875, 0.062255859375, -1.6015625, -0.74609375, 0.60546875, 0.431640625, -0.5703125, 0.048828125, -0.60546875, 0.59375, 1.5703125, -1.0703125, -0.90625, 0.498046875, 0.7109375, 0.1416015625, 1.453125, -2.078125, -0.326171875, 0.388671875, 1.8984375, 0.1669921875, 0.99609375, 0.26953125, -0.390625, 0.57421875, -0.6875, 1.4140625, -2.171875, 0.34375, 0.796875, 1.0625, -0.71875, -0.546875, -1.1953125, -0.455078125, 0.80859375, 0.08935546875, 0.75390625, -0.375, 0.337890625, -1.96875, -0.166015625, 0.490234375, -0.271484375, -0.70703125, -0.66015625, -0.1962890625, -1.109375, -0.703125, -0.6640625, 1.109375, 0.275390625, -0.1630859375, -0.208984375, 1.6796875, -0.60546875, -1.234375, -0.51953125, 0.0002346038818359375, -0.1259765625, -0.3359375, 0.2265625, 0.232421875, 0.50390625, -0.5703125, -0.4296875, -0.6953125, -0.55078125, -0.7890625, -0.216796875, -0.0230712890625, -1.09375, -0.0034637451171875, 1.359375, -1.4375, -0.51953125, -0.0771484375, -1.484375, -0.72265625, -1.53125, 0.259765625, -0.337890625, -1.484375, 1.46875, 0.30078125, 0.1904296875, 0.392578125, -1.71875, 0.3515625, 1.1171875, -1.4140625, 0.2314453125, -0.404296875, 0.6640625, 0.39453125, 0.4765625, -0.1220703125, 0.208984375, 0.5, 0.06982421875, -0.2421875, 0.87109375, 0.55859375, 0.1591796875, -0.51953125, -0.19140625, 0.5390625, 0.87890625, -0.1298828125, 0.29296875, -2.328125, -0.3671875, 0.52734375, -1.1875, -0.042236328125, 0.3828125, 0.02783203125, 1.109375, 0.51953125, -0.51171875, 0.453125, 0.369140625, -0.047607421875, 0.6875, 0.53515625, 0.494140625, 0.11474609375, 1.296875, -0.59765625, -0.287109375, 0.6953125, 0.08203125, -1.1484375, -0.625, 0.21875, -1.8828125, -1.6015625, 1.046875, 0.28125, -0.82421875, -0.875, 2.3125, -0.67578125, 0.08837890625, 0.89453125, -0.9140625, 0.259765625, -0.8046875, -0.0908203125, -0.1943359375, -0.3515625, 0.96875, 0.322265625, 1.3046875, -1.140625, -1.515625, 0.28515625, 0.32421875, 0.1171875, -1.1484375, -0.98828125, 0.75390625, -0.9375, -0.6796875, 0.36328125, 1.375, -2.140625, -0.37109375, 1.28125, 1.984375, 0.0498046875, 0.404296875, -0.73828125, 0.083984375, 1.4609375, -1.6875, -1.8828125, 1.375, 0.373046875, -0.11767578125, 0.59765625, 0.1259765625, -1.6484375, 0.2578125, -1.5, 1.1640625, -0.193359375, -0.39453125, 0.671875, 0.421875, 0.12890625, 1.6796875, 1.59375, 0.90234375, -0.90625, -1.734375, -0.78515625, -1, -1.953125, -1.140625, -0.46875, 1.3515625, 0.80078125, -1.1015625, 1.03125, 0.2216796875, 0.52734375, 0.1552734375, 0.15234375, -1.4453125, 1.2109375, 1.5234375, -0.9765625, 1.0546875, 0.92578125, -1.90625, -0.291015625, 0.62109375, -0.8046875, -0.458984375, 0.578125, -0.130859375, 1.953125, 1.53125, 0.353515625, 0.82421875, 0.59375, 0.4609375, -0.1845703125, 0.05126953125, -0.169921875, -1.015625, -0.1845703125, 0.56640625, 1.140625, -1.3671875, -0.435546875, -0.546875, 0.33984375, -1.0625, -0.67578125, 0.224609375, 2.484375, -0.71484375, 1.0234375, 0.51171875, -0.205078125, 0.84375, -0.28125, -0.921875, 0.40234375, 0.087890625, -0.38671875, 0.322265625, 0.2734375, -2.1875, 0.03759765625, 0.0732421875, 1.3203125, -0.6796875, -0.34765625, 0.349609375, 0.35546875, -0.734375, -2, -0.953125, -0.9765625, -0.6484375, 0.69921875, 1.8984375, -0.154296875, 1.2578125, -0.302734375, 0.5625, 1.3984375, -0.265625, -0.58203125, -0.84375, -0.0419921875, 0.169921875, 2.03125, 2.125, 0.9921875, 0.55078125, 1.6953125, 0.337890625, -0.86328125, -1.734375, 1.5390625, -1.5625, -0.87890625, 0.6328125, -0.10693359375, -0.64453125, 0.00592041015625, 0.60546875, -0.69140625, 1.6640625, 0.7109375, 0.796875, -1.0546875, -2.203125, 1.4453125, -0.17578125, 0.328125, -0.451171875, -0.94921875, 0.1640625, -0.1953125, -0.72265625, 0.1181640625, -0.9921875, -0.51953125, 0.027099609375, -0.33984375, -0.3515625, -0.36328125, -0.1865234375, -1.921875, 1.828125, 0.130859375, -2.171875, 0.83984375, 0.4921875, 0.60546875, -0.28125, 0.240234375, 0.12353515625, -1.46875, -0.08349609375, -0.1884765625, -1.390625, -1.046875, -2.9375, -1.2890625, -0.55078125, 1.6796875, -0.6953125, -0.458984375, -0.30078125, 0.2421875, -0.67578125, -0.46484375, -0.8515625, -0.5625, 0.875, -0.50390625, 0.89453125, 0.52734375, 0.0098876953125, 0.53515625, 0.365234375, -1.484375, 0.3203125, 1.7890625, 0.1669921875, -1.984375, 0.828125, -0.32421875, 0.74609375, -1.78125, -1.640625, -0.039306640625, 0.003875732421875, -0.333984375, 0.375, -1.1171875, 1.4453125, 0.91796875, 0.474609375, 0.76953125, 1.375, -0.90625, 1.046875, -0.09033203125, -0.1884765625, -0.9375, 0.427734375, 0.44921875, 1.2421875, 0.5703125, -0.578125, -0.69140625, -2.234375, 0.12451171875, 0.296875, 1.0625, -0.482421875, -1.0390625, -0.412109375, -1.0546875, -0.05859375, 0.314453125, -0.494140625, -0.828125, 0.031494140625, -0.2041015625, 0.69921875, -0.25390625, -0.60546875, 1.640625, -0.66796875, -0.80859375, -0.01171875, 1.046875, 1.0390625, -0.0024871826171875, -0.59375, -0.7734375, -0.60546875, 1.296875, 0.67578125, -1.0234375, -0.41015625, -0.33984375, -0.53515625, 0.91796875, -0.201171875, -0.1640625, -0.796875, 1.015625, 0.0390625, -2.046875, 0.185546875, -0.287109375, -1.234375, 1.921875, -0.298828125, 2.5, 0.203125, 1.2578125, 0.984375, 0.146484375, 0.0218505859375, 0.055908203125, -0.412109375, -0.765625, -2.453125, -0.94921875, -0.66796875, 0.400390625, 0.2314453125, -1.203125, -0.291015625, 0.107421875, 0.89453125, 0.4140625, -1.25, 0.0078125, -0.4375, -1.125, -1.15625, -0.734375, 1.0234375, -0.86328125, 0.73828125, -0.875, -1.015625, -0.65625, -0.31640625, -1.5625, 0.11279296875, -0.484375, 2.296875, 1.625, 1.1171875, -0.318359375, -0.58984375, 0.91796875, 0.466796875, -0.2890625, 0.02685546875, 2.109375, -0.109375, 0.78125, 0.6171875, -0.1669921875, -1.3515625, 0.8671875, 0.474609375, 0.3125, -0.09521484375, 0.89453125, -0.30859375, 0.85546875, -0.9375, -2.140625, 0.0654296875, 0.7421875, 0.90625, -0.9921875, -0.34765625, -0.87890625, 0.193359375, -0.1025390625, 2.578125, -1.8125, -0.765625, 0.71875, 1.34375, 1.1171875, 0.83984375, 0.123046875, -0.41796875, 2.34375, -1.8125, -0.115234375, -0.62890625, 1.3203125, -0.88671875, 0.4921875, 0.054931640625, 0.5078125, -1.1640625, -0.28125, -0.310546875, 0.78125, 0.275390625, -0.2578125, -0.1318359375, 0.396484375, -0.4609375, -0.28515625, 0.734375, -1.796875, -1.25, 0.859375, -0.67578125, 0.88671875, -1.1171875, -0.302734375, 1.15625, -0.006744384765625, 0.78515625, 0.1962890625, 0.41015625, 0.69921875, 0.9609375, 0.2041015625, 1.3203125, -0.6484375, 0.84375, 0.7578125, -1.8828125, 0.330078125, -1.3828125, -0.0546875, 0.671875, -0.1328125, 0.56640625, -0.62109375, -0.6640625, 0.98828125, -0.90625, -1.7734375, 0.69921875, -0.1162109375, 0.58203125, 1.2421875, -1.765625, -1.421875, -1.921875, -0.423828125, -0.56640625, 1.3046875, -1, -0.62109375, 1.109375, -0.2353515625, 0.130859375, 1.421875, -1.6875, -0.126953125, -1.1484375, -1.890625, 0.53515625, 1.5859375, 0.3515625, 1.53125, 1.1796875, 1.6328125, 0.84765625, -0.1865234375, 0.84375, -0.95703125, 0.453125, 0.71484375, -0.6015625, 0.7109375, 0.423828125, 0.1259765625, 0.3203125, -0.42578125, 1.265625, 0.049560546875, -0.8984375, -1.3515625, -0.9765625, 2.265625, -0.64453125, 1.7734375, -1.9140625, 0.380859375, -0.5703125, 0.059326171875, 0.57421875, 0.5234375, 1.828125, 0.423828125, -2.453125, 1.6953125, -0.6640625, -0.8984375, -0.640625, -0.337890625, 0.373046875, -0.890625, 0.2890625, -0.17578125, -0.7421875, 0.3671875, 1.2421875, -0.05615234375, 1.828125, 2.53125, 1, -0.63671875, -0.3125, 0.005615234375, 2.1875, -1.890625, -0.79296875, -0.64453125, 1.3515625, -0.765625, -0.578125, 0.5625, 0.21484375, -0.486328125, 0.2890625, -0.2392578125, -0.05126953125, 0.138671875, 0.31640625, 1.0390625, 0.9921875, -0.6484375, -0.8359375, 1.8671875, 0.5625, 0.8671875, 0.6171875, 0.40234375, -0.1689453125, 0.84765625, 0.6875, 0.37890625, 0.2080078125, -0.5234375, 0.64453125, -0.02978515625, 1.2109375, 0.000843048095703125, 0.490234375, 1.4765625, -1.2734375, -0.1201171875, 1.8515625, 0.078125, -1.140625, -0.8125, -0.46484375, -0.0595703125, 1.171875, -0.318359375, 1.8125, 0.80859375, 1.4609375, 1.171875, 0.6796875, -0.24609375, 0.796875, 0.4296875, -0.5546875, 0.447265625, 0.2412109375, -1.3828125, 0.1328125, -0.359375, -0.84765625, -0.3359375, 0.8359375, -0.22265625, -0.126953125, 0.146484375, 0.1357421875, 0.498046875, -0.2294921875, 0.404296875, 0.2119140625, -0.6171875, 0.1484375, -0.97265625, -1.1015625, 0.84765625, 0.345703125, 0.0908203125, -0.1806640625, -1.234375, 0.62890625, -0.67578125, 0.134765625, -0.875, 0.6953125, -0.064453125, -0.00616455078125, -0.016845703125, -0.185546875, 0.298828125, 1.0859375, -0.89453125, 0.494140625, 0.83203125, 0.5078125, -1.265625, 0.51953125, -0.9921875, 0.96484375, -0.10498046875, 0.77734375, -1.28125, -0.6796875, -0.296875, -0.267578125, 2.765625, -1.0234375, -0.5390625, -0.126953125, 0.35546875, -0.48828125, -0.251953125, 0.6796875, -1.078125, -1.1328125, 0.64453125, 0.66015625, -0.71875, -1.671875, 2.109375, 1.640625, 1.15625, -0.73828125, -0.921875, -0.61328125, -2.578125, 0.234375, -0.8359375, 1.25, 0.146484375, -0.0693359375, 0.25, 0.69921875, -0.6875, 1.0234375, 0.35546875, -2.234375, -0.51171875, 0.060791015625, -1.6640625, 0.59765625, 0.0185546875, -1.125, -0.1533203125, -0.212890625, -2, -0.10009765625, 0.6484375, -0.875, -0.1357421875, -0.5, -0.1865234375, -0.828125, -0.07958984375, -0.486328125, 1.328125, 0.5546875, -0.1005859375, -0.326171875, -1.328125, 0.2119140625, 0.1728515625, -0.369140625, 0.080078125, -1.2421875, -0.478515625, -0.1591796875, 2.390625, -0.765625, -1.0078125, -0.54296875, -0.8125, -0.6015625, -0.1083984375, 1.4296875, -1.15625, 0.91796875, 0.2431640625, 0.59765625, 2.765625, -0.67578125, 0.73828125, -0.77734375, -1.2421875, 1.3515625, -2.359375, -1.6015625, -0.53515625, 0.30859375, -0.48828125, -0.65234375, -1.09375, -0.62109375, 1.0546875, 1.515625, 0.15625, 1.734375, 1.8984375, 0.010986328125, -0.1416015625, -1.109375, -0.8984375, -0.58203125, -1.390625, -0.79296875, 1.984375, 0.1572265625, 0.314453125, 0.404296875, 1.6484375, 0.64453125, 0.54296875, -0.625, 0.1064453125, 0.8125, 1.5625, -0.28125, -0.0908203125, 1.7578125, -0.318359375, -1.0078125, 0.12109375, -0.30078125, -0.09423828125, 1.46875, -1, 0.6640625, 0.81640625, 1.578125, 0.90625, 0.4296875, -0.6484375, -0.0019683837890625, -0.1748046875, 2.109375, -1.265625, -0.59765625, -0.72265625, 1.2109375, 0.71484375, 0.96875, -0.75390625, 0.76953125, -0.298828125, -0.55078125, 0.46484375, -0.58203125, -1.484375, 1.1875, 0.11083984375, 1.484375, 0.46484375, -0.69921875, -0.8359375, 0.19140625, -0.625, -0.7421875, -1.0703125, 1.796875, -0.2275390625, -0.08251953125, -1.203125, -1.421875, 0.78515625, 0.78125, -1.0859375, 0.02001953125, -0.3203125, 0.1640625, -0.0009307861328125, -0.0380859375, -0.53125, -1.2890625, 0.36328125, -0.01318359375, -0.451171875, 0.107421875, -0.6875, 0.36328125, -0.7109375, -0.6640625, -2.578125, -0.80859375, 0.60546875, -1.7421875, -1.546875, -1.2421875, 0.255859375, -1.0234375, -1.234375, -1.28125, -0.1552734375, -0.5859375, 0.95703125, -0.625, -0.58984375, 0.021484375, -1.2109375, 0.94140625, 0.875, 0.498046875, 0.0211181640625, -0.44140625, 0.234375, 0.56640625, 0.17578125, -0.32421875, 0.83984375, 0.189453125, 0.8203125, -0.54296875, -0.0888671875, 0.72265625, -0.0211181640625, -1.84375, 0.486328125, -1.234375, -0.46875, -2.046875, 0.98046875, -1.65625, 0.10400390625, 0.5859375, 0.1884765625, 1.390625, -1.609375, 0.61328125, -0.6328125, 0.94921875, -0.32421875, 0.95703125, -0.31640625, -0.89453125, -0.3203125, 0.0478515625, -0.3515625, 0.25, 0.98828125, 0.578125, 0.26953125, 0.578125, 1.5859375, 0.80859375, 0.2490234375, 0.03662109375, 1.6484375, -0.86328125, -0.65234375, 0.76953125, -0.03759765625, 0.2490234375, 0.71875, 1.546875, -0.8125, -0.6875, 0.2333984375, -0.796875, 1.0078125, 0.76953125, 1.703125, 0.734375, 0.96875, -0.6953125, 0.251953125, 0.8125, -2.140625, 1.4609375, 0.06591796875, -0.96875, 0.92578125, -1.4609375, 2.015625, 0.625, -0.15234375, 1.1640625, -0.1826171875, 0.65625, -0.99609375, 1.328125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1527477169
Contested Terrain: A New History of Nature and People in the Adirondacks.
Journal Article Contested Terrain: A New History of Nature and People in the Adirondacks. By Philip G. Terrie. (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press and Blue Mountain Lake: Adirondack Museum, 1997. xxii, 223 pp. $26.95, ISBN 0-8156-0445-9) Get access David Tatham David Tatham Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 85, Issue 1, June 1998, Pages 197–198, https://doi.org/10.2307/2568448 Published: 01 June 1998
[ -0.05126953125, -0.365234375, 0.384765625, 0.111328125, -0.98046875, -0.46875, -2.09375, 2.34375, -0.423828125, 0.10888671875, 1.15625, 0.396484375, 1.515625, -0.1533203125, -0.70703125, 0.291015625, -0.42578125, -2.171875, -0.734375, -0.040771484375, -1.1640625, -1.3671875, -1.421875, -0.2333984375, -0.318359375, 0.3359375, 1.203125, 0.375, 0.5078125, 1.7578125, 0.1728515625, 0.02783203125, -1.7734375, 0.0966796875, 0.44140625, 1.3515625, 0.19921875, 2.578125, -0.1611328125, 0.6796875, 1.03125, -0.96484375, 0.3125, -0.5234375, -1.03125, -0.1533203125, 0.78515625, 0.251953125, 0.1181640625, -1.890625, -0.2421875, 0.40234375, 1.1328125, -0.09716796875, 0.5703125, -1.2578125, -1.2578125, -0.0164794921875, 1.2421875, 0.58984375, -0.484375, -0.99609375, -1.53125, -0.7578125, -0.166015625, 0.8046875, 0.01312255859375, -1.8125, -0.33984375, -0.064453125, -0.7890625, 1.5078125, -0.95703125, 0.8828125, -0.54296875, -2.03125, 0.396484375, -0.88671875, 1.1953125, -1.234375, 0.22265625, 0.138671875, -0.134765625, 0.99609375, -0.173828125, 1.6015625, -0.58984375, 0.4609375, -0.86328125, -0.61328125, -0.53125, 0.060546875, -0.75, -0.1904296875, -0.09326171875, -0.37109375, -1.9453125, -0.412109375, -0.640625, 1.4296875, 0.1669921875, -1.8125, -0.56640625, 0.462890625, 1.1015625, 0.337890625, -1.3046875, -0.5859375, -2.84375, 0.12353515625, 0.03857421875, -0.466796875, 0.875, -0.5859375, 0.96484375, 1.75, -1.125, 1.078125, -0.453125, -0.52734375, -0.25390625, -1.609375, 2.4375, 0.462890625, 0.10791015625, 1.453125, -1.1796875, -0.271484375, -1.5234375, -1.546875, -0.1591796875, -0.228515625, -0.322265625, 2.5625, 0.453125, -0.1435546875, 0.0693359375, 0.00482177734375, 1.1484375, -0.171875, 0.25390625, 1.171875, 0.375, -0.91796875, -0.890625, 0.44140625, 0.216796875, -1.1796875, 0.1865234375, 0.4296875, 0.373046875, 0.369140625, -0.1357421875, 2.265625, -0.314453125, -0.294921875, -1.34375, 2.578125, -0.8203125, -0.3984375, 0.53125, -2.046875, 0.29296875, -0.9453125, -0.5234375, -0.87109375, -1.8984375, -0.64453125, 1.0859375, 0.70703125, -0.8515625, 0.53515625, 1.296875, 1.3359375, 1.8515625, -0.47265625, -0.193359375, 1.1171875, 1.671875, -0.83984375, -0.255859375, 1.8359375, -0.220703125, -0.87890625, 0.94140625, 1.1640625, 0.010498046875, -1.2265625, 0.640625, 1.2890625, 1.4765625, -0.91796875, -2.71875, 1.1484375, 2.03125, -1.125, 0.287109375, 1.9453125, 1.765625, 0.0169677734375, -2.375, 0.71484375, 0.11767578125, -1.2109375, 1.7421875, 0.9453125, 1.1015625, 1.015625, 1.1953125, 0.0927734375, -0.80078125, -0.0673828125, -0.265625, -0.26171875, -1.0546875, 0.01202392578125, -0.419921875, 1.7421875, 0.5, -0.53125, 0.78515625, 0.296875, 0.2001953125, 1.0546875, 1.1171875, -1.0703125, 0.953125, 1.5625, 0.6796875, -1.0703125, 0.494140625, -0.2578125, 0.173828125, 0.0322265625, -0.470703125, 1.8125, -0.5859375, -0.423828125, -0.3984375, -0.77734375, -0.337890625, -0.322265625, 0.130859375, 0.330078125, 2.375, -0.46875, 0.251953125, -0.85546875, -0.44921875, 1.1953125, 1.734375, -0.365234375, 0.04248046875, -0.59765625, 0.353515625, -1.765625, -0.69921875, 1.3984375, 3.109375, -1.0703125, 0.765625, -0.97265625, -1.4765625, -1.2109375, -1.625, -1.0546875, -3.71875, 1.0625, 0.87890625, 0.546875, 0.419921875, -0.7890625, -0.034423828125, 1.328125, 0.609375, -0.51953125, -1.0234375, 0.423828125, -0.71484375, -1.3671875, 0.01531982421875, 0.09521484375, 0.470703125, -1.5390625, 1.4765625, -0.5, 1.2578125, 0.859375, -1.5859375, 0.63671875, -0.376953125, 0.05126953125, -1.5234375, -1.3359375, -2.265625, -0.58984375, 0.6171875, -0.78515625, -1.3046875, 0.19921875, 1.3125, 0.57421875, -1.2421875, -1.6640625, 0.85546875, -0.259765625, -1.03125, 0.11767578125, 0.38671875, -0.138671875, -3.25, 1, -1.71875, 0.30078125, 0.388671875, 0.84765625, 0.49609375, -1.7265625, -0.59765625, 0.375, -0.57421875, 1.359375, -0.205078125, -2.125, 0.625, -0.609375, -0.02685546875, -1.2734375, -0.75, -0.56640625, -1.6875, 0.58984375, -0.76953125, -0.5546875, -2.078125, 1.125, 0.79296875, 1.125, 1.4453125, -0.609375, 0.9140625, -1.4375, -0.10498046875, 0.6328125, -0.2470703125, -0.59765625, 0.8671875, -0.703125, 0.1884765625, -0.0152587890625, -0.322265625, -1.46875, 0.06640625, -0.37890625, -1.375, 0.9765625, 0.388671875, -2.578125, -0.6953125, -0.671875, 0.953125, 0.5859375, -0.4765625, -0.0169677734375, 1.7265625, 1.0703125, -1.1640625, 0.56640625, 0.005584716796875, -0.447265625, -0.1943359375, -0.1318359375, -0.0966796875, 2.25, -0.051513671875, 0.765625, -2.609375, -1.0859375, 0.419921875, 0.5234375, -0.123046875, -0.51171875, 0.1845703125, 2.5625, 0.7421875, -1.0859375, 0.7578125, 0.2734375, 1.109375, 1.359375, 0.181640625, 0.1533203125, -2.390625, -1.4140625, -1.140625, 0.54296875, -0.95703125, -1.5625, -1.6953125, -2.78125, 0.91015625, 0.6328125, 0.94921875, -0.298828125, -0.57421875, -1.0234375, -0.66796875, 0.65625, 0.51953125, 0.103515625, -1.3515625, 0.6640625, 0.0159912109375, 0.056640625, 1.71875, -1.625, 1.265625, -0.78515625, -1.5078125, 0.08837890625, -1.7265625, -0.0078125, -0.5078125, 0.984375, 0.05126953125, -1.5546875, 0.06298828125, 0.240234375, -1.640625, 0.06494140625, -1.1875, -0.412109375, 1.265625, -0.0306396484375, -1.21875, 0.12353515625, 1.7890625, 0.41015625, 0.283203125, 1.0390625, 0.050048828125, -0.52734375, -0.326171875, 0.11181640625, 1.0625, 0.7578125, -0.2294921875, -0.228515625, 0.416015625, 2.15625, -0.1279296875, -1.8828125, -0.5234375, -0.7890625, -0.291015625, 1.7421875, -0.87109375, -0.2373046875, -0.1435546875, -1.8515625, 0.92578125, 1.34375, 2.5625, -1.5234375, -0.53125, 0.0277099609375, 0.8515625, 0.025390625, -0.46484375, 1.109375, -0.98046875, 0.0654296875, -1.0625, -1.265625, -1.5390625, 0.423828125, -0.94921875, 0.88671875, 0.1611328125, -0.86328125, 1.4453125, 1.3125, -1.5234375, -0.46484375, -0.9921875, 0.062255859375, 0.66015625, 1.1328125, 1.140625, 1.34375, 0.443359375, -0.640625, -0.2099609375, -1.859375, 0.9765625, -0.765625, -0.0927734375, -0.47265625, 1.125, 0.1416015625, -0.279296875, -0.9140625, -1.7265625, -1.2578125, 0.70703125, 0.5859375, 0.7578125, -1.328125, -1.296875, 0.0184326171875, 0.4609375, -0.96875, -1.546875, -0.1455078125, 0.42578125, -1.0625, 0.8046875, 0.1240234375, 0.11376953125, 0.08935546875, 0.83203125, -0.275390625, -0.3203125, 0.828125, -0.392578125, -0.81640625, 1.046875, 1.578125, 1, -2.25, 0.22265625, -0.423828125, -0.63671875, 0.85546875, -0.96484375, 0.5234375, -0.1689453125, -0.515625, 1.9375, -0.045166015625, -0.0194091796875, -0.33984375, 0.13671875, -0.294921875, 1.7890625, -1.21875, 0.267578125, 0.82421875, 0.328125, 1.6875, 0.4921875, -0.4765625, -2.171875, -0.70703125, 1.0078125, 0.2421875, 0.220703125, -0.53125, 0.05126953125, -0.91796875, 0.302734375, -3.71875, -0.1083984375, 0.8125, -0.92578125, 1.1015625, 0.8515625, -0.439453125, 1.984375, 0.9921875, -0.11181640625, -1.1015625, -0.54296875, -0.37109375, 2.109375, -1.4375, -0.98828125, -1.1953125, -0.32421875, -0.79296875, 0.390625, 0.419921875, 0.0908203125, 0.296875, 0.443359375, 2.5, 0.9453125, -0.46484375, -0.3515625, -0.9296875, 0.25390625, -0.8515625, 1.078125, -0.5703125, 0.3984375, 2.34375, 0.380859375, 2.265625, -0.84375, -0.3359375, -1.984375, 1.1796875, 0.73828125, 0.431640625, -0.053466796875, -0.51953125, -0.984375, -0.734375, 1.1328125, -0.59765625, 0.427734375, 0.06591796875, -0.40234375, -0.034423828125, 0.189453125, -0.380859375, 0.478515625, -0.74609375, 0.09912109375, -0.51171875, -0.11669921875, 0.08740234375, 0.05517578125, 1.828125, 0.1884765625, -0.5078125, 1.21875, -2.15625, -0.0223388671875, 0.056396484375, -0.484375, 0.8671875, -0.8125, -1.8828125, 0.1328125, -0.09521484375, -0.9609375, 1.1171875, 0.1123046875, -0.1640625, -0.043212890625, 0.9296875, -0.2734375, -1.703125, -0.33203125, 1.9296875, -1.09375, 0.1298828125, -0.8046875, 0.48046875, -0.7109375, 1.359375, -1.3828125, -1.59375, -1.140625, -1.171875, -1.0859375, -0.546875, 0.007781982421875, -0.404296875, 0.63671875, 0.0498046875, -1.125, 0.259765625, -0.03662109375, 1.734375, -1.0546875, 0.01116943359375, 1.1796875, 0.77734375, -0.7578125, 0.6171875, 0.451171875, 0.671875, -0.361328125, 1.59375, -0.1435546875, 2.421875, 0.404296875, 1.3125, 0.5234375, -1.7578125, -0.78515625, 0.60546875, -1.40625, -0.470703125, 0.474609375, 1.40625, 0.76953125, 1.90625, 0.000591278076171875, 0.12890625, 0.330078125, 0.267578125, 0.83984375, -1.2578125, 0.0361328125, 0.90625, -0.453125, -1.1953125, 0.03515625, 0.34765625, 0.73046875, 1.8984375, -0.4765625, -1.515625, 1.515625, 0.041015625, -0.07080078125, -0.283203125, -1.4296875, -0.3828125, 1.3671875, 0.90625, 0.427734375, -0.345703125, 0.921875, 0.16796875, -0.16796875, -1.3359375, -0.0162353515625, 0.2001953125, 0.55078125, -0.357421875, -0.28125, 0.79296875, 0.6484375, -0.953125, -1.140625, -0.6328125, -0.33203125, -1.0625, 1.78125, -1.34375, 0.66015625, -0.337890625, 2.109375, -0.1669921875, 1.5625, 1.046875, 0.21484375, 2.046875, 1.6015625, 1.0390625, -0.0712890625, -0.0634765625, -0.193359375, -2.40625, -0.0311279296875, -1.0390625, -0.212890625, -0.60546875, 0.48828125, 1.8671875, -1.40625, -0.5234375, -0.99609375, 2.578125, -1.6640625, -1.1796875, 1.40625, 0.51171875, -1.984375, 0.36328125, 0.173828125, 0.11669921875, -0.1796875, -1.46875, -1.4453125, 2.109375, -1.328125, 0.3828125, 1.015625, 0.77734375, 0.1796875, 0.71484375, 1.234375, -0.50390625, -0.83203125, 0.298828125, -0.29296875, -0.2734375, -1.3125, -0.93359375, -1.328125, 0.98828125, 1.53125, 0.71484375, -0.96875, 0.30078125, -1.109375, -0.314453125, 0.57421875, -0.9921875, 1.4375, -0.1982421875, -0.388671875, 0.2333984375, -1.75, -0.130859375, 0.050048828125, 0.455078125, 1.3515625, 0.765625, -0.2294921875, 0.427734375, -0.416015625, -0.640625, -0.8203125, 1.7265625, -0.2734375, -0.020263671875, 4.125, 0.2236328125, -0.470703125, -0.080078125, -0.37890625, -0.47265625, -0.5078125, 1.140625, 0.60546875, -0.12109375, 0.62109375, -0.37890625, 1.0234375, -1.6796875, 0.04052734375, -0.66796875, -2.84375, 1.328125, -0.279296875, -3.375, -2.390625, 0.96484375, 1.2890625, 1.171875, -0.7265625, 0.294921875, -0.7265625, -0.4609375, 0.45703125, 0.404296875, 1.484375, 1.2109375, -1.234375, -0.7890625, -0.859375, -0.333984375, -1.546875, -0.81640625, -0.435546875, -0.9765625, 0.03955078125, 0.51953125, 1.7265625, -0.2890625, -0.2431640625, -0.482421875, 0.06640625, -0.55859375, 0.9375, 1.2890625, -0.13671875, 0.671875, 0.01409912109375, -0.158203125, 0.384765625, -1.234375, -0.0238037109375, 0.0400390625, -1.0078125, 1.21875, 1.2734375, 1.234375, 0.10791015625, -1.140625, 0.58984375, -0.8515625, -0.953125, 3.28125, -1.859375, 0.0908203125, -0.03564453125, 1.1953125, 0.9765625, -0.16015625, 0.82421875, 1.296875, -0.90625, 0.94921875, 1.015625, 0.75, 0.9140625, -1.3359375, -1.2109375, 0.609375, 0.1455078125, 1.109375, 0.302734375, 1.2890625, 0.201171875, -1.6640625, 1.3125, 1.65625, 0.2158203125, -0.6328125, 0.119140625, -1.0625, 1.078125, -0.2294921875, 0.1484375, -0.50390625, -0.5078125, -0.29296875, -0.8203125, -0.671875, -0.60546875, -1.125, 1.140625, -1.1015625, 0.53515625, -1.1953125, -0.70703125, -0.287109375, -0.1875, 0.73828125, -1.203125, -0.51953125, -0.3046875, -0.146484375, -0.96484375, -0.6875, 1.5703125, -0.546875, -2.859375, -1.0546875, -0.1806640625, 0.33203125, 1.484375, -0.64453125, -0.57421875, -1.46875, 0.1728515625, 0.9453125, -0.240234375, 1.5859375, 0.306640625, -1.4921875, -1.7109375, -0.6953125, -0.28515625, 2.109375, 1.234375, -1.984375, 1.21875, -0.44140625, 0.8515625, 0.54296875, -0.11865234375, 1.3984375, -1.3828125, -0.146484375, -1.0625, 0.267578125, 1.2265625, -1.359375, -0.9140625, 0.72265625, -0.52734375, 2.140625, -1.734375, 0.4453125, -1.8359375, -0.70703125, -1.2421875, 1.1328125, -0.53125, -1.2109375, 0.55859375, -0.3203125, 0.451171875, 0.734375, 0.5625, -0.1806640625, 0.396484375, 1.109375, -0.1982421875, -0.6796875, -0.0216064453125, -0.326171875, 0.25390625, -0.478515625, -0.06689453125, 0.039306640625, 1, -1.4765625, -1.1015625, -0.5625, 0.361328125, 0.59765625, -0.578125, -0.6875, 0.91015625, 1.8046875, 1.15625, -0.4140625, -0.55859375, -0.359375, 1.0859375, -0.55859375, 0.63671875, 1.4140625, 0.65625, 0.064453125, -0.57421875, 1.3828125, 0.9453125, 1.03125, -0.091796875, 1.5390625, -0.55859375, -0.796875, -1.984375, 1.75 ]
https://openalex.org/W1527549358
Dewey, Russell, Whitehead: Philosophers as Educators
Hendley argues that philosophers of education should reject their preoccupation of the past 25years with defining terms and analyzing concepts and once again embrace the philosophical task of constructing general theories of education.Exemplars of that tradition are John Dewey, Bertrand Russell, and Alfred North Whitehead, who formulated theories of education that were tested. Dewey and Russell ran their own schools, and Whitehead served as a university administrator and as a member of many committees created to study education.After providing a general introduction to the present state of educational philosophy, Hendley discusses in detail the educational philosophies of Dewey, Russell, and Whitehead. He sees in these men excellent role models that contemporary philosophers might well follow. Hendley believes that like these mentors, philosophers should take a more active, practical role in education.
[ 0.328125, -0.169921875, -0.0869140625, -1.5546875, 0.1904296875, -1.5390625, -1.5625, 0.64453125, -0.5078125, -0.71484375, 0.23046875, 0.4453125, 1.2734375, -0.65234375, 1.421875, 0.310546875, -1.7734375, -0.6796875, -0.75390625, 0.486328125, -0.703125, 0.07861328125, -1.7109375, 0.87890625, 1.5859375, 0.49609375, -1.4140625, -0.546875, 1.7578125, 0.138671875, 1.2109375, 1.2265625, -1.7421875, 1.3984375, -0.48828125, 1.6015625, -1.125, 1.5859375, -0.43359375, 1.0703125, 0.328125, -1.0234375, -0.3046875, 0.63671875, 0.51171875, 1.0703125, 1.2890625, -0.2255859375, -0.953125, -1.03125, 0.1513671875, 0.8515625, 0.97265625, 0.7421875, 0.6796875, 0.103515625, -0.5546875, -0.1689453125, -0.05615234375, -1.140625, 0.330078125, -0.353515625, -0.35546875, -0.8359375, -1.375, -0.79296875, 1.421875, -0.52734375, -0.8359375, -0.87109375, -0.376953125, 0.7109375, 0.019775390625, -1.1640625, 1.2578125, -0.96875, -1.34375, -0.578125, 0.93359375, -0.66796875, 0.61328125, -0.484375, -0.06982421875, 0.10888671875, -1.3203125, 1.3125, -0.60546875, 1.5390625, 0.01434326171875, 0.6015625, -0.62890625, 0.408203125, -0.640625, 0.9453125, 0.54296875, 0.019287109375, 1.28125, 0.73046875, -0.30859375, 0.037353515625, -0.279296875, -1.2890625, 0.765625, 1.0859375, 0.1611328125, -0.263671875, -0.314453125, -0.6875, -1.53125, -0.041015625, -0.017822265625, 0.76171875, -0.421875, -0.02734375, 0.41796875, 0.515625, 0.87109375, 0.8359375, -0.8515625, 0.384765625, -0.7109375, -0.44921875, 0.9921875, -1.2109375, 0.310546875, 0.32421875, 0.86328125, 0.291015625, -1.078125, -0.400390625, 1.7265625, 0.2041015625, -0.482421875, 0.07421875, 2.375, -0.027099609375, -0.06396484375, -0.431640625, -1.046875, 0.8984375, -0.0093994140625, 1.0234375, 0.9453125, -2.40625, -1.7109375, -1.078125, 1.984375, 1.2578125, 0.65625, 1.1640625, -1.234375, -1.125, 0.59765625, 1.1171875, 0.19921875, -0.25390625, -2.125, 3.40625, 0.484375, -1.0859375, 0.10693359375, -1.7734375, -0.058837890625, 0.08642578125, 0.796875, -0.6796875, -0.796875, -0.453125, 1.5, 1.828125, -0.5625, 0.78515625, 0.15234375, 0.255859375, 0.8046875, 0.062255859375, -0.56640625, 1.0625, 0.423828125, -0.201171875, 0.0198974609375, -0.1494140625, -0.396484375, 0.04736328125, -0.3671875, -0.546875, -0.294921875, -0.392578125, 0.59765625, 1.578125, -0.06591796875, -0.66796875, 0.08837890625, 1.6640625, 1.0625, -1.390625, -1.234375, 1.5703125, -1.3125, 0.30859375, -1.078125, 1.703125, 0.77734375, -0.828125, 0.88671875, 1.2578125, -0.02587890625, 0.83984375, 0.9375, 1.984375, 0.71484375, 0.54296875, -0.6171875, 0.01092529296875, -0.0162353515625, -0.267578125, -0.75, 1.4140625, -1.2421875, -1.96875, 0.02392578125, -0.359375, 0.158203125, 0.2119140625, 0.52734375, -2.015625, 1.203125, 0.5859375, -0.78125, -0.09228515625, 1.2421875, 0.00946044921875, -0.36328125, -0.82421875, -0.7734375, 0.380859375, 0.09716796875, 0.53515625, 0.48046875, 0.333984375, 0.376953125, -0.0888671875, 1.1171875, 1.7890625, 1.125, -0.30859375, 0.095703125, -0.310546875, -0.130859375, 0.03515625, 0.095703125, 0.78515625, -0.279296875, 1.5078125, 0.451171875, 0.060546875, 0.345703125, 1.2109375, 2.3125, -0.8671875, -0.26953125, 0.78515625, -1.015625, -0.97265625, -1.6953125, 0.2431640625, -0.796875, 0.9140625, -0.62890625, 0.19140625, 1.296875, -2.6875, -0.271484375, 0.66796875, 0.447265625, 0.203125, -0.68359375, -0.6484375, 0.00555419921875, -0.294921875, -0.6875, -0.6484375, -1.9921875, -0.78125, -1.8046875, 0.62109375, 0.2578125, 0.3125, -1.6328125, 0.875, 0.34765625, -1.25, -1.34375, -0.60546875, -1.7578125, -0.8203125, -0.73828125, -0.017333984375, -0.79296875, -1.078125, 0.83984375, 1.6015625, -0.1884765625, 0.027099609375, 0.1875, -0.2294921875, -2.359375, 0.66015625, 0.94140625, -0.94140625, -2.453125, -0.265625, -0.6796875, 0.62109375, 1.046875, 0.53125, -2.0625, -1.625, 0.1064453125, -0.75, 1.171875, 0.36328125, -1.171875, -1.46875, 0.703125, -0.6796875, -0.98828125, -1.046875, -0.244140625, -0.03369140625, -2.21875, -0.9453125, 1.5859375, -0.671875, -1.140625, 0.54296875, 0.01531982421875, -0.005889892578125, 0.85546875, 0.2734375, 0.318359375, -0.7578125, -2.25, -1.21875, -0.314453125, 1.109375, -0.306640625, -0.138671875, 2.1875, -0.6015625, 0.53515625, -1.171875, 0.70703125, -0.11181640625, -1.09375, -0.490234375, 0.94140625, -1.6171875, -0.37890625, -0.189453125, -0.443359375, -1.8046875, -0.8359375, 0.2265625, 0.671875, -0.09521484375, -1.015625, 1.953125, -0.859375, -1.6640625, 2.484375, 0.73828125, 0.244140625, 2.1875, 1.90625, 0.1318359375, -0.97265625, -1.7421875, 1.0078125, 2.5625, -1.5546875, -0.042724609375, -2.1875, 1.4609375, -0.2060546875, 0.2216796875, -0.62109375, -0.271484375, -0.69140625, -0.306640625, 0.6171875, -0.13671875, -0.96875, -0.498046875, -0.1181640625, 1.5390625, 0.000621795654296875, 0.263671875, -1.4140625, -0.53125, 0.373046875, 0.04443359375, 0.1669921875, -0.55078125, 0.47265625, 0.498046875, -2.171875, 0.498046875, -0.0751953125, -0.053466796875, 0.71875, 0.294921875, 0.41015625, 0.1826171875, -0.423828125, 0.05517578125, 0.66015625, 0.12890625, -0.205078125, -0.494140625, -0.279296875, 0.90234375, 0.75, -0.1943359375, -1.6875, 0.66015625, 0.130859375, 2.4375, -1.2265625, -1.59375, -0.236328125, -0.337890625, 0.79296875, -1.265625, -0.240234375, 1.359375, 1.6328125, 0.1015625, -1.5625, -0.26171875, 0.8828125, -0.8828125, 0.041015625, 0.51171875, -0.51953125, 0.24609375, 0.212890625, 1.703125, 0.07275390625, 0.78515625, -0.45703125, 0.71484375, -1.5625, -1.3359375, -0.21875, -0.61328125, -2.484375, -0.01446533203125, -1.390625, 0.2314453125, -0.043701171875, -0.0054931640625, 0.39453125, -1.0390625, 0.44921875, 0.431640625, 0.72265625, -0.0211181640625, -0.19921875, 1.109375, -0.5546875, 1.171875, -0.39453125, -1.4375, 0.66015625, -0.27734375, 0.59765625, 0.71484375, 0.88671875, -1.6640625, 1.390625, 1.6640625, -0.5625, 0.5703125, -1.2578125, 1.2109375, 1.03125, 0.72265625, 0.92578125, 0.91015625, -0.6796875, -2.1875, -0.96875, -1.9609375, 0.875, -0.361328125, 0.1337890625, 1.109375, 0.92578125, 0.4921875, -2.0625, -1.015625, -2.34375, -0.69921875, 1.8359375, 1.203125, 0.98046875, 0.361328125, -1.4296875, 1.8828125, 1.25, 0.62109375, -1.5, 0.08349609375, -0.029541015625, 0.6484375, 0.234375, 0.0003986358642578125, 0.53515625, -0.115234375, 0.91015625, -1.4375, -0.1640625, -0.474609375, 0.73046875, -0.265625, 1.3125, 0.024658203125, -0.55078125, -0.2431640625, 1.078125, -0.54296875, -0.16796875, -0.1328125, -0.51953125, 0.4140625, 0.07568359375, -0.98828125, 0.99609375, -1.4140625, -0.66796875, 0.126953125, -0.11328125, -0.96484375, 2.109375, -0.384765625, 0.05126953125, -0.0014495849609375, -0.87890625, -0.88671875, -0.78515625, -0.255859375, -0.51953125, -0.88671875, -0.296875, -1.046875, -0.033935546875, -0.609375, 0.5234375, -1.4375, -0.412109375, -0.5234375, -0.8359375, 0.6484375, 1.03125, -1.2421875, 0.1640625, -1.78125, 1.09375, -1.8984375, -0.625, -0.251953125, 0.005218505859375, 0.361328125, 0.8203125, -1.59375, 1.3359375, -1.8203125, 0.6640625, 0.023193359375, 0.90234375, 1.0703125, 0.53515625, 1.75, -0.546875, -0.427734375, -0.50390625, 0.94921875, 0.076171875, -0.419921875, -1.328125, 0.1767578125, 0.984375, -0.67578125, 0.8359375, 1.734375, 0.392578125, 1.3359375, 0.2734375, 0.7734375, 0.1591796875, 0.578125, -0.0390625, 1.0078125, -1.0703125, -0.859375, -0.89453125, -1.7109375, 1.234375, 0.014404296875, 0.3671875, 0.1015625, 0.234375, 1.4296875, -0.263671875, -0.97265625, 0.58203125, -1.3984375, 0.734375, 0.09716796875, -0.01171875, -0.427734375, -0.150390625, -0.46875, -1.09375, -1.109375, 0.0223388671875, -0.60546875, 0.8359375, -0.2734375, -1.015625, 0.921875, -0.87109375, -2.40625, 0.189453125, -1.078125, -0.345703125, -1.140625, 0.765625, -1.3203125, -0.2158203125, -1.4375, -0.2158203125, 1.7421875, 2.140625, 1.6171875, -1.15625, 0.205078125, -0.0908203125, 2.0625, 0.11962890625, 1.0078125, 1.265625, -1.421875, -0.37109375, -0.765625, -1.2890625, 0.08642578125, 1.6328125, 1.1171875, 0.69921875, -1.046875, 1.78125, -0.171875, 0.55859375, 0.4921875, -0.1376953125, -1.140625, -0.1484375, 0.60546875, -0.125, 0.48828125, -0.91015625, 1.2421875, -1.234375, 0.62890625, -0.21484375, 1.1171875, -0.58203125, 0.52734375, 1.28125, -0.37890625, -0.462890625, -0.7265625, 0.61328125, -0.10009765625, 1.6953125, 0.333984375, -0.9140625, 1.1171875, 0.57421875, -0.265625, 0.1904296875, 1.0546875, 0.5078125, 1, 0.8984375, -0.263671875, -1.5625, -0.6484375, -0.1787109375, -0.201171875, 0.625, 0.9453125, 0.287109375, 0.87890625, -0.2294921875, 0.79296875, 0.609375, 0.5234375, 0.87890625, -0.703125, -0.11376953125, 0.36328125, 0.4375, 0.6171875, 0.46484375, -0.330078125, -0.9921875, -0.0224609375, -0.091796875, 1.8515625, 0.625, 1.234375, -2.34375, -0.62890625, 0.08251953125, 0.5546875, 0.357421875, -0.10205078125, -0.71875, -0.33203125, -0.1318359375, -0.5390625, 0.6015625, 0.031494140625, 0.62890625, 1.0390625, 0.71484375, 0.6484375, -1.6796875, 0.359375, -0.2421875, -1.21875, 0.5, -1.7421875, -1.2578125, -2.015625, -0.2734375, 0.1455078125, 0.72265625, -1.0859375, 0.072265625, 0.41015625, -0.5078125, 0.42578125, -2.15625, -0.1875, 0.166015625, -1.140625, 0.2275390625, -0.275390625, -1.03125, -0.96484375, -0.12255859375, -0.1923828125, 2.140625, -1.1796875, -0.9296875, 0.361328125, -1.109375, -0.55859375, -0.0791015625, 0.31640625, 0.049072265625, 0.458984375, -0.474609375, 0.43359375, 0.7734375, -0.75390625, -0.94921875, -1.453125, -0.72265625, -0.29296875, -0.796875, -0.255859375, -1.640625, 0.9921875, -0.78515625, 0.43359375, -0.59375, 0.62890625, -0.4296875, -0.138671875, 0.6015625, 0.53515625, 0.130859375, 0.400390625, 0.251953125, -0.26171875, 2.0625, -0.90234375, -1.4140625, -0.8125, -0.703125, 1.5390625, 0.33984375, 1.5390625, -0.90234375, 0.70703125, 0.0751953125, 0.87890625, 1.75, 0.40234375, 0.640625, -0.11083984375, -0.31640625, 1.171875, -0.89453125, 1.8515625, -0.45703125, 0.04345703125, 1.0078125, 0.53515625, -0.390625, -0.55859375, 0.09033203125, 0.2099609375, -1, 1.7109375, 0.078125, -1.453125, -0.000751495361328125, -0.9765625, 0.2275390625, 1.140625, -0.076171875, 2.515625, 1.2265625, 1.265625, 0.47265625, 2.203125, 2.234375, 1.3203125, -1.4921875, 0.392578125, -1.453125, -0.9296875, 0.28515625, -1.96875, 0.0255126953125, 1.3828125, 0.0084228515625, -0.484375, 0.345703125, 0.70703125, 0.5859375, -0.0087890625, 1.0703125, -0.83984375, 1.046875, 1.9765625, 0.373046875, 2.5, -0.5, 0.287109375, -0.05859375, -0.75, -0.369140625, 0.166015625, -2.078125, 0.6015625, 0.79296875, 1.4609375, 1.3046875, -1.6953125, -2.203125, -0.0306396484375, -0.431640625, 2.046875, 0.26953125, 0.546875, -0.216796875, 0.1689453125, -1.859375, -0.81640625, 1.140625, -0.9296875, 0.62890625, -0.05517578125, 1.3984375, 0.1953125, 0.8125, -0.71484375, 0.26171875, 0.11376953125, -0.07177734375, 0.1279296875, -0.54296875, -0.263671875, -1.21875, -0.24609375, 1.375, 1.3984375, 0.7890625, 0.2001953125, -0.09716796875, -1.5390625, 0.59375, 1.1328125, -1.1875, -0.462890625, 0.03466796875, 0.89453125, 1.140625, -1.0390625, 1.0625, 1.3671875, -0.466796875, -0.263671875, 0.66796875, -0.388671875, -0.98828125, 0.52734375, 0.169921875, 0.07177734375, -1.0625, 0.0869140625, -0.7890625, -0.390625, -0.5625, -0.57421875, 1.046875, -0.392578125, -1.3359375, -0.2314453125, 0.5078125, -0.279296875, 0.97265625, -0.11962890625, 0.734375, 0.58984375, -1.125, -0.49609375, -0.921875, 1.375, -0.90234375, 0.0458984375, -1.46875, 0.52734375, -0.18359375, 1.0234375, -0.28515625, -0.25390625, 1.1640625, -0.44140625, -0.396484375, -0.390625, -0.19921875, 0.20703125, -0.98046875, 0.27734375, -1.84375, 0.251953125, -0.00335693359375, -1.765625, 0.478515625, 1.03125, 0.8984375, -0.3046875, -1.3828125, 0.81640625, -1.5078125, 0.04443359375, -0.0264892578125, 0.75, 0.7890625, -0.267578125, -2.671875, 0.66796875, 1.7109375, -0.107421875, 0.73828125, -0.474609375, 0.9140625, 0.359375, 0.0010223388671875, 0.1455078125, -1.6796875, -0.58984375, 1.390625, 0.3046875, -1.640625, -1.359375, 0.54296875, -0.1484375, -0.005279541015625, -1, -1.8984375, 0.1923828125, 0.1953125, -0.69921875, 1.828125, 2.8125, 1.625, -2.109375, 0.30078125, -0.255859375, 0.85546875, 0.140625, 0.00640869140625, 0.84765625, -0.8203125, 0.8046875, -2.125, 1.9921875, 0.859375, 0.439453125, 1.484375, 0.828125, -2.234375, -0.91796875, -0.859375, 1.921875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1527759322
Automated MRI analysis for identification of hippocampal atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy
Hippocampal sclerosis is frequently associated with hippocampal atrophy (HA), which is often observed on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Manual morphometry of the hippocampus is sensitive to detecting HA, but is time-consuming and prone to operator error. Automated MRI morphometry has the potential to provide rapid and accurate assistance in the clinical detection of HA.We performed a voxel-based morphometry analysis of 23 consecutive subjects with MTLE and 58 matched controls. Images from randomly selected 34 controls were used to create mean and standard deviation images of gray matter volume. Voxel-wise standardized Z-score hippocampal images from patients and the remaining 24 controls were cross-checked with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate sensitivity versus one-specificity rate for a binary classifier (atrophied versus normal hippocampi).The ipsilateral hippocampi of patients with MTLE displayed a significantly lower mean Z-score compared to the hippocampi of controls [F(2,67) = 33.014, p < 0.001, Tukey HSD < 0.001]. A classifier using the hippocampal gray matter Z-scores to discriminate between atrophied and normal hippocampi yielded a fitted ROC = 97.3, traditionally considered an excellent discriminator, with a standard error of classification of 1.173 individuals if 100 patients and 100 controls are studied.Automatic morphometry can be potentially used as a clinical tool to assist the detection of HA in patients with MTLE. It can provide a quantifiable estimative of atrophy, which can aid in the decision about the presence of clinically relevant HA.
[ -0.6484375, 0.40234375, 0.81640625, 0.75, 0.384765625, 0.052490234375, -0.70703125, 1.3359375, 0.369140625, -1.03125, -1.6015625, 0.1865234375, 1.0859375, -0.5390625, 2.109375, 1.3984375, 0.291015625, -0.2158203125, 0.2197265625, 0.62890625, -0.56640625, -0.07470703125, -1.2109375, -0.5234375, -1.203125, 0.10888671875, -0.9765625, -1.9375, 0.66015625, 1.8125, 0.70703125, 0.119140625, -0.90625, 0.09765625, 0.29296875, -1.2890625, -0.011474609375, 1.7734375, -1.4453125, -0.3203125, 1.515625, -1.6640625, 1.5859375, 0.2294921875, -0.5546875, 0.80859375, -1.2265625, 0.52734375, -1.015625, -1.2890625, -1.3515625, -1.0078125, 0.92578125, -0.99609375, -0.03564453125, 1.0703125, -1.1171875, -0.1328125, 0.62109375, -0.6796875, -0.671875, -0.68359375, 0.9609375, 0.18359375, 0.10009765625, -1.015625, 0.60546875, -0.765625, 0.306640625, -0.047607421875, 1.671875, -1.875, 0.232421875, 0.10009765625, 0.64453125, 0.671875, -0.130859375, 1.28125, 1.2421875, 1.3515625, 0.57421875, -0.365234375, -0.9296875, 0.267578125, 0.37890625, 2.40625, -0.1748046875, 1.5546875, 1.3828125, 1.7734375, 1.125, -1.65625, -1.578125, 0.384765625, 0.01513671875, 0.51171875, 0.5546875, 0.75390625, -1.484375, 2.09375, -1.203125, 0.91015625, 0.2158203125, -0.267578125, -1.15625, -0.96875, -1.21875, 0.89453125, -0.2431640625, 0.1259765625, 0.953125, -1.515625, 0.486328125, 0.1494140625, -0.337890625, -0.69921875, 1.59375, 0.0498046875, 0.3671875, -1.0390625, 0.1787109375, -2.171875, 0.259765625, 0.453125, 2.796875, -0.546875, -1.8671875, -0.0673828125, 0.484375, -1.2578125, 0.91796875, 0.73828125, -0.97265625, 0.265625, -0.0888671875, -0.412109375, 0.56640625, 0.96875, -0.447265625, -0.62890625, -0.193359375, 0.80859375, -0.625, -0.6484375, -1.9453125, -1.4375, 0.65625, -0.3515625, 0.734375, 0.2392578125, -0.1279296875, 0.09814453125, -0.59765625, 0.9765625, 0.37890625, 0.0220947265625, 0.42578125, 1.6953125, -0.29296875, -0.2333984375, -0.361328125, -1.9609375, 0.275390625, 0.4296875, -1.390625, -1.03125, 0.06298828125, 0.189453125, -0.10205078125, 0.03857421875, 0.7578125, 0.01806640625, 0.57421875, 0.1572265625, 0.83203125, -1.0390625, -1.671875, 0.25390625, 0.5625, -0.337890625, 0.09423828125, 1.21875, -0.890625, -1.296875, -0.259765625, 0.859375, -0.4296875, -0.5625, -1.0625, 0.98828125, 0.4765625, -0.80859375, -2.4375, 1.0078125, -0.0986328125, -1.2265625, -0.72265625, 1.8515625, -0.57421875, -0.59375, -1.7890625, 0.9921875, 0.32421875, 0.6015625, -0.51953125, 1.421875, 0.66796875, 1.296875, 1.0703125, 0.484375, -1.8984375, -0.380859375, -0.5546875, -0.158203125, 0.201171875, -0.546875, 0.142578125, 1.7421875, 0.76171875, -0.2265625, 0.7109375, 1.2734375, -0.42578125, -1.6953125, -0.296875, -1.4375, 1.265625, 0.68359375, 0.59765625, 1.0625, -0.28125, -1.3046875, 0.7578125, -0.043701171875, -0.44140625, 0.11572265625, 0.404296875, 1.5859375, 1.171875, 0.208984375, -0.30078125, 0.337890625, -0.36328125, 1.34375, -0.062255859375, 0.11328125, 1.3515625, 0.00157928466796875, -0.4140625, 0.353515625, 1.1484375, 0.52734375, -0.5625, 0.0269775390625, -0.498046875, -0.3515625, -0.1796875, -0.416015625, 0.8515625, -0.953125, 0.59375, 0.2294921875, 0.77734375, 0.2890625, -1.5234375, -0.55859375, -1.2890625, -0.9453125, -1.703125, 0.5, 0.49609375, -1.5625, -0.7578125, -1.390625, 0.26171875, 0.66796875, -0.310546875, 0.263671875, 0.625, 0.064453125, -1.578125, -1.484375, -0.51953125, 0.44140625, 1.203125, 1.859375, -0.3828125, 0.6328125, -1.0859375, -1.5, -0.41796875, -0.88671875, -0.81640625, 0.478515625, 0.4453125, 1.1171875, 1.3515625, 0.66796875, 1.546875, 0.484375, 0.8203125, 0.625, -0.265625, -0.4296875, 2.28125, -0.447265625, -1.5390625, -0.11328125, 0.271484375, 1.59375, 0.53125, 1, -1.265625, 1.46875, 1.21875, 1.203125, 1.4609375, 0.12890625, 1.84375, -0.404296875, 0.98828125, -1.765625, 0.72265625, -0.421875, 0.2578125, 0.306640625, -0.6328125, -1.0390625, -0.1259765625, -1.140625, 0.3046875, 0.486328125, 0.94140625, 1.3359375, -0.9765625, 0.8359375, 0.2001953125, -0.482421875, 2.375, -2.34375, 1.4140625, -1, -2.0625, -1.1015625, 0.78125, 0.8515625, 0.431640625, 0.1513671875, 0.77734375, -1.8203125, 0.1650390625, 0.1455078125, 1.453125, 0.0751953125, -0.036865234375, 0.58203125, 0.625, -1.4609375, 0.51953125, -0.89453125, -1.21875, -0.9609375, -1.3515625, 0.435546875, -0.828125, 0.62109375, 0.291015625, -0.4296875, 0.5078125, -0.2890625, 0.390625, 0.0000896453857421875, 0.40234375, 0.25, 0.97265625, 1.140625, -0.70703125, 0.326171875, -0.72265625, 0.984375, -0.671875, 0.3671875, 0.484375, 1.25, 1.1875, 1.4140625, 0.275390625, -0.8125, -0.29296875, 1.4140625, -0.73046875, 1.9609375, -2.5625, -0.58984375, 0.05517578125, 0.482421875, 1.3359375, -0.546875, 0.79296875, -1.1640625, 0.061767578125, 0.345703125, 0.4765625, -0.90234375, 0.91796875, 0.279296875, -1.09375, 1.734375, -0.515625, 0.189453125, -1.5234375, 0.71875, 0.90625, 0.2890625, 1.0078125, 0.00787353515625, 0.123046875, 0.27734375, -0.2138671875, -0.384765625, 1.9375, -0.0673828125, -0.84765625, -0.34375, 0.54296875, 0.388671875, 0.50390625, 0.2412109375, -0.4453125, 0.828125, 0.1708984375, 0.13671875, -0.1201171875, -0.6640625, -0.345703125, -0.890625, 1.859375, -0.142578125, -1.546875, 0.2470703125, 0.48828125, -0.1748046875, -0.09423828125, 0.51953125, 2.328125, 0.859375, -0.4140625, -0.55078125, -0.302734375, 0.609375, -0.31640625, -1.7578125, -0.296875, -1.7734375, -0.76171875, 0.310546875, -0.2255859375, -0.88671875, 1.328125, 0.040283203125, 0.91015625, -0.251953125, -0.455078125, -0.5, -0.236328125, -0.31640625, 0.205078125, 0.6171875, 0.10546875, 0.10888671875, 1.4375, 0.470703125, -0.66796875, -1.3515625, 0.40625, -0.52734375, -0.59375, -1.015625, 0.1923828125, 0.91015625, 0.43359375, 0.034423828125, -0.65625, 0.65625, -1.1796875, 1.453125, -2.546875, -0.5859375, 0.1123046875, -0.87890625, -0.1220703125, -1.0546875, -0.050537109375, -1.34375, 1.2109375, -1.7578125, -0.5625, 2.859375, -0.75390625, 0.408203125, -0.98828125, -0.83203125, -2.5, 0.06982421875, 1.234375, 0.79296875, -0.328125, -0.70703125, -0.1943359375, 1.1484375, 1.703125, 2.609375, -0.8203125, -0.59765625, -0.1259765625, -0.81640625, 0.5546875, 0.50390625, 0.25390625, -0.30078125, 0.328125, -0.77734375, 0.6328125, -1.6875, -0.546875, -0.30078125, 2, 0.271484375, -0.1845703125, -1.7265625, -1.2109375, -1.0078125, -0.90625, 0.87109375, 0.28515625, -0.1640625, -0.8671875, 0.71484375, 0.92578125, -0.1103515625, -0.4140625, -1.3515625, 0.3046875, -0.236328125, 1.6015625, 1.78125, 0.384765625, 0.8828125, -0.65625, -0.625, -1, 0.2412109375, -0.90625, 0.279296875, 0.283203125, 0.60546875, 0.0045166015625, 0.15625, -0.61328125, -1.0859375, 0.65234375, -1.7578125, 0.37890625, 0.373046875, 0.000904083251953125, -0.291015625, -0.0654296875, 0.23828125, 1.7265625, -0.302734375, 0.302734375, 0.271484375, -1.125, 0.63671875, 1.1015625, -0.671875, -1.0859375, 0.042236328125, -0.578125, -0.6328125, 0.0986328125, -0.431640625, -0.74609375, 0.99609375, 0.01531982421875, -0.99609375, 1.265625, -0.6640625, 0.96484375, -1.015625, -0.6875, -0.61328125, 0.578125, 0.55078125, -0.49609375, -0.546875, -0.203125, 2.125, -0.98046875, -0.057861328125, 0.78125, 0.59765625, 1.1328125, 0.2109375, -0.11865234375, 0.271484375, 0.71484375, 0.515625, -0.365234375, 0.29296875, -0.029541015625, -0.498046875, -0.5703125, 0.07177734375, 1.9296875, -1.34375, 0.95703125, 0.22265625, 2.140625, 0.71484375, 0.359375, 0.0201416015625, -0.66015625, 0.0223388671875, -1.640625, -0.326171875, 0.416015625, 0.48046875, 0.97265625, 0.83203125, -2.09375, 0.412109375, -0.60546875, -2.265625, -0.421875, -0.84765625, -1.6015625, 1.125, 0.85546875, 0.875, 0.298828125, 2.5, -0.294921875, -0.54296875, 0.44140625, 1.5546875, -1.8984375, -0.1796875, -0.482421875, 1.078125, -1.3671875, 0.78125, 0.4453125, -1.8359375, -0.376953125, 0.78125, -0.54296875, 1.25, 0.99609375, -0.318359375, 0.05859375, 2.078125, -0.78515625, -0.75390625, 0.53515625, 1, -1.84375, -1.1484375, 0.04541015625, 0.99609375, -1.53125, -0.6015625, 1.0390625, 0.5546875, -1.53125, 1.609375, -2.015625, 1.140625, 0.7421875, 1.6953125, -0.48828125, -1.6875, -1.1484375, 0.65625, 0.396484375, -1.0234375, -0.36328125, 0.7734375, -1.265625, 0.380859375, -1.109375, -0.11669921875, 0.78515625, 1.0234375, 1.4296875, 1.4609375, 1.4140625, -0.82421875, -0.392578125, -1.140625, 0.984375, 2.390625, 0.7890625, 0.50390625, 0.765625, 0.6015625, 0.2109375, 1.046875, -1.609375, 0.12158203125, -0.30078125, -1.109375, -0.275390625, 1.3046875, 1.8828125, 1.609375, 0.12890625, -0.40625, -1.2578125, 0.1943359375, 0.30859375, 0.322265625, 0.57421875, -0.431640625, -0.0235595703125, -0.9453125, 0.1337890625, -0.59375, -1.265625, 0.97265625, -1.7265625, -0.09716796875, -0.11669921875, 0.150390625, -0.87109375, 0.416015625, 0.1259765625, 0.294921875, 0.451171875, 1.421875, -0.46875, 0.443359375, -0.1884765625, -0.79296875, 0.328125, 1.0703125, -0.1796875, -1.3984375, 0.54296875, -0.8359375, 1.6796875, 0.48046875, -2.046875, 0.91015625, 1.484375, 0.26953125, -1.671875, -0.7578125, -1.3515625, -1.703125, 1.375, -1.40625, 0.6484375, -1.375, 1.5703125, -0.94140625, 0.224609375, -0.51171875, -0.7421875, -0.435546875, -0.96484375, -1.2265625, -1.3359375, 1.3984375, -1.734375, 0.9296875, 1.25, -1.2734375, 0.84765625, 0.486328125, -0.640625, -1.5078125, 0.57421875, -1.2578125, -1.0390625, -0.55078125, -1, -0.3359375, -0.65234375, 0.76953125, -1.6875, 1.0859375, 0.310546875, 0.6953125, -0.29296875, -1.28125, 0.88671875, -1.3046875, 0.1875, -0.91796875, 0.046875, -0.11376953125, 1.265625, -0.326171875, -0.8515625, 1.8359375, 0.8671875, -0.439453125, -0.984375, 0.77734375, 1.484375, 0.11572265625, 1.2109375, 0.52734375, 0.06298828125, 0.1044921875, -0.50390625, 1.1796875, 0.0034332275390625, 1.6875, 0.0849609375, 0.412109375, -0.05029296875, 0.263671875, -0.67578125, -0.43359375, 0.84375, 0.376953125, -2.5625, 1.671875, -1.8515625, -1.3515625, -0.6953125, 0.107421875, 1.7109375, 0.431640625, 0.0693359375, 1.046875, -0.0810546875, 0.4921875, 0.63671875, 1.171875, 0.95703125, 1, -1.3203125, -0.2275390625, -1.5546875, 0.3828125, -0.82421875, -1.0546875, 0.80078125, -1.0625, 0.6171875, -0.97265625, -0.5625, -1.703125, -0.0703125, 1.65625, 1.40625, 0.8203125, 0.88671875, -0.69140625, 0.8046875, 1.5859375, -0.400390625, -1.234375, -1.515625, -0.82421875, -0.37109375, 0.185546875, -0.52734375, 0.90625, -0.1123046875, 1.015625, 1.2109375, 0.53515625, -0.9609375, -1.078125, -0.466796875, 2.015625, -1.7421875, -1.7109375, -1.234375, -0.050537109375, -0.6953125, -1.3046875, -0.1513671875, -0.765625, -0.357421875, -0.7578125, 0.84375, 0.0947265625, -0.4765625, -0.83203125, -0.44140625, 2.8125, 0.98046875, -0.455078125, 0.8515625, 0.91796875, -0.68359375, -0.74609375, -0.408203125, 1.0703125, -0.81640625, 0.055419921875, -0.05224609375, -1.4375, -0.93359375, 1.0234375, -0.390625, 0.095703125, 0.97265625, 0.99609375, 1.0078125, -0.28125, -0.047119140625, -1.7578125, 0.8828125, -0.30078125, 0.7109375, 0.046630859375, 0.1953125, 1.1953125, -0.283203125, -0.484375, -1.9453125, 0.3984375, -1.46875, 0.2890625, -0.27734375, -0.52734375, -1.1328125, -0.87109375, -0.2734375, -1.4375, 1.5625, -0.236328125, 1.25, 0.55078125, 0.51171875, 0.13671875, -0.130859375, -0.099609375, -1.109375, 1.109375, 0.10400390625, -0.28125, -0.81640625, 0.66796875, 1.9375, -0.01409912109375, 0.26953125, 0.84375, 1.296875, -0.58203125, -0.1376953125, 1.1953125, -0.609375, -0.7578125, -1.359375, 0.57421875, -2.421875, 0.6875, 0.7421875, 0.283203125, -0.53515625, 1.3515625, 0.65625, 0.1123046875, -0.55859375, 0.43359375, -1.8359375, 0.4375, 0.1552734375, 0.50390625, -1.15625, -0.49609375, 0.08056640625, -0.7734375, 1.0234375, 0.8984375, -1.078125, 1.1796875, 0.7265625, 1.4140625, 1.3515625, 0.1357421875, -0.11474609375, -0.337890625, 0.8515625, -1.3125, -1.0390625, 0.89453125, 0.76171875, 0.30078125, 0.4453125, -1.1796875, -0.32421875, 1.1875, 2.140625, -1.5390625, 1.3046875, 0.37109375, 1.4921875, -1.453125, 0.8125, 0.71484375, 1.1796875, -0.49609375, -1.3203125, 0.06884765625, -1.9453125, -0.049072265625, 1.2109375, 0.53515625, -0.47265625, 0.55859375, 0.69140625, 0.302734375, -0.3359375, -0.7890625, -0.083984375, 2.625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1527918536
Estimating uncertainty in daily weather interpolations: a Bayesian framework for developing climate surfaces
Conservation of biodiversity demands comprehension of evolutionary and ecological patterns and processes that occur over vast spatial and temporal scales. A central goal of ecology is to understand the climatic factors that control ecological processes and this has become even more important in the face of climate change. Especially at global scales, there can be enormous uncertainty in underlying environmental data used to explain ecological processes, but that uncertainty is rarely quantified or incorporated into ecological models. In this study, a climate-aided Bayesian kriging approach is used to interpolate 20 years of daily meteorological observations (maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation) to a 1 arc-min grid for the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. Independent validation data revealed overall predictive performance of the interpolation to have R2 values of 0.90, 0.85, and 0.59 for maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation, respectively. A suite of ecologically relevant climate metrics that include the uncertainty introduced by the interpolation were then generated. By providing the high-resolution climate metric surfaces and uncertainties, this work facilitates richer and more robust predictive modelling in ecology and biogeography. These data can be incorporated into ecological models to propagate the uncertainties through to the final predictions.
[ -1.1484375, -1.0234375, 2.828125, 1.4765625, 0.263671875, -0.953125, -1.375, 1.078125, 1.609375, -0.1689453125, 1.1171875, 0.73046875, 1.28125, 0.5234375, 1.3515625, 1.9921875, -0.61328125, -0.310546875, -0.1904296875, 1.4140625, 0.1689453125, 0.7890625, -2.09375, 0.50390625, 1.546875, 1.4609375, 0.025146484375, -0.47265625, 0.59375, 1.359375, -0.08154296875, -0.78515625, -2.46875, 1.28125, 1.4375, 1.1796875, -0.33984375, 2.078125, -1.5390625, -0.10888671875, 1.359375, 0.361328125, 2, 0.404296875, 0.28515625, 0.7421875, 0.2021484375, -0.98046875, -1.3046875, 0.004364013671875, -0.16796875, 0.9140625, 0.279296875, -0.349609375, -0.2373046875, 1.6640625, -2.09375, 0.15625, 0.08056640625, -0.30078125, -1.1953125, -1.1640625, 1.0625, -1.8125, -0.2109375, -1.375, 0.96875, 1.4453125, 2.921875, 0.6484375, 0.53125, 0.53125, -2.109375, -1.2890625, 2.40625, -0.455078125, 2.078125, 2.40625, 1.9296875, -0.5625, 0.373046875, 0.6640625, -0.478515625, 1.4921875, -0.38671875, -0.328125, -0.111328125, 1.359375, 0.8125, 0.7421875, -0.9609375, -0.2255859375, -0.90625, -0.21484375, 0.031494140625, -0.50390625, 1.40625, -1.2109375, -1.2265625, 2.46875, -0.83203125, 0.703125, -0.94140625, -0.0869140625, -0.69921875, 0.12158203125, -1.1875, -0.12255859375, 0.70703125, 1.2265625, 0.9453125, -0.25390625, 1.09375, 0.2060546875, 0.9140625, -0.37109375, 0.294921875, 1.328125, -0.91796875, -1.03125, 1.265625, -1.375, -0.326171875, 0.90234375, 1.875, 0.74609375, -1.0078125, -1.7578125, 1.109375, -0.359375, 1.328125, -0.61328125, -0.69140625, 0.306640625, -0.1171875, 0.6875, -0.06884765625, 1.6875, 1.2109375, 0.65625, 0.31640625, 0.47265625, -0.60546875, -0.8203125, -2.265625, 0.12060546875, 1.484375, -0.8359375, 0.31640625, 0.828125, 0.1669921875, -1.5234375, 1.375, 0.53515625, 0.34765625, -0.416015625, -1.015625, 2.5, 0.7890625, 0.05712890625, 1.125, -1.0703125, 0.203125, -0.66015625, -0.9140625, -0.52734375, -1.9453125, 1.515625, -0.1875, 0.0625, -0.287109375, -1.6328125, -0.828125, 1.53125, 1.5625, -0.41796875, -0.85546875, -0.1953125, -0.484375, -1.3359375, 0.43359375, 1.6171875, -1.5859375, -0.6640625, 1.875, 1.8828125, -1.078125, 0.29296875, -1.1875, 0.28125, 0.71875, -2.28125, -4.34375, 0.5234375, -0.95703125, -0.12060546875, -0.5859375, 1.8828125, -1.453125, 1.6875, -1.4375, 0.53125, 0.23046875, -0.2080078125, -0.173828125, 0.66796875, -0.9921875, 0.703125, 3.453125, -0.287109375, -3.390625, -2.03125, 0.78125, 0.1591796875, -0.6640625, -0.49609375, 0.55078125, 1.5234375, -0.38671875, -2.125, 1.4453125, -0.466796875, -1.140625, 0.375, -0.3359375, -3.265625, -0.703125, 0.27734375, -1.4453125, 0.76171875, 0.69921875, 0.119140625, 0.66015625, -0.9296875, -0.796875, 0.625, -0.06494140625, 0.44140625, 1.765625, 0.1708984375, 0.50390625, -0.62890625, 0.349609375, 0.265625, 0.298828125, -0.8984375, 1.25, -0.46484375, 0.361328125, 1.265625, 0.1884765625, -0.86328125, -1.03125, -1.2109375, 0.2216796875, -2.59375, -1.6171875, 0.77734375, 1.09375, -1.5390625, 0.93359375, 0.310546875, -0.171875, 0.87109375, -0.62890625, 0.2890625, -0.83984375, -0.96875, 0.490234375, 0.609375, -0.341796875, -2.1875, 0.423828125, 0.478515625, 0.220703125, 0.58203125, -0.412109375, -0.353515625, 0.52734375, -0.30078125, -0.314453125, -2.359375, 0.19921875, -0.103515625, 2.515625, 2, -1.1328125, -1.109375, -0.63671875, 0.2451171875, -1.3359375, -0.212890625, -0.130859375, -0.35546875, 0.625, -0.5, 0.59375, 2.59375, -0.19140625, -0.12451171875, 0.8125, 1.09375, -1.1171875, -1.25, 2.625, -1.65625, -1.078125, 0.006622314453125, 0.7421875, -0.06298828125, -0.427734375, 1.109375, -0.189453125, 0.203125, 0.33984375, 1.15625, -1.4609375, -1.1640625, 1.515625, 0.2236328125, 0.7734375, 0.396484375, 0.49609375, -0.11572265625, -0.072265625, -0.43359375, 0.30078125, -2.234375, -0.2314453125, -1.28125, -1.5234375, 0.7890625, 1.6796875, -0.34375, 1.40625, 1.8984375, -1.03125, -1.4609375, 1.8828125, -0.6953125, -0.453125, -1.7890625, 0.69921875, -1.4453125, -1.4375, 1.046875, 0.96875, 0.42578125, -0.1533203125, -3.171875, 0.345703125, 1.0859375, 0.6171875, -0.69921875, -0.032958984375, 0.8671875, 1.7109375, -1.546875, 0.46875, 0.0537109375, 2.421875, -0.6953125, -0.466796875, 0.1884765625, 1.0859375, 0.357421875, -0.97265625, 0.3828125, 0.279296875, 0.7109375, 2.34375, -1.28125, -1.796875, 1.4921875, 1.8828125, 0.70703125, -1.7265625, -2.796875, -0.00933837890625, 1.75, 0.443359375, -0.48828125, 1.34375, 2.3125, 2.609375, 2.140625, -0.58203125, 0.08203125, 0.28515625, 0.3828125, -1.2890625, 0.203125, -1.4140625, -0.1279296875, -0.060302734375, -1.078125, 0.5625, -1.015625, 0.08056640625, -2.09375, -1.5390625, 0.107421875, 0.2470703125, -0.9375, -0.255859375, -0.01263427734375, -0.68359375, -1.625, -0.63671875, 1.2265625, -1.8125, 0.07421875, -0.2080078125, 0.75, 0.08349609375, 0.072265625, 1.6640625, -0.291015625, -1.0703125, 0.0235595703125, 0.2431640625, 1.4609375, -1.5390625, -1.3359375, -0.392578125, 0.259765625, -1.2890625, -0.390625, -1.3203125, -1.0859375, -0.162109375, 0.8828125, -1.2890625, -1.3828125, -1.2109375, -0.76171875, -0.3515625, 1.03125, -0.58203125, 0.201171875, -0.31640625, -0.86328125, 1.4921875, 2.125, 1.25, 0.421875, 0.248046875, 1.8203125, -0.212890625, 1.5, 0.68359375, -2.3125, -0.443359375, -1.65625, 0.31640625, 0.1103515625, -0.004364013671875, -0.4296875, -0.451171875, 1.2265625, -0.322265625, -0.78125, 1.078125, 0.80859375, 0.11767578125, -0.69140625, -0.47265625, 0.0234375, -0.279296875, 1.640625, 1.59375, 1.2734375, 0.80078125, -0.56640625, 1.4140625, 1.125, -0.49609375, 0.89453125, -1.9375, 1.1875, 0.0859375, 0.4765625, 0.333984375, 0.2373046875, 0.22265625, 0.51171875, 0.4609375, -0.2099609375, 0.96484375, -0.349609375, 0.3046875, 0.458984375, 0.1728515625, -0.60546875, 0.38671875, -0.83203125, 0.72265625, 0.65234375, -0.65234375, 1.171875, -0.45703125, 0.3125, -1.921875, -0.0022735595703125, 0.9296875, 1.1796875, 0.8828125, -0.74609375, 1.15625, -0.73046875, 0.80078125, 2.109375, -1.9765625, -1.6875, 1.5390625, -0.9765625, 2.203125, -0.244140625, -0.56640625, 0.380859375, 1.8671875, -0.72265625, -1.4609375, -0.75390625, 0.322265625, -0.90234375, 1.90625, -0.359375, -0.8203125, -1.78125, -0.1669921875, 0.0311279296875, 0.94140625, 1.078125, 0.2158203125, 0.035400390625, 1.0234375, -0.83203125, 2.0625, -0.08544921875, -1.0546875, 0.06689453125, -0.25, -0.0269775390625, 1.15625, -1.328125, -0.7734375, 2.578125, -1.1171875, 0.1298828125, -0.4609375, 0.10107421875, -1.21875, 0.5546875, 0.58984375, 2.96875, 0.255859375, 0.2578125, -0.0458984375, 0.08837890625, 1.2734375, -1.3828125, -0.045166015625, 3.3125, -0.1416015625, 0.76953125, 0.74609375, -0.6953125, 2.546875, -0.2734375, -0.11083984375, 0.5234375, -1.09375, -0.97265625, 1.6796875, -1.1015625, -2.21875, -1.765625, -0.28125, -2.328125, 0.6328125, 0.93359375, -0.275390625, 0.055908203125, -0.498046875, 0.326171875, 0.251953125, -1.359375, -0.173828125, -1.3515625, -1.625, -1.203125, -0.78125, 0.89453125, 0.322265625, -0.4765625, 1.734375, 2.59375, 0.392578125, 0.462890625, -1.4140625, 0.059814453125, -0.314453125, 0.6875, 0.95703125, -0.091796875, -0.0849609375, 0.2265625, 1.3984375, 0.328125, -1.0625, -2.171875, 0.6484375, -0.388671875, 0.9609375, -1.3046875, 0.494140625, -0.68359375, 0.333984375, 0.67578125, -0.6328125, 0.34375, 0.404296875, 0.97265625, -0.25390625, -2.65625, -0.1123046875, -1.6171875, -1.234375, 0.275390625, -1.5625, -0.251953125, -0.265625, -1.1640625, -0.306640625, -1.1328125, -0.9375, 1.4375, 0.9453125, 1.234375, 0.58203125, 1.3671875, -0.59375, -0.28125, -2.0625, 2.875, -1.0625, -0.53125, -1.0859375, 2.53125, -0.98046875, 0.14453125, 1.1015625, 0.73828125, 1.703125, 0.75390625, -2.609375, -0.5625, -0.0203857421875, -0.6171875, 1.4140625, 1.40625, -0.68359375, 0.03466796875, 1.4375, 2.375, -1.265625, -0.306640625, -0.0166015625, 0.40625, -0.328125, 0.478515625, -0.337890625, 0.64453125, -0.1943359375, 0.17578125, -0.458984375, 1.90625, -3.265625, 0.78515625, -0.6875, -0.051025390625, -1.5078125, 1.328125, -0.07568359375, -2.5625, -0.8828125, -0.52734375, -0.298828125, 1.6015625, 0.84375, -0.546875, -0.1484375, 0.8515625, 2.421875, 2.578125, 0.66796875, -0.359375, 0.53125, 0.921875, 1.5390625, -0.76171875, 0.306640625, -1.9921875, 0.375, -0.0234375, -0.55078125, 0.51171875, -0.90234375, -2.421875, 0.9609375, 2.953125, 0.349609375, 0.92578125, 1.1640625, 0.166015625, -0.86328125, 0.251953125, -0.8359375, -0.0322265625, -0.173828125, 2.25, 0.7734375, 0.30859375, -0.1552734375, 0.306640625, -0.22265625, 1.0390625, -1.4921875, -0.59375, -1.1484375, -0.2236328125, 1.203125, -1.25, -0.06689453125, 1.015625, 0.625, 0.5546875, 0.76953125, 0.65234375, -0.74609375, 2.859375, -0.34765625, 1.546875, 0.44140625, -0.369140625, -1.2421875, -0.263671875, -0.9375, -0.61328125, 1.6015625, -0.447265625, -1.6953125, 0.1865234375, 1.015625, -0.8125, -0.05908203125, 0.423828125, -0.8203125, -3.328125, 1.2265625, 0.70703125, 1.28125, -1.6640625, 0.375, 1.828125, 0.040771484375, -0.03955078125, 1.046875, 1.5234375, -0.42578125, -0.01220703125, 1.1640625, 0.376953125, -0.30859375, 0.208984375, -0.6015625, 0.494140625, -1.1484375, 0.5625, -1.0703125, 1.2734375, -0.265625, -1.109375, 0.4140625, 0.90234375, 0.0302734375, 0.08984375, 0.6875, 0.462890625, -0.333984375, 0.345703125, -0.21484375, 1.546875, 1.4140625, 0.75390625, 0.474609375, -0.12109375, -0.53515625, -0.08544921875, 0.3984375, 0.60546875, 1.96875, 0.87109375, -0.92578125, 0.44921875, 0.21875, -0.2314453125, 0.859375, -0.9453125, 0.46875, -1.109375, 1.8828125, -1.2890625, -0.6796875, -0.25, -0.1328125, -0.59375, -1.6328125, 2.671875, -0.07666015625, 1.171875, 0.70703125, 0.1865234375, -0.00084686279296875, 0.83984375, -1.3671875, -0.94140625, -2.078125, 1.609375, -1.8046875, -2.5625, -1.7265625, -0.0986328125, 0.828125, -1.0859375, 0.94140625, 1.359375, 0.408203125, 1.375, -1.2890625, 0.32421875, 1.6640625, 2.953125, -0.3984375, 0.01239013671875, -1.28125, -0.318359375, -1.9296875, -1.734375, 1.7890625, 1.1015625, 0.6796875, 0.09033203125, 0.498046875, -1.015625, 1.2734375, -0.72265625, 1.171875, 1.6640625, 1.921875, 1.375, 0.69140625, 0.98046875, 1.2578125, -3.25, 0.64453125, 0.412109375, -1.6328125, 0.78515625, -1.7265625, 3.25, 1.4921875, 0.7265625, -0.60546875, -0.76953125, -1.0546875, -0.10546875, -0.2099609375, 2.34375, -0.1474609375, -1.4140625, -2.109375, 0.84765625, -0.3046875, 0.87109375, 1.390625, 0.6875, -0.283203125, -0.28515625, 1.0625, -0.13671875, -1.4921875, -0.220703125, -0.90625, 0.828125, -1.203125, 1.25, -0.6015625, 0.14453125, -0.91796875, -1.1484375, -0.6953125, 0.609375, 0.5625, -1.9296875, -2.96875, 0.76953125, 0.39453125, -0.031982421875, -0.78125, -0.1689453125, 2.328125, -1.0859375, 0.65234375, -0.19921875, -0.2177734375, -1.03125, 2.3125, -0.95703125, 0.0771484375, 1.09375, -0.953125, -1.5703125, -1.1796875, 1, -1.1953125, 0.59375, -1.0859375, -0.2890625, -2.1875, -1.8125, 0.3203125, -0.31640625, -0.53125, -1.9375, -0.546875, -0.9921875, 0.26171875, 0.1201171875, 0.62109375, -0.89453125, -0.87890625, -0.0277099609375, -0.953125, 1.2265625, -0.1201171875, -2.03125, 0.921875, 0.23828125, 0.3515625, 0.8203125, 1.421875, 0.055908203125, 1.5234375, -0.09716796875, -1.0625, 1.84375, 0.0206298828125, -1.5234375, 0.2294921875, 0.7890625, -0.283203125, 0.337890625, -0.033935546875, -1.875, 0.3359375, 1.6171875, -0.1416015625, 1.375, -0.8046875, 1.4765625, -2.5625, -0.08984375, -1.2265625, 1.703125, 0.00897216796875, 1.4765625, 0.76953125, 0.25, 0.044677734375, -0.29296875, 1.09375, 0.70703125, -0.240234375, 1.203125, 2.203125, -0.7890625, 0.90234375, -0.1982421875, 1.1171875, -1.4140625, -0.7421875, 0.287109375, -1.5234375, 0.7421875, 1.0703125, -0.01263427734375, 0.24609375, 0.4765625, -0.035400390625, -0.1748046875, 0.68359375, -0.62890625, 1.4140625, -0.11669921875, 0.62890625, 1.1640625, 1.0390625, -0.9609375, -2.03125, 0.71484375, 0.05078125, -2.625, 1.1171875, -0.341796875, 0.150390625, 1.6796875, -0.5234375, 2.53125, -0.54296875, -0.63671875, 0.91796875, 2.828125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1527989448
Role of Adenosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate and Its Specific Binding Protein in the Regulation of <scp>d</scp> -Serine Deaminase Synthesis
Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyAMP) and the cyAMP-binding protein are necessary for efficient induction of d -serine deaminase (Dsdase) synthesis in dsdC + dsdO + and dsdC dsdO + strains of Escherichia coli K-12, and for constitutive synthesis in dsdC dsdO + strains. Neither is required in dsdO strains, confirming previous indications that in dsdO mutants Dsdase synthesis is not subject to catabolite repression control. Since efficient Dsdase synthesis in dsdC + and dsdC strains that are dsdO + requires the cyAMP-binding protein, which acts at the level of transcription in other systems, it is concluded that catabolite repression acts at the level of transcription of the Dsdase structural gene. Since catabolite repression is reversed by the inducer, d -serine in dsdC dsdO + strains, it is concluded that induction also acts at the level of transcription in this system. The dsdC strains were found to be much more sensitive to induction by d -serine than are dsdC + strains under conditions of catabolite repression, whether the repression was caused by glucose or by loss of ability to form cyAMP or cyAMP-binding protein. This suggests that a d -serine- dsdC complex may be able to replace partially the cyAMP:cyAMP-binding protein action in initiation of Dsdase messenger ribonucleic acid synthesis—a positive control effect.
[ -0.66015625, 1.59375, 0.484375, 0.70703125, -0.142578125, -0.96484375, 0.380859375, 0.60546875, -0.2392578125, 0.4609375, 0.185546875, 0.357421875, 1, 0.349609375, 0.1064453125, 0.455078125, 1.21875, -1.03125, -0.9140625, 0.11279296875, -0.61328125, 0.78515625, -1.59375, -0.251953125, -0.0673828125, -0.1640625, -0.6015625, -0.1083984375, 1.46875, 1.5390625, 1.125, 1.8671875, -1.859375, -0.8359375, -0.3671875, 0.62890625, -0.0223388671875, -0.0732421875, 0.051513671875, 1.125, -1.1953125, -0.6484375, 1.0546875, -1.625, -0.427734375, -0.34375, -1.515625, -0.353515625, -0.1875, 0.28125, 0.040283203125, 1.0390625, 0.78125, -0.2216796875, -0.3203125, -0.408203125, -1.03125, -0.7265625, 2.03125, -0.8671875, 0.09765625, -0.82421875, -0.1171875, 1.0390625, -0.119140625, 0.2490234375, 0.51953125, -0.85546875, 0.546875, -0.298828125, 1.421875, -1.1171875, -0.30859375, -0.049560546875, 0.08349609375, -0.10205078125, -0.09326171875, 0.361328125, 0.83203125, 1.6796875, -0.94921875, -1.1875, -0.4375, -0.50390625, -1.4921875, 1.1875, 0.58203125, 1.75, 0.79296875, 0.447265625, -0.1982421875, 0.734375, 0.09326171875, 0.703125, 0.294921875, 0.77734375, -0.080078125, 0.0101318359375, -0.4609375, 1.7890625, -0.09814453125, -0.08056640625, 0.361328125, 0.328125, 1.1953125, 1.09375, -0.205078125, -0.8984375, -0.1103515625, -0.97265625, -1.0390625, 0.07861328125, 0.1318359375, 0.375, 1.5234375, -1.671875, 0.17578125, 0.263671875, 1.2578125, 0.2353515625, -1.1328125, -1.421875, 0.5703125, -0.83984375, 0.953125, 1.4375, -0.6953125, -0.5703125, 0.52734375, -1.125, -0.49609375, 0.6328125, -0.01300048828125, 0.890625, 0.224609375, -1.015625, 1.03125, 1.125, 0.30078125, -0.404296875, 0.2236328125, 1.3671875, -0.2314453125, -0.578125, 1.3203125, -0.103515625, -0.83984375, 0.65234375, -0.62890625, 0.7265625, -0.3515625, -0.83203125, -0.0185546875, 2.578125, 0.2734375, -0.16796875, -0.359375, 0.87890625, -1.6328125, -0.314453125, -0.79296875, -0.984375, -0.2431640625, 0.4609375, -1.09375, 0.2578125, -1.4296875, 0.353515625, -0.326171875, -0.326171875, -1.453125, -1.1015625, 0.77734375, 0.73828125, 1.8984375, -1.1328125, -1.2265625, 1.5703125, 0.51953125, -0.234375, -0.6640625, 1.6953125, -0.484375, -0.76171875, 0.5078125, 1.8359375, -1.6484375, -1.28125, -0.353515625, 0.88671875, 0.7421875, -1.625, -1.578125, 1.7109375, 0.345703125, -0.2490234375, 0.443359375, 1.0078125, -1.1484375, 0.337890625, -0.88671875, -0.8046875, 0.251953125, -0.0145263671875, 0.30859375, -0.1298828125, 0.5546875, -0.1572265625, 1.0546875, 1.4296875, -1.265625, -1.671875, -0.609375, -0.69140625, -0.6796875, -0.15625, -0.359375, 1.421875, -0.5546875, -0.369140625, 0.8984375, 1.640625, 0.92578125, 0.423828125, -0.68359375, -1.1484375, -0.2578125, 1.3125, -1.1171875, 0.314453125, 0.9296875, -0.00201416015625, -0.3046875, -0.84765625, -1.796875, -1.015625, 0.79296875, -0.10791015625, 1.15625, -0.33984375, -0.37109375, 0.4921875, 0.0054931640625, 1.4921875, 0.11865234375, -0.609375, 0.58984375, -0.1884765625, 0.12158203125, 0.049560546875, 0.29296875, 0.0038299560546875, 0.33984375, 0.65625, 0.341796875, -0.375, -0.271484375, -0.765625, -0.65625, 0.2275390625, 0.98828125, 0.3828125, -0.55859375, -0.61328125, -0.1845703125, -0.73828125, -1.1953125, 0.162109375, -1.0546875, -0.95703125, 0.4375, 0.1298828125, -0.04931640625, -0.4765625, 0.10498046875, 0.345703125, -0.40625, -0.58203125, -0.1337890625, -0.86328125, -0.380859375, -0.94921875, -1.2265625, -1.296875, -0.306640625, 0.4765625, 0.82421875, 0.703125, -0.27734375, -0.5078125, -1.15625, -0.56640625, -2.0625, -0.23046875, 0.9296875, -1.609375, 0.1533203125, 1.875, 1.0625, 0.921875, 1.4765625, 0.1494140625, -1.609375, -0.205078125, 0.58203125, -2.484375, -0.78515625, 0.1416015625, 1.6875, 0.0272216796875, 0.255859375, 1.296875, -0.28515625, 1.015625, 0.94140625, 0.97265625, 0.62890625, -1.53125, 0.11474609375, -0.03466796875, 0.8359375, -0.5625, -0.443359375, 1.3046875, -0.96875, 0.2158203125, 0.26171875, 0.71875, 0.1640625, 0.59765625, -0.73046875, 0.2333984375, 1.140625, -0.34765625, 0.1923828125, 0.5546875, -0.890625, -1.75, 0.404296875, 0.4453125, -0.01220703125, -0.328125, -1.4765625, -1.03125, -0.5625, 0.4453125, 0.125, -0.625, 0.5703125, -0.9453125, -0.26171875, -0.52734375, -0.095703125, -0.17578125, -1.171875, 0.94921875, 1.1171875, -0.58984375, 0.55859375, -0.01092529296875, -0.2490234375, 0.306640625, 0.2392578125, 0.2412109375, -0.380859375, -0.50390625, 1.140625, -1.4140625, -0.49609375, -0.41796875, 1.1640625, 0.484375, -0.42578125, 1.484375, 1.390625, 1.5546875, 0.6171875, -0.83203125, -0.6015625, 1.703125, -1.609375, 0.359375, -1.3359375, 0.86328125, 1.328125, 0.796875, -0.0059814453125, 1.2109375, 0.93359375, 1.3828125, 2.015625, -0.5390625, -1.3671875, 0.08984375, 0.1953125, 0.15625, 0.345703125, 0.275390625, 0.29296875, -0.984375, 0.248046875, 0.447265625, 0.7890625, -0.1689453125, -1.3125, 0.51171875, -2.515625, -0.408203125, 0.1328125, -0.61328125, -0.53125, 1.3515625, -1.453125, 1.3671875, 0.18359375, 0.1337890625, 0.234375, -1.4765625, -0.0771484375, 0.251953125, -0.3359375, 0.1796875, 0.2060546875, -0.69921875, -0.6640625, 0.89453125, 0.28515625, 1.53125, -0.5234375, 0.0302734375, 0.423828125, -0.435546875, -0.5546875, -0.1376953125, -0.69921875, 0.875, 1.078125, -0.45703125, -2.34375, -0.1826171875, -0.46484375, -0.314453125, -1.1015625, 0.46875, 1.1796875, 1.5390625, 0.11669921875, 0.95703125, 0.63671875, 1.78125, 0.828125, -1.9609375, -2.34375, -0.8203125, 0.1708984375, -0.33203125, -0.9296875, -0.30859375, 0.322265625, 0.09619140625, -0.67578125, -0.283203125, -0.6171875, -0.0205078125, 0.5546875, -0.25390625, 0.69921875, -1.546875, -0.61328125, 1.6953125, 0.65234375, 0.7734375, 0.0849609375, 0.55859375, -1.171875, -0.1435546875, 0.404296875, 1.859375, 0.96875, 0.09130859375, 0.7734375, 0.040283203125, -1.1796875, 0.412109375, 0.75, -0.3359375, -0.89453125, 0.2890625, -0.82421875, -0.33203125, -0.2158203125, -0.97265625, 0.546875, -1.125, 0.455078125, -1.125, -1.1875, 0.412109375, -1.421875, 0.490234375, 0.412109375, -1.4453125, -0.78125, -1.0078125, 0.265625, -0.7109375, 0.859375, 1.28125, -2.3125, 0.3515625, 1.0859375, 1.2265625, -1.1875, -0.62109375, -0.5390625, 1.1640625, 1.953125, 0.63671875, 1.015625, -1.2265625, 0.298828125, -0.5703125, -0.71484375, 1.015625, 0.427734375, 0.25390625, 1.3203125, -0.2490234375, -0.044921875, -0.224609375, -1.375, 0.59375, 0.57421875, 0.49609375, 0.75, -0.10205078125, 0.10791015625, 0.7734375, -0.470703125, -0.6953125, -0.458984375, 1.1484375, -0.027099609375, 0.984375, 1.09375, -0.26171875, 0.5234375, 0.94140625, -0.310546875, 0.890625, -1.9765625, 0.140625, -0.02685546875, 0.3984375, -0.69921875, 0.62109375, 0.1552734375, 0.1259765625, -0.60546875, 0.0859375, -0.62109375, -1.5, -0.1748046875, 2.34375, -0.51171875, 1.3046875, -0.435546875, 0.173828125, 0.73046875, -0.45703125, -0.58984375, -0.80078125, 0.80078125, -0.1103515625, 1.265625, -0.78515625, -0.92578125, -0.62890625, 0.01080322265625, -0.6953125, -0.041748046875, 1.5625, -0.197265625, 1.234375, 0.2216796875, 0.1943359375, 2.203125, 0.38671875, 0.04052734375, -0.6015625, -1.1171875, -0.0732421875, 0.388671875, 1.40625, 0.54296875, -0.62890625, 0.6171875, 1.984375, 0.8203125, -0.35546875, -0.66796875, 0.58984375, -0.01904296875, 0.95703125, -0.3984375, 0.396484375, -0.89453125, -0.259765625, -0.07373046875, 0.466796875, -1.390625, -0.44140625, -0.71484375, -0.1552734375, 1.09375, 0.19140625, 0.51171875, -1.015625, 0.404296875, 0.259765625, -0.44140625, -0.91796875, 0.435546875, 0.369140625, -0.055419921875, -0.5234375, 0.74609375, -0.890625, 1.0078125, -0.640625, -0.287109375, 0.625, -1.359375, -0.8828125, 0.4609375, -0.6875, -1.09375, 1.0546875, 0.53125, -0.287109375, 2.015625, 0.25390625, 1.078125, -0.93359375, -0.37109375, 0.6640625, -0.5546875, -0.89453125, 0.322265625, 0.73828125, 0.1005859375, 0.494140625, -1.0703125, 1.1640625, -0.365234375, 0.8515625, -0.765625, 0.1787109375, -0.69140625, 0.390625, -0.2080078125, 0.984375, -2.484375, 0.376953125, -0.1142578125, 1.0546875, -0.96484375, -0.74609375, -0.59375, 0.462890625, 0.55859375, 0.1865234375, -0.486328125, 0.9609375, -0.02490234375, 1.203125, -0.421875, 1.390625, -0.1435546875, 0.40625, 0.447265625, 0.58984375, 0.1845703125, -0.06640625, -0.84765625, -0.80078125, -1.125, 0.7109375, 0.310546875, -0.044677734375, -0.78515625, 0.267578125, 0.11865234375, 1.140625, 0.9765625, 0.0830078125, 0.46875, 1.609375, 0.271484375, -1.484375, 1.265625, 0.93359375, 0.8984375, -0.2158203125, 0.255859375, -0.6171875, 1.640625, 1.4296875, -0.10302734375, 0.64453125, 0.2109375, 0.0022735595703125, -0.6640625, -0.267578125, 1.828125, -0.024169921875, 0.85546875, -1.09375, 0.5625, -0.59765625, 0.05029296875, -0.2138671875, -0.56640625, 0.70703125, -1.6015625, -1.7265625, -0.6640625, 0.498046875, -0.302734375, 0.318359375, -0.6015625, 0.392578125, -0.408203125, -1.265625, 0.98046875, 0.30078125, -0.203125, 1.3046875, -0.1845703125, 1.0546875, -0.3671875, 0.7734375, 0.2236328125, -0.1689453125, 1.578125, 0.734375, -0.31640625, -0.75, 0.34765625, -0.3671875, 0.279296875, 1.0703125, 0.4296875, 1.0390625, 0.08154296875, -2.21875, -0.64453125, -1.0546875, -1.15625, -0.8671875, 0.4375, -1.2265625, -0.11328125, 0.4296875, 0.95703125, 0.859375, 0.80859375, -1.390625, -0.1298828125, 0.6796875, -1.078125, -1.2421875, -0.7109375, 1.09375, -0.0260009765625, 0.6171875, -0.11669921875, -1.6484375, 1.421875, 0.51953125, -1.046875, -1.0703125, 0.1806640625, 0.91796875, -0.93359375, 1.15625, 0.3359375, -0.5859375, -0.8828125, -1.6015625, -1.1953125, 0.275390625, -0.038330078125, 0.453125, -0.5, -0.3359375, 0.056640625, 1.171875, -0.5625, 0.486328125, 1.2890625, 1.2421875, -0.283203125, -0.423828125, -0.291015625, 0.6328125, -0.99609375, -1.65625, -0.87890625, -0.55078125, 0.212890625, -1.2578125, 0.77734375, 0.224609375, -1.421875, -0.287109375, -0.95703125, -0.384765625, 0.6015625, -0.162109375, 0.28515625, -0.427734375, -0.85546875, -0.1494140625, -0.1669921875, 0.265625, 1.0859375, -0.515625, -2.09375, 0.0262451171875, -2.515625, -0.82421875, -1.3828125, 0.625, 0.36328125, -0.9765625, -0.1162109375, 0.10107421875, 0.2490234375, -0.2041015625, 0.043701171875, 0.53125, 1.3984375, 0.4765625, -1.8203125, 0.296875, -0.91796875, 0.8125, -0.34375, -0.453125, 1.609375, 0.80859375, 0.142578125, -0.4453125, -0.337890625, 0.1953125, -0.67578125, 0.2236328125, 0.349609375, 0.16796875, 1.1015625, -0.353515625, 1.421875, 2.40625, -0.0186767578125, -0.48046875, -0.50390625, -0.228515625, 1.1328125, 0.94140625, 0.17578125, -0.625, 0.66015625, 1.03125, 0.408203125, 0.78125, -0.35546875, -1.296875, 0.1279296875, 2.3125, -0.408203125, 0.86328125, -1.4140625, 0.275390625, 0.408203125, -0.71875, -0.79296875, -1.296875, -0.37890625, 0.0615234375, 1.0546875, -2.421875, -0.044921875, 0.267578125, 0.63671875, 1.3125, 0.5703125, -0.154296875, -0.2451171875, 0.5078125, 0.63671875, -0.6328125, 0.74609375, 0.15625, -1.1875, 0.048828125, 0.94140625, 0.2109375, 2.203125, 1.03125, -0.5546875, 1.3984375, -0.02734375, -1.4375, 0.5703125, -1.046875, 0.40234375, -0.69921875, 1.59375, 0.53125, -0.6796875, -0.138671875, -0.890625, 0.75, -0.05859375, 0.10498046875, -1.453125, -0.1328125, -0.61328125, 0.03857421875, -0.046630859375, -0.87890625, 1.6015625, -0.58984375, -1.703125, -1.109375, -0.66796875, 1.046875, 0.50390625, -1.140625, 1.4296875, -0.349609375, 0.212890625, -0.2734375, 0.89453125, 0.6875, 0.291015625, 0.01220703125, -0.1826171875, -0.390625, -0.92578125, 0.21875, 0.765625, -0.2119140625, 1.375, -0.2890625, 0.97265625, 0.5703125, 0.048583984375, 0.478515625, -0.67578125, 2.4375, -0.62890625, 0.5625, -0.09814453125, -1.671875, -0.76171875, 0.671875, 0.34375, 0.87109375, -0.90234375, 1.7265625, 1.203125, -0.3203125, 0.318359375, 0.392578125, -0.21484375, 0.65625, 0.1328125, 0.6484375, -0.2060546875, 1.125, 1.0234375, 0.60546875, 0.38671875, 0.0264892578125, 0.341796875, 1.0703125, 1.453125, 0.875, 0.0361328125, -0.6015625, -0.2109375, -0.76953125, -0.53125, -1.0859375, -0.89453125, 1.4140625, 0.578125, -0.2265625, 0.1884765625, -0.59375, 0.8984375, 1.1015625, 2.328125, 0.375, 0.859375, -1.0390625, 0.65625, 0.7734375, -1.4765625, -1.53125, -0.66015625, -1.8203125, 0.09619140625, 0.9296875, -0.0223388671875, 1.3046875, -0.294921875, 0.84765625, 0.03857421875, -1.1796875, 1.328125, 0.98046875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1528181957
Expression of Rhizobium trifolii early nodulation genes on maize and rice plants
An IncQ multicopy vector (pKT230) and an IncP1 low-copy-number vector (pRK290), both carrying Rhizobium trifolii root hair curling (Hac) genes, were transferred to a Sym plasmid-cured derivative of R. trifolii ANU843. The resulting transconjugants were used to inoculate the monocotyledonous plants sorghum, maize, rice, and wheat. Transconjugants carrying the Hac genes on the multicopy vector caused a root hair curling response on maize and rice plants 14 days after inoculation.
[ -1.15625, 1.046875, 1.046875, 0.45703125, 0.310546875, -0.038330078125, -0.12353515625, 0.63671875, -0.154296875, -0.080078125, -0.76953125, 0.004913330078125, 1.7890625, 0.349609375, 0.91015625, 0.07470703125, -0.0869140625, -0.44140625, 0.27734375, 0.5859375, -0.890625, 0.302734375, -0.828125, 0.265625, -0.75390625, 1.1171875, -0.71484375, -0.7265625, 1.046875, 0.11767578125, 0.9609375, 0.52734375, -0.515625, -0.0003108978271484375, -0.75390625, 0.90234375, 1.3203125, 0.34375, 0.16796875, -0.82421875, -0.08251953125, 0.66796875, 1.6484375, -0.48046875, -1.4921875, 0.298828125, -1.171875, 0.1806640625, 1.2109375, -1.1015625, -1.734375, 0.08984375, 1.453125, -0.98828125, -2.328125, -0.443359375, -1.40625, 0.97265625, 0.2060546875, -1.1015625, 0.01611328125, -1.1171875, -0.2373046875, 0.1708984375, -0.431640625, 0.5859375, 0.4296875, -0.921875, 1.03125, -0.1591796875, -0.306640625, -0.208984375, -0.796875, -0.765625, -0.1650390625, 0.333984375, -0.32421875, 0.14453125, -0.251953125, 0.8828125, -1.6484375, 0.640625, -0.80859375, 0.33984375, -1.078125, 1.5, -0.388671875, 0.8671875, 1.1171875, 0.53515625, -0.53515625, 0.77734375, 0.2177734375, -0.5234375, -0.1884765625, 2.03125, -0.98828125, 0.33984375, -0.09521484375, 1.359375, -0.314453125, -0.59765625, 0.43359375, -0.1064453125, 0.484375, 0.6328125, -1.0078125, -0.5078125, 0.287109375, 0.9140625, -0.48046875, 0.302734375, 0.462890625, 0.376953125, 1.671875, 0.80078125, -1.234375, 0.7109375, 0.2578125, 0.14453125, 0.298828125, 0.1533203125, -0.73046875, -0.421875, 0.1650390625, 0.703125, -1.6484375, -0.421875, 0.69140625, -1.5625, 1.0625, -0.224609375, 0.85546875, -1.7265625, 0.46875, 0.88671875, -0.38671875, -0.443359375, 1.203125, 0.390625, 0.1123046875, 1.375, -0.51953125, -1.3515625, 0.205078125, 0.5859375, 0.2255859375, 0.5, 0.515625, -0.353515625, -1.3203125, -0.74609375, 0.10888671875, 1.9375, -0.466796875, 1.4453125, -1.3046875, -0.314453125, 1.125, 0.369140625, -0.1005859375, -0.41015625, -0.1552734375, 0.6328125, 0.34765625, 0.8203125, -1.6484375, -0.267578125, -0.37109375, -0.2041015625, -1.203125, 0.11328125, -0.291015625, 0.8203125, 0.7421875, -1.296875, -0.6171875, 1.4453125, -0.49609375, -1.1640625, 1.203125, 0.1806640625, 0.0025482177734375, 0.049072265625, 0.78515625, 0.453125, 0.11474609375, 0.20703125, -0.01708984375, 0.71875, 0.1904296875, -0.8828125, -0.9140625, 0.58984375, 0.59765625, 0.298828125, 0.06494140625, 0.21484375, -0.09716796875, 0.037841796875, 0.443359375, 0.91015625, 0.045166015625, -0.48828125, 0.361328125, -0.2275390625, 0.37890625, -0.2490234375, 0.33203125, 1.078125, -2.875, 0.0032501220703125, 0.353515625, -0.61328125, -1.109375, 0.1923828125, -1.0546875, 0.400390625, -0.330078125, -1.109375, 0.314453125, 0.69140625, -0.345703125, 0.27734375, 0.94140625, -0.828125, -0.197265625, 0.53515625, 0.09326171875, 0.796875, 0.8046875, 0.8359375, -1.125, -1.125, -1.21875, 1.8828125, 1.5703125, 0.7734375, 0.6640625, -0.58203125, -0.78515625, 0.474609375, -0.421875, 0.6953125, 0.4609375, 0.78515625, -0.09814453125, -0.9609375, 1.1796875, 0.2109375, -0.796875, -0.3984375, -1.1328125, 1.1171875, -0.4453125, 0.396484375, 0.66796875, 0.07470703125, -0.95703125, -0.419921875, 0.150390625, -1.109375, -1.1875, -0.1484375, -0.9140625, -0.435546875, -0.6640625, -0.6953125, -0.7109375, 0.43359375, 0.07177734375, 0.59375, -0.044921875, -0.625, 0.77734375, -0.10986328125, -1.2734375, -0.48828125, -0.453125, -0.52734375, 0.03759765625, 0.10888671875, 0.298828125, 0.1552734375, 1.75, 0.046875, 0.376953125, 1.609375, 0.2734375, 0.0849609375, -0.1552734375, -0.59375, -1.734375, -0.1298828125, 1.0859375, -0.8515625, -0.333984375, 0.95703125, -0.16796875, -0.00750732421875, 2.703125, -0.484375, -0.470703125, -0.64453125, 0.390625, -0.80078125, -0.484375, 0.17578125, -1.28125, 1.3125, 0.291015625, 0.208984375, -1.2734375, 3.203125, 0.119140625, 0.419921875, -0.126953125, -1.3515625, 0.02099609375, 0.703125, -0.2890625, 1.484375, 0.466796875, -0.0859375, -0.828125, -0.18359375, -0.236328125, 0.44140625, -0.08837890625, 0.921875, -0.97265625, -1.3046875, 0.78125, -0.6484375, -0.53515625, 0.88671875, -1.1640625, -0.341796875, 0.375, 1.1796875, 0.189453125, -0.6171875, 0.076171875, -0.455078125, 0.9140625, 0.80078125, -0.98046875, -0.66796875, 1.1953125, -1.765625, 0.306640625, 1.1484375, -0.26953125, -0.87109375, -0.21484375, 1.015625, 0.9453125, -0.83203125, -0.859375, 0.69140625, -0.5078125, -1.1015625, -1.1328125, -0.09912109375, 1.1640625, 0.33203125, 0.3046875, -0.80859375, -1.59375, -0.443359375, 0.333984375, -1.109375, 0.98828125, -0.1064453125, -0.09130859375, 2.21875, -1.1953125, -0.61328125, -1.140625, 0.00311279296875, -0.76171875, 0.7421875, -0.57421875, 1.2421875, 1.5390625, -0.3359375, 0.77734375, 0.0084228515625, 0.375, 1.359375, -0.11328125, -0.0247802734375, -1.421875, 0.12255859375, 0.56640625, 1.2265625, -0.1953125, -0.2109375, 0.5859375, -1.53125, 1.1484375, 0.875, 0.2255859375, -1.3671875, 0.359375, 0.1474609375, -0.6015625, -0.61328125, -0.30078125, -0.1435546875, -0.80078125, -0.421875, -0.53125, 0.53515625, -0.298828125, -0.82421875, 0.294921875, 0.26171875, 0.6953125, 0.6171875, 0.453125, 0.53515625, 0.384765625, -1.4921875, -0.5703125, 0.58203125, 0.2734375, 0.44140625, -1.84375, -0.478515625, 0.038330078125, 0.1943359375, 0.2734375, -1.5234375, 0.11328125, -0.2421875, 0.2734375, 0.41796875, -1.5546875, -1.1015625, 1.734375, 0.46875, -0.408203125, 0.48046875, 1.34375, 0.1650390625, -0.53515625, -0.296875, 1.1015625, 0.99609375, 0.404296875, -1.2109375, -1.765625, -0.66015625, -0.9765625, -0.78125, -0.66015625, -0.1943359375, 0.953125, 0.173828125, -0.796875, -0.396484375, -0.1767578125, 0.3671875, -0.703125, -0.34375, 0.88671875, -0.4375, 0.2578125, 1.4140625, 1.59375, 0.75390625, -1.484375, -0.75, -0.57421875, 1.5859375, 0.42578125, -0.41796875, 0.94140625, 1.359375, 0.62109375, 0.5234375, -1.3984375, 1.6875, 0.60546875, -0.1396484375, -0.048583984375, -0.5078125, 0.5234375, -0.2099609375, 0.042236328125, -0.953125, 0.8046875, -0.1484375, 0.609375, 0.451171875, 0.44140625, 0.8984375, -0.5859375, -1.3671875, -0.18359375, -1.765625, -1.859375, 1.0703125, 0.81640625, -0.041259765625, -0.361328125, -0.14453125, -1.875, 0.75390625, 0.29296875, 1.4609375, -2.515625, 0.06640625, 0.376953125, 0.77734375, 0.375, 1.53125, 0.138671875, 0.515625, 0.71875, -1.0390625, -1.1484375, 0.40234375, 0.05224609375, -0.345703125, 0.98046875, -0.2236328125, 1.6015625, -1.171875, 0.357421875, -1.0078125, -0.609375, 1.390625, 0.267578125, 0.1904296875, 0.3828125, 1.2890625, 0.703125, -0.205078125, -1.0546875, -0.375, -0.29296875, -0.369140625, -0.138671875, 0.50390625, 0.466796875, 0.796875, 0.51171875, -0.6328125, -1.546875, 0.306640625, -1.25, -1.125, -1.203125, 0.578125, -0.08154296875, -0.6953125, 1.3515625, -1.7734375, 0.1484375, -1.7109375, 0.4296875, -0.0791015625, 0.404296875, 0.46484375, 0.1533203125, -0.91015625, 0.365234375, 1.15625, 0.5703125, -1.171875, -0.4609375, -0.90625, 0.8125, 0.2353515625, -0.1318359375, -0.66015625, -0.578125, -0.94140625, -0.34765625, 0.375, 0.9140625, 0.9375, -0.76171875, 0.86328125, -0.1591796875, 0.6328125, -0.3828125, 0.25, -0.498046875, -1.0234375, 0.1640625, 1.0546875, -0.17578125, 1.1484375, 0.734375, -0.3359375, 1.171875, 0.5234375, 0.62890625, 0.57421875, 0.63671875, -0.33984375, 0.431640625, -0.2470703125, -0.2431640625, -0.1796875, -0.000965118408203125, 0.10205078125, -0.85546875, -0.3671875, -0.5234375, -0.02880859375, 0.11669921875, 0.208984375, 0.91796875, -0.90234375, -0.55859375, 0.52734375, 0.3515625, -0.6796875, 0.734375, 0.9765625, -0.1044921875, -0.310546875, 0.42578125, -1.0546875, 0.375, -0.56640625, -1.859375, 0.7109375, 0.361328125, 0.5078125, -0.34375, 0.2177734375, -1.5390625, 0.384765625, 0.38671875, 0.26171875, 1.0234375, 0.29296875, 0.96484375, -0.53515625, -0.482421875, 1.4921875, 0.92578125, -1.1953125, -0.333984375, 1.546875, -0.279296875, -1.0625, -0.126953125, 0.251953125, 1.265625, 1.5703125, -1.3515625, -1.1015625, -0.041748046875, 0.9921875, 0.341796875, 0.1337890625, -0.390625, -0.6796875, 0.734375, -1.2734375, -0.40234375, -1.5546875, 0.265625, 0.1689453125, -0.6171875, 0.349609375, 0.466796875, 0.1640625, 0.0062255859375, 0.244140625, -0.310546875, 0.60546875, 1.1015625, 1.1484375, 0.44921875, 0.291015625, -1.046875, 0.5859375, 1.046875, -1.078125, -1.9453125, -0.10546875, 0.6484375, 0.53515625, -0.3359375, 0.69140625, -0.1123046875, 1.0546875, -1.1015625, -0.546875, -0.263671875, 1.0625, 0.04345703125, -1.6640625, 0.1572265625, 1.5, 1.2421875, 0.1943359375, -0.32421875, 0.6953125, 1.921875, 0.15234375, 1.0078125, -1.1171875, 0.1611328125, -0.8046875, 0.1923828125, 0.15625, 1.3515625, 0.76953125, 1.21875, -1.1484375, 0.255859375, 0.7265625, 0.0181884765625, -0.40625, 1.375, -0.10595703125, -2.078125, -0.66015625, -0.59375, 0.4453125, -0.8828125, 0.3125, 0.12890625, -1.421875, 2.125, -1.046875, 1.421875, 2.515625, 0.2734375, 1.515625, 0.83984375, 1.4375, 0.416015625, 0.65625, 0.96484375, -0.369140625, 0.1259765625, 0.287109375, -1.59375, -2.125, 0.158203125, -1.546875, 0.51171875, -0.055908203125, -0.099609375, 2.328125, 0.30078125, -0.91796875, -0.7734375, -1.0625, 0.6875, -1.5703125, 0.8515625, 0.0213623046875, -0.08251953125, -0.484375, 2.203125, 0.326171875, -0.90234375, -1.0078125, 0.3203125, 1.0390625, -1.28125, -0.4453125, 0.1884765625, 0.75, -0.427734375, -0.765625, -0.279296875, -1.53125, 1.5625, -0.490234375, -0.578125, -0.294921875, -1.421875, 0.1240234375, -0.52734375, 1.625, 0.59765625, 0.83203125, 0.01434326171875, 0.158203125, -0.94140625, -0.99609375, -0.55078125, 0.400390625, -1.0078125, 0.3515625, 0.59375, 0.59375, -1.09375, -0.4296875, 0.7265625, 0.72265625, 0.466796875, 0.458984375, 0.0986328125, -0.2314453125, 0.2333984375, -0.60546875, -0.109375, -1.6171875, -0.3515625, -1.296875, 1.140625, 0.0703125, -0.59375, 0.32421875, 0.65625, -0.30859375, -0.478515625, 0.16015625, -0.8671875, 1.7421875, 0.44921875, 0.78125, 1.015625, -0.01251220703125, -0.26171875, -0.04248046875, -1.703125, -0.0859375, -0.80859375, -0.8828125, -1.515625, -0.69140625, -0.84765625, -0.3671875, -0.2021484375, -0.7265625, -0.921875, 0.404296875, 0.88671875, 0.609375, 1.890625, -0.060791015625, -1.359375, 0.5390625, -2.484375, 0.16796875, -0.7421875, 0.2294921875, 1.2890625, -0.271484375, 0.6875, -0.77734375, -0.73828125, -0.173828125, 0.95703125, -0.5390625, 2.609375, 0.77734375, 1.1171875, -0.220703125, 1.6015625, 2.28125, -1.203125, -1.53125, -0.0269775390625, -1.3515625, -0.1875, 1.625, -0.435546875, 0.2890625, -0.1171875, -0.7734375, -0.76171875, 0.109375, -0.921875, -0.1787109375, 0.021240234375, 2.796875, -0.50390625, 1.078125, -0.82421875, 1.1640625, 0.91796875, -1.6015625, 0.234375, -0.734375, -0.25390625, 0.064453125, -0.4921875, -0.81640625, -0.59765625, -1.1796875, 0.25390625, 0.185546875, 0.58203125, -0.2099609375, 0.00119781494140625, 0.353515625, -0.5078125, -0.220703125, -0.890625, 0.2353515625, -0.400390625, -0.1572265625, 0.255859375, -0.40625, 1.4765625, 0.265625, -0.82421875, -0.875, 0.451171875, -0.2890625, 0.365234375, 1.4140625, 0.29296875, 0.359375, -0.4921875, 0.8203125, -0.58984375, -0.494140625, -0.2099609375, 0.87109375, 0.45703125, -0.275390625, -1.28125, -1.015625, -0.384765625, -0.07177734375, -1.859375, -0.1279296875, 0.98046875, -0.83203125, -1.6953125, -1.109375, 0.8984375, 0.1455078125, 1.7890625, -0.89453125, 1.125, 0.59375, 0.267578125, 2.09375, -0.86328125, 0.7421875, -0.4453125, 0.0069580078125, 0.34765625, -0.26953125, -0.734375, -0.2177734375, 0.62109375, 0.10107421875, 1.328125, -0.6328125, 0.11181640625, 1.5390625, 0.57421875, 0.09521484375, 0.337890625, 2.0625, -0.984375, 0.11962890625, -0.4375, 0.353515625, 0.0634765625, 1.328125, 1.4140625, -0.7578125, -0.8828125, -0.1513671875, -0.251953125, 0.050537109375, -0.87890625, 1.2421875, 0.3359375, 1.0703125, 0.859375, 1.75, 0.46875, -0.037841796875, -0.134765625, -0.5078125, -0.197265625, -0.8125, 0.82421875, 0.8515625, 0.1396484375, 0.75, 0.34765625, -0.5078125, -0.2734375, 0.1318359375, -1.3125, 0.53125, -0.5234375, 0.10302734375, -1.3984375, 0.169921875, -0.62890625, -0.94921875, 0.337890625, -0.1689453125, 1.453125, 0.0625, -0.2177734375, -0.35546875, -0.061767578125, 0.01251220703125, -0.9609375, -0.349609375, -0.8515625, 0.033203125, 0.75, 0.455078125, 1.296875, 0.1669921875, -0.396484375, 0.396484375, -0.345703125, -1.3203125, 0.46484375, 1.828125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1528189893
Diel vertical migration and spatial overlap between fish larvae and zooplankton in two tropical lakes, Brazil
The effect of fish larvae on the diel vertical migration of the zooplankton community was investigated in two tropical lakes, Finado Raimundo and Pintado lakes, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Nocturnal and diurnal samplings were conducted in the limnetic region of each lake for 10 consecutive months from April 2008 to January 2009. The zooplankton community presented a wide range of responses to the predation pressure exerted by fish larvae in both environments, while fish larvae showed a typical pattern of normal diel vertical migration. Our results also demonstrated that the diel vertical migration is an important behaviour to avoid predation, since it reduces the spatial overlap between prey and potential predator, thus supporting the hypothesis that vertical migration is a defence mechanism against predation.
[ -1.7421875, -0.3203125, 0.412109375, 0.22265625, -0.169921875, -0.28515625, -0.224609375, 1.34375, 0.322265625, -1.203125, -0.02099609375, 0.6953125, 0.30078125, 0.953125, 0.95703125, 0.310546875, 0.2578125, -1.5859375, -0.71484375, 0.84375, -0.48046875, 0.52734375, -3.03125, 0.474609375, 1.015625, 1.9296875, -0.59375, -1.0390625, 0.83984375, 1.15625, 0.578125, 1.125, -3.140625, -1.140625, 0.099609375, -0.06787109375, -0.08740234375, -0.37890625, -1.65625, 0.16015625, 1.328125, -0.421875, 0.53515625, 0.006683349609375, -0.40625, 0.01513671875, -1.6171875, -0.66015625, -0.07958984375, -1.4921875, -0.89453125, -0.4375, 0.65234375, 0.99609375, -0.427734375, 0.1552734375, -1.5625, -0.46484375, 0.8203125, 0.46875, -1.515625, -1.84375, -0.5859375, -0.1396484375, 0.494140625, -0.369140625, 0.546875, -1.0078125, 1.2890625, -0.287109375, -0.373046875, 0.4609375, 0.66796875, -1.375, 0.7109375, -0.296875, 0.59375, -1.296875, 0.50390625, -0.0791015625, -0.058837890625, -1.375, -1.0390625, 1.8984375, -1.2265625, 0.1630859375, -1.7734375, 1, 0.828125, 1.2109375, -0.6328125, 0.294921875, 1.3046875, -1.0703125, -0.2578125, -0.455078125, -0.33984375, 0.5703125, -2.234375, 0.51171875, -0.486328125, -1.796875, -0.8046875, 0.267578125, 0.50390625, 1.109375, -0.1064453125, -1.03125, 0.8359375, 0.5234375, 0.56640625, 0.25390625, 0.08447265625, 0.251953125, -0.06689453125, 0.306640625, -0.482421875, -0.65234375, -0.75, -0.39453125, -1.375, -1.1796875, 0.291015625, 0.87109375, 1.9765625, -0.7734375, -2.40625, -0.6640625, 0.287109375, -1.5, 1.0546875, 0.95703125, 0.921875, 2.59375, -0.275390625, -0.349609375, -0.322265625, -0.1552734375, 0.76171875, 0.287109375, -0.4140625, 1.578125, -0.55859375, -0.07177734375, -0.984375, -0.478515625, 0.3984375, 0.90625, 1.9375, 1.1328125, 0.9453125, -1.4921875, 0.046630859375, 2.3125, 0.78125, -0.2578125, -1.25, 2.46875, 0.5, -0.73828125, 0.97265625, -0.828125, 0.62890625, -0.83203125, -1.96875, -0.08837890625, 1.234375, 0.62890625, -0.59375, 0.66796875, -1.859375, -0.8125, -0.353515625, 0.349609375, -0.5390625, 0.05419921875, -0.1044921875, 0.07080078125, 0.51953125, 0.67578125, -0.3203125, 1.1875, -0.859375, -0.37109375, -0.035888671875, 1.359375, -0.87890625, 0.6015625, -0.7109375, 0.08349609375, 0.361328125, -1.8203125, -0.875, 0.92578125, -0.07373046875, -0.921875, 0.88671875, 0.69921875, -0.6875, 1.2578125, -0.9765625, 0.80859375, -1.1640625, 0.059814453125, -0.236328125, -0.490234375, -0.462890625, 0.392578125, 0.28515625, 1.734375, -1.6171875, -0.9921875, -1.078125, 0.6484375, -0.50390625, -0.8125, 0.60546875, 0.2890625, -0.185546875, -2.140625, 0.06396484375, 0.345703125, 0.0654296875, 0.66015625, -0.09130859375, -1.59375, 1.0390625, 1.3046875, -0.671875, -0.66015625, 0.921875, -0.48046875, -0.400390625, -0.81640625, 1.1171875, 0.291015625, -0.36328125, 0.11865234375, 0.51953125, -0.458984375, 1.34375, -0.412109375, -0.61328125, 0.609375, 1.0390625, -0.423828125, -0.466796875, -0.59375, -0.427734375, -0.1767578125, 0.98046875, -1.6328125, -0.3984375, -1, 0.0712890625, -0.58203125, -0.466796875, -0.1396484375, 2.109375, -1.1484375, -0.271484375, 0.042724609375, -0.8671875, 1.484375, 0.8828125, -1.1171875, -0.46875, 0.369140625, -0.9609375, -0.08935546875, -1.3359375, -1.2421875, 0.77734375, 0.5625, 0.51953125, 0.1923828125, -0.48828125, -0.765625, 0.75390625, -0.80859375, 0.291015625, -0.78125, -0.150390625, 0.828125, 2.046875, 0.216796875, 0.333984375, 0.45703125, -0.9296875, -0.5390625, -0.50390625, -0.4140625, 1.0078125, 1.3125, -0.11962890625, -0.7734375, 0.2890625, 1.109375, 0.2060546875, 0.12353515625, 0.0255126953125, 0.62890625, -2.203125, -0.91796875, 2.34375, -0.79296875, -0.8984375, -0.9921875, 1.3828125, -0.72265625, 0.251953125, -0.57421875, -1.03125, 0.08984375, -0.1181640625, -1.46875, -1.3125, -1.3671875, 1.6796875, -0.345703125, 1.140625, 0.62109375, 1.2265625, 0.470703125, 0.6171875, -0.5234375, -1.078125, -1.03125, -0.85546875, 0.482421875, 0.58984375, 0.79296875, 1.390625, -0.1494140625, -0.546875, 0.55078125, -0.041748046875, 0.298828125, 1.265625, -1.21875, 0.3984375, -0.412109375, -0.263671875, -1.890625, 1.25, 0.59375, 1.15625, -1.1328125, 0.95703125, -2.203125, 0.330078125, -1.0390625, 2, -0.0281982421875, -1.1640625, 0.455078125, 1.5859375, 0.03515625, -0.10693359375, 0.80078125, 0.16796875, 1.046875, -1.3828125, 0.98046875, -0.66015625, -0.197265625, 0.23828125, -0.298828125, -0.53515625, 0.2353515625, 2.703125, -1.1640625, -1.515625, -0.75, 1.53125, 0.043701171875, -1.5546875, -1.1484375, -0.294921875, 1.2890625, -0.0751953125, -0.33203125, 0.68359375, 0.953125, 1.4296875, 1.078125, 0.51953125, -1.1796875, -0.515625, 1.046875, -1.2578125, 1.1328125, -1.359375, -0.71484375, -1.0859375, 0.55859375, 0.42578125, -1.6015625, -1.046875, -1.2734375, -0.625, -0.51171875, 0.326171875, -1.9296875, 0.1357421875, 0.62890625, -0.236328125, -1.078125, 0.00909423828125, -0.8828125, -1.0625, 1.203125, -0.85546875, -0.5234375, 0.703125, -1.8671875, 1.078125, -0.83203125, -0.71484375, -0.91015625, 0.7734375, -0.53125, -0.0888671875, -1.0078125, -1.0078125, 0.63671875, -0.72265625, 0.83984375, -2.9375, -0.0027313232421875, -0.4140625, -0.265625, -0.126953125, -0.30859375, 0.84375, -0.453125, -1.1640625, -0.0064697265625, -1.46875, -0.255859375, 0.984375, -1.75, -1.625, 0.08349609375, 1.7109375, 0.23828125, -0.765625, 1.8203125, 0.328125, 1.1953125, 0.61328125, -1.03125, -0.6015625, -1.5390625, -0.248046875, -0.6171875, 0.049072265625, -0.97265625, -0.51953125, 0.5390625, -0.2734375, -1.15625, 0.75, -0.11669921875, 0.08056640625, -0.158203125, 0.56640625, -0.50390625, 0.42578125, -0.23828125, 1.46875, 0.93359375, -0.6328125, 0.369140625, 1.5546875, -0.73828125, -0.5546875, 0.64453125, 0.17578125, 1.5546875, 1.15625, 2.078125, 0.271484375, 0.78515625, 1.1328125, -1.2734375, 0.28125, 0.0849609375, 0.035888671875, -0.1240234375, 0.89453125, -0.275390625, -0.14453125, 0.1259765625, 0.515625, 0.09912109375, 0.50390625, 1.8125, -0.8359375, -1.609375, 0.27734375, -1.515625, 0.1650390625, 1.625, -0.31640625, 1.390625, 1.453125, 0.65234375, -0.828125, 0.30859375, -0.11181640625, 1.390625, 0.1572265625, -0.0830078125, 0.6484375, 0.390625, 1.4453125, 1.1953125, -0.0595703125, -0.2353515625, 1.03125, -1.1171875, -0.94921875, 1.203125, 1.390625, -1.03125, 0.546875, 0.76171875, 2.046875, -0.53125, 0.062255859375, 0.45703125, 0.376953125, 1.71875, -0.419921875, 0.0123291015625, 1.078125, 0.17578125, 0.6328125, 1.3671875, -0.6015625, 0.1328125, -0.39453125, 0.11962890625, 0.94140625, -1.0078125, -0.53515625, 0.6640625, -0.45703125, -1.234375, -0.8203125, 0.388671875, -1, -0.41796875, -1.1328125, 2.53125, -0.2734375, 0.050048828125, 1.171875, -0.259765625, 0.11279296875, -1.8125, 0.291015625, 1.21875, 1.078125, -0.65234375, -0.1533203125, -0.95703125, 0.263671875, -1.4921875, -0.515625, -0.029052734375, 0.09716796875, -0.314453125, 1.734375, -1.1640625, -0.5078125, -0.357421875, -0.640625, -1.28125, -0.6640625, -0.0791015625, 0.028564453125, -0.6484375, -0.423828125, 1.78125, 0.412109375, -0.80078125, -0.015380859375, 0.5859375, -0.71875, 0.74609375, 0.3125, 0.54296875, 0.2294921875, -0.0419921875, 0.10302734375, 1.4453125, -0.828125, 0.6328125, -1.5078125, 0.76171875, 0.8984375, 0.9921875, -0.30859375, 1.4296875, 0.02392578125, -0.357421875, 0.271484375, 0.73828125, -1.1796875, -0.36328125, -0.30859375, 0.296875, -1.296875, -0.48046875, 1.6875, 0.09375, -0.1708984375, -0.7109375, -0.1650390625, -0.296875, -0.2265625, 2.03125, 1.21875, -0.94921875, 0.061279296875, 0.10693359375, 0.42578125, 0.7109375, -2.203125, 0.359375, -1.1484375, -0.89453125, 0.01080322265625, -1.2421875, 0.044189453125, 0.1689453125, 0.98046875, 1.734375, 1.6171875, 1.4609375, -0.93359375, -0.734375, -0.73828125, 1.5546875, -1.2109375, -0.7109375, -0.98828125, 1.5546875, -1.734375, 0.8515625, 0.078125, 0.640625, 1.0859375, -0.1630859375, -1.6953125, -0.392578125, 0.90234375, -1.0546875, -0.72265625, 0.8125, -0.76953125, -0.8515625, 1.1328125, 0.84375, -0.1875, -0.048095703125, -0.1689453125, -0.13671875, -1.8984375, -0.8125, 0.13671875, 0.6328125, 0.294921875, 1.203125, -1.34375, 1.96875, -0.345703125, 1.0234375, 0.10205078125, 0.08056640625, -1.234375, 0.94140625, 0.6484375, 0.53515625, 0.283203125, -0.65625, -0.6484375, 0.6484375, 0.032470703125, 0.1728515625, 0.56640625, -0.45703125, 0.251953125, 0.23828125, 0.68359375, -1.203125, -0.404296875, -1.0625, 0.66796875, 0.029541015625, -0.765625, 0.5546875, -0.84765625, -1.5859375, -0.73828125, 0.62890625, 1.203125, -1.3671875, 0.7890625, -0.44921875, 0.330078125, -1.296875, -0.0167236328125, 1.09375, -0.79296875, -1.21875, -0.337890625, 0.416015625, 0.8359375, -0.1982421875, -0.06494140625, -1.0234375, -0.22265625, -1.0390625, -0.142578125, 0.0751953125, -1.609375, 0.1337890625, -0.58984375, -0.60546875, 1, -1.515625, -1.453125, 0.265625, -1.2734375, 1.109375, 2.484375, -0.05517578125, -0.189453125, 0.53125, -0.052490234375, 0.46875, 0.1552734375, 1.4921875, -0.9765625, -2.296875, 0.058837890625, -0.8515625, -0.52734375, -0.1728515625, -1.5625, 1.734375, 1.46875, 0.1787109375, -0.62109375, 0.3671875, 0.96484375, -1.34375, -0.3359375, 0.051025390625, 0.205078125, -0.69140625, 1.6640625, 0.69140625, 0.039306640625, -0.88671875, -0.40234375, 1.375, -1.578125, -0.44140625, 0.43359375, 0.96484375, -1.90625, -0.75, -0.5859375, -0.80859375, -0.76953125, 0.49609375, -1.453125, 0.55078125, -0.173828125, -0.296875, 0.4296875, 0.466796875, 1.0859375, -0.10546875, -0.06884765625, -0.466796875, -0.53125, -0.59765625, -1.6640625, -0.36328125, 0.95703125, -1.1328125, 0.65234375, 1.1484375, 0.40625, 0.75390625, 0.279296875, 1.34375, 0.6953125, 1.3359375, 0.6015625, 0.796875, 0.392578125, -1.09375, -0.4296875, 0.0023345947265625, 1.1953125, -0.73828125, 1.3359375, 1.0078125, -2.125, -0.62890625, 0.46484375, 1.7734375, 0.3828125, 1.25, 0.027099609375, 0.0986328125, 1.2578125, -0.240234375, 0.7734375, -0.4765625, -0.326171875, 0.51171875, -0.8984375, 1.34375, -0.515625, -1.3359375, -1.4609375, -0.74609375, 0.30859375, 0.3515625, -1.171875, 0.0029144287109375, 0.53125, 0.6640625, 1.15625, -0.051513671875, 2.359375, 0.7265625, -1.8125, -0.9296875, -1.390625, -0.392578125, 0.53125, 0.78515625, 1.3125, 0.443359375, 0.96484375, 0.349609375, 0.70703125, -0.474609375, 1.7421875, 1.0078125, -0.06982421875, -0.166015625, 0.251953125, 1.1484375, 0.33203125, 1.4921875, 0.201171875, -0.73046875, 0.52734375, -0.97265625, -1.46875, 2.328125, -0.23828125, 1.53125, 1.109375, 1.4453125, -1.0078125, -0.97265625, -1.1640625, -1.328125, 0.4921875, 2.40625, -0.55859375, -0.609375, -1.2890625, -0.5078125, 1.59375, -2.21875, 0.47265625, 0.052490234375, 0.279296875, -0.53515625, 0.97265625, -1.3125, -2.03125, -1.4921875, -1.1875, 2.515625, -0.55859375, 0.9296875, 0.412109375, -0.7265625, -1.1640625, -0.189453125, -0.11083984375, 1.5078125, -0.04443359375, -1.515625, -1.125, 0.484375, -1.515625, 1.1953125, -0.87890625, 0.388671875, -0.07421875, 0.92578125, 0.6171875, 0.63671875, -0.453125, -1.546875, 0.1875, 0.134765625, -0.65234375, -0.015625, -0.6015625, 0.88671875, -1.1484375, 1.3828125, -1.421875, -0.404296875, 0.4140625, -0.59765625, 1.3515625, -1.484375, 0.1455078125, 0.1201171875, -1.1875, -0.126953125, 0.4921875, 0.99609375, 0.455078125, 0.4375, 0.32421875, -0.64453125, 0.0830078125, 0.55078125, -0.259765625, 1.1015625, 0.1337890625, -0.75, -0.0003986358642578125, -0.77734375, 0.0306396484375, 1.21875, 1.171875, 1.125, 0.5, -0.25390625, -0.63671875, 0.095703125, 0.201171875, -0.93359375, 0.98046875, -0.734375, -0.380859375, -0.62890625, 1.3671875, -0.69140625, -0.0517578125, -0.91796875, 0.34765625, 0.7578125, 0.318359375, 0.6640625, -1.75, 1.5234375, -0.25, -0.400390625, 0.63671875, -0.043212890625, 0.06591796875, 0.080078125, -0.99609375, 0.1328125, 0.023193359375, 0.91015625, 1.046875, 0.73046875, 0.74609375, -0.333984375, 0.69140625, -0.71875, 0.50390625, -0.74609375, 0.421875, 0.94921875, -0.08056640625, -0.1650390625, 0.4296875, -1.5859375, 1.1875, -1.046875, -1.09375, -0.96484375, 1.46875, 0.3828125, 2.296875, -0.2431640625, -0.6328125, -0.038330078125, 0.67578125, -0.255859375, -1.796875, 0.3359375, 0.150390625, -1.3359375, -0.333984375, 0.1904296875, 2.109375, 0.26171875, 0.40625, 1.453125, -1.0703125, -0.89453125, -0.58984375, 2.4375 ]
https://openalex.org/W1528230621
Changes in preferences of gestating heifers fed untreated or ammoniated straw in different flavors.
We determined how a food's flavor and digestibility, along with an animal's recent experiences, influenced food preference and intake. In three experiments, pregnant heifers were fed a basal ration (7.75 kg/animal) of alfalfa, barley, corn silage, and a vitamin/mineral supplement from 1500 to 2200. Exp. 1 determined the influence of recent exposure to flavored straw. Animals were divided into two groups (n = 16/group) and fed either untreated or ammoniated straw with digestibilities of 43 and 58%, respectively. Within each group, half of the heifers were fed maple-flavored straw and the other half were fed coconut-flavored straw from 1100 one day to 0900 the next day, with no base ration. We then offered straw in both flavors from 1000 to 1200 for the next 5 d. Animals fed maple-flavored straw for 1 d generally preferred coconut- over maple-flavored straw for the next 5 d, whereas animals previously fed coconut-flavored straw preferred maple-flavored straw (P < 0.001). The change in preference was stronger when animals were fed untreated compared with ammoniated straw. Experiments 2 and 3 determined the influence of offering straw in different flavors, either in sequence (Exp. 2) or simultaneously (Exp. 3). In Exp. 2, we offered heifers (n = 16) straw in three flavors (maple from 0900 to 1100, coconut from 1100 to 1300, and unflavored from 1300 to 1500) and compared their intake with that of heifers (n = 16) offered unflavored straw throughout the day. In Exp. 3, we compared intake of heifers (n = 16) simultaneously offered straw in three flavors (coconut, maple, and unflavored) with that of heifers (n = 16) offered only unflavored straw from 1000 to 1500. In both experiments, straw intake and preference differed between heifers offered straw in a variety of flavors as opposed to only unflavored straw (P < 0.05), but animals fed a variety of flavors did not consistently eat more than those fed only one flavor. During a post-trial preference test, heifers previously restricted to straw in one flavor for 5 d preferred straw in alternative flavors, whereas heifers fed straw in all three flavors preferred unflavored straw. Changes in preference were stronger for heifers fed untreated compared with ammoniated straw. Collectively, our results suggest that palatability, as evidenced by changes in preference and intake, is dynamic and depends on a food's flavor and nutritional quality and an animal's recent experiences with the food.
[ 0.10205078125, 1.4453125, 0.484375, 0.388671875, -1, -0.053466796875, -2.140625, 0.67578125, 0.421875, 0.58984375, -1.4609375, 1.71875, 2.09375, 0.9296875, 0.94921875, 1.140625, -0.263671875, -0.484375, -0.333984375, -1.2109375, 0.97265625, -1, -1.828125, 1.0078125, -0.11474609375, -0.59375, -1.1640625, -2.25, -2.15625, 0.3671875, -0.361328125, 0.298828125, -1.9140625, -0.2119140625, 0.1572265625, 0.279296875, 1.390625, 1.1953125, 0.6328125, -0.28125, 1.125, 0.1064453125, 1.1484375, -0.59375, -0.6640625, -0.33203125, -0.671875, -2.203125, -0.55859375, -1.8671875, 0.65234375, 1.9140625, -0.009521484375, 0.625, -1.640625, 1, -1.7578125, -0.6640625, 1.4453125, -1.0546875, -1.9296875, -1.5, 0.0732421875, 1.5078125, 1.2265625, 0.71875, -0.78125, -0.359375, 0.7109375, 1.234375, 0.240234375, 0.4375, -0.31640625, -0.52734375, 0.87109375, -0.62109375, 0.068359375, 0.197265625, 0.73046875, -0.224609375, 0.03515625, -1.2421875, -0.0517578125, 0.80078125, -0.26953125, 1.578125, 0.380859375, 0.78515625, 0.322265625, 1.8125, -0.83984375, -0.05810546875, 0.765625, 0.70703125, -0.9140625, -0.98046875, 0.09521484375, 0.2080078125, -0.1845703125, 2.75, -0.57421875, 1.1328125, -0.64453125, -0.478515625, -1.4375, -0.099609375, -1.6015625, 0.29296875, 0.048828125, 0.91015625, -0.3515625, -0.142578125, -0.84375, -0.2734375, 1.328125, 0.453125, 0.455078125, 1.234375, -0.201171875, -0.19140625, -0.11328125, 0.98828125, 0.95703125, -0.1669921875, -0.138671875, -0.064453125, -1.7109375, -0.478515625, 0.62109375, -2.09375, 0.57421875, 1.265625, -0.6953125, 0.48828125, 0.5, -0.55859375, 1.078125, -0.4609375, 0.1123046875, -1.8828125, 0.11474609375, 2.078125, -0.404296875, 0.5, -0.43359375, -0.453125, 0.3671875, -0.2470703125, 0.8046875, 0.84765625, -0.6484375, -1.0625, -0.859375, 3.53125, 0.48828125, -0.162109375, -3.09375, 3.734375, -0.890625, 0.298828125, 0.515625, -1.578125, -0.44140625, 1.28125, -1.0625, 0.8125, -0.10009765625, -0.2109375, -0.9296875, -0.8828125, -0.84765625, -0.6875, 0.244140625, -0.470703125, 0.1455078125, -2.5, -1.8125, 0.53125, 0.146484375, -0.4140625, -1.3046875, 2.25, 0.00006818771362304688, 0.90625, 0.0751953125, 2.09375, -0.6640625, -0.08740234375, 1.0546875, 0.060546875, 1.515625, -2.828125, -1.7578125, 2.171875, 1.0546875, -1.4140625, -0.7265625, 0.8671875, -0.30859375, 0.2314453125, -3.859375, 2.09375, -0.1416015625, -1.21875, -1.140625, 0.287109375, 0.98046875, -0.0211181640625, -0.2197265625, 1.8359375, -1.1015625, -0.94921875, -2.265625, 0.625, -0.9921875, -0.166015625, -0.5078125, 0.828125, 0.98828125, -1.359375, 0.376953125, -0.36328125, 0.359375, 1.171875, -0.84375, -0.96875, 1.953125, 1.2109375, 0.0177001953125, 0.0869140625, 0.5546875, 0.330078125, 1.0234375, 0.41796875, -0.9609375, 0.7578125, -0.36328125, -0.029052734375, 1.65625, -0.099609375, -0.1474609375, 0.62109375, -1.78125, 0.1337890625, 0.70703125, 0.54296875, -1.0546875, -0.828125, 0.0123291015625, 0.2392578125, 1.9296875, -1.265625, -0.416015625, 0.314453125, -0.6328125, -0.0072021484375, -0.703125, -0.33203125, 1.109375, -0.2275390625, -1.8359375, -1.3046875, 0.68359375, 1.0390625, -0.61328125, -1.0703125, -2.3125, -0.51953125, -2.609375, -0.083984375, -0.97265625, -0.421875, 0.8359375, 0.1708984375, 0.95703125, -1.0625, -1.4296875, -0.205078125, -0.5390625, 0.2119140625, -0.453125, -0.703125, -1.296875, -1.421875, -0.349609375, 0.1943359375, -0.162109375, 1.109375, -1.9140625, -0.71875, -0.65625, -0.29296875, -1.8359375, -0.3125, 1, -0.2333984375, 0.3984375, 2.46875, 1, 2.234375, 0.5, 0.2890625, -1.5859375, -0.890625, 0.78125, 0.427734375, -2.1875, 0.66015625, -0.0673828125, 0.87890625, 0.451171875, 0.609375, -1.1875, 3.34375, 1.7734375, -0.126953125, -0.59375, -2.359375, 0.6015625, -1.34375, 1.765625, -0.63671875, -0.287109375, 0.6953125, -0.69140625, -0.73828125, -0.09912109375, -0.1259765625, -1.0390625, -1.34375, 0.265625, -0.2353515625, 0.3046875, -1.3046875, -1.5, -0.384765625, -0.6015625, -1.7734375, 1.6171875, 0.296875, 0.060791015625, -1.984375, -0.859375, -0.5859375, -0.5390625, 0.70703125, 0.359375, 0.2890625, 0.462890625, -1.3125, 0.640625, -2.265625, 0.177734375, -0.7734375, -1.4140625, 1.96875, 1.5625, -0.80078125, -0.69140625, 1.6796875, -0.185546875, -0.345703125, -0.11572265625, 1.859375, 1.0703125, 0.63671875, -0.125, -1.0234375, -1.6328125, -0.000568389892578125, 1.9375, -0.765625, -0.99609375, 0.47265625, 0.69140625, 1.78125, -0.255859375, -2.390625, 0.625, 1.484375, -0.73828125, -0.059326171875, -0.61328125, 0.287109375, 2.65625, 1.7578125, -0.259765625, 0.12158203125, -0.20703125, 1.8359375, -0.037109375, -0.02978515625, -1.296875, -0.84765625, 0.5078125, 2, 0.66015625, 0.2158203125, -1.1796875, -1.609375, -0.76953125, -0.01287841796875, 0.66796875, -1.4765625, 0.55859375, 0.123046875, 0.25390625, -2, -0.60546875, 0.248046875, -0.6796875, -1.4921875, -0.9453125, 0.26171875, -0.169921875, -1.265625, 1.203125, -0.61328125, 0.90234375, -0.8671875, 1.3984375, -1.5234375, 0.15234375, -0.546875, 0.9453125, 1.046875, -0.027099609375, 0.53515625, -2.0625, -0.2021484375, 1.1015625, -0.56640625, 0.63671875, 1.1953125, 0.23828125, -0.5703125, 1.4296875, 0.96484375, -2, 0.48046875, -0.45703125, -0.232421875, -0.90625, -0.390625, 1.4296875, 1.25, -0.12255859375, 0.034912109375, 1.1484375, -0.06494140625, 0.59765625, -0.95703125, -2.234375, -0.263671875, -1.7421875, 0.2578125, -0.1015625, -0.490234375, -1.4921875, 0.1103515625, 0.70703125, 0.251953125, 0.1943359375, 1.3359375, 0.8046875, 0.18359375, 0.70703125, 0.19140625, 1.1015625, 1.6796875, 1.0234375, 0.92578125, -1.4765625, -0.390625, 1.7265625, 1.5390625, 0.458984375, -1.296875, 0.041259765625, -0.703125, 0.70703125, 0.5703125, -0.7109375, 2.015625, -0.173828125, -1.4765625, 1.2421875, 0.89453125, 0.87890625, 0.86328125, 1.1015625, 0.06689453125, 1.2578125, 0.65234375, 0.4765625, -0.490234375, 1.421875, 1.8515625, 0.10693359375, 0.6484375, -1.5, -2.046875, -2.734375, -0.416015625, 0.3046875, -0.1162109375, -0.07421875, 0.60546875, -1.578125, 0.458984375, -0.06591796875, 1.2578125, -0.15234375, -1.375, 0.392578125, 0.51171875, -0.25, 1.171875, -0.51171875, -0.67578125, 1.3515625, -1.015625, -0.037353515625, -0.392578125, 0.41796875, 0.53125, 1.0859375, 0.66015625, 1.765625, -1.015625, -0.2470703125, -0.96875, 0.45703125, 0.62890625, -1.34375, -1.6171875, 1.140625, -0.111328125, 0.796875, 1.3671875, 0.609375, -0.251953125, -0.9140625, 0.283203125, 2.046875, 0.76953125, 0.251953125, 0.33203125, -1.6015625, 0.63671875, -0.75390625, -0.68359375, 1.09375, -1.2578125, -0.15625, 1.984375, -1.0703125, -1.8984375, 0.0146484375, -0.4609375, -0.90625, -0.92578125, 0.298828125, 0.69921875, -0.00860595703125, -0.421875, -0.55859375, -0.265625, 1.9375, -0.322265625, 0.6015625, 0.8203125, 0.8984375, -0.99609375, 0.96484375, -1.5, -0.91015625, -1.5078125, -0.8671875, -0.5546875, 0.7890625, 0.52734375, 0.5078125, -0.341796875, -0.99609375, 0.89453125, -0.330078125, -0.921875, -1.3046875, -1.2421875, -2.34375, -1.8046875, 0.283203125, 0.61328125, -0.498046875, -0.146484375, -0.1181640625, 2.046875, -0.36328125, 1.3671875, 0.490234375, 0.453125, 1.09375, -0.5859375, -0.80078125, 0.97265625, -0.478515625, 0.625, 0.11865234375, 0.275390625, -0.890625, -0.87109375, -0.3046875, -0.41796875, 1.21875, -0.6171875, 1.2421875, -0.83984375, -1.1015625, -1.8671875, -0.671875, 0.73046875, 0.890625, 1.09375, -1.015625, -0.51171875, 0.421875, -0.015869140625, 0.20703125, 0.263671875, -1.0546875, -0.0264892578125, -0.18359375, -0.76953125, -0.5234375, -0.3828125, -1.078125, 0.302734375, 0.6875, 0.2080078125, 0.97265625, 0.921875, 1.28125, 0.9375, 0.423828125, 2.390625, -1.4609375, -0.61328125, -0.609375, 1.640625, 0.60546875, 0.921875, 0.62109375, 0.7265625, 1.28125, 0.2275390625, -1.171875, -0.75390625, -0.5078125, 0.28515625, -0.11328125, -0.62109375, -0.376953125, 0.546875, 0.59765625, 0.486328125, -1.265625, -0.4375, -1.359375, -1.125, -0.90625, 0.208984375, -0.5859375, -0.169921875, -0.466796875, 1.0625, -0.197265625, 2.3125, -0.3828125, 0.1337890625, -0.05712890625, 0.412109375, -0.1494140625, 1.0234375, -0.32421875, -1.1015625, 0.353515625, 0.546875, -0.69140625, 0.93359375, 0.328125, 1.65625, 1.4453125, 0.8515625, 0.94921875, 0.66015625, -0.828125, 0.609375, 0.6953125, -0.3359375, 1.4296875, 0.046875, -1.2578125, 0.419921875, -1.0546875, 0.2177734375, 1.5078125, 0.41796875, 0.7109375, 0.1005859375, -0.36328125, 0.953125, 0.279296875, -0.0927734375, 0.1015625, 0.53125, -0.484375, -1.671875, 0.392578125, -1.1953125, 1.546875, -0.2041015625, 0.7265625, -0.326171875, -1.0234375, -0.5703125, -1.4453125, 0.75, -1.34375, 0.150390625, -0.17578125, -0.91015625, 0.34375, 1.078125, 2.203125, 1.2265625, 0.0146484375, 1.5703125, 1.71875, -0.2470703125, 0.11376953125, 0.76171875, -0.09814453125, -0.7421875, -0.392578125, 1.5234375, 0.78125, -1.09375, -0.126953125, -0.57421875, -0.44921875, 0.318359375, -1.8203125, 1.2421875, 0.3984375, -1.1640625, 0.3671875, -1.1640625, 0.01708984375, -1.7265625, 0.251953125, -1.265625, 0.4921875, 0.03173828125, 1.7109375, -0.0712890625, -0.0859375, -0.27734375, -1.0390625, 1.6328125, -0.7734375, 0.322265625, 0.94140625, -0.2314453125, 0.44921875, -0.98828125, -0.30078125, -1.390625, 0.365234375, -1.5, -1.46875, -0.84375, -0.91015625, 0.43359375, -0.7578125, 0.5703125, -0.498046875, 0.07373046875, -1.359375, -1.53125, -1.4765625, 0.6328125, 0.486328125, 0.06201171875, -0.3046875, 1.3671875, -0.017578125, 2.375, -1.765625, -0.2060546875, 0.62109375, 1.7421875, -0.197265625, 0.796875, 0.3671875, -0.12060546875, -0.390625, -0.6171875, -0.6640625, 0.25390625, 2.015625, -0.1328125, 0.8203125, 0.73828125, -1.890625, -1.8046875, -0.9609375, -0.62890625, -0.3203125, 1.140625, -2.609375, 0.259765625, 0.03271484375, -0.154296875, 0.953125, 0.7890625, -0.5390625, -0.86328125, -2.03125, -0.07861328125, -0.9375, -1.6640625, -0.86328125, 1.5546875, -1.7734375, 0.92578125, -0.8203125, -0.44921875, -0.35546875, 0.9375, -1.578125, 0.6875, 1.75, 1, -1.171875, -0.087890625, -0.86328125, 0.1787109375, -0.5859375, -1.9375, 1.1796875, 0.94140625, -1.0625, 0.224609375, 0.5390625, 1.53125, 1.6484375, -0.322265625, 0.39453125, 0.60546875, -0.00162506103515625, 0.4375, 0.79296875, 1.421875, 1.1484375, -1.015625, 1.2421875, -1.390625, 0.7890625, 0.322265625, 0.236328125, -0.1103515625, 0.84765625, 1.2109375, -0.1806640625, -0.65234375, 0.040771484375, -0.455078125, -0.90234375, 2.3125, -1.765625, -0.283203125, -0.37890625, 0.609375, 1.328125, -1.0546875, 0.3359375, 0.478515625, -1.5546875, -1.6328125, 0.1796875, -0.703125, -0.72265625, -0.6640625, 0.07763671875, 1.3046875, -0.306640625, 1.8203125, 0.6640625, 0.4140625, -0.2314453125, -1.53125, 0.9375, 0.48828125, -0.41015625, -0.11279296875, -0.0966796875, -0.83984375, -0.45703125, 0.453125, -1.75, -1.578125, 0.271484375, -0.265625, -0.5, -0.6640625, 1.421875, -0.69140625, 0.0791015625, -0.384765625, 0.828125, -0.60546875, -0.796875, 0.3671875, -0.7734375, 0.62890625, 0.2119140625, -1.984375, -0.0712890625, 0.52734375, 0.78515625, 0.1572265625, 0.81640625, 0.054443359375, -2.28125, -0.76953125, 0.890625, -1.25, 0.2578125, -1.546875, 0.248046875, -0.85546875, -0.84375, 0.0025634765625, -1.671875, 1.0234375, -0.373046875, -1.0546875, 0.73828125, -1.1875, 1.1875, 1.1875, 0.498046875, 0.88671875, 0.76171875, -0.2333984375, -1.078125, -0.5625, -0.07568359375, -0.5390625, -0.5625, -0.65234375, -2.046875, 0.6015625, 0.314453125, -2.6875, -0.87890625, 1.328125, 1.1875, 1.203125, 0.2021484375, 1.0859375, 0.3984375, 0.11279296875, 0.1494140625, 0.7421875, -0.34765625, 1.4453125, -0.435546875, -0.578125, 1.5, 0.78515625, 2, 1.7109375, -0.0123291015625, -0.1005859375, 1.15625, 0.61328125, -0.609375, 0.447265625, 0.515625, -0.75, -0.63671875, 0.5234375, 0.2333984375, 0.484375, 0.4375, 0.78125, -0.875, -1.546875, -0.3046875, -0.2431640625, 1.4453125, 1.3671875, 1.3359375, -0.125, 0.73046875, -0.6171875, -0.54296875, -0.0289306640625, -1.6796875, -0.2099609375, -0.330078125, -2.140625, -0.328125, 1.484375, 1.765625, 0.9375, 1.15625, 0.7265625, -1.578125, -0.72265625, 1.2734375, 3.15625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1528453977
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for a glycosylated polypeptide of human cytomegalovirus
Nine hybrid cell lines producing antibodies specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen were obtained after fusion of P3/X63-Ag8 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with CMV complement-fixing antigen. By the immunoblot technique, five of nine antibodies (4D11, 7B4, 7D2, 8E3, and 8E10) were identified as being reactive to a CMV glycosylated polypeptide with molecular weight of 66,000 (GP66). Four other antibodies (1B8, 8E9, 4D2, and 7E2) appeared to be reactive with CMV antigen(s) only if the antigen was not denatured by sodium dodecyl sulfate. These remain unassigned until further studies are done. With the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), competitive bindings were performed with a constant amount of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antibody and various concentrations of unconjugated homologous and heterologous antibodies on CMV antigen-coated ELISA wells, and the antigenic determinant specific for each antibody was determined. The nine antibodies could be classified into six different groups, each group reacting with a different epitope or a different region with two or more antigenic determinants which are so close to each other that they cause binding inhibition. They are groups A (4D11), B (7B4, 8E10), C (7D2), D (4D2, 7E2, 8E9), E (8E3), and F (1B8). The extent of competition among antibodies within each group was the same. By using the two antibodies that reacted with different epitopes on GP66, a double-antibody sandwich ELISA method was developed. The method was sensitive enough to detect as little as 50% of the antigen present in one infected cell or 0.000245 U of CMV complement-fixing antigen per test well. Other strains of CMV (David, Kerr, Espilat, C-87, and five clinical isolates) gave positive results, whereas herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen preparations did not. By the indirect immunofluorescence assay, antibodies 4D11 and 8E3 were able to detect GP66 in the nucleus of CMV-infected F-5000 human embryonic fibroblasts as early as 2 h postinfection and were superior in this respect to the remaining seven antibodies tested. By the double-antibody sandwich ELISA, the presence of GP66 in CMV-infected cells was detected as early as 2 h postinfection.
[ 0.921875, -0.01129150390625, 1.2109375, -0.5859375, -0.1796875, -0.6640625, -0.77734375, 1.9140625, -0.2431640625, 0.06640625, -0.8359375, 0.0137939453125, 1.4140625, 0.1484375, 1.9453125, -1.125, -0.7578125, 0.197265625, -1.7265625, -0.1396484375, 0.1279296875, -0.68359375, -2.03125, -0.314453125, 0.0986328125, 1.34375, -0.2109375, -1.1484375, -0.306640625, 0.54296875, 1.2734375, 1.484375, -1.1484375, -1.5, -0.236328125, -0.9609375, 1.0390625, -0.0224609375, -1.046875, 0.384765625, 0.82421875, -1.6640625, 0.8046875, -0.98046875, -0.8125, -0.302734375, -0.796875, -0.2138671875, -0.609375, -1.1171875, 0.1845703125, -0.408203125, 1.15625, 0.703125, 0.3671875, 2.859375, -1.4609375, -0.486328125, 0.6875, -1.375, -1.171875, 0.232421875, 0.90234375, 0.63671875, 1.359375, -0.10400390625, -0.64453125, 0.58984375, 0.83203125, 0.5078125, 1.3359375, 1.2109375, -0.375, -0.373046875, 0.69921875, 0.7890625, -0.99609375, 0.0830078125, 0.47265625, 0.421875, -1.1796875, -1.8984375, 1.640625, 0.10205078125, 0.333984375, 1.015625, 1.1015625, 1.2578125, 0.9375, 0.75390625, 0.3046875, 1.078125, -1.796875, -0.20703125, -0.7109375, 0.6953125, 0.9765625, -0.26953125, -1.4140625, 2.125, -1.09375, 0.765625, 0.029052734375, -0.5234375, -0.1435546875, 1.6484375, -0.73046875, 0.08056640625, -0.92578125, -0.6640625, 0.953125, -0.5859375, 0.9453125, 1.2734375, 0.515625, -0.640625, -0.60546875, 1.703125, 0.498046875, -1.21875, -1.875, -0.69921875, 1.1015625, -0.494140625, 1.015625, 0.49609375, -1.5546875, 0.8359375, 1.078125, -1.3671875, -0.302734375, 0.2138671875, 0.294921875, 0.20703125, 0.1376953125, 0.451171875, 0.56640625, 1.28125, 1.6328125, -0.60546875, -0.1318359375, 1.65625, 0.0224609375, -0.6640625, -1.1953125, 1.234375, -0.30859375, 0.1650390625, -1.6640625, 0.7890625, -0.3828125, -0.43359375, 0.48828125, 1.984375, -0.130859375, 0.5078125, 0.0025177001953125, 1.5390625, -1.03125, -0.6171875, -0.2001953125, -1.859375, -0.412109375, 0.69921875, -0.5234375, -1.5625, -0.234375, -0.1240234375, 0.019775390625, -1.484375, -1.953125, 0.07470703125, 0.0034637451171875, -0.72265625, 0.57421875, -0.357421875, -0.60546875, 0.86328125, -0.484375, -0.11572265625, 0.1796875, 1.765625, -0.470703125, 0.5390625, 0.81640625, 1.125, -1.4921875, -0.384765625, -0.9296875, 0.2060546875, 0.07568359375, -1.1484375, -1.671875, 0.8515625, -0.0654296875, 0.51953125, 1.28125, 1.1796875, -1.40625, -1.890625, -1.0625, -0.9609375, 1.09375, -1.921875, -0.0166015625, 0.1611328125, 2.46875, 0.58984375, -1.28125, 0.255859375, -1.234375, -1.0625, 0.39453125, 0.6484375, -0.51171875, -0.51953125, 0.369140625, 1.1796875, -1.203125, -0.16796875, 0.83203125, 0.55859375, 0.109375, -0.2470703125, 0.56640625, -1.375, 1.203125, 1.375, -0.93359375, 1.0546875, 0.9296875, 0.1787109375, 0.154296875, -0.78515625, -1.0390625, 0.734375, -0.060302734375, 1.6796875, 0.466796875, -0.65625, 0.1845703125, 0.208984375, -0.19921875, 1.203125, 0.5703125, -0.408203125, 1.7890625, -1.0078125, 0.51953125, 0.5078125, 1.578125, 0.051513671875, -0.271484375, -0.02783203125, -0.400390625, 0.58984375, 0.18359375, 0.2216796875, 0.134765625, -0.07421875, -0.287109375, 0.63671875, -0.6796875, -0.58203125, 0.56640625, 0.57421875, -0.1201171875, -0.0849609375, -0.65234375, 0.154296875, -0.50390625, 0.07958984375, 0.828125, -1.234375, 0.59375, 1.625, 0.7734375, -0.52734375, -0.0162353515625, -1.5703125, -1.0625, 0.84375, -0.6875, -1.0234375, 0.2080078125, -0.0228271484375, 1.609375, 0.2392578125, 0.0038909912109375, 0.228515625, -0.052978515625, -0.1474609375, -1.921875, -0.53515625, -0.1787109375, -2.3125, -0.65625, 1.609375, 0.12890625, 0.88671875, 0.376953125, 1.234375, -0.310546875, 0.478515625, 1.7734375, -1.0625, -0.26171875, -0.875, -0.1845703125, 0.443359375, 0.6953125, -0.1494140625, -0.796875, 1.125, 1.875, 0.294921875, 0.7890625, -1.28125, -0.396484375, 0.57421875, 0.0147705078125, -0.048828125, -0.80859375, 1.875, -1.515625, -1.1796875, 0.0654296875, 0.44921875, -0.87890625, 1.2421875, -1.1796875, -0.56640625, 0.8671875, -0.71875, -0.72265625, -1.2421875, -0.251953125, -1.1640625, 0.8828125, -1.359375, 0.6640625, -0.80078125, -0.28515625, -2.328125, 1.0234375, 1.234375, 0.291015625, -0.205078125, -0.06689453125, -1.6640625, 0.8671875, 0.283203125, 0.1650390625, -1.1875, -1.1640625, -0.5078125, 0.890625, -0.44921875, -1.390625, 0.859375, -0.419921875, -0.66015625, 0.294921875, 1.1328125, -0.76171875, -1.703125, 0.3515625, -1.6953125, 0.38671875, -0.126953125, 0.75, -0.310546875, -0.6953125, 1.796875, 1.3359375, 1.5546875, -1.2265625, -0.6640625, -0.90625, 0.765625, -0.75, 0.3125, 0.306640625, -0.1015625, 2.046875, 0.671875, 0.2431640625, 1, 0.8046875, 1.6484375, 0.10791015625, -1.1015625, -2.28125, -0.7578125, 1.7734375, 0.81640625, 0.56640625, -0.07666015625, -0.91015625, -0.671875, 0.373046875, 0.70703125, 0.90625, -0.044189453125, 0.1015625, -1.09375, -0.6171875, -0.345703125, -0.6640625, -0.04833984375, -0.84765625, 2.15625, -0.75390625, 0.2314453125, 0.08935546875, 1.234375, -0.0927734375, -0.98046875, -0.47265625, 0.8984375, 1.515625, -1.1015625, 0.123046875, -1.9921875, 0.95703125, 1.3828125, -1.359375, 1.53125, -0.2578125, 0.1552734375, 1.078125, -0.0966796875, 0.318359375, -0.91796875, -0.1337890625, -1.125, -0.9296875, -0.5546875, -0.7109375, 0.6015625, -0.75390625, -0.474609375, -0.5, -0.55078125, 0.9609375, 1.2109375, -0.275390625, 0.0262451171875, 1.296875, 2.65625, 0.275390625, -0.302734375, -2.25, -0.423828125, 0.05712890625, 1.6484375, -0.90234375, -1.125, -1.1171875, -1.21875, 0.353515625, 0.42578125, -0.4453125, -0.12890625, 0.486328125, -1.8203125, 0.1513671875, 0.921875, -0.05078125, 1.21875, 0.70703125, 0.4609375, -0.73828125, 0.2734375, -0.1875, -0.177734375, 0.059326171875, 0.365234375, 1.375, 1.1328125, 0.89453125, 0.0147705078125, -1.1484375, 0.0791015625, 0.11669921875, 0.15625, -0.52734375, 0.5, -1.0703125, 0.56640625, 0.451171875, -0.2333984375, 0.44921875, -0.73046875, 0.6484375, 1.0859375, -0.26953125, 1.796875, -0.375, 0.85546875, -0.40625, -3.5625, -2.15625, -0.173828125, 0.181640625, -0.1552734375, 0.0654296875, -0.41015625, -2.53125, -0.494140625, 1.984375, 2.671875, -1.390625, -0.74609375, -0.5390625, 1.9609375, 0.330078125, 0.1103515625, 0.34375, -0.55078125, 0.86328125, 0.275390625, -0.98828125, 0.61328125, 1.1171875, -0.0098876953125, 1.8828125, -0.451171875, -0.2001953125, -0.462890625, -0.71484375, 0.1923828125, 0.875, 1.8203125, 0.06982421875, -0.90625, -0.10986328125, 1.78125, -0.16015625, -1.0234375, -0.703125, 0.302734375, -0.3515625, 0.8046875, 1.15625, -0.78515625, -0.69140625, 2.171875, -0.5859375, 0.8515625, -0.73828125, 0.5078125, -1.1953125, -0.63671875, -1.375, 1.46875, 0.62890625, -0.234375, -0.63671875, -0.263671875, -1.2734375, -0.53515625, 0.1044921875, 0.6875, 0.439453125, 0.263671875, -0.73046875, 0.158203125, 0.8203125, 0.70703125, -0.41015625, -1.03125, 0.353515625, 1.1328125, 0.5703125, 0.0296630859375, -1.125, -0.5390625, -0.07177734375, -0.56640625, 0.58984375, 0.74609375, 0.06689453125, 0.427734375, -0.2275390625, 0.41015625, 2.421875, 0.08984375, 1.484375, -2.078125, -1.0234375, 0.0185546875, 1.5546875, 1.265625, 0.35546875, -0.40625, -0.052734375, 1.109375, 0.306640625, 0.044677734375, 0.7109375, 0.26171875, -0.10302734375, -0.56640625, -0.78515625, -0.53515625, 0.68359375, 0.73046875, -0.478515625, 0.3359375, 0.365234375, -0.166015625, -0.1689453125, -0.1845703125, -0.19140625, 0.29296875, 1.2890625, -0.2060546875, 0.84375, 0.6796875, -2.234375, -0.2177734375, 0.1767578125, 1.15625, -0.7265625, -0.6328125, 0.91015625, -0.609375, 0.267578125, -0.486328125, -0.9453125, 1.1796875, 0.8046875, -0.90625, 0.228515625, 0.111328125, -1.7734375, 1.078125, 1.6484375, -0.01177978515625, 1.65625, 0.275390625, 0.498046875, 0.048828125, -0.142578125, 0.78515625, -0.8125, 0.029296875, 0.474609375, 2.015625, 0.67578125, -0.86328125, 0.447265625, 1.046875, -0.04296875, 1.1328125, -1.9375, -0.16015625, -0.01220703125, 0.91796875, -0.1337890625, 0.341796875, -0.83203125, -0.306640625, 0.55078125, 0.244140625, -1.171875, -1.4921875, 0.27734375, 0.75390625, -0.8359375, 0.216796875, 0.380859375, 0.205078125, -1.6796875, 0.064453125, 0.435546875, 1.40625, 0.435546875, 0.59765625, -0.70703125, -1.3125, 0.0032196044921875, 0.6171875, -0.091796875, -0.345703125, -0.58984375, 0.76171875, -0.171875, -0.55078125, 0.07470703125, 1.109375, 0.890625, 0.77734375, 0.75, -0.609375, 1.7265625, 0.75, 0.451171875, -0.85546875, 1.6171875, 1.6953125, 0.24609375, -0.2080078125, -0.88671875, -0.150390625, 0.6875, 0.8203125, -0.7578125, 0.91015625, 0.1396484375, -1.421875, -1.46875, 1.390625, 1.828125, 0.7109375, -0.07958984375, 1.28125, -0.072265625, 0.8125, 1.1484375, -0.76953125, -0.33203125, -0.080078125, -1.5546875, -1.3515625, -1.3984375, 0.53515625, -0.1689453125, -0.65234375, 1.03125, -0.3671875, 1.703125, -0.78125, 0.578125, 0.1474609375, -0.2265625, -0.126953125, -0.1279296875, 1.734375, -0.546875, 0.484375, 1.1640625, -0.40234375, -0.2216796875, -0.01409912109375, 0.70703125, -1.703125, 1.0859375, -0.95703125, 0.8203125, 0.84765625, 0.451171875, 1.296875, 1.640625, -1.2578125, -0.5234375, -1.2890625, 0.478515625, -1.28125, 0.38671875, -0.65234375, 0.67578125, 0.6484375, 1.1484375, -0.38671875, -0.404296875, -0.984375, -0.03515625, 1.078125, -1.0078125, -0.85546875, -0.109375, 0.64453125, -0.828125, 0.259765625, -0.54296875, -1.7421875, 0.314453125, 1.2265625, -1.25, 0.162109375, -0.734375, -0.0380859375, -1.8984375, -0.5703125, -0.85546875, -0.7265625, -1.109375, -1.1484375, -0.96484375, 0.70703125, 0.33203125, -1.046875, -0.59375, 0.62890625, 0.40234375, 0.1328125, 0.388671875, -0.92578125, 1.515625, 1.296875, 0.458984375, -0.330078125, -0.875, 1.5859375, 0.546875, -1.03125, -0.89453125, -0.4609375, 1.28125, -0.96484375, 0.10791015625, -0.134765625, -2.015625, -0.138671875, 0.08642578125, -0.54296875, 1.25, 0.77734375, 0.1630859375, 0.0654296875, -0.380859375, 0.09912109375, 0.1015625, 0.189453125, -0.0264892578125, -1.15625, -1.640625, 0.099609375, -0.0030059814453125, -0.953125, -1.1796875, -0.007415771484375, 0.330078125, 0.251953125, 1.046875, -0.83203125, 0.7578125, -0.224609375, -0.208984375, 0.43359375, 1.0234375, 1.3046875, -1.21875, -0.06591796875, -0.6484375, 0.8046875, 0.08154296875, -0.6484375, 1.8125, -0.875, 0.69921875, -0.03955078125, 0.193359375, 0.427734375, -0.310546875, 1.0703125, -0.058837890625, 1.296875, 0.51953125, 0.74609375, 1.34375, 2.28125, -0.10791015625, -0.5078125, -1.09375, -0.12890625, -0.2431640625, -0.333984375, -0.1474609375, 0.045654296875, 0.39453125, 1.53125, 0.91796875, -0.310546875, -0.6171875, -0.412109375, -0.62890625, 1.84375, -0.56640625, -0.54296875, -1.140625, 1.75, 0.400390625, -0.87109375, 0.373046875, -0.1318359375, -0.431640625, 0.640625, 0.298828125, -0.67578125, -0.83203125, -0.828125, 0.453125, 1.234375, -0.205078125, -0.12158203125, -0.83984375, 0.83984375, -0.275390625, -1.4609375, 0.056396484375, 0.57421875, -1.03125, -1.140625, -0.71484375, -0.470703125, 1.3359375, 0.76171875, -0.66015625, 0.333984375, 0.0030517578125, 0.51953125, -0.45703125, -1.6015625, -0.8359375, -1.125, 1.3359375, -0.89453125, -0.07763671875, 0.462890625, -0.93359375, 0.3828125, -0.0169677734375, 1.5546875, -1.46875, 0.427734375, 0.75390625, 0.09619140625, -0.9765625, -0.470703125, 0.453125, -0.60546875, -2.109375, -0.365234375, 0.0947265625, 0.2216796875, 1.140625, -0.353515625, 1.8671875, -0.58984375, 2.109375, 0.033203125, -0.1689453125, 0.341796875, -0.31640625, -0.08056640625, -0.1708984375, -0.5234375, 0.026611328125, 0.1015625, 0.58984375, -2.3125, 1.2109375, -0.06396484375, 0.6796875, 1.1328125, 0.220703125, -0.474609375, -0.85546875, 0.333984375, -0.734375, 0.11767578125, 1.1640625, 0.10400390625, -0.453125, 1.453125, 0.83203125, -0.486328125, -0.5859375, -0.65234375, -1.2890625, 0.2470703125, 0.7890625, 0.255859375, 0.384765625, 0.9609375, -0.361328125, -0.5078125, -0.671875, 2.296875, 0.625, 0.5546875, -0.76171875, 1.9140625, -0.263671875, 0.255859375, -0.408203125, -0.020263671875, 0.73046875, -2.578125, 1.0078125, 0.1396484375, 0.61328125, -1.03125, -0.734375, 0.0703125, -1.0234375, 0.1396484375, 0.57421875, -1.453125, 1.265625, 0.87890625, 2.921875, -0.96875, 0.0130615234375, -0.1611328125, 0.1689453125, 0.306640625, -1.0859375, 0.1298828125, 0.1982421875, -0.76171875, 0.1787109375, 0.70703125, 0.94140625, 0.38671875, -0.46875, 0.6875, -0.09521484375, -0.423828125, 0.240234375, 1.546875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1528504687
Fibers for Ceramic Matrix Composites
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Fibers as Reinforcement in Ceramics Structure and Properties of Fibers Fiber Structure Structure Formation Structure Parameters and Fiber Properties Inorganic Fibers Production Processes Indirect Fiber Production Direct Fiber Production Properties of Commercial Products Comparison of Oxide and Non-oxide Ceramic Fibers Oxide Ceramic Filament Fibers Non-oxide Ceramic Filament Fibers Carbon Fibers Production Processes Carbon Fibers from PAN Precursors Carbon Fibers from Pitch Precursors Carbon Fibers from Regenerated Cellulose Commercial Products Acknowledgments
[ -0.50390625, -0.1884765625, 0.57421875, -0.119140625, -0.72265625, -0.78125, -1.171875, 0.478515625, 0.53125, 0.42578125, -1.671875, 0.91796875, 1.1953125, 0.21484375, -0.2255859375, -1.4921875, 0.087890625, -0.482421875, -0.80859375, -1.5546875, 0.232421875, -0.291015625, -0.8671875, -0.7265625, 0.93359375, 0.6328125, -0.408203125, -0.43359375, 0.81640625, 0.55078125, 0.56640625, 0.59375, -1.6796875, -0.765625, 0.08349609375, 0.365234375, 0.83203125, 0.296875, 0.326171875, 0.251953125, 0.1044921875, -1.1015625, 0.126953125, -0.2431640625, -0.23046875, -0.421875, 0.7421875, -0.55078125, 0.01019287109375, -1.359375, -0.166015625, -0.44140625, 0.150390625, -0.271484375, -1.3984375, 1.4375, -0.77734375, -0.56640625, 0.353515625, 0.5859375, -0.3984375, -0.6015625, -0.06591796875, 0.59765625, 0.189453125, -0.1162109375, -0.427734375, -0.0284423828125, -0.197265625, 0.39453125, 0.68359375, -0.255859375, -0.26171875, 0.51171875, 0.06689453125, -0.3515625, 0.2236328125, 0.185546875, 0.9375, 0.8984375, 0.045654296875, -0.5859375, -1.2890625, -0.30078125, -0.92578125, 1.234375, -1, 0.53515625, 0.7890625, -0.01043701171875, -0.050048828125, 0.0096435546875, 0.314453125, 0.640625, -0.404296875, 1.3203125, 0.72265625, -0.69140625, -0.470703125, 0.5703125, -0.0224609375, -0.373046875, -0.46484375, 0.078125, 0.73828125, 1.125, -0.83984375, -1.3515625, 0.0927734375, -0.546875, 0.95703125, 0.490234375, 0.020751953125, 0.93359375, 0.09228515625, -0.431640625, 0.427734375, 0.54296875, 0.0194091796875, 0.0869140625, 0.25, -1.9296875, -0.1708984375, 1.1953125, 1.078125, -0.059814453125, -0.1708984375, -0.240234375, -0.8984375, -1.3046875, 0.388671875, 0.064453125, -1.5625, 0.68359375, 0.765625, -0.5234375, -0.1357421875, 1.2890625, 1.1875, 0.2080078125, 0.70703125, 0.83203125, -0.96875, 0.423828125, -0.7421875, 0.5859375, 0.50390625, -0.79296875, -0.0279541015625, 1.3671875, -0.2314453125, -0.5234375, -1.96875, 1.2109375, 0.07861328125, -1.0234375, -0.5546875, 0.921875, 0.171875, -0.091796875, 0.59375, -0.7421875, 0.9375, -0.443359375, -0.140625, 0.423828125, -0.71484375, 0.169921875, 0.51171875, -0.62109375, -0.67578125, 0.2294921875, 0.045166015625, 0.06591796875, 2.109375, -0.328125, 0.283203125, 0.3125, 0.52734375, 0.734375, -1.09375, 1.75, 0.54296875, 0.416015625, 1.28125, 0.3125, -1.625, -0.82421875, -1.2890625, 0.984375, 0.59375, -1.109375, -0.15625, 0.72265625, 1.2109375, 1.2265625, 0.41796875, -0.30078125, -0.74609375, 0.7421875, -1.2265625, -0.3984375, 1.0078125, -0.5, -0.2294921875, -0.5, -0.03173828125, 0.25390625, -0.3515625, 0.53515625, 0.5703125, -1.6015625, -0.92578125, -0.1845703125, -0.99609375, -0.78125, 0.353515625, 1.0703125, -0.8046875, 0.2158203125, 0.515625, 0.322265625, 0.470703125, -0.53125, 0.64453125, -0.4765625, 0.9453125, 1.4921875, -1.609375, 0.35546875, -0.007598876953125, 0.84765625, -1.515625, -0.9921875, -1.4296875, -0.34375, -1.390625, 0.38671875, 0.59375, -0.953125, -0.022705078125, 0.875, 0.451171875, 0.875, 0.265625, 0.46875, 0.2490234375, -0.6015625, -0.8125, -0.357421875, 0.7421875, -0.33984375, -0.65234375, -0.65234375, 1.5546875, -0.28515625, -0.765625, -0.1953125, 1.078125, 0.314453125, -0.0673828125, 1.171875, 0.169921875, -0.859375, -0.314453125, -0.9296875, -0.115234375, -1.203125, -0.9375, -0.44140625, -1.15625, -1.1171875, -1.0703125, -0.6875, 0.68359375, 0.94140625, 0.408203125, -1.0625, -1.0546875, 0.259765625, -0.271484375, -1.015625, -0.54296875, -0.76171875, 0.6484375, 0.82421875, 0.396484375, 0.93359375, -2.171875, -0.65234375, 0.0830078125, -0.291015625, -0.69921875, -0.80078125, -0.5078125, -0.84375, -0.53515625, 0.11962890625, -0.6875, -0.263671875, 0.0169677734375, 1.296875, -0.74609375, 0.2734375, 1.296875, -1.4609375, -0.578125, -0.22265625, -0.373046875, -0.1083984375, 0.224609375, 0.640625, -0.24609375, 0.482421875, 0.67578125, 0.431640625, 0.0732421875, -1.4453125, 0.83984375, -0.404296875, -0.46484375, 0.154296875, -0.78515625, 1.5625, -0.431640625, -0.1640625, -1.0234375, -0.193359375, -0.490234375, -0.0654296875, 0.84375, -0.58984375, 0.404296875, -0.734375, -1.0390625, 1.1484375, 1.65625, -0.90625, 0.6796875, 0.78515625, 0.267578125, -0.85546875, 0.71875, -0.6484375, 0.6328125, 0.134765625, -0.46484375, 0.41796875, 0.08984375, -0.228515625, 1.0703125, -0.126953125, 0.07568359375, -0.85546875, -0.78125, 0.83984375, 0.765625, -1.4375, -1.328125, -0.328125, 0.045166015625, -0.1689453125, 0.78125, 0.1640625, 0.171875, 0.91015625, -0.013916015625, -0.63671875, -0.84765625, -1.015625, 0.9453125, 0.07470703125, -1.109375, 0.1923828125, 0.70703125, 1.109375, -2.09375, -0.1708984375, -0.314453125, 0.69921875, -0.375, 0.9140625, -0.5234375, 0.515625, 1.2734375, -0.1376953125, 0.0498046875, 0.484375, -0.51171875, 0.12060546875, 0.1171875, 0.1572265625, -0.150390625, 0.1357421875, 0.4296875, -0.060302734375, -0.004486083984375, 0.9765625, -0.6875, -0.828125, 0.79296875, -0.4921875, 1.5546875, -0.79296875, -0.1455078125, 0.0069580078125, -0.59375, 0.05859375, 0.10400390625, -0.54296875, 0.10205078125, -1.3984375, 1.015625, 0.0272216796875, -0.1396484375, 0.2265625, 0.3828125, 0.65625, -1.1796875, -0.734375, 0.5078125, 0.1953125, 1.5234375, 0.1748046875, -0.1865234375, -0.50390625, -0.40625, 0.83984375, -0.63671875, -0.33203125, -1.4296875, -0.4921875, 0.32421875, -0.359375, 0.1669921875, -1.140625, 1.2578125, -0.78515625, -0.353515625, -0.318359375, -0.408203125, 0.40625, -0.3125, -0.43359375, 0.7265625, -0.1982421875, 1.1328125, -0.353515625, 1.03125, -0.52734375, -0.27734375, -0.162109375, -1, -0.69921875, 0.11767578125, -0.03271484375, -0.7890625, -0.84375, -0.6171875, -0.12255859375, 0.48046875, -0.275390625, -0.5390625, -0.1357421875, -0.3515625, -0.92578125, -0.91015625, 0.126953125, -0.73046875, 0.345703125, 0.546875, 0.470703125, 0.058349609375, -0.50390625, -0.70703125, 0.09228515625, 1.2265625, -0.828125, 0.1796875, 1.078125, 0.035888671875, 0.41015625, -0.8046875, 0.85546875, 1.5, -0.41796875, -0.703125, 0.416015625, 1.078125, 0.205078125, -0.46875, 0.64453125, -0.8046875, 0.75390625, 0.8828125, -0.443359375, 1.0234375, 0.87890625, -0.91796875, 0.6328125, -1.234375, -0.95703125, 0.267578125, -0.0654296875, 0.416015625, 0.51171875, 0.65234375, -0.130859375, -1.125, 0.265625, 0.49609375, 0.6328125, -2.125, -0.8359375, 1.375, 0.28125, -0.73046875, 0.062255859375, -0.45703125, 0.138671875, 1.3359375, -0.32421875, -0.32421875, 0.234375, 0.1953125, 1.53125, 0.03173828125, 1.0234375, -0.279296875, -1.2109375, 0.671875, -0.00433349609375, -0.462890625, 0.76171875, 0.1767578125, 0.6484375, -0.435546875, 1.2890625, 0.427734375, -0.203125, 0.1806640625, -0.16015625, -0.25390625, 0.51171875, 0.232421875, 0.984375, -0.50390625, 1.484375, -0.0014495849609375, -1.203125, 0.0556640625, 0.408203125, 0.5390625, -1.5546875, -0.7265625, 1.3828125, -0.765625, -0.88671875, 0.134765625, -1.28125, -0.119140625, 0.478515625, -0.1689453125, 0.66015625, 0.439453125, 1.1953125, 0.92578125, -0.5625, -0.2197265625, 2, 0.859375, 0.95703125, -0.87109375, 1.953125, -0.1318359375, 0.2294921875, 0.2021484375, -1.421875, -0.89453125, -0.32421875, 0.8984375, 0.6484375, -1.1328125, 1.9921875, 1.1171875, -0.31640625, 0.494140625, 1.6953125, -0.01507568359375, -0.1669921875, -0.515625, -0.88671875, 1.1640625, 1.140625, 0.1318359375, 1.0234375, 0.6484375, 0.408203125, 0.25390625, -0.1728515625, 0.055908203125, 0.99609375, -1.0625, -0.8984375, 0.796875, 1.1484375, 0.00823974609375, -1.03125, 0.8515625, -0.609375, -0.96484375, -0.74609375, -0.26953125, -0.1640625, 0.84765625, -0.126953125, 0.59765625, -1.5, -0.30078125, -0.037353515625, -0.365234375, -1.5390625, 0.400390625, 1.1484375, -0.36328125, -1.578125, 0.4765625, -1.359375, 1.0859375, 0.011474609375, -1.1640625, 0.00732421875, -0.06396484375, -2.359375, -0.96875, 0.3125, -0.51171875, 0.46875, -0.359375, 0.60546875, 0.455078125, 0.458984375, 1.265625, -1.203125, 0.10400390625, 1.0625, -0.609375, 0.14453125, -0.76171875, 1.15625, -0.81640625, -0.5546875, -1.3984375, 0.01123046875, -0.61328125, 0.018310546875, -1.4375, -1.125, -0.2890625, 1.5390625, 0.9140625, -0.79296875, -0.47265625, 0.56640625, 0.80078125, 0.376953125, 0.22265625, -0.41015625, -0.2412109375, -0.443359375, -0.34765625, -0.2392578125, -1.1015625, -0.36328125, -1.0546875, 0.6875, 0.734375, 0.43359375, -0.71484375, -0.57421875, 0.06689453125, -0.71484375, -0.0908203125, 0.455078125, 0.291015625, -0.046142578125, -0.92578125, 0.279296875, 1.265625, 0.470703125, -0.060791015625, 0.484375, 0.032470703125, 0.26171875, 0.578125, 1.0625, 0.1728515625, 0.0252685546875, -0.0115966796875, -0.5078125, -1.140625, -0.30859375, -0.55078125, 0.22265625, -0.72265625, 0.0791015625, -0.1455078125, 0.4921875, 0.20703125, -0.416015625, 0.314453125, 0.515625, -1.015625, 0.1923828125, 1.15625, 0.9765625, 0.2431640625, 1.203125, -0.98828125, 1.1015625, 0.6640625, -0.31640625, 0.43359375, 0.4296875, -0.60546875, 0.91015625, -1.2109375, -0.2197265625, -0.236328125, -0.55078125, -0.345703125, -1.25, 0.53125, -0.8828125, -0.640625, 0.83984375, 0.7421875, 2.078125, 0.1650390625, 0.404296875, -0.126953125, 0.5625, 0.74609375, 1.015625, 0.345703125, 0.1708984375, 1.421875, -0.73828125, 0.1044921875, 0.0634765625, -0.0020294189453125, 0.4765625, 0.1884765625, 2.125, -1.09375, -1, -0.0947265625, -0.546875, 1.5546875, -0.380859375, 1.515625, -2.03125, 0.27734375, 0.55859375, 1.484375, 1.0234375, 0.73046875, -0.1533203125, -1.765625, 0.33203125, -1.8671875, -0.474609375, 0.921875, 0.349609375, 1.3046875, -0.314453125, -0.39453125, -0.890625, 0.0255126953125, -0.2138671875, -1.2734375, 0.5390625, -0.6875, 0.2138671875, 0.1728515625, 0.73828125, 0.0947265625, -0.71875, -0.330078125, -0.7578125, -0.50390625, -0.75390625, 0.037353515625, -0.6015625, 1.5390625, 0.125, -0.56640625, -0.2158203125, -0.357421875, 0.7265625, 0.73046875, 0.75390625, 0.9296875, 0.6640625, 0.053466796875, 0.1962890625, 0.26171875, -0.95703125, -0.45703125, 0.8046875, 0.10498046875, 0.00860595703125, 0.828125, 0.76171875, -1.1953125, 0.1025390625, 0.78125, 0.341796875, 0.49609375, 1.5625, -0.78125, -0.431640625, -0.87890625, 0.11083984375, 0.44921875, -0.96875, 0.400390625, -0.212890625, -1.484375, -0.057861328125, -1.9609375, 0.302734375, -0.208984375, -0.4921875, 0.5, 0.236328125, -0.5390625, 1.1328125, 0.010498046875, 1.0703125, 0.000942230224609375, 0.369140625, 0.125, 0.216796875, -0.6640625, -0.9609375, 0.5859375, 1.015625, -0.419921875, -1.5078125, 0.171875, 0.1728515625, -0.412109375, -0.34765625, 0.60546875, 1.171875, -1.171875, 0.26171875, 1.5546875, 0.58984375, 1.3125, 0.4921875, 0.158203125, 1.328125, 0.328125, -0.259765625, -0.435546875, -0.7109375, -0.103515625, 0.271484375, -0.28515625, 0.1318359375, -1.0546875, 0.9453125, 0.42578125, -0.9921875, -0.45703125, -0.443359375, -0.50390625, 1.3125, -0.4765625, -0.2412109375, -0.64453125, -0.7578125, 0.8203125, 0.310546875, -1.3515625, -0.7734375, 0.40234375, -1.1875, -0.2001953125, -0.71875, -0.033447265625, -0.419921875, 0.1748046875, 1.734375, -0.5546875, -1.1640625, -1.3671875, 0.80859375, -0.12158203125, -0.41015625, 0.06396484375, 0.6640625, 0.23828125, -0.035400390625, -0.8515625, -0.68359375, 0.73828125, 0.1923828125, -0.361328125, 0.6953125, -0.640625, 1.0390625, 0.07373046875, 0.62109375, -0.298828125, -0.4609375, -0.98046875, -0.484375, -0.00775146484375, 0.2412109375, 1.296875, -0.2734375, -1.09375, -0.044189453125, -1.1171875, 0.95703125, -0.796875, 0.1328125, -1.671875, 0.31640625, 0.9296875, -0.51953125, 0.416015625, -0.6796875, 0.267578125, -0.71484375, 0.921875, -0.828125, 0.99609375, 0.1484375, -0.263671875, 0.55078125, -2.015625, -0.384765625, -1.671875, 0.2041015625, 0.185546875, -0.15234375, -0.1953125, 0.40625, -0.458984375, -0.6875, 0.9140625, 0.390625, 0.7890625, -0.02734375, -0.333984375, 0.052490234375, -0.453125, -0.609375, -0.703125, -0.1279296875, 0.21875, -1.0703125, 0.408203125, 0.328125, 0.42578125, -0.29296875, -1.34375, 0.384765625, -0.22265625, 0.0732421875, -1.0625, -0.76953125, -0.4375, 0.392578125, 0.045166015625, 0.09814453125, -0.1064453125, 1.3828125, 0.87109375, 0.06640625, -1.3828125, 0.80078125, 0.208984375, -0.1396484375, 0.7578125, 0.419921875, -0.154296875, -0.396484375, -0.7109375, 0.3984375, 0.9921875, 0.5703125, -0.263671875, -0.2275390625, -1.453125, -0.1015625, 0.6015625, -0.3984375, 0.58984375, 0.0225830078125, 1.4296875, 0.83984375, 1.6953125, 0.474609375, 1.0390625, -0.78515625, -0.953125, 0.298828125, 0.75, 1.0625, 0.00061798095703125, 0.7578125, 0.8828125, 0.318359375, -0.6796875, 0.220703125, -1.34375, -0.61328125, -0.248046875, 0.765625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1528552073
Worker trust, system vulnerability, and the performance of work groups
Economists and social psychologists have struggled long and hard in an effort to understand the characteristics of situations in which workers will act cooperatively in the workplace instead of shirk. Like all public goods problems, the temptation to free ride on the effort of others is many times too tempting for workers, and once shirking begins, it snow-balls through the organization. But such low effort outcomes need not and do not always occur. The puzzle for us to unravel is why, in some organizations, are groups successful in selecting the high effort equilibrium while in others shirking is the commonly established norm?
[ -0.8046875, 0.0859375, 1.53125, -1.4921875, -1.1640625, -0.59375, -0.984375, 0.75, 1.203125, -1.015625, 0.1826171875, 1.1953125, 1.9453125, -0.40625, 0.73828125, 0.09765625, -1.578125, -1.4609375, -1.3515625, -1.4609375, -0.53515625, 0.65234375, -3.984375, -0.322265625, 0.1259765625, -0.0654296875, 0.703125, -1.65625, 0.55859375, 1.78125, 0.12890625, 0.875, -2.8125, 0.345703125, 0.73828125, 1.484375, 0.6796875, 1.1171875, -0.431640625, 0.96484375, -0.134765625, -0.0859375, 0.62890625, -1.3046875, -0.375, 1.0625, 0.69921875, -1.953125, 0.83203125, 0.283203125, 0.458984375, 1.34375, -0.23828125, -1.984375, 0.703125, 1.515625, 0.40625, -2.046875, -0.578125, 0.90234375, -0.81640625, -1.390625, 0.56640625, 0.9375, 0.51171875, -0.765625, 0.22265625, 0.55078125, 0.376953125, 1.3671875, 1.046875, 0.5078125, -0.53515625, 0.93359375, 2.359375, -0.58984375, 0.49609375, 0.3046875, 0.11474609375, 0.462890625, -0.1953125, 0.609375, 0.0113525390625, 1.953125, 0.58203125, 0.95703125, -1.015625, 1.40625, 0.048828125, 1.09375, 1.0078125, 1.1171875, -1.2890625, 0.30859375, 0.41796875, -1.4296875, -0.6875, 0.40234375, -2.21875, -0.6796875, -0.4140625, -0.88671875, 0.88671875, -0.404296875, -1.96875, 1.3515625, -1.8125, -0.1728515625, -1.46875, 0.95703125, -0.052490234375, 0.48046875, -1.9140625, 1.40625, 3.5625, 0.2294921875, 1.2890625, 0.77734375, 0.26953125, -0.3984375, 1.0234375, -1.921875, 0.0478515625, -0.2490234375, 1.4453125, 1.5234375, -1.2265625, 0.072265625, -0.65234375, -0.376953125, 1.0703125, 1.1875, 0.80078125, -0.73046875, -0.037353515625, 0.6796875, 0.251953125, 2.03125, 2.546875, -1.4609375, 0.1220703125, 1.109375, -0.92578125, -1.6640625, -0.66015625, 1.015625, 1.6015625, 0.494140625, -0.453125, 1.0234375, 0.412109375, -0.6640625, -0.91015625, 0.66015625, 0.67578125, -0.2890625, -0.7265625, 2.296875, -1.2890625, -1.2421875, -0.34765625, -1.4375, 2.9375, 0.1357421875, 0.8515625, -0.52734375, 0.369140625, -1.9921875, 0.72265625, 0.94140625, -0.49609375, 0.546875, 0.79296875, -0.6328125, 2.703125, -1.4765625, -0.09228515625, 0.142578125, -0.34375, 0.47265625, 0.353515625, 1.453125, 0.28515625, -1.0390625, 0.365234375, 0.87109375, -0.63671875, 0.337890625, 0.46875, -0.384765625, -0.68359375, -1.90625, -0.30859375, 2.28125, 0.7421875, -0.890625, -0.1171875, 0.62109375, 0.330078125, 0.392578125, -2.03125, 0.259765625, 0.73046875, -2.046875, 0.353515625, -0.79296875, -0.0196533203125, -0.1123046875, 0.388671875, 3.03125, -0.82421875, -0.4765625, 0.53515625, 0.84765625, 0.3046875, -0.953125, -0.31640625, 0.97265625, 0.431640625, 0.10986328125, 0.8203125, 0.236328125, 0.9609375, 0.37890625, -0.050537109375, -0.53515625, -0.177734375, 1.4921875, -1.046875, 0.031494140625, -0.38671875, 0.486328125, 0.984375, -1.625, -0.62109375, -0.49609375, 0.9375, 0.78515625, 1.46875, -0.63671875, 1.734375, -0.169921875, -0.9609375, -0.30078125, 0.72265625, -0.040283203125, 1.2734375, -1.0625, -1.6328125, -0.34375, 1.65625, 0.251953125, -1.5546875, -0.87890625, -0.30078125, -0.4765625, -0.77734375, 0.474609375, -0.5234375, -0.95703125, 0.51953125, 0.859375, 0.056640625, -0.6796875, -2.0625, -0.62109375, -0.1328125, 1.0234375, -0.85546875, 0.1396484375, 0.154296875, -1.7890625, -0.875, 0.28125, -1.4140625, 1.2265625, -0.20703125, -1.9765625, 0.193359375, -1.1015625, -0.2470703125, -1.703125, -1.1171875, 0.54296875, 0.984375, 1.875, 0.8359375, 0.15625, -0.640625, -0.78125, 1.3125, -0.498046875, -2.109375, -0.6796875, -1.8359375, -0.439453125, -1.0546875, 1.5390625, 1.4140625, -0.228515625, 0.451171875, 0.8828125, -0.12890625, 0.55859375, 0.66796875, 0.380859375, -1.84375, -1.8359375, 0.263671875, -0.9296875, -1.3046875, 0.259765625, -2.125, 0.7265625, 0.95703125, 1.5390625, -0.6640625, -1.4375, 0.6953125, 0.458984375, 1.9453125, 1.3359375, -2.1875, 0.35546875, -0.53125, -0.62109375, -1.03125, -1.2734375, 0.71484375, -0.625, -1.25, -0.1455078125, -0.61328125, 0.419921875, -0.4609375, 2.09375, -0.62890625, 0.25, 0.50390625, -1.7890625, 1.4609375, -1.9765625, -1.1328125, -0.54296875, -0.51953125, 0.46484375, -0.58984375, -0.044189453125, 0.486328125, -3.78125, 0.21484375, 0.236328125, 1.7421875, -0.11572265625, -0.7265625, -0.345703125, 1.40625, -0.1005859375, -0.0947265625, 1.640625, 1.140625, 1.921875, -0.56640625, 0.01806640625, 1.2265625, -0.2275390625, -1.1875, -0.5078125, 0.9609375, -1.9609375, 0.3046875, -0.478515625, -0.7265625, 0.0002765655517578125, 1.734375, 0.734375, -1.1328125, -0.376953125, -0.047607421875, 2.4375, -0.443359375, -0.3515625, -1.078125, 0.75, 0.5703125, 1.0390625, 1, 0.1494140625, -1.1953125, 0.96484375, 1.1328125, 0.5078125, -1.640625, -0.90625, -0.48046875, 1.0703125, 0.9453125, -0.2138671875, -1.296875, -0.97265625, 0.212890625, 0.361328125, 0.0247802734375, 0.2451171875, 1, -0.10302734375, -0.3828125, 0.025390625, 1.546875, 1.015625, -1.84375, -0.12890625, -1.2734375, -1.53125, 0.21484375, -0.294921875, -0.0211181640625, -0.546875, -0.1591796875, -0.498046875, 0.220703125, -0.50390625, 1.0859375, -1.4140625, 0.52734375, 0.625, 0.451171875, -0.31640625, 0.2392578125, 1.1171875, -0.91796875, -0.9921875, -0.6640625, -0.78125, 0.11376953125, 0.05859375, 1.609375, 1.1796875, -1.515625, -0.66796875, -0.255859375, -0.73828125, 0.4609375, 0.46875, 1.6640625, 0.439453125, 0.037109375, 0.310546875, -1.3046875, -1.171875, -0.0174560546875, -1.1484375, -1.8828125, -1.46875, -0.859375, 0.400390625, -0.94921875, -0.16015625, -2.4375, -0.0869140625, 0.427734375, -1.1796875, 0.0947265625, 0.83203125, 1.2890625, -0.66796875, -0.2451171875, 0.005462646484375, -1.671875, 1.109375, -0.396484375, 0.51171875, 0.0673828125, -0.028564453125, -0.470703125, 0.4140625, 0.2216796875, 0.75390625, 0.45703125, 0.6640625, 2.234375, 2, 0.50390625, 0.5625, 0.12451171875, -0.419921875, 0.010009765625, 0.046630859375, -0.1796875, 0.5390625, 0.60546875, -0.640625, -0.458984375, -1.7734375, 1.4453125, -0.59375, 0.09375, 1.0625, -0.7890625, 0.72265625, -1.5078125, -1.4453125, -1.40625, -1.3125, 0.7421875, 0.240234375, 0.34765625, -0.703125, -1.0625, 0.10546875, 0.97265625, 1.296875, -0.349609375, -0.90234375, -0.2255859375, -0.384765625, 0.359375, 0.5234375, 1.1171875, -3.265625, 0.55859375, -0.67578125, -0.25, -1.625, 1.21875, 1.234375, 2.296875, 0.318359375, 1.4140625, -0.71875, 0.240234375, 0.5078125, 1.3046875, 1.328125, -0.5703125, 0.0625, 1.4140625, 0.28125, 1.3828125, -0.54296875, -0.890625, -0.171875, -2.578125, -1.5078125, 0.38671875, -0.2431640625, -0.75390625, 1.703125, -0.359375, -0.0152587890625, -2.28125, -0.53515625, -3.015625, 0.3515625, 0.28125, 0.625, -0.2001953125, 0.625, 2.046875, -1.6015625, -0.1376953125, -2.03125, 0.73828125, 1.6484375, 0.6875, 0.050048828125, 0.04443359375, -1.6328125, 2.125, -0.60546875, -0.83203125, -0.058349609375, 0.27734375, 0.71484375, 3.125, -1, -0.71875, -2.125, -0.71875, -0.85546875, -0.000736236572265625, 0.259765625, -0.392578125, 1.2578125, 0.46484375, -0.083984375, 2.234375, 0.5, -1.21875, -0.041015625, -1.4140625, -1.3515625, 0.30078125, -0.00396728515625, 1.265625, 0.27734375, -0.4453125, 2.375, 0.451171875, 0.330078125, -0.83203125, 1.125, -0.87109375, -0.1806640625, -1.3125, -1.265625, 0.8984375, 0.376953125, 0.8359375, -1.296875, -0.640625, -0.267578125, 0.16015625, 2.109375, -0.6328125, -1.421875, 0.58203125, -0.51953125, 0.6015625, -1.359375, 0.375, -1.9375, 1.9921875, 1.53125, 0.1123046875, 0.012939453125, -0.25, -0.953125, 0.2734375, 2.40625, 0.486328125, -0.326171875, 0.283203125, -2.078125, -0.0029449462890625, -0.08837890625, -3.65625, -1.3671875, 0.232421875, 0.80078125, 0.34765625, -0.06884765625, -0.380859375, 0.21484375, -0.10302734375, -0.4375, -2.78125, -0.162109375, 0.357421875, 2.296875, -1.4375, 1.71875, 1.0546875, -0.6796875, -0.458984375, 0.1279296875, -0.5078125, -0.279296875, -0.357421875, 1.5546875, 1.4453125, -1.125, -0.421875, -0.006744384765625, 2.21875, -0.28515625, 0.189453125, 0.12109375, -0.34375, 0.033935546875, -1.2890625, 0.11865234375, 0.57421875, 1.4140625, 0.60546875, 1.265625, -0.640625, 1.25, -2.296875, 0.1904296875, -0.146484375, 0.458984375, -0.7421875, 0.062255859375, 1.3828125, -1.2578125, -1.0859375, 0.984375, 0.376953125, 1.6953125, 1.359375, -1.4765625, 0.8046875, 0.35546875, 0.78515625, 0.953125, -0.36328125, -0.318359375, -0.11181640625, 0.044677734375, 1.265625, 1.4765625, 0.0235595703125, 0.55859375, 0.50390625, -0.1875, 0.353515625, 0.470703125, 0.890625, -0.93359375, 0.11181640625, 0.279296875, 0.3203125, 0.328125, 0.71875, -1.5078125, -0.1923828125, 0.2333984375, -1.1171875, -1.125, -1.796875, 1.671875, 0.203125, 0.84375, -2.109375, 0.09375, -0.8125, 0.353515625, -1.0390625, 0.98828125, 0.62890625, -0.82421875, 1.59375, -0.9453125, -0.224609375, 1.2890625, 0.228515625, 1.1484375, 2.625, -0.5, -0.76171875, -0.5546875, -0.1806640625, 0.2080078125, 1.4453125, -0.94140625, -1.4140625, -0.5546875, 2.4375, 0.67578125, -0.89453125, 1.0625, -0.3984375, 1.0078125, 0.84765625, 0.50390625, -0.58984375, 0.578125, -0.2138671875, -0.3515625, 0.6015625, -0.5, 0.326171875, -0.546875, -0.52734375, -0.0013580322265625, 1.390625, -0.60546875, 0.765625, 1.0078125, -0.453125, -0.80078125, 0.236328125, 0.6484375, 0.458984375, 1.015625, -1.1484375, -1.2578125, -2.796875, -1.4140625, 0.0908203125, 0.6015625, -1.0390625, 0.90625, -1.0703125, -0.69140625, -0.65625, 0.1474609375, 0.373046875, 1.46875, -1.0703125, -0.60546875, 0.267578125, -0.1552734375, 1.109375, -0.00250244140625, 1.0234375, -0.64453125, 0.375, 0.4140625, 0.5625, 0.0751953125, 0.70703125, 0.314453125, 0.076171875, -0.04736328125, 0.390625, -0.314453125, -0.765625, 0.74609375, 2.296875, -1.3828125, 3.203125, -0.046875, -0.38671875, -0.462890625, -0.484375, 0.267578125, 0.283203125, 2, 0.7421875, -0.17578125, -0.84375, -0.1005859375, 0.015869140625, 0.171875, -0.0194091796875, -1.75, -1.46875, 0.21875, -1.2734375, -0.83984375, -1.921875, 0.06640625, -0.44140625, -0.78125, -1.5625, 0.9140625, -1.0546875, 2.890625, -0.69921875, 0.65234375, 3.078125, 2.390625, -0.306640625, -0.87109375, 0.5703125, -0.388671875, -0.494140625, -0.6171875, -0.2080078125, -0.28515625, 1.3828125, -0.734375, -1.2578125, 0.357421875, 1.625, -0.0252685546875, 1.859375, 0.498046875, -1.46875, 0.6796875, -1.1015625, 1.8125, -0.8984375, -1.75, -0.54296875, -1.8828125, -1.1484375, 0.92578125, -1.1875, 0.65625, 0.7421875, 0.70703125, -0.22265625, -1.6953125, -0.48046875, -2.015625, 0.283203125, 1.9921875, -0.62890625, -0.2236328125, 0.003387451171875, -0.28125, 0.322265625, -0.09521484375, 1.4296875, -0.90625, -1.125, 0.0247802734375, 1.71875, -0.83984375, 0.0751953125, 0.1884765625, -0.5625, 1.1953125, 0.4296875, 0.48828125, 1.3046875, 1.5, -0.98828125, 0.640625, -0.0260009765625, 0.0537109375, -0.8046875, -1.6796875, -1.6484375, -0.390625, -0.462890625, 0.3828125, -1.9140625, -0.97265625, -1.03125, -0.287109375, 0.0184326171875, -0.73828125, -0.2333984375, -1.734375, 0.5078125, 0.76953125, 0.78125, -0.59375, 0.474609375, 0.158203125, -0.88671875, 0.07421875, -0.2392578125, 0.1572265625, 0.01397705078125, 1.3203125, -0.2890625, 1.53125, -0.185546875, 1.2265625, -1.109375, -0.036865234375, -0.609375, 1.4921875, 1.75, 0.04541015625, 0.79296875, -0.027099609375, 0.6953125, 1.421875, -1.140625, 1.0234375, -0.83984375, -1.921875, 0.19921875, -0.76953125, -0.875, 1.0234375, -0.255859375, -0.83203125, 1.421875, -0.6796875, -0.45703125, -0.2041015625, 2, 0.4375, -0.02294921875, -0.462890625, -2.171875, 0.376953125, -0.0439453125, -0.55859375, 0.23046875, 2.4375, 0.1943359375, 0.53515625, -2.078125, -0.2578125, 0.5234375, 0.287109375, 0.1416015625, 0.279296875, -0.86328125, -0.2119140625, 0.70703125, -0.1123046875, 0.337890625, 0.765625, 1.0078125, 0.94921875, 0.890625, 0.5234375, 1.0390625, 1.6015625, 0.9609375, 0.08544921875, 2.90625, 0.349609375, -0.88671875, -0.11083984375, 0.078125, 0.94140625, -0.8203125, 0.7421875, -0.7734375, -0.396484375, 0.011962890625, -1.5078125, 2.34375, -0.73046875, 1.8359375, 0.322265625, -0.1572265625, 0.396484375, 0.1591796875, 0.3984375, -1.1953125, 0.80859375, -1.203125, 0.5859375, -0.03955078125, 0.5859375, 0.1728515625, -0.1875, -1.2890625, 1.5, -0.7265625, -0.69140625, -0.2275390625, 0.259765625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1528596053
Serum ferritin is elevated in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients and is associated with efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the expression levels of serum ferritin (SF) and investigate the correlation between SF expression levels and clinical characteristics as well as the efficacy to platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Materials and Methods: Electrochemiluminescence method was used to determine the expression levels of SF in the peripheral blood of 46 advanced NSCLC patients and 63 healthy subjects. Results: The expression levels of SF in healthy subjects were significantly lower than those in patients with advanced NSCLC patients (t = −3.279,P = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between SF expression levels and distant metastasis, regional lymph node metastasis, respectively (P < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between SF expression levels and sex, age, eastern cooperative oncology group performance status, smoking history, pathological type, tumor location and tumor-node-metastasis stage (All P > 0.05). The overall response rate to platinum-based chemotherapy was 57.1% (12/21) in normal SF expression levels group, which was significantly higher than that was 28% (7/25) in high SF expression levels group (χ 2= 3.998,P = 0.046). Conclusions: SF may be a valuable blood marker for predicting the tumor progression and the efficacy of platinum-based therapies for advanced NSCLC patients.
[ -0.46875, 0.67578125, 1.2421875, -0.58203125, -0.8515625, -1.765625, -1.0078125, 1.5390625, 0.92578125, -0.609375, -0.74609375, -0.59375, 1.6953125, 0.44921875, 0.6640625, 2.453125, 0.796875, -0.470703125, 2.03125, 0.6953125, -1.296875, 0.212890625, -1.3125, 1.25, -0.10546875, -0.173828125, 0.82421875, -1.3359375, 0.09716796875, 0.73828125, 0.13671875, 3.265625, -2.21875, -1.1015625, -0.46484375, 0.703125, 1.1171875, 0.5625, 0.51953125, -0.671875, 1.25, -0.3359375, 0.2099609375, -2, -1.1640625, -0.95703125, -0.82421875, -0.87109375, -0.703125, -0.047119140625, -0.185546875, 0.8359375, 1.8359375, -0.78125, -0.83203125, -0.52734375, -2.03125, -0.57421875, 0.99609375, -0.1455078125, -1.25, -1.3046875, 3.015625, 0.94921875, 1.21875, -1.7109375, 0.74609375, 0.9296875, -0.4453125, -0.046630859375, 0.6796875, 1.6171875, -0.1708984375, -0.482421875, 0.9609375, 1.734375, -1.1875, 1.078125, 0.119140625, 1.3515625, 0.2431640625, 0.87890625, 0.8359375, 1.2578125, -1.75, 2.078125, 0.921875, 2.296875, 1.3203125, 1.0390625, -0.376953125, 1.046875, -0.59375, 0.07958984375, -0.515625, -0.359375, 0.26171875, 0.1298828125, -2.34375, 1.609375, -0.38671875, 0.07763671875, -1.75, -2.453125, -0.039794921875, 0.267578125, -0.609375, -0.28125, 0.205078125, 1.09375, 1.15625, 0.330078125, 0.9140625, 1.5078125, 0.072265625, 0.2333984375, -0.76171875, 0.494140625, -0.90234375, 0.10791015625, 0.162109375, -2.609375, -0.373046875, -0.29296875, 0.83203125, 0.48828125, -0.462890625, -1.3359375, -0.2353515625, -1.375, 1.578125, 0.1376953125, -1.0703125, 1.7890625, -0.328125, 0.076171875, 0.283203125, -0.369140625, 0.54296875, -0.0167236328125, 0.71875, 2.5625, -0.61328125, -0.384765625, -0.30859375, -1.765625, 1.2890625, -0.99609375, -0.435546875, 1.0859375, 0.515625, -1.4296875, -0.27734375, 0.875, -0.50390625, 0.34375, -1.234375, 1.2421875, -1.0390625, -0.1318359375, -0.74609375, -1.3359375, 1.8828125, 0.09619140625, -0.25390625, -0.365234375, -0.310546875, 0.46875, -0.890625, -1.3203125, -0.75, -0.6171875, -1.671875, -0.59765625, 0.255859375, -0.7734375, 0.40234375, 0.1474609375, 0.0262451171875, -0.9765625, 0.011474609375, 0.59765625, -1.6328125, 0.64453125, 2.65625, 0.97265625, -0.265625, -0.142578125, -0.78515625, 0.46875, -0.45703125, -2.03125, -2.90625, 0.2138671875, -0.6015625, -0.43359375, 0.095703125, 1.8046875, 0.138671875, -0.404296875, -2.03125, 0.458984375, 0.57421875, 1.8046875, 0.6015625, -0.06640625, 0.72265625, 0.87109375, 2.296875, 1.1875, -2.03125, -0.93359375, 0.6328125, -1.0546875, -1.1484375, -0.12255859375, -1.6640625, 1.9375, 0.01324462890625, -0.73828125, 1.1640625, 1.2578125, 2.34375, 0.94921875, -0.349609375, -0.5625, 1.2421875, 1.890625, -0.6484375, 0.76171875, -1.140625, 0.244140625, 0.7578125, -2.375, -1.4453125, -0.10693359375, 1.359375, -1.0625, 1.0234375, -1.7734375, 1.2421875, -0.3671875, -0.64453125, 1.6484375, 0.48828125, -0.039794921875, -1.546875, -0.82421875, -1.0390625, -0.7265625, 2.546875, -0.65625, -0.265625, -0.5859375, 0.1162109375, -0.259765625, -0.3359375, 0.271484375, 0.05322265625, -0.72265625, 0.52734375, 0.447265625, 0.984375, 0.150390625, -0.68359375, -2.515625, -1.1328125, -1.546875, -1.96875, 0.62109375, -0.2294921875, -0.310546875, -0.8359375, 0.55859375, 0.43359375, -0.328125, -0.58984375, -0.38671875, -0.275390625, 0.34375, -1.2578125, -2.0625, -0.75, 0.65234375, 1.2890625, 0.29296875, 0.4140625, 1.2265625, 0.87109375, -1.5703125, 0.08740234375, -2.375, -2.25, 1.4765625, -0.353515625, -0.359375, 1.53125, 0.9140625, 1.1015625, 1.09375, 1.0703125, -0.2177734375, -1.6640625, -0.546875, 0.90625, -0.89453125, -0.58203125, 1.4453125, -1.5078125, 0.55078125, 0.390625, 0.4765625, -0.333984375, 2.34375, -1.0703125, 0.08935546875, 0.45703125, -1.359375, 1.1015625, -0.734375, -0.1953125, -0.490234375, 0.283203125, -0.06298828125, -0.5625, -1.328125, -0.59375, -1.9375, -2.28125, -0.76171875, 0.80859375, 0.2451171875, -0.25390625, 0.19921875, -0.33203125, 0.396484375, -0.0037689208984375, -0.5625, 1.078125, -0.84375, 0.56640625, -1.2734375, -1.421875, -2.328125, 1.7578125, 0.181640625, 0.87109375, -0.6796875, 0.97265625, -1.984375, 0.00341796875, 0.5625, 1.21875, 0.455078125, -1.4140625, 2.15625, 1.3828125, -1.0859375, -0.53125, 1.640625, -0.81640625, -0.97265625, -1.3984375, -0.130859375, 0.263671875, 1.8203125, 0.53125, 0.0966796875, -2.265625, -2.609375, 1.6015625, -0.69921875, -0.447265625, -0.73828125, 1.15625, 0.181640625, -1.8203125, -1.1875, -2.265625, 0.625, -0.1611328125, 0.0810546875, 0.84765625, -0.302734375, -0.1181640625, 1.28125, 0.10595703125, -0.58984375, -0.64453125, 0.58984375, 0.55078125, 1.4453125, -1.609375, 0.287109375, 0.1572265625, 0.2734375, 2.4375, 0.23828125, -0.404296875, -2.71875, -0.83984375, -0.2890625, 1.046875, -2.5, -1.6796875, -0.435546875, -1.828125, 0.59375, 0.1083984375, 1.40625, 0.0380859375, -0.5625, -0.94140625, -0.6484375, 0.89453125, 0.8359375, 1.25, -0.94921875, -2.28125, 0.006378173828125, 1.1015625, -1.1328125, 1.4765625, -2.21875, -0.33984375, 1.125, 1.796875, 1.3984375, -0.330078125, 0.55859375, -0.33203125, -0.458984375, 0.8984375, 1.09375, -0.486328125, 0.009521484375, 1.78125, -0.345703125, -1.3203125, -0.060791015625, 0.52734375, 0.53125, 0.38671875, -1.078125, 0.333984375, 0.98828125, 0.06591796875, 0.259765625, 0.62109375, 1.1015625, 0.6328125, 0.0712890625, -1.6328125, -1.0625, -0.50390625, -0.765625, -1.3828125, -1.1640625, 0.70703125, -0.6640625, -0.486328125, -1.5, 1.1171875, 0.7421875, 0.048095703125, 0.0966796875, 1.5859375, 0.5859375, -1.1328125, 1.0703125, 1.4296875, -0.23828125, -0.53125, 0.4375, -1.21875, -0.0791015625, 0.451171875, -1.1015625, 0.64453125, 0.74609375, 1.9609375, 0.43359375, -0.4765625, 1.65625, -0.2275390625, 0.80859375, -0.228515625, -0.9609375, 0.84375, 0.1865234375, 0.322265625, -1.1328125, 0.5625, 0.8359375, 2.859375, -0.0693359375, -0.58984375, 1.53125, -0.34765625, 0.1689453125, 0.37890625, -0.365234375, -2.84375, -0.890625, 0.1533203125, 0.054931640625, -0.34765625, -0.35546875, -3.96875, 0.91015625, 0.9609375, 2.09375, -0.8984375, -0.439453125, -0.474609375, -0.224609375, -0.16796875, -0.07080078125, -1.03125, -0.7734375, 0.55078125, -0.6171875, -2.390625, 1.46875, 1.078125, 1.5390625, -0.1318359375, 0.48046875, -0.318359375, -1.6015625, 0.515625, -0.67578125, 0.478515625, 1.1953125, -0.08935546875, -0.28125, 0.8984375, 1.3359375, -0.859375, -0.61328125, -0.421875, -1.265625, -1.625, -0.8046875, 1.6953125, 0.376953125, -0.2431640625, 1.921875, 0.369140625, 1.3515625, -2.25, 1.296875, 0.32421875, 0.0289306640625, -1.4375, -0.125, -0.1201171875, -1.78125, -0.031494140625, -1.484375, 0.2109375, -2.015625, -0.197265625, 1.0703125, 0.0201416015625, 0.1376953125, -0.2177734375, 0.6484375, -0.22265625, 0.53515625, -0.3125, -2.546875, -0.58984375, 1.265625, 2.640625, -0.77734375, -1.421875, -2.015625, 0.11962890625, 0.51953125, -0.0830078125, -0.380859375, -0.734375, 1.21875, -0.064453125, -0.048828125, 0.53125, -1, 0.5234375, -0.69921875, -1.28125, -1.1328125, -1.3359375, -1.7578125, -0.69140625, -0.92578125, 0.85546875, 2.140625, 2.3125, 1.7890625, 0.5234375, 0.875, 0.443359375, 0.171875, 0.0986328125, -0.984375, -0.15625, -0.2255859375, 1.71875, 0.2080078125, 0.80078125, -1.8984375, 0.61328125, 1.359375, -0.73828125, 0.5390625, 1.359375, 0.87890625, -0.138671875, -0.283203125, -1.703125, -2.25, -1.0390625, 0.369140625, -0.048095703125, -0.1826171875, 1.703125, -0.259765625, 1.046875, 0.1455078125, -0.09375, 1.0546875, 0.2490234375, 0.53125, -2.171875, 0.392578125, -1.140625, 0.59375, -0.6328125, 0.2470703125, 0.04541015625, 0.78125, 1.578125, 0.154296875, 1.3984375, 2.390625, 0.171875, 0.30859375, -0.875, 2.109375, -3, 0.875, -1.6171875, 1.9765625, 0.036865234375, 2.03125, -1.1328125, -0.62890625, 0.0322265625, -1.171875, 0.9609375, 1.1328125, -0.5078125, -0.171875, 1.6875, -0.1845703125, -1.5234375, -1.8125, -1.0234375, -0.031982421875, -0.08251953125, 0.384765625, -0.15625, 0.7890625, -0.470703125, 0.62890625, -0.1875, 1.0546875, 1.6328125, -0.205078125, -0.125, -1.8046875, -0.91015625, 0.7890625, -0.046630859375, -0.83203125, -0.298828125, 0.921875, -1.0859375, -0.59375, 1.296875, 0.388671875, 1.25, -0.65234375, 1.6015625, 0.0281982421875, 0.08251953125, -0.126953125, -0.6171875, -1.375, -0.05029296875, 0.470703125, -0.392578125, -0.73828125, -0.0198974609375, -0.99609375, 0.17578125, 0.1533203125, 0.400390625, 0.80078125, 0.462890625, 0.06396484375, -1.3203125, 1.046875, 0.93359375, -0.56640625, 0.490234375, 0.248046875, 1.5390625, 0.53125, 0.578125, 0.431640625, 0.75390625, 0.271484375, 0.2255859375, -0.314453125, 0.0791015625, 1.0625, 0.43359375, -0.267578125, 0.75390625, -1.203125, 3.015625, -1.6484375, -0.7734375, -0.52734375, -1.53125, 0.39453125, -0.83984375, 1.484375, 0.0211181640625, 0.400390625, 1.0625, 0.2138671875, 0.0791015625, 0.1552734375, -0.3515625, -1.3359375, 0.265625, -0.73828125, 1.734375, -1.2109375, -0.6796875, 1.7578125, -1.015625, -2.28125, -0.494140625, 0.2412109375, -0.578125, -1.71875, 1.046875, -0.93359375, 0.345703125, -0.91015625, 1.078125, 0.478515625, -0.8046875, -0.0022430419921875, 0.0458984375, 0.359375, -1.859375, -0.50390625, -0.16796875, 1.2421875, -0.2158203125, -1.4609375, -0.59765625, 0.07373046875, 0.34375, 0.091796875, -2.234375, -0.474609375, -0.228515625, -0.33984375, -1.421875, -0.0947265625, 1.1328125, -1.8046875, -1.6328125, -0.26171875, -0.369140625, -0.3203125, -0.609375, -0.50390625, -2.75, 0.2373046875, -0.173828125, -1.5390625, 0.2001953125, -0.53125, 1.3125, -0.0302734375, 0.87890625, 0.11865234375, -1.109375, 0.71875, -1.640625, -0.359375, -0.5546875, -0.466796875, 2.03125, -0.01904296875, 0.2890625, -0.7421875, -0.625, 1.7265625, 0.283203125, -0.263671875, 1.4375, 0.609375, -0.0303955078125, 2.078125, -1.046875, 0.58203125, 0.1123046875, -0.025390625, 0.6015625, 0.11669921875, -3.140625, -0.2109375, -2.84375, -0.04833984375, -0.30078125, 0.022216796875, 1.03125, 0.68359375, 0.5, 0.271484375, 0.3984375, -0.23046875, 0.59375, 1.9765625, 2.453125, -0.8125, -1.1484375, -0.1884765625, -1.1640625, 0.451171875, 0.28125, -0.8984375, 1.171875, -1.2890625, 0.73828125, 0.1591796875, 0.28515625, -0.86328125, -1.3828125, -0.2138671875, 0.291015625, -0.578125, 0.92578125, -1.375, 0.66015625, 1.0390625, 0.162109375, 0.0228271484375, -1.96875, 0.33203125, -0.67578125, 0.0498046875, 0.470703125, -0.55859375, 0.60546875, 1.7109375, 1.171875, -0.6328125, 0.439453125, -2.171875, 0.4609375, 2.046875, -2.15625, -0.421875, -2.015625, -0.98828125, 0.462890625, -1.8515625, -0.337890625, -0.051025390625, -1.109375, -0.435546875, 1.1953125, -1.4609375, -0.94921875, 0.2890625, 0.01165771484375, 3.015625, 0.67578125, 0.45703125, 0.890625, 0.2333984375, -0.7421875, -0.6328125, -0.56640625, 1.5, -1.921875, 0.87890625, -0.23828125, -0.1767578125, -0.04931640625, 0.9375, -0.0306396484375, -0.4140625, 0.20703125, -0.515625, 0.56640625, -1.6796875, 0.53515625, 0.376953125, 0.4375, 0.03564453125, -0.38671875, 0.5390625, 0.25390625, -0.65234375, -0.6953125, 1.125, -2.171875, -0.7265625, -1.5859375, -1.7578125, -1.4765625, -1.171875, -0.212890625, -0.61328125, -2.0625, -2.671875, 1.5703125, -0.353515625, 2.1875, -1.328125, 0.21484375, -0.251953125, 0.828125, -0.7890625, 0.134765625, 0.30859375, -1.0546875, -1.5546875, 0.953125, -0.03369140625, -0.859375, -0.05517578125, -0.33984375, 0.6640625, 0.3125, -0.65625, 0.9765625, 0.361328125, 0.291015625, -0.9921875, -0.99609375, 0.228515625, 0.041259765625, -0.515625, 1.7578125, -1.109375, -0.796875, 1.1015625, 0.671875, 0.373046875, -0.4921875, 1.6328125, 0.08837890625, 0.23828125, -0.02294921875, -1.4765625, -1.015625, -0.61328125, 0.765625, -0.96875, 0.56640625, 1.09375, -0.46484375, 0.9375, 1.34375, 0.9609375, 0.71875, -0.15234375, 2.5, 0.14453125, 1.359375, -1.046875, -1.1953125, -1.0390625, -0.53515625, -0.326171875, -0.349609375, -0.4140625, -0.21484375, 0.69921875, -0.875, -0.734375, 1.234375, 0.375, 3.4375, 0.6796875, -0.55078125, 0.12158203125, -0.169921875, -0.037109375, -2.328125, 0.6796875, -0.095703125, -2.609375, 1.5703125, -0.1552734375, -0.69140625, -0.271484375, 1.2578125, 0.92578125, -0.640625, -1.6953125, -1.203125, 2.59375 ]
https://openalex.org/W1528705436
Ants of the Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County, Florida (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).
The 102 species of ants known to occur on the Archbold Biological Station in Highlands Co., Florida are listed with annotations on their habitat and microhabitat preferences and timing of nuptial flights. The diversity of the fauna results from the confluence of several biogeographic groups of ants. Several species are endemic to the xeric scrub of central Florida, which was an insular refugium during Pleistocene or Pliocene flooding. About 20 species are exotic, of which 6 have invaded scrub habitats. The invasibility of south Florida to exotic ants and the biogeographic affinities of native ants are discussed.
[ -1.171875, 0.291015625, -0.25390625, -0.416015625, -0.119140625, 0.78125, -2, 1.6171875, 0.7890625, -0.6484375, 0.30078125, 0.38671875, 1.0859375, 1.046875, 1.328125, -0.1904296875, 0.55078125, -1.09375, -0.39453125, 1.4140625, -0.2109375, -1.2578125, -1.6171875, 0.2216796875, 1.6015625, 2.140625, -0.52734375, -1.1015625, 1.375, -0.0196533203125, 0.1591796875, 0.515625, 0.053466796875, 0.259765625, -0.0098876953125, 0.62109375, 1.296875, 0.70703125, -2.078125, -0.006103515625, 1.5, -0.150390625, 0.2314453125, 0.0078125, 1.3671875, -0.283203125, -1.4609375, -1.9453125, 0.69921875, -2.09375, -0.5390625, -1.7109375, 1.1953125, -0.3828125, 0.4921875, -0.94140625, -0.474609375, -0.828125, 1.4296875, -0.91796875, -0.6015625, -1.5859375, -0.208984375, -0.052001953125, -0.96875, 0.30078125, -0.384765625, -0.64453125, -0.55859375, 1.4140625, 0.0194091796875, 1.09375, -1, -1.2265625, 2.015625, -0.86328125, -0.431640625, -0.029541015625, 1.734375, -0.71484375, 0.037109375, -1.1015625, 0.0016021728515625, 0.322265625, -2.125, 1.078125, -0.44921875, 0.193359375, -0.18359375, 0.3359375, -0.05419921875, 0.69140625, 0.03076171875, -1.2578125, -0.30078125, 0.423828125, 0.1376953125, 1.3828125, -0.92578125, 0.8125, -0.984375, -0.91015625, -0.5703125, 0.65234375, 1.2109375, 2.390625, -0.734375, -0.3828125, -1.28125, 1.1015625, 0.490234375, -0.2275390625, 0.91015625, -0.29296875, 0.5859375, -0.12060546875, -0.95703125, 1.40625, -0.609375, -2.328125, 0.41796875, -0.70703125, 0.72265625, 0.48046875, 0.6875, 0.8125, -0.87109375, -0.4375, 0.70703125, -0.31640625, 1.0859375, -0.451171875, -0.25, 0.267578125, -0.16796875, 1, 0.5625, 0.3125, 0.8046875, -0.4765625, 0.0008697509765625, 1.21875, -0.1396484375, 0.2158203125, -1.0625, -0.2890625, 0.4609375, -0.30078125, 0.80859375, -0.482421875, -0.52734375, -1.015625, 0.6640625, 0.43359375, -1.2421875, 0.57421875, -0.142578125, 0.9375, 0.443359375, -0.8046875, 0.5546875, -0.61328125, 0.189453125, -0.4609375, 0.15625, -0.91796875, -0.0390625, -0.11328125, 0.076171875, -0.42578125, -1.4609375, 1.109375, 1.46875, 1.6015625, 0.359375, -1.3359375, -0.111328125, 1.546875, -0.055419921875, -1.765625, 0.9375, 1.1875, 0.52734375, -0.036376953125, 1.4921875, -0.41015625, -1.734375, -0.353515625, 0.09033203125, -0.75390625, 1.21875, -3.609375, -2.4375, 1.2265625, -0.11376953125, -0.74609375, -0.421875, 2.03125, -0.5390625, -0.99609375, -1.078125, 0.6640625, 1.421875, -1.28125, 0.061767578125, 0.4609375, 0.384765625, 0.251953125, 0.97265625, 0.2265625, -0.30859375, -1.078125, 0.40234375, 1.625, -0.7578125, -1.078125, 0.8046875, 0.279296875, 1, -1.6171875, 0.369140625, 0.19921875, 0.40625, 0.3515625, 0.298828125, -1.5078125, 0.6875, 0.703125, -0.353515625, 0.99609375, 1.71875, 0.232421875, 0.1611328125, -0.08203125, -1.7421875, -0.0277099609375, 0.72265625, 0.0162353515625, 1.71875, -0.2470703125, -0.49609375, 0.1328125, -0.349609375, 1.2109375, -0.024658203125, -0.6015625, 0.6171875, -0.40234375, -0.39453125, 0.8203125, 1.5625, -2.1875, 1.1328125, -0.69921875, -0.435546875, 0.796875, -0.55078125, -0.31640625, 0.4609375, -0.486328125, 0.3828125, -0.0296630859375, -1.0234375, 1.4609375, -1.8671875, -0.07373046875, -0.953125, -1.125, -1.015625, 1.015625, -0.9921875, -1.203125, -0.16796875, -0.205078125, 0.28515625, 0.6953125, -0.1689453125, -0.10498046875, 0.82421875, -0.4609375, -0.455078125, -0.0263671875, -1.046875, -0.50390625, 1.5078125, -0.73828125, 1.59375, -0.37890625, -1.8203125, 0.462890625, 0.53515625, -0.98828125, -0.5859375, -1.0703125, -1.4140625, 0.0732421875, 0.130859375, 0.8671875, 0.92578125, 2.203125, 0.79296875, 0.65625, 0.55859375, -1.015625, 2.609375, -0.62890625, 0.1142578125, -0.2412109375, -0.11376953125, -0.39453125, 0.26953125, 0.14453125, -0.609375, 0.034423828125, -0.1298828125, 1.6171875, -0.81640625, -1.5703125, -0.1357421875, -0.279296875, -0.11669921875, 0.1201171875, 1.2265625, 0.40234375, 0.197265625, -1.4921875, -0.703125, 0.875, -0.6640625, -1.7734375, -1.3359375, 0.6171875, 0.421875, 0.6484375, -0.486328125, 0.9765625, -0.22265625, -0.005706787109375, -0.1689453125, -0.1787109375, -0.376953125, -0.251953125, 0.69921875, -0.05078125, 1.125, -0.384765625, 0.8671875, 0.2314453125, 1.3046875, -1.2734375, -0.64453125, -0.2119140625, -0.8984375, -0.5546875, -0.69921875, 0.78125, 3.25, -1.6328125, -0.279296875, 1.5859375, 0.3046875, -0.25, 0.11181640625, 1.2109375, 2, 0.052734375, 0.04833984375, -0.79296875, -0.7578125, -0.2294921875, 0.1435546875, -0.828125, -0.142578125, 1.2890625, 1.0234375, 0.1083984375, -2.5625, -1.5, 0.1279296875, 0.97265625, -1.8203125, -0.48828125, 0.4765625, 0.8671875, 0.28125, 1.3671875, 0.80859375, -0.2265625, 0.92578125, 0.4921875, -0.353515625, -0.83984375, -1.1796875, -0.60546875, -0.4453125, -0.404296875, 0.267578125, 0.734375, -1.5859375, -1.9453125, 0.11865234375, 1.2890625, -1.21875, -0.283203125, -0.2490234375, -0.09521484375, -0.353515625, -1.1171875, -1.171875, 1.3125, -0.12060546875, 0.328125, 1.1171875, -0.953125, 1.4609375, -1.8984375, 1, -0.49609375, -1.3359375, 0.31640625, -0.69140625, -0.97265625, 2.0625, -0.9921875, 0.8359375, 0.197265625, 0.462890625, 0.08935546875, -1.7109375, 0.427734375, -0.2314453125, -0.10595703125, 0.296875, -0.82421875, 0.890625, 0.2421875, -0.279296875, 1.6484375, -0.408203125, -1.1015625, 0.482421875, -1.1640625, -0.177734375, -0.6484375, 1.2578125, 0.50390625, 0.2294921875, 0.87890625, -0.67578125, 0.66015625, 0.6796875, 0.05322265625, -1.6328125, -0.8125, -0.6953125, 1.5546875, 0.5703125, 1.25, 0.953125, 1.5703125, -0.81640625, 1.1328125, -0.16015625, 0.043701171875, -1.3203125, -1.1328125, 0.9765625, -1.515625, 0.171875, 1.015625, -0.1826171875, 0.4765625, -1.59375, 0.98046875, 1.109375, 1.1484375, 1.359375, -0.59765625, 0.09814453125, 2.078125, 0.9921875, 1.4765625, -1.03125, 0.2373046875, 0.216796875, 0.890625, -0.98828125, 0.3203125, 1.0546875, -0.494140625, 1.515625, 0.478515625, 0.435546875, -1.578125, 0.07763671875, -0.107421875, 0.6171875, 0.921875, 0.404296875, -0.53125, -0.35546875, -0.7734375, -0.92578125, 0.05712890625, 1.46875, -0.61328125, 0.419921875, 0.0220947265625, -0.515625, 0.6328125, -0.349609375, 1.953125, -0.8984375, -1.0390625, 1.125, 1.4921875, -0.53515625, 0.75390625, 0.0035400390625, 1.359375, 1.296875, -1.171875, 0.2890625, -0.189453125, 2.015625, -0.29296875, 0.08447265625, 0.302734375, 1.3046875, -0.9765625, 1.2890625, 0.06591796875, -0.63671875, 1.125, -0.9140625, -0.9765625, -0.1162109375, -0.2099609375, 0.64453125, 0.142578125, -0.85546875, 0.89453125, -0.1787109375, 0.056396484375, 0.412109375, -0.91015625, 0.2890625, 1.796875, 1.109375, -0.166015625, 0.09033203125, 0.416015625, -0.5703125, 0.062255859375, -0.255859375, 0.8125, -0.10107421875, -0.212890625, 0.423828125, -0.031494140625, 0.15234375, -0.474609375, 0.36328125, 1.265625, -0.703125, 1.7421875, -0.37109375, -1.6640625, -0.2421875, -0.083984375, 0.9921875, 0.337890625, 0.0126953125, -1.1015625, 2.140625, -1.2890625, -0.90234375, -2.3125, -0.2060546875, -0.80078125, -0.69140625, 0.072265625, 0.146484375, 0.45703125, -1.34375, 1.4375, 0.3984375, -0.71484375, 0.7890625, -1.7421875, -0.640625, 1.7578125, 0.091796875, 0.5546875, 0.65625, 1.8359375, -0.55078125, 2.03125, -0.87890625, 2.28125, 0.373046875, 0.330078125, -0.27734375, 1.015625, -1.4765625, -1.0078125, -0.5078125, 0.68359375, -0.037353515625, -0.4375, 0.40234375, -1.4453125, -0.55078125, 0.48828125, -0.8046875, 0.263671875, 2.90625, 0.3046875, 0.640625, 0.69921875, -0.59375, 0.123046875, -0.4140625, 2.625, 0.208984375, -1.5625, -0.07080078125, -1.2890625, -0.515625, 1.40625, -2.109375, 0.85546875, -0.85546875, 0.208984375, -1.0703125, -0.5234375, 0.4453125, 0.609375, 0.640625, 0.015625, 1.828125, -0.40234375, -0.61328125, -0.76953125, -0.62109375, 1.8046875, -1.171875, 1.28125, 0.62890625, 1.515625, -1.1953125, 0.55859375, 0.30078125, -0.75390625, 1.0703125, 0.232421875, -0.357421875, -0.66796875, -0.07421875, -1.2578125, 2.359375, 1.8046875, 0.0247802734375, 0.7421875, 0.412109375, -0.080078125, 0.55078125, 0.1064453125, -0.1005859375, 0.91796875, 0.1796875, 0.44921875, 0.890625, 0.29296875, -1.140625, 2.09375, -0.59765625, 2.578125, -0.486328125, 0.11865234375, 0.2255859375, 0.0247802734375, -1.7578125, 1.3515625, 2.203125, -0.796875, 0.380859375, 0.7421875, 0.166015625, -0.62890625, -1.015625, -0.53125, 0.82421875, 1.015625, 0.1572265625, -0.078125, 0.435546875, 0.77734375, 0.014892578125, -0.55078125, 0.63671875, -0.5703125, -1.125, 0.5390625, -1.078125, -2.203125, -0.2470703125, 0.2021484375, -0.1455078125, -0.546875, -1.6015625, -0.341796875, 0.1953125, 0.283203125, -0.208984375, -0.0150146484375, 0.6484375, -1.3671875, -1.7578125, 0.7578125, 1.09375, 0.23046875, 0.76171875, -0.376953125, -0.74609375, -0.412109375, 0.8359375, 0.9296875, -1.2734375, -0.2578125, -0.80078125, -0.30859375, 1.9140625, -0.1875, 0.431640625, 1.1484375, 0.88671875, 0.8203125, 1.453125, -1.2734375, 0.02587890625, -0.11767578125, 1.1875, 0.4453125, -1.0546875, 0.546875, 0.71484375, -2.609375, -0.30078125, 0.087890625, -1.7109375, -0.78515625, 0.0400390625, 1.46875, 0.61328125, -0.44921875, -1.0546875, 1.8359375, 0.71484375, 0.0966796875, -0.025146484375, 0.11572265625, 1.25, 0.984375, 1.7578125, 0.0238037109375, -0.5859375, -0.6328125, 1.2421875, 0.7421875, -1.1171875, -0.26171875, 0.0247802734375, 1.015625, -0.953125, 0.008056640625, -1.2734375, -0.8125, -2.15625, 0.484375, -0.84765625, -0.322265625, -2.34375, 0.28515625, -0.94140625, 0.271484375, 0.359375, 0.31640625, 1.4921875, -0.55859375, -0.1669921875, -0.06298828125, -0.275390625, -0.43359375, 0.6953125, -0.7734375, 1.0078125, 0.8671875, -0.10888671875, 0.003387451171875, 0.2119140625, -0.8984375, 0.20703125, 1.59375, -0.5625, 0.10205078125, 1.46875, -0.7734375, -2.109375, 0.3359375, -0.9609375, -0.90625, 0.27734375, -0.0478515625, -1.25, -0.041015625, 0.271484375, -0.3046875, 0.06689453125, 1.828125, 0.31640625, 0.302734375, 1.0703125, 0.71875, 1.4140625, -1.140625, -0.5546875, -1.1953125, -2.203125, 0.80859375, -0.4609375, -3.359375, -1.3046875, 0.47265625, 0.29296875, -1.59375, -2.421875, -0.35546875, 0.67578125, 1.671875, 0.91796875, 0.166015625, 2.109375, 1.4375, -0.53125, -0.96484375, -0.3203125, 0.4296875, -1.1015625, -0.51953125, 0.76953125, 0.158203125, 0.388671875, 0.04541015625, 0.37109375, -0.421875, 1.171875, 0.2314453125, 2.609375, -0.27734375, 0.06640625, 0.7109375, -1.3671875, 1.5546875, -0.154296875, -0.353515625, -0.9296875, -0.111328125, 0.01220703125, 1.03125, 0.609375, 1.140625, 0.5390625, -0.060546875, -0.68359375, 0.10595703125, -0.48828125, 0.279296875, 0.96484375, 1.6796875, -0.76171875, 0.3359375, -0.9296875, 0.0260009765625, 0.890625, 0.796875, 0.640625, 0.7109375, -0.4921875, -0.78125, -0.8671875, 0.5859375, -0.828125, 0.11962890625, 0.40625, -0.25, -0.365234375, 0.369140625, 0.01470947265625, -0.279296875, -0.41015625, -0.5859375, 0.296875, 0.55859375, -0.37109375, -1.0625, -1.1953125, -0.984375, 0.474609375, 0.32421875, -0.255859375, -0.2080078125, -0.04443359375, 0.000514984130859375, 0.83984375, 0.7734375, 0.1201171875, -0.3046875, -0.6640625, -1.078125, 0.0927734375, -1.296875, -0.38671875, -0.0869140625, -0.07275390625, 0.09423828125, 0.640625, 1.1640625, -0.392578125, -1.6015625, -1.8828125, -1.265625, -0.07373046875, -1.5234375, -0.54296875, -1.1953125, -0.5859375, -0.7734375, -2.234375, -0.546875, 1.2578125, -0.29296875, -0.3515625, 0.279296875, 0.06884765625, 1.5078125, 0.46484375, 0.322265625, 1.984375, -1.2578125, 0.5390625, 1.3125, 0.6796875, -0.71875, 1.21875, 0.1884765625, -1.03125, 0.984375, 0.921875, 0.1552734375, 0.1689453125, 0.006439208984375, -0.216796875, -1.3828125, 1.0859375, -1.15625, -0.2490234375, 0.5078125, 0.51171875, -0.439453125, 0.5390625, -0.421875, -1.0625, 1.578125, -0.0693359375, -0.3515625, 0.09033203125, 0.7734375, -0.11767578125, -1.8359375, 0.73046875, -0.1669921875, 1.5546875, 0.4140625, 0.8359375, 0.62890625, 0.98828125, -0.66796875, 0.203125, 0.09521484375, 1.9765625, -0.427734375, 0.2470703125, 0.0869140625, 0.251953125, 0.73046875, -0.423828125, -0.87890625, 1.3984375, 0.0830078125, 0.140625, 0.034912109375, 1.6953125, 0.88671875, 2.796875, -1.1015625, 0.53125, -1.28125, -0.26953125, 0.2158203125, -0.15625, 1.6875, 0.98828125, 1.0390625, 1.140625, 0.279296875, 1.4296875, 0.482421875, 0.0201416015625, 1.8828125, -0.75, -0.10009765625, 0.8984375, 2.71875 ]
https://openalex.org/W152884668
ADVANCES IN HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGE SIMULATION
Continuing advances in hardware and software have improved both the speed and the range of computations that can be made to simulate high resolution electron microscope (HREM) images from various structures. Use of image display systems and array processors have made the image simulation procedure much more interactive while laser printers provide a fast high-quality hard copy output. Use of array processors has enabled the rewriting of electron scattering algorithms to include convergence effects (previously only considered after the scattered electron beams had emerged from the specimen) and upper-layer-line effects. With an array processor it is faster to compute effects of spatial and temporal coherence in real space, rather than use approximation solutions derived from series expansion in reciprocal space. With a frame buffer and suitable software the use has the facility to change parameters and view the results of the change almost immediately. Selected images can then be directed to hard copy output, in contrast with batch methods where series of hard copy images are produced and then selected from. Given a microdensitometer for input of experimental images from plates, or a video camera attached to the electron microscope and a frame buffer, split screen comparisons between experimental andmore » computed images are possible, including independent control of image contrast, magnification and orientation. 23 refs., 19 figs., 2 tabs.« less
[ -0.5234375, -0.193359375, 2.859375, -0.72265625, -0.1904296875, -0.80859375, -0.490234375, 1.1953125, 0.96484375, 0.90234375, 0.8125, 0.41015625, 0.89453125, 0.314453125, 1.6015625, 0.5234375, 0.072265625, 0.07666015625, -1.4296875, 0.7109375, 1.0078125, 0.703125, -0.671875, 0.2490234375, -0.091796875, 0.345703125, -1.515625, -1.390625, 1.0859375, 1.515625, 0.9140625, 0.359375, -0.73046875, -1.3828125, -1.0390625, 0.01904296875, 0.84375, 1.0078125, -0.1328125, 0.859375, 1.0703125, -1.4453125, 0.10302734375, -0.0244140625, 0.451171875, -0.8984375, 0.5078125, -0.97265625, -1.09375, -0.6484375, -0.5078125, -0.73828125, 1.96875, -0.76171875, -0.4140625, 1.2109375, -1.8828125, 0.2001953125, -0.007720947265625, -1.2109375, -1.0625, -0.82421875, 0.419921875, -0.158203125, 0.427734375, -0.5390625, -1.234375, 0.0322265625, 0.328125, -0.91015625, 1.1796875, -0.62109375, -1.71875, 0.126953125, 0.1962890625, 0.578125, -0.4765625, 0.953125, 1.671875, -0.4375, -0.006011962890625, 0.2099609375, -0.4765625, 0.373046875, -0.96875, 1.8828125, 0.6640625, 0.84375, 0.375, 0.357421875, 1.546875, 0.421875, -0.259765625, 0.50390625, -0.048583984375, -0.3359375, 0.50390625, 0.294921875, -2.421875, 1.8125, -0.296875, -0.2275390625, -0.23046875, -1.171875, 0.515625, 1.1796875, -0.9609375, -1.0703125, -0.85546875, -0.30859375, -0.9921875, 0.0294189453125, 0.33203125, 0.2578125, -0.453125, 1.171875, -1.3125, 0.57421875, -1.6640625, 0.1767578125, 0.71484375, -0.99609375, 1.0625, 1.3828125, 1.8671875, -1.0234375, -0.87109375, 0.1025390625, -0.38671875, -0.7890625, 1.5703125, 0.291015625, -0.057861328125, 0.50390625, 1.7109375, -0.34375, -1.0234375, 1.359375, 1.3828125, -0.66015625, -0.484375, 0.9453125, -0.07421875, -1.0546875, -0.5, 1.1484375, 0.10400390625, -0.314453125, -1.1953125, 0.8125, -0.2294921875, -0.166015625, -0.333984375, 1.328125, 1.96875, -1.6640625, -0.482421875, 2.390625, 1.0859375, 0.828125, 0.0888671875, -1.2734375, 0.2021484375, -0.015869140625, -0.84375, -1.015625, -1.1015625, 0.71484375, 2.484375, -0.62890625, 0.47265625, -0.0098876953125, 1.28125, -0.384765625, 0.9921875, -0.68359375, -0.72265625, 0.384765625, 0.9375, -0.86328125, 0.91796875, 3.40625, 0.84375, -2, 1.2890625, 2.640625, -1.578125, -0.423828125, -1.3515625, 1.34375, -0.5078125, -1.15625, -1.4453125, 1.21875, 1.921875, -0.00927734375, -0.09033203125, 2.25, 0.392578125, -1.2890625, -1.9375, 0.55859375, -1.109375, -1.2734375, 1.484375, -0.15234375, 1.1953125, 1.0859375, 0.462890625, 0.5390625, -2.578125, -2.375, 0.1923828125, 0.462890625, -0.9453125, -0.294921875, 0.2294921875, 1.546875, 0.56640625, -0.9921875, 0.7890625, 0.2490234375, -0.59765625, 0.1435546875, -0.0157470703125, -1.4296875, -0.443359375, 1.4296875, -1.5390625, 1.421875, 0.146484375, 0.392578125, -0.419921875, -0.322265625, 0.16015625, 0.7109375, 0.62890625, 0.69140625, 2.171875, -0.369140625, 0.2255859375, 1.6015625, -0.119140625, 0.9453125, 1.578125, -0.4765625, -0.640625, -0.6875, 0.53125, 0.4609375, 3.109375, -1, 0.18359375, -1.203125, -1.46875, 0.5859375, -0.53515625, 0.05712890625, 1.8359375, -0.95703125, 0.37109375, 1.3046875, -0.1171875, 0.0693359375, -1.4296875, -1.2109375, -1.71875, -0.046142578125, -0.94921875, -0.0517578125, 1.0390625, -1.0703125, -1.1953125, -0.0888671875, -1.3515625, 0.421875, 0.58984375, -1.96875, -0.8671875, 0.046875, -0.2099609375, -0.0159912109375, -1.5546875, -0.20703125, -0.1904296875, 2.109375, 0.375, 0.26953125, -0.095703125, -0.99609375, -0.94921875, -0.875, -0.298828125, -0.41796875, -0.154296875, -0.86328125, -0.70703125, 1.859375, 1.671875, 1.8046875, 0.734375, 1.484375, -1.015625, 0.0208740234375, 2.140625, -1.8828125, -1.7109375, 0.412109375, 2.265625, 1.921875, -1.0390625, 0.88671875, -0.37890625, -0.4765625, 0.138671875, 0.2578125, 0.306640625, -0.94140625, 1.5625, -0.02197265625, 0.361328125, 1.0234375, -0.326171875, 0.54296875, -0.65625, -0.62890625, -1.328125, -0.2314453125, -0.0167236328125, -0.0771484375, -0.94140625, -1.1484375, 1.890625, -0.72265625, -0.423828125, 0.796875, 0.361328125, -0.578125, 0.7265625, 0.921875, 1.3671875, -1.4765625, -0.0091552734375, -2, 0.486328125, 1.6953125, -1.40625, -0.07568359375, 0.341796875, -0.53125, -0.7421875, -0.5390625, 1.5078125, -0.04833984375, -1.6015625, 0.921875, 1.96875, -2.703125, -0.55859375, -0.2578125, -0.5625, -0.10498046875, -1.875, 0.578125, 0.30859375, 0.35546875, -0.0284423828125, 0.10498046875, 1.15625, -0.279296875, 0.08984375, 0.56640625, -0.4765625, 0.025390625, 1.5859375, 0.703125, -2.21875, -1.75, -1.5703125, 0.462890625, -1.359375, -0.208984375, -0.73828125, 0.99609375, 0.734375, 0.435546875, -0.7265625, -0.515625, -1.21875, 1.984375, 0.193359375, 0.26171875, -2.203125, -0.1533203125, -1.9453125, 0.390625, 0.283203125, 0.015869140625, -0.83984375, -0.60546875, -1.59375, 0.443359375, 2.234375, -1.3515625, 0.1806640625, -1.390625, -0.8359375, -2.0625, -1.0234375, 0.1748046875, -1.125, 0.56640625, 0.419921875, -0.5703125, 0.7734375, -1.1640625, 1.515625, 0.375, -0.6953125, -0.11083984375, 0.1904296875, 0.140625, 0.052490234375, -0.494140625, 0.220703125, 0.50390625, 0.419921875, 1.5546875, -1.2890625, 0.76953125, -2.296875, 0.29296875, -0.271484375, 0.173828125, 0.310546875, 0.058349609375, 0.8828125, -1.0390625, -1.3984375, -0.84765625, 1.859375, -0.1953125, 0.82421875, 0.53125, 1.9453125, 0.81640625, -1.1640625, -0.9453125, 0.44140625, 1.140625, -0.0703125, -1.3515625, -1.3125, -1.265625, -1.171875, 2.28125, 0.04296875, -0.447265625, 0.0830078125, -0.345703125, -0.34765625, -0.8203125, -1.125, 1.03125, 0.408203125, -0.5859375, -0.45703125, 0.80078125, -0.86328125, 2.703125, 2.078125, -0.115234375, 0.330078125, 0.0986328125, 1.09375, 1.703125, -0.88671875, -0.06640625, 0.5625, 2.296875, 1.2109375, -0.059814453125, -1.5859375, 1.1484375, 0.26953125, 0.70703125, -2.0625, 0.26171875, 0.1767578125, 1.1484375, -0.431640625, -0.51171875, 0.2451171875, 1.28125, -0.1572265625, -1.4609375, -0.12158203125, 1.109375, -0.29296875, 0.5078125, -1.2265625, -2.75, -2.671875, 0.87109375, 3.046875, -0.0302734375, -0.4609375, -0.388671875, -1.953125, -0.2451171875, 1.359375, 2.6875, -1.2421875, -0.48046875, 0.67578125, 1.2421875, 1.3671875, 1.828125, 1.09375, -1.3203125, 0.1123046875, -0.3515625, -1.1796875, -0.75, -0.44921875, -0.62890625, 0.41015625, 0.380859375, -0.578125, -1.859375, 0.9609375, 0.1962890625, -0.02490234375, 1.5390625, 0.03466796875, 0.1943359375, -0.87890625, -1.2109375, 0.90234375, -0.11181640625, 0.0966796875, 0.08642578125, -0.13671875, -0.546875, 2.46875, 1.34375, -0.37109375, 1.890625, -0.70703125, 0.369140625, -2.21875, 0.1064453125, -1.078125, -0.318359375, 0.169921875, 0.84375, 0.1552734375, 0.042724609375, 0.40625, -0.09033203125, 0.54296875, -1.3984375, -0.09228515625, 1.203125, 0.130859375, -0.458984375, 0.48046875, -0.60546875, 1.46875, -0.4296875, 1.1015625, 1.0703125, -1.828125, 0.390625, 2.046875, 0.8671875, -0.322265625, 0.384765625, 0.1376953125, 1.59375, 0.89453125, -1.2421875, -1.1640625, 1.3125, 0.373046875, -0.984375, 2.546875, 0.75390625, -0.40234375, -0.55859375, -2.25, -0.11474609375, 0.431640625, -0.0849609375, -0.51171875, 0.7109375, -0.248046875, 1.3046875, 0.69921875, 0.51171875, 0.6484375, 0.1552734375, 0.85546875, -1.0546875, 1.1875, 1.078125, 0.1845703125, -0.98046875, 0.60546875, 1.890625, -1.1875, 2.125, -0.75390625, -0.69140625, 0.93359375, -0.07568359375, -0.050537109375, -2.078125, -0.609375, 1.0234375, -1.0859375, 1.5859375, -0.361328125, 0.828125, -0.75, -1.5625, -0.88671875, -0.51953125, 0.60546875, 0.625, -1.5546875, -0.08837890625, -0.58984375, -1.546875, -0.396484375, -1.0625, -1.296875, 1.2734375, 0.4140625, -0.31640625, 1.921875, 0.27734375, 1.75, -0.8046875, 0.71875, 1.296875, -1.25, 1.5, 0.12890625, 2.90625, -0.0185546875, 0.82421875, -0.546875, -0.52734375, 2.1875, 1.7734375, -1.4296875, 1.3984375, 0.953125, 1.53125, 0.4609375, 1.046875, 2.03125, -1.1796875, 1.1484375, 2.5625, -1.484375, -1.03125, 0.6875, 0.19921875, -0.65625, -0.0390625, 0.384765625, 0.45703125, -0.1669921875, 2.09375, -0.73828125, 1.640625, -0.16015625, 0.8515625, -0.0849609375, -0.0888671875, -0.9453125, -0.5234375, 0.76171875, -1.6171875, -0.546875, 0.2314453125, -0.65234375, -0.83984375, 1.203125, -0.08935546875, 1.2578125, 1.578125, 0.5859375, 0.2294921875, 1.3125, 0.52734375, -0.3203125, -0.64453125, 0.2119140625, 2.46875, 0.361328125, 0.41015625, 0.68359375, 0.80078125, -2.25, 2.046875, -1.484375, -1.3203125, 0.3203125, -1.1328125, -0.00665283203125, 1.0859375, 0.435546875, -0.1474609375, -0.380859375, -0.263671875, -1.875, 0.1162109375, 1.1875, 0.1435546875, 2.03125, -1.0390625, -0.392578125, -0.83203125, 0.388671875, 1, -0.9453125, 1.8203125, -1.296875, -0.80859375, 2.546875, -0.185546875, -0.45703125, 1.625, 1.5703125, 0.70703125, 0.69140625, 0.287109375, -0.6328125, 1.9296875, 1.2109375, -0.734375, -1.578125, 0.2001953125, 0.55859375, -0.2890625, -0.1845703125, -0.1640625, -0.000553131103515625, 1.15625, -1.265625, 0.11279296875, 0.279296875, -0.8359375, -0.375, -0.9453125, -1.0703125, -1.5625, 1.6875, -0.62109375, 0.65234375, -1.1796875, 2.046875, 0.038330078125, -0.21484375, -1.3984375, -0.421875, 1.2578125, 0.1669921875, -0.1591796875, -1.28125, 0.259765625, 0.171875, 0.578125, 0.2890625, -1.4140625, 0.62109375, 0.134765625, -3.0625, -0.94921875, 0.298828125, 0.040771484375, -0.10498046875, 0.111328125, -0.40234375, 0.23046875, 0.333984375, -1.0625, -1.0390625, 0.17578125, -0.765625, -1.1328125, -0.234375, -1.5859375, -0.3125, 1.484375, 1.1015625, -0.068359375, 1.5078125, -0.78125, 1.140625, -0.609375, 0.1767578125, 2.21875, 1.4140625, 0.28125, -0.0888671875, -0.228515625, 0.76171875, -1.1953125, 2.046875, 1.1875, -1.171875, 0.39453125, -0.14453125, 0.6171875, 1.65625, 1.578125, -1.1328125, -1.40625, -0.9296875, 1.4375, 0.44140625, -0.6796875, 0.23046875, -0.1650390625, -1.40625, 0.7421875, -2.5625, -0.68359375, -0.478515625, -0.1455078125, 1.4921875, 0.76171875, 1.2265625, 1.359375, 0.388671875, 0.85546875, 0.6640625, 0.80078125, 0.671875, 0.69921875, -0.57421875, -0.890625, -0.2470703125, 1.8828125, -1.8828125, -1.234375, 0.60546875, 0.1396484375, 1.4296875, -1.171875, 0.80078125, -0.361328125, 1.3203125, -0.1533203125, 2.03125, -1.046875, 1.1171875, 0.1142578125, 2.609375, 0.8828125, -0.04638671875, -2.46875, -0.29296875, 0.1640625, -0.83984375, -0.9375, 0.7578125, -0.3203125, -0.984375, 1.2421875, 0.361328125, -1.46875, -0.625, -1.1171875, -0.142578125, 2.234375, -1.1328125, -0.05419921875, -1.71875, -0.86328125, 0.2119140625, -1.265625, 0.703125, 0.54296875, 1.1640625, -0.5546875, 1.78125, -0.9453125, -0.96875, -1.5859375, -0.2177734375, -0.2890625, -0.9140625, 0.6640625, -0.2001953125, 3.078125, 1.1328125, -1.0390625, -0.6171875, 0.419921875, 0.5859375, -0.416015625, -2.546875, 0.49609375, 1.765625, -0.640625, -0.91015625, -0.005218505859375, 0.09814453125, -0.291015625, 0.9453125, 0.18359375, 0.265625, -1.6875, 0.66015625, -0.8046875, 0.62109375, -0.22265625, 0.09716796875, 0.98046875, -0.83984375, 1.4453125, -1.671875, 0.30078125, 0.38671875, -1.703125, -1.5703125, -1.109375, -0.259765625, -1.515625, 0.81640625, -1.4296875, 0.98828125, 0.859375, 0.2041015625, -0.2060546875, 0.03466796875, -0.35546875, 0.478515625, 0.27734375, -1.84375, 0.9765625, 0.10302734375, -1.0859375, -0.3828125, -0.349609375, 0.298828125, -0.1201171875, -0.66796875, -1.203125, 1.3046875, 0.50390625, -0.04736328125, 0.29296875, 0.1494140625, -1.3828125, -1.1015625, 2.328125, -0.8515625, -0.0625, -0.0986328125, -1.2890625, -0.55859375, 0.74609375, 1.15625, -0.251953125, -1.109375, 1.21875, -3.328125, -0.205078125, -0.73046875, 1.578125, 0.330078125, 1.1328125, 0.8359375, 0.1357421875, 0.66796875, 0.150390625, 0.349609375, 0.28125, 0.31640625, 1.4765625, 0.44140625, 0.291015625, 1.0625, -0.625, 0.1728515625, -1.625, -0.640625, 1.140625, 0.50390625, -0.27734375, -0.55859375, -2.09375, -0.1767578125, 0.18359375, 0.7578125, -1.953125, 1.2265625, 0.3125, 0.875, -0.984375, 0.7734375, -0.6640625, 0.515625, -0.376953125, -0.058837890625, 1.8671875, -1.1953125, -0.439453125, 0.1318359375, 0.57421875, 0.267578125, 0.58984375, 0.341796875, 0.357421875, -1.421875, -1.2890625, 0.79296875, 1.734375 ]
https://openalex.org/W1529253129
Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Practices in Paddy and Cotton: A Case Study in Haryana and Punjab
The study has examined the adoption of IPM practices on cotton in Punjab and on paddy in Haryana and has assessed the impact of key socio-economic and institutional factors on IPM adoption. The Poisson count regression models have been used to analyze technology adoption. The awareness generation about technology through formal crop-specific IPM training provided by the farmers’ field schools has been found extremely effective in wider adoption of IPM in the study areas. Hence, investment in IPM education through these programmes will have long-term beneficial impact. Regarding effectiveness of extension services, the study has not shown (frequency of meeting extension personnel) any statistically significant impact on IPM adoption rates. Mixed evidence has been observed about the relationship between farm-size and adoption of IPM practices. In the case of paddy, a negative relationship has been observed, while the cotton has shown a positive relationship. The study has concluded that a higher gross value of crops does not appear to have a positive impact on IPM technology adoption in cotton.
[ -0.75390625, 0.28515625, -0.66796875, -0.4140625, -1.4375, -0.6875, -1.0546875, 0.75390625, 0.333984375, -2.078125, 0.28125, 1, 1.6640625, 0.7890625, -0.453125, 0.484375, -0.470703125, -0.5234375, -0.5, -0.76171875, -0.474609375, 0.2421875, -1.078125, 1.1171875, 0.150390625, 0.42578125, -0.71875, -0.85546875, -0.50390625, 0.86328125, 0.41015625, 1.7265625, -1.6015625, 0.1572265625, -0.4140625, 0.5625, 0.494140625, 2.03125, 0.234375, -0.3125, 0.79296875, -1.09375, 0.9453125, 0.65625, -0.275390625, 2.28125, -0.232421875, -1.5859375, 0.64453125, -1.875, -0.2216796875, -0.33203125, 0.64453125, -2.171875, -0.48046875, -0.1884765625, -0.2294921875, -0.5703125, -0.330078125, 0.29296875, -0.53125, -1.1875, -0.455078125, -0.158203125, -0.64453125, 0.416015625, 0.8671875, 1.53125, 0.2353515625, 0.42578125, 1.0390625, 2.671875, -0.22265625, 0.5546875, 0.93359375, 0.482421875, 0.58984375, -0.30078125, 0.71484375, 1.0078125, -0.3046875, -0.142578125, -0.302734375, -0.322265625, -1.859375, 0.8671875, -1.21875, 0.294921875, 0.012451171875, 1.7734375, -0.0390625, 0.0498046875, -0.703125, -0.1884765625, 0.5859375, 0.5390625, -0.3203125, -0.4609375, -1.28125, -0.953125, 0.09521484375, -0.53125, -0.75390625, 0.2158203125, 0.1533203125, 1.59375, -0.1904296875, -0.189453125, -0.041748046875, 1.1328125, -0.828125, -0.419921875, -0.60546875, 1.8125, 2.671875, 1.40625, -0.72265625, 1.59375, 0.96484375, 0.0625, 0.625, -1.8515625, -0.71875, 0.80078125, 1.3125, 1.4296875, -0.21875, -0.326171875, 1.0390625, -0.1396484375, 0.89453125, 1.0625, 0.3203125, 1.140625, -1.0390625, 0.291015625, 0.4140625, 0.8046875, 2.21875, -0.77734375, -0.01300048828125, 1.3125, -1.8046875, -0.61328125, -0.4921875, -0.4609375, 1.078125, 0.76171875, -0.89453125, 1.03125, 0.0002536773681640625, -2.5, -0.08935546875, 1.3046875, 1.4140625, -0.46484375, -0.369140625, 2.1875, -0.0380859375, -1.859375, -0.75, -2.359375, 0.96875, 0.005126953125, 0.5859375, -1.2890625, -0.365234375, -0.71875, -0.0272216796875, 0.9453125, -1.7890625, 0.609375, -0.03564453125, 0.1572265625, 1.453125, 0.6328125, -1.8515625, 0.031982421875, -0.6953125, -0.0167236328125, 0.76171875, 1.171875, -0.0322265625, 0.39453125, 1.6328125, 0.93359375, -0.5234375, -0.208984375, 0.326171875, 1.453125, 0.8046875, -1.234375, -1.4609375, 0.92578125, -0.9140625, 0.7578125, -0.47265625, 1.328125, 0.67578125, 0.0030517578125, -0.78125, 0.46484375, -1.4140625, 0.78515625, 0.470703125, -0.23828125, 1.75, 0.033203125, 0.11865234375, 0.3125, -0.6875, -0.921875, -1.2421875, -0.224609375, 0.0673828125, -1.0703125, -1.078125, 0.263671875, -0.98046875, -0.10693359375, 0.439453125, 0.19140625, 0.07666015625, 2.0625, 0.2421875, -0.80859375, 0.031494140625, 1.2421875, 0.048583984375, 0.451171875, 0.546875, 1.21875, -0.32421875, -0.55078125, -1.9765625, 1.5625, -0.78125, 1.3828125, -0.447265625, -0.1650390625, -0.8203125, -0.2421875, 0.1708984375, 1.703125, 1.03125, -0.80078125, 0.35546875, -0.58984375, -0.17578125, -0.0849609375, 0.73046875, -0.8515625, -1.875, -0.1181640625, 0.73046875, -0.8359375, -0.09765625, -0.490234375, 0.25390625, -0.11279296875, -0.2333984375, 1.109375, -0.73046875, -0.380859375, -1.171875, -1.0390625, -0.7734375, 0.3203125, -1.546875, -0.34375, -0.61328125, -2.3125, -1.03125, 0.7734375, 0.23828125, -0.609375, -0.23828125, -0.734375, -0.08056640625, -1.7734375, 0.609375, -2.09375, -0.486328125, 0.5546875, 2.40625, 1.1953125, 0.369140625, 0.71484375, -1.5859375, 0.59765625, -0.87890625, 0.271484375, 0.10205078125, 1.3359375, -0.95703125, -0.875, -1.96875, 0.73828125, 1.1484375, 1.5703125, 1.265625, 1.34375, -0.74609375, -0.69921875, 0.921875, 0.06982421875, -0.8359375, -0.345703125, -0.3515625, -0.3671875, 1.4453125, -0.5546875, -0.0654296875, -0.59765625, -0.58203125, 0.8828125, -0.91796875, -1.0625, 0.73046875, 0.1220703125, 0.73046875, -0.66015625, -0.609375, -1.015625, -0.032470703125, -0.75390625, -1.84375, -0.734375, -2.4375, 0.029541015625, -2.125, 0.8203125, 0.0004673004150390625, -0.58984375, -0.435546875, 1.3046875, 0.030517578125, -0.376953125, 0.90234375, 0.1787109375, 1.171875, -1.9609375, -1.2734375, -0.84375, 0.16015625, -0.38671875, -0.73046875, -0.87109375, 1.0625, -3.21875, 0.69921875, -1.2109375, 1.8828125, 0.162109375, -0.4375, 0.6953125, 1.7890625, -1.6796875, -0.271484375, 0.640625, 1.3203125, 0.1865234375, -2.53125, 0.345703125, 1.6484375, 0.349609375, -0.3203125, -0.796875, -0.3671875, -0.38671875, 2.484375, -1.2109375, 1.8359375, 0.5390625, -0.0634765625, -0.091796875, -2.6875, -1.5625, 0.17578125, 1.8125, -1.6015625, 1.140625, -0.43359375, 1.953125, 0.8828125, 0.9453125, 0.279296875, -0.0859375, -0.447265625, 2.375, -0.416015625, 1.328125, -0.54296875, -0.98046875, 0.302734375, 0.29296875, 1.75, -0.58984375, 0.9765625, -2.34375, 0.2451171875, 1.109375, 0.29296875, 0.59375, -0.150390625, 0.0242919921875, -0.98046875, -1.90625, -0.5703125, -0.53125, -0.359375, 0.1923828125, 0.30859375, 0.232421875, -0.36328125, -0.322265625, -0.36328125, 1.3203125, 0.057373046875, -0.7734375, -0.4765625, 0.291015625, 0.2333984375, -1.3046875, 1.3359375, 0.2197265625, 0.3203125, 2.03125, -1.9609375, 0.474609375, 1.3359375, 0.2197265625, -0.8671875, -0.67578125, 0.115234375, -0.318359375, 0.91796875, 0.59765625, -1.7578125, -1.0078125, 1.6328125, -1.8515625, 0.23828125, -0.318359375, 1.1953125, -0.0947265625, 1.6171875, 0.953125, 0.10546875, 0.671875, -0.353515625, -1.75, -1.515625, -0.94140625, -0.357421875, 0.326171875, -1.2421875, -0.65625, -0.7265625, 1.609375, 0.054443359375, -1.3828125, 0.7890625, 0.9765625, -0.4609375, -1.1484375, 0.75390625, -0.0036773681640625, -0.51953125, 1.765625, 0.76171875, 1.03125, -1.203125, 0.01416015625, 0.76171875, 1.6328125, -0.345703125, -0.7265625, -0.46875, 0.97265625, 1.203125, 1.2421875, -1.515625, 0.2080078125, -0.052001953125, -0.83984375, -0.458984375, 1.546875, -0.58984375, -0.08349609375, 0.97265625, -1.8984375, -0.462890625, -1.4765625, 1.59375, 1.234375, 0.97265625, 2.15625, -0.65625, -0.34375, -0.859375, -0.373046875, -1.484375, 0.205078125, 1.8828125, 0.91015625, -0.828125, 0.0732421875, -1.2578125, -0.052490234375, 0.75, 1.140625, -1.65625, -0.6484375, 1.34375, 0.69140625, 1.2890625, -0.3671875, 1.453125, -0.9765625, -0.2119140625, 0.1611328125, 0.01104736328125, -0.78125, -0.43359375, 0.478515625, 1.953125, -0.38671875, -0.330078125, -1.5, -0.296875, -0.173828125, -0.51171875, 1.078125, 0.2470703125, -1.0078125, 0.39453125, 0.59375, 1.734375, 0.86328125, -0.828125, 0.341796875, -2.421875, 0.458984375, 0.373046875, 0.8515625, 0.16015625, 2.34375, -0.126953125, -0.6015625, -0.341796875, 0.53125, 0.310546875, -1.203125, -0.90625, 1.71875, -1.5703125, -0.5078125, 1.0703125, -0.859375, -0.28125, -0.048583984375, -0.0517578125, 1.1484375, 0.00848388671875, -0.61328125, -0.5859375, -0.435546875, 1.359375, -0.7734375, 1.0390625, 0.4921875, 1.0859375, -0.34765625, 0.59765625, -1.140625, -0.3359375, -0.53515625, -1.2734375, -1.328125, 0.388671875, -0.30078125, -0.703125, -0.33984375, -0.267578125, 1.609375, 0.5625, -0.40625, 0.0732421875, -0.302734375, -0.27734375, -0.734375, 0.9921875, -1.078125, 0.890625, 0.96875, 0.08544921875, 1.828125, -1.3046875, 0.47265625, -0.98828125, 0.154296875, 0.12060546875, -0.4140625, 0.494140625, 1.3671875, 0.146484375, -0.419921875, 0.1572265625, 0.2451171875, -1.546875, -0.08740234375, -0.25, -1.3203125, -0.6796875, -0.041259765625, 2.171875, 0.27734375, 0.059326171875, -0.361328125, 0.8515625, -0.8359375, 1.265625, 1.34375, -0.94140625, -0.87109375, -0.3828125, -1.7421875, -0.67578125, 0.5546875, -1.3671875, 0.330078125, 0.6015625, -0.71484375, -0.039306640625, 0.05078125, -1.2265625, 0.5703125, 0.091796875, 0.291015625, 2.453125, 1.3828125, -1.171875, 0.06201171875, -1.15625, 0.98046875, -1.6484375, -0.61328125, -0.1953125, 1.9765625, -0.80859375, -1.2578125, 0.453125, -1.359375, 1.5078125, -0.068359375, -2.46875, -1.890625, -0.01190185546875, -0.228515625, 0.1962890625, -0.55859375, -0.69140625, 0.56640625, 0.333984375, 1.0703125, 1.3828125, -0.53515625, 0.4296875, 0.3359375, -0.67578125, -0.259765625, -1.2265625, -0.345703125, 0.37890625, 0.15234375, -1.640625, 1.8046875, -1.7421875, 0.8046875, 0.97265625, 0.1650390625, -0.3046875, 1.078125, -0.263671875, -1.09375, -0.466796875, -0.7265625, 1.0625, 1.828125, -0.86328125, 0.99609375, 0.0673828125, 2, 0.04345703125, 0.55078125, -0.7421875, -0.455078125, 1.1875, -0.1455078125, -0.197265625, 0.173828125, -0.267578125, 0.81640625, 1.3828125, -0.8359375, -0.4609375, 0.70703125, 1.0625, -0.76953125, -0.28515625, 0.259765625, 0.2275390625, -0.1181640625, 0.263671875, 0.296875, -1.2734375, -0.44921875, 0.0084228515625, 0.11279296875, 1.828125, 0.515625, 0.275390625, 0.41796875, -1.8671875, 0.1435546875, -1.7421875, -0.1806640625, -2.078125, -1.3203125, -0.3046875, 0.201171875, 1.0625, 0.1806640625, 0.0947265625, 0.40625, -1.4765625, 1.1953125, 0.37109375, 0.9140625, -0.06884765625, 1.8984375, 0.447265625, -1.0546875, 0.09033203125, -0.4453125, -0.33203125, -2.46875, -0.447265625, 0.259765625, 0.039794921875, 0.56640625, -1.8984375, -0.322265625, 0.435546875, -0.640625, -0.86328125, 0.63671875, -0.265625, -1.234375, 0.78515625, 0.03466796875, 0.06689453125, -0.1171875, 1.625, 0.65625, -0.1689453125, -0.6015625, 0.0283203125, -0.314453125, -1.4140625, -0.7109375, 1.0625, -0.51953125, -1.359375, 0.51171875, 0.71875, -0.52734375, 0.23046875, -0.37890625, -0.7109375, -1.0390625, 0.68359375, 0.134765625, -0.7265625, 1.828125, 0.294921875, -0.66796875, 1.109375, 1.6484375, -0.474609375, 0.1591796875, 0.28125, 0.38671875, -0.263671875, -1.9296875, 0.083984375, 0.65625, -0.671875, -0.76171875, 0.5078125, 0.55078125, 2.125, 0.345703125, -0.640625, -0.10546875, 0.107421875, -0.53515625, 1.140625, 0.5703125, 1.2265625, -1, 2.234375, 1.21875, -0.4296875, 0.0849609375, 0.4921875, 1.3125, -0.208984375, 0.546875, -0.75390625, 1.7265625, -0.3046875, -0.30078125, 1.2109375, -1.0546875, -0.1220703125, -0.609375, -1.390625, 0.5234375, -0.53125, -0.05126953125, -1.4453125, -0.06201171875, -0.1923828125, -0.2392578125, -1.0078125, 0.7265625, -2.4375, 2.40625, 0.85546875, 0.7734375, 2.171875, -0.400390625, 0.05029296875, -1.015625, -1.7265625, 0.1298828125, -0.29296875, -1.515625, 0.369140625, -0.57421875, -0.7890625, -0.64453125, 0.76953125, -0.322265625, 0.95703125, -0.66015625, 1.609375, -0.47265625, 0.953125, -0.431640625, -0.275390625, 1.0625, 0.197265625, -0.2392578125, 0.35546875, -2.1875, -1.5078125, 2.09375, -1.9375, 1.3046875, -0.267578125, 1.4296875, -0.546875, 0.63671875, -1.1171875, -0.68359375, 0.150390625, 2.9375, 0.201171875, 0.2421875, -0.5, 0.0216064453125, -0.76953125, -1.4140625, 2.15625, -0.45703125, -0.9765625, -0.48828125, -0.5390625, 0.34375, -1.9296875, 0.142578125, -0.94921875, -0.30859375, -0.6328125, -0.61328125, -0.68359375, 2.078125, -0.068359375, -0.734375, -0.37109375, -0.34765625, -0.92578125, 0.044189453125, -0.326171875, 0.9921875, -0.046630859375, 0.98828125, -1.2734375, -1.3046875, 0.115234375, -0.7109375, -0.484375, 0.1689453125, -0.93359375, 0.173828125, -0.2470703125, -0.27734375, 0.08642578125, -0.8046875, -0.53125, 1.578125, -0.004638671875, 0.8046875, -1.578125, 0.34375, -0.458984375, -0.41015625, -2.140625, -0.91796875, -1.671875, 0.40625, -0.546875, -0.54296875, -0.1025390625, -0.734375, -0.1015625, -0.58203125, 0.91015625, -0.10400390625, 0.173828125, 1.296875, -0.796875, -0.1669921875, 0.6796875, -0.984375, 0.455078125, -0.5234375, -1.3828125, 0.232421875, 1.1875, 0.7578125, 1.171875, -0.94140625, -0.71484375, -0.1484375, -0.06103515625, -0.90234375, -0.244140625, 1.2421875, -1.5625, 0.0024871826171875, 1.0703125, -0.60546875, 0.056640625, 1.359375, -0.51953125, 0.06396484375, -1.3828125, 0.1640625, -0.08740234375, -0.546875, 0.365234375, 1.8828125, -0.0283203125, 1.4921875, 1.6640625, 0.1953125, 0.5546875, -0.4921875, 0.984375, 0.5234375, -0.7265625, 0.08935546875, 0.0076904296875, 1.2109375, -0.455078125, 0.40625, 1.8203125, -0.5703125, 0.34375, 0.049072265625, 0.70703125, -0.2373046875, -0.326171875, -0.3046875, -0.52734375, 1.1171875, -1.0703125, -2.0625, 1.359375, -0.3984375, 1.875, -0.78125, 0.62890625, -0.56640625, 0.1416015625, -1.578125, -1.9453125, 0.0289306640625, -1.2109375, -1.7578125, -0.248046875, 0.2060546875, 0.671875, -0.8828125, -0.80859375, 0.453125, -1.046875, -0.81640625, 0.37890625, 2.1875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1529637005
Deoxypyrimidine nucleoside metabolism in varicella-zoster virus-infected cells
Noninfected and varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-infected human foreskin fibroblasts were examined for thymidine kinase activity. The specific activity of VZV-infected cell extracts was approximately 7.5-fold greater than that of mock-infected cells and 3-fold greater than that of actively growing cells. The pH optimum of VZV-infected cell thymidine kinase activity was found to be 8.0, whereas thymidine kinase activity in noninfected cells exhibited a sharp pH optimum at 7.4. Electrophoretic analysis of cellular enzymes involved in pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylation revealed at least three enzymes distinguishable by electrophoretic mobility and substrates used. These enzymes were presumed to be thymidine kinase, deoxycytidine kinase, and uridine kinase. The relative mobilities of these enzymes on 5% polyacrylamide gels were 0.18, 0.91, and 0.54, respectively. In VZV-infected cells, a single band of activity catalyzing the phosphorylation of thymidine, deoxyuridine, deoxycytidine, and cytidine was observed with a relative mobility of 0.48. Cellular pyrimidine-phosphorylating enzymes were not detected in VZV-infected cells. The molecular weight of the VZV-induced enzyme was determined to be 72,000 +/- 7%.
[ -0.87890625, 0.44140625, 1.1171875, -0.62890625, 0.11376953125, -0.89453125, -0.1787109375, 0.98828125, -0.412109375, -0.80859375, -0.50390625, 0.1728515625, 0.76171875, -0.6640625, 0.3359375, -0.15625, -0.267578125, -0.71875, -1.1328125, -0.88671875, -0.9375, -0.1640625, -1.8203125, 0.734375, 0.1806640625, 1.078125, 0.51953125, -1.3671875, 0.8359375, 0.609375, 0.83984375, 2.046875, -1.2421875, -1.3671875, 0.369140625, -0.197265625, 0.298828125, 0.56640625, -0.203125, 0.63671875, -0.67578125, -1.5859375, 0.84375, -0.2373046875, 0.345703125, 0.45703125, -1.1484375, -0.66015625, -0.3359375, -1.3359375, 0.63671875, 0.451171875, 0.91796875, 0.04052734375, -0.435546875, 0.10107421875, -1.1796875, -0.1826171875, 0.494140625, -1.421875, 0.1328125, -0.93359375, 0.01263427734375, -0.125, 0.3828125, 0.11572265625, 0.26171875, 0.462890625, -0.39453125, -1.1015625, 1.0625, -0.1904296875, -0.08056640625, -0.40234375, 0.05615234375, 0.1640625, -1.015625, -0.404296875, 0.484375, 1.3046875, -1.21875, -2.078125, 0.7109375, 0.7578125, -0.10595703125, 0.81640625, 0.5703125, 1.578125, 0.55859375, 0.9296875, -0.63671875, 1.4921875, -0.038818359375, -1.4921875, 0.56640625, 1.078125, 0.32421875, -0.734375, -0.040283203125, 0.8984375, -1.2578125, 1.6796875, -0.043701171875, -0.7265625, 0.427734375, 0.50390625, 0.349609375, -0.83203125, 0.25, 0.2890625, -0.5859375, -0.431640625, -0.69921875, 1.3984375, 1.2265625, -0.061279296875, -0.60546875, 0.84375, 1.3125, -0.0250244140625, -0.94140625, -1.328125, 0.7265625, -1.34375, 1.3984375, 0.64453125, -1.1171875, 0.388671875, 0.4453125, -2.1875, 0.28515625, 0.96484375, 0.75, -0.08544921875, 1.5390625, 0.40625, 0.64453125, 1.6796875, 0.0291748046875, 0.0576171875, -0.11181640625, 1.40625, -0.158203125, -0.5625, 0.60546875, 0.9140625, -0.37109375, -0.062255859375, -0.58984375, -0.306640625, -0.228515625, -0.51171875, 0.126953125, 1.5078125, 0.1376953125, -0.2294921875, -0.91796875, 1.609375, 0.158203125, -0.7109375, 0.73046875, -1.6796875, 0.15234375, 0.326171875, 0.1044921875, -0.55078125, -0.55859375, 0.48046875, 0.2333984375, -0.287109375, -0.609375, -0.390625, 0.421875, -0.15234375, 1.1953125, -0.005462646484375, -1.5703125, 0.54296875, 0.1474609375, -0.37890625, -0.5078125, 2.296875, -0.134765625, -0.1923828125, 0.73046875, 0.55078125, -1.5, -0.21484375, -0.67578125, 0.275390625, -0.37109375, -0.47265625, -1.203125, 0.376953125, -0.796875, 0.0035247802734375, 1.0546875, 0.119140625, -1.4921875, -0.63671875, -0.76171875, -0.1796875, 1.5625, -0.8515625, 0.1884765625, -0.0986328125, 1, 0.76171875, 0.94140625, 0.35546875, 0.2021484375, -1.6796875, -0.26953125, 0.68359375, -0.1484375, -0.3515625, -0.3515625, 1.140625, 0.20703125, -0.19921875, 0.5625, -0.1962890625, 0.06689453125, -0.2216796875, 0.8203125, -1.6796875, 1.1171875, 1.21875, -1.4296875, 2.125, 0.94921875, -1.0625, 0.6015625, -0.486328125, -0.05078125, 0.44921875, 1.078125, 0.8359375, 0.7734375, 0.054931640625, 0.232421875, -0.421875, 0.24609375, 1.515625, -0.431640625, 0.251953125, 1.3359375, -0.123046875, 0.154296875, 1.0390625, 1.2734375, 0.478515625, -0.9609375, -0.515625, -0.65625, -0.875, -0.8046875, -0.11279296875, 0.86328125, 0.61328125, 0.07861328125, 0.62109375, 0.59765625, -0.8828125, 0.09521484375, -0.63671875, 0.095703125, -1.09375, -0.83984375, -1.109375, -0.74609375, 0.2578125, 0.443359375, 0.034912109375, 1.1484375, 0.6171875, -0.74609375, -1.0546875, -0.0250244140625, -0.95703125, -1.5078125, 0.73046875, -1.1484375, -0.2255859375, 0.38671875, -0.890625, -0.72265625, 1.015625, -0.734375, -0.37109375, -0.83984375, -0.212890625, -1.140625, 0.146484375, -0.53125, -0.7734375, 0.2275390625, 2.046875, 0.6953125, 1, 0.298828125, 1.7734375, -1.390625, 0.09326171875, 0.5546875, -1.9140625, 0.4375, 0.158203125, 1.6015625, -0.251953125, 0.90625, -0.11962890625, -1.3125, 1.140625, 0.78515625, 0.1826171875, 0.5078125, -1.2109375, 0.55078125, -1.2265625, 0.85546875, -0.87890625, -0.6015625, 1.6484375, -1.2109375, -0.83984375, 0.1328125, 0.78125, 0.314453125, 0.984375, -0.1708984375, -1.375, 1.1484375, 0.2470703125, 0.0167236328125, 0.8046875, -1.3515625, -1.2265625, 1.0078125, -0.703125, 0.439453125, -1.078125, -1.7109375, -0.1884765625, 0.79296875, 0.609375, -1.046875, -1.140625, -0.3515625, -1.1171875, 1.71875, 0.796875, 0.8515625, -0.75390625, 0.0272216796875, -0.474609375, 0.51953125, 0.83203125, -0.546875, 0.5, -0.263671875, -1.890625, 0.06689453125, 1.3984375, -0.349609375, -0.035888671875, 0.1025390625, -0.74609375, 0.33203125, 0.0233154296875, 0.08251953125, -0.8515625, -0.255859375, 0.80859375, 0.359375, 1.3828125, -0.357421875, -1.421875, -1.53125, 1.8828125, -1.546875, -0.326171875, -0.357421875, 0.87890625, 0.58203125, 1.1171875, -0.283203125, 0.236328125, 0.8515625, 0.5234375, 0.1484375, -0.16015625, -1.7890625, -0.7890625, -0.00469970703125, 0.9296875, 0.859375, 0.1640625, -0.05712890625, -0.6796875, 0.9609375, -0.14453125, 0.90625, -0.2578125, -0.94921875, 0.32421875, -0.9375, 0.18359375, 0.2138671875, 0.046875, 0.33203125, 1.59375, -0.8125, 0.5078125, 0.037841796875, 0.2265625, 0.33203125, -0.89453125, -0.35546875, 0.99609375, 1.5078125, -1.5234375, 0.138671875, -0.45703125, -0.26171875, -0.08447265625, -1.140625, 1.0234375, -0.203125, -0.265625, 0.435546875, -0.5625, 0.58203125, -1.2890625, -0.6875, -0.578125, -0.6328125, 0.00002574920654296875, -1.546875, 0.8828125, -0.6640625, -0.28125, -0.88671875, -0.7890625, 0.84765625, 1.15625, -0.00494384765625, 0.71484375, -0.016845703125, 1.4765625, 0.275390625, -1.0078125, -1.265625, -0.017333984375, 1.078125, 0.625, -0.0458984375, 0.1767578125, 0.2470703125, -0.376953125, -0.466796875, 0.1796875, -0.59765625, -0.134765625, 0.353515625, -0.78125, -0.79296875, 0.66015625, 0.146484375, 0.2734375, 0.62890625, 1.3984375, -0.04833984375, -0.56640625, -0.474609375, 0.1259765625, 0.490234375, 0.625, 1.359375, -0.07080078125, 1.671875, 0.271484375, -0.26171875, -0.251953125, 1.2578125, 0.65234375, -1.7578125, 0.0008087158203125, 0.2119140625, 0.0240478515625, -0.4453125, -0.373046875, 0.66796875, 0.08251953125, -0.1533203125, 0.546875, -2.109375, 0.62890625, -0.126953125, 1.171875, -0.77734375, -1.5234375, -1.28125, 0.439453125, 0.72265625, 0.16796875, -0.2314453125, 0.392578125, -1.5703125, 0.5078125, 0.265625, 1.7265625, -0.322265625, -0.31640625, -0.890625, 0.50390625, 1.265625, 1.4375, 0.4453125, -0.6953125, 0.67578125, -0.91015625, -0.2060546875, 0.388671875, 0.7421875, 0.30859375, 0.46484375, 1.0859375, 0.37890625, 0.1171875, -0.50390625, 0.53515625, 0.81640625, 0.08056640625, -0.76171875, 0.50390625, -0.5703125, 1.3984375, 0.1943359375, -1.53125, -0.451171875, -0.1259765625, -0.9296875, 0.40234375, 0.62109375, -0.05224609375, -0.58984375, 1.2734375, -0.0673828125, 0.97265625, -1.9375, 1.5625, -0.94140625, -0.55859375, -1.53125, 0.431640625, 0.10009765625, -0.7578125, 0.703125, -1.0390625, -0.9921875, -0.78125, 0.048828125, 1.28125, -1, 0.6484375, -1.3046875, 1.3984375, 0.1494140625, 0.302734375, -0.353515625, -0.6484375, 0.259765625, 0.91015625, 0.734375, 0.453125, -1.8984375, -0.98046875, -0.79296875, -0.455078125, 0.310546875, 0.34375, 0.1982421875, 0.9609375, -0.1328125, -0.451171875, 0.9765625, 0.8046875, 0.68359375, -1.109375, -0.9296875, 1.0625, 1.09375, -0.03515625, 0.439453125, 0.7265625, -0.3359375, 1.4296875, -0.28515625, -1.09375, -1.484375, 0.36328125, -0.111328125, 0.01409912109375, 0.28515625, 0.0927734375, 0.263671875, -0.1162109375, -0.376953125, 0.0140380859375, 0.45703125, 0.08544921875, -0.416015625, 0.53515625, -0.028076171875, 0.390625, 1.1953125, -1.25, 1.1953125, 0.38671875, -0.416015625, -0.390625, 0.1708984375, 0.9765625, -0.5546875, -0.8359375, -0.11572265625, 0.26171875, 0.9453125, -1.140625, -1.078125, 0.984375, 0.3515625, -1.921875, -0.453125, -0.1376953125, -0.2451171875, 1.3984375, 0.89453125, 0.259765625, 1.671875, 0.1923828125, 1.0859375, 0.28125, 0.46484375, -0.029296875, -0.9296875, -0.91796875, 0.2158203125, 0.66796875, 0.408203125, 0.314453125, -0.0888671875, 1.765625, -0.078125, 1.40625, -1.6484375, 0.7578125, -0.396484375, -1.25, -0.201171875, 0.8046875, -1.09375, -1.40625, -0.369140625, 0.08154296875, -0.5390625, -0.14453125, -0.7109375, -0.29296875, -0.5625, 0.83203125, -0.333984375, 0.54296875, 0.349609375, 1.015625, 1.1328125, 0.384765625, -0.046630859375, -0.796875, -0.447265625, -0.609375, 0.77734375, 0.08642578125, -0.431640625, -0.15234375, -1.4375, -0.33984375, 0.98828125, 0.671875, -0.376953125, 1.1875, 0.64453125, 1.28125, -0.43359375, -0.6328125, -0.18359375, -0.416015625, 0.10498046875, -0.357421875, 1.625, -0.87109375, 0.4296875, 0.427734375, 0.2470703125, -0.9609375, 1.390625, 0.04638671875, 0.40234375, 1.6875, 0.94921875, -1.765625, -1.8125, -0.478515625, 1.109375, 0.62890625, -0.12255859375, -0.181640625, 0.19921875, -0.48828125, 0.8671875, 0.011474609375, -1.3359375, -0.189453125, -1.1875, -0.671875, 0.59375, 0.181640625, -0.98046875, -0.12451171875, -0.048095703125, -0.86328125, 1.109375, -0.78515625, 0.67578125, 0.34375, 0.46484375, 0.63671875, -0.026123046875, 1.0703125, 0.189453125, 0.052978515625, 0.78125, 0.46875, 0.00909423828125, 0.474609375, -0.08056640625, -0.5625, 0.8046875, -1.8984375, 1.59375, 1.6328125, -0.59375, 1.6875, 0.80078125, -1.6015625, -0.06884765625, -1.1484375, -0.298828125, -1.2890625, 0.515625, -0.30078125, 0.061279296875, -0.396484375, 1.71875, 0.1171875, 0.7734375, -0.703125, 0.27734375, 1.1484375, -0.96875, -0.91796875, -0.419921875, 1.9921875, 0.291015625, 0.40625, -0.609375, -2.203125, -0.384765625, 0.8671875, 0.193359375, -1.09375, -0.376953125, -0.023193359375, -0.390625, -0.71484375, 0.20703125, -1.7109375, -0.57421875, -0.087890625, -1.046875, -0.08154296875, -0.3125, -0.00323486328125, 0.06201171875, 0.73828125, -0.283203125, 0.84765625, 0.1669921875, -1.09375, 0.279296875, 0.486328125, 0.205078125, -1.6875, -0.2109375, 0.921875, -1.1796875, -0.6796875, -0.65234375, 0.23046875, 1.0234375, -1.140625, 1.3203125, -0.66015625, -1.8125, -0.29296875, -0.75390625, -0.384765625, 0.76171875, 0.056640625, -0.73046875, -0.0673828125, 0.51171875, -0.34765625, 0.78125, -0.2265625, 0.216796875, -0.81640625, -1.8203125, -0.29296875, -0.640625, -0.6953125, -1.2109375, 0.1455078125, -0.0311279296875, -0.65625, 1.09375, -0.66015625, 0.8203125, 0.1943359375, -0.380859375, 0.51171875, 2.5, 0.59765625, -1.2890625, -0.01953125, -0.1611328125, 0.0498046875, -0.318359375, -0.458984375, 1.78125, 0.84375, -0.52734375, -0.3515625, 0.474609375, -0.244140625, -1.1015625, 0.1884765625, 1.1171875, -0.11328125, 1.0234375, 1.2109375, 1.75, 2.140625, -0.921875, -0.0771484375, -1.1015625, -0.435546875, 0.78125, -0.1171875, -0.4140625, -0.6171875, 0.17578125, 0.9296875, -0.024658203125, -0.68359375, -1.2890625, -0.451171875, -0.83203125, 1.625, -0.515625, 0.1494140625, -2.03125, 1.6484375, 0.82421875, -0.259765625, -0.416015625, -0.142578125, -0.640625, 0.310546875, 0.2001953125, -1.1171875, -0.263671875, -0.80859375, -0.09423828125, 0.8984375, 1.03125, -0.20703125, -0.40625, 0.625, -1.09375, -0.08935546875, 0.2373046875, 0.83203125, -0.921875, 0.404296875, 0.2255859375, -0.2392578125, 1.4921875, 0.8828125, -1.1953125, 1.453125, 1.078125, -0.2021484375, 0.259765625, -1.5703125, -0.28515625, -0.2734375, 1.2109375, 0.1103515625, -0.68359375, -0.9140625, -0.265625, 0.263671875, -0.26953125, 1.4140625, -1.5859375, 1.2578125, 1.5625, 0.1416015625, -1.3203125, -0.310546875, -0.14453125, -1.25, -0.349609375, -1.1171875, -0.201171875, -0.55078125, 0.9453125, 0.447265625, 0.90234375, -0.91796875, 0.94140625, 0.73828125, 0.5859375, 0.42578125, -2.0625, -0.134765625, -2.109375, -0.48828125, -1.0078125, 0.091796875, 0.95703125, -0.435546875, -0.255859375, 0.224609375, 1.921875, 0.28125, -0.53515625, -0.18359375, -1.0078125, 0.3046875, -2.0625, 0.5234375, -0.06640625, -1.28125, -1.28125, 0.2578125, 0.458984375, 1.1640625, 0.064453125, 1.546875, -0.69921875, -0.44921875, 0.48828125, 0.71875, 0.400390625, 0.32421875, 0.46484375, -0.458984375, -0.2021484375, 0.76953125, 0.23046875, 0.3515625, 1.125, 0.8125, 0.224609375, -0.0184326171875, -0.2314453125, -0.77734375, 0.1787109375, -2.03125, 0.6640625, -0.2734375, 0.5859375, -1.0859375, -0.796875, 0.25, 0.1220703125, 0.1484375, 0.271484375, -0.91796875, 1.7109375, 0.7421875, 2.25, -0.2216796875, 0.0830078125, -0.294921875, -0.609375, -0.55859375, -1.8828125, -0.1533203125, 0.451171875, -1.7109375, 0.7109375, -0.022216796875, -0.166015625, 0.337890625, -0.51171875, 0.63671875, -0.72265625, -1.5546875, 0.52734375, 0.625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1529660315
Non-Isomorphic Graphs with Cospectral Symmetric Powers
The symmetric $m$-th power of a graph is the graph whose vertices are $m$-subsets of vertices and in which two $m$-subsets are adjacent if and only if their symmetric difference is an edge of the original graph. It was conjectured that there exists a fixed $m$ such that any two graphs are isomorphic if and only if their $m$-th symmetric powers are cospectral. In this paper we show that given a positive integer $m$ there exist infinitely many pairs of non-isomorphic graphs with cospectral $m$-th symmetric powers. Our construction is based on theory of multidimensional extensions of coherent configurations.
[ 0.73046875, 1.453125, 2.75, 0.1123046875, 0.85546875, -0.77734375, -0.89453125, 2.453125, 1.09375, -1.2421875, -0.08935546875, 1.3203125, 0.78125, -1.125, 1.6328125, -1.4140625, -0.453125, -1.25, -1.1875, 0.10205078125, -0.1376953125, 0.3046875, -1.9609375, -1.2265625, 0.380859375, 1.6015625, -1.578125, -1.734375, 0.9375, 2.0625, 0.2421875, 0.353515625, -0.69140625, -0.84765625, -0.80078125, -0.09814453125, -0.59765625, 1.6796875, 0.310546875, 0.9765625, -0.609375, -1.0234375, 0.91796875, 0.6875, -0.88671875, 0.3515625, 0.9375, 0.447265625, -0.2412109375, 0.07177734375, -1.4296875, -0.275390625, 0.376953125, -0.25390625, -1.4609375, 1.0625, -1.1015625, -0.2421875, 1.9296875, 1.0546875, -1.1328125, -1.7734375, 0.828125, 0.294921875, -1.140625, -0.0167236328125, -0.005706787109375, 0.326171875, -0.640625, 0.443359375, 1.75, 0.78515625, 0.8671875, 0.55859375, 0.55078125, -1.40625, -1.2890625, -0.322265625, 0.154296875, 0.072265625, -0.9765625, -1.0078125, 0.0556640625, 0.625, -0.94140625, 2.375, -0.306640625, 1.96875, -0.62109375, -0.58984375, 1.21875, -0.57421875, 0.087890625, -0.396484375, -0.0057373046875, -1.25, 0.296875, 0.77734375, -0.5625, 0.625, -1.2890625, -0.3203125, -0.01141357421875, -1.765625, 0.54296875, 1.40625, -0.1904296875, -2.03125, -0.2431640625, -0.69140625, -0.1025390625, 0.51953125, 0.69140625, 1.625, -0.5625, 0.60546875, 1.140625, 2.125, 1.8671875, 0.07080078125, -0.00958251953125, -2.125, -1.2890625, 0.73046875, 1.71875, -0.298828125, -2.390625, 0.9140625, 0.60546875, 0.2099609375, 1.1875, 0.061767578125, -0.1083984375, 0.62109375, 0.00860595703125, -0.01171875, -1.8671875, 1.7734375, 1.453125, 0.765625, -0.162109375, 0.78125, -0.341796875, 0.048828125, -2.234375, 0.93359375, 1.3203125, -0.49609375, 1.9453125, 0.40234375, -1.390625, 0.3359375, -0.373046875, 0.25390625, 0.435546875, -0.6875, -1.3828125, 1.53125, 0.796875, -0.482421875, 0.4765625, -1.4296875, 2.0625, -1.4921875, 0.6171875, -0.71875, 0.12255859375, 1.46875, -0.1865234375, -1.25, 1.2890625, 0.296875, -0.37890625, 0.2578125, 2.359375, -0.5078125, -0.9375, 0.94921875, -0.6484375, -1.46875, 0.41796875, -0.259765625, 1.1328125, -0.95703125, 0.7421875, 1.84375, -1.7109375, 1.4609375, -2.265625, 0.408203125, 0.337890625, -1.2109375, -1.203125, 1.4296875, 0.68359375, 1.984375, -1.4921875, 1.296875, 0.353515625, -1.5390625, -1.8359375, -0.1435546875, 0.55078125, -1.6796875, -1.265625, 0.1220703125, 0.058349609375, 2.46875, 0.61328125, 0.73828125, 1.140625, -1.6484375, -0.96484375, -0.65625, -0.44140625, -0.9453125, -1.6640625, 1.3203125, -0.3203125, -2.359375, 1.671875, 1.2890625, 0.4921875, -0.1982421875, 1.6953125, 0.94140625, -1.25, 1.9140625, -0.96875, -0.2734375, 0.45703125, -1.8359375, 0.330078125, -1.5625, -0.4296875, 0.73046875, -0.419921875, 1.09375, 2.5, 0.91796875, 1.2109375, -0.03125, 0.431640625, 1.6875, 1.1484375, 1.7109375, 1.484375, -1.734375, 0.79296875, 1.1796875, 1.984375, -1.21875, 0.0791015625, -0.11962890625, -0.439453125, -0.5390625, 0.1318359375, 0.76953125, 0.07080078125, -0.92578125, -0.12158203125, 1.125, 0.185546875, -0.328125, -0.1796875, -1.734375, -0.369140625, -0.3984375, -0.22265625, -0.439453125, -0.78125, -1.2890625, -0.33984375, -0.1845703125, -0.1376953125, 0.431640625, 0.55078125, -0.83984375, -0.326171875, 1.4609375, -0.72265625, -0.7421875, 1.6640625, -0.498046875, -1.7578125, 2.65625, 0.74609375, 1.1875, -0.423828125, -1.46875, 1.8046875, -1.15625, -1.65625, -0.5078125, -0.5546875, -0.6328125, -0.7421875, 3.40625, -0.3828125, -0.23828125, -0.09765625, 0.765625, -1.75, -0.150390625, 0.2451171875, -0.78515625, -2.546875, -1.1171875, 0.283203125, 0.97265625, -1.1015625, 0.62109375, -2.28125, 0.408203125, 2.25, 1.671875, 0.06396484375, -1.7578125, 1.4921875, -0.76171875, 1.6328125, -0.65625, -1.546875, 0.80859375, -0.6328125, -0.6015625, 0.875, -0.271484375, -1.640625, -0.890625, -0.69140625, 0.9375, 0.6796875, -0.48828125, 0.326171875, 1.7421875, 0.15234375, 0.61328125, -0.40625, -0.318359375, 0.1220703125, -1.8203125, -0.359375, -1.359375, -0.27734375, 0.703125, 0.34765625, -0.65234375, -0.64453125, -2.09375, 0.52734375, -0.068359375, 2.3125, 1.28125, 1.0546875, 0.484375, 0.7578125, -1.109375, -1.59375, -0.357421875, 0.310546875, 0.7578125, -1.546875, -0.14453125, 0.07177734375, 0.06298828125, -0.333984375, 0.034912109375, -1.390625, -1.296875, 0.9453125, -0.8515625, -0.91796875, 0.765625, 0.10595703125, 2.90625, -2.375, -0.64453125, -0.01025390625, -0.25390625, -1.6484375, 0.2734375, 0.59375, 0.26953125, 1.140625, -0.10107421875, -0.125, -0.51171875, -1.3125, 1.5, -1.1171875, -0.7734375, -2.140625, -0.162109375, 0.6640625, -0.052978515625, 0.1962890625, 0.244140625, -1.21875, -1.5703125, -0.01312255859375, -0.45703125, 1.171875, -0.78515625, -0.70703125, 0.44140625, -0.61328125, -0.2080078125, -0.734375, -0.38671875, -1.0703125, -0.91796875, -0.08837890625, -1.7109375, 0.59375, -0.41015625, 0.150390625, 0.94140625, 1.3046875, -1.296875, 0.486328125, 0.52734375, 0.451171875, -0.41015625, -0.23046875, 1.4921875, 2.015625, 0.54296875, 0.322265625, -1.5078125, 0.0908203125, 1.328125, -0.076171875, 0.259765625, -0.042724609375, -0.53125, 0.2138671875, 0.87890625, -1.34375, -1, 0.259765625, -0.283203125, -0.94921875, -2.0625, 1.953125, -0.365234375, -0.61328125, -0.46484375, 1.125, -0.27734375, -0.458984375, -0.72265625, -1.3203125, -1.328125, 0.2353515625, 1.09375, 0.06201171875, 0.89453125, -1.703125, -0.021240234375, -0.91796875, 0.2294921875, -0.8359375, 0.09814453125, 0.86328125, -0.2578125, -0.16015625, 1.2734375, 0.7109375, 0.478515625, 1.359375, 1.203125, -2.5625, 0.9921875, -1.6328125, -0.04296875, 1.40625, 0.8984375, 1.1484375, 1.5859375, 0.51171875, 0.7421875, -1.9609375, 2.375, -0.65234375, -1.5546875, 0.39453125, -0.859375, 0.77734375, 0.1611328125, -0.78515625, 0.369140625, 0.11669921875, -0.6640625, -0.458984375, -0.310546875, 0.953125, 1.546875, -0.5625, -0.734375, -1.6015625, 0.185546875, -1.8828125, 2.015625, -0.84375, 0.5234375, 0.09033203125, -0.5078125, -0.53515625, 2.109375, 1.296875, 1.6328125, -0.75390625, -1.8671875, 0.546875, 0.2255859375, 2.140625, 0.7265625, 0.068359375, -1.4296875, 0.2392578125, 0.64453125, -0.2890625, 0.03125, -0.302734375, -0.08447265625, 0.2294921875, 1.609375, -0.43359375, -1.2734375, 0.78515625, -1.9921875, -0.66796875, 0.30078125, -0.34375, -0.53515625, -0.74609375, -0.4921875, 2.421875, -1.0546875, -0.640625, -0.07177734375, -1.4453125, -1.3515625, 0.193359375, -1.2265625, -0.28125, 2.359375, -1.765625, 0.1474609375, -1.03125, 1.3828125, -1.78125, -0.85546875, -1.1640625, 0.71875, -0.11962890625, -0.34375, 0.6171875, -0.94921875, 0.58984375, -1.375, -0.40625, 3.5625, -0.0205078125, 0.1943359375, -0.2060546875, -1.703125, 1.0703125, -1.1640625, 0.1142578125, -0.19140625, -0.32421875, 0.23828125, 2.0625, -1.65625, -0.033447265625, 0.244140625, -0.63671875, 0.3125, 0.92578125, 1.2109375, 1.6171875, 0.57421875, -0.31640625, 0.271484375, -0.19140625, 1.5625, 0.06982421875, -0.412109375, -0.0185546875, -0.50390625, 0.80859375, 0.162109375, 0.77734375, 1.875, 1.4140625, 0.3203125, 1.7734375, -0.279296875, 0.2294921875, 0.6171875, -0.96484375, -0.5078125, 1.1171875, -0.58203125, 1.1875, -1.828125, -1.515625, -0.47265625, -1.1484375, 0.89453125, -0.26953125, -0.6171875, -0.75, -0.337890625, 0.439453125, 0.349609375, 0.2001953125, -0.2099609375, 0.8125, -0.10400390625, 1.8359375, 2.6875, -0.53515625, -0.703125, -1.0625, -1.203125, -0.7109375, 0.7734375, 0.625, 1.65625, 0.033203125, -0.205078125, 0.65625, 0.07470703125, -1.8203125, 0.7421875, 0.197265625, 1.6796875, -0.8515625, 0.333984375, 0.0693359375, -0.25, 0.85546875, 0.90625, -1.421875, 0.220703125, -0.7734375, 2.109375, -2.21875, 1.234375, 0.1552734375, -0.032958984375, 0.0027618408203125, 0.11279296875, -2.265625, 0.3671875, -0.330078125, -0.322265625, -0.5078125, -1.0390625, -1.2421875, -1.1875, -0.6640625, 1.15625, -0.71875, -0.9296875, 0.64453125, -1.90625, -1.7578125, 0.11572265625, 0.296875, 0.27734375, -1.171875, -0.17578125, 0.08544921875, 2.25, -1.796875, 1.125, -0.291015625, -0.333984375, -1.21875, -0.197265625, 0.5546875, -1.640625, -0.69921875, -0.25390625, -0.26953125, 1.578125, 0.39453125, 0.396484375, 0.41015625, 0.94921875, 0.921875, 0.037109375, 0.69140625, -0.5625, -0.3515625, -0.6953125, 0.447265625, 0.703125, -0.51171875, 0.66796875, 0.90234375, 0.271484375, 0.2177734375, 0.84375, -0.625, 0.86328125, -0.01220703125, -0.5703125, -0.8984375, 1.0546875, 1.6796875, 0.326171875, -0.13671875, 0.004364013671875, -1.6484375, 0.75390625, -0.2578125, -0.12109375, -1.6796875, -0.55859375, -0.87109375, -1.65625, 0.03271484375, -0.5859375, -0.91015625, 0.0296630859375, 1.3203125, -0.2734375, 0.484375, 0.1640625, -0.1552734375, 0.34765625, 0.09423828125, 0.61328125, 1.4140625, -0.1923828125, -0.71875, 0.96875, 1.1328125, -0.66796875, -0.86328125, 0.000919342041015625, -0.04541015625, -1.34375, -0.40625, -2.15625, -0.03857421875, -0.1884765625, -0.5078125, 1.3046875, 0.34375, -0.00335693359375, -0.7578125, -1.03125, 0.28125, -1.1015625, 1.0546875, -1.546875, -0.314453125, 1.234375, 0.05126953125, 0.8125, 0.494140625, -1.609375, -0.45703125, 0.8046875, -1.4296875, -0.435546875, 1.4453125, 0.045654296875, -0.97265625, 1.390625, -0.74609375, -0.34375, 1.953125, -0.359375, -1.046875, 0.28515625, -0.7734375, 0.625, 0.255859375, 1.9921875, -0.154296875, 1.046875, -0.330078125, -1.546875, -0.75390625, -1.9921875, -0.72265625, -1.109375, -0.87890625, 0.6796875, 1.8515625, -0.8828125, 1.8125, 0.2578125, 1.4140625, 1.109375, -0.10400390625, -0.9765625, -1.1015625, -0.169921875, -0.087890625, -0.65625, -0.283203125, 1.0859375, -0.1953125, -1.0703125, 1.359375, 0.94140625, 0.74609375, -0.302734375, 0.220703125, 1.5390625, 0.302734375, 0.91015625, -1.4296875, -1.4921875, -0.55859375, 2.515625, 1.1875, 0.2412109375, -0.10546875, -1.2734375, -1.6953125, 1.5, -1.4609375, -0.875, -2.6875, -1.84375, 0.05224609375, -0.2890625, -0.107421875, 1.8828125, -1.4765625, 1.7578125, 0.244140625, -0.314453125, 1.5703125, -0.7265625, -0.53515625, -1.671875, 0.3984375, -0.7265625, -1.078125, -1.375, 0.2119140625, 0.78515625, 1.03125, -1.578125, -0.7109375, -0.8984375, 0.5390625, 0.3125, 2.28125, -0.5, 0.546875, 0.8515625, -0.55078125, 1.609375, -0.388671875, -0.390625, 0.458984375, -1.171875, 1.6875, 2.484375, -1.1796875, -0.81640625, 0.451171875, 2.21875, 0.671875, -0.69921875, -0.1806640625, -1.46875, 0.30859375, 1.640625, 0.1318359375, -1.5, 0.369140625, -1.859375, -0.400390625, -1.109375, 0.94140625, -0.25390625, -2.03125, 1.5703125, 1.8515625, -1.859375, 0.42578125, -0.1630859375, 0.7734375, 1.4453125, -0.3359375, 1.375, -0.28515625, 0.1962890625, 0.478515625, -0.1591796875, 0.703125, 0.796875, 0.353515625, 0.466796875, -1.65625, -0.56640625, -0.9609375, 0.494140625, -0.71484375, 0.181640625, 0.353515625, 0.65234375, 0.79296875, -1.0625, -1.0703125, -2.78125, 1.4609375, -1.4453125, 1.265625, -0.6171875, -1.625, 0.7421875, -0.51171875, 1.8125, -1.3359375, -0.50390625, 0.07666015625, -0.15625, -1.5703125, -0.0174560546875, 1.296875, 0.3984375, -1.34375, -1.4140625, -1.2421875, 2.359375, 4.09375, -0.314453125, 1.2109375, 1.015625, 0.46875, 0.671875, -1.8984375, 0.77734375, -1.046875, -1.2890625, -0.3828125, -2.390625, -0.671875, 0.330078125, 1.46875, -0.80859375, 0.71484375, -0.369140625, -0.2392578125, 1.6015625, 0.67578125, 0.185546875, 0.87109375, 2.203125, -0.84375, 1.0859375, 0.89453125, 0.80859375, -1.3359375, 1.6171875, 1.6640625, -0.32421875, 0.431640625, -0.3125, -2.03125, 0.392578125, -0.00714111328125, 0.32421875, -1.0234375, 0.3125, -0.73828125, 0.349609375, 1.2578125, 0.734375, 0.259765625, -0.435546875, 0.80859375, 0.057861328125, 0.953125, -0.60546875, 0.42578125, 1.3671875, 0.99609375, -2.71875, -1.4296875, 1.65625, 0.458984375, 1.515625, -1.2265625, 0.027587890625, -0.640625, -1.9609375, 0.765625, -0.19921875, 1.0703125, -0.126953125, 1.3125, -1.4609375, 1.5546875, 0.1484375, 0.8046875, -1.1171875, -1.046875, 0.984375, 0.4921875, -0.1171875, -0.6484375, 0.171875, 0.6015625, 2.140625, -1.234375, 1.171875, -0.271484375, -0.91796875, -0.2490234375, 1.5546875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1529819809
ICEPT-an integrated cellular network planning tool
In this paper, we present ICEPT, a new mobile radio network planning tool that is based on an integrated design approach. The new approach starts with the analysis of the spatial distribution of the expected teletraffic within the service area of the cellular system. Employing this principle, the ICEPT tool considers concurrently the four major design areas of cellular networks: radio transmission, mobile subscriber, resource allocation, and system architecture. ICEPT uses these factors as input for the automatic network design algorithm ABPA which locates the base stations in the supplying area.
[ -0.11279296875, 1.1640625, 0.73046875, 0.9453125, -0.43359375, 0.404296875, -2.171875, 2.28125, 1.2421875, 0.78515625, 0.107421875, 2.828125, 0.1826171875, 0.08935546875, 2.140625, 0.76953125, -0.3984375, -0.921875, -0.625, -0.1767578125, -0.51171875, 1.1015625, -2.875, 1.5234375, 0.62890625, 0.53125, -0.255859375, -0.91796875, 0.3046875, 0.63671875, -0.392578125, 1.25, -1.1484375, 1.1640625, -0.5859375, -0.46484375, 2.03125, 2.0625, -1.3671875, -0.66015625, -0.61328125, -0.1337890625, 0.6171875, -1.0703125, -0.0084228515625, 1.171875, -1.6796875, -1.0390625, -0.193359375, -1.8828125, 0.1494140625, 0.287109375, 1.53125, -0.859375, -0.53125, 2.9375, -0.4375, 0.1962890625, 1.2578125, -0.220703125, -0.6328125, 1.03125, 0.3828125, 1.046875, -0.96484375, -0.9609375, -0.4375, 1.1015625, -0.11279296875, 0.275390625, 1.78125, 1.5078125, -0.8046875, 2.078125, 0.74609375, -0.91015625, -0.126953125, -0.40625, 1.5390625, 0.65234375, 1.421875, -3.140625, -0.68359375, -0.439453125, 0.80859375, 0.68359375, -0.734375, 2.84375, 0.98828125, 0.5, 0.1201171875, -0.29296875, -1.734375, 0.52734375, -0.26171875, 0.0498046875, 0.4765625, -1.2265625, -1.109375, 1.125, -0.53125, 0.263671875, -1.3515625, -0.359375, 0.83984375, -0.0380859375, -1.9375, 1.0078125, -0.63671875, -0.435546875, 0.40625, -1.2890625, -1.1171875, 0.73828125, 1.15625, -0.60546875, 1.328125, 1.375, -0.10986328125, -1.03125, -0.1826171875, -1.265625, 0.373046875, 0.99609375, 1.296875, -0.359375, -2.21875, 0.46875, 0.5234375, -0.51171875, 2.875, 0.86328125, 0.20703125, -0.92578125, 0.59765625, 0.11474609375, 0.431640625, 0.8984375, 1.53125, -0.25390625, -0.74609375, -0.07763671875, -1.4140625, -1.9609375, -2.484375, -0.84765625, 1.328125, -0.8359375, -1.1328125, 0.84765625, -0.734375, -0.1865234375, -2.125, 0.82421875, -0.408203125, 0.2158203125, -1.6953125, 2.875, -0.58984375, 0.71875, -0.2177734375, -0.90625, 0.75390625, -1.5078125, -0.076171875, -1.921875, -0.412109375, -0.11767578125, 1.4765625, 0.56640625, 0.46484375, -0.353515625, -0.79296875, 0.88671875, 0.91015625, -0.62890625, -1.609375, -0.099609375, 2.953125, 0.53515625, -0.484375, 1.0859375, 1.3203125, -0.76953125, 0.62890625, 1.5, -2.15625, 0.75, -2.109375, 2.265625, -0.181640625, -1.8203125, -1.0546875, 0.84765625, 0.6875, -0.220703125, 1.046875, 2.359375, -0.7890625, 0.01043701171875, -1.1640625, 0.38671875, 0.6953125, 0.1318359375, 0.98828125, 0.33203125, 1.0859375, 0.59375, 0.8046875, -0.6484375, 0.30859375, -0.796875, -0.6015625, -1.3359375, 0.8359375, -1.234375, -1.0625, 1.703125, -1.1953125, -0.78125, 1.96875, 0.390625, -0.5625, -1.125, -0.5546875, -2.265625, 0.0052490234375, -0.0712890625, -0.890625, 0.7421875, 0.1923828125, -1.328125, 0.16015625, -0.0673828125, -0.1943359375, 0.283203125, 1.4453125, 0.40625, 0.0123291015625, 0.03662109375, 0.55078125, -0.263671875, 0.8515625, 2.109375, -0.33984375, 0.03759765625, 0.13671875, -1.75, -0.396484375, -0.032958984375, 1.8046875, 0.016845703125, 0.875, 0.369140625, -0.1728515625, 1.3828125, 0.66015625, 0.6328125, 0.80078125, 0.52734375, -1.609375, 0.7265625, -0.703125, -1.2578125, -2.96875, -2.265625, -0.58203125, 0.41015625, -0.439453125, 0.9609375, -0.11328125, -1.265625, -0.953125, 0.45703125, 0.369140625, 1.421875, 0.640625, -0.1552734375, 0.275390625, -0.0145263671875, 0.404296875, -1.9140625, 1.21875, -0.8125, 1.1875, 1.3515625, -0.4765625, -0.490234375, 0.4765625, 0.2294921875, -0.259765625, -1.0078125, -0.60546875, -1.0625, -0.55078125, -0.59375, -0.32421875, 1.71875, 0.15625, 0.921875, 0.5390625, 1.9375, -0.470703125, 0.3359375, 1.4140625, -0.86328125, -1.0234375, -1.828125, 1.703125, 1.3203125, 0.80859375, 0.6875, 0.048583984375, 0.359375, -0.9296875, 0.40234375, -0.46875, -1.2109375, -0.47265625, -0.2119140625, 1.6015625, 1.0546875, -0.83203125, 2.421875, -1.578125, -1.5390625, -1.65625, -1.25, -0.375, 1.1171875, -0.62890625, -0.1328125, 0.8515625, 0.259765625, 1.6640625, 2.328125, 0.11669921875, 1.0078125, 1.1015625, -0.55859375, 1.6796875, -1.046875, -2.28125, -0.99609375, 2.046875, 0.337890625, -1.0859375, -0.5703125, 0.9375, -2.171875, 0.9609375, -0.462890625, 2.609375, -0.5859375, -0.68359375, -0.59375, 0.455078125, -4.125, -0.197265625, -0.7578125, 1.296875, -0.2265625, -0.33984375, 1.5, 0.0693359375, 1.3046875, -0.1669921875, -0.625, -0.57421875, 0.7890625, -0.037353515625, -0.73828125, 0.1318359375, 2.390625, 1.1328125, 1.59375, -2.171875, -1.9765625, 0.25390625, 2.296875, -1.078125, -0.34765625, -1.0234375, 1.2578125, 0.9296875, 2.203125, -0.0673828125, -0.2021484375, -0.2275390625, -1.2421875, -0.64453125, 0.5390625, -0.72265625, -0.30859375, 0.65234375, -0.859375, -0.5234375, -0.98828125, -0.36328125, 0.53125, -0.0164794921875, 0.2314453125, 0.53125, 0.55859375, -0.040283203125, -0.10205078125, -2.375, -1.0390625, -0.58203125, -0.208984375, -1.1875, -0.279296875, 0.005859375, 0.9140625, -1.3671875, -0.921875, 0.1494140625, 0.1806640625, -0.2255859375, -0.1767578125, 0.36328125, 0.09765625, 0.65625, 0.19921875, 0.84765625, 0.224609375, 0.640625, 1.1171875, -0.98046875, 0.0625, 0.0576171875, 1.4453125, -0.015869140625, 1.296875, -0.0042724609375, -0.86328125, 0.2734375, 0.310546875, -1.9609375, -0.248046875, -0.640625, -2.75, -0.337890625, -0.69140625, 2.75, 0.08935546875, 0.83984375, -1.140625, -0.62890625, 1.3671875, 1.15625, -1.1015625, -2.3125, -1.515625, 0.1689453125, 0.4765625, 0.7265625, 0.53515625, -0.9453125, 0.1142578125, 0.328125, -0.12890625, -0.36328125, 1.6171875, 0.32421875, -0.7578125, -2.25, -0.73046875, -0.34375, 1.8984375, 2.578125, 0.43359375, -1.8984375, -1.53125, 0.1201171875, -0.0908203125, -0.2099609375, -0.53125, 1.0859375, 1.8359375, 1.171875, -0.3203125, -1.671875, 0.33984375, 1.0625, -0.609375, 0.2431640625, 0.88671875, 0.5078125, 0.3828125, 0.82421875, 0.69921875, -1.8359375, -1.890625, 1.7265625, 1.03125, -0.068359375, 0.546875, 0.267578125, 0.91796875, -0.8203125, -0.57421875, -4.03125, 0.251953125, 1.125, -0.310546875, -0.38671875, -2.078125, -1.5625, -1.1484375, 1.7109375, 1.5625, -1.2109375, -1.03125, 0.8671875, 0.228515625, 2.234375, -1.65625, 0.68359375, -1.015625, 0.1787109375, -0.8203125, -0.1826171875, -1.1875, 0.353515625, 1.0078125, 2.8125, 0.703125, -1.34375, -2.46875, 0.404296875, -1.5, 0.62890625, 0.71875, -1.0234375, 0.55078125, 1.34375, 0.578125, 0.91015625, 0.96875, -0.024169921875, -0.21875, 0.38671875, 0.55078125, 0.24609375, -0.48828125, 0.49609375, -0.10546875, -1.84375, -1.0703125, -2.046875, 0.52734375, -1.2421875, -0.87109375, 0.04931640625, 1.515625, -0.42578125, 0.703125, 0.5859375, -1.203125, -0.53125, -1.8984375, 0.828125, 2.09375, -0.64453125, 0.197265625, 0.52734375, 1.015625, 1.5078125, -0.7734375, -1.3984375, -0.30078125, -0.126953125, -0.3515625, 3.015625, -0.2138671875, -0.6875, -0.61328125, -1.96875, -0.31640625, 0.51953125, 1.09375, -2.625, 2.28125, 1.3359375, 0.296875, 1.7421875, 0.453125, 1.03125, -0.12890625, -0.859375, -2.234375, 0.7734375, -0.625, 0.18359375, 0.2314453125, 1.296875, 1.84375, -0.546875, -0.12255859375, -0.1533203125, 0.05126953125, 1.078125, -0.26953125, 1, 0.498046875, -0.25390625, -1.453125, 0.396484375, 0.72265625, -0.4296875, 0.181640625, -1.75, -1.0390625, 0.6796875, 0.2099609375, 0.404296875, -1.046875, -0.30078125, 1.2265625, 0.431640625, -1.734375, -1.046875, 1.0390625, 1.3515625, -0.41015625, -0.83984375, -1.2109375, -1.0703125, 0.2109375, -1.6640625, -0.0145263671875, 0.8046875, -1.8515625, -0.98046875, -0.3359375, -1.2734375, 2.546875, 0.6875, -0.234375, 0.349609375, 1.546875, 0.38671875, -1.0234375, -0.25, 1.9296875, -2.3125, -0.28515625, -0.9375, 2.390625, -1.671875, 1.7734375, -1.65625, -0.734375, 1.1953125, -0.1396484375, -1.6328125, 0.8671875, -0.314453125, -0.255859375, 0.82421875, 0.95703125, -1.109375, -1.46875, 2.296875, 1, -2.1875, 0.56640625, -2.609375, 0.224609375, -1.5234375, -0.09130859375, -1.25, 1.0703125, -0.208984375, 0.5234375, -1.671875, 1.6640625, -0.44140625, 0.59765625, 0.40234375, -0.67578125, 0.034912109375, 0.023193359375, 1.234375, -1.65625, -0.047119140625, -2.203125, -0.115234375, -0.158203125, 1.1171875, 0.84765625, -0.0277099609375, 2.015625, 0.84375, 0.71484375, 1.046875, -0.034423828125, 0.0966796875, -0.6015625, 0.65234375, 0.765625, 0.796875, -0.87109375, 0.365234375, -0.70703125, -0.265625, 2.65625, -1.1640625, -1.125, -0.0159912109375, 1.4453125, -0.21484375, 0.9375, 2.046875, 0.470703125, 1.8828125, 0.57421875, -0.64453125, -1.0625, 0.7890625, 1.6875, 0.67578125, -0.9609375, 0.04833984375, 0.384765625, -0.470703125, -0.2421875, -1.484375, -0.97265625, 0.12158203125, -0.0252685546875, 1.3125, -0.6328125, 0.022216796875, 1.0390625, -0.06640625, 1.734375, 0.47265625, 0.1669921875, -0.314453125, 1.6484375, 0.09033203125, -0.82421875, 0.515625, -1.7265625, -0.380859375, -3.25, 0.2373046875, -2.875, -0.4296875, 0.0146484375, -0.2333984375, 2.125, 0.337890625, -0.5859375, 0.07177734375, -0.00933837890625, -2.015625, -1.875, 1.671875, -1.5234375, -0.859375, 0.01385498046875, 0.09033203125, 1.4140625, 1.3203125, -2.015625, -0.99609375, 0.78125, -0.162109375, -0.6171875, 1.265625, 0.7421875, 0.63671875, -0.0810546875, 0.18359375, 0.66015625, 1.1640625, 0.470703125, -0.5625, 0.87109375, -0.9296875, 0.546875, 0.0211181640625, -0.040771484375, 0.02880859375, 0.341796875, -0.07470703125, -0.0177001953125, -1.203125, 0.84375, -2.4375, -1.125, -0.400390625, -1.53125, 2.296875, 0.0206298828125, -0.1318359375, -0.1728515625, 1.2265625, -0.1123046875, 2, -0.65625, -0.6875, 0.7109375, -0.064453125, 1.203125, -0.138671875, 0.515625, 0.50390625, -0.74609375, 0.87890625, 0.625, 0.1796875, -1.3203125, 1.734375, -1.4140625, -0.12060546875, -0.09716796875, -1.671875, 0.7109375, 1.0234375, 0.90234375, 0.50390625, 0.61328125, 0.21484375, 0.326171875, -2.28125, 1.7421875, -2.984375, -1.546875, -0.21875, -0.7421875, 2.546875, 0.2041015625, 1.296875, -0.1845703125, 1.09375, 1.453125, -0.83203125, -0.197265625, 2.03125, 0.75390625, -1.3515625, -1.7109375, -0.7421875, -0.1591796875, -3.265625, 0.31640625, -0.326171875, -0.2421875, 1.3515625, -0.72265625, -0.68359375, -0.00113677978515625, -0.287109375, -1.625, 0.9296875, -1.1015625, 1.859375, 0.84765625, -0.0123291015625, 1.078125, -0.96484375, -0.515625, -0.8671875, -0.453125, 0.18359375, 0.328125, -0.44140625, 1.6484375, -0.84765625, 2.453125, 0.0810546875, 0.0888671875, -0.87109375, -2.875, -0.63671875, 1.8828125, -0.9609375, -1.953125, -3.09375, -1.265625, 0.12158203125, 0.5546875, 1.5078125, -0.1201171875, -1.421875, 0.134765625, 0.050537109375, -1.078125, -1.4921875, -2.34375, -1.46875, 1.2578125, -2.453125, 0.55859375, -0.279296875, 0.412109375, 1.3984375, -2.421875, 1.1015625, -0.3671875, -0.83984375, 0.44140625, -2.484375, 0.75, 1.8515625, 0.478515625, -1.6171875, -0.1650390625, 1.265625, 1.328125, 0.169921875, -0.9453125, -0.0849609375, -1.1953125, -1.1953125, 1.1484375, 0.72265625, -0.396484375, -1.921875, 0.70703125, -0.82421875, 0.69140625, -0.94921875, 1.4140625, 0.4609375, -2.1875, -0.890625, -0.01336669921875, -1.0625, -0.94921875, -1.4296875, -0.54296875, -0.76953125, 1.546875, 0.8671875, -0.484375, 0.56640625, 0.30078125, -0.4921875, -0.427734375, -1.546875, 1.9921875, 2.4375, -0.890625, -1.0078125, 0.72265625, -1.546875, 0.5546875, -0.177734375, -0.9609375, 0.8984375, 0.1845703125, -0.5859375, 1.6484375, 2.296875, -0.365234375, 0.6796875, 2.703125, -2.625, 0.1484375, 1.203125, 0.62890625, -0.30078125, 1.53125, -0.5625, 0.65234375, -0.4375, -0.08349609375, -1.859375, 0.12890625, -0.671875, -0.06201171875, 0.0791015625, -0.72265625, 0.5234375, -0.7421875, 0.1279296875, 0.37109375, 1.0625, 1.375, -0.318359375, -2.03125, 1.8125, 1.1015625, -0.0546875, 0.97265625, 1.6015625, -2.734375, 0.7421875, 0.59375, -1.546875, -1.1875, -1.421875, -0.91796875, 0.546875, -1.859375, -2.015625, -1.25, 1.40625, 0.578125, 0.83984375, -1.625, 0.54296875, -0.388671875, -0.1796875, 0.1884765625, -1.8984375, 1.390625, -0.40625, -0.37109375, 1.4140625, -0.85546875, -0.0615234375, 0.6796875, 0.177734375, 0.97265625, -0.9921875, -0.75390625, -0.0546875, 2.71875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1529853209
Exploring biomolecular dynamics and interactions using advanced sampling methods
Molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have emerged as a valuable tool to investigate statistical mechanics and kinetics of biomolecules and synthetic soft matter materials. However, major limitations for routine applications are due to the accuracy of the molecular mechanics force field and due to the maximum simulation time that can be achieved in current simulations studies. For improving the sampling a number of advanced sampling approaches have been designed in recent years. In particular, variants of the parallel tempering replica-exchange methodology are widely used in many simulation studies. Recent methodological advancements and a discussion of specific aims and advantages are given. This includes improved free energy simulation approaches and conformational search applications.
[ 0.212890625, 0.3359375, 3.21875, 0.15234375, 0.10498046875, -0.7265625, -3.203125, 2.234375, 0.03955078125, 0.43359375, 0.0966796875, 0.29296875, 0.2734375, 0.2216796875, -0.28515625, 1.0390625, 0.6171875, 1.046875, -0.88671875, 1.28125, 0.19921875, 0.94921875, -2.046875, 1, 0.734375, 0.72265625, -0.396484375, -0.66796875, 0.4375, 1.7890625, -0.142578125, 0.208984375, -1.609375, -0.41015625, 0.396484375, 0.1474609375, -1.2421875, 0.41015625, -0.06494140625, 0.45703125, -0.6953125, -1.4453125, -0.494140625, -0.0791015625, 0.7734375, 1.15625, 0.2470703125, -0.01611328125, -0.455078125, 0.427734375, -0.35546875, 0.337890625, 1.6484375, -1.0625, -1.5546875, 2.328125, -1.53125, -0.53515625, 1.4921875, 0.6015625, -1.8984375, -0.8203125, 2.125, -1.4296875, -0.2001953125, -0.314453125, -1.078125, 0.15234375, 0.90234375, 0.125, 1.78125, -0.455078125, -1.15625, -0.50390625, 0.443359375, 0.103515625, -0.5390625, 2.125, 0.96484375, 0.8203125, -0.484375, 0.390625, -0.494140625, 1.125, -0.1787109375, 0.96875, 0.94140625, 2.546875, 1.1875, 0.203125, -1.1875, -1.8359375, -1.59375, 0.5625, -0.1787109375, -0.27734375, 0.95703125, -1.0546875, -0.349609375, 1.6484375, 0.74609375, -1.1640625, -0.71484375, -1.7265625, 0.78125, 2.109375, -1.8359375, -0.396484375, -1.0859375, -0.6015625, -0.1494140625, 0.4609375, -0.345703125, 0.498046875, -0.390625, 0.12890625, 0.011474609375, 0.050048828125, 0.421875, 1.3046875, 0.640625, -1.703125, -0.8359375, 1.2109375, 1.6796875, 1.3671875, -0.494140625, -1.1484375, 0.279296875, 0.17578125, 0.734375, 1.203125, -1.3046875, 0.333984375, 0.984375, 0.392578125, -1.5390625, 1.7421875, 2.515625, 2.359375, -0.8359375, 0.8046875, 0.76953125, -0.29296875, -1.703125, -0.6484375, 1.421875, -0.4375, 0.78125, 1, -1.703125, -1.09375, -0.71484375, 1.640625, 1.7890625, -0.5859375, -1.453125, 1.5859375, -0.5625, -0.78515625, -0.294921875, -0.83984375, 2.234375, -0.73046875, 0.1728515625, 1.2578125, -1.671875, 1, 0.224609375, -1.1328125, 0.1376953125, -1.078125, 0.54296875, -2, 1.4375, -1.109375, -0.546875, 1.015625, 1.59375, -0.2236328125, -0.9609375, 1.6875, 0.64453125, -0.443359375, 1.390625, 4.25, -1.0625, -1.1015625, -0.625, 0.96875, -0.09130859375, -0.78515625, -1.5, 1.234375, -0.080078125, 1.703125, 0.63671875, 1.8125, -1.3515625, -0.74609375, -1.3828125, -0.8203125, -0.232421875, -0.296875, -0.87109375, 0.38671875, -1.2109375, 2.328125, 0.6171875, 1.3359375, -1.1875, -1.9375, -0.23828125, -0.515625, 0.48046875, 0.00159454345703125, -0.09033203125, 1.671875, 0.57421875, -0.859375, 0.31640625, 0.2041015625, -0.2470703125, -1.015625, -0.8203125, -1.8359375, -0.98828125, 0.8828125, -1.921875, -0.353515625, 0.56640625, 0.58984375, -1.265625, 0.11279296875, 1.0390625, 0.375, -2.421875, -0.80078125, 1.1875, -0.6484375, 0.10888671875, -1.1328125, 2.09375, 2.203125, 1.421875, -0.9453125, 1.1953125, -1.15625, -1.6953125, -0.0966796875, 1.7109375, -0.87890625, 0.1591796875, -2.0625, 0.37890625, 1.9453125, -0.984375, 0.484375, 1.4140625, -0.8359375, 1.8203125, 1.2890625, -1.359375, 0.94140625, -0.00531005859375, 0.11865234375, -2.296875, -0.65234375, -2.15625, 1.0703125, 0.08251953125, -0.89453125, -0.921875, -0.484375, -0.57421875, -0.373046875, -1.2265625, -2.015625, 0.2451171875, 0.86328125, 0.447265625, -2.71875, -0.75, 0.78125, -0.21875, 1.7421875, 1.421875, 0.49609375, -0.060546875, -0.7109375, -0.6796875, 0.23046875, -0.66796875, -2, -0.4296875, 0.027099609375, -0.3671875, 3.203125, 0.69140625, 1.34375, 0.73046875, 0.73046875, 0.12451171875, -1.328125, 1.9375, -1.8828125, -2.65625, -0.52734375, 1.375, 1.53125, 0.06640625, -0.59375, -1.0859375, 0.1298828125, 0.447265625, 1.390625, -0.69921875, -1.390625, 0.0830078125, 0.30859375, 0.11767578125, 1.6953125, 0.423828125, 0.0771484375, -1.0078125, -0.11279296875, -0.8828125, -1.65625, -1.6015625, 1.90625, -0.83203125, -0.10791015625, 0.78515625, -0.419921875, 0.09423828125, -0.17578125, 0.765625, -1.796875, 2.421875, 0.265625, 1.1484375, -3.015625, -1.4140625, -2.390625, -0.61328125, 0.62890625, -0.115234375, 0.6328125, -0.67578125, -2.59375, 0.236328125, -1.0234375, 0.625, -0.12158203125, -1.75, -0.5078125, 1.828125, -0.953125, -0.87109375, -2.078125, -0.99609375, -1.21875, 0.466796875, 0.486328125, -0.09619140625, -0.36328125, -0.255859375, -0.8984375, 1.3515625, -1.609375, 1.0390625, -0.11083984375, -0.6640625, -0.0439453125, 2.0625, 2.296875, -2.109375, -3.171875, 0.6171875, 0.52734375, -2.75, 0.53125, 0.28125, 1.9765625, 1.0859375, 0.427734375, -0.482421875, 0.1552734375, -1.734375, 0.412109375, 0.70703125, -0.318359375, -2.03125, -0.75390625, -1.09375, -0.796875, 0.984375, 1.5078125, -0.033935546875, -0.84765625, -0.28515625, 1.2109375, 1.4296875, -2.078125, -1.5078125, -1.6953125, -0.61328125, -1.7265625, -0.322265625, -0.2041015625, -1.1953125, -0.0189208984375, -0.197265625, -1.3515625, 1.5546875, -2.15625, 1.9765625, -0.6015625, 1.1484375, -0.271484375, 0.349609375, 0.0751953125, -0.44921875, 0.291015625, -0.09765625, 0.0255126953125, 0.94921875, 2.171875, -0.8515625, -0.451171875, 0.181640625, -0.08154296875, 0.052490234375, -0.35546875, 1.203125, 0.8046875, 1.4296875, 0.10400390625, -1.484375, -0.515625, -0.06787109375, 0.263671875, 0.2041015625, 0.287109375, 1.390625, 1.0703125, 0.482421875, 0.030029296875, 0.8515625, 0.26953125, -0.349609375, -1.921875, -0.82421875, -0.4609375, 0.6640625, 1.6953125, -1.28125, 0.8671875, -0.5, 0.11767578125, -0.38671875, 0.1650390625, -0.91015625, -0.1748046875, -0.1044921875, -1.3515625, -0.451171875, -0.21484375, -1.0390625, 1.9453125, 1.3984375, 0.375, -0.5390625, 1.03125, 1.140625, 0.244140625, -0.63671875, 1.0078125, -0.625, 0.96875, 0.578125, -0.1962890625, -1.5234375, -0.1689453125, -1.0390625, 1.109375, -2.6875, 0.5703125, 0.6171875, -0.10205078125, -0.6796875, -0.046142578125, -0.330078125, 0.921875, 1.2890625, -0.2353515625, 0.09814453125, 0.921875, -1.0390625, 0.96484375, -0.359375, -0.41015625, -2.15625, 0.87109375, 0.9140625, -0.87890625, 0.392578125, -0.318359375, -1.359375, -0.28515625, -0.8671875, 1.9453125, -1.328125, -2.203125, -0.396484375, 1.25, 2.03125, 0.3203125, 0.375, -2.65625, 0.115234375, -1.875, -0.34375, 0.5390625, 0.84375, -1.6953125, 1.78125, 0.48828125, -0.109375, -2.046875, 0.462890625, 1.734375, 0.62109375, 0.71875, 1.2578125, 0.6875, 0.76171875, -0.177734375, 2.359375, -0.57421875, -1.609375, -0.68359375, 0.5625, -1.109375, 2.5, 0.97265625, 0.171875, 2.25, -0.515625, 1.625, -2.59375, 0.5859375, -0.46875, 0.1455078125, 0.0693359375, 2.65625, -0.609375, -0.7265625, 0.05810546875, -1.1015625, -0.85546875, -1.59375, -0.390625, 2.421875, 0.10107421875, 0.2314453125, -0.546875, -2.234375, 1.1328125, 2.078125, 0.8359375, 1.7265625, 0.91015625, -0.45703125, 4.0625, -0.0712890625, -0.9921875, 0.7109375, 1.046875, 0.84375, 1.625, 0.361328125, -1.40625, -0.1904296875, -0.5234375, -1.484375, 3.28125, 0.6875, 0.44140625, -1.671875, -2.25, -1.2890625, 0.88671875, 0.7578125, 0.8359375, 0.2734375, 1.3984375, 2.265625, 1.015625, 0.3359375, -1.125, 1.484375, 0.2021484375, -0.05224609375, 1.203125, 0.546875, -0.138671875, 0.5546875, 2.046875, 0.126953125, -0.97265625, 0.5390625, 0.369140625, -1.46875, 1.546875, -1.296875, 1.203125, -1.0703125, 0.423828125, 1.6875, -0.3203125, 0.98046875, -0.359375, 1.4296875, -0.419921875, -2.90625, -1.0859375, -1.90625, 0.875, -0.2099609375, -1.328125, 0.83203125, -0.22265625, -1.2421875, 1.1875, -1.3984375, -0.61328125, 0.87109375, 0.431640625, 1.2265625, 0.90625, 0.890625, 0.431640625, 1.15625, -0.306640625, 1.734375, -1.8046875, 0.4140625, 0.9375, 2.40625, 0.138671875, 1.0078125, -0.28125, 1.765625, 0.60546875, 2.40625, -2.625, -0.734375, 0.1103515625, 0.2431640625, 1.6875, 1.28125, -0.0186767578125, -0.35546875, -0.279296875, 2.96875, -1.234375, -1.21875, -0.890625, -1.828125, -0.68359375, 0.34765625, -0.283203125, 0.443359375, 0.86328125, -0.3203125, -1.96875, 3.40625, -2.296875, 0.01495361328125, 0.29296875, -1.1796875, -1.53125, 0.3828125, 0.5859375, -2.15625, -0.609375, 0.97265625, 0.2294921875, -0.59765625, 0.671875, -1.3203125, 0.08984375, 2.734375, 2.40625, 0.35546875, -0.5078125, -0.361328125, 0.734375, -1.078125, 0.26171875, 0.181640625, 1.390625, -1.1640625, 1.8359375, -0.05322265625, 0.1318359375, 1.859375, 0.28515625, -0.31640625, -0.376953125, -0.48828125, -0.451171875, 1.40625, 1.0625, 0.47265625, 0.71875, -1.1484375, -0.921875, 1.0234375, -0.5625, 0.99609375, 0.1005859375, -1.15625, -0.91796875, -1.4375, -0.12109375, 0.80859375, -0.68359375, 0.875, -0.0025787353515625, -0.1357421875, 1.0390625, -0.640625, 0.546875, -0.416015625, 0.52734375, 2.171875, 0.78515625, 1.0703125, -1.7890625, 0.8203125, 0.43359375, -0.267578125, -1.234375, 0.0037841796875, 0.80078125, -1.3125, 0.69140625, -1.625, -0.458984375, 0.416015625, -0.44921875, 0.6328125, 0.2333984375, -0.96484375, -1.7890625, -1.609375, -0.275390625, -2.34375, 1.8515625, -0.58203125, 1.34375, -0.609375, 0.423828125, 0.61328125, 0.3203125, -0.31640625, 0.7421875, 0.255859375, -0.74609375, -1.890625, 1.234375, 0.259765625, 1.234375, 0.73828125, 0.07958984375, -1.9296875, -0.306640625, -0.00396728515625, -3, -0.37890625, 0.302734375, 0.94921875, -0.062255859375, 0.53515625, -0.0966796875, 0.03515625, -1.0546875, -1.390625, -0.63671875, -0.8203125, 0.57421875, -0.59375, 2.140625, -1.265625, -0.7578125, 1.25, 1.234375, -0.294921875, 0.5078125, 1.578125, 1.421875, 0.0142822265625, -1.5703125, 1.6171875, 1.7109375, 0.53515625, 0.004486083984375, -1.0703125, 1.21875, -0.9765625, 2.453125, 0.8203125, -1.203125, -0.51171875, 0.58203125, 0.61328125, 0.6953125, 1.1953125, -1.9609375, -1.9140625, 0.78125, 0.828125, -0.0732421875, 1.21875, -0.09912109375, -0.4921875, -2.5625, 0.4765625, -2.96875, -0.9453125, -1.90625, -1.4609375, 1.6328125, 0.83984375, 0.2158203125, 1.7890625, -0.9921875, 2.328125, 0.034423828125, -0.400390625, 0.37109375, 0.140625, -1.2421875, -2.15625, -0.33203125, -0.412109375, 0.279296875, -1.0859375, 0.96484375, -1.0546875, 1.5390625, -0.181640625, 0.279296875, -0.5234375, 1.21875, -0.47265625, 1.296875, -0.953125, 1.953125, 1.71875, 3.21875, 2.375, 1.6796875, -2.390625, -0.1962890625, -0.03857421875, 1.265625, 0.232421875, -0.0947265625, -0.109375, 0.64453125, 1.953125, 0.640625, -1.46875, -1.328125, -1.1953125, 0.7578125, 0.87109375, -2.078125, 0.1015625, 0.07470703125, 0.2138671875, 0.0654296875, -0.1376953125, -0.53515625, 1.625, -1.3828125, -0.7890625, 0.48046875, -0.7109375, -1.3125, -0.2890625, 0.98828125, 0.271484375, -1.265625, 0.7734375, -0.283203125, 0.671875, 0.296875, -2.484375, -0.5546875, 2, -0.890625, 0.71875, -1.671875, -0.44140625, 0.859375, 0.7265625, -1.4609375, -0.255859375, 1.53125, -1.2890625, 2.421875, -1.421875, 1.125, -0.58984375, 0.1875, -1.0625, -0.0084228515625, -1.09375, -1.625, 0.0135498046875, -0.234375, 0.4140625, -0.9453125, 0.58203125, 0.2236328125, -0.67578125, -0.494140625, 0.042236328125, 0.5546875, -0.60546875, -0.05322265625, -1.921875, -0.46484375, -0.19921875, 1.640625, 1.1796875, 0.20703125, -1.9921875, 1.1640625, 0.07861328125, -1.2265625, 0.298828125, -0.6875, -1.3515625, 0.74609375, 1.3359375, -1.0078125, -0.140625, 0.004638671875, -0.07373046875, 1.6484375, -0.455078125, 0.71484375, 2.1875, -0.490234375, -1.0234375, -0.85546875, 1.25, -1.59375, -0.1640625, -0.416015625, -0.291015625, 0.04150390625, 2.296875, -0.1884765625, -0.515625, -0.263671875, 2.390625, -1.71875, -0.94921875, -0.349609375, 1.0078125, -0.1513671875, 0.828125, 3.4375, -0.435546875, 0.7421875, 1.5234375, 1.3984375, 1.2734375, 0.5546875, 1.40625, 1.7109375, 0.71875, 1.7265625, -2.71875, 0.6875, -2.5625, -0.63671875, 0.1318359375, -0.0230712890625, -0.29296875, 0.34375, -1.625, -0.2470703125, -1.1875, -0.54296875, -0.890625, 2.390625, 1.21875, 0.97265625, -0.66796875, 0.19921875, 0.259765625, 0.65234375, 0.08740234375, -0.8125, 1.5546875, -1.0078125, -1.328125, -0.275390625, 1.171875, 1.25, 0.62890625, 0.1552734375, 0.41796875, -1.796875, 0.875, 0.6953125, 2.875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1529924099
Isoleucyl-Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. 1. Properties of the Enzyme
In this paper we report on the properties of the purified isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. The enzyme which was purified approximately 500-fold, has a molecular weight of about 110000. The effect of temperature on the activation and transfer activities has been studied. The thermostable enzyme shows an optimal activity at 65 °C for the isoleucine-dependent ATP-PPi exchange reaction and at 45 °C for the formation of isoleucyl-tRNA. Attempts to heat inactivate the amino-acid-transfer activity selectively, i.e. without loss of the activation reaction, were unsuccessful. The protection of the enzyme against heat inactivation in presence of tRNA makes it possible to study the binding of this molecule to the protein. An association constant of 0.11 nM−1 was determined at 70.5 °C. Formation of this tRNA · enzyme complex was also demonstrated by binding onto nitrocellulose filters. By this technique one tRNA site per enzyme molecule was detected and an affinity constant of 0.4 nM−1 measured. The same results were obtained either with tRNA from Escherichia coli or B. stearothermophilus, showing close resemblance of the two nucleic acids. Periodate-oxidation of the 3′-terminal adenosine of the tRNA does not perceptibly affect the binding or the degree of protection of the enzyme against heat inactivation. These effects are still strictly dependent on magnesium ions and a clearcut requirement of these ions for the formation and/or stabilization of the tRNA · enzyme complex has been demonstrated. The intermediate isoleucine · AMP · enzyme complex with a molar ratio of 1:1:1 was isolated by molecular sieving and by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Mg2+ ions are required for the formation of the complex but are not necessary to stabilize the isoleucyl-adenylate once this is bound to the enzyme. The transfer of activated isoleucine to tRNA again requires magnesium ions and must probably be related to the formation of a tRNA · enzyme complex. Part only of the activated isoleucine is transferred to tRNA; this results essentially from the breakdown of a fraction of the isoleucine · AMP · enzyme complex, induced by tRNA and Mg2+ ions, acting together. Periodate-oxidized tRNA of B. stearothermophilus or of E. coli in presence of Mg2+ ions completely releases isoleucine from the complex.
[ -0.57421875, 0.8828125, 0.8125, 0.9140625, 0.1044921875, 0.27734375, 0.30078125, 0.1796875, -1.015625, 0.45703125, -1.1484375, 0.439453125, 1.5078125, -0.06982421875, 0.98828125, 0.408203125, 0.126953125, -0.35546875, -0.9609375, 0.921875, -0.27734375, 0.042236328125, -0.251953125, 0.03369140625, 0.50390625, 0.76171875, -0.41796875, 0.06640625, 1.1484375, 0.98828125, 0.671875, 1.5703125, -1.25, -0.06201171875, 1.3125, 0.57421875, -0.45703125, 0.78125, -0.609375, 0.322265625, -0.734375, -0.5390625, 0.65625, -0.89453125, -0.0986328125, 0.5859375, 0.376953125, -0.030517578125, -0.10400390625, 0.0194091796875, 1.3671875, 1.7734375, 1, -0.2001953125, -1.5703125, -0.97265625, -1.09375, -0.4921875, 1.3359375, -1.375, -0.349609375, -0.427734375, 0.89453125, 0.03955078125, 0.0091552734375, 0.890625, 0.6015625, -0.89453125, 0.7109375, -0.033447265625, 0.90234375, -1.0234375, -0.1083984375, 0.349609375, -1.1015625, -0.05712890625, 0.76953125, 0.69921875, 0.240234375, 1.140625, -0.75390625, -2.015625, 0.341796875, -0.298828125, -1.984375, -0.01953125, -0.328125, 1.6640625, -0.060546875, 0.625, -0.67578125, 1.0390625, -1.140625, 0.1845703125, -1.1484375, -0.53125, 1.6875, -0.828125, -0.1943359375, 1.765625, -0.369140625, 0.859375, -0.140625, -0.408203125, 1.4609375, 0.173828125, -1.15625, -0.318359375, -1.875, -0.08837890625, -1.2734375, -0.27734375, -0.7578125, 0.65234375, 0.6875, -1, -0.2890625, 1.8515625, 1.3125, 1.171875, -0.515625, -0.7265625, -0.2294921875, -0.427734375, 1.375, 0.8828125, 0.2021484375, -1.1953125, 1.703125, -0.64453125, 0.49609375, -0.107421875, -0.06396484375, -0.8984375, 0.9921875, -0.228515625, -0.5078125, 1.3828125, 1.375, 0.23046875, -0.30859375, 1.296875, 0.6171875, -0.77734375, 0.77734375, -0.9140625, -0.1953125, 1.2265625, 0.1865234375, 0.228515625, -0.58203125, -1.2734375, -0.82421875, 1.4921875, 0.470703125, 1.2890625, -0.466796875, 1.515625, -0.21875, 1.6875, -0.515625, -0.984375, 0.216796875, 0.000606536865234375, -0.94921875, 1.3828125, -1.2421875, 0.392578125, -0.1123046875, 0.017333984375, -0.7734375, -0.09423828125, 0.66015625, 0.154296875, 0.953125, -1.5625, -0.333984375, 1.1484375, 0.48046875, -1.328125, -0.451171875, 1.921875, -0.259765625, 0.16796875, 0.2294921875, 2.90625, -1.0859375, 0.3671875, -1.1953125, 1.078125, 0.9921875, -2.03125, -1.5546875, 1.1484375, -0.3828125, -0.53515625, 2.21875, -0.28515625, -0.5234375, -0.1640625, -1.3203125, 0.30859375, 2.109375, -0.45703125, -0.443359375, 0.93359375, -0.416015625, -0.0128173828125, 0.796875, 0.7890625, -1.15625, -1.9375, 0.46875, -0.609375, -1.078125, 0.69921875, -0.66015625, 1.828125, -1.328125, 0.01177978515625, 0.52734375, 0.9375, -0.015869140625, -0.62109375, -0.1474609375, -1.4609375, -0.208984375, 1.4140625, -1.2421875, 1.7578125, -0.5234375, -0.828125, 0.46484375, 0.053955078125, -0.330078125, -0.53515625, 0.5234375, -1.0546875, 1.375, -0.310546875, 0.98046875, 0.484375, 0.91015625, 1.1796875, 0.4453125, -0.0274658203125, 1.34375, 0.96875, 0.12890625, 0.890625, 1.5078125, 0.333984375, -0.23046875, -0.0625, -0.7890625, -0.003387451171875, -1.390625, 0.1484375, 0.55078125, -0.59765625, 0.90625, 1.1796875, -0.380859375, 0.6953125, -0.72265625, 0.06982421875, -0.62890625, -0.109375, -0.79296875, -0.80078125, -0.4765625, -0.65625, 0.53125, -0.1875, 1.3828125, -0.1708984375, -0.984375, -0.0830078125, -0.1357421875, -0.345703125, -1.140625, -0.57421875, -0.99609375, -0.38671875, 0.671875, 0.58203125, 1.3515625, 1.5625, -0.39453125, -0.5625, -0.447265625, -1.3359375, -1.046875, -0.359375, -0.099609375, -1.7421875, 0.8046875, 2.09375, 0.66796875, 0.94921875, 1.2578125, 1.0703125, -0.003997802734375, -0.2294921875, 0.87109375, -1.484375, -0.2890625, 0.46875, 0.173828125, 0.8046875, -0.50390625, 1.046875, -1.0625, 1.328125, 1.3671875, -0.66796875, 0.40625, -1.7890625, 0.32421875, 0.57421875, 0.400390625, 0.6796875, -1.3515625, 1.609375, -0.2490234375, -0.4375, 1.0703125, -0.1748046875, 0.42578125, 1.4453125, -0.890625, -1.40625, 0.447265625, -1.0625, -0.058837890625, 0.75390625, -0.376953125, -2.34375, 1.140625, 0.96484375, -0.1298828125, 0.1953125, -1.3828125, -0.98828125, 0.50390625, 0.3125, 0.91796875, -1.203125, -0.013916015625, -1.578125, 0.54296875, -0.0771484375, -0.82421875, -1.1328125, -1.53125, 0.94140625, -0.640625, 0.46875, -0.2255859375, -0.07275390625, -0.2138671875, -1.9765625, -0.65625, -0.0458984375, 0.765625, -0.265625, 0.6953125, -1.703125, 0.486328125, -0.380859375, 0.96484375, -0.8046875, -0.3828125, 1.421875, 0.16015625, 1.828125, -1.453125, -1.6015625, -0.6953125, 1.875, -0.33203125, -0.201171875, -0.96875, 0.30859375, 0.8359375, 1.078125, 0.361328125, 1.140625, 0.306640625, 0.498046875, 0.1748046875, 0.78515625, -3.765625, -0.09765625, 0.26953125, 0.63671875, 0.296875, 0.62109375, 1.0234375, -1.796875, 0.51953125, 0.388671875, 1.3203125, -0.984375, -0.5078125, -0.263671875, -2.6875, 0.015625, 0.1455078125, 0.08251953125, -0.4375, 0.6875, -0.578125, 1.265625, 0.73046875, -0.169921875, 0.482421875, -0.3125, -1.0859375, 0.7421875, 0.71875, 0.17578125, -0.23828125, -1.40625, -0.69921875, 0.04296875, 0.01483154296875, 0.80078125, -0.5546875, 1, -1.015625, 0.39453125, 0.79296875, -1.046875, 0.26171875, 1.0390625, 1.1015625, 0.28125, -2.0625, 0.447265625, 0.0069580078125, -0.375, -0.328125, -1.09375, 0.333984375, 1.4921875, 1.3203125, -0.10986328125, 0.271484375, 0.244140625, 0.91796875, -2.375, -2.359375, -1.140625, -0.2578125, 1.203125, 0.337890625, -0.11328125, 0.8984375, -0.32421875, -0.08203125, -0.373046875, -0.51171875, 0.24609375, 0.515625, -1.109375, 0.0203857421875, -0.83984375, -0.392578125, 1.65625, 1.625, 1.65625, -0.005523681640625, 0.376953125, -0.314453125, 0.55078125, 1.2578125, 2.015625, -0.2099609375, -0.26953125, 1.8984375, 0.70703125, 0.349609375, 0.98828125, 1.5625, 1.1640625, -1.2421875, -0.365234375, -0.0439453125, 0.828125, -0.5859375, -1.65625, 0.330078125, -0.8828125, 0.1279296875, -0.39453125, -1.3046875, 0.78125, -0.9453125, -0.62109375, -0.12060546875, -1.4609375, -0.69921875, -0.2138671875, -0.1787109375, -0.08544921875, 0.40625, 1.125, -1.609375, 0.58203125, 0.890625, 2.25, -1.4921875, -0.8203125, 0.2099609375, 0.609375, 1.6953125, 2.140625, 0.67578125, -0.439453125, 1.59375, -0.33203125, 0.640625, 1.4140625, 1.265625, -0.8046875, 0.2373046875, -1.6171875, 0.7421875, -0.10595703125, -0.578125, -0.99609375, 1.21875, -0.1611328125, -0.294921875, -0.150390625, -0.287109375, 0.06884765625, 0.75390625, -0.57421875, 0.052978515625, 1.0859375, -0.032958984375, -2.25, 0.44140625, 0.99609375, 0.376953125, 1.6875, 0.13671875, -0.314453125, -1.6640625, 1.3125, -1.5703125, -0.1513671875, -0.1533203125, 1.65625, -0.6171875, 0.447265625, -0.419921875, -1.3125, 0.37890625, -2.421875, -1.0234375, 1.6640625, -1.203125, 0.4765625, -1.546875, -0.98046875, 1.6796875, 1.6015625, 0.3046875, -0.9296875, 0.78515625, -0.5390625, 0.9609375, -0.53515625, -0.314453125, -1.2578125, -1.0625, 0.59375, -0.83984375, 0.66015625, 0.125, 0.83984375, -0.1630859375, 0.061279296875, 1.7734375, -0.412109375, 0.0703125, 0.07421875, -1.046875, -0.6953125, 0.451171875, 0.578125, 0.134765625, 0.04931640625, -0.34375, 1.1015625, 0.1787109375, 0.91015625, -0.9921875, 0.98828125, 0.7578125, -0.5546875, 0.2138671875, 0.83203125, -0.5390625, 0.310546875, 0.087890625, 0.50390625, -1.296875, -1.4375, -1.5703125, -0.8046875, 1.296875, 0.1259765625, 1.09375, -1.9140625, 0.28515625, -0.37109375, 1.453125, -0.453125, 1.1015625, 1.8515625, -0.427734375, -1.5546875, -0.115234375, -0.796875, 2.03125, -0.142578125, -0.68359375, 1.234375, -0.9765625, -1.2109375, 0.431640625, -1.7890625, -0.30859375, 2.28125, 0.28125, 0.07568359375, 1.78125, 0.0211181640625, 0.1787109375, -0.279296875, -0.33203125, 0.97265625, -0.625, -1.109375, -0.54296875, 0.890625, 0.8125, 0.0233154296875, -1.34375, 0.72265625, -0.2333984375, 1.1953125, -0.99609375, -0.373046875, -0.08447265625, 0.421875, -0.98828125, 0.8203125, -0.60546875, -0.291015625, -1.0703125, 0.71875, -0.41015625, -0.46875, -0.6328125, -0.48046875, 0.3203125, 0.322265625, -0.482421875, 0.474609375, -0.0289306640625, 1.234375, -0.6875, 0.0002384185791015625, -0.8671875, 0.66796875, 0.55859375, 0.408203125, -0.71484375, 0.02392578125, 0.484375, -1.4140625, -2.453125, 0.82421875, -0.123046875, -1.0859375, 0.75, 0.1015625, 0.56640625, 2.46875, -1.265625, 0.2119140625, 0.28515625, 0.55078125, 0.67578125, -1.8125, -0.5078125, 0.017333984375, 1.1640625, -0.447265625, -0.0037689208984375, 0.169921875, 1.84375, 1.9765625, 0.2109375, 1.3828125, -0.2890625, 0.130859375, 1, -0.82421875, 1.296875, -0.609375, 0.84765625, -0.78125, 0.0252685546875, -0.29296875, 0.5234375, 0.01025390625, -0.77734375, -0.01177978515625, -0.2275390625, -1.2890625, -1.0859375, -0.7109375, 0.828125, 0.12158203125, -0.1826171875, -0.2177734375, 1.4609375, -1.3515625, 2.1875, 1.0078125, 0.02587890625, 0.62890625, 0.67578125, 0.87109375, -0.5703125, -0.55078125, 1.1328125, 0.138671875, 0.62890625, 2.171875, 0.05712890625, -0.45703125, 0.326171875, 0.048583984375, 0.5546875, 1.1640625, 0.419921875, 1.421875, -0.58984375, -1.1015625, -1.5, -1.5859375, -0.765625, -0.29296875, 0.671875, -0.361328125, 0.00787353515625, 0.12109375, 0.60546875, 0.00958251953125, 0.193359375, 0.3046875, -0.3671875, 0.55859375, -0.4921875, -1.59375, 0.05859375, 0.546875, -0.0032806396484375, 0.6328125, 0.0654296875, -1.359375, 1.125, -0.1435546875, -1.640625, -1.6875, -0.64453125, -0.8125, -1.328125, -0.1328125, 0.43359375, -1.15625, -0.3984375, -1.34375, -0.578125, 0.67578125, 0.37890625, 0.423828125, 0.9765625, -0.62890625, -0.1845703125, 0.080078125, 0.7265625, -0.66796875, 1.9140625, 0.6953125, 0.0230712890625, -0.345703125, 0.458984375, 0.56640625, -0.078125, -0.859375, -0.042724609375, -0.259765625, -0.041259765625, -2.140625, 2.34375, 0.796875, -2.28125, 0.0673828125, 0.71484375, -0.578125, 0.75390625, -0.416015625, -1.3359375, 0.462890625, -0.73046875, -0.14453125, 0.97265625, 1.84375, 0.94921875, -0.01806640625, -1.203125, 1.203125, -2.5625, -1.0078125, -1.703125, 1.2265625, 0.294921875, 1.2265625, 0.40234375, 0.76171875, -1.0703125, 1.0234375, 0.10107421875, 1.1640625, 1.703125, 0.31640625, -2.046875, 0.44140625, -1.546875, 0.65234375, -0.44921875, -0.7265625, 0.875, -0.6484375, 1.3359375, -1.09375, -0.458984375, 0.1787109375, -0.017333984375, -1.390625, 0.65234375, 1.15625, 1.125, 0.3359375, 2.03125, 2.875, 0.94921875, -0.474609375, -1.078125, -1.4140625, 0.71484375, 0.6875, 0.60546875, 0.08984375, 0.0257568359375, 1.0390625, 0.306640625, 0.48828125, -0.68359375, -0.83203125, 0.21484375, 1.90625, -0.5625, 0.6015625, -0.7421875, 0.197265625, 0.46484375, -0.8984375, -0.734375, -0.3359375, -1, 0.81640625, 0.2734375, -1.8984375, -1.28125, -0.484375, 1.671875, 0.1982421875, 1.3046875, 1.734375, 0.208984375, 0.53125, 0.92578125, -0.8125, -0.10302734375, 1.671875, -0.8359375, -0.0361328125, -0.66015625, -0.72265625, 1.3828125, 0.490234375, -0.58984375, 0.59765625, 0.79296875, 0.1796875, 0.91796875, -0.1103515625, -0.8203125, -0.5078125, 0.32421875, 0.0272216796875, -0.8359375, -0.11474609375, -0.6875, -0.1318359375, -0.384765625, 0.189453125, -2.078125, 0.34765625, -0.26171875, 0.486328125, -1.1328125, -1.109375, 0.87109375, -0.71875, -0.890625, -1.53125, -0.59765625, 0.72265625, 1.4765625, 0.703125, 0.8671875, -0.81640625, 0.48828125, -0.314453125, -0.1796875, 0.91015625, -0.578125, -0.64453125, -0.60546875, -0.1708984375, -1.125, 0.7421875, 0.3671875, -0.2314453125, 1.4765625, 0.76171875, 0.2255859375, 2.578125, 0.388671875, -0.322265625, -0.4453125, 1.2578125, -0.9921875, -0.640625, -1.0234375, -0.390625, 0.1142578125, 1.3125, -0.703125, -0.37890625, -1.1953125, 0.62890625, -0.69140625, 0.302734375, 1.15625, 1.2265625, -0.48046875, 0.26953125, 1.1953125, -0.326171875, -0.9453125, 2.140625, 0.53125, 0.240234375, 0.89453125, -0.8125, 0.2470703125, 1.390625, 1.3828125, 0.458984375, -0.2412109375, -0.76171875, 1.0078125, -1.3203125, -0.5, -0.65625, -0.388671875, 0.42578125, 0.55078125, 0.228515625, 0.8046875, -0.5703125, 1.140625, 0.25390625, 1.765625, -0.380859375, 0.3515625, -0.2119140625, -0.37109375, 1.2578125, -1.8984375, 0.2265625, -0.66796875, -1.3515625, 0.76953125, 0.04345703125, -0.064453125, 0.00396728515625, 0.1005859375, 1.78125, -0.388671875, -1.5078125, 0.5390625, 1.9921875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1530206031
Glutamate‐induced declustering of post‐synaptic adaptor protein Cupidin (Homer 2/vesl‐2) in cultured cerebellar granule cells
Abstract Cupidin (Homer 2/vesl‐2) is a post‐synaptic adaptor protein that associates with glutamate receptor complexes and the actin cytoskeleton. We analyzed the developmental and activity‐dependent localization of Cupidin in mouse cerebellar granule cells. Cupidin is predominantly localized to granule cell post‐synapses connecting with mossy fiber terminals in developing post‐natal cerebellum, but is diminished in adult cerebellum. In cultured granule cells 7 days in vitro , Cupidin was present as synaptic and extra‐synaptic punctate clusters that largely co‐localized with the actin‐cytoskeletal binding partners F‐actin and drebrin, as well as a post‐synaptic scaffold protein PSD‐95. Upon stimulation with glutamate, Cupidin clusters were rapidly dissociated without protein degradation, and by short‐term but not sustained stimulation they were recovered after post‐incubation without glutamate. The glutamate‐induced declustering of Cupidin preceded that of F‐actin and drebrin, was elicited by NMDA receptor‐mediated Ca 2+ influx, and was followed by a downstream pathway including MAPK/ERK and protein tyrosine kinase. Specific isoforms with post‐translational modification were reduced depending on Ca 2+ ‐dependent protein phosphatase activity. In cultured hippocampal neurons, Homer family members Homer 1, Cupidin/Homer 2 and Homer 3 showed similar glutamate‐induced declustering. We suggest that Cupidin acts as a mobile adaptor protein that changes the distribution states, clustered versus declustered, in response to synaptic activity.
[ -1, 0.92578125, 0.890625, -0.55859375, 0.63671875, -0.0224609375, -0.10986328125, 0.94921875, -0.034912109375, 0.70703125, -2.015625, 0.75, 0.671875, -0.8515625, 1.5546875, 1.59375, 0.1376953125, -0.6484375, -0.353515625, 0.1552734375, 0.203125, -0.66015625, -1.3984375, -0.421875, -0.6171875, 0.388671875, -0.203125, -0.9921875, -0.06982421875, 1.0390625, -0.22265625, 0.68359375, -1.890625, -0.77734375, 0.09814453125, -1.140625, 1.0859375, 0.1611328125, -0.70703125, 1.3046875, 0.58203125, -0.6484375, -0.12109375, -0.6328125, -1.0234375, 1.15625, -0.765625, -0.80859375, -1.2421875, -0.296875, -0.7578125, -0.291015625, 1.515625, -0.2099609375, -1.0625, 1.0703125, -0.94921875, 0.0255126953125, 0.80859375, -1.9765625, -0.4765625, -0.37109375, -0.55859375, 0.412109375, 0.76953125, -0.28125, 0.57421875, -0.48046875, 1.296875, 0.205078125, 1.203125, -1.484375, -0.51953125, -0.78125, 0.23046875, 0.60546875, 0.59765625, 0.53125, 0.3203125, 1.9296875, -0.65234375, -0.8125, -0.1474609375, 0.158203125, -0.3828125, 1.78125, 0.4609375, 0.41015625, 1.3828125, 1.421875, 0.984375, -0.765625, -1.4765625, 0.5, -1.109375, 0.94140625, 0.671875, 1.03125, -0.21484375, 1.9140625, -0.400390625, 0.150390625, -0.76171875, 0.578125, 0.474609375, 0.2158203125, -1.6640625, -1.5625, 0.004150390625, 0.8359375, -0.77734375, 0.55859375, 0.671875, 0.75, -0.765625, -0.21875, -0.373046875, -0.0576171875, -0.322265625, -0.65234375, 0.88671875, -0.51171875, -0.0947265625, -0.546875, 0.6875, -1.046875, -0.3828125, -0.087890625, -1.2734375, -1.4921875, 1.4609375, 1, -0.062255859375, 1.3828125, 0.0147705078125, -0.58203125, -0.1796875, 1.3203125, 0.0947265625, -0.9609375, -0.5, 1.5, -0.28125, -1.890625, -0.56640625, -0.9765625, 0.3125, -0.1640625, -0.3984375, 0.59375, -1.1015625, -1.140625, -0.09326171875, 0.9921875, 0.75390625, -0.84375, -1.125, 2.1875, 0.1904296875, 0.482421875, 0.8046875, -1.4296875, 0.76171875, -1, -1.015625, -0.035400390625, 0.69140625, 1.96875, 0.035888671875, -1.2265625, -1.90625, 0.2578125, -0.033447265625, 0.447265625, 2.21875, -0.57421875, -1.1875, 1.5859375, 0.400390625, -0.9609375, 0.48828125, -0.05029296875, 0.1884765625, -1.2578125, 1.1953125, 1.421875, -0.6953125, -0.9921875, 0.70703125, 1.0625, 0.66796875, -2.390625, -1.9296875, 0.734375, 0.2275390625, -0.8125, -0.06298828125, 0.625, -1.46875, -0.51171875, -1.53125, -1.0625, -0.59375, 0.361328125, 0.3984375, -0.9765625, 0.412109375, 0.91015625, 0.279296875, 0.9296875, -2.1875, -1.046875, -0.1953125, -0.66015625, -1.609375, -0.9609375, -1.0859375, 1.0546875, 0.447265625, 0.515625, 0.490234375, 1.75, 0.314453125, -0.87890625, 0.9453125, -1.484375, 1.1640625, 0.384765625, -1.703125, 1.3671875, 1.78125, -0.2275390625, 0.181640625, -0.478515625, -0.7578125, 0.37890625, 1.6484375, -0.578125, 0.68359375, 1.46875, -0.08935546875, -0.134765625, 0.07763671875, 1.9296875, 0.42578125, -0.451171875, -0.1669921875, -0.8515625, -0.70703125, 1.0390625, 0.765625, 1.296875, 0.421875, -0.365234375, 0.1953125, -1.6640625, -0.392578125, 0.00958251953125, -0.49609375, -0.859375, 0.4921875, 1.8046875, -0.7578125, -0.234375, -0.138671875, 0.051025390625, -0.20703125, -0.74609375, -1.6484375, -0.6875, 1.046875, 0.76953125, 0.095703125, -0.380859375, 0.2216796875, -0.18359375, -2.125, -0.64453125, 0.279296875, -1.1953125, 0.0830078125, -1.046875, -1.328125, -0.08642578125, -0.31640625, 1.078125, 0.8203125, 1.0390625, -0.51953125, -1.7109375, -0.625, -0.44140625, -1.7578125, 0.5078125, 1.109375, -0.91015625, 0.47265625, 1.0390625, 2.25, -0.494140625, 1.1640625, -0.15625, -0.349609375, -0.81640625, 1.515625, -0.94921875, -0.51953125, -0.76171875, -0.421875, 1.5546875, 1.59375, -1.0625, 0.62890625, 1.046875, 0.28515625, 1.234375, 0.361328125, -1.640625, 0.384765625, 0.15625, 1.140625, 0.220703125, -0.58984375, 1.03125, -0.4453125, -0.294921875, -1.078125, 0.0172119140625, -0.77734375, -0.25390625, -0.435546875, 0.0130615234375, 1.375, 0.68359375, 0.65234375, -0.275390625, -0.328125, -2.46875, 0.73828125, -0.470703125, 1.2265625, 0.294921875, -1.1171875, -1.6015625, -0.1298828125, 0.52734375, -0.162109375, 1.1640625, -0.2216796875, -1.5078125, 0.671875, -0.400390625, 1.4765625, 0.02490234375, -1.28125, 1.453125, 1.71875, -0.259765625, 0.65234375, -0.12255859375, 0.337890625, 0.53125, 0.765625, -0.36328125, -0.5390625, -0.71875, 1.984375, 0.138671875, -0.060791015625, -0.421875, 0.94921875, 0.10546875, 0.42578125, 0.57421875, 1.875, 2.375, -1.0625, -0.6875, -0.337890625, 1.59375, -1.4375, 0.4921875, -0.98828125, 1.640625, 0.703125, 1.2421875, 0.470703125, 0.8203125, 0.396484375, 1.4921875, 0.54296875, 1.296875, -0.7421875, -0.1416015625, 0.5625, 0.2109375, 0.498046875, -0.337890625, -0.82421875, -0.953125, 1.4609375, -0.302734375, 0.91015625, -0.263671875, -0.103515625, -0.3203125, -1.6328125, 0.796875, -1.078125, -0.043701171875, -1.2734375, 1.46875, -1.0859375, -0.294921875, -0.0135498046875, 0.259765625, 0.23828125, -0.90234375, -0.099609375, -0.76171875, 0.451171875, -0.396484375, -0.0289306640625, -1.5234375, 0.953125, 1.1796875, -0.1220703125, -0.072265625, -0.162109375, 0.89453125, -0.400390625, -0.734375, 0.74609375, -1.5703125, -0.60546875, 0.490234375, 0.859375, -0.37890625, -1.3828125, 0.06787109375, -0.56640625, -0.17578125, -0.9609375, -0.208984375, 1.8125, 0.33984375, 0.244140625, 0.2734375, 0.38671875, 2.125, 1.4140625, -1.84375, -1.59375, -0.921875, -0.2578125, 0.29296875, -1.5625, -0.061767578125, 0.9296875, 0.88671875, -0.66796875, 0.3984375, -1.1875, 0.1318359375, 0.8203125, -0.26171875, 0.7421875, -0.78515625, -0.734375, 1.078125, 1.53125, 1.4375, -0.48046875, -1.0390625, -0.494140625, 0.369140625, 0.8671875, 1.0625, 1.671875, 0.83984375, 0.66796875, 0.44921875, 0.33984375, 0.76171875, 0.005645751953125, 0.055908203125, -1.984375, -0.79296875, -1.0859375, 0.640625, 1.1015625, -0.30859375, -0.1416015625, -1.609375, 1.265625, -0.28125, -1.78125, 1.8046875, 0.337890625, 0.828125, -0.59765625, -1.3359375, -1.0546875, 0.40234375, 0.9765625, -0.4296875, 0.03125, 1.0625, -2.46875, 1.2265625, 1.5703125, 2.546875, -1.421875, -0.57421875, -0.53515625, 1.0234375, 1.453125, -0.384765625, -0.06005859375, -2.109375, -0.5703125, -0.29296875, -1.40625, 1.2578125, 0.515625, -0.14453125, 2.046875, -0.87109375, -0.5234375, -0.97265625, -1.96875, 0.171875, -0.890625, 0.8203125, -0.828125, 0.0751953125, -0.251953125, 1.1171875, -0.0284423828125, -0.498046875, -0.6953125, 0.0152587890625, -0.1513671875, -1, 0.75, 0.478515625, 1.6953125, 0.1513671875, -0.6171875, 0.91796875, -0.70703125, -0.123046875, -1.03125, 0.25390625, 0.4140625, 1.65625, -1.3984375, 0.59375, -0.224609375, -0.69140625, -0.310546875, -1.203125, -0.6171875, -0.00058746337890625, -0.044921875, 0.89453125, -1.2265625, -0.357421875, 0.458984375, -0.1142578125, -1.09375, 1.7265625, -0.1513671875, 0.376953125, 0.59375, 0.33984375, -0.671875, 0.42578125, -0.8515625, -0.8515625, 0.53125, -0.248046875, -0.66796875, 0.12109375, -0.0159912109375, 0.3359375, 1.2421875, 1.5078125, -0.078125, -1.34375, -0.52734375, -0.29296875, 1.234375, 1.390625, 0.625, -0.388671875, 0.55859375, 0.0634765625, -0.2001953125, 0.0003376007080078125, -1.1015625, 0.9921875, -0.345703125, -0.35546875, 0.84375, -2.203125, -0.76171875, 0.431640625, 0.142578125, 0.439453125, -1.296875, -0.232421875, -1.5, -0.5859375, -0.11669921875, -0.29296875, 0.46484375, -0.27734375, 1.796875, 0.1484375, -0.15625, 0.5234375, -0.6015625, 0.9375, 1.5390625, -0.26953125, 0.443359375, -1.2109375, 0.61328125, -0.419921875, -0.94921875, 0.859375, -0.7421875, -1.5, -0.62890625, -0.392578125, 0.04150390625, 1.1328125, 1.015625, -0.5546875, 1.265625, -0.1962890625, 1.453125, 1.1171875, -1.1640625, 0.16796875, -0.55859375, -0.010986328125, -0.310546875, 0.353515625, -0.91796875, 0.796875, -0.4140625, -0.00946044921875, -0.265625, 1.015625, -2.0625, 0.5390625, -0.271484375, -0.00592041015625, -0.625, -0.4453125, -0.3046875, 0.46875, -0.2119140625, 0.7734375, -0.61328125, -0.61328125, -0.69140625, 0.361328125, -1.4375, -0.271484375, 0.1279296875, -1.1328125, 0.09521484375, 0.3046875, 1.09375, 0.6328125, -0.234375, 0.263671875, 0.703125, 0.040771484375, 0.3125, 1.1796875, 0.359375, -0.921875, -0.115234375, -0.93359375, 0.291015625, 0.57421875, -1.796875, 0.625, 0.318359375, 1.828125, 0.3046875, 0.2197265625, 0.6015625, 0.30859375, 0.33984375, -0.8671875, 0.158203125, 1.1328125, -0.41796875, 1.1953125, -1.1484375, 0.2490234375, 0.376953125, 0.5078125, -0.74609375, -0.28515625, -0.55859375, -1.5546875, -1.578125, 0.53515625, 0.83203125, -0.703125, 0.70703125, -0.62109375, -1.609375, 0.423828125, 1.3046875, 0.00616455078125, 0.365234375, 0.6953125, -0.99609375, -1.875, -0.63671875, 0.6484375, 0.6015625, 0.98046875, -0.59375, -0.2734375, 1.0546875, -0.890625, -0.1767578125, -0.35546875, -0.06982421875, 0.236328125, -1.0859375, 1.2265625, -0.94921875, -0.036376953125, 0.400390625, 0.318359375, 0.20703125, 0.62890625, -1.1015625, -0.4296875, -1.125, 0.5078125, 0.265625, -0.09716796875, -0.30078125, 1.4609375, 1.0390625, -1.703125, -0.73828125, 0.56640625, -0.5234375, -0.2734375, 1.640625, -2.078125, 1.0234375, -0.2578125, 0.50390625, -0.337890625, 0.70703125, -0.91015625, 0.1845703125, 0.1669921875, -1.25, -0.57421875, -0.546875, 1.40625, -1.1640625, -0.318359375, 0.408203125, -1.4765625, 2.109375, 0.59765625, -0.52734375, -0.6171875, -0.5390625, 0.1708984375, -0.56640625, 1.0546875, 0.2490234375, -0.040283203125, -2.09375, -0.828125, -0.58203125, 0.57421875, -0.26953125, -0.94921875, -0.58203125, 0.18359375, 0.38671875, 1.0703125, -0.11669921875, -0.73046875, 0.75390625, 0.6875, 0.361328125, -0.1640625, -0.462890625, 0.37890625, -0.431640625, -1.3984375, -0.357421875, 1.2265625, 0.78125, 0.283203125, 1.5, 0.71875, -1.296875, 1.1875, 0.66015625, 0.80859375, 0.7890625, 1.0234375, -0.052001953125, -0.1201171875, -1.1875, -0.69921875, 0.80078125, -0.55078125, -0.126953125, -0.2578125, -1.3984375, -0.01104736328125, -1.421875, -1.0703125, -0.703125, -0.28515625, 0.8671875, -0.154296875, -0.0859375, -0.3515625, 2.546875, -0.255859375, -0.337890625, 1.2109375, 1.25, 1.09375, -1.5703125, 1.1484375, -0.16796875, 0.1845703125, 0.474609375, 0.25, -0.60546875, 0.1435546875, 0.82421875, -2.203125, 0.05029296875, -0.1845703125, -0.8984375, 0.96875, 1.125, -0.25, 0.875, 0.0024261474609375, 0.470703125, 1.8671875, -0.06689453125, -0.91796875, 0.1474609375, -0.95703125, -0.412109375, 1.6796875, -0.8359375, 1.203125, 1.3671875, 1.1953125, 0.5390625, 0.080078125, -1.09375, -1.125, -1.4296875, 2.28125, -0.546875, 0.84765625, -1.4921875, 0.7265625, 0.08984375, -1.1875, -0.8515625, -1.3125, 0.2431640625, 0.384765625, 0.390625, -1.125, -0.17578125, -0.359375, -0.3359375, 2.125, 0.81640625, -0.251953125, 0.318359375, 0.99609375, -0.484375, 0.1279296875, 1.2421875, 0.6484375, -0.8828125, 0.21484375, -0.0771484375, -0.267578125, 0.61328125, 1.6796875, -0.140625, 1.4296875, 0.5, 0.26171875, 1.390625, -0.10009765625, 0.10986328125, -1.3515625, 0.1259765625, -0.0257568359375, -0.443359375, 0.953125, 0.51171875, 2.046875, 0.82421875, 0.62890625, -0.98828125, 0.96484375, -0.130859375, 0.431640625, 1.140625, -0.15234375, 0.37109375, -0.96875, -0.90234375, -1.9765625, 2.15625, -0.8203125, 1.4921875, -1.390625, 0.306640625, -0.05126953125, -1.4140625, -0.99609375, -0.46875, 0.1552734375, 0.609375, -0.90625, 0.25390625, -0.859375, 0.255859375, 1.953125, 1.765625, 0.07861328125, 2.3125, 0.1943359375, -0.2353515625, 1.5, 0.76171875, -0.828125, -0.90625, 0.3671875, -1.1875, 0.376953125, 0.875, -2.421875, 0.431640625, 1.421875, 1.3515625, -0.228515625, -0.765625, 1.1953125, 0.15234375, 0.130859375, -0.6796875, 0.2001953125, 0.5859375, 0.244140625, -0.7265625, 0.04345703125, 0.234375, 0.443359375, 0.48828125, 1.6171875, 1.1015625, 0.62890625, 1.3203125, -0.30078125, 0.50390625, -0.82421875, 0.5546875, -1.2734375, -1.296875, -0.734375, 0.8046875, -1.2421875, 0.31640625, 0.486328125, 0.357421875, 0.7734375, -0.88671875, -1.09375, 1.2421875, 0.76171875, 0.92578125, -0.31640625, 0.462890625, -1.2265625, 1.5234375, 0.53515625, -1.140625, -0.1142578125, 0.169921875, -0.93359375, 0.28125, 1.2421875, -0.8203125, 1.0546875, -0.028564453125, 0.423828125, 0.337890625, -1.46875, 1.046875, 1.7578125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1530398273
Australian occupational therapists' use of an online evidence‐based practice database (OTseeker)
Abstract Introduction: Online databases can support the implementation of evidence‐based practice by providing easy access to research. OTseeker ( http://www.otseeker.com ), an electronic evidence database, was introduced in 2003 to assist occupational therapists to locate and interpret research. Objectives: This study explored Australian occupational therapists’ use and perceptions of OTseeker and its impact on their knowledge and practice. Methods: A postal survey questionnaire was distributed to two samples: (i) a proportionate random sample of 400 occupational therapists from all states and territories of Australia, and (ii) a random sample of occupational therapists working in 95 facilities in two Australian states (Queensland and New South Wales). Results: The questionnaire was completed by 213 participants. While most participants (85.9%) had heard of OTseeker, only 103 (56.6%) had accessed it, with lack of time being the main reason for non‐use. Of the 103 participants who had accessed OTseeker, 68.9% had done so infrequently, 63.1% agreed that it had increased their knowledge and 13.6% had changed their practice after accessing information on OTseeker. Conclusion: Despite OTseeker being developed to provide occupational therapists with easy access to research, lack of time was the main reason why over half of the participants in this study had not accessed it. This exploratory research suggests, however, that there is potential for the database to influence occupational therapists’ knowledge and practice about treatment efficacy through access to the research literature.
[ 1.2265625, 0.83984375, 0.97265625, -1.5390625, -0.1005859375, -0.8046875, -2.171875, 1.0078125, 0.1533203125, -1.7890625, -0.984375, -0.00958251953125, 1.125, 0.5859375, 0.462890625, -0.70703125, 0.01397705078125, -1.21875, -1.1875, -1.1953125, -1.9609375, 0.5078125, -0.84375, 0.41015625, 0.64453125, 0.1796875, 0.1123046875, -0.482421875, -0.4765625, 0.56640625, -0.006744384765625, 1.2890625, -2.203125, -0.462890625, 0.5546875, -0.47265625, 0.26171875, 1.078125, -0.94921875, -0.5859375, 1.8359375, -1.828125, 1.484375, 0.73046875, 0.01287841796875, 1.4765625, -0.2177734375, -0.054443359375, -0.796875, -0.04931640625, -0.83984375, 1.53125, 2.609375, -0.79296875, 0.36328125, 1.8984375, -1.5703125, 0.21875, -0.86328125, -1.15625, -0.875, -1.109375, -0.76953125, -1.0546875, 0.6796875, 0.1220703125, -0.6328125, 0.45703125, 0.134765625, -0.0810546875, 0.984375, 0.2021484375, 0.765625, 1.1328125, 1.828125, -0.5078125, 0.11279296875, -0.83984375, 1.046875, 0.546875, 1.6640625, -0.490234375, -0.263671875, 1.1171875, -1.828125, -0.9296875, -1.25, 1.65625, 0.3359375, 0.99609375, -0.6484375, 2.484375, -0.5703125, -0.078125, 0.96875, 0.5859375, 0.375, -0.443359375, -0.7890625, 2.1875, -0.78125, -0.30859375, 0.66015625, -0.1787109375, -0.65625, 0.25390625, -1.7265625, -0.4140625, -2.875, 0.1416015625, 0.07080078125, -0.91015625, 0.6328125, 0.52734375, 1.0234375, 0.59765625, 1.5390625, 0.62890625, 0.7890625, -1.953125, 1.8359375, -2.671875, 1.625, 0.09716796875, 0.95703125, 0.31640625, 0.431640625, -0.14453125, 0.6640625, 0.047607421875, -0.42578125, 0.462890625, 0.047119140625, 0.2392578125, -0.41015625, -0.57421875, -1.078125, 0.1298828125, 2.1875, 0.259765625, -1.0625, 0.375, -0.396484375, -0.578125, -1.7421875, -0.267578125, 2.109375, -0.09375, -1.21875, 0.6953125, -0.6796875, 0.0791015625, -0.42578125, 0.263671875, 0.81640625, 0.021484375, -0.435546875, 2.09375, -0.71875, -0.259765625, -1, -0.8203125, 1.375, 0.162109375, 1.171875, 0.5234375, -0.69921875, 1.7578125, 1.0703125, -0.01458740234375, 0.796875, -0.87890625, 0.6640625, -0.3515625, 1.6875, -1.4609375, -1.6171875, 1.1015625, -0.025634765625, -0.318359375, 0.12158203125, 2.5625, -0.1767578125, 0.020263671875, 0.984375, -0.625, -0.1474609375, -0.2890625, -0.484375, 1.109375, 0.1669921875, -1.296875, -1.109375, 1.6328125, -0.369140625, -2.25, 0.8671875, 1.1015625, -0.451171875, 0.177734375, -1.3984375, 1.4140625, 1.03125, -0.6171875, 1.078125, 0.64453125, 0.77734375, 0.58203125, 1.546875, 2.140625, -0.73828125, -1.28125, -0.6015625, -0.05908203125, 0.22265625, -0.09814453125, -0.13671875, 0.20703125, -0.54296875, -1.2421875, 1.6875, -0.6015625, 0.21484375, -0.2109375, -1.4609375, -3.484375, 1.015625, 0.1669921875, -0.93359375, -0.287109375, 0.1767578125, -0.06201171875, -1.5390625, -0.37109375, 0.73828125, 0.4375, 0.96875, 0.7109375, 0.1513671875, -0.73046875, 1.0390625, -0.7734375, 0.1484375, 0.1142578125, 2.0625, 0.07470703125, 1.5390625, -0.361328125, -0.498046875, -0.373046875, 1.671875, 0.5, -0.5234375, -0.337890625, -0.55078125, -1.5625, 0.71484375, 0.96484375, 1.4140625, -0.50390625, 0.11767578125, 0.88671875, -0.21484375, 0.333984375, -1.609375, -0.62109375, -1.1171875, -0.51171875, -0.80078125, 2.46875, 0.296875, -0.59765625, -0.953125, 2.203125, -1.1484375, 0.05029296875, 0.609375, -0.462890625, -0.2373046875, 0.41796875, -0.52734375, -1.25, 0.365234375, -1.21875, -0.51953125, 0.326171875, 0.44140625, 0.0419921875, -1.296875, -1.1875, 0.6640625, -1.9296875, -0.328125, 0.83203125, 0.1005859375, -0.1796875, 2.484375, 0.640625, 0.51953125, -0.0615234375, -0.0673828125, 1.875, 1.2265625, -1.1171875, 1.484375, -0.06982421875, -1.3359375, -0.5390625, 0.41796875, 0.3828125, 0.98046875, 1.8515625, -0.1474609375, 0.369140625, 0.37109375, -0.234375, -2.6875, -0.12158203125, -0.04833984375, -1.21875, 0.2197265625, 0.322265625, 0.27734375, -0.224609375, -0.2099609375, -1.78125, -2.234375, -1.8046875, -1.7890625, -0.3671875, -0.126953125, -0.3359375, 0.0830078125, -1.15625, -2.109375, 1.46875, 1.59375, -0.87890625, 0.91796875, -0.10888671875, 1.4296875, -1.3046875, -0.79296875, -0.76953125, -0.08154296875, -1.9921875, -0.17578125, 0.0015716552734375, 2.765625, -3.078125, 0.302734375, 0.30859375, 1.65625, -0.70703125, -0.038818359375, 0.72265625, 1.4609375, -1.421875, -0.404296875, 1.2734375, 1.921875, 0.5234375, 0.625, 0.8984375, -0.7421875, 2.3125, -0.5234375, -0.93359375, -0.011962890625, -0.00836181640625, 0.86328125, -0.306640625, 0.515625, 1.59375, 0.2353515625, 0.267578125, -0.392578125, -0.08349609375, 0.7734375, 2.125, -0.9375, 0.765625, -0.189453125, 1.5859375, 0.921875, 1.8203125, -0.78515625, -0.62109375, -1.4140625, 0.146484375, 0.67578125, 0.06884765625, -1.765625, -0.6015625, 0.232421875, -1.015625, 1.8984375, 0.7890625, -1.03125, -1.0390625, 0.99609375, -0.52734375, 0.040771484375, -1.15625, -1.140625, 1.3828125, -1.7578125, -0.63671875, 0.013916015625, 0.81640625, 0.35546875, -0.466796875, 1.203125, 0.59765625, -1.421875, -1.2734375, -0.2294921875, -0.77734375, -0.361328125, -2.578125, 0.470703125, -0.3828125, 0.609375, -0.01531982421875, -0.4375, -0.455078125, 1.953125, 1.84375, -1.7265625, 0.171875, 1.8203125, 0.1171875, 0.1845703125, -1.3984375, -0.66015625, -0.435546875, -0.294921875, -0.80859375, -1.2890625, 0.765625, -0.8046875, -1.203125, 0.65625, 0.94921875, 0.6484375, 2.171875, -0.140625, -0.138671875, 0.443359375, -0.416015625, -1.28125, -0.72265625, -1.8671875, -1.53125, -0.73828125, -1.1171875, -2.09375, -0.77734375, -0.98046875, 0.3359375, -1.3515625, -2.21875, 0.228515625, 0.0654296875, 1.984375, -0.5859375, 1.4765625, -0.2421875, -1.9140625, 0.71484375, 0.5546875, 0.3671875, -1.2421875, -1.3515625, 1.25, -0.004608154296875, -0.22265625, 0.48828125, 1.0546875, 0.039794921875, 2.40625, 0.27734375, -0.62109375, 0.6328125, 0.25, -0.33203125, -0.1953125, 0.37109375, 0.7265625, -0.31640625, 0.65625, 0.2578125, 0.3359375, 0.0849609375, 1.8828125, -0.515625, 2.21875, 1.359375, -0.28125, 0.2470703125, -0.71484375, -0.404296875, -1.5546875, -0.92578125, 1.875, 1.1328125, -0.283203125, -0.1943359375, -1.7890625, 0.703125, 1.46875, 2.234375, -0.9609375, -0.20703125, 0.32421875, -1.3359375, 2.828125, -0.2470703125, 0.30078125, -0.7890625, -0.890625, -1.1484375, -0.84765625, 1.3515625, -0.1962890625, -1.3125, 2.90625, -0.14453125, -0.41015625, -0.44140625, 0.388671875, -1.046875, 0.59765625, 0.369140625, 0.353515625, 0.408203125, 0.4375, -0.48828125, 0.80078125, 0.51953125, -0.33984375, -0.11474609375, 0.1728515625, -0.474609375, 1.6484375, 0.1826171875, 1.46875, 0.369140625, 0.83984375, -0.53515625, -1.6015625, -0.609375, -0.380859375, 0.154296875, 0.263671875, 1.71875, -0.89453125, -0.80859375, 0.419921875, -1.8984375, -0.5625, -1.546875, -0.05322265625, 1.1171875, 0.609375, -1.46875, 0.84765625, -1.078125, 1.53125, 0.076171875, -0.04150390625, 0.28515625, 0.46484375, 1.265625, 1.9375, -0.9921875, -1.4609375, -0.400390625, -1.140625, -0.6328125, 1.3359375, -0.01275634765625, 0.0859375, 0.91015625, -0.470703125, 1.1640625, 0.9609375, -1.2890625, -0.6875, -0.357421875, -3.53125, -1.453125, 0.57421875, -0.75, 0.1416015625, 0.353515625, 0.27734375, 1.4375, -0.57421875, -0.034912109375, -0.36328125, -0.2158203125, -0.63671875, 0.38671875, -0.376953125, -0.224609375, -0.11962890625, -0.181640625, -1.0625, -0.89453125, -1.171875, -1.0546875, -0.98828125, -1.0078125, 1.203125, -1.140625, 1.484375, -0.58984375, 0.1875, 1.8203125, -0.0177001953125, -0.24609375, 0.453125, 2.671875, 1.640625, -0.47265625, -0.546875, -0.65625, -0.796875, 1.2109375, -1.6875, -0.0576171875, 0.90625, -0.98828125, -1.0078125, -0.8671875, -1.15625, 0.365234375, 2.375, -0.453125, 1.3671875, 1.9375, -0.23046875, -1.9296875, 1.6953125, 0.62109375, -1.109375, -0.2734375, -1.5859375, 1.0234375, -1.984375, 1.59375, -1.078125, -0.2470703125, -0.96484375, 1.59375, -0.9921875, 0.337890625, -0.73046875, -0.3046875, 1.5625, 1.078125, 1.1875, 0.361328125, 1.53125, -0.02734375, 0.46875, -0.8984375, -0.6796875, 0.51171875, -1.1484375, -0.185546875, 0.5546875, 2.234375, 0.53515625, -0.52734375, -0.87109375, 1.4296875, 1.140625, 0.67578125, 0.482421875, -0.1962890625, -0.5625, 0.890625, -0.14453125, -0.06640625, -1.234375, -0.6171875, -0.478515625, 0.3671875, 0.251953125, -0.298828125, 0.58203125, 1.203125, 1.890625, 1.984375, -0.28125, -0.99609375, -0.310546875, -0.1474609375, 0.294921875, -1.7578125, 1.484375, 0.6484375, -0.63671875, -0.158203125, -0.197265625, 0.1748046875, -1.265625, 1.0625, 0.9609375, 0.031494140625, -1.640625, -0.337890625, 0.73046875, -0.3046875, -1.1328125, -1.7734375, -1.3984375, -0.94921875, -0.6484375, 2.671875, 1.6796875, -0.87890625, 0.42578125, 0.216796875, -0.1943359375, 0.6640625, 0.486328125, 0.5078125, 0.06982421875, 1.171875, 1.3203125, -0.244140625, 0.0225830078125, 0.96484375, 0.10986328125, 2.734375, 0.55078125, -0.2119140625, -1.125, 0.4609375, -0.63671875, -1.2109375, -0.546875, -0.87890625, 1.171875, -1.9609375, 0.59765625, -1.46875, 0.353515625, -0.62890625, -1.5625, 0.78515625, -0.42578125, -0.3828125, -0.9609375, 0.216796875, -0.1865234375, -2.0625, 2.28125, -0.8984375, 0.1611328125, -1.921875, 0.421875, 0.74609375, -1.1171875, 0.30078125, -1.234375, 1.7109375, -0.94921875, 0.248046875, 0.57421875, 1.078125, 0.04638671875, -0.314453125, 0.44921875, 0.0244140625, -1.65625, 0.953125, -0.98046875, -0.7109375, 0.50390625, 1.0078125, -0.107421875, 0.1357421875, 0.4921875, -0.9453125, 0.6484375, -0.201171875, -0.1953125, -0.1015625, -1.0859375, -0.3671875, -1.1328125, -0.2392578125, 0.86328125, 1.1875, -1.3046875, -0.0380859375, 0.396484375, -1.1328125, 0.98828125, -0.26953125, -1.375, 0.93359375, -0.486328125, 0.46484375, -0.765625, 1.15625, -0.0673828125, -1.421875, 2.140625, 0.2119140625, 0.10107421875, 0.85546875, -0.9453125, -0.224609375, 0.384765625, -0.015869140625, -0.53125, 0.263671875, 0.8671875, -0.42578125, 0.365234375, 1.1015625, -0.90234375, -0.80078125, -3.0625, 0.328125, -2.046875, -2.203125, -2.171875, 0.205078125, 0.6875, 1.5625, -0.8046875, -0.74609375, -1.1875, 2.296875, -0.34375, 0.44140625, 2.6875, 0.875, -0.44921875, -1.28125, -1.4453125, 0.234375, -1.5078125, -1.9921875, 1.28125, -2.140625, 0.65625, -1.0625, 0.48046875, 0.55078125, -0.126953125, -1.1796875, 1.0234375, -0.154296875, 0.365234375, 0.69140625, 1.6953125, 3.015625, 0.2294921875, -0.2373046875, -0.36328125, 0.1298828125, -0.58984375, 0.58984375, -0.75, 0.98046875, 0.439453125, 2.25, 0.0002651214599609375, -0.08056640625, -0.81640625, -0.7421875, 0.04541015625, 4.21875, -0.78125, -1.7109375, -0.1572265625, -0.515625, -1.1796875, -2.34375, 0.71484375, -0.0031890869140625, -0.10595703125, -1.515625, 1.3984375, -0.63671875, -1.640625, -1.3046875, -0.62890625, 0.84765625, 1.28125, 1.28125, -1.1875, 1.9921875, -0.14453125, 0.146484375, 1.859375, 1.3515625, -2.265625, 0.83984375, -1.1171875, -0.455078125, 0.58984375, 1.375, -0.91015625, 0.177734375, 0.2197265625, -1.125, -0.3203125, -0.5390625, 0.66796875, 0.78515625, 0.6484375, 0.2109375, -0.09619140625, -0.267578125, -0.83203125, 0.6015625, -1.7265625, 1.234375, -1.640625, -0.000568389892578125, -1.265625, -1.0078125, -0.83984375, -0.158203125, 0.326171875, -2.0625, -1.03125, -1.3984375, 0.0289306640625, -0.6015625, 1.6015625, -0.376953125, 0.2255859375, 0.271484375, 0.13671875, -1.5078125, 0.41015625, 0.6484375, 1.0546875, -0.048583984375, 0.439453125, -0.24609375, 0.1845703125, 0.1201171875, -0.201171875, 0.09765625, -0.48046875, 0.73046875, 0.05322265625, 0.84375, -0.8203125, -0.451171875, -1.4140625, -0.61328125, -2.875, 1.6640625, -0.291015625, -0.71484375, 0.7578125, 1.3359375, 0.109375, 0.259765625, -1.234375, -0.62890625, -0.9296875, 1.484375, 0.375, 0.8671875, -2.625, -0.67578125, 0.9296875, 0.1494140625, 0.265625, 1.8359375, -0.1884765625, 1.7734375, 2.109375, -0.01806640625, 2.40625, 1.7265625, 0.84765625, -1.2421875, 1.3359375, 0.033447265625, 0.83984375, 1.2734375, 0.16796875, 0.61328125, 0.52734375, 1.4609375, -1.296875, 0.42578125, -0.58984375, -1.1484375, 0.10009765625, 1.546875, 2.890625, -0.79296875, 2.546875, 0.6796875, 0.4296875, -0.90625, -0.93359375, 1.0859375, -0.59765625, 0.47265625, 0.14453125, 0.63671875, 0.85546875, 0.98828125, 0.2265625, 0.8125, -2.25, -0.43359375, 0.1611328125, 1.890625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1530606093
Antibody Production in the Rabbit's Cornea
Summary When hen ovalbumin was injected into the center of the rabbit's cornea, tests for antigen and antibody in the eye tissues, lymph nodes, and serum indicated that the albumin diffused rapidly peripherally into the cornea-scleral junction tissue and anterior sclera. It remained in these tissues in readily detectable concentrations up to the time antibodies began to appear (8 days). The antigen diffused also into the aqueous fluid, but disappeared from there about 5 days after the injections. It was demonstrable in the serum in the period from 22 to 60 hours following injection. No antigen was demonstrated in the regional lymph nodes. It was indicated that the antigen reached the general circulation by way of Schlemm's canal and the blood vascular system, rather than by way of the lymphatic system. Antibodies began to appear in the eye tissues and serum at 192 hours following the corneal injection of albumin. In 3 instances antibodies were shown in the eye tissues before they appeared in the serum. In one case they appeared in the serum before they were demonstrated in the eye tissues. In most cases antibodies appeared in the eye tissues and serum simultaneously. Antibodies were readily and uniformly demonstrated in the corneal tissues at periods of 28 to 74 days following corneal injection when all traces of antibody had disappeared from the serum. In several experiments antibody was demonstrable in the anterior sclera, junction tissue, or peripheral cornea, while antigen was still present in the tissues closer to the point of injection at the center of the cornea. Antibodies were never demonstrated in the regional lymph nodes (preauricular, submaxillary, cervical). Following the injection of hen ovalbumin into the right corneas, and of human serum albumin into the left corneas, the respective corneal tissues contained only antibodies against the specific antigens which they had received. By the use of absorption tests this was found to be true also even when closely related antigens, hen ovalbumin and turkey ovalbumin, were injected into the right and left corneas respectively.
[ -0.23828125, 0.103515625, 1.28125, -1.4453125, -0.6484375, -1.2421875, -2.15625, 1, 0.06884765625, -1.4921875, 0.48046875, -0.55859375, 2.0625, -0.1533203125, 0.80859375, 0.28515625, -0.046142578125, -0.09521484375, -2.203125, -1.1484375, -1.3046875, 0.7890625, -2.171875, -0.314453125, -0.26171875, 0.5625, -0.3203125, -0.47265625, -0.035888671875, 0.259765625, 1.3203125, 1.546875, -2.0625, -1.8515625, 0.2119140625, -0.21875, 0.271484375, 0.09130859375, -1.1484375, -1.0625, 2.1875, -0.578125, 0.69921875, -1.6171875, -0.1826171875, -0.69921875, -0.95703125, -0.10205078125, 0.51171875, -1.21875, 0.265625, -1.2578125, 1.5859375, 1.5703125, -0.76171875, 1.5, -1.2890625, -1.6328125, 1.4921875, -0.97265625, -0.8203125, -1.7890625, 0.9609375, 0.515625, 0.16015625, -1.7109375, 0.41796875, -0.00384521484375, -0.185546875, -0.11376953125, 0.0615234375, 1.296875, -2.046875, 0.09130859375, -0.8671875, 0.76953125, 0.6796875, -0.216796875, -0.16796875, 0.80859375, 0.193359375, -1.1171875, 1.3125, 0.111328125, -0.2734375, 1.2734375, 1.0078125, 0.50390625, 1.9375, 1.0078125, 0.07568359375, 2.109375, -2.109375, -0.48046875, -1.3828125, -0.71484375, -0.0113525390625, -0.5546875, -2.125, 0.76953125, -0.90234375, 0.53515625, 0.30078125, -0.83984375, 0.123046875, 0.2353515625, -1.046875, -0.8828125, -1.171875, -1.3984375, 1.453125, -0.1025390625, -0.10302734375, -0.58984375, 0.57421875, 0.66015625, 0.349609375, 1.984375, -0.154296875, -1.09375, -0.7734375, -1.3359375, 0.828125, 0.1376953125, 0.65625, 1.109375, -0.9765625, -0.58984375, -0.208984375, -0.6015625, 1.03125, -1.40625, -0.46875, 0.08544921875, -1.21875, -0.4921875, -0.40234375, 0.59765625, 1.484375, -0.6640625, 1.328125, 0.78515625, 0.87890625, -0.77734375, -1.0859375, 0.875, 1.09375, 0.390625, -1.0546875, 0.439453125, -0.0218505859375, -0.7890625, -0.71875, 0.8984375, -0.1279296875, -0.953125, -0.86328125, 2.25, 0.3203125, 0.478515625, -1.0078125, -1.3359375, 0.765625, 0.326171875, 0.2216796875, -1.46875, 0.00299072265625, 0.765625, 0.36328125, -2.046875, -3.171875, 0.51953125, -0.51171875, -0.5703125, 0.054443359375, -2.421875, 0.40234375, 0.65234375, 0.921875, 0.21484375, 0.55078125, 0.9453125, -1.390625, -1.46875, 0.1005859375, 1.203125, -0.26953125, 0.408203125, -0.302734375, 1.234375, 0.64453125, -3.015625, -1.828125, 0.177734375, -1.21875, -0.08251953125, 1.484375, 0.8515625, -1.0078125, -1.3671875, -1.4453125, -1.2734375, 0.91015625, -1.3125, 1.5234375, 1.5234375, 1.1640625, 0.421875, 0.82421875, 1.53125, 0.21875, 0.28125, -0.87109375, -0.3203125, -0.044677734375, -0.361328125, 0.8359375, -1.390625, -1.3203125, -0.56640625, 1.4140625, 0.7265625, -0.251953125, -0.16015625, -0.0152587890625, -1.015625, 1.4765625, -0.1201171875, -0.62890625, -0.287109375, 0.7578125, 0.2578125, -1.8828125, -1.15625, -1.15625, 0.2158203125, -0.53515625, 0.314453125, 0.13671875, 0.15625, 0.71875, 0.359375, -1.375, -0.271484375, -0.734375, 0.9609375, 0.80859375, 0.224609375, -1.03125, -0.470703125, 2.671875, -0.92578125, 0.3203125, -1.53125, 0.384765625, -0.1171875, -0.458984375, 0.64453125, 0.94921875, 0.39453125, -0.63671875, -0.259765625, -0.06884765625, -0.48046875, 0.73828125, 1.0390625, 0.73828125, -0.81640625, -0.7109375, -0.05419921875, -1.75, 0.63671875, 0.05517578125, -1.0078125, 0.5703125, 0.054443359375, -0.00058746337890625, -1.4375, 0.1875, -0.828125, -1.1875, 0.427734375, -0.87890625, -0.60546875, 0.2314453125, -0.0289306640625, 1.90625, 0.921875, 0.3046875, 0.234375, 0.02685546875, -0.84375, -1.640625, 0.6328125, 0.259765625, -0.15234375, -0.6484375, 0.484375, 0.54296875, 1.21875, 1.796875, -0.4765625, -0.51171875, 0.61328125, 1.59375, 0.2392578125, -0.259765625, -0.56640625, -0.63671875, -0.14453125, 1.140625, 0.78125, -1.625, 2.28125, 0.3671875, -0.11328125, -0.279296875, -0.93359375, 0.333984375, 0.77734375, -0.80859375, -0.427734375, -1.25, -0.0174560546875, -0.90234375, -0.8984375, -1.046875, -1.0625, -1.3515625, 0.1552734375, -0.66796875, -0.404296875, 0.54296875, -0.53125, -1.015625, -0.859375, -0.84765625, -0.4453125, 0.02001953125, 1.4765625, 1.0546875, -0.8125, -1.0625, -2.09375, 1.6875, 0.498046875, 0.55859375, 0.62109375, -0.05908203125, -1.78125, -0.22265625, -0.047119140625, 0.361328125, -0.828125, -0.99609375, 1.1015625, 0.765625, -1.6640625, -0.78515625, -0.53515625, -1.2734375, 0.057373046875, -0.546875, 1.2734375, 0.703125, 0.11083984375, 0.84765625, -1.8671875, -1.3046875, -0.2177734375, 1.328125, -2.765625, -1.46875, 1.0390625, 0.76953125, 1.609375, -0.45703125, -0.75, -0.08251953125, 0.7265625, 0.423828125, 0.1337890625, -0.0093994140625, 1.2421875, 0.96484375, 1.0546875, 0.78125, -0.62109375, -0.80078125, 1.671875, 0.423828125, 0.1982421875, -2.484375, -0.171875, 0.671875, 0.88671875, 0.68359375, -0.177734375, -0.353515625, -1.46875, -0.7265625, 0.302734375, 0.93359375, 0.4453125, 1.671875, -1.3828125, -0.404296875, -0.435546875, -0.95703125, -0.57421875, -0.51171875, -0.166015625, -0.384765625, -0.83984375, 0.58203125, 0.7578125, -0.2216796875, -0.8828125, -0.126953125, 0.138671875, 0.8203125, -1.4609375, 1.671875, -2.40625, 1.2109375, 1.90625, -0.625, 0.8984375, -1.7265625, -0.44921875, 0.006072998046875, 0.267578125, -2.140625, -1.2109375, 0.388671875, -1.65625, -0.455078125, -0.6640625, -0.96875, 0.01068115234375, -0.64453125, 0.0234375, 0.62890625, 0.61328125, 1.7890625, 1.8828125, 0.1337890625, -0.4921875, 0.1220703125, 2.359375, 0.2890625, 0.84375, -2.34375, -0.275390625, -1.1015625, 0.404296875, -0.9453125, 0.11474609375, -1.5390625, 0.1416015625, -0.4921875, -0.02978515625, -0.3515625, -0.8203125, 0.7578125, 0.53125, 0.220703125, -0.01361083984375, -0.255859375, 2.15625, 0.70703125, 0.7734375, 0.212890625, 0.38671875, 0.25, -0.1748046875, 0.875, 0.3984375, 1.7578125, 0.0966796875, -0.25, 1.5390625, -1.28125, 0.2275390625, 0.0185546875, 0.5390625, -0.2099609375, 0.04248046875, 0.30859375, -0.302734375, -0.1796875, 0.287109375, 0.8125, -0.341796875, 0.71484375, 0.25390625, -0.34765625, 0.84375, -0.46875, 0.0869140625, -0.8984375, -3.09375, -2.96875, 0.5234375, 0.609375, -0.75, 0.0018310546875, -0.72265625, -3.109375, 0.240234375, 1.6015625, 1.7734375, -0.8515625, -0.193359375, 0.08984375, 1.015625, 0.375, -0.265625, 1.40625, -0.65234375, -0.51953125, -0.37890625, -0.73828125, -0.7265625, 1.1953125, -1.0234375, 2.1875, -0.482421875, -1.3515625, -0.3203125, -1.375, -0.2138671875, 0.3515625, 0.50390625, 0.78515625, -0.83984375, 0.75390625, 0.7421875, 0.4375, -0.55078125, -0.921875, 0.4375, 0.39453125, 0.49609375, 1.4140625, 1.0546875, -0.041259765625, 1.9453125, -1.4921875, 0.46484375, -0.2265625, -1.2578125, -0.73046875, -0.671875, -1.953125, -0.042236328125, -1.1796875, -1.3515625, 0.6484375, -0.451171875, -0.142578125, 0.00396728515625, -1.078125, 0.3359375, 0.421875, -0.6796875, 0.5703125, -0.50390625, 1.5234375, 0.66796875, -1.140625, -0.87109375, 0.380859375, 1.5546875, 0.73046875, -0.796875, -3.09375, -0.890625, -0.1474609375, -0.99609375, 0.333984375, 0.8515625, -0.9609375, 0.2265625, -0.62109375, 1.2578125, 2.1875, 0.765625, -0.0517578125, -1.734375, -0.212890625, -0.48046875, 0.94140625, 1.1171875, -0.310546875, 0.384765625, 0.4140625, 1.4765625, 0.380859375, 0.353515625, 1.234375, 0.64453125, 0.42578125, -1.2734375, -0.384765625, 0.205078125, 0.83203125, -1.09375, -1.5, 0.435546875, -0.361328125, -0.80078125, 0.267578125, 1.4921875, 0.341796875, -0.6796875, 1.234375, -1.0859375, -0.1796875, -0.37890625, -1.328125, -0.26953125, -0.4296875, 1.3515625, -0.044921875, -0.63671875, -0.73828125, -1.6796875, 0.447265625, 0.11572265625, -1.25, 1.4453125, -1.40625, -1.4765625, -0.439453125, -0.578125, 0.48046875, -0.6796875, 1.296875, 0.326171875, 1.1328125, -0.78125, 0.455078125, -0.40234375, -0.59375, 0.3203125, -0.51171875, -0.0537109375, 0.54296875, 2.03125, 0.1025390625, -0.61328125, -0.88671875, -0.5390625, 0.2265625, 1.1875, -1.0546875, -1.3046875, 0.185546875, 0.451171875, -0.0135498046875, -0.16796875, 0.27734375, -0.11962890625, 1.4375, 0.2451171875, 0.67578125, -1.2421875, -0.39453125, 0.42578125, 0.314453125, 0.01409912109375, 0.96484375, 1.6171875, -0.84765625, 0.8359375, 0.83203125, 0.96484375, 1.7109375, 1.2421875, -0.78515625, -0.8203125, 1.0546875, -0.6796875, 1.1640625, 0.26171875, -2.078125, 0.11572265625, 0.62890625, -1.078125, 0.3203125, 1.328125, 0.26953125, 1.2109375, 0.048095703125, -0.41015625, 1.8671875, 1.53125, -0.10302734375, -0.380859375, -0.98828125, 1.265625, -0.68359375, 0.296875, -1.3671875, -0.8359375, 1.1171875, 1.203125, -0.5078125, 0.59375, 1.140625, -0.421875, -0.455078125, 1.109375, 0.06640625, 0.71875, 1.8359375, -0.357421875, 0.376953125, -0.2294921875, 0.4296875, -1.0625, 0.74609375, -0.1025390625, -0.83984375, -0.8203125, -0.31640625, 0.97265625, -0.54296875, 1.6953125, -0.40625, -1.6171875, -0.1015625, -0.59765625, 0.216796875, 1.34375, 0.33203125, 0.38671875, 0.0264892578125, 1.1328125, -0.2109375, 0.59765625, 1.8984375, -0.91015625, -1.75, 1.21875, -1.125, -2, -0.62109375, -0.1484375, 1, 0.68359375, -0.1630859375, 1.8046875, 0.6796875, -0.91015625, -0.8046875, -0.1083984375, 0.75390625, -1.7109375, -0.41796875, -0.37109375, 1.40625, -0.28125, 2.625, 0.8359375, -0.3125, -0.73828125, -0.2734375, 1.8828125, -1.0546875, -0.44140625, 0.6015625, 0.33203125, -0.3203125, 0.384765625, 0.609375, -2.015625, -0.59765625, 0.5859375, -0.73046875, 0.5390625, 0.07958984375, -0.63671875, -1.703125, 0.1572265625, 1.1015625, 0.671875, 0.4375, -0.69140625, -0.326171875, -0.150390625, -1.1640625, -0.1357421875, 2, 0.74609375, 1.8671875, 1.5078125, 0.69140625, 0.3515625, 1.6015625, -0.26953125, -1.3828125, -0.95703125, 1.390625, 0.5703125, -0.07470703125, -0.796875, -0.447265625, -0.1640625, 1.46875, -0.86328125, 0.380859375, -0.890625, -2.59375, -0.041015625, 0.466796875, -0.73828125, -0.63671875, 1.65625, -1.0390625, -0.034423828125, 0.169921875, -0.1318359375, 0.171875, -0.98046875, 0.10595703125, -0.08251953125, -2.0625, 0.09228515625, -0.27734375, -1.8984375, -0.46875, 0.0986328125, -1.796875, -0.6953125, 0.67578125, 0.030029296875, 0.73046875, -0.375, -1.296875, 0.953125, 0.84765625, 2.0625, -0.232421875, 0.484375, -0.46484375, 0.306640625, 0.60546875, -1.0078125, 1.6328125, -1.1953125, 0.10546875, 0.890625, 0.2080078125, 0.490234375, -0.80859375, -0.06494140625, 0.25390625, 1.078125, 1.25, 1.7890625, 0.703125, 2.359375, 0.022705078125, -0.35546875, -0.322265625, -0.57421875, -1.515625, 1.375, -0.90234375, 0.9609375, -0.052490234375, 0.78515625, -0.73828125, -0.376953125, -0.404296875, -1.1015625, 0.028564453125, 1.6484375, -1.3046875, -0.09521484375, 0.88671875, -0.1865234375, 0.38671875, -1.5703125, 0.1806640625, -0.890625, -0.01556396484375, 0.07373046875, 0.470703125, 1.5625, -1.046875, -0.203125, 0.007720947265625, 1.3671875, -0.470703125, -0.18359375, 0.70703125, -0.24609375, -1.0078125, -0.890625, -0.92578125, 1.140625, -1.671875, -0.828125, -1.3828125, 0.046142578125, 1.21875, 0.287109375, -0.44921875, 0.78125, 0.671875, 1.15625, 0.21875, -1.296875, -0.83203125, -0.9296875, -0.4140625, -1.2109375, 1.015625, 1.265625, -0.06396484375, 0.87890625, 0.216796875, 0.6796875, -1.7734375, 0.94140625, 1.328125, -1.2578125, 0.0966796875, -0.828125, -0.30859375, -0.3203125, -0.302734375, -1.2265625, 1.34375, 0.58203125, 1.75, -0.91015625, -1.09375, -0.55078125, 0.9609375, -0.4453125, -0.47265625, 0.322265625, -1.921875, -0.65234375, -0.171875, -1.84375, 1.0859375, -0.58984375, 0.61328125, -1.9375, 1.4140625, 0.09716796875, -0.73828125, -0.55859375, 0.380859375, -0.4765625, 0.283203125, -0.07421875, -0.296875, -0.0732421875, -0.43359375, -1.8515625, -0.298828125, 0.6796875, 0.39453125, 1.1484375, -0.384765625, -2.140625, 0.220703125, 0.0400390625, -0.7734375, -0.86328125, 0.0830078125, 0.578125, -1.3671875, 0.2060546875, -0.478515625, 1.34375, 1.0546875, 0.375, 0.875, 0.91796875, -0.30078125, 0.76171875, 0.984375, -0.62890625, -0.5390625, -2.875, 0.97265625, 0.486328125, -0.421875, -0.875, -0.396484375, 1.6796875, -0.423828125, -0.41015625, -1.0078125, -1.453125, 2.0625, 1.1875, 3.3125, -2.578125, 0.287109375, -0.490234375, -0.58984375, 0.8125, 0.216796875, -1.625, 0.74609375, -0.1826171875, -0.1435546875, 0.78125, 1.328125, 1.046875, 0.5078125, 1.0625, -0.361328125, -1.0625, -0.34375, 1.3046875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1530619837
A cysteine residue near the propionate side chain of heme is the radical site in ascorbate peroxidase
The radical scavenger 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy (TEMPO(*)) and the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) were used in conjunction with mass spectrometry to identify the protein-based radical sites of the H(2)O(2)-tolerant ascorbate peroxidase (APX) of the red alga Galdieria partita and the H(2)O(2)-sensitive stromal APX of tobacco. A cysteine residue in the vicinity of the propionate side chain of heme in both enzymes was labeled with TEMPO(*) and DMPO in an H(2)O(2)-dependent manner, indicating that these cysteine residues form thiyl radicals through interaction of APX with H(2)O(2). TEMPO(*) bound to the cysteine thiyl radicals, and sulfinylated and sulfonylated them. Other oxidized cysteine residues were found in both APXs. Experiments with a cysteine-to-serine point mutation showed that formation of TEMPO adducts and subsequent oxidation of the cysteine residue located near the propionate group of heme leads to loss of enzyme activity, in particular in the Galdieria APX. When treated with glutathione and H(2)O(2), both cysteine residues in both enzymes were glutathionylated. These results suggest that, under oxidative stress in vivo, cysteine oxidation is involved in the inactivation of APXs in addition to the proposed H(2)O(2)-mediated crosslinking of heme to the distal tryptophan residue [Kitajima S, Shimaoka T, Kurioka M & Yokota A (2007) FEBS J274, 3013-3020], and that glutathione protects APX from irreversible oxidation of the cysteine thiol and loss of enzyme activity by binding to the cysteine thiol group.
[ -0.130859375, 1.1796875, 0.08935546875, -0.9765625, -0.8046875, 0.66015625, 0.478515625, 1.515625, -0.263671875, -0.70703125, -1.15625, -0.083984375, 1.6484375, 0.75, 0.11376953125, 0.9296875, 1.40625, -1.3125, -0.6640625, 0.71484375, 0.1474609375, -0.279296875, -0.99609375, 0.90234375, -0.0751953125, 0.396484375, 0.6484375, -2.03125, 0.50390625, 0.1640625, -0.0169677734375, 1.5, -1.84375, -1.265625, -0.26171875, 0.98828125, 1.1484375, 0.78125, -0.859375, 0.53515625, 0.8671875, -2.203125, 0.7421875, -1.7265625, -0.33203125, -0.034912109375, -0.6484375, -0.57421875, -0.74609375, -0.248046875, -1.484375, 0.73046875, 1.25, -0.84765625, -0.84765625, 1.0703125, -1.703125, -0.373046875, 0.6484375, -0.94921875, -0.67578125, -0.28125, -0.271484375, 0.396484375, -0.0380859375, -0.62890625, 0.412109375, 0.78125, -0.5390625, -0.44921875, 0.390625, -0.4921875, -1.109375, -0.3828125, -0.0198974609375, 0.1162109375, 0.439453125, 0.66796875, 1.34375, 0.93359375, -1.40625, -0.72265625, 0.59375, 0.36328125, -1.2265625, 1.671875, 0.004791259765625, 2.125, 0.0830078125, 1.7890625, -1.03125, 0.49609375, -0.26171875, 0.1484375, -0.55859375, -1.234375, 0.486328125, 0.2001953125, -0.8359375, 1.21875, 0.373046875, 0.1728515625, -0.0927734375, -0.9765625, 0.765625, 1.109375, 0.07666015625, 0.10595703125, -1.7109375, 0.0001773834228515625, 0.16796875, -0.51171875, -0.27734375, -0.7890625, -0.404296875, 0.259765625, 0.35546875, 0.57421875, 0.7109375, -0.380859375, 0.490234375, -0.8046875, -0.3828125, -1.3359375, 1.5078125, 0.49609375, -0.427734375, -0.0238037109375, 0.3671875, -1.1328125, 0.48828125, 0.54296875, -0.65625, 0.921875, -0.39453125, -0.400390625, -0.1591796875, 1.03125, 1.21875, -0.474609375, 0.75, 1.53125, 0.298828125, -0.81640625, 0.30859375, -1.796875, 1.515625, 1.1640625, -0.337890625, 0.58984375, -0.73046875, -2.46875, 0.1328125, 1.8828125, 0.255859375, 0.10888671875, -0.46875, 2, -0.73828125, 1.0390625, -0.150390625, -1.453125, 0.3046875, -0.470703125, -0.52734375, 0.50390625, -0.8828125, 0.82421875, 0.220703125, -1.046875, -1.5859375, -1.3203125, 1.2265625, -0.095703125, 1.8203125, -0.1943359375, 0.45703125, 0.73046875, 0.052490234375, -0.71875, 0.2109375, 0.6171875, 0.01348876953125, -0.138671875, 1.1328125, 2.25, -0.94921875, 0.038330078125, 0.48828125, 0.3359375, -0.83203125, -2.078125, -0.26171875, 1.1328125, -0.2421875, -0.275390625, 0.4609375, 1.65625, -0.72265625, 0.003997802734375, -0.2041015625, -1.0546875, 0.263671875, -1.0546875, 0.4453125, 0.5, -0.416015625, 1.484375, 1.0625, 0.265625, -1.2109375, -1.234375, 0.3046875, -0.9296875, 0.0264892578125, -0.376953125, -0.38671875, 1.09375, 0.07080078125, 0.2275390625, 0.87890625, 0.380859375, 0.255859375, -0.12255859375, 1.3203125, -1.484375, -0.06689453125, -1, -0.7421875, 0.58984375, -0.09375, -0.90625, 1.109375, -0.828125, 0.04150390625, 0.140625, 0.4453125, -0.392578125, 0.3828125, -0.29296875, 0.1474609375, 0.94140625, 0.00286865234375, 0.82421875, 0.59765625, -0.578125, -0.033447265625, -1.2265625, -0.84765625, -0.5078125, 1.8359375, -0.05078125, -1.4140625, 0.6328125, -0.298828125, -0.76171875, -1.03125, -0.8515625, -0.11376953125, 0.578125, -0.61328125, 0.59375, 0.1875, 0.7890625, -0.96484375, -0.74609375, -0.5546875, -0.349609375, -2.015625, 0.9296875, 0.390625, -0.1435546875, -0.2421875, 0.2890625, 0.74609375, -0.703125, -0.3984375, 0.62109375, -0.36328125, -0.5859375, -0.50390625, -1.40625, -0.828125, -0.1279296875, 0.326171875, 0.314453125, 0.390625, 1.3125, -0.5234375, -0.72265625, -0.7109375, 1.046875, -1.328125, 0.23046875, 0.9453125, -0.65625, 0.216796875, 2.40625, 1.7265625, 1.484375, 0.890625, 1.3671875, -0.90234375, 0.48046875, 1.328125, -1.6015625, -0.765625, 0.0439453125, -0.19921875, 1.4453125, -0.828125, 0.302734375, -0.90234375, 1.2578125, -0.03515625, -0.6328125, 0.10595703125, -1.5390625, -0.7890625, -0.80859375, 0.3125, -0.28515625, -0.5078125, 1.359375, -1.328125, -0.89453125, 0.25390625, -0.408203125, 0.3359375, -0.0966796875, -1.0625, 0.1826171875, -0.010498046875, -0.78515625, 0.373046875, 1.078125, -0.45703125, -0.875, 0.357421875, -0.3984375, -0.466796875, -0.30859375, 0.009033203125, -1.46875, 1.046875, -0.00799560546875, 0.55859375, -0.1025390625, 0.0302734375, -0.97265625, -0.609375, -1.0078125, 0.8828125, -1.109375, 0.00970458984375, 1.4140625, 0.9453125, -0.0234375, 1.4375, 0.83984375, 0.56640625, -2.015625, -0.6328125, 0.6015625, 0.67578125, 0.92578125, 0.76171875, -0.86328125, 0.051513671875, -1.234375, 1.6015625, -0.609375, -0.484375, -0.431640625, 1.5703125, 1.40625, -0.07080078125, -1.78125, 0.029052734375, 1.515625, -1.5234375, 0.349609375, -0.8359375, 0.61328125, 0.8671875, 0.76953125, 0.035400390625, -0.189453125, -0.73046875, 0.1982421875, -0.68359375, -0.21484375, -1.8125, 0.85546875, -0.5625, 0.828125, 0.068359375, 0.337890625, -1.0390625, -2.125, 0.431640625, 0.0419921875, 0.8984375, 0.578125, -1.6953125, -0.9609375, -0.95703125, -1.421875, 0.48828125, -0.2138671875, -0.3828125, 0.8203125, -1.03125, 1.40625, 0.1142578125, -0.1796875, 0.97265625, 0.0234375, -1.265625, -0.84375, 1.25, -0.89453125, 0.01165771484375, -0.59375, 0.462890625, 0.86328125, 0.55859375, 0.86328125, -0.46484375, 0.396484375, -0.427734375, 0.578125, -0.6015625, -0.83984375, -0.4296875, 0.67578125, -0.1005859375, -0.6171875, -1.078125, 0.59375, -0.30078125, 0.0169677734375, 0.31640625, -0.2255859375, 0.0810546875, -0.55078125, 1.140625, -0.0751953125, 0.6875, 0.62109375, 1.6953125, -1.3671875, -0.263671875, -0.7421875, 0.2275390625, 0.85546875, -0.07470703125, -0.62890625, 1.578125, 1.328125, -1.0703125, -1.046875, -0.388671875, -0.58984375, 1.3671875, -1.484375, 0.2890625, 0.021728515625, -0.8359375, 0.828125, 0.8984375, 0.2890625, 0.0703125, 1.0390625, -0.8203125, 1.59375, 1.0703125, 1.21875, 0.734375, -0.466796875, 1.328125, 0.93359375, -0.63671875, 0.51953125, 1.0859375, 0.78125, -2.03125, -0.263671875, 0.030029296875, 0.55859375, 0.080078125, -0.435546875, 1.1875, 0.53515625, 1.546875, -0.41796875, 0.1982421875, 0.1728515625, -1.5234375, -0.3984375, -0.59765625, -0.62890625, -0.9765625, -1.3125, 0.259765625, -0.1708984375, 0.404296875, -0.26953125, -0.765625, 0.291015625, -0.1640625, 2.453125, -1.125, 0.056396484375, -0.55078125, 1.1875, 0.9140625, -0.69140625, 0.55078125, -0.61328125, 0.89453125, 0.48046875, -1.2109375, 0.85546875, 1.2109375, -0.86328125, -0.25, -1.3203125, 0.341796875, -0.64453125, 0.263671875, -1.0859375, 0.1708984375, 0.4140625, -0.6796875, -0.5234375, -0.2021484375, 1.171875, 0.9921875, -0.30859375, -0.92578125, -0.65625, -0.056396484375, -0.37109375, 0.8203125, 0.466796875, -0.294921875, 0.8671875, -1.484375, 0.80078125, -1.0234375, -0.1123046875, -0.9609375, 0.435546875, -0.5, 1.625, -1.078125, -0.48046875, -1.2421875, 0.408203125, -0.52734375, -1.203125, 0.3046875, 1.828125, -0.875, 0.9765625, -0.306640625, -0.10986328125, 1.1484375, 1, 0.9296875, -0.06201171875, -0.734375, 0.97265625, 1.5078125, -1.6171875, -1.9609375, -0.50390625, -1.6328125, 0.267578125, 0.51953125, -0.1669921875, -1.03125, 0.42578125, -1.0234375, 0.87890625, 2.328125, -0.03173828125, 0.6953125, -0.265625, -0.365234375, -0.77734375, 0.94140625, -0.33203125, -0.455078125, -0.56640625, -0.318359375, -0.52734375, 0.890625, -0.208984375, -0.01544189453125, -0.87109375, 0.404296875, -1.140625, 0.66015625, -0.58203125, -1.7265625, -0.326171875, -0.0361328125, -0.10986328125, -0.427734375, -1.4765625, 0.546875, -0.7421875, 0.20703125, 0.322265625, 1.15625, -0.1884765625, 0.984375, -0.050537109375, -1.3984375, 0.65234375, 0.478515625, 0.7265625, -0.65625, -0.353515625, 0.11083984375, -0.53125, 1.125, 0.38671875, -0.87890625, 0.64453125, -2, -0.49609375, -1.09375, -0.376953125, -0.024658203125, 0.05810546875, -0.06689453125, 1.171875, 0.4375, -0.431640625, 0.0927734375, -0.82421875, -0.55859375, -0.1357421875, -1.0390625, -0.4375, -0.1796875, 1.7578125, -0.1845703125, 0.1787109375, -0.458984375, -0.1953125, -0.30078125, 1.0703125, -1.390625, -0.828125, -0.14453125, -0.390625, 0.67578125, 1.421875, 0.034423828125, 0.625, -1.2109375, 0.059814453125, -0.1572265625, -0.7265625, -0.5546875, 0.123046875, 0.205078125, 0.640625, 1.09375, 0.333984375, 0.310546875, 1.0703125, 0.154296875, 1.0625, 0.25390625, 1.3359375, 0.578125, -0.2080078125, -1.0390625, 0.40234375, 0.5859375, -0.92578125, -1.375, 0.17578125, -0.83984375, -0.026611328125, 0.216796875, -0.79296875, 0.1728515625, 1.7734375, 0.640625, -0.28515625, 0.50390625, 0.41796875, -0.015869140625, -1.2890625, -0.006622314453125, 0.90625, 0.408203125, -1.296875, -1.21875, 0.1591796875, 0.1982421875, 1.953125, 0.7734375, 0.439453125, -1.234375, -0.9921875, -0.04638671875, -0.279296875, 1.125, 1.2421875, 0.62109375, 0.07958984375, -0.279296875, 1.1953125, -0.109375, -1.2265625, -0.9921875, -0.5703125, -1, -0.87109375, 1.0234375, 0.443359375, 0.015625, 0.62109375, -0.4609375, -0.8515625, 0.73828125, -1.625, 0.54296875, 0.244140625, -0.51953125, 0.57421875, 0.390625, 1.4375, 1.046875, 0.2265625, 1.390625, 0.11181640625, 0.2109375, -0.138671875, -0.98828125, -0.89453125, 0.75, -0.98828125, 0.71484375, 0.224609375, -0.1689453125, 1, 0.91796875, -1.1796875, -0.9921875, -0.91015625, 0.23046875, -0.162109375, -0.08447265625, -0.65625, 0.796875, 0.0634765625, 1.171875, 0.9140625, -0.447265625, -0.74609375, -0.8046875, 1.6171875, -0.640625, -0.2001953125, -1.03125, 0.7578125, -1.1640625, -0.421875, -0.3125, -0.99609375, 0.859375, 0.71875, -1.4296875, -1.4453125, 0.095703125, -0.5078125, -1.3203125, 0.412109375, 0.1552734375, -1.0625, -0.55859375, -1.3046875, -1.3046875, 0.3984375, -1.53125, -0.40234375, 0.58984375, -0.328125, -1.0390625, -0.56640625, 1.0234375, -0.232421875, 1.0703125, 1.1953125, -0.796875, -0.032470703125, -0.58203125, 0.1962890625, -0.423828125, -0.2890625, -1.2890625, 0.453125, 0.78125, -0.6328125, 0.91796875, -0.51171875, -1.71875, -0.95703125, 0.451171875, 1.1796875, 1.8359375, 1.1171875, -0.10791015625, 0.06982421875, -0.392578125, -0.53515625, -0.265625, 0.427734375, 0.67578125, 0.3671875, -1.9765625, 0.255859375, -2.265625, 0.2138671875, -0.93359375, 0.7890625, 0.7265625, -0.6328125, 2.234375, -0.388671875, 0.60546875, 0.2060546875, 0.27734375, -0.059326171875, 1.1796875, 1.359375, -1.453125, 0.65234375, -0.546875, 0.1728515625, 1.015625, -0.515625, 0.3359375, -1.109375, -1.296875, 0.08154296875, -0.1474609375, -0.8046875, -1.1171875, 0.51953125, 1.46875, -0.267578125, 0.55078125, 0.2421875, 1.2734375, 1.7734375, 0.375, -0.78515625, -0.9140625, -0.40234375, -0.427734375, 1.515625, -0.1552734375, -0.5546875, 1.6171875, 0.478515625, 0.54296875, 0.55859375, -0.392578125, -1.703125, 0.31640625, 2.53125, -0.7265625, 0.390625, -0.79296875, -0.1806640625, 0.66015625, -2.53125, 0.0390625, 0.421875, -0.50390625, -0.86328125, 0.8203125, -1.359375, -0.8046875, 0.46484375, 1.0859375, 0.99609375, 0.99609375, 1.3046875, 0.10693359375, 0.06591796875, 0.3515625, -1.203125, -0.5234375, 0.146484375, -1.203125, -0.201171875, 0.15234375, -0.11083984375, 0.205078125, 1.0625, 0.050537109375, 0.2451171875, 0.3359375, -0.1162109375, 1.3203125, -0.52734375, -1.03125, -0.6640625, 0.458984375, -0.6875, 0.017578125, 0.84765625, -1.6953125, 0.1708984375, 1.1328125, 0.16796875, -2.265625, -0.89453125, -0.09033203125, -0.34375, -1.03125, -1.390625, 0.8984375, -0.7890625, -1.0390625, -0.79296875, 0.2177734375, 0.2109375, 1.15625, -0.041015625, 0.263671875, -0.75390625, 0.470703125, -0.9140625, -0.84765625, 0.1005859375, 0.91015625, 0.44140625, 0.78515625, 0.2119140625, -1.2734375, 0.6171875, 0.671875, -0.6796875, 2.15625, 0.3125, 0.447265625, 0.80859375, 0.26171875, -0.2060546875, 0.93359375, 0.0033111572265625, -1.9609375, -0.859375, 0.388671875, -1.890625, 0.349609375, 0.65625, 0.0634765625, -0.185546875, -0.134765625, 0.90234375, 0.2490234375, 0.68359375, -0.25390625, -0.7421875, 0.23046875, -1.234375, 0.263671875, 1.109375, 0.259765625, 1.9140625, 0.55859375, 1, 0.51953125, 0.3671875, 0.97265625, 0.427734375, 0.10400390625, -0.92578125, 0.123046875, 0.703125, -0.546875, -0.328125, -1.6015625, 0.73046875, -1.1484375, 0.6640625, -0.87890625, -0.91796875, 0.7734375, 0.1181640625, 0.640625, 1.4296875, 2.40625, -0.0025177001953125, 0.55078125, -0.158203125, 1.359375, 0.08740234375, -2.15625, -0.1669921875, -0.11474609375, -0.75390625, 0.87109375, 1.1171875, -0.154296875, 0.150390625, 1.078125, 0.220703125, -0.23828125, -1.265625, 0.1552734375, 1.1171875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1530676170
Polynomials with integral coefficients, equivalent to a given polynomial
Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f left-parenthesis x 0 comma ellipsis comma x Subscript n Baseline right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>…<!-- … --></mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(x_{0},\dots ,x_{n})</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be a homogeneous polynomial with rational coefficients. The aim of this paper is to find a polynomial with integral coefficients <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper F left-parenthesis x 0 comma ellipsis comma x Subscript n Baseline right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>…<!-- … --></mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">F(x_{0},\dots ,x_{n})</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> which is “equivalent" to <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and as “simple" as possible. The principal ingredient of the proof is to connect this question with the geometric invariant theory of polynomials. Applications to binary forms, class numbers, quadratic forms and to families of cubic surfaces are given at the end.
[ -0.275390625, 0.33984375, 2.359375, -1.1484375, 0.107421875, 0.5078125, -1.59375, 0.314453125, 0.58203125, 0.23046875, -0.90625, 0.63671875, 1.4296875, -0.609375, 0.314453125, -1.1953125, -0.27734375, -1.4609375, 0.11962890625, -0.033447265625, -0.1259765625, 0.04931640625, -1.0859375, -0.185546875, 1.2109375, 0.65625, -2.421875, -0.83203125, 0.453125, 0.119140625, -0.33203125, -0.0400390625, 0.00244140625, -0.52734375, 0.203125, -0.15234375, 0.423828125, 1.375, 0.275390625, 0.287109375, 0.1376953125, 0.29296875, 0.8125, -0.171875, -0.439453125, 0.328125, 0.10400390625, 0.2158203125, 0.6953125, 0.49609375, 0.337890625, 1.59375, 0.490234375, 0.439453125, 0.10302734375, 0.5390625, -0.51953125, 0.30078125, 0.0185546875, 0.94921875, 0.41015625, -0.9765625, 0.416015625, -0.255859375, -0.9609375, 0.375, 0.8671875, -0.474609375, -0.228515625, -0.33203125, 2.015625, 0.609375, -0.5546875, 0.72265625, -0.484375, -0.287109375, -1.1796875, 0.1376953125, -0.8359375, 0.3984375, 0.439453125, -1.03125, -1.0703125, -0.0101318359375, -1.53125, 0.90234375, -0.033447265625, 1.8203125, 0.4296875, 0.328125, 1.5078125, 0.296875, -0.64453125, -0.21484375, 0.376953125, 0.279296875, 1.5625, 0.365234375, -0.39453125, 0.14453125, -0.890625, 0.40234375, -0.330078125, -0.8125, 0.91015625, -0.12890625, 0.419921875, -0.400390625, -0.7109375, 0.357421875, 0.06591796875, -0.65625, 0.890625, 0.66015625, -0.0034027099609375, -0.328125, 0.5703125, -0.034912109375, -0.40234375, -0.1689453125, -1.34375, -1.578125, -0.2216796875, -0.1708984375, 0.3046875, 0.53125, -0.244140625, 1.09375, 0.384765625, -0.298828125, 0.73046875, 1.21875, -0.50390625, -0.1806640625, -0.12451171875, 0.80859375, 0.376953125, 0.546875, 0.1845703125, 0.75, -0.06982421875, 0.10205078125, -1.8359375, -0.306640625, -0.921875, 0.5703125, 0.2373046875, -0.10009765625, 0.66796875, 0.484375, 0.193359375, 0.72265625, -1.0625, 0.330078125, -0.291015625, -0.27734375, 0.008544921875, 1.4453125, 0.27734375, -0.28125, 0.021484375, -0.921875, 2.3125, -1.34375, -0.29296875, -0.9375, -1.4296875, -0.087890625, 0.03173828125, -0.67578125, -0.328125, 0.251953125, -0.62109375, -0.55078125, 1.15625, -0.90234375, -0.87109375, 0.61328125, -0.06982421875, -1.359375, -0.279296875, 0.671875, 1.2265625, -0.138671875, 0.42578125, 1.1875, -0.609375, 0.6171875, -1.546875, 1.078125, 0.255859375, -0.74609375, -0.28125, 0.74609375, 0.8203125, 0.5625, -0.185546875, 1.28125, -0.1650390625, -1.671875, -0.55078125, -0.478515625, -0.28515625, -0.6953125, 0.52734375, 0.12353515625, 0.9765625, 2.328125, 0.057373046875, 1.4921875, 0.431640625, -1.3046875, -0.0771484375, -0.5625, -1.2421875, -0.57421875, -0.7265625, 1.671875, -0.609375, -1.9375, 1.6015625, 0.020263671875, -0.51171875, 0.1455078125, 0.482421875, -0.416015625, 0.251953125, 0.9375, -1.703125, 0.56640625, -0.10546875, -0.421875, -0.412109375, -0.59765625, -0.1513671875, -0.0927734375, 0.84765625, 0.38671875, 1.0078125, 0.546875, 1.5703125, -1.1171875, 0.09033203125, 0.53515625, 1.3828125, 0.55859375, 0.81640625, -0.94140625, -0.69921875, 0.53125, 1.4296875, -0.396484375, 0.302734375, -0.7734375, 0.040771484375, -0.73046875, -0.162109375, -0.140625, 0.62109375, 0.0615234375, 0.51953125, -0.080078125, 0.35546875, 0.486328125, 0.04150390625, -0.7578125, 0.404296875, 0.40234375, 0.173828125, -0.11962890625, -0.4453125, -2.21875, 0.1611328125, 0.2177734375, -0.515625, 0.345703125, 0.39453125, -0.83203125, 0.353515625, -0.0380859375, -1.0390625, 0.03369140625, 0.470703125, -0.91796875, -0.66015625, 1.359375, 0.8984375, 1.53125, -0.1259765625, -1.3125, 0.67578125, -0.52734375, -2.0625, -0.65234375, -0.80078125, -0.400390625, -0.490234375, 2.40625, 0.11865234375, 0.5234375, 0.2021484375, -0.1962890625, -0.345703125, -1.2734375, 0.4609375, -0.490234375, -0.6875, -0.82421875, 0.73046875, 1.515625, 0.154296875, 0.796875, -0.8125, 0.9140625, 0.1484375, 1.3828125, 0.75390625, -1.4296875, 0.2021484375, -0.1572265625, 0.365234375, 0.171875, -0.87890625, -0.494140625, -0.21484375, -0.5546875, -0.224609375, -0.046875, -0.96875, -0.11376953125, -1.2421875, -0.08837890625, -0.6953125, -0.361328125, 0.546875, 0.609375, -0.94140625, -0.154296875, -0.625, -0.439453125, 0.0888671875, -1.2578125, -1.2109375, -0.75, 0.337890625, -0.404296875, 0.80859375, -0.318359375, -0.478515625, -1.453125, -0.0869140625, -0.1630859375, 0.46484375, -0.58203125, 0.88671875, -0.052490234375, 1.6015625, -0.22265625, -1.78125, 0.1328125, -0.2578125, -0.1611328125, -1.53125, -0.205078125, -0.2158203125, 0.87109375, -0.24609375, -0.10986328125, -0.0257568359375, -0.1396484375, -0.01129150390625, -0.49609375, -0.376953125, 0.640625, 1.0859375, 0.56640625, -1.921875, -0.310546875, -0.251953125, 0.55859375, -1.34375, -0.09423828125, -1.0625, 0.271484375, 0.5390625, 1.2890625, -0.53515625, -0.384765625, 0.185546875, 1.375, 0.265625, -0.046875, -1.359375, -0.6171875, 0.271484375, 1.0234375, 0.75, 0.56640625, -0.181640625, -2.0625, -0.671875, -0.416015625, 0.451171875, -0.609375, 0.203125, -0.80078125, -0.8515625, -0.796875, -0.388671875, 0.140625, 0.028564453125, -0.31640625, -0.4296875, -0.048828125, -0.52734375, -0.77734375, 0.06298828125, 0.337890625, 0.87109375, 0.298828125, -0.380859375, 0.419921875, 0.076171875, -1.5078125, -0.294921875, 0.83203125, 0.78515625, 1.28125, -0.177734375, -2.015625, -0.51953125, 1.6171875, -0.2158203125, 0.140625, -0.267578125, -1.0234375, 0.8828125, -0.1044921875, -0.65234375, -0.91796875, -0.60546875, -0.203125, -0.15625, -0.73046875, 2.046875, 0.244140625, 0.11279296875, -0.7734375, 0.265625, -1.1796875, -0.232421875, -0.609375, -0.6953125, -1.21875, 0.2109375, 0.73828125, -0.333984375, 0.1552734375, -1.4609375, -0.39453125, -0.62890625, 1.09375, -0.5390625, 0.1708984375, 1.7734375, -0.6171875, -0.48828125, 0.640625, -0.236328125, 1.390625, 0.55078125, 0.6328125, -0.6171875, 0.12109375, -0.50390625, -1.8984375, 1.171875, 0.640625, -0.2001953125, 0.8125, 1.296875, 0.62890625, -1.2890625, 1.640625, -0.376953125, -1.4453125, 1.375, -0.2158203125, -0.08251953125, 0.05615234375, -0.16015625, -0.16796875, -0.046630859375, 0.0311279296875, 0.2001953125, -0.140625, 1.1328125, 1.578125, -0.2421875, 0.56640625, -0.2421875, -0.546875, -3.09375, 1.0390625, 0.416015625, 0.66015625, -0.73828125, -1.25, 0.375, 1.03125, -0.4765625, 1.9296875, -1.203125, -0.470703125, 0.7890625, 0.92578125, 0.96875, 1.0703125, -0.5390625, -0.00518798828125, 1.734375, 0.625, -0.1552734375, -0.49609375, -0.1513671875, -0.50390625, 0.66796875, 0.33984375, 0.09619140625, -1.390625, -0.6328125, -0.65625, -0.2158203125, 0.80078125, -0.30859375, 0.2353515625, 0.01324462890625, -0.302734375, 1.125, -1.6796875, -0.083984375, 0.58984375, -0.625, -1.0234375, 0.36328125, -0.70703125, 0.68359375, 2.21875, -0.9609375, -0.0228271484375, -1.6328125, 0.8359375, -0.61328125, -0.458984375, -0.5234375, 1.703125, -0.625, -0.2216796875, 0.28515625, -0.1767578125, 0.78515625, 0.244140625, -0.625, 2.203125, -0.09716796875, -0.0146484375, -1.328125, -0.99609375, 0.58203125, 0.64453125, -0.66796875, 0.0556640625, 0.31640625, 0.08056640625, 1.8046875, -0.8203125, 0.7734375, -0.423828125, -0.7734375, 0.07470703125, -0.07470703125, 1.140625, 0.2255859375, 1.1328125, -0.73828125, -0.5078125, -1.078125, 0.77734375, 0.41015625, 0.018310546875, -0.12255859375, -0.35546875, 0.232421875, 0.275390625, 0.035888671875, 1.40625, 1.0234375, 1.09375, 0.5625, -0.29296875, -1.046875, 0.0439453125, -0.6640625, -0.09912109375, 0.92578125, -1.0390625, 0.5703125, -0.181640625, -0.703125, -0.7734375, -0.26171875, 0.50390625, 0.07275390625, -0.81640625, 0.41015625, 0.19140625, 0.2197265625, -0.609375, -0.92578125, -1.2109375, -0.01068115234375, -0.349609375, 1.53125, 0.890625, -0.39453125, -0.78125, -0.61328125, -1.203125, -0.55078125, 1.9609375, -0.625, -0.15625, -0.1083984375, -0.1474609375, 0.22265625, -0.1552734375, -0.283203125, 0.1396484375, 0.1298828125, 1.53125, 0.37890625, 0.859375, 1.203125, 0.88671875, 0.353515625, 1.625, -0.490234375, -0.12890625, -1.484375, 2.0625, -0.373046875, 0.546875, 0.181640625, -0.57421875, -0.279296875, -0.2421875, -1.75, 0.02978515625, -0.7890625, -0.490234375, -0.169921875, 0.79296875, -0.83984375, -0.43359375, 0.2041015625, 1.34375, -1.46875, 0.2578125, 0.0029754638671875, -0.11181640625, -1.65625, -0.64453125, -0.1416015625, 1.09375, -0.6953125, 0.02978515625, -0.7109375, 0.6015625, -1.5625, 0.4375, 0.287109375, -0.447265625, -0.474609375, 0.072265625, 0.4921875, -0.9140625, -0.466796875, 0.06884765625, 0.10595703125, -0.0152587890625, -0.390625, 0.87890625, 0.83984375, 0.376953125, 1.328125, 0.40234375, 0.1962890625, -0.1220703125, 0.0654296875, -0.6328125, 1.1484375, 0.86328125, -1.390625, 1.359375, 0.1669921875, 0.125, 0.453125, 0.609375, -0.77734375, 0.84765625, 0.1748046875, 0.828125, -0.26953125, 0.8046875, -0.1806640625, 0.40625, 0.111328125, -0.263671875, -0.55078125, 0.71875, 0.609375, 0.412109375, -1.140625, 0.78125, -0.90625, -1.1015625, -0.76171875, 0.70703125, -0.765625, -0.546875, -0.08251953125, 0.146484375, 1.0078125, -0.12451171875, -0.57421875, 1.09375, -0.1630859375, -0.056640625, 1.03125, 0.95703125, -0.51953125, 1.7890625, 1.046875, 0.00592041015625, 0.1787109375, -0.41796875, -0.55859375, -1.71875, -0.52734375, -0.734375, -0.263671875, -0.07373046875, -0.486328125, 0.62109375, 0.224609375, 0.53125, -0.1611328125, -1.125, -0.84765625, -0.53125, 0.46875, -1.46875, -0.67578125, -0.828125, 1.4609375, -0.45703125, 0.546875, -0.88671875, -0.390625, 0.1943359375, -1.453125, -0.4921875, 0.1474609375, 0.33203125, -0.42578125, 0.52734375, 0.55859375, 1.40625, -0.189453125, -1.3984375, -1.5390625, 0.365234375, -0.337890625, 0.271484375, -0.06640625, 1.1640625, -0.5234375, 0.1796875, -0.08154296875, -1.0546875, -0.1220703125, -1.265625, -0.58203125, -1.1484375, -0.453125, 0.53125, 1.875, -0.1337890625, 0.05615234375, -0.59765625, 0.69921875, 0.82421875, 0.71875, -1.203125, -0.4921875, 0.4140625, 0.7578125, -0.03466796875, -0.0595703125, 0.9921875, -0.68359375, -0.65234375, 1.5625, 0.8828125, 0.76171875, -1.0546875, -0.625, 0.859375, 0.55859375, 1.0703125, -1.0625, -1.1171875, -0.73046875, 1.1328125, -0.2392578125, -0.55859375, 0.0223388671875, -0.37109375, -0.55859375, 0.6875, -1.921875, -1.4921875, -1.2109375, -1.1640625, 0.47265625, -0.232421875, 0.0380859375, 1.375, -0.279296875, 0.78125, 0.28125, 0.498046875, 1.0234375, 0.296875, -1.2265625, -0.1923828125, 0.2265625, -0.01043701171875, -0.171875, -0.421875, -0.37109375, -0.302734375, 1.0078125, -1.625, -0.859375, 0.154296875, 1.34375, 0.197265625, 2.21875, -0.12255859375, 2.140625, 0.89453125, 0.73828125, 2.015625, -0.001983642578125, 0.024169921875, -0.1953125, -0.51953125, 0.34375, 0.04296875, -1.6640625, -1.140625, -0.12158203125, 1.78125, 0.0047607421875, 0.283203125, -1.5, -0.0208740234375, -0.0155029296875, 0.0194091796875, -0.314453125, 0.09765625, -0.45703125, -0.71875, -0.10546875, 0.330078125, 1.265625, -0.2021484375, -1.1015625, 1.09375, 0.95703125, -0.96875, -1.2265625, -0.42578125, 0.53125, 0.87109375, 0.12060546875, 0.20703125, -0.34765625, 0.2890625, 1.078125, -0.3515625, 0.98046875, -0.08544921875, -0.58984375, 0.482421875, -1.671875, -0.1591796875, -0.12451171875, -0.033935546875, -0.73828125, -0.3828125, -0.0830078125, -0.048095703125, -0.345703125, -0.31640625, 1.1796875, -1.9140625, -0.16796875, -0.58203125, 1.546875, -0.765625, -1.609375, 0.322265625, -0.62109375, 0.357421875, -0.11962890625, -0.8046875, 0.62890625, 0.0233154296875, -1.53125, -0.39453125, 0.53515625, 1.078125, -1.4921875, -1.2578125, -0.49609375, 1.5625, 1.75, -0.216796875, 1.453125, 0.33203125, 0.74609375, 0.271484375, -1.0390625, 1.078125, -0.369140625, -1.4453125, -0.48046875, -1.1796875, -0.6953125, 0.478515625, 0.0693359375, -0.58203125, 0.66796875, -1.125, -0.28515625, 1.3515625, 1.671875, 0.140625, -0.2421875, 2.234375, 0.08935546875, 0.63671875, 0.75390625, -0.74609375, 0.01513671875, 0.890625, 1.34375, 0.0206298828125, 0.16015625, -0.408203125, -1.4140625, 0.57421875, -0.306640625, 0.419921875, -1.0859375, 1.640625, 0.08056640625, 1.3125, 0.8828125, 0.482421875, -0.1552734375, 0.294921875, 0.5703125, -0.5625, 0.60546875, -0.0303955078125, -0.328125, 0.32421875, 0.341796875, -0.76171875, -1.28125, -0.369140625, 0.482421875, 0.56640625, -0.51171875, -0.046875, -0.671875, -0.8984375, 0.07470703125, -0.03662109375, 0.72265625, -0.09814453125, 1.4140625, 0.12109375, 1.65625, 0.3515625, 1.0390625, -0.03173828125, -0.4609375, 1.4140625, 0.45703125, -0.6640625, -0.5859375, -0.080078125, -0.56640625, 0.546875, 0.1337890625, 0.87109375, -0.03466796875, -1.0625, 0.2734375, 1.6875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1530780571
p107 Is a Crucial Regulator for Determining the Adipocyte Lineage Fate Choices of Stem Cells
Thermogenic (beige and brown) adipocytes protect animals against obesity and metabolic disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms that commit stem cells toward different adipocyte lineages. We show here that p107 is a master regulator of adipocyte lineage fates, its suppression required for commitment of stem cells to the brown-type fate. p107 is strictly expressed in the stem cell compartment of white adipose tissue depots and completely absent in brown adipose tissue. Remarkably, p107-deficient stem cells uniformly give rise to brown-type adipocytes in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, brown fat programming of mesenchymal stem cells by PRDM-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing 16 (Prdm16) was associated with a dramatic reduction of p107 levels. Indeed, Prdm16 directly suppressed p107 transcription via promoter binding. Notably, the sustained expression of p107 blocked the ability of Prdm16 to induce brown fat genes. These findings demonstrate that p107 expression in stem cells commits cells to the white versus brown adipose lineage.
[ 0.19140625, 0.62109375, 0.26953125, 1.3984375, 0.578125, 0.5390625, 0.12890625, 1.71875, -0.271484375, 0.30859375, -0.23046875, 0.7265625, 1.609375, 0.052001953125, 0.37890625, -0.498046875, 0.447265625, -1.1015625, 0.046630859375, -0.91796875, -0.2490234375, 0.50390625, -0.5078125, -1.1953125, -0.7890625, 0.6015625, -0.373046875, -0.3046875, 0.055908203125, 1.3515625, 0.439453125, 0.462890625, -1.125, -0.71875, -0.65625, -0.484375, 0.44921875, 1.7578125, -0.5, -0.234375, 0.390625, -1.0078125, 0.89453125, 0.76171875, -0.99609375, 0.92578125, -2.015625, -0.0302734375, -0.205078125, -0.240234375, -0.86328125, 0.12060546875, 0.63671875, 0.61328125, 0.0284423828125, 0.1357421875, -0.466796875, 0.64453125, 0.85546875, -1.3046875, 0.42578125, -0.8515625, -0.019775390625, 0.1103515625, 1.46875, -1.28125, 0.578125, 0.82421875, -0.79296875, 0.7109375, 0.68359375, -1.9140625, 0.166015625, -0.55078125, 0.5703125, 0.58203125, -1.0625, 0.88671875, -0.12255859375, 0.2001953125, -0.1650390625, -1.203125, 1.359375, -0.02685546875, -1.7578125, 0.7578125, 0.54296875, 1.484375, 0.6015625, 1.1953125, 0.01385498046875, 0.58203125, -0.8984375, 0.1015625, 0.0849609375, -0.068359375, 0.412109375, 0.5390625, -1.2265625, 0.62890625, -0.31640625, -1.125, -0.8203125, 0.046875, 0.5078125, 1.953125, 0.5625, -0.08837890625, 0.0634765625, 1.59375, 0.22265625, 0.88671875, 0.5390625, 1.0703125, 0.828125, 1.1171875, 1.1015625, -0.94921875, 0.74609375, 0.5546875, -0.80078125, -0.72265625, 0.0159912109375, -1.4921875, 1.3359375, 1.1796875, -0.80859375, -0.265625, -0.1083984375, -0.68359375, 1.3046875, 0.703125, 0.123046875, 1.28125, -0.74609375, 0.043701171875, 0.90625, 0.3125, -0.05224609375, -0.09912109375, -0.03369140625, 2.21875, -0.60546875, -0.1884765625, 0.49609375, -1.390625, 0.2158203125, 0.416015625, -0.271484375, 1.328125, -1.1953125, -2.15625, 0.0091552734375, 1.7578125, -0.169921875, -1.609375, -1.1796875, 1.046875, -0.8671875, -0.2333984375, 0.494140625, -1.375, 0.48046875, -1.4296875, 1.109375, -0.97265625, -1.2890625, 1.0390625, 0.01513671875, 0.2236328125, 0.466796875, -0.14453125, -0.380859375, 1.875, 1.578125, -1.9609375, -0.6953125, 1.671875, 0.73828125, -0.275390625, -0.7890625, 1.2109375, 0.07666015625, -0.69140625, 0.1416015625, 0.451171875, -1.8203125, 0.7890625, 0.28515625, 1.1875, 1.3359375, -1.65625, -1.484375, 1.25, -0.89453125, 0.287109375, 0.447265625, 0.138671875, -0.2431640625, -1.3515625, 0.031982421875, -0.2373046875, 0.671875, 0.3515625, 0.5390625, 0.255859375, -0.71484375, 1.3203125, 1.9453125, 1.6484375, -0.875, -0.75, 0.34375, 0.1806640625, -0.55078125, 0.2041015625, -0.71484375, 1.1484375, -1.2265625, 0.068359375, 1.078125, 0.203125, 0.1318359375, -0.52734375, 1.0546875, -0.95703125, 0.0279541015625, 0.3515625, 0.287109375, 0.326171875, 1.25, 0.010498046875, 0.75390625, -1.625, -0.490234375, -0.015869140625, -0.466796875, -0.70703125, 0.50390625, -1.4140625, -0.84375, 0.953125, -0.04248046875, 0.0859375, 0.1083984375, -0.90625, 1.046875, 0.19140625, -0.032958984375, 1.4296875, 1.6328125, 0.1328125, 0.388671875, -0.50390625, 0.1552734375, 0.31640625, -0.953125, 0.73046875, 1.6875, -0.76171875, -0.58984375, -0.88671875, -0.365234375, 0.47265625, -1.8125, -0.14453125, 0.2216796875, 0.326171875, -1.3125, -0.5625, -1.15625, -0.427734375, 0.193359375, -0.1904296875, 0.365234375, -0.333984375, -1.5859375, -0.384765625, -2.078125, 0.314453125, 0.67578125, 0.173828125, -0.1416015625, -0.68359375, 2.71875, -0.38671875, -0.1884765625, 0.92578125, -0.70703125, 0.87890625, 0.51171875, 0.81640625, -1.9453125, 0.053466796875, -0.26171875, -0.87890625, 0.671875, 0.75, 2.296875, -0.06689453125, 0.80859375, 1.40625, -0.73046875, 0.2255859375, 1.1015625, 0.53515625, -1.3984375, 0.376953125, -0.01336669921875, 0.31640625, -0.80078125, -1.7734375, -0.2734375, 0.48828125, -0.69921875, 0.8359375, 0.38671875, -1.671875, 1.453125, 0.05615234375, 0.57421875, -0.828125, -0.2373046875, -0.0703125, -1.5859375, 0.4375, -0.1748046875, 0.26953125, -0.388671875, 1.7109375, -0.80078125, -1.53125, 1.609375, -0.72265625, 0.5390625, 0.302734375, 0.73046875, -0.67578125, 0.8671875, 1.4765625, -0.037109375, -1.5859375, 0.103515625, -1.0546875, -0.67578125, 0.470703125, -0.55859375, 0.79296875, 1.515625, -1.015625, 1.0703125, -0.208984375, 0.63671875, -0.84765625, -1.5390625, 1.890625, 0.50390625, 0.142578125, -1.59375, -0.66796875, 0.345703125, -0.984375, -0.671875, 0.2099609375, 0.40234375, 0.73828125, 0.984375, -0.41796875, -0.6015625, -0.890625, 1.34375, 0.37109375, 0.455078125, 0.0277099609375, 0.71484375, 1.1796875, -0.83203125, -0.93359375, 0.330078125, 1.09375, -0.57421875, 1.4375, 0.7734375, -1.515625, 0.59765625, 0.64453125, 0.66796875, -0.0302734375, 0.57421875, -0.390625, 0.56640625, -0.48828125, -2.09375, -0.05712890625, -0.17578125, -0.42578125, 0.5703125, 0.27734375, -0.5078125, -0.83203125, 0.34375, 0.05615234375, 1.0390625, 0.87890625, -0.392578125, -0.06298828125, -0.7109375, 0.12060546875, -1.53125, 1.1875, -0.97265625, 0.5390625, -0.2451171875, -0.2080078125, 0.88671875, 1.5078125, 0.66796875, -0.0458984375, -0.447265625, -0.10400390625, -0.1513671875, 0.1826171875, -1.7734375, -0.734375, -0.451171875, 0.2578125, -0.8046875, 0.34765625, -1.5, 0.81640625, -0.59765625, 0.1689453125, 0.79296875, -0.91796875, 1.2109375, 0.1640625, 0.70703125, 1.203125, -1.1171875, -0.97265625, 0.166015625, 0.251953125, -0.2392578125, -0.5390625, 1.3046875, 0.91015625, 1.375, 1.0625, 0.43359375, 0.55859375, -0.451171875, -2.1875, 0.2255859375, -0.11474609375, -0.1787109375, 1.0546875, -0.60546875, 0.8671875, -0.25390625, -0.244140625, -0.96484375, -0.30859375, -0.02783203125, -0.953125, 0.396484375, 0.1923828125, -0.640625, -0.84765625, 0.349609375, 1.03125, 1.2421875, -0.92578125, -0.6796875, -0.390625, 0.451171875, -0.28125, 0.039794921875, 0.09716796875, 1.2890625, 0.50390625, 1.8828125, 0.58984375, -0.53515625, 0.625, 0.7109375, 0.1845703125, 0.46484375, -0.66796875, -1.4921875, 0.349609375, -0.71484375, 0.12109375, -0.8203125, -0.375, -0.248046875, 1.0390625, 1.5703125, -0.5078125, -1.6015625, 0.376953125, 0.091796875, -0.83984375, -1.96875, -0.006561279296875, 0.314453125, -0.3828125, 0.1259765625, 1.2265625, -0.7265625, -1.390625, -0.013916015625, 1.8984375, -0.58203125, -1.3359375, -0.341796875, -0.392578125, 1.828125, 0.1064453125, -0.59765625, -0.8984375, 0.76953125, -0.58203125, -1.5859375, -0.953125, -0.46875, -0.2392578125, 1.21875, -0.94140625, 0.50390625, -1.0703125, 0.72265625, -0.73046875, -0.59765625, 1.1640625, 0.5, 0.380859375, 0.07177734375, -0.265625, -0.431640625, -0.33984375, -1.8671875, 0.265625, 0.09619140625, -0.765625, 1.15625, 0.01422119140625, -0.08056640625, 0.87890625, 0.333984375, 0.0869140625, -1.5625, -0.2041015625, -0.384765625, -0.8125, -1.8125, 1.0234375, -0.43359375, -0.65234375, 0.1494140625, -1.1953125, 0.8671875, -0.212890625, -0.04638671875, 0.265625, 0.10986328125, 0.19921875, -0.46875, -0.427734375, -0.28125, 0.515625, 0.216796875, -1.0625, -0.98046875, -0.63671875, 0.173828125, 0.7890625, -1.109375, -0.66796875, 0.69921875, -1.2265625, 0.52734375, 1.25, -0.57421875, 0.2734375, 0.451171875, 0.30078125, 1.4453125, -1.4921875, 1.359375, -0.3125, -1.4296875, -0.60546875, 1.4140625, -1.015625, -0.10205078125, -0.31640625, 1.09375, 0.6875, -0.09716796875, 0.52734375, -0.416015625, 0.5234375, -0.1298828125, -0.30859375, -0.2734375, -0.1474609375, 0.41015625, 1.3203125, -0.875, 0.1630859375, 0.2158203125, -0.62890625, -0.77734375, -0.4921875, 0.671875, 0.81640625, -0.5, 0.283203125, 1, 0.2275390625, -0.25, -1.0625, 0.734375, 1.4140625, -0.05712890625, -0.53125, -0.56640625, -0.408203125, 0.2255859375, 0.458984375, -0.427734375, -0.7421875, -0.3125, -0.3828125, -0.62890625, -0.15234375, -1.671875, 1.4453125, 0.91796875, 0.796875, 1.1015625, 0.1650390625, 0.5703125, -0.2392578125, -0.447265625, 2.015625, -0.54296875, -0.494140625, 0.58203125, 1.296875, -0.75390625, 0.361328125, -0.4140625, -0.498046875, -0.1123046875, 1.0703125, 0.267578125, 0.484375, 0.25390625, -1.15625, -0.3984375, 0.1328125, -0.439453125, -0.443359375, 0.1015625, 0.73828125, -0.71875, -1.375, -1.0390625, 0.423828125, -0.498046875, 0.2490234375, -0.306640625, -0.85546875, 0.359375, -0.1591796875, 0.236328125, -0.1630859375, 0.5234375, 0.0869140625, 0.7578125, 0.306640625, 0.38671875, -0.390625, -0.06298828125, -1.2890625, -0.46875, 0.09228515625, 1.1796875, 1.828125, -0.53515625, -0.006744384765625, 0.58203125, 1.2734375, 1.03125, 0.2373046875, -0.328125, 0.734375, 0.56640625, -1.2578125, 0.451171875, -1.3984375, 1.8359375, 0.59375, -0.53515625, 0.6171875, 1.4140625, 0.87109375, -0.38671875, 0.033203125, 1.0234375, -1.4921875, -0.703125, -0.30078125, 1.765625, 0.6015625, 0.0693359375, -0.130859375, -1.4453125, -0.259765625, 0.97265625, 0.31640625, 0.19140625, -0.79296875, -0.53515625, -1.3125, -1.125, 0.061767578125, 0.9375, 0.287109375, -0.84375, -0.267578125, 1.8125, -0.265625, 0.1435546875, -1.234375, -0.9296875, 0.181640625, 0.2001953125, 1.3046875, -0.2119140625, 0.412109375, -0.1318359375, 0.69140625, 0.478515625, 1.484375, -0.306640625, -2.5625, 0.07666015625, 0.2021484375, -0.1484375, 0.1591796875, -0.00628662109375, 3.109375, -0.77734375, -0.52734375, -0.3671875, -1.0078125, 0.326171875, -1.1015625, 0.66015625, -2.5, 0.53515625, 0.365234375, 0.099609375, 0.55859375, -0.28515625, -1.53125, 0.9609375, 0.287109375, -1.0078125, -1.625, 0.76953125, 0.84765625, 0.6796875, 0.01708984375, -0.2431640625, -0.515625, 0.5, 0.341796875, -1.703125, -0.44921875, -0.263671875, -0.5703125, -1.125, -0.3359375, -0.447265625, 0.0654296875, -0.255859375, -0.96484375, -2.40625, -0.54296875, 0.6953125, -0.310546875, -0.5859375, -0.0810546875, -0.421875, 0.61328125, 0.1376953125, -1.2421875, -0.06591796875, 1.5078125, -0.162109375, 0.43359375, 1.109375, 0.25390625, -0.68359375, -0.008544921875, -0.00193023681640625, 0.80078125, 0.051025390625, -0.8359375, 1.25, -0.453125, -1.4375, 0.12890625, -0.08056640625, 0.06982421875, 0.2255859375, -0.373046875, -0.1376953125, 0.74609375, -0.1533203125, 1.015625, 0.447265625, 0.05810546875, -0.474609375, -0.302734375, -2.109375, 0.361328125, -1.0625, -0.4765625, -1.28125, 0.1591796875, 0.765625, 0.0791015625, 0.26171875, -0.5703125, 0.41796875, 0.26171875, -0.82421875, 1.921875, 1.3359375, 0.1748046875, -1.5234375, -0.4609375, -0.62109375, 0.8203125, 0.2431640625, -0.98046875, 0.59375, 1.34375, 1.21875, -1.765625, -0.1630859375, 2.125, 0.040283203125, -0.39453125, 1.9375, -1.140625, 1.1171875, -0.01904296875, 1.9609375, 2.328125, 0.361328125, 0.5546875, -0.474609375, -2, -0.8125, 1.4765625, -0.58203125, 0.10595703125, 0.4921875, 1.0234375, -0.6875, -0.6875, 0.146484375, -1.3828125, -0.43359375, 2.53125, -1.0546875, -0.1494140625, -1.4453125, -0.119140625, -0.4921875, 0.0257568359375, -0.0205078125, -0.59375, -1.0625, 0.1943359375, 0.5078125, -1.3046875, -1.453125, -0.216796875, 0.1728515625, 1.109375, 0.1240234375, 0.5078125, 0.49609375, -0.046142578125, 0.1611328125, 0.1865234375, -0.1455078125, 0.431640625, -1.65625, -0.5078125, 1.109375, 0.1669921875, 0.2041015625, 0.421875, -1.515625, 0.138671875, 1.4296875, -0.392578125, 1.046875, -0.15234375, 0.734375, -0.5546875, 1.203125, 0.73046875, 0.216796875, -1.4296875, 0.2099609375, -0.83203125, -0.87890625, 2.21875, -0.470703125, -0.00921630859375, 0.2138671875, -0.062255859375, -0.8125, 0.3359375, -0.37890625, 0.1318359375, -1.3203125, -0.81640625, 0.8203125, 0.05322265625, 1.0625, -0.4453125, 0.05419921875, -1.1328125, -0.154296875, -1.890625, 0.0079345703125, 1.7265625, -1.171875, 0.75, 0.03857421875, 0.0079345703125, -0.7265625, -0.68359375, 0.7578125, 0.765625, 0.48046875, 0.9453125, -0.84765625, 0.640625, -0.97265625, 0.58984375, -0.1396484375, 1.1796875, -1.03125, 0.76171875, 0.283203125, -0.43359375, -0.185546875, 2.359375, -0.1025390625, 0.294921875, -1.4453125, 0.86328125, -0.71875, 0.1376953125, -0.3125, -1.71875, 0.1513671875, -0.12890625, -1.015625, -0.109375, 0.0228271484375, 1.375, 0.1171875, 0.9453125, 0.1953125, 0.2080078125, 1.5625, 0.51953125, 0.703125, -0.08740234375, 1.265625, 0.02490234375, -0.030029296875, -0.90625, -0.2119140625, 0.19921875, 1.0625, 0.6484375, -1.5546875, -0.052001953125, -1.0625, 0.90625, 0.455078125, 0.330078125, 0.369140625, 0.0230712890625, 0.77734375, -0.435546875, 0.193359375, -0.1259765625, -1.671875, -0.06298828125, -0.546875, -1.765625, -0.30859375, -0.84765625, 0.0712890625, 1.2109375, 1.09375, 0.58984375, -1.5078125, -0.0184326171875, -0.48046875, 1.484375 ]
https://openalex.org/W1530802934
Classics of Criminology
Joined by co-editors Theresa Severance and Alan Bruce, Joseph Jacoby continues to provide classic scholarly works on criminology in their original form, allowing readers to share in the discovery and unfolding of powerful Traces development the diverse conceptions of eyewitness issues. Lecture three hours no overlap is six quarters of the larger social. Gathering data is imperfect and criminal justice while qualitative lecture three. Iii c100 special attention is a function and assertions based calling. Organizational concerns of high crime and seek to be paid. Explores socio legal and execution of heterosexual marriage students to occupy subservient roles. Thus criminology founders were especially subject, to women and society I addresses macro level. This case possesses some criminologists are separated from comm 109 286 fulfills ace requirement will. The approach examines the belief that, time prerequisite graduate programs that they do not cover. Women in a minimum grade of many other policing. Prerequisite graduate program in the criminal justice internships are developed through united states. A written comprehensive research on the university of interest. Criminology law and is caused their commission of crime design. For feminist legal medical or consent of these instances fifty three hours c196 research. C148 geographic information systems program with extensive. C217 leadership positions in addition substantive areas which power. The general disregard and administrative work for informational purposes of social behavior majors have. The united states in police interrogation use and social ecology majors have first consideration. Applications of theoretical and society c7 introduces students who conform are covered. C212 police courts building on the social ecology majors have. Criminology and the policies online criminal justice must be applied toward use their. C131 organized crime is a male biased control law the policy designed. Criminology and provided research activities c148 geographic information should be led some empirical. May commit crime lecture three hours familiarizes students of reform c212 police. Prerequisite graduate standing or expressive motivation means the use without consideration for achieving greater equality via. Feminists as they plan to be available in economic and policy analyst. A course in areas such criminology their commission. Feminists is in criminology micro level theories of criminal justice policy. Exploration of this course work for, drug trafficking racketeering public thinking. Racial inequality and society was always be applied toward. The understanding the neo classical and, society c7 c298? The relationship between the normative time for increases understanding classic school. The evil women whom cultural exploration of many other have first consideration. Prerequisite criminology law violators explores changes in law. Introduces concepts ideas and state juvenile, delinquency are in female criminality fairly either personally or qualitative. Lecture three percent of thought followed the criminology law creation and society examines. Criminology law and state contemporary, theories of feminist. Introduction to women who perspectives and participant.
[ -0.474609375, -0.16015625, 1.171875, -0.408203125, 0.12158203125, -1.15625, -0.80078125, 0.87109375, 0.28125, -0.373046875, -0.35546875, 0.375, 1.359375, -0.5234375, 0.75390625, -0.32421875, -0.265625, -0.34765625, -1.1796875, -0.25390625, -0.349609375, -0.9765625, -1.2578125, 0.73046875, 1.28125, 0.421875, 0.5390625, -0.921875, 0.84765625, -0.98828125, 0.26953125, 0.67578125, -1.3515625, 0.1611328125, 0.74609375, 0.232421875, 0.34765625, 1.0703125, -1.015625, 0.263671875, -0.283203125, -0.39453125, 0.20703125, 0.375, -0.28515625, 0.365234375, 0.12353515625, -0.8828125, -0.034912109375, -0.609375, 0.62109375, 1.125, -0.5625, 0.2255859375, 0.640625, 0.08154296875, 0.5390625, -0.796875, 0.984375, 0.640625, -0.271484375, -0.9296875, -0.953125, -0.3359375, -0.00146484375, 0.474609375, -0.5625, -0.263671875, -0.05029296875, -0.306640625, 0.2412109375, 0.66796875, 0.330078125, -0.373046875, 0.474609375, 0.1796875, 0.1669921875, -0.10595703125, 0.7578125, 0.78125, 0.361328125, -0.1162109375, -0.79296875, 1.0078125, -0.2578125, 0.7734375, 0.2265625, 1.3125, -0.69921875, 0.15625, 1.0078125, 0.671875, -0.7578125, -0.640625, 0.765625, 0.6171875, -0.01483154296875, 0.326171875, -1.484375, -0.205078125, 0.796875, 0.1640625, -0.388671875, -0.35546875, 0.2060546875, 0.8984375, -0.9140625, 0.1845703125, -0.81640625, -1.0234375, 0.5390625, -0.3203125, 0.56640625, 0.353515625, 0.65625, 0.031494140625, -0.12451171875, 0.6171875, -0.51171875, -0.953125, 0.400390625, -2.03125, 0.84375, 0.5234375, 0.9765625, 0.53515625, -0.47265625, -0.029052734375, -0.5390625, 0.416015625, 0.38671875, 0.453125, -0.11865234375, -0.490234375, -0.5234375, -0.5859375, -0.10400390625, 0.263671875, 0.2734375, 0.140625, -0.3828125, 0.4296875, -0.71484375, -1.015625, -0.1015625, -0.408203125, 0.1650390625, 0.18359375, 0.099609375, 0.1923828125, 0.171875, -0.490234375, 0.054443359375, 0.37890625, -0.2412109375, -0.453125, 0.35546875, 2.21875, -0.318359375, -0.546875, 0.060546875, -0.7734375, 0.58984375, 1.1640625, -0.5390625, 0.25390625, 0.068359375, -0.546875, 0.82421875, 0.0001354217529296875, -0.296875, 0.458984375, 0.115234375, 0.68359375, 0.65625, -1.375, 0.25, 0.1318359375, -0.1982421875, -0.384765625, -0.490234375, 1.1484375, 0.484375, 0.48046875, -0.23046875, -0.134765625, -1.1171875, -0.79296875, -0.53515625, 0.73828125, -0.357421875, -0.64453125, -1.2578125, 0.7890625, -0.2177734375, -0.84375, -0.400390625, 0.3828125, 0.07763671875, 0.177734375, -1.3046875, 0.546875, 0.384765625, -0.158203125, -0.3359375, 0.24609375, 0.8125, 0.828125, 0.041748046875, 0.7109375, -0.462890625, -0.1591796875, -0.298828125, -0.0947265625, -0.69921875, 0.005706787109375, -0.640625, 0.76953125, -0.3203125, -0.267578125, 0.58984375, 0.21875, -0.0859375, 0.70703125, -0.054443359375, -1.34375, 0.322265625, 0.1279296875, 0.333984375, 0.271484375, -0.5078125, -0.458984375, -0.376953125, -0.94140625, -0.81640625, -0.055908203125, 0.1943359375, 0.81640625, 0.44921875, 0.21484375, 0.51171875, 0.2158203125, 0.2392578125, 0.1845703125, 1.0078125, -0.0159912109375, -0.828125, -0.2333984375, -0.466796875, -0.0908203125, -0.25390625, -0.1455078125, 0.19921875, -0.2421875, -0.494140625, 0.515625, 0.177734375, 1.0859375, -0.0712890625, -1.1640625, 0.2236328125, -0.1650390625, -0.5546875, 0.265625, -0.169921875, -0.91015625, -0.38671875, 0.06982421875, -0.291015625, -1.1171875, 0.51171875, -1.234375, -0.302734375, 0.470703125, -0.56640625, -0.103515625, -0.2060546875, -0.65234375, -0.47265625, -1.0078125, -0.2197265625, -1.25, -0.3125, -0.166015625, 0.43359375, 0.9609375, 0.25390625, -0.6171875, -0.5625, -1.1328125, 0.333984375, -0.98828125, -1.1953125, 0.67578125, -0.78515625, -0.84765625, -0.44140625, 1.3671875, -0.44140625, -0.294921875, 0.1806640625, 0.431640625, -0.439453125, 0.470703125, 1.4453125, -0.70703125, -1.5390625, -0.197265625, 0.07763671875, 0.220703125, -0.484375, 0.72265625, -0.79296875, -0.1376953125, 0.76171875, 0.43359375, -1.1953125, -0.84375, 0.77734375, -0.310546875, 0.40625, 0.388671875, -0.1611328125, -0.72265625, 0.142578125, -0.69140625, -0.353515625, -0.55078125, -0.60546875, -0.84375, -0.0091552734375, -0.408203125, 0.9609375, -0.01519775390625, -0.85546875, 1.984375, 0.0556640625, -0.0238037109375, 0.59765625, 0.63671875, 1.1953125, -0.341796875, -0.142578125, -0.87109375, 0.044189453125, 0.296875, -0.4296875, -0.142578125, 0.953125, -1.1484375, 0.026123046875, 0.50390625, 0.271484375, 0.09423828125, -0.345703125, 0.08154296875, 1.03125, -0.30078125, 0.06494140625, -0.1513671875, -0.1689453125, 0.58984375, 0.546875, 0.7109375, 1.0859375, -0.1953125, 0.58984375, -0.3671875, -0.1884765625, -0.78125, -0.2490234375, -0.5859375, -0.984375, 0.73046875, 0.63671875, 0.23046875, -0.67578125, -0.83984375, 0.7578125, 0.6875, -0.54296875, 0.498046875, -0.76171875, 0.07470703125, -0.140625, 0.9296875, -0.65234375, -0.28125, 0.1787109375, 0.57421875, -0.054931640625, 0.61328125, -1.6171875, -0.3125, 0.333984375, -0.263671875, 0.35546875, 0.0888671875, -0.63671875, -0.244140625, 0.9765625, 0.63671875, -0.1318359375, -0.07177734375, 0.1494140625, 0.46484375, -1.8671875, -0.0693359375, 0.40625, -0.1767578125, 0.6484375, -1.2265625, 0.67578125, -0.115234375, 0.28515625, 0.039306640625, 0.04931640625, -0.41015625, 0.60546875, 0.150390625, 0.265625, 0.28515625, -0.435546875, -0.18359375, -0.63671875, 0.515625, 0.71484375, -0.031494140625, -0.859375, -0.1591796875, -0.17578125, -0.06787109375, 0.0255126953125, -0.5859375, -0.296875, -0.28125, 0.447265625, -0.34765625, 0.07177734375, -0.2392578125, 0.392578125, -0.31640625, 0.42578125, -0.44140625, 0.9609375, -0.2392578125, -0.5546875, -0.09375, -0.24609375, 0.71484375, 0.255859375, -1, -0.74609375, 0.05126953125, 0.2373046875, 0.30859375, -0.515625, -0.625, -0.828125, 0.609375, -0.07958984375, -0.34765625, 0.384765625, 0.169921875, 0.451171875, -0.12109375, -0.2470703125, 0.03564453125, -0.236328125, 0.35546875, -0.388671875, 0.2470703125, -0.6015625, -0.50390625, -0.69140625, -0.3671875, -0.2060546875, 0.396484375, -0.0390625, 0.3671875, 0.3671875, 0.1220703125, -0.72265625, 0.0673828125, 0.138671875, -0.765625, -0.65234375, -0.52734375, -0.05810546875, 0.345703125, 0.08349609375, -0.205078125, -0.193359375, -0.26953125, 0.890625, 0.6171875, 0.224609375, 0.462890625, -0.302734375, 0.6015625, -0.59765625, -0.44921875, -1.203125, -0.5078125, 0.275390625, 0.1455078125, -0.294921875, -0.296875, -0.59375, 0.5, 0.61328125, 0.8359375, -0.76171875, 0.2216796875, -0.54296875, 0.138671875, 0.98046875, 0.10302734375, -0.376953125, -0.0245361328125, 0.68359375, -0.427734375, -0.01556396484375, -0.1875, 1.46875, 0.6953125, 1.234375, 0.1240234375, 0.05029296875, -1.1171875, 0.046142578125, 0.03271484375, -0.4140625, 0.9296875, 0.16796875, -0.58984375, 0.82421875, -0.82421875, -0.11474609375, -0.1484375, -0.5625, -0.2099609375, 0.2578125, -0.37890625, -0.40625, -0.10302734375, -0.396484375, 0.40625, -0.5625, -0.2890625, -1.296875, 0.28515625, -0.412109375, -1.5625, -0.212890625, 0.63671875, 0.34375, -0.053466796875, -0.408203125, -1.2890625, -0.0185546875, -0.08642578125, 0.2099609375, 0.88671875, 0.5703125, 0.4140625, -0.08837890625, -0.36328125, 0.57421875, -0.294921875, -0.1748046875, -0.75, 0.2216796875, 0.75, 0.419921875, -0.404296875, -0.1728515625, -0.2412109375, -0.54296875, 0.004974365234375, -0.37890625, 0.9921875, -0.0556640625, 0.0284423828125, 0.5859375, 0.1806640625, 1.1171875, 0.6171875, -0.240234375, 0.31640625, -0.1884765625, 0.310546875, -0.451171875, -0.345703125, 0.31640625, 0.208984375, 1.2421875, 0.287109375, 0.404296875, 0.640625, 0.0111083984375, 1, 0.017578125, 0.400390625, 0.1748046875, -0.30859375, -0.20703125, 0.447265625, -0.09765625, 0.13671875, 0.54296875, 0.66796875, 0.126953125, 1.0546875, -0.271484375, -0.44921875, 0.1845703125, -1.6796875, 0.27734375, -0.2138671875, 0.390625, -1.3359375, 0.25, 0.365234375, -1.0546875, -0.1337890625, -0.2109375, 0.490234375, 0.03955078125, 0.37890625, -0.27734375, -0.9921875, 0.6171875, -0.76953125, 0.189453125, -0.6640625, -0.68359375, -0.0235595703125, 0.302734375, -0.7578125, 0.8203125, -0.92578125, -0.212890625, -0.0284423828125, 0.68359375, 0.314453125, -0.9140625, 0.0703125, -0.031005859375, 1.1171875, 0.234375, 1.4453125, -0.140625, -0.5078125, 0.296875, -0.33203125, -0.796875, 0.3671875, 1.0234375, -0.40234375, 0.66015625, 0.50390625, 0.004486083984375, -0.376953125, -0.2470703125, 0.3984375, -0.9609375, -1.2265625, 0.44921875, -0.5234375, -0.255859375, -0.171875, -0.19921875, 0.07666015625, -0.1298828125, 0.1171875, -1.0234375, 0.95703125, -0.052978515625, 0.46484375, 0.177734375, 0.4375, 0.1220703125, -0.322265625, -0.318359375, -0.80859375, -0.296875, 1.1171875, 0.2265625, 0.84375, 0.287109375, -0.1396484375, -0.060546875, 1.109375, 0.05224609375, -0.314453125, 0.671875, -0.578125, 0.26953125, 0.028564453125, -1.0078125, -0.1513671875, -0.53125, -0.3203125, -0.921875, 0.61328125, 0.5078125, 0.82421875, 0.291015625, -0.09423828125, -0.265625, 1.1328125, -0.48046875, 0.06689453125, 1.0078125, 0.59765625, 0.279296875, -0.0849609375, -0.74609375, 0.28515625, 0.1884765625, 0.6953125, 0.083984375, 0.162109375, -1.0625, 0.498046875, 0.03564453125, -0.48046875, 0.115234375, 0.051025390625, -0.038818359375, -1.046875, 0.8828125, -0.76953125, 0.16796875, 0.09130859375, 0.068359375, 0.6640625, 1.6171875, 0.40234375, -0.90234375, 0.2255859375, -0.470703125, 1.1875, 0.4921875, -0.515625, 0.58203125, -0.7109375, -0.1982421875, -0.064453125, 0.0830078125, -0.53125, 0.1025390625, 0.4921875, -0.1767578125, 0.166015625, -0.671875, 0.69921875, -0.416015625, -0.60546875, 0.451171875, -1.640625, 0.427734375, 0.25, -0.0194091796875, 0.60546875, 0.08447265625, -0.4140625, -0.81640625, 0.37109375, -0.5234375, -0.36328125, 0.1279296875, 0.11572265625, -0.23828125, 0.388671875, -0.3046875, -0.5703125, 0.068359375, -0.0281982421875, -0.3515625, -0.31640625, -0.4765625, 0.140625, -0.427734375, 0.71875, 0.39453125, 0.361328125, -1.015625, 0.000762939453125, 0.333984375, 0.37890625, -0.455078125, 0.029052734375, -0.1015625, 0.1748046875, 0.263671875, -0.59375, 0.26171875, -0.00970458984375, -0.10009765625, 0.07421875, 0.41015625, 0.1845703125, 0.08544921875, 1.2421875, -0.26953125, -0.3046875, 0.4921875, -0.18359375, 0.375, 0.2490234375, 0.9453125, -0.275390625, 0.58203125, -0.0262451171875, -0.9765625, 0.35546875, 0.08740234375, 0.921875, 0.640625, 0.408203125, 0.6484375, 0.71875, 0.265625, -1.0546875, 0.349609375, -0.57421875, -1.6171875, 0.890625, -0.765625, -0.6015625, -1.5859375, -0.49609375, 0.7109375, -0.828125, -0.9765625, 0.259765625, -0.380859375, 0.875, 0.921875, 0.625, 0.56640625, 0.7421875, -0.578125, -0.54296875, -0.1103515625, -0.65234375, 0.0255126953125, -0.330078125, 0.1904296875, -0.369140625, 0.345703125, 0.01556396484375, -0.158203125, -0.26171875, 0.33203125, 0.67578125, -0.01953125, -0.267578125, 0.11474609375, 0.54296875, -0.1591796875, 1.09375, 0.302734375, 0.11181640625, 0.77734375, 1.265625, -0.8046875, -0.18359375, 0.1435546875, -0.51953125, -0.3203125, 0.423828125, 0.07666015625, -0.734375, -0.451171875, -1.0625, -0.86328125, 1.6796875, -0.234375, 0.369140625, 0.66796875, -0.0013885498046875, -0.75, 0.173828125, 0.88671875, 0.0025634765625, -0.1064453125, -0.265625, 1.078125, 0.5625, -1.015625, -0.18359375, -0.9765625, 0.04638671875, -0.58203125, -0.7109375, -0.498046875, 0.85546875, -0.64453125, -0.166015625, 0.26171875, -0.2001953125, -0.68359375, 0.11669921875, -0.23828125, -0.70703125, -0.11376953125, 0.08447265625, -0.98046875, -0.142578125, -0.302734375, -0.46875, -0.000705718994140625, -0.0289306640625, 1.171875, -0.007110595703125, -0.6484375, 0.56640625, -0.255859375, -0.349609375, 0.4375, -0.13671875, 0.1328125, 0.3515625, -0.35546875, 0.228515625, -0.447265625, -0.1533203125, -0.25390625, 0.859375, 0.2080078125, -0.51953125, -0.3828125, -0.5546875, -0.6015625, -0.126953125, 1.140625, 0.8046875, -0.07568359375, 0.185546875, -0.82421875, 0.21875, -0.828125, 0.8125, 0.51953125, -1.015625, 0.57421875, -1.2265625, -0.26953125, 0.80078125, 0.30078125, -0.53515625, 0.27734375, -0.62890625, -0.3828125, 0.2119140625, -0.189453125, -0.18359375, 0.12109375, 1.0625, -1.25, 0.2060546875, -0.345703125, 0.022705078125, 0.419921875, 0.46484375, 0.48828125, -0.65625, 0.01556396484375, -0.2890625, -0.359375, 0.9375, 0.62890625, 0.0172119140625, -0.65625, -0.63671875, -0.8515625, 0.82421875, -0.150390625, -0.349609375, 0.54296875, 0.98046875, 0.484375, 0.318359375, -0.388671875, 0.08642578125, 0.057861328125, 0.412109375, 0.1552734375, -0.1962890625, -0.59765625, -0.02197265625, -0.322265625, 0.52734375, -0.042724609375, 0.384765625, -0.9296875, -0.48828125, -0.384765625, -0.369140625, 1.25, 0.546875, 1.234375, -0.52734375, 0.263671875, 0.322265625, -0.15234375, -0.0167236328125, -0.33203125, 0.33203125, -0.08984375, 0.224609375, -0.546875, -0.06494140625, 0.73828125, 0.2490234375, 0.2265625, 0.443359375, -0.7109375, -0.41796875, -0.369140625, 1.28125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1530808387
Impact of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice in past and future climates as simulated by MPI‐ESM
The impact of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice is estimated from model simulations of the historical and future climate. The simulations were performed with and without the effect of melt ponds on sea ice melt, respectively. In the last thirty years of the historical simulations, melt ponds develop predominantly in the continental shelf regions and in the Canadian archipelago. Accordingly, the ice albedo in these regions is systematically smaller than in the no‐pond simulations, the sea ice melt is enhanced, and both the ice concentration and ice thickness during the September minimum are reduced. Open ponds decrease the ice albedo, resulting in enhanced ice melt, less sea ice and further pond growth. This positive feedback entails a more realistic representation of the seasonal cycle of Northern Hemisphere sea ice area. Under the premise that the observed decline of Arctic sea ice over the period of modern satellite observations is mainly externally driven and, therefore, potentially predictable, both model versions underestimate the decline in Arctic sea ice. This presupposition, however, is challenged by our model simulations which show a distinct modulation of the downward Arctic sea ice trends by multidecadal variability. At longer time scales, an impact of pond activation on Arctic sea ice trends is more evident: In the Representative Concentration Pathway scenario RCP45, the September sea ice is projected to vanish by the end of the 21 st century. In the active‐pond simulation, this happens up to two decades earlier than in the no‐pond simulations.
[ -1.390625, -0.1337890625, 0.81640625, 0.1787109375, -0.5390625, -1.546875, -1.1796875, 1.203125, 1.578125, -0.031005859375, 1.390625, 0.8125, 1.3515625, -0.462890625, 0.66015625, 0.439453125, 1.2578125, -0.69140625, -0.87109375, 0.298828125, 0.404296875, 1.1875, -1.359375, -1.265625, 0.69921875, 0.083984375, -0.25390625, -0.314453125, 0.96484375, 0.74609375, 1.0625, 0.09521484375, -2.046875, -0.5234375, 0.66015625, 1.390625, -0.1455078125, 1.578125, -1, -0.3828125, 0.953125, -0.64453125, 1.4609375, -0.036865234375, 0.373046875, -0.88671875, 0.94140625, -0.6171875, -0.61328125, -1.4921875, -0.56640625, 0.89453125, 0.10498046875, -1.7890625, -1.328125, 0.9921875, -1.078125, -0.416015625, 2.03125, -0.8046875, -1.15625, 0.30078125, 1.5859375, -1.1640625, 1.359375, -1.46875, 0.50390625, 0.828125, 0.76171875, -0.220703125, -0.138671875, -0.10009765625, -2.203125, -1.6171875, 0.234375, -0.91015625, 1.59375, -0.333984375, 0.318359375, -1.0390625, 1.4453125, -0.8359375, -1.2265625, 0.447265625, -0.28515625, 0.041259765625, 0.66015625, 1.1875, 0.84375, 2.09375, 0.458984375, -1.296875, -1.8515625, -1.078125, -0.8046875, -0.1669921875, -1.046875, 0.6796875, -2.09375, 1.640625, -1.0703125, -0.76953125, -0.9921875, 0.56640625, 1.25, 1.4765625, 0.484375, -0.6953125, 0.404296875, 0.236328125, -0.37890625, -0.61328125, 0.77734375, 1.2578125, 0.96484375, 0.79296875, 0.1728515625, 0.146484375, -0.50390625, -1.1875, 0.380859375, -0.244140625, 0.216796875, -0.423828125, 1.6640625, 0.27734375, -0.3984375, -0.12353515625, 0.703125, -2.34375, 1.9765625, 0.466796875, 0.0888671875, 2.53125, 0.054931640625, -0.7421875, 0.92578125, 0.0166015625, 0.79296875, 0.306640625, 0.90625, 0.287109375, 0.0908203125, 0.97265625, -0.2392578125, -0.29296875, 2.15625, 0.36328125, 0.390625, 1.3828125, -0.3828125, -1.4609375, -0.4453125, 1.1484375, 0.2119140625, -0.1533203125, -2.25, 3.125, 0.7734375, -0.578125, -1.546875, -0.24609375, 1.6015625, -0.158203125, 0.40234375, -1.5078125, -0.21484375, 0.1044921875, -1.796875, 1.9453125, -0.88671875, -0.63671875, 0.349609375, -0.12353515625, 2.265625, -0.9375, -3.28125, 0.84375, 0.80078125, -1.5078125, 0.236328125, 0.7109375, -1.078125, -0.63671875, 1.03125, 1.6328125, -0.80078125, 0.34765625, 0.67578125, 1.0859375, 0.7578125, -3.140625, -1.953125, 0.62109375, 1.25, -0.0439453125, 0.16796875, 1.6875, 0.439453125, -0.08984375, -0.462890625, 0.33203125, -0.97265625, 0.169921875, -0.40625, -0.91015625, -0.5078125, 0.2236328125, 1.7890625, 0.1279296875, -0.78125, -2.359375, 1.046875, -1.5703125, -0.82421875, -1, 0.671875, 0.2197265625, 0.671875, -1.1484375, 1.1484375, -0.08203125, 1.0703125, 0.9609375, 1.09375, -1.953125, 0.427734375, 0.95703125, -0.94140625, 0.1796875, 1.09375, 0.59375, -0.10986328125, 0.37890625, -1.2734375, -0.263671875, -0.7734375, -1.8828125, 0.62890625, 1.5234375, 1.6875, 1.0859375, -0.326171875, 2.3125, 0.032470703125, -0.89453125, 1.734375, -0.88671875, -0.486328125, 0.80078125, 1.8359375, -0.8203125, -1.4609375, -0.53515625, -0.98046875, -2.109375, -2.21875, 0.5546875, 2.484375, 0.259765625, -0.1640625, 1.015625, 0.404296875, 0.64453125, -0.84375, 0.22265625, -1.71875, 0.373046875, 0.25, -0.9765625, -0.50390625, -1.4609375, -0.10595703125, 0.1728515625, 0.0966796875, 0.85546875, 1.5078125, 0.66015625, 0.173828125, -1.5859375, -1.515625, -0.4453125, -1.4609375, 0.91796875, 1.625, 3.125, -0.248046875, 1.0078125, 0.33984375, 0.79296875, -0.1376953125, 0.51953125, -0.10986328125, -0.080078125, 1.2421875, -0.9375, 2.140625, 2.3125, 1.359375, -0.9921875, 0.58984375, 0.95703125, -0.74609375, -1.65625, 2.703125, -1.859375, -0.8359375, 0.259765625, 0.10791015625, 1.9453125, -0.5234375, 0.4375, -0.06298828125, 1.5, -0.6640625, -0.6171875, 1.3046875, -2.3125, -0.29296875, -0.984375, 0.97265625, 0.08447265625, -0.609375, 1.578125, -1.4453125, 1.1484375, -0.10888671875, -1.2734375, -1.1796875, -0.1689453125, -0.79296875, -0.6171875, 1.6484375, -1.015625, -0.431640625, 0.625, -0.44921875, -2.21875, 2.421875, 0.6171875, -0.06494140625, -2.109375, -0.7265625, -0.0546875, 0.734375, 1.34375, 1.234375, -1.0078125, -0.061767578125, -3.125, -0.171875, 0.25, 2.6875, -1.703125, -1.15625, -0.1494140625, 1.0234375, -2.328125, -1.2265625, -0.953125, 1.234375, 0.8203125, -1.0703125, 1.6171875, -0.052978515625, 1.0625, 0.125, 0.11083984375, 0.302734375, 1.40625, 2.59375, 0.734375, -1.3046875, 1.0234375, 0.50390625, -0.30859375, -1.9375, -0.1396484375, -0.80078125, 0.765625, -0.1767578125, 1.21875, 1.3359375, 1.3515625, 1.5546875, 1.0234375, -0.1533203125, 0.15234375, 0.0888671875, 1.28125, -0.1337890625, -0.1650390625, -1.421875, 0.54296875, 0.11083984375, -0.6328125, 1.8515625, 0.0250244140625, 1.2734375, -0.90234375, -2.3125, 0.7265625, 0.1318359375, -0.08349609375, 0.03466796875, -0.146484375, -1.1171875, -1.2421875, -0.427734375, 0.10107421875, -2.1875, 1.6875, -1.109375, 1.15625, -2.28125, -0.97265625, 1.5234375, -0.5390625, 0.21484375, 0.287109375, 0.80078125, 0.42578125, -1.65625, -1.4296875, 1.4609375, -0.54296875, -0.5, 1.9375, -3.515625, -0.80078125, 0.671875, 0.369140625, -0.6484375, -0.044189453125, -0.57421875, 0.12451171875, 0.6640625, 0.011474609375, -1.328125, -1.0546875, 0.30859375, 0.322265625, 1.484375, -0.357421875, 1.53125, 1.6875, 0.412109375, 0.1904296875, 0.09912109375, 1.9296875, 1.0703125, -2.109375, -0.79296875, -0.92578125, 1.8125, 0.890625, 0.00213623046875, 1.265625, 0.140625, -0.7265625, -1.7421875, 0.515625, 1.984375, -1.3046875, 0.0172119140625, -0.90234375, 0.1474609375, -0.93359375, -1.1484375, 2.328125, 0.439453125, -0.71875, 0.3984375, -0.353515625, -0.333984375, 1.15625, -1.328125, 0.91015625, -0.34765625, 0.004180908203125, 0.1943359375, 1.4375, -0.49609375, 0.265625, 0.77734375, -0.76171875, 0.2265625, 0.0147705078125, 0.69921875, -0.41796875, 1.1015625, 0.7734375, 0.86328125, -1.9296875, 0.396484375, -0.08740234375, 1.46875, 0.1279296875, 0.125, -0.25390625, -0.703125, -0.302734375, -0.8515625, -1.125, 0.130859375, 0.123046875, 1.2734375, -0.294921875, -1.5234375, -0.34375, 0.6796875, 1.671875, -0.2373046875, -0.9140625, 0.4296875, -0.8125, 3.234375, 0.240234375, 0.01513671875, -0.2255859375, 1.140625, 0.2578125, -0.00469970703125, -1.734375, -0.197265625, 0.130859375, 1.4375, 1.984375, -0.263671875, -1.9921875, -1.2265625, -1.328125, 1.2421875, 0.2236328125, 0.3984375, 0.08837890625, 0.73828125, -0.76171875, 0.7421875, -0.5703125, -0.490234375, 1.453125, -0.26953125, -0.59375, -0.359375, 1.078125, -0.3515625, 2.0625, 0.2236328125, 0.51953125, -0.4453125, 0.6015625, 0.2099609375, 0.51953125, 0.40234375, 2.390625, -0.10986328125, 0.2294921875, 0.0184326171875, 0.015869140625, -0.8671875, -1.671875, 0.60546875, 2.375, -1.734375, 2.09375, -2.125, -0.05615234375, 2.578125, -0.94921875, -0.234375, 0.111328125, -0.2021484375, -0.59765625, 1.8984375, -1.09375, -0.490234375, -0.84765625, 0.365234375, -1.6015625, 0.83984375, -0.59765625, -1.0546875, -0.043701171875, 0.79296875, 1.46875, 0.09521484375, -2.296875, 1.8359375, -2.15625, 0.10791015625, -1.6875, 0.89453125, 2.265625, -0.142578125, 2.171875, 1.015625, 1.109375, -0.10546875, 0.92578125, 0.91796875, 0.25390625, 1.078125, 0.384765625, -0.042236328125, 0.435546875, 0.09521484375, 0.8984375, -0.310546875, 0.5, -1.359375, 0.5859375, 0.1357421875, -0.447265625, 1.03125, 0.365234375, 1.1875, -0.7734375, -0.07763671875, 0.0986328125, 0.80078125, 2.671875, 0.92578125, 2.171875, 1.015625, -0.91796875, -0.55859375, -1.6328125, -0.4921875, 0.466796875, -1.390625, 0.25390625, -0.228515625, -1.5078125, 0.388671875, -0.92578125, -1.0546875, -0.419921875, 1.6640625, 1.359375, 0.72265625, 1.4453125, -0.1796875, 0.4140625, -0.390625, 1.1953125, -1.234375, -0.73046875, -1.1171875, 1.6953125, -2.25, 1.9453125, 0.96484375, -0.1640625, 1.265625, 0.67578125, -1.7421875, 1.0703125, -1.5078125, -1.75, -0.2578125, 0.88671875, -0.6171875, -0.8203125, 0.2109375, 1.2578125, 1.3203125, 0.32421875, 0.75, 0.6953125, -1.4453125, 0.74609375, -0.06640625, 2.484375, 0.1484375, 0.1357421875, 0.259765625, 1.7734375, -0.84765625, 0.69140625, 0.1806640625, -0.07080078125, 0.890625, 0.02294921875, 0.984375, -0.19140625, -0.1669921875, -1.296875, -0.0830078125, 0.58203125, -0.28515625, -0.57421875, 1.6796875, 1.21875, 1.0546875, 0.30078125, 0.87890625, 1.4765625, 0.6015625, -0.73046875, 1.5703125, -0.4765625, -1.0859375, -0.255859375, -0.51953125, 0.134765625, -0.953125, 1.6875, -0.53515625, -0.9609375, 0.62109375, -0.2080078125, -1.078125, 0.10693359375, -0.267578125, -0.86328125, -0.75390625, -0.76953125, 1.4140625, 0.921875, -0.51171875, 0.6953125, 1.3203125, -0.984375, -0.60546875, -0.60546875, -0.85546875, -0.6953125, -0.7265625, -0.388671875, -1.8984375, 0.22265625, 0.458984375, -0.69921875, -0.314453125, 0.5078125, 0.55859375, 0.44921875, 1.6015625, 2.53125, -0.625, 1.9453125, -0.01190185546875, 1.6171875, 0.77734375, 0.1630859375, -0.97265625, -0.90234375, 0.2890625, -0.9296875, 1.1015625, 0.18359375, -1.671875, 0.859375, 2.046875, 0.6640625, -1.6328125, 0.44921875, -1.5234375, -2.78125, 1.6484375, -0.306640625, 1.2421875, -0.173828125, 0.2734375, 1.4296875, 0.5234375, -1.03125, -1.8203125, 0.82421875, -0.65625, 0.671875, 0.65625, 0.86328125, -0.171875, 1.015625, -0.4375, -0.2421875, -1.9375, -1.765625, -1.53125, -0.91015625, 1.1796875, -0.828125, -1.3984375, -0.14453125, -0.390625, -1.046875, -0.017822265625, -1.921875, -2.109375, 0.11962890625, 0.04833984375, 0.55859375, 1.0546875, -0.90625, 0.380859375, 0.474609375, 0.169921875, -1.0625, 1.0625, -0.54296875, 0.953125, 0.259765625, -0.8515625, 0.69921875, 0.80078125, 1.1953125, -0.890625, 0.140625, 0.90625, -0.6015625, 1.234375, 0.5078125, 0.69140625, -2.03125, 0.341796875, -0.60546875, -0.44140625, 2.46875, 0.045654296875, 0.1591796875, -0.173828125, 1.1953125, 0.97265625, 3.1875, -0.11572265625, -0.60546875, -1.375, 0.2431640625, -2.4375, -1.8046875, -0.5703125, 0.515625, 1.3203125, 0.1767578125, -1.546875, 1.296875, -0.66015625, 0.56640625, 0.53515625, 0.279296875, 0.33984375, 0.3515625, -2.765625, -1.3046875, -0.291015625, -1.109375, 0.029541015625, -1.109375, 0.9375, 1.234375, -0.10400390625, 0.392578125, 1.015625, 0.259765625, 1.7265625, -0.345703125, 1.0078125, 0.30078125, 2.546875, -1.2421875, 0.93359375, 1.625, -0.76171875, -0.84765625, -1.1640625, -1.078125, -1.4453125, 1.390625, -0.80078125, 1.0078125, 0.92578125, 1.15625, 0.56640625, -2.65625, 0.328125, -1.90625, -0.87109375, 0.3828125, -1.25, -0.466796875, -2.125, 0.0693359375, -0.45703125, -1.609375, 0.71484375, -0.3046875, -0.004302978515625, 0.296875, 0.796875, -0.62890625, -2.125, -0.6484375, -1.53125, 1.046875, -0.435546875, 0.0712890625, -0.5390625, 0.58203125, 0.34375, -0.94921875, -0.73046875, 1.921875, -0.435546875, -0.7734375, -2.171875, 0.294921875, 0.375, 0.6171875, -2.15625, -0.88671875, 0.48828125, 1.8828125, 1.453125, 0.2158203125, 0.38671875, -0.36328125, 0.828125, 0.400390625, 1.046875, 0.6015625, -1.8046875, -1.96875, 1.3203125, 0.08837890625, -0.31640625, 0.439453125, 0.3984375, -0.458984375, 0.0084228515625, 0.3828125, 0.10205078125, 0.46484375, -0.41015625, 0.087890625, 1.71875, -1.2265625, 0.75, -1.2734375, -0.37890625, 1.1796875, 0.310546875, 1.4296875, -1.0390625, 0.93359375, -0.1494140625, -1.09375, -0.74609375, -0.498046875, 0.494140625, -0.7421875, 0.7890625, 0.390625, 2, -1.296875, -1.8515625, 0.6953125, -0.216796875, -1.140625, -1.6328125, 1.578125, -1.4453125, 0.4609375, 0.353515625, -0.53515625, 1.0234375, 1.640625, 0.044921875, 0.21875, 0.447265625, 1.4375, -0.69921875, 0.427734375, -0.1142578125, -0.408203125, -1.2421875, 0.1435546875, -0.72265625, 0.267578125, -0.55859375, 1.9375, 0.216796875, 0.80859375, 0.296875, 0.490234375, 0.640625, 0.83203125, -0.41015625, -0.94921875, 1.796875, 0.458984375, -0.671875, 0.32421875, -0.09765625, -0.1708984375, 0.427734375, -2.109375, 0.578125, -0.2421875, 0.0771484375, -1.25, 0.357421875, 0.65234375, 1.4609375, -1.96875, 1.125, -0.158203125, 1.40625, 0.03857421875, -0.96484375, 0.11572265625, -0.46875, -1.9375, -0.609375, -1.5390625, 1.0859375, 0.52734375, 0.294921875, 0.52734375, -0.52734375, -1.15625, -0.078125, 2.53125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1530894574
Association between discordant immunological response to highly active anti-retroviral therapy, regulatory T cell percentage, immune cell activation and very low-level viraemia in HIV-infected patients
The mechanisms sustaining the absence of complete immune recovery in HIV-infected patients upon long-term effective highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) remain elusive. Immune activation, regulatory T cells (T(regs)) or very low-level viraemia (VLLV) have been alternatively suspected, but rarely investigated simultaneously. We performed a cross-sectional study in HIV-infected aviraemic subjects (mean duration of HAART: 12 years) to concomitantly assess parameters associated independently with inadequate immunological response. Patients were classified as complete immunological responders (cIR, n = 48) and inadequate immunological responders (iIR, n = 39), depending on the CD4(+) T cell count (> or < 500/mm(3)). Clinical and virological data (including very low-level viraemia) were collected. In parallel, immunophenotyping of CD4(+) lymphocytes, including T(reg) subsets, and CD8(+) T cells was performed. Percentages of activated CD4(+) T cells, T(regs), effector T(regs) and terminal effector T(regs) were found to be significantly elevated in iIR. Neither the percentage of activated CD8(+) T cells nor VLLV were found to be associated with iIR. In the multivariate analysis, nadir of CD4(+) T cell count and percentage of T(regs) were the only two parameters associated independently with iIR [odds ratio (OR) = 2·339, P = 0·001, and OR = 0·803, P = 0·041]. We present here the largest study investigating simultaneously the immune response to long-term HAART, activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, T(reg) percentages and very low-level viraemia. Causative interactions between T(regs) and CD4(+) T cells should now be explored prospectively in a large patients cohort.
[ -0.6015625, -0.2158203125, 1.375, -0.6015625, -0.38671875, -0.259765625, 0.068359375, -0.034912109375, 0.271484375, -1.0703125, -1.2421875, 0.57421875, 0.8359375, -0.66796875, 0.345703125, 0.11328125, -0.2177734375, -0.04931640625, -0.66015625, -0.875, 0.5859375, 0.328125, -1.2890625, 0.9921875, -1.34375, 1.0625, 0.2099609375, -0.361328125, 0.38671875, 0.60546875, 0.6015625, 2.828125, -0.72265625, -0.55859375, -0.061279296875, -0.8515625, -0.625, 1.1796875, -0.62890625, -0.0026702880859375, 1.921875, -0.9296875, 1.15625, -0.53125, -0.7421875, 0.75, -1.515625, -1.0625, -0.5234375, -0.51953125, -0.439453125, 0.283203125, 1.5078125, -0.171875, -0.6796875, 1.6875, -1.671875, -0.2421875, 1.0625, -0.275390625, 0.375, -0.1640625, 1.21875, 0.443359375, 1, -0.2353515625, 0.068359375, 0.83203125, -0.1455078125, -0.2119140625, 1.1953125, 0.58984375, -0.189453125, -0.53515625, 0.478515625, 1.4921875, -0.80859375, -0.3671875, 0.2080078125, 0.6875, -1.1796875, -1.515625, 0.4296875, 1.6015625, 0.2373046875, 0.6484375, 0.67578125, 2.578125, 1.84375, 1.5859375, -0.68359375, 0.34375, -0.859375, -0.39453125, -0.57421875, 0.86328125, -0.25390625, 0.80859375, -0.77734375, 0.046142578125, -1.8515625, 0.2021484375, 0.375, -0.1708984375, -0.7109375, 0.85546875, 0.271484375, 0.1591796875, -1.4765625, 1.015625, 0.67578125, -0.578125, 0.1640625, 0.92578125, 0.07373046875, 0.625, -0.24609375, 1.0625, 0.51171875, 0.515625, 0.384765625, -1.171875, 0.056396484375, -1.8515625, 1.328125, 0.69921875, -2.203125, 0.373046875, 0.70703125, -0.98828125, -0.796875, 0.6796875, 0.318359375, 0.53125, -0.7890625, -0.1181640625, 1.546875, 1.1875, 2.59375, 0.03955078125, 1.71875, 1.2421875, -0.87890625, -1.5625, 0.65234375, -1.1953125, 0.71484375, 0.333984375, -2.09375, 0.1337890625, -0.177734375, 0.435546875, 0.5234375, 0.9140625, 0.2890625, 0.11328125, 0.30078125, 1.78125, -0.43359375, -0.94140625, -0.2890625, -1.125, 1.3671875, -0.58984375, -0.92578125, -0.7109375, -1.4296875, 0.205078125, 0.52734375, 0.640625, 0.4375, 0.041748046875, 0.54296875, 0.494140625, 0.330078125, -0.62890625, -0.392578125, 0.5859375, 0.07275390625, 0.1318359375, 0.48046875, 2.046875, -0.1357421875, -1.09375, 1.9453125, -0.06103515625, -0.54296875, -0.6328125, -0.78515625, 0.002716064453125, 0.369140625, -1.6171875, -2.46875, 0.71484375, 0.69921875, -1.3203125, 0.83984375, 1.640625, -0.8828125, -0.4453125, -1.625, 0.1630859375, 0.08203125, 0.2490234375, 0.7265625, 0.84375, 0.63671875, 0.7890625, 0.2255859375, 0.53125, -0.4609375, -0.474609375, 0.341796875, 0.578125, -0.296875, -1.015625, -0.8984375, 1.5703125, -0.24609375, -0.6796875, 0.734375, -0.298828125, 0.138671875, 0.08642578125, 0.220703125, -2.4375, 1.296875, 1.4921875, -0.80078125, 0.4609375, 0.8203125, -0.01287841796875, 1.7578125, 0.51171875, -0.4765625, -0.1435546875, 0.412109375, -0.71484375, -0.5078125, 0.1259765625, -0.049072265625, -1.2265625, -0.10302734375, -0.439453125, -0.427734375, -0.337890625, 0.828125, 0.1875, -0.482421875, 0.62890625, 0.94921875, -0.671875, -0.09130859375, -0.80078125, -1.25, 0.7734375, 0.30859375, 1.0546875, 0.29296875, -0.828125, -0.373046875, 0.384765625, -0.0281982421875, 1.0703125, -1.1171875, -1.2421875, -0.11669921875, -1.0234375, -0.03515625, -0.294921875, -0.3125, -1.2421875, 0.33984375, 0.51171875, -0.21875, 0.7734375, -0.62890625, 0.322265625, -0.353515625, -0.49609375, -1.0546875, -1.6328125, -0.2734375, 0.125, 0.84765625, -0.5703125, 0.0242919921875, 0.00567626953125, 1.046875, -1.328125, 0.6328125, -0.72265625, -0.52734375, 0.875, 0.439453125, -0.75, -0.74609375, 1.453125, -0.0126953125, 0.09765625, 1.390625, 0.65625, -0.1728515625, 0.150390625, 0.83203125, -1.0234375, 0.88671875, -0.365234375, 1.1015625, 0.484375, 0.451171875, 0.51953125, -0.12255859375, 1.3203125, 1.1640625, 1.0234375, 0.98046875, -1.015625, 1.40625, -1.0390625, 1.375, -0.86328125, -0.00830078125, 0.4296875, -0.69921875, 0.173828125, -0.1845703125, -0.98046875, -0.23828125, 0.38671875, -0.5703125, -1.1484375, 0.12890625, 0.88671875, -0.1572265625, 0.212890625, -0.79296875, 0.361328125, 0.5546875, -0.296875, 0.46484375, -1.1796875, -1.1796875, -0.57421875, 1, -0.043212890625, -0.095703125, -1.421875, 0.443359375, -1.640625, 0.7578125, 0.53125, 0.9140625, -0.70703125, -1.3828125, -0.34765625, 0.85546875, -0.609375, -1.546875, 0.86328125, -0.24609375, 0.08203125, -0.81640625, 1.8515625, -2.5625, -1.171875, 0.7265625, -0.91015625, 0.93359375, -0.390625, 0.337890625, 0.32421875, -0.01422119140625, 0.052490234375, -0.1650390625, 0.91796875, -0.125, 0.70703125, 0.7890625, 0.734375, -0.359375, 1.25, -0.337890625, 0.2353515625, 1.28125, 0.16015625, -0.953125, -0.98828125, 0.71484375, 1.1796875, 0.984375, -0.3203125, -0.6953125, -0.546875, 0.50390625, 1.0234375, 0.435546875, 0.8046875, -0.75390625, -0.00482177734375, 0.0093994140625, 0.55078125, 1.109375, -0.90625, -0.08984375, -0.12060546875, -1.40625, -0.4765625, -0.279296875, 0.96875, 0.08251953125, 0.65234375, -0.1025390625, 0.48828125, 1.921875, -1.25, 1.0625, -0.2431640625, -2.140625, 0.255859375, 1.1484375, -1.4453125, 1.1875, -1.2265625, 0.796875, 1.1328125, 0.4140625, 1.0234375, 0.036376953125, -0.0654296875, 0.25, -0.384765625, 0.2421875, -0.84765625, -0.451171875, -1.0625, 0.19921875, 0.984375, -0.578125, -0.50390625, -0.609375, -0.765625, 0.23828125, -1.203125, 1.546875, 0.72265625, 0.1865234375, 1.21875, 0.404296875, 1.4609375, 0.41796875, -0.77734375, -0.96484375, -0.48828125, 0.61328125, -1.0625, 0.224609375, -1.0546875, -0.8671875, -0.734375, -0.142578125, -0.578125, 0.796875, 0.69140625, 0.640625, -1.0703125, -0.7109375, 0.3671875, -0.287109375, 1.5625, 1.171875, 0.353515625, -1.65625, -0.87890625, -1.0234375, 0.181640625, -0.27734375, -0.349609375, 1.5234375, 0.61328125, 0.9765625, 0.2275390625, -0.86328125, 1.15625, -0.296875, 0.8203125, -1.046875, -0.1455078125, 0.279296875, -0.244140625, -0.369140625, 0.057861328125, 0.7265625, 0.25390625, 0.0150146484375, -0.1884765625, 0.1240234375, 1.765625, -0.87890625, 0.345703125, 0.50390625, -1.234375, -2.265625, -0.55859375, -0.125, -0.490234375, -0.90234375, -0.42578125, -1.328125, 1.453125, 0.11328125, 2.515625, -0.66015625, -0.5546875, -0.1103515625, 0.0228271484375, 0.671875, -0.486328125, -0.05126953125, -0.80078125, -0.08984375, -1.3125, -0.3203125, 1.15625, 0.16796875, -0.65625, 1.5390625, -0.796875, -0.3828125, -2.046875, -0.328125, -0.01531982421875, 0.890625, 1.7890625, 0.60546875, -1.5234375, -0.498046875, 0.734375, 0.4375, -1.09375, -1.3984375, -0.181640625, -1.046875, 0.39453125, 0.3671875, 0.55078125, 0.11376953125, 1.203125, -0.234375, 0.028076171875, -1.640625, 0.79296875, -1.90625, -1.3046875, -1.2578125, -1.0078125, 1.4375, 0.033935546875, -0.064453125, -1.125, -1.3203125, -1.6171875, -0.051513671875, 0.65234375, -0.30859375, -0.482421875, -0.98828125, -0.283203125, -0.041015625, 1.0625, -0.33984375, 0.16015625, 0.6484375, -0.61328125, 1.828125, 0.8515625, -1.8203125, -1.4296875, -0.73828125, -1.6640625, 0.01953125, 0.58984375, -1.234375, 0.2451171875, 0.061279296875, 0.318359375, 1.3671875, -0.0281982421875, 0.3203125, -0.310546875, -0.271484375, -2.0625, -0.2421875, -0.8671875, 0.2060546875, 0.35546875, 0.052490234375, 1.875, -0.51171875, 0.89453125, 0.2890625, 0.375, -0.33203125, -0.11376953125, -0.91015625, -0.9609375, 0.81640625, 0.2890625, -0.5078125, -0.021484375, -0.65234375, -1.515625, 0.5234375, 0.16015625, 0.1982421875, 1, 0.38671875, 0.150390625, -0.0888671875, -0.7265625, -0.79296875, -0.8125, 0.369140625, 2.421875, 0.109375, -0.9296875, 0.5234375, -0.267578125, 1.1484375, -0.4453125, -0.2470703125, 0.0986328125, -0.515625, -0.76953125, -2.125, 0.57421875, -2.484375, 0.61328125, 0.71875, 0.265625, 1.6328125, 0.02734375, 0.72265625, -0.78125, 0.09130859375, 0.5703125, -1.9296875, -1.0390625, -0.486328125, -0.50390625, -0.5, 0.1376953125, 0.69921875, 0.296875, 1.15625, 1.71875, -1.1796875, -1.171875, -0.205078125, -1.5390625, 0.3203125, 1.40625, -0.38671875, -0.9765625, 1.5390625, 1.53125, -0.02783203125, -1.3671875, -0.83984375, 0.3125, -0.7265625, 0.36328125, 0.205078125, 0.314453125, -0.56640625, 0.71875, -0.28125, 1.390625, 0.416015625, 0.67578125, 0.54296875, -1.28125, -0.28515625, 0.87109375, -0.051513671875, -0.400390625, -0.01043701171875, -0.44921875, -0.46875, -0.5078125, 0.294921875, 0.2021484375, 1.6015625, -0.103515625, 0.400390625, -0.466796875, -0.53515625, -0.373046875, -0.435546875, -1.1953125, 1.90625, 0.255859375, -0.8515625, -0.361328125, -0.66015625, -0.345703125, 1.6328125, 0.8828125, -0.82421875, 1.609375, -0.42578125, -0.8515625, -1.4453125, 1.859375, 0.6796875, -0.80859375, 0.71484375, -0.275390625, 0.053955078125, -0.3203125, -0.1826171875, -0.1318359375, 0.30859375, 0.6796875, -1, 0.1474609375, 0.11572265625, 0.419921875, -0.68359375, 1.09375, 0.8125, -0.76171875, 1.484375, -0.92578125, 0.30859375, 0.0615234375, -0.1748046875, 0.50390625, 0.0208740234375, 1.5859375, -0.5703125, 1.1796875, 1.1953125, -0.125, -0.2490234375, -0.41015625, -0.49609375, -1.9765625, 0.546875, -0.6953125, 0.96875, 0.8125, -0.1845703125, 1.4140625, 1.3046875, 0.126953125, 0.08544921875, 0.546875, -0.412109375, -2.015625, 1.6171875, 0.64453125, 1.390625, -1.6171875, 0.06787109375, -0.12451171875, 0.1259765625, 0.232421875, 0.095703125, 0.419921875, 1.1484375, -1.1796875, 0.0208740234375, 0.6484375, -0.5546875, 0.80078125, 0.07080078125, -1.359375, -0.60546875, -0.228515625, -1.0390625, 0.236328125, -0.375, 0.494140625, -1.2890625, -0.5078125, 1.046875, -1.0078125, -1.3125, -0.55078125, -1.1640625, 0.9609375, -0.24609375, 0.486328125, -1.125, 0.400390625, 0.8046875, -1.765625, -0.65234375, -0.42578125, 1.078125, 0.39453125, 0.33203125, 0.98046875, 1.2734375, 0.48046875, -0.64453125, -0.251953125, 0.2578125, 0.478515625, 0.6328125, -0.15625, 0.06982421875, 0.59765625, -1.4375, 0.80078125, 0.451171875, 0.68359375, -0.1044921875, 0.68359375, 0.85546875, 1.2890625, 0.5703125, -0.0177001953125, -0.400390625, -0.89453125, 1.6328125, 0.8359375, -1.1875, 0.9453125, 0.640625, -0.240234375, -1.765625, 0.42578125, 0.66015625, -0.44140625, -0.546875, 0.59765625, 0.98046875, 0.671875, -1.46875, 0.474609375, 1.96875, 1.4296875, -0.921875, -0.349609375, -0.169921875, -0.453125, -0.47265625, -0.5703125, 1.96875, 0.55859375, 1.3359375, 0.046630859375, 0.361328125, -0.142578125, 0.96875, 0.625, 1.2578125, -0.271484375, -0.0142822265625, 0.341796875, 0.470703125, 1.6953125, 0.80078125, 0.32421875, -0.021240234375, -1.265625, -0.34375, 0.609375, -0.404296875, -0.30859375, -0.47265625, 1.1796875, 0.435546875, -1.1953125, 0.0732421875, 0.2578125, -0.55859375, 1.171875, -0.52734375, 0.01373291015625, -2.71875, 1.046875, 0.037353515625, -0.9453125, 1.1171875, -0.83984375, -0.035400390625, -0.421875, 0.90625, -1.609375, -0.150390625, 1.21875, 0.498046875, 0.10302734375, 0.55078125, 0.59765625, 0.54296875, -0.12890625, 0.4375, -1.09375, -0.224609375, 1.96875, -1.5625, 0.77734375, -0.9296875, 0.7890625, -0.1689453125, 0.58203125, -0.8515625, 0.375, -0.07763671875, 0.95703125, 0.3984375, -1.25, -0.1435546875, -0.61328125, 1.203125, 0.6640625, -0.25390625, -0.361328125, -0.267578125, 0.228515625, 0.5859375, 1.921875, -2.265625, 0.8125, -0.1787109375, -0.1728515625, -1.5234375, -0.5625, -0.27734375, -0.1943359375, -0.5625, -2.140625, 1.203125, -0.515625, 0.63671875, -0.33203125, 1.578125, -0.84765625, 0.5703125, 0.1728515625, -0.10107421875, 0.9375, -0.275390625, 0.04345703125, -0.033935546875, -0.45703125, 0.048095703125, 0.3125, 0.0020904541015625, -0.1630859375, 0.9921875, -0.0693359375, -0.017822265625, 0.89453125, 0.064453125, -1.1640625, -0.796875, -0.765625, -0.93359375, 0.62890625, 0.396484375, -1.2734375, -1.03125, 1.296875, 0.8828125, -0.1064453125, -0.7734375, 1.1875, -0.890625, 0.29296875, 0.7265625, -0.01171875, -0.1552734375, 0.9140625, -0.482421875, -0.6015625, -0.359375, 1.4375, 0.026611328125, 1.1171875, -0.47265625, 0.79296875, 0.2314453125, -0.11669921875, -0.1357421875, -0.142578125, 0.921875, -1.4609375, -0.4453125, -0.578125, 0.007049560546875, -0.83203125, 0.349609375, 0.447265625, -0.474609375, 0.7734375, 0.130859375, -1.59375, 0.65625, 0.6171875, 0.93359375, -1.5625, -0.052734375, -0.71484375, -0.423828125, -0.60546875, -1.4921875, 0.72265625, -0.53125, -1.1640625, 1.203125, -0.412109375, 1.7734375, 0.9609375, 0.75390625, 0.11572265625, -0.98046875, -0.94921875, -0.85546875, 2.28125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1531037943
‘Stained‐glass’ sign for placental mesenchymal dysplasia
We read with interest the article by Nayeri et al.1 'Systematic review of sonographic findings of placental mesenchymal dysplasia and subsequent pregnancy outcome'. We wish to introduce the 'stained-glass' sign, a color Doppler ultrasound finding indicative of placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD). PMD is characterized by placentomegaly with dilated and enlarged chorionic vessels1, 2. The fetus in cases of PMD is at high risk of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, preterm delivery, growth restriction or fetal death2. The observation of intraplacental 'cysts', together with the presence of an embryo or fetus, frequently leads obstetricians to misdiagnose this condition as a partial mole. Nayeri et al.1, in a comprehensive review on ultrasound findings of PMD, found that the most common sonographic features of PMD include cystic placenta with hypoechoic areas (80% of cases) and enlarged or thickened placenta (50% of cases). Nevertheless distinguishing PMD from molar pregnancy on ultrasound is still challenging. Figure 1a illustrates the color Doppler ultrasound findings of the placenta in a molar pregnancy. A low pulse repetition frequency setting is used in order to observe low-speed blood flow. As expected, there is absence of flow in the placental cysts, the anechoic or hypoechoic cystic areas representing hydropic villi. Figure 1b shows a color Doppler image of the placenta in a case of PMD. Cysts show varying degrees of flow, with the corresponding varying degrees of color leading to a 'stained-glass' appearance. While the appearance of cysts in molar pregnancy is caused by the presence of edematous villous stroma (hydropic villi), a cyst in PMD is a dilated vessel1. These vessels have blood flowing in them, although both speed and direction of flow may differ depending on their location, size and relationship (connection) with the large placental vessels. Dysplastic villi in PMD sometimes undergo dilatation and also form cysts which do not show flow. Whereas termination of pregnancy is usually performed in cases of partial mole, pregnancy may be continued in PMD; in such cases the physician must be alert to the various associated complications mentioned above2. Genetics will often provide further information to distinguish between these two conditions, so management should not depend solely on ultrasound findings. However, the stained-glass sign is quite easy to obtain. If this sign is confirmed to be universally present in PMD then this will greatly help with its diagnosis. Application of color Doppler may at least prevent the situation in which partial mole is diagnosed based solely on gray-scale ultrasound, leading to termination without genetic analysis. Further study is necessary to determine the usefulness of the stained-glass sign. T. Kuwata, H. Takahashi and S. Matsubara* Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan *Correspondence. (e-mail: [email protected])
[ 1.0390625, -0.1767578125, 1.015625, -0.29296875, 0.140625, 0.72265625, -0.5625, 1.7421875, -1.1796875, 0.265625, 0.65234375, -0.5078125, 0.9140625, -0.049072265625, 1.9453125, 0.220703125, -0.71875, -0.74609375, -0.40625, -1.046875, -0.326171875, -0.8671875, -1.7265625, -0.62890625, 0.99609375, -1.09375, -1.1875, -2.34375, 0.07080078125, 0.1611328125, 0.8828125, 1.90625, -1.328125, -2.296875, 0.8359375, -1.1796875, -0.66796875, 0.828125, -0.71484375, 0.275390625, 0.373046875, -2.265625, -0.06201171875, -0.068359375, -0.03466796875, 0.7734375, -0.515625, 0.84375, -0.255859375, -0.2021484375, 0.2099609375, 0.38671875, 0.103515625, 0.07861328125, -0.287109375, -0.90234375, -0.48046875, 0.2138671875, 0.34765625, -0.98046875, -0.197265625, -0.71875, 0.0306396484375, 0.1826171875, 2.34375, -0.72265625, -1.2265625, 0.75, 0.11669921875, -0.2412109375, 1.6484375, 0.228515625, -0.47265625, -0.66015625, 0.224609375, 1.1640625, 0.384765625, 0.314453125, 0.5703125, 0.5625, 1, -0.40625, 0.1279296875, -0.4765625, -1.1875, 0.875, 1.3125, 0.546875, 0.369140625, 0.35546875, 0.058349609375, 0.06982421875, -0.2294921875, 0.5859375, -1.953125, -0.90625, -0.0458984375, 1.578125, -1.375, 1.8984375, -0.2353515625, 1.1171875, 0.39453125, 0.09716796875, -0.1005859375, 1.0625, -0.6875, -1.7109375, -0.212890625, -0.7578125, 1.203125, -0.1982421875, 1.4765625, 2.28125, -0.412109375, -0.3984375, -0.87109375, -0.2138671875, -0.263671875, -0.73046875, 0.65234375, -1.5546875, 0.28125, 0.78125, 0.92578125, 0.045654296875, -2.25, -0.75, -0.51953125, -1.3515625, 0.061279296875, 1.0625, 0.482421875, 0.140625, -0.0035858154296875, -0.1162109375, -1.1796875, 0.48828125, 0.56640625, -0.1416015625, -0.36328125, 1.3046875, -0.435546875, 0.5546875, -0.5703125, 0.76953125, 1.328125, -0.4375, 1.203125, 1.4921875, 0.390625, -1.8359375, 0.400390625, 1.78125, -0.248046875, -1.140625, -0.7109375, 1.21875, 0.396484375, -0.54296875, 0.166015625, -0.61328125, 0.474609375, -0.6875, -0.458984375, -1.1640625, -0.515625, 1.6015625, 0.453125, 0.65625, 0.875, -1.7109375, 0.08642578125, -0.1669921875, 1.7265625, 0.0191650390625, -1.5703125, -0.47265625, 0.875, 0.625, 0.52734375, 1.203125, -0.41796875, -0.0247802734375, 0.9140625, 0.130859375, 0.55859375, 0.2421875, -0.1015625, 0.54296875, 0.016845703125, -2.0625, -2.03125, 0.0103759765625, 0.380859375, -0.11181640625, 1.3515625, 1.546875, -0.458984375, -0.19140625, -2.578125, 0.234375, 0.8359375, 0.01611328125, 0.62890625, -0.76171875, 0.84375, 1.234375, 0.2734375, -0.1025390625, -0.5390625, -1.1796875, -1.234375, -0.64453125, 0.515625, 0.0205078125, -0.875, 1.5078125, -0.81640625, -0.87109375, 0.96484375, 1.0390625, -0.2734375, -0.5, -0.65234375, -0.78515625, -0.2265625, 1.140625, 0.263671875, 1.2421875, 0.8515625, -0.60546875, 0.99609375, 0.80078125, -0.7421875, 0.1611328125, 0.005157470703125, -0.546875, 1.4609375, 0.011474609375, 0.3984375, 1.1484375, 0.451171875, 0.470703125, 0.88671875, 0.2109375, -0.0478515625, -1.2421875, -0.376953125, 0.2333984375, 1.4453125, -0.4453125, 0.99609375, -0.76953125, -0.232421875, -0.283203125, -0.32421875, -1.3828125, 1.859375, -1.7578125, -0.52734375, -0.58203125, 0.96484375, 0.97265625, 0.33984375, -0.47265625, -0.63671875, 0.049072265625, -0.72265625, 0.1953125, -1.03125, -0.51953125, 0.50390625, 0.03759765625, -1.21875, -0.1904296875, -0.67578125, 0.3125, 1.046875, -0.279296875, -0.9375, -0.7109375, 0.6796875, 0.6953125, 1.1796875, 0.361328125, 0.43359375, 0.34375, 0.049072265625, 1.2578125, -0.58203125, -0.31640625, -0.984375, -0.181640625, 0.1875, 0.042236328125, 1.0078125, 1.0390625, 0.7421875, -0.546875, 0.4921875, 0.185546875, -0.70703125, -0.58203125, 1.515625, 0.96875, -0.275390625, -0.33984375, -0.10009765625, 1.8671875, -0.5546875, -0.6796875, -0.75, 1.0390625, -0.91796875, -0.8984375, 0.07080078125, -0.60546875, 0.98046875, -0.3671875, 0.462890625, 0.2490234375, 0.0361328125, -0.169921875, -0.83984375, -0.373046875, -0.55078125, -1.3984375, -0.8203125, 0.369140625, -0.296875, 0.0026702880859375, 1.3125, -1.078125, -1.6328125, 0.40234375, -0.13671875, -0.69140625, 1.890625, 0.2021484375, 1.640625, -0.890625, 0.50390625, -0.64453125, 0.2109375, 0.76171875, -0.65625, -0.8828125, 1.5703125, -1.8046875, -1.1484375, 0.28515625, 1.328125, -0.150390625, -0.154296875, 1.8671875, 1.625, 0.2255859375, 0.55078125, 1.1328125, -0.87890625, 0.03076171875, -1.9375, -0.890625, -0.6953125, 0.66015625, 0.2255859375, -0.73046875, -0.0556640625, 0.062255859375, -0.045654296875, 0.002685546875, -0.373046875, -0.0230712890625, 0.40234375, 1.390625, -0.94140625, -1.5859375, 0.1494140625, 1.328125, -1.65625, -0.458984375, 0.1064453125, 0.7109375, 2.015625, -0.171875, -0.84375, -0.22265625, 0.76953125, -0.4609375, 1.1171875, 0.458984375, -2.3125, -0.78515625, -0.78125, 1.34375, 1.1328125, 0.228515625, 0.3203125, -0.6171875, 1.203125, 0.435546875, 1.65625, -0.6015625, -1.5625, -0.46484375, 0.5234375, -0.4921875, 0.07861328125, -0.2158203125, -0.228515625, 0.1357421875, 0.2470703125, 0.076171875, -0.458984375, -0.1396484375, 0.62890625, -0.169921875, -0.53125, 0.54296875, 1.2421875, -0.9921875, -0.251953125, -1.6484375, 0.55859375, -0.0196533203125, 0.026611328125, 1.1875, -1.1796875, 0.36328125, 0.9921875, -0.046630859375, 0.70703125, -0.63671875, 0.45703125, -1.1171875, 1.65625, 0.7578125, -2.8125, 0.4296875, 1.3046875, 0.67578125, -0.46484375, 0.2001953125, 1.84375, 0.859375, -0.361328125, 0.255859375, 0.1689453125, -0.17578125, 1.3125, -0.373046875, -1.046875, 0.004669189453125, 0.035400390625, 0.8125, -1, 1.78125, -0.1875, 0.3671875, -0.73828125, -0.5078125, 0.53125, 0.310546875, 0.90234375, 0.75, 0.1650390625, 0.66015625, -0.0003108978271484375, 0.546875, 1.484375, 0.134765625, -0.94140625, 0.68359375, -0.01556396484375, 0.2265625, -0.498046875, -0.7265625, 1.9140625, 1.21875, 1.7109375, 0.337890625, -0.55078125, 0.49609375, 0.064453125, -1.359375, -0.34375, -0.78515625, 0.13671875, -0.267578125, -0.79296875, 0.859375, 0.90234375, 0.88671875, 1.6953125, 1.296875, 1.21875, 1.6171875, 0.26953125, 1.203125, -0.3515625, -0.80859375, -1.765625, -0.58203125, 1.5859375, -0.98828125, -1.09375, -0.66796875, -2.859375, 0.390625, 0.283203125, 2.234375, -0.5546875, -0.140625, 0.11865234375, -0.392578125, 0.435546875, 0.74609375, 0.01446533203125, -2.53125, -0.0238037109375, 0.0245361328125, -1.8984375, 0.265625, 0.88671875, 1.1875, 0.337890625, 0.236328125, 0.2265625, -2.109375, -1.375, 0.2890625, -0.06298828125, 2.171875, 1.390625, -0.95703125, -0.267578125, 0.34765625, -0.15234375, 0.046142578125, -1.03125, 2.015625, -0.734375, -0.1064453125, -0.21875, -1.359375, -1.3828125, 2.03125, -1.6171875, -1.1328125, -0.0250244140625, 0.99609375, -2.109375, -1.1015625, -0.2373046875, 1.1484375, -1.203125, -1.515625, 0.080078125, -0.5625, 0.95703125, -1.3125, 0.52734375, 0.84375, 0.1708984375, -0.19140625, -1.3671875, -0.2890625, 0.609375, 0.3515625, -0.1826171875, -0.296875, -0.73828125, 0.80078125, 1.125, -0.59375, -1.09375, -0.5859375, -0.004730224609375, -0.640625, 2.0625, -0.99609375, -0.478515625, 0.59765625, 0.60546875, 0.88671875, 0.337890625, 0.77734375, -0.96484375, -2.3125, 0.2890625, -0.36328125, 0.419921875, 0.88671875, -0.5859375, -1.2265625, 0.32421875, 0.78125, 0.10498046875, 0.3203125, 0.037109375, 0.94140625, 1.546875, 1.1015625, -0.04833984375, -0.380859375, 0.84765625, -0.287109375, 0.07421875, 0.640625, -0.48828125, -0.212890625, -0.6796875, 0.29296875, 1.1015625, 0.361328125, -0.90234375, 1.1171875, 0.291015625, -0.234375, -1.125, -0.21484375, -0.34765625, 1.09375, -1.25, 0.388671875, 0.271484375, -0.8671875, -0.09521484375, -0.033203125, -0.98828125, -0.9296875, -1.390625, -0.2041015625, -1.578125, -0.220703125, -0.9453125, 1.4609375, 0.5703125, -1.3203125, 0.65234375, 1.0859375, -0.232421875, -0.392578125, 0.2236328125, 0.30859375, -1.1796875, -0.22265625, 0.62109375, 1.53125, -0.64453125, -0.07080078125, -0.5234375, -1.3828125, 0.181640625, 0.65234375, -0.921875, 1.125, 0.29296875, -1.21875, -0.671875, 0.8203125, -0.73046875, 0.52734375, -0.427734375, 1.0390625, -1.734375, -0.88671875, -0.169921875, -0.78125, -0.859375, -0.63671875, 0.314453125, -0.05810546875, -0.2177734375, 0.89453125, 0.017578125, 1.625, -0.2236328125, 0.58984375, 1, 1.1953125, -1.4140625, -0.35546875, 0.4765625, -0.94140625, -0.8203125, 0.4765625, -0.54296875, -0.6015625, -0.70703125, 0.1591796875, 0.177734375, 0.333984375, 1.671875, 0.146484375, 0.71484375, 0.365234375, 0.84765625, -0.53515625, 0.09375, 1.09375, 0.91796875, 0.045166015625, -0.361328125, -0.1904296875, 0.09033203125, 0.95703125, -2.03125, 0.7734375, -0.060546875, 0.1494140625, -1.21875, 0.2255859375, 1.46875, 0.044921875, -0.251953125, 0.21484375, -1.3828125, 0.62890625, 0.953125, 0.2578125, 1.125, 0.004730224609375, 0.041015625, -1.65625, -1.3125, -0.0625, -0.515625, 0.06640625, -0.73046875, -2.09375, 0.97265625, -0.3046875, -0.6171875, -0.3984375, 0.5, 1.078125, -0.640625, 1.40625, -0.1484375, 0.66015625, 0.40234375, 0.78515625, -0.01092529296875, 1.25, -0.189453125, -2, 0.2216796875, -1.1171875, 1.4765625, -0.09521484375, -0.8984375, 2.109375, 1.7421875, -0.76953125, -0.8046875, 0.07080078125, 1.625, -2.34375, 0.78125, 0.087890625, 0.3203125, -0.228515625, 1.8359375, 0.3671875, 0.11767578125, -1.875, -0.46484375, 0.427734375, -0.890625, -1.359375, -0.043701171875, 0.32421875, 1.0546875, -0.5625, -0.62890625, 0.216796875, 0.66015625, 0.443359375, -0.6015625, 0.345703125, -0.099609375, -0.8515625, 0.2470703125, 0.76171875, -0.162109375, -0.69921875, -0.5546875, -1.0078125, -0.6875, 0.1484375, 0.004791259765625, 0.32421875, -0.38671875, 0.640625, -0.58203125, 0.875, 0.1923828125, -0.13671875, 1.3671875, -0.1953125, -0.671875, -0.040771484375, -0.55078125, 0.9453125, -0.173828125, -1.15625, -1.34375, -0.203125, 1.1953125, -0.3828125, 0.703125, -0.369140625, -0.365234375, 0.25390625, 0.86328125, 0.146484375, 1.40625, -0.70703125, -0.5078125, -0.0966796875, -1.3046875, 0.81640625, -1.25, 0.97265625, -0.109375, -1.1328125, -1.1015625, -0.349609375, -0.29296875, -0.25390625, -0.1484375, -0.5, 0.6640625, -0.41796875, 0.43359375, -0.85546875, 0.203125, 0.032470703125, 0.126953125, 1.6875, 1.5625, 0.9375, -0.9765625, -0.58203125, 0.341796875, -0.042724609375, -0.33203125, -0.39453125, 0.77734375, 0.435546875, -0.87890625, -1.4296875, -0.40625, 0.66015625, 0.46484375, -0.376953125, 1.1953125, 0.0947265625, -0.0250244140625, -0.55078125, 1.6328125, 1.625, 0.58984375, 0.265625, 0.23046875, -0.361328125, 0.349609375, 1.3046875, 0.185546875, -0.65234375, 1.3515625, 1.484375, 1.5703125, -0.490234375, -0.58984375, -0.74609375, -1.4921875, 2.265625, -1.65625, -1.1171875, -2.59375, 0.298828125, 0.50390625, -2.09375, -1.46875, 0.98046875, 0.30078125, -0.27734375, 0.375, -1.4609375, -0.32421875, -0.482421875, -0.0390625, 1.484375, -0.7265625, -1.8203125, 1.0546875, -0.359375, 0.4296875, -0.96875, 1.4609375, 0.61328125, -0.1279296875, -0.2236328125, -0.384765625, -1.03125, -0.87890625, 0.466796875, -1.4140625, -0.265625, -0.486328125, 0.67578125, 0.09130859375, -1.078125, 1.390625, -0.1416015625, -0.8046875, -0.60546875, 0.435546875, 0.90625, 0.48046875, -0.3125, -0.033447265625, 2.15625, -2.03125, -0.5078125, 0.033935546875, 0.11279296875, 0.052490234375, -0.02294921875, -1.8046875, -0.75, -1.59375, -0.9609375, 1.1796875, -0.8125, 1.1328125, -1.5625, 0.9921875, 1.1875, -0.375, 0.69921875, -1.3046875, 0.82421875, -0.56640625, 0.55859375, 0.86328125, -2.234375, -0.6328125, -1.1171875, 1.1484375, 0.1875, 1.1328125, 0.212890625, 0.3359375, 0.58203125, 0.384765625, 0.80078125, -0.416015625, 0.181640625, -2.78125, 0.70703125, 0.74609375, -0.091796875, -1.2578125, 1.25, 0.9453125, 0.70703125, -0.63671875, 0.6796875, -0.50390625, 0.90625, 0.337890625, -0.65234375, 0.11181640625, -1.96875, 0.0184326171875, 0.82421875, -0.30078125, 0.625, 0.146484375, 0.85546875, -0.294921875, 0.275390625, -0.7109375, -0.73828125, -0.08740234375, -0.408203125, 1.734375, -0.490234375, 0.08740234375, 0.30078125, 1.1484375, 0.4609375, -0.02001953125, 0.45703125, 0.11279296875, -0.3125, 0.7578125, -0.828125, 1.0234375, 0.6640625, 2.015625, -1.7734375, 0.77734375, 1.015625, 0.99609375, 0.70703125, -2.03125, -0.341796875, -0.66796875, -1.7890625, 0.126953125, 0.361328125, 0.85546875, -0.053466796875, 1.796875, -0.55859375, -1.8671875, -0.53125, 1.140625, 1.4765625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1531050743
Host Plant Specialization and Species Turnover of Caterpillars Among Hosts in the Brazilian Cerrado
Decrease in the species composition similarity of herbivore assemblages with increasing phylogenetic distance between host plants is a widespread pattern. Here we used data for caterpillars in the Brazilian Cerrado to investigate how the similarity in caterpillar species composition decreases as the taxonomic level and genetic distance (GD) of their host plants increases. In addition, we elucidate the plant taxonomic level that provides the greatest contribution to turnover in the caterpillar species composition among host taxa. Adult Lepidoptera were reared from caterpillars collected from 52 plants over 13 yr in the same area, with each host plant sampled for 1 yr. Most species were specialists, with 66 percent of genus specialists among the nonsingleton species. The similarity in caterpillar species composition across plant taxa decreased from host species to genera, and from host genera to orders. Above this level, the similarity was consistently low. The GD between plants explained 82 percent of the variation in the similarity of caterpillar species composition. The contribution of caterpillar species turnover among host orders from the same superorder and among host superorders from the same subclass explained 70 percent of the caterpillar species richness as a whole. Our results lend support to the view that most tropical caterpillars are host specialists. Our findings further indicate that the number of orders and superorders of plants provide the greatest contribution to the total caterpillar richness compared with all of the other host taxonomic levels combined. Abstract in Portuguese is available at http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/btp.
[ -1.4609375, -0.21875, 1.1875, 0.93359375, 0.30078125, -0.34765625, -0.78125, 0.7109375, 1.2578125, -1.6875, -1.078125, 0.88671875, 1.3125, -0.039794921875, 1.328125, -0.55078125, -0.9765625, -0.7890625, -0.78125, 1.9296875, 0.007110595703125, -0.220703125, -1.8046875, 0.4609375, 1.8828125, 2, -1.140625, -0.35546875, 0.80859375, 0.90234375, -0.166015625, 0.392578125, -1.625, -0.796875, 0.0123291015625, 1.0234375, 1, 0.482421875, -0.099609375, -0.359375, 0.1005859375, -0.294921875, 1.1875, -0.46484375, -0.482421875, 0.376953125, -2.25, -1.1796875, 0.0849609375, -1.015625, -0.5390625, 0.2431640625, -0.2255859375, -1.1171875, 0.294921875, 0.625, -1.515625, -0.22265625, 1.1796875, 0.82421875, -0.9375, -2.109375, -0.054931640625, 0.333984375, -0.423828125, -0.0245361328125, 0.8828125, -0.3984375, 0.69921875, -0.8359375, 0.23828125, 1.2265625, 0.59375, -1.1875, 1.1328125, -0.12060546875, 0.10888671875, -1.5703125, 0.388671875, -0.205078125, -1.1796875, 0.0255126953125, -0.2099609375, -0.388671875, -0.625, 0.10546875, -1.0390625, 0.9453125, 1.75, 1.671875, -0.421875, -0.0267333984375, -0.314453125, -0.75390625, 0.296875, -0.64453125, -0.087890625, 0.58203125, -0.953125, 1.34375, -0.08251953125, -0.1357421875, 0.52734375, -0.466796875, 0.220703125, 0.52734375, -0.1552734375, -0.51171875, 0.41796875, 0.51953125, 0.69921875, -0.2578125, -0.302734375, -0.2412109375, 0.1640625, 1.0546875, -1.1484375, 1.7421875, -0.671875, -0.609375, 0.5078125, -0.4921875, 0.65625, 0.5, 1.3203125, 0.1533203125, -0.8046875, 1.03125, 0.73046875, -0.8359375, 0.1826171875, 0.703125, 0.4453125, 1.015625, -0.984375, 0.91796875, -0.328125, -0.13671875, 1.109375, -0.068359375, 0.12109375, 0.7109375, -0.025634765625, -0.22265625, -0.41015625, -1.359375, 0.89453125, -0.51171875, 0.64453125, -1.546875, -0.71875, -0.4609375, 0.8671875, 2.3125, 1.015625, 0.08642578125, -0.59765625, 3.21875, -0.44140625, 0.04296875, 0.138671875, -1.078125, 0.9921875, -0.4921875, -0.51953125, -0.55859375, -1.0390625, 0.380859375, 0.69140625, -0.2177734375, -1.0390625, -0.51171875, -0.058837890625, 1.1484375, 0.36328125, -0.81640625, -0.1826171875, -0.287109375, -0.7578125, 0.337890625, 0.26171875, 1.421875, 0.40625, 0.228515625, 1.390625, 1.6484375, -1.9609375, 0.0751953125, -0.55078125, 0.1142578125, 0.77734375, -1.21875, -1.5078125, 0.86328125, 0.44140625, -0.8125, -0.8125, 0.388671875, -1.28125, 0.388671875, -0.734375, 0.435546875, 0.396484375, -0.84375, -0.58203125, 0.51171875, 0.48828125, 1.25, -0.09326171875, 1.3359375, -1.859375, -2.828125, 0.431640625, 0.8359375, -0.84375, 0.0036163330078125, 0.07421875, 1.8828125, -0.2890625, -1.875, 0.5, -0.58984375, 0.072265625, 0.78515625, -0.9375, -1.1015625, 0.4375, 1.703125, -0.74609375, -0.06396484375, 0.61328125, -0.265625, -0.048828125, -1.1015625, -0.93359375, 1.1484375, 0.515625, 0.56640625, 1.4765625, -0.494140625, -1.3046875, -0.294921875, -0.69921875, 1.8359375, 0.546875, -0.279296875, -0.6953125, 0.06005859375, -0.62109375, 1.0078125, 1.1015625, -0.9140625, 0.59375, 0.07470703125, 0.08740234375, -0.68359375, 0.515625, 0.8828125, 1.8046875, -2.03125, 0.267578125, -0.703125, -0.205078125, 0.80859375, -1.359375, -1.34375, -1.2734375, -0.62109375, -1.3359375, 0.232421875, -1, -1.625, -0.0228271484375, 0.7109375, 0.2373046875, 1.2109375, -0.435546875, -1.1953125, -0.2890625, -0.73046875, -0.408203125, -0.1533203125, -0.2060546875, -0.60546875, 1.484375, 0.9609375, 0.95703125, -0.76171875, -0.28515625, 0.96875, -0.6796875, -1.3046875, -0.28125, 0.5078125, -0.474609375, -1.2421875, -0.306640625, 1.828125, 0.16015625, 0.040283203125, 0.44140625, -1.0625, -2.078125, -0.94140625, 1.4921875, -0.59765625, -1.0625, -1.2421875, 0.52734375, 0.0169677734375, 0.0113525390625, 0.13671875, -0.484375, -1.15625, 0.88671875, 0.921875, -0.88671875, -1.1796875, 0.65234375, 0.08203125, 0.94921875, -0.482421875, 0.7890625, 0.2578125, 0.431640625, -0.640625, -0.2890625, 0.349609375, -0.5625, -0.4296875, -1.84375, 0.68359375, 1.1640625, -1.5859375, 1.3671875, 0.1083984375, -0.2734375, -0.2431640625, 0.482421875, 0.038330078125, 0.08203125, -1.21875, 1.359375, -0.4765625, 0.0791015625, -0.38671875, 0.337890625, 0.396484375, 0.63671875, -0.9375, 0.09521484375, -0.796875, 0.298828125, 0.546875, 0.36328125, -0.060302734375, 2.359375, -0.11083984375, 0.41015625, -0.043212890625, 0.8515625, 0.09228515625, -1.84375, -0.44921875, 0.6484375, -0.6796875, -0.052001953125, -0.00592041015625, -0.11865234375, -0.466796875, 1.640625, -0.8046875, -0.318359375, 0.357421875, 0.228515625, 0.6328125, -1.4453125, -0.7109375, 0.83984375, 0.66015625, 0.3828125, -0.5, -0.08642578125, 1.234375, 1.6875, 0.953125, -0.443359375, -0.03173828125, -0.5078125, 0.80078125, -1.421875, 0.224609375, -1.59375, -1.390625, 1.1328125, 0.75, 1.046875, -1.1328125, -1.296875, -1.5703125, -0.3671875, 1.5234375, -0.197265625, -1.4609375, -0.609375, -0.65625, -1.265625, -1.1171875, -0.45703125, 0.34765625, -0.65234375, 1.03125, -0.1689453125, -0.01080322265625, -0.51953125, -1.9375, 1.078125, -0.29296875, 0.57421875, -0.57421875, 0.380859375, -0.37109375, 0.83203125, -0.625, -1.2265625, 1.265625, 0.5234375, -0.0439453125, -0.8828125, -1.1875, -1.0703125, -0.287109375, 0.46875, -1.703125, 0.66015625, 0.365234375, 0.8203125, 1.109375, -1.5703125, -0.69140625, 0.5234375, -0.8671875, -0.1142578125, -0.0458984375, 1.2109375, 0.310546875, -0.224609375, 0.625, 0.953125, 0.419921875, -0.5703125, -0.640625, -1.5, -1.1328125, 0.6953125, 0.359375, 0.302734375, -0.032958984375, -0.91796875, 1.5625, -0.419921875, -0.73046875, -0.4921875, 1.8203125, 0.8515625, -0.404296875, -0.416015625, -1.125, -0.55078125, 0.58984375, 0.296875, 0.8203125, -1.2578125, -0.8984375, 0.443359375, 0.1640625, 0.451171875, 0.84375, -0.57421875, 1.296875, 1, 1.3046875, -0.345703125, 1.3671875, 1.4453125, -1.234375, -0.0654296875, 0.453125, -0.515625, -0.796875, 0.7109375, 0.035888671875, -0.283203125, -0.404296875, 0.58203125, 0.228515625, 0.71875, 1.78125, 0.314453125, -0.1904296875, 0.3515625, -1.0546875, -1.9453125, 0.47265625, -0.640625, 0.68359375, 0.1171875, -0.032470703125, -0.71484375, 0.75, -0.484375, 1.8125, -0.4609375, -1.546875, 0.478515625, 0.0810546875, 0.6328125, 0.890625, -0.65625, -0.71875, 0.84765625, -0.212890625, -0.6796875, 0.09130859375, 1.3828125, -0.333984375, 0.66015625, 1.2421875, 1.21875, -0.224609375, 0.9453125, 0.296875, -0.25390625, -0.11669921875, -1.1015625, -0.94140625, 0.158203125, 0.6796875, 0.88671875, 1.0078125, -0.58984375, 0.13671875, -1.1640625, -0.2041015625, 0.77734375, -0.5625, -0.56640625, 0.9921875, -1.1328125, 1.2578125, -0.333984375, -0.0238037109375, -1.0234375, 0.32421875, -1.3671875, 2.203125, 0.255859375, -1.15625, 1.1171875, -1.171875, -0.625, -1.6796875, 0.1728515625, 1.765625, -0.091796875, 1.53125, 0.016357421875, -0.7734375, 2.03125, -1.484375, 0.32421875, -0.8046875, -0.455078125, -1.46875, 0.87890625, -0.423828125, -1.21875, -2.21875, -0.45703125, -1.15625, -0.0751953125, 0.68359375, 0.5546875, 0.11962890625, 0.48046875, 2.078125, 0.77734375, -0.85546875, -0.216796875, -1.4921875, -0.875, 0.55078125, 0.126953125, 0.671875, -0.0400390625, -0.0732421875, 0.1376953125, 2, 0.6484375, 2.0625, -0.451171875, 0.39453125, 1.7109375, -0.0341796875, -0.64453125, -0.7421875, 0.51171875, 0.41015625, 0.6484375, 0.1669921875, -1.109375, -0.33984375, -0.283203125, 0.37890625, -0.006683349609375, -0.59765625, 1, -1.09375, 0.5703125, -0.2294921875, -0.73046875, -0.5234375, 0.7734375, 1.765625, -0.158203125, -1.328125, 0.470703125, -0.3203125, 0.76171875, -0.0205078125, -1.6328125, -0.359375, -0.8203125, 0.337890625, -0.48828125, 0.353515625, -0.703125, -0.0257568359375, 0.703125, 0.01953125, 0.455078125, 0.11083984375, -0.0118408203125, -0.70703125, -0.58984375, 1.28125, -1.6796875, -1.3203125, -0.2275390625, 1.9609375, -0.703125, 0.65625, 0.37109375, -0.08251953125, 1.4140625, 0.7578125, -1.8984375, 0.03173828125, -1.5078125, -0.1376953125, 0.671875, 0.234375, 0.0810546875, 0.04833984375, 1.421875, -0.466796875, 0.10205078125, -1.1328125, -0.1611328125, 0.1015625, -1.328125, 0.2109375, 0.34375, 0.6328125, -0.6015625, 0.7109375, -0.212890625, 1.3828125, -0.68359375, 0.72265625, -0.03662109375, -0.94140625, -0.59375, 0.25, -1.1953125, 0.1396484375, 0.205078125, -0.65234375, -0.9296875, 0.4296875, -0.11865234375, -0.057861328125, -0.146484375, 0.82421875, 1.5859375, 0.3125, -0.07177734375, -0.98046875, -0.400390625, -0.43359375, 0.00127410888671875, 0.158203125, -0.2578125, -0.34765625, -0.8515625, -0.29296875, -0.2021484375, 1.1484375, -0.451171875, -0.90625, 0.515625, 0.404296875, -0.271484375, -0.13671875, 0.0234375, 0.453125, 0.06787109375, -0.451171875, -0.828125, -0.0091552734375, 0.061767578125, -0.0030364990234375, -0.23828125, -0.38671875, 0.2001953125, 0.52734375, -0.34765625, 1.0546875, -0.859375, 0.91015625, 0.80078125, 0.2333984375, 0.36328125, -0.9140625, -1.515625, 0.87890625, -1.1015625, 1.84375, 2.234375, -0.248046875, -0.6484375, -0.3203125, 0.38671875, -0.26953125, -0.5234375, 0.71875, -1.0078125, -1.796875, 0.89453125, -0.64453125, -0.283203125, 0.62109375, -0.87109375, 2.390625, 2, -0.86328125, -0.75390625, 0.416015625, 1.6875, -1.3046875, 0.51171875, 0.94921875, 0.318359375, -1.234375, 1.078125, -0.38671875, -0.87890625, -0.59375, 0.0238037109375, -0.0233154296875, -0.82421875, -0.33203125, 1.15625, 1.8671875, -0.79296875, -0.337890625, -1.515625, 0.1015625, 0.1630859375, 0.095703125, -1.3125, 0.10009765625, -1.3984375, 0.0703125, -1.1796875, 2.015625, 0.00921630859375, -0.06689453125, 0.361328125, 0.10546875, -0.40234375, 0.007354736328125, -0.240234375, -0.7890625, 0.515625, -0.33984375, 0.006561279296875, 1.0078125, -0.27734375, 0.2275390625, -0.0830078125, 1.1171875, 0.734375, 1.78125, -1.140625, -0.248046875, 1.0390625, -1.046875, -1.25, -1.2265625, 0.59375, -1.28125, 0.310546875, 0.6875, -1.515625, -0.109375, -0.345703125, 0.04052734375, 0.416015625, 0.251953125, 0.031982421875, 0.057861328125, 0.67578125, -0.43359375, 0.625, -1.0546875, -1.140625, -0.41796875, -1.28125, 0.298828125, -0.12158203125, -2.015625, -1.4609375, -0.40234375, 0.255859375, 0.451171875, -1.609375, 0.76953125, 0.625, 1.90625, 0.9921875, 0.216796875, 2.65625, 0.5078125, -1.28125, -1.4609375, -0.322265625, 1.03125, -0.98046875, -0.2421875, 0.2333984375, 0.5390625, 1.3125, -0.318359375, 1.5625, -0.46484375, 0.7421875, 0.306640625, 1.328125, -0.0164794921875, 0.330078125, 0.74609375, 0.609375, 1.6171875, 0.953125, -0.64453125, 0.1220703125, -0.76171875, -0.3828125, 1.1875, -1.109375, 1.9140625, 0.69921875, 1.96875, -0.40625, -0.890625, -1.2734375, -0.7109375, 0.1640625, 1.9453125, -0.24609375, -0.609375, -1.609375, 0.42578125, 0.37109375, -0.16015625, -0.314453125, -0.4765625, -0.1962890625, -0.5859375, 0.98828125, -1.5234375, -1.1953125, -1.2578125, -0.44140625, 0.396484375, -0.322265625, 1.6875, -0.267578125, -0.1220703125, 0.29296875, -1.25, -1.578125, 0.8984375, 0.2333984375, -2.28125, -1.546875, -0.047119140625, -0.19921875, 0.5703125, -1.859375, -0.48046875, 1.390625, -0.8515625, -0.392578125, 0.193359375, -0.1318359375, -1.09375, 0.384765625, -0.59765625, 0.0118408203125, -0.12158203125, -0.46875, 0.6484375, -0.55078125, 1.3828125, -1.421875, -0.79296875, 0.1455078125, 0.08349609375, -0.095703125, -1.703125, -0.38671875, -1.1875, -1.8203125, -1.4609375, -0.55078125, 0.0986328125, -0.23046875, -0.6796875, 0.416015625, -0.59375, -0.75390625, -0.326171875, -0.263671875, 0.248046875, 0.060791015625, 0.6015625, 0.54296875, -1.3359375, -0.004486083984375, 1.5859375, 1.3515625, 0.06494140625, -0.4453125, -0.451171875, -0.95703125, 0.625, 0.328125, -1.015625, 0.29296875, -0.37890625, -0.2265625, -1.0859375, -0.138671875, -0.8515625, 0.66796875, 0.765625, 0.578125, -0.03564453125, 0.578125, -0.59375, -1.1875, 0.56640625, -0.71875, 0.51171875, -0.41015625, -0.058349609375, -0.63671875, -0.439453125, -0.734375, 0.150390625, 1.9140625, 0.8828125, 0.1865234375, -0.00142669677734375, 1.1328125, -0.6640625, 1.625, -0.150390625, 0.91796875, -1.796875, -0.74609375, 0.81640625, -0.37890625, -0.1171875, 0.1875, -0.99609375, 0.2333984375, -0.640625, 0.337890625, 0.32421875, 0.455078125, 0.6796875, 2.09375, -0.1298828125, 0.2373046875, 0.060791015625, 1.4921875, -1.4375, -2.875, 0.6015625, 0.21875, -0.404296875, -0.1953125, 0.37109375, 1.1171875, 0.412109375, -0.392578125, 0.78515625, -0.62109375, -0.62109375, 0.48828125, 2.296875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1531064686
Primary Human Non‐Small Cell Lung and Pancreatic Tumorgraft Models—Utility and Applications in Drug Discovery and Tumor Biology
The number of therapeutic options for lung and pancreatic cancer is increasing because of the identification of new druggable molecular targets and development of new drug combinations. Reproducible, biologically relevant in vivo pre-clinical models are critical for this effort. The generation of patient-derived tumor xenografts has proven useful for integrating drug screening with biomarker discovery, discovering fundamental information in tumor biology, prioritizing drugs for clinical investigation, and personalizing treatments for these tumors. The protocol described in this unit details how to establish a direct in vivo subcutaneous primary tumorgraft and maintenance passages. The predictive value of a tumorgraft platform to guide personalized medicine is illustrated with the case of a patient with refractory advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The outcome of a patient for whom their own pancreatic tumorgraft revealed a remarkable sensitivity to mitomycin C based on a PALB2 mutation is also detailed.
[ -0.72265625, 1.0546875, 1.953125, -0.77734375, -0.2060546875, -0.42578125, -0.87109375, 1.4609375, 0.1513671875, -0.392578125, -0.58203125, 2.21875, 0.578125, 1.1484375, 1.3515625, 0.2021484375, -0.0213623046875, -0.38671875, 1.1328125, -0.07080078125, -1.09375, -0.1611328125, -0.9921875, 1.765625, -0.2021484375, -0.291015625, -1.3828125, -0.5390625, -0.32421875, 0.5546875, 0.63671875, 0.69140625, -2.4375, -1.546875, -0.06298828125, -0.1943359375, 0.130859375, 0.2373046875, 0.68359375, -0.9296875, -0.6171875, -1.125, 2.078125, 0.330078125, -0.66796875, -0.98046875, -1.1171875, -0.953125, 0.5390625, 0.1640625, -0.50390625, 0.71484375, 1.6484375, -0.076171875, -0.68359375, 0.84375, -1.546875, 0.07763671875, -0.1845703125, -0.2021484375, -0.439453125, -1.09375, 0.74609375, 0.1162109375, 0.30859375, -0.5703125, 0.380859375, 0.04736328125, -0.201171875, -0.267578125, 0.1611328125, 0.6796875, -0.291015625, -0.376953125, 0.796875, 0.87890625, 0.0947265625, 1.546875, 0.08837890625, -1.3203125, -0.703125, -0.9453125, 0.6875, 1.53125, -1.1875, 1.2890625, 0.052001953125, 1.2734375, 0.1708984375, 1.5078125, -0.95703125, 0.79296875, -1.25, -0.007080078125, -1.0703125, 0.047607421875, 0.3359375, 0.049072265625, -1.9453125, -0.103515625, 0.34375, 0.455078125, -0.0791015625, -0.419921875, -0.20703125, 1.515625, -1.2109375, 1.1015625, 1.0078125, 0.375, 0.8984375, -0.890625, 0.91015625, 1.640625, 0.9921875, 1.65625, -0.7890625, 0.484375, -0.51953125, -1.203125, 0.384765625, -1.7265625, -0.76171875, 0.04345703125, 0.27734375, 0.55859375, -1.25, 1.0390625, 0.65234375, -1.25, 0.396484375, -0.703125, -0.06689453125, 0.5234375, -0.56640625, -0.89453125, -0.296875, 1.1171875, 0.38671875, -0.69921875, 0.3515625, 1.8828125, -0.375, -0.435546875, -0.61328125, -1.1015625, 0.11572265625, -0.341796875, -0.625, 0.75, -1.2421875, -0.515625, -1.328125, 1.6875, -0.59375, 0.86328125, -1.6640625, 0.94921875, 0.111328125, 0.0390625, 0.47265625, -0.3515625, 0.3515625, 0.51953125, 0.80078125, -0.87890625, -0.50390625, 1.3046875, 1.1953125, -0.275390625, 0.875, -0.91015625, -0.6328125, -0.306640625, 0.95703125, -1.203125, -1.34375, 1.7578125, 0.34765625, -0.36328125, -1.1796875, 0.953125, -1.1640625, -0.33984375, 1.640625, 1.6015625, -0.66796875, 0.455078125, -1.3203125, 0.9609375, 0.31640625, -2.78125, -2.28125, -0.1083984375, -0.28125, 0.1865234375, 0.291015625, 2.046875, 1.28125, -1.7421875, -1.3671875, 0.9375, 0.65234375, 0.59765625, 0.1171875, -1.21875, 0.70703125, 1.1875, 0.6953125, -0.201171875, -0.82421875, -1.9296875, 0.1748046875, -0.369140625, -0.75, -1.15625, -0.052978515625, 0.3203125, 0.1533203125, -0.515625, 1.8828125, -0.40234375, 0.7265625, 0.042724609375, -0.345703125, -0.498046875, -0.008056640625, 1.4453125, -0.0390625, 0.4296875, -0.82421875, 0.154296875, -0.58984375, -1.234375, -1.2578125, 0.126953125, 0.181640625, -0.61328125, 1.1640625, -2, 0.3203125, 0.56640625, -0.333984375, 1.171875, 1.171875, -0.15234375, 0.380859375, -1.0234375, 0.3203125, -0.15625, 1.3984375, -0.86328125, -0.1484375, -0.31640625, 0.035888671875, 0.296875, -0.431640625, -0.6328125, 0.97265625, -0.81640625, 0.404296875, -0.6015625, 1.21875, -1.4765625, -1.1484375, -1.078125, 0.625, 0.0595703125, -1.2265625, -0.44921875, -1.015625, -1.03125, -0.0703125, -1.484375, 0.00811767578125, 0.9453125, -0.984375, -0.21484375, -1.4375, 0.1376953125, -0.166015625, -1.3359375, -1.3125, 0.890625, 0.4140625, 0.30859375, 0.23046875, 0.16796875, -0.494140625, -0.84765625, -0.21484375, 0.6015625, -0.271484375, 0.7109375, -0.009521484375, -0.255859375, 0.72265625, 1.5078125, 0.59765625, 0.296875, 0.08544921875, 0.46875, -1.515625, -0.97265625, 0.73828125, -0.546875, -1.0390625, 0.5859375, 0.1865234375, 1.625, -0.2236328125, -0.255859375, -0.2451171875, 0.9765625, -1.4609375, 0.7578125, 0.26953125, -0.78125, 0.6484375, -0.0634765625, 0.953125, 0.0242919921875, 0.55859375, 0.9609375, -0.185546875, -0.19140625, 0.58984375, -0.7109375, -0.6796875, 1.125, -0.21875, -1.0234375, 1.6640625, 0.11865234375, -0.8046875, 1.375, -1.453125, -0.1298828125, 1.703125, 1.203125, 1.2890625, -1.4296875, -0.79296875, -1.6953125, 0.83984375, 0.6015625, -0.69921875, -0.3515625, 2.234375, -1.9609375, 1.296875, 0.6171875, 0.87109375, -0.267578125, -1.78125, 1.0703125, 1.265625, -0.95703125, 0.00628662109375, 0.19921875, -0.89453125, -0.72265625, -0.00225830078125, 1.265625, 1.0546875, 0.54296875, 0.07958984375, -0.208984375, -1.6640625, -1.1953125, 1.34375, -1.234375, 0.1513671875, 0.73828125, 1.2265625, 0.279296875, -1.6953125, -0.65234375, -0.6171875, 1.9609375, -1.1328125, -0.0693359375, 1.0390625, 0.6640625, 1.578125, 0.4609375, 0.76953125, -0.8203125, 0.9375, 0.671875, 0.06787109375, -1.0390625, -1.6875, -0.2099609375, 0.10888671875, -0.458984375, 1.7890625, 0.08154296875, -0.310546875, -1.3203125, -0.8203125, -0.25390625, 1.265625, 0.21875, -2.1875, -0.59765625, 0.171875, -0.2890625, -0.345703125, -0.640625, -1.3125, 0.1171875, -0.375, 0.2490234375, 0.16796875, 0.2470703125, 0.9765625, -0.30859375, -0.11474609375, -1.3984375, 0.09814453125, -2.15625, -0.69921875, -1.1953125, 0.061767578125, -0.859375, -0.22265625, 0.51171875, -1.640625, -0.08642578125, 0.72265625, 0.306640625, 0.353515625, -0.5703125, -0.84765625, -0.0390625, -0.345703125, 0.27734375, -1.4296875, 0.388671875, -0.1318359375, 0.94921875, 0.53515625, 0.84375, 0.0247802734375, 0.009033203125, -0.0198974609375, 0.8984375, -1.8125, 0.023193359375, 0.0859375, -1.25, -0.7421875, 0.18359375, 0.2001953125, 0.1572265625, -0.94140625, 0.53515625, 0.56640625, -0.474609375, 0.48828125, -0.5234375, 1.03125, -0.041015625, 0.8671875, 0.189453125, 0.015380859375, -0.045166015625, -0.12060546875, 0.83984375, 1.453125, -0.12060546875, 0.0137939453125, -0.380859375, -0.392578125, 0.1484375, -0.050048828125, -0.421875, 1.2421875, -0.3203125, 1.7578125, -1.25, -0.11669921875, 0.7734375, 0.09765625, -0.27734375, 0.4453125, -0.34375, 0.8359375, 0.0859375, 0.9765625, 0.208984375, -1.3671875, 1.34375, 0.7734375, 0.734375, 0.1142578125, 0.90625, -0.10107421875, 0.55859375, 0.5546875, -1.3515625, -2.65625, -0.88671875, 0.90234375, 0.9140625, -0.3671875, -1.0625, -2.859375, -0.1298828125, 0.21875, 1.578125, -1.265625, -2.640625, -0.5625, -0.04150390625, 0.6015625, 0.2470703125, -0.25, -1.7265625, 0.373046875, 0.00018310546875, -1.078125, -0.1767578125, 0.3828125, 0.482421875, -0.349609375, 0.8125, 0.50390625, -0.77734375, 0.498046875, -1.046875, -0.0966796875, 0.921875, -0.92578125, -1.390625, -0.7265625, 1.234375, 0.384765625, -1.2109375, -2.15625, -0.1298828125, -1.375, -0.09130859375, 1.46875, -0.89453125, 0.419921875, 1.34375, -0.5703125, 0.4765625, -1.0859375, 0.9140625, -1.984375, 0.1484375, -2.53125, 0.60546875, -0.83984375, -0.66796875, 0.09130859375, -0.64453125, -0.51171875, -0.609375, -0.001983642578125, 1.1796875, -0.2109375, 0.7734375, 0.4296875, -0.2216796875, 0.25, 0.44140625, -0.1630859375, -1.1328125, -0.044677734375, -1.046875, 1.0625, 1.3046875, -0.1396484375, -0.16015625, 0.041748046875, -0.80078125, 0.8671875, 0.208984375, -0.44140625, 0.875, -0.66015625, -0.35546875, 1.140625, -0.5859375, -0.302734375, -2.015625, -2, -0.9921875, -0.5625, -0.72265625, -1.078125, -0.01348876953125, 0.478515625, 1.4453125, 0.1767578125, -0.2412109375, 0.90234375, 1.015625, -0.609375, -0.44140625, -0.8828125, -0.1103515625, 0.640625, 0.470703125, 0.23828125, 0.310546875, 0.55078125, -0.4921875, 1.0078125, 0.06884765625, -0.26953125, 0.9375, 0.1123046875, -0.3125, 0.20703125, 0.578125, -0.546875, -0.490234375, -0.5390625, -0.0017547607421875, -0.640625, -0.7421875, 0.859375, -1.2734375, 1.0625, -0.1513671875, -0.7109375, -0.0208740234375, -1.3984375, -0.6796875, -1.21875, -1.7109375, -1.3671875, 1.1796875, -0.431640625, -0.72265625, 0.4921875, 0.8984375, 1.53125, 0.921875, 1.015625, 0.93359375, -0.2080078125, -0.0093994140625, -0.06396484375, 2.140625, -1.765625, 0.73046875, -0.38671875, -0.6015625, 0.357421875, 2.125, -2.46875, -0.12109375, -0.1796875, -0.74609375, 0.98046875, 0.361328125, -0.62890625, -0.45703125, 1.03125, 1.3125, -0.94921875, -1, -0.80078125, 0.7734375, -1.0546875, -0.1376953125, -0.474609375, 1.0390625, -0.275390625, 0.2490234375, 0.5625, 0.056884765625, -1.2265625, 1.1875, -0.458984375, -1.75, 0.048095703125, 0.232421875, 0.859375, -0.69140625, 0.859375, -0.1201171875, 0.408203125, 0.57421875, 0.236328125, 0.486328125, 0.427734375, 1.453125, 1.0546875, 0.2333984375, 1.4921875, 0.357421875, 0.376953125, -1.9140625, -0.427734375, -0.4453125, 0.69140625, 0.59765625, 1.1640625, 0.5625, 0.0439453125, -0.11083984375, -1.078125, -0.46484375, 0.1728515625, -1.1015625, -0.2314453125, 1.03125, 0.71484375, 0.2265625, 0.96484375, 0.578125, -0.2138671875, 0.49609375, 0.62109375, 0.328125, 0.59375, -1.390625, -0.0693359375, -1.0703125, 1.375, 0.1982421875, 0.49609375, 0.416015625, 1.4375, -0.8515625, 1.828125, -2.359375, 0.58203125, -0.51953125, -1.359375, -0.90625, -0.78125, 0.365234375, -0.09619140625, 1.140625, -0.055419921875, 0.412109375, 0.439453125, -0.390625, 0.2578125, -0.99609375, -0.48046875, -0.1787109375, -0.1708984375, -0.12353515625, -0.490234375, 2, -0.30078125, -0.1533203125, -0.80078125, 0.1259765625, 0.047119140625, -1.2578125, 0.46875, -0.70703125, 0.83984375, -0.9296875, 0.46484375, -0.6875, -0.62890625, -1.2578125, 1.25, -0.82421875, -1.2421875, -2.34375, -0.049560546875, 1.4921875, -0.78125, -0.25, 1.3125, -0.703125, 0.69921875, 0.125, -2.546875, -0.64453125, 0.404296875, 0.030517578125, -0.99609375, -0.248046875, -0.1357421875, -0.6796875, -0.640625, -0.73828125, 0.296875, 0.8203125, 0.158203125, -1.53125, -0.5625, 0.294921875, -0.455078125, 0.2431640625, -0.625, -1.9765625, 0.1259765625, 0.5234375, 0.48046875, -0.287109375, -0.75, 0.322265625, -0.1904296875, -0.439453125, -1.078125, 0.039306640625, 1.6875, -1.21875, -0.0255126953125, -1.2421875, -1.390625, 0.67578125, -0.1298828125, -0.69921875, 0.5859375, 0.6171875, -0.62890625, 1.4609375, -0.52734375, 0.205078125, -0.67578125, 0.5078125, -0.330078125, -0.19921875, -0.8515625, 0.54296875, -1.078125, 0.00445556640625, -0.7578125, -0.87109375, 0.80859375, 0.376953125, -0.33984375, 0.1318359375, -0.1875, 0.0157470703125, 1.2578125, 2.015625, 1.359375, 0.890625, -0.166015625, -0.90234375, 0.052001953125, 0.353515625, 0.3359375, -1.359375, 0.69140625, -0.70703125, -0.455078125, -1.2734375, 0.2890625, -0.341796875, -1.2265625, 0.07275390625, 0.90625, -0.111328125, 1.28125, 0.87890625, 0.52734375, 2.390625, 0.4765625, 0.61328125, -1.140625, 0.67578125, -0.2333984375, 0.921875, -0.80078125, 0.2890625, -0.0137939453125, 0.08544921875, -0.8125, -0.6484375, -0.31640625, -1.6484375, -0.470703125, 1.265625, -0.953125, -0.81640625, -0.99609375, 0.1328125, 0.98828125, -0.396484375, -0.51171875, 1.4921875, -0.59765625, -0.7265625, 0.796875, -1.1171875, -0.478515625, -0.78125, 0.12353515625, 0.5703125, -0.6171875, -1.65625, -1.828125, -0.26953125, 0.34375, -1.03125, 0.15234375, 1.6015625, 0.044677734375, 0.486328125, 0.484375, -0.61328125, -0.470703125, 1.09375, -0.1318359375, 1.0625, 0.7421875, -0.0791015625, 1.4140625, 0.06689453125, 0.76953125, 0.92578125, -0.73828125, -0.1533203125, 0.546875, 0.59765625, -0.310546875, 0.328125, -1.125, 1.0546875, -1.3671875, -0.10986328125, -0.69140625, -0.85546875, -0.640625, -0.125, 0.248046875, 0.380859375, -1.3984375, -1.203125, 0.279296875, -0.8359375, 0.353515625, 0.35546875, -0.0751953125, 0.298828125, 0.89453125, -0.63671875, -0.83203125, -0.08642578125, -0.7109375, 1.0859375, -0.421875, -1.2109375, 0.08984375, -0.486328125, -0.4921875, 0.78515625, 0.56640625, -0.5625, 0.1552734375, 1.5859375, 0.96484375, -0.302734375, 0.1943359375, 0.038818359375, -1.3046875, 0.455078125, 0.376953125, -0.361328125, -0.037109375, 2.5625, 0.177734375, 0.004486083984375, -0.1669921875, 0.6171875, -1.171875, -0.10107421875, -0.134765625, -1.75, 0.8828125, -1.125, 0.7421875, -0.69140625, 0.73828125, 0.50390625, 0.396484375, 0.77734375, -1.203125, 0.83984375, -0.21484375, -0.31640625, 0.94140625, 0.162109375, 1.125, -1.53125, 0.29296875, -0.8046875, 0.51171875, -0.458984375, -0.64453125, 0.37890625, -0.2236328125, -0.62109375, -0.9609375, -0.353515625, 1.3046875, 0.56640625, 1.296875, 1.015625, -0.26953125, 0.75390625, -0.7734375, -0.205078125, -1.09375, 0.19140625, -0.306640625, -1.453125, 0.00360107421875, -0.384765625, 0.373046875, 0.6171875, -0.15625, 0.494140625, -1.5546875, -1.0546875, 0.10595703125, 2.296875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1531397559
Conditioned reinforcement and information theory reconsidered
The idea that stimuli might function as conditioned reinforcers because of the information they convey about primary reinforcers has a long history in the study of learning. However, formal application of information theory to conditioned reinforcement has been largely abandoned in modern theorizing because of its failures with respect to observing behavior. In this paper we show how recent advances in the application of information theory to Pavlovian conditioning offer a novel approach to conditioned reinforcement. The critical feature of this approach is that calculations of information are based on reductions of uncertainty about expected time to primary reinforcement signaled by a conditioned reinforcer. Using this approach, we show that previous failures of information theory with observing behavior can be remedied, and that the resulting framework produces predictions similar to Delay Reduction Theory in both observing-response and concurrent-chains procedures. We suggest that the similarity of these predictions might offer an analytically grounded reason for why Delay Reduction Theory has been a successful theory of conditioned reinforcement. Finally, we suggest that the approach provides a formal basis for the assertion that conditioned reinforcement results from Pavlovian conditioning and may provide an integrative approach encompassing both domains.
[ 0.5546875, -0.1064453125, 1.03125, 0.138671875, 0.46484375, -0.193359375, -1.09375, 0.671875, -0.6328125, -1.78125, -0.9921875, 0.953125, 1.875, -0.25, -0.5625, 1.6015625, 0.037841796875, -0.318359375, -0.5234375, -0.6953125, 0.044189453125, 0.91796875, -1.171875, -0.16015625, 1.21875, -0.034423828125, 0.42578125, -0.54296875, -0.5078125, 2.296875, -0.99609375, -0.431640625, -2.015625, 0.255859375, -0.53125, 0.53125, -0.0458984375, 0.35546875, 0.0751953125, 0.31640625, 1.75, 0.82421875, 1.28125, -0.55859375, 0.404296875, 0.59765625, -0.78125, -1.8671875, -0.494140625, -0.1923828125, 0.2197265625, 1.4296875, 1.1953125, -0.421875, 1.1171875, 0.77734375, -1.0703125, -0.2119140625, -0.46875, -1.15625, -0.330078125, -0.490234375, 0.91015625, 0.27734375, 0.326171875, -0.251953125, 0.283203125, 1.3359375, 0.87890625, 0.59765625, 1.2421875, -0.56640625, -0.484375, 0.66796875, 1.140625, 0.1806640625, 0.38671875, 2.765625, 0.83984375, 0.8359375, 1.1328125, -0.93359375, -0.140625, 1.078125, 0.66015625, 0.9375, -0.640625, 1.6328125, 1.515625, -0.1943359375, -0.5234375, 1.5859375, -0.99609375, 0.451171875, -0.8828125, -0.1650390625, 1.7421875, 0.7734375, -0.69140625, 1.703125, 0.162109375, -1.0078125, 0.0106201171875, -0.341796875, -1.0078125, 0.578125, -0.034912109375, -0.78515625, -0.70703125, -0.123046875, -0.9140625, 0.62109375, -0.2412109375, 1.046875, 1.046875, 1.0234375, 1.3046875, 1.7265625, -0.7109375, -0.81640625, 0.4296875, -2.046875, 1.4609375, -0.59765625, 2.734375, 1.6640625, 0.07958984375, 0.2451171875, -1.0234375, -1.921875, 2.25, 1.2421875, -0.470703125, 0.486328125, 1.0078125, -0.3203125, 0.031494140625, 0.07373046875, -1.640625, 0.13671875, 0.75, 1.6953125, -1.15625, 0.7265625, -1.296875, 0.0693359375, 0.28125, -0.1142578125, -0.10498046875, 2.8125, -0.55078125, -1.453125, -0.2001953125, 1.6328125, 1.0625, -0.19140625, -2.375, 2.828125, -0.7734375, -0.3828125, 1.265625, -1.203125, 2.53125, -0.2490234375, -0.51953125, 0.00543212890625, -0.90234375, -0.01214599609375, -0.53125, 0.54296875, 0.0255126953125, -0.6328125, 0.60546875, -0.1904296875, 2.078125, -1.2578125, -0.86328125, 0.8984375, 0.76953125, 0.62109375, 0.08984375, 0.7734375, -0.10400390625, -1.1875, -0.57421875, 1.4140625, -0.578125, -0.61328125, -0.578125, 0.404296875, -0.5078125, -1.734375, -1.8203125, 2.921875, 0.609375, -0.65234375, -0.435546875, 0.7265625, 0.236328125, -0.1767578125, -2.484375, 1.171875, -1.0703125, -0.07763671875, 0.5703125, 0.24609375, 0.12158203125, -0.000278472900390625, 0.78125, 1.484375, -1.859375, -1.3125, 0.34765625, -1.1875, 1.1484375, -1.09375, 0.1357421875, -0.78125, -0.2734375, -1.21875, 1.875, 0.828125, -0.578125, 1.3984375, -1.078125, -2.53125, 0.92578125, 0.0172119140625, -2.046875, -0.005340576171875, 1.9609375, 0.84375, 0.890625, -1.3046875, -1.453125, 0.28125, 0.26171875, 0.0211181640625, 1.1875, 0.63671875, 0.043212890625, -0.67578125, -1.03125, 1.03125, 0.46875, 0.34375, 0.703125, -0.2470703125, -0.0223388671875, -0.38671875, 2.34375, 0.373046875, 0.43359375, -1.6875, -0.9296875, -0.7265625, 0.240234375, 0.78125, -0.75390625, -0.396484375, -0.44921875, -0.0164794921875, -0.984375, -1.03125, 0.1435546875, 0.1611328125, -2.609375, -0.71484375, -0.1025390625, -0.478515625, 0.58984375, -2.375, 0.53515625, -0.90625, 0.201171875, 1.625, -0.83203125, -1.890625, -0.48828125, 0.44921875, 0.038330078125, -0.43359375, -1.453125, 1.265625, 0.333984375, 0.69921875, 1.65625, 0.625, -1.234375, -0.30078125, 0.9921875, 1.0234375, -1.5859375, 0.55859375, -0.263671875, 0.1826171875, 0.376953125, 3.25, 0.173828125, 0.66015625, -0.2470703125, 1.8046875, -0.80078125, 0.259765625, 0.6953125, -1.9609375, -1.6328125, -1.0625, 1.421875, 0.2001953125, 0.66015625, 1.4375, -0.58984375, 1.3046875, 0.11376953125, 1.0703125, -0.703125, -1.3515625, 0.92578125, -0.6796875, 1.046875, 1.390625, -0.416015625, -0.279296875, 0.2236328125, -0.7265625, -1.0703125, -0.43359375, -0.353515625, -1.2734375, -0.35546875, 1.125, 2.09375, 0.48046875, -0.734375, 0.625, -0.46875, -1.328125, 2.171875, 0.33203125, 1.59375, -0.1689453125, 0.400390625, -1.765625, -1.5, -0.6953125, -0.2080078125, -0.03271484375, 0.3046875, -1.2421875, 1.03125, 0.087890625, 1.5859375, -0.88671875, -0.453125, 0.470703125, 0.609375, -1.7578125, 0.380859375, 0.341796875, 0.51171875, -0.94921875, -0.25390625, 0.21875, 1.140625, 0.58984375, 0.86328125, 0.6015625, -0.70703125, -1.5390625, 1.09375, -0.11279296875, -0.83203125, 1.4765625, 0.50390625, 1.53125, -1.6640625, -2.8125, -0.55078125, 3, -0.63671875, -0.30859375, 0.439453125, -0.26171875, 1.75, 0.76953125, -0.72265625, 0.18359375, -0.6875, 2.265625, 0.00872802734375, 1.1015625, -2.3125, -0.609375, 1.703125, -1.0625, 0.423828125, -0.78125, -1.3671875, -1.2421875, -0.51953125, -0.84765625, 0.875, -1.28125, -0.42578125, 1.1953125, -1.3359375, 0.875, -0.81640625, -0.039794921875, -1.5703125, -0.87109375, 0.2060546875, -0.259765625, 0.28125, 0.6875, -0.8125, -1.1953125, 1.4765625, -1.359375, 0.37109375, -1.171875, 0.7578125, -1.046875, -0.54296875, 2.234375, -0.984375, 0.71875, -0.9453125, 0.42578125, 0.30859375, -0.578125, 0.06640625, -0.478515625, 0.56640625, 0.53515625, 2.21875, 0.6171875, -0.5703125, -0.78125, -1.09375, -0.6796875, -0.52734375, 0.365234375, 0.77734375, 1.9609375, 0.047119140625, -0.63671875, -1.0703125, 0.294921875, 0.388671875, -2.328125, -2.046875, -0.9609375, -0.2421875, -0.2294921875, -0.4921875, -0.9296875, -1.7890625, 0.4609375, -0.5078125, 0.55859375, 0.380859375, -0.21484375, -0.373046875, -0.26953125, 0.6484375, 0.921875, -0.357421875, 0.828125, 0.83203125, 0.890625, -2.921875, -0.57421875, -0.244140625, -0.1484375, 0.78125, 0.96875, -0.83203125, -0.66015625, 2.046875, 1.421875, -1.5, 0.8515625, 0.376953125, -0.361328125, -0.396484375, 1.625, 1.390625, -1.1875, 0.26953125, 1.515625, 0.0087890625, -1.484375, 0.2314453125, -1.6015625, 0.78515625, 0.94921875, 0.33203125, 1.4375, -0.9375, 0.0184326171875, -2.171875, -0.2001953125, -0.337890625, 0.2177734375, 0.1376953125, 0.71875, 0.193359375, 1.3828125, 1.2890625, 3.1875, -1.46875, -2.265625, -0.138671875, 0.29296875, 0.875, 0.8125, 1.75, -0.103515625, 0.369140625, -2.21875, 0.38671875, -0.78125, 0.6640625, -0.34375, 2.046875, 0.625, -0.91796875, -0.306640625, -0.7890625, 0.00262451171875, -0.455078125, -0.07958984375, -0.458984375, -0.86328125, 2.109375, -1.1953125, 1.4609375, -0.2734375, -0.9140625, -0.2392578125, -0.87109375, -1.90625, 0.23828125, 1.03125, 0.765625, 1.21875, -0.66796875, 1.9140625, -1.9140625, 1.609375, -0.984375, -0.314453125, -0.11572265625, 1.5078125, -1.1171875, -0.77734375, 1.8671875, -1.1875, -0.99609375, -3.015625, -0.65234375, 2.4375, 0.875, -1.203125, -0.0771484375, -0.5078125, 3.40625, -0.458984375, -1.15625, 0.058349609375, -0.56640625, 0.85546875, 2.140625, -1.1953125, -0.1279296875, -0.427734375, 0.033203125, -0.1630859375, 0.4921875, 0.2080078125, -0.158203125, 1.078125, 0.294921875, 0.79296875, 1.46875, 0.353515625, 0.010498046875, -0.173828125, -1.1796875, -1.125, 0.1357421875, 0.103515625, -1.0625, 0.8984375, 0.01531982421875, 2, 0.51171875, 1.1875, -0.296875, 0.09814453125, 1.1484375, -0.279296875, -0.482421875, 0.408203125, 1.234375, -0.01043701171875, 1.96875, 1.3125, -0.9453125, -0.77734375, -0.30078125, -0.1328125, -0.7578125, -1.109375, 1.4296875, -0.55078125, -0.30078125, 0.51171875, -0.78515625, -0.1552734375, 0.42578125, 0.201171875, 0.369140625, -0.75390625, -1.171875, -1.0859375, 0.55078125, 0.2470703125, -0.83984375, 0.70703125, -0.9609375, -3, -1.5625, -1.15625, -2.625, -1.484375, 0.3671875, 0.244140625, 0.1728515625, 1.8515625, 0.205078125, -0.2236328125, -0.578125, 1.8515625, -2.3125, -0.109375, -1.046875, 1.9609375, -1.3671875, 0.6953125, -0.466796875, -1.640625, 0.07666015625, 0.85546875, -2.75, 0.302734375, -0.1337890625, -0.2294921875, 1.5390625, 1.3203125, -1.25, -0.11376953125, 0.435546875, 1.0390625, -0.5078125, -0.29296875, -0.90234375, -0.498046875, 0.5546875, -0.58984375, 0.50390625, 2.484375, 0.0201416015625, 1.5234375, -2.3125, 1.265625, -0.158203125, -0.81640625, 0.61328125, 1.0390625, -1.125, 1.59375, -0.125, -1.5078125, 0.34765625, -0.0859375, 0.390625, 0.1953125, -0.1455078125, 1.09375, 0.515625, 0.3359375, 1.578125, 1.296875, 0.396484375, 0.244140625, -0.5625, -0.5078125, 1.4296875, 0.2216796875, 1.953125, 0.69921875, 0.85546875, 0.326171875, 0.80078125, 1.0234375, -0.0595703125, 0.490234375, 0.4296875, 0.34765625, -0.93359375, 0.70703125, -0.8203125, 1.96875, 0.23828125, -0.8515625, -0.640625, -0.3359375, -0.1943359375, 1.890625, 1.6171875, -0.70703125, -0.3359375, -0.890625, -1.859375, 1.28125, -0.3984375, 1.6796875, -1.6640625, -1.296875, 0.52734375, -0.06103515625, 2.328125, -0.62890625, -0.1396484375, 0.65234375, 2.015625, 0.142578125, -0.1494140625, 2.1875, 0.6796875, -0.62109375, 0.431640625, 0.3203125, 0.984375, -0.875, -0.25390625, -1.1015625, -1.3515625, 0.10302734375, -1.390625, 1.1015625, 1.5390625, 0.35546875, 0.330078125, -0.53125, -0.80859375, -1.6640625, 0.6171875, -1.2109375, 0.5234375, -0.357421875, -0.1513671875, 0.310546875, 1.90625, -0.60546875, 0.5546875, -0.09375, 0.04833984375, -0.2294921875, 0.90625, -0.263671875, 0.796875, -0.0966796875, 0.63671875, -0.12109375, 0.51953125, -0.6484375, -1.203125, -1.8984375, -0.435546875, 1.0703125, -1.015625, 0.765625, 0.376953125, 0.96484375, -0.734375, -0.232421875, 0.126953125, 1.0078125, -0.1171875, 0.1806640625, -0.1953125, -1.6796875, 0.96875, 0.75390625, -1.296875, -1.28125, 1.953125, -0.9921875, 0.31640625, 0.0037994384765625, 0.3984375, -0.0206298828125, -0.06689453125, 0.84375, 1.265625, 0.9296875, 0.1337890625, -0.9765625, 1.34375, 0.8828125, -1.1796875, -0.71484375, -0.68359375, 0.0458984375, -0.52734375, 2.421875, 0.408203125, 0.82421875, 0.71484375, -0.1748046875, -1.390625, 0.81640625, 0.1640625, -1.5703125, -0.27734375, 0.42578125, -1.1484375, -0.419921875, -2.359375, 0.98046875, 2.40625, 0.984375, -0.69921875, 0.75, -0.58203125, 1.5, -0.58984375, 0.609375, 1.8671875, 1.3046875, 0.01336669921875, -0.5859375, -0.62109375, -0.6640625, -0.6171875, -1.03125, 0.63671875, 1.6015625, -0.451171875, -0.4765625, 0.0849609375, -0.236328125, 0.30859375, 0.28515625, 2.609375, 0.21484375, 2.625, 1.4453125, -0.055908203125, 1.4140625, 1.96875, -1.3359375, 0.84375, -1.046875, -1.2421875, 0.1396484375, -1.0390625, 0.63671875, 2.1875, 1.0234375, 0.25390625, -1.859375, -2.640625, -1.3984375, 0.984375, 1.9296875, -0.51953125, -0.0654296875, -0.7265625, 0.32421875, -1.078125, -0.3046875, 1.359375, -1.2890625, -0.6640625, -0.5546875, 1.3828125, -0.361328125, 0.1875, 0.0546875, -0.396484375, 1.9921875, 0.859375, 0.27734375, -0.314453125, 1.53125, -0.546875, 0.396484375, 0.57421875, 1.15625, -0.412109375, -0.63671875, -0.70703125, 0.404296875, -0.251953125, 1.6171875, -1.03125, 0.828125, 0.61328125, 0.330078125, 0.3984375, 0.08251953125, 0.83203125, -1.71875, 0.76171875, -0.208984375, 0.59765625, -0.92578125, -0.2138671875, 0.70703125, 0.474609375, 0.546875, 0.7734375, -1.03125, -1.03125, -0.279296875, 0.1259765625, 0.8359375, -0.46875, 1, -1.515625, -1.640625, -0.369140625, 0.375, 1.46875, 0.7578125, 1.4140625, -0.3984375, -0.279296875, -0.9375, -1.8828125, 1.6640625, 0.83203125, -0.66015625, -0.408203125, -0.01239013671875, 1.109375, 1.0703125, 1.359375, 0.287109375, 0.5, -1.421875, -0.80859375, 1.140625, -0.004974365234375, -0.76953125, -0.51953125, 0.376953125, -0.146484375, 1.140625, 0.5859375, -0.93359375, 0.875, 3.140625, -0.020263671875, -0.42578125, -0.018798828125, 0.84765625, -0.9609375, -0.326171875, 0.14453125, 1.0625, 0.0103759765625, 1.125, 0.453125, -0.61328125, -0.05029296875, -0.44921875, 1.515625, 1.90625, -0.462890625, -0.25, 1.5234375, -0.80078125, 0.59765625, -1.3671875, 1.65625, -1.1328125, -0.86328125, 0.07373046875, 1.1953125, 0.44140625, 1.7109375, 0.0625, -0.70703125, 0.59375, 0.365234375, -0.8125, 0.8046875, 0.84375, 1.1953125, 0.92578125, 0.515625, 0.8984375, -0.6953125, 0.66796875, -1.265625, -0.9921875, -0.98828125, -1.4375, -0.8671875, 0.83984375, 0.1748046875, 2.015625, 1.8671875, 1.4609375, -1.2109375, -1.1875, 1.5390625, 1.328125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1531493821
Characteristics of Antibiotic-Producing Strains of the Ocular Bacterial Flora
Summary The antibiotics produced by a series of 22 ocular Micrococci have proven to be heterogeneous. Nine different antibiotic agents were produced by the 22 strains. These were apparently active by at least 3 distinct and independent metabolic mechanisms. Fourteen of the 22 antibiotics were rather clearly of polypeptide nature, as evidenced by enzyme destruction and other properties. The remaining 8 agents were resistant to enzyme activity, but a few observations suggest that these too, could be peptide structures. The antibacterial spectra of samples of these strains have been examined in some detail. Only gram positive species were affected significantly. Micrococcus strains were inhibited most frequently, while Corynebacterium, Sarcina, and Bacillus cultures were also commonly and highly susceptible. Streptococci, Clostridia and Mycobacteria were moderately susceptible. In general, the spectra were grossly similar for the three groups of antibiotics which acted by differing metabolic mechanisms. A high degree of variability was often shown in the susceptibility of strains of a given species to a given antibiotic producer.
[ -1.203125, -0.271484375, 1.078125, -0.5625, -0.953125, -0.78125, -2.59375, 2.40625, -0.373046875, -0.875, -1.265625, -0.2197265625, 1.9140625, 0.12109375, 2.34375, -0.890625, -0.9921875, 1.53125, -1.28125, -0.8046875, -1.265625, 1.0859375, -1.625, 0.34375, 1.8984375, 0.79296875, -0.8125, 0.14453125, -0.328125, 0.2041015625, 0.74609375, 2.53125, -1.828125, -1.8671875, 1.1875, 0.255859375, 1.0859375, 1.0859375, -1.2265625, -1.7421875, 1.109375, -0.6171875, 0.4453125, -0.92578125, -0.53515625, 0.240234375, -1.0625, -0.1689453125, -0.216796875, -1.8046875, -0.6640625, -1.09375, 1.640625, -0.01397705078125, -2.359375, 1.625, -2.078125, -2.015625, 1.2421875, -1.4453125, 0.271484375, -3.640625, -0.7890625, -0.1259765625, -0.038330078125, -0.32421875, 0.46875, 0.50390625, 0.74609375, 0.90234375, 0.7265625, 2.171875, -0.0517578125, 0.0303955078125, 0.58984375, -0.89453125, 0.92578125, 0.30078125, 2.265625, 1.9140625, 0.9609375, -0.98828125, -1.7421875, 0.5390625, -1.1875, 2.359375, -0.412109375, 1.21875, 0.69140625, 2.78125, -1.1484375, 0.76171875, -0.9296875, -0.9765625, -1.0078125, -0.82421875, 0.96484375, -1.5, -0.435546875, 1.265625, -1.09375, 0.75, 0.423828125, -0.92578125, 1.1484375, 0.9921875, -0.84765625, -0.9140625, -0.62890625, -1.03125, 1.09375, 0.48046875, 0.8203125, -0.8125, 2.046875, -0.62109375, 0.26171875, 2.203125, 1.5546875, -0.671875, -1.3359375, -2.609375, -0.07421875, 0.984375, 1.3515625, 0.8828125, -0.53125, 1.28125, 1.3125, -0.6640625, -0.875, -1.6875, -1.3046875, 0.259765625, -1.1953125, -0.287109375, 1.046875, 0.2890625, 2.5, -0.08203125, 0.05615234375, 1.34375, 0.2216796875, -0.015625, 0.11572265625, 2.84375, -0.82421875, 0.8828125, 0.93359375, -0.421875, 0.7265625, -0.50390625, 0.0000858306884765625, 1.3515625, 0.2734375, -0.66015625, 1, 2.203125, 0.8515625, -0.040771484375, -0.98828125, -0.462890625, 0.51953125, 0.6171875, -0.1015625, 0.9609375, -1.0546875, 1.0546875, -0.5546875, -0.921875, -1.328125, -0.19921875, 0.99609375, 0.5703125, 0.5078125, -1.75, 1.0078125, 1.5859375, 0.95703125, -0.80859375, 0.83984375, 1.4375, -0.359375, -0.248046875, 0.515625, 1.8203125, -1.4921875, -0.90234375, -1.578125, 0.7109375, 1.8203125, -2.109375, -1.671875, -0.040283203125, -0.56640625, -0.5625, 0.7578125, 1.3515625, 0.296875, 0.1787109375, -1.59375, -1.15625, 2.25, -1.0234375, 0.66796875, 0.439453125, -0.0230712890625, 1.78125, 1.0625, 1.5078125, -0.640625, -0.765625, -0.283203125, 0.578125, -2.0625, 0.72265625, 0.216796875, -0.42578125, -1.4453125, -1.0703125, 1.1640625, 1.0546875, -0.2890625, 0.6640625, 0.2333984375, -1.25, 0.7578125, 1.0234375, -1.5234375, -0.09375, 0.67578125, 0.173828125, -1.0234375, -0.287109375, -2.265625, -0.6171875, -1.90625, 0.1884765625, 0.578125, 0.1591796875, 1.7109375, -0.8515625, -0.2490234375, 0.1875, 1.1953125, 1.1015625, 1.984375, 0.6328125, -0.921875, 0.7109375, 1.9140625, -0.63671875, -0.447265625, 1.5859375, -0.55078125, -0.302734375, 0.171875, 1.375, 1.515625, -0.27734375, 0.43359375, 0.00872802734375, 0.51953125, 0.78515625, 0.01953125, 0.419921875, -0.5703125, -0.95703125, -2.0625, 0.57421875, -1.6640625, -1.09375, -0.76171875, -1.5234375, -0.89453125, 0.98046875, 1.046875, -0.478515625, -0.6875, 0.453125, -1.25, -1.1015625, 1.21875, -1.546875, 0.396484375, 0.1982421875, 0.326171875, 0.408203125, -0.396484375, 0.0186767578125, 0.279296875, 0.65234375, -0.5859375, -0.263671875, 0.376953125, -1.046875, 0.365234375, 2.109375, -0.208984375, 1.3359375, 2.546875, 0.55078125, -1.234375, -0.16796875, 1.2109375, -0.89453125, 0.48046875, -0.69921875, 0.26953125, 0.54296875, 0.58203125, 1.734375, -1.8984375, 2.765625, 1.6328125, 1.3515625, -0.267578125, -1.7734375, 0.1669921875, -1.21875, 0.87890625, -0.302734375, -1.390625, 1.1796875, -0.75, 0.42578125, -0.318359375, 0.166015625, -1.3828125, 0.90234375, -0.89453125, -3.28125, 1.78125, -0.52734375, -0.60546875, 0.01226806640625, -1.359375, -1.75, 0.765625, -0.5390625, -0.03857421875, -0.80859375, -0.78515625, -1.015625, -0.7421875, 0.44140625, 0.2236328125, -0.55078125, 0.953125, -2.03125, -0.515625, 0.74609375, -0.60546875, -1.6640625, -1.0625, 0.88671875, 1.4921875, -0.328125, -1.1484375, 0.703125, -0.09521484375, 0.01458740234375, 0.28125, 2.328125, -0.07666015625, 0.12353515625, 0.1572265625, -1.71875, -0.8828125, 0.046630859375, 2, -1.6640625, -0.78125, 1.78125, 0.279296875, 2.15625, -1.3828125, -0.9765625, -0.0228271484375, 0.8828125, -0.46484375, 1.0859375, -1.1953125, 0.53515625, 0.57421875, 1.4453125, 1.34375, 0.68359375, -0.4375, 2.46875, 1.4375, -1.4453125, -4.28125, -0.11083984375, 1.0703125, 0.5859375, 0.73828125, -1.0703125, -0.484375, -0.3671875, 0.09033203125, 1.234375, 1.296875, 1.171875, 0.064453125, -2.078125, -2.171875, -1.3359375, 0.041748046875, 0.208984375, -1.1640625, 0.984375, -0.09521484375, -0.78125, 0.97265625, 0.56640625, -0.050048828125, -1.4765625, -1.2578125, -0.158203125, 0.68359375, -1.6640625, 0.044189453125, -1.3203125, -0.271484375, 1.1796875, -0.78125, 1.78125, -1.90625, -1.0859375, 0.99609375, -0.07080078125, -0.875, -1.8046875, -0.337890625, -0.5859375, -0.3984375, -0.6796875, -1.3046875, -0.9140625, 0.4921875, -0.34765625, 0.0830078125, 0.359375, 1.03125, 1.6484375, -0.4453125, 1.0859375, 0.291015625, 0.578125, 0.5546875, 0.625, -2.765625, -0.97265625, -0.8359375, 0.97265625, -0.2109375, -0.2041015625, 0.05419921875, 0.6171875, 0.18359375, -0.498046875, -0.5078125, -1.0625, -0.01171875, -1.15625, -0.70703125, -2.046875, 0.451171875, 2.046875, 0.62109375, 1.6796875, -0.2353515625, -0.1376953125, -0.0250244140625, 0.2412109375, 0.53515625, 0.9765625, 0.49609375, 1.546875, 1, 0.2080078125, -2.296875, 0.77734375, 0.9609375, 0.6328125, -0.189453125, -0.314453125, -0.458984375, -0.6875, 0.30078125, -0.1767578125, 0.87890625, 0.2119140625, 0.04443359375, -1.28125, 0.1943359375, 0.92578125, 0.240234375, -1.359375, 0.03515625, -2.8125, -0.9921875, 0.11083984375, 1.453125, 0.7578125, 1.578125, 0.054931640625, -2.328125, 0.90625, 2.21875, 2.359375, -0.921875, -0.71484375, -0.052734375, 2.03125, -0.24609375, 0.486328125, 0.58203125, -0.55859375, 1.890625, -0.4765625, -1.9609375, -0.10595703125, 1.953125, 0.06982421875, 1.171875, -0.07177734375, 0.427734375, -1.84375, -0.232421875, -0.765625, 1.015625, 0.8359375, -0.283203125, -1.171875, 0.259765625, 0.06640625, 0.671875, -0.1640625, -1.234375, 0.0693359375, -0.625, 1.375, 2.0625, 0.0167236328125, -0.45703125, 0.48046875, -0.1142578125, 1.0546875, -2.03125, -0.2197265625, -0.447265625, -0.90625, -1, 2, -0.625, -0.365234375, -1.0859375, -0.96875, 0.458984375, -1.2109375, 0.0196533203125, 1.734375, 0.310546875, 0.76171875, -0.7421875, -1.09375, 0.8125, 1.3359375, 0.1474609375, -1.3359375, 0.9375, -0.034423828125, 1.3125, -0.466796875, -1.734375, -1.1875, -0.6640625, -0.1474609375, 0.66015625, 0.99609375, 0.2431640625, -0.4765625, 0.0634765625, 0.9765625, 2.25, -0.59375, -0.1337890625, -1.1484375, 0.111328125, 0.9140625, 1.0078125, 1.9609375, 0.875, 0.45703125, 0.93359375, 2.703125, 0.322265625, 0.5390625, 0.08056640625, 0.40234375, 0.390625, -0.95703125, 0.1064453125, -0.271484375, 0.48046875, -0.44140625, -1.3203125, 0.388671875, 0.466796875, -0.8359375, -0.0032196044921875, 1.421875, 1.0859375, -1.1484375, 1.703125, -1.046875, -1.1640625, -0.1953125, -0.80859375, 0.2138671875, 0.83984375, 1.890625, -1.046875, -1.0859375, 0.306640625, -0.12158203125, 1.34375, 1.2890625, -1.1171875, 1.1328125, -0.455078125, -1.2734375, -0.20703125, 0.359375, -0.48828125, 0.0693359375, 1.453125, -0.357421875, 1.921875, -0.9140625, -0.1806640625, 0.3515625, -0.48828125, 0.53515625, -0.6015625, -0.46875, -0.25390625, 1.4765625, -0.5, -1.3984375, -0.2177734375, 0.875, -0.00567626953125, 0.90625, -0.6484375, -0.052001953125, 0.07275390625, -0.298828125, -0.51953125, -0.0810546875, -0.162109375, 0.7890625, 1.546875, 0.026123046875, 1.4140625, -0.93359375, -0.5, 1.03125, -0.69921875, 0.9453125, 0.486328125, 0.032958984375, -0.91796875, 2.015625, 0.0115966796875, 1.1328125, 0.85546875, -0.73828125, -0.490234375, -0.19921875, -1.265625, -0.1337890625, 1.8359375, -0.74609375, -2.15625, 0.83203125, 1.2578125, 1.1171875, -0.24609375, 1.4453125, 0.75390625, 1.1640625, 0.04296875, -0.057373046875, 0.5546875, -0.453125, 0.6953125, -0.875, 0.5390625, 0.318359375, 1.015625, -0.82421875, -1.09375, -1.0546875, 1.046875, 0.7890625, 0.08837890625, 1.125, -0.162109375, -0.400390625, -0.8828125, 0.30859375, 0.6875, 1.1796875, 1.375, -1.140625, 0.20703125, -0.84375, 1.0078125, -1.390625, 0.84375, 0.40234375, -0.91015625, -1.3515625, -0.51171875, 1.078125, 0.734375, 1.8203125, -0.59375, -0.80859375, 0.2451171875, -0.99609375, 0.67578125, 1.578125, 0.134765625, 1.28125, -0.4296875, 1.5390625, -0.60546875, -0.50390625, 1.1171875, 0.2890625, 0.416015625, 0.302734375, -0.31640625, -3.125, -0.490234375, -0.77734375, -0.61328125, 1.5546875, 0.416015625, 2.40625, 0.9765625, -1.7109375, -1.34375, -1.625, 0.416015625, -1.515625, -0.97265625, 0.423828125, 1.6015625, 0.14453125, 2.28125, 0.39453125, -0.3046875, -1.59375, -0.71875, 0.90625, -0.76171875, -1.109375, -0.171875, 0.77734375, 0.19921875, -0.275390625, -0.546875, -2.921875, -0.2490234375, 1.671875, -0.6640625, -0.69921875, -1.0859375, -1.515625, -2.203125, 1.8125, 0.73046875, 0.08642578125, -0.83984375, -0.84375, 0.369140625, -0.48046875, -1.921875, -1.2109375, 1.09375, -0.4921875, 1.5078125, 2.46875, 0.01080322265625, 1.1328125, 0.94140625, 0.74609375, -0.328125, -0.251953125, 1.03125, 0.64453125, -0.265625, -1.390625, -1.1015625, 0.263671875, 0.79296875, -1.46875, -1.109375, 0.134765625, -1.953125, -1.1015625, -0.6171875, -0.640625, 1.2890625, 0.69921875, -0.1416015625, 0.353515625, -0.6015625, -0.828125, -0.76953125, -0.68359375, -0.5625, -0.341796875, -1.9765625, 0.1376953125, -0.390625, -2.15625, 0.62890625, -0.3984375, -0.8515625, -1.1796875, -0.275390625, 0.357421875, -0.46484375, 0.3515625, -0.52734375, 0.3359375, 1.1171875, 1.15625, -0.875, -0.9296875, -1.1953125, 0.474609375, 0.6484375, -1.6015625, 3.390625, -0.32421875, -1.09375, 1, 0.28515625, -0.1103515625, -0.04443359375, -0.46875, 1.0234375, 0.1435546875, 0.5234375, 2.328125, 0.10791015625, 3.171875, -0.1923828125, 0.1728515625, -1.6171875, -1.140625, -0.7421875, 0.51953125, 0.294921875, 2.546875, 0.3046875, 1.0703125, 0.51953125, -0.31640625, 0.40625, 0.080078125, -0.359375, 2.0625, -1.15625, -0.69921875, -0.6796875, -0.04248046875, 1.625, -1.203125, -0.059814453125, 0.54296875, -0.0810546875, -0.8359375, 0.5078125, -1.09375, -1.0546875, 0.10009765625, 1.3671875, 0.58203125, 0.1962890625, -0.60546875, -0.349609375, 0.54296875, -1.1171875, -2.28125, -0.7421875, 1.34375, -1.8203125, -1.1640625, -1.9375, -0.546875, 0.9140625, -0.48046875, -1.1484375, 0.68359375, -0.053955078125, 0.080078125, 0.09619140625, -0.76171875, -0.8203125, -2.046875, 0.46484375, -0.77734375, -0.11767578125, -0.18359375, -0.60546875, 0.45703125, -0.10693359375, 0.412109375, -3.3125, 1.203125, 1.203125, -1.3984375, -0.173828125, -0.11962890625, -0.54296875, -1.1953125, -1.4765625, -1.421875, 1.9375, -0.46484375, -0.1923828125, -0.63671875, 0.2138671875, 0.107421875, 1.8125, 0.038818359375, -1.890625, 1.5546875, 0.28125, -3.078125, 0.265625, -1.7265625, 0.01190185546875, -0.92578125, 0.9765625, -1.125, 1, 0.234375, 0.5234375, 0.9140625, 0.408203125, -0.49609375, -0.50390625, 1.796875, 0.51953125, -0.1748046875, 1, -0.765625, -0.734375, 0.12353515625, 0.6953125, 0.05810546875, -0.21484375, -1.0546875, -0.03564453125, -0.62109375, -0.294921875, -0.0908203125, -0.55078125, 0.6015625, -0.435546875, -0.1923828125, 1.015625, 2.59375, 0.7421875, 1.3125, 0.86328125, 0.625, -0.10498046875, -0.017578125, 0.357421875, -0.09619140625, -0.60546875, -2.234375, 0.357421875, -1.1484375, 0.031005859375, 0.97265625, -0.154296875, 0.80859375, -0.8671875, -0.75390625, -0.27734375, -0.98046875, 1.4375, 0.9921875, 3.734375, -1.140625, 0.91796875, 0.435546875, -0.478515625, 0.75390625, -0.98046875, 0.1279296875, -0.314453125, 2.71875, -0.71875, 1.3359375, 0.47265625, 1.3984375, 0.3828125, 2, -0.1767578125, -1.8359375, 0.2021484375, 2.765625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1531635446
Preparing Teachers for Diversity: A Dilemma of Quality and Quantity
The paper documents the characteristics of California’s existing student and teacher population, explores research on the effect on students of having teachers who are from minority groups and/or teachers who earn credentials from programs that focus on diversity is- sues, identifies barriers to increasing the number of teachers with diverse backgrounds in the workforce, and makes recommendations to in- crease the pool of minority teachers and to improve the preparation of teachers to perform effectively with diverse students.
[ -0.71875, -0.07470703125, -0.1650390625, -0.7890625, 0.0927734375, -0.2158203125, -1.8671875, 2.46875, 1.1953125, -1.7265625, 0.50390625, -0.038818359375, 2.34375, -0.6171875, 1.625, 1.0078125, -0.96875, -0.12451171875, -1.0078125, -1.9140625, -1.1953125, -1.4140625, -1.0703125, 3.1875, 0.310546875, -0.2578125, 1.2265625, -1.2578125, 0.76953125, 0.7578125, 0.90234375, 0.478515625, -0.96484375, 0.1064453125, -0.2060546875, 1.359375, -1.2109375, 3.03125, -1.0546875, 0.412109375, 1.375, -0.392578125, 0.052978515625, 0.7265625, 0.326171875, 1.7578125, -0.265625, 0.65625, 0.90625, -1.5, 0.8515625, 0.33203125, 1.796875, -0.59375, 0.609375, 0.6875, 0.15625, -1.484375, 0.85546875, 1.4765625, -1.3984375, -1.4296875, 0.005462646484375, -0.74609375, 1.34375, -0.91796875, 2, 1.21875, 0.79296875, 1.6171875, -0.07568359375, 0.380859375, 1.7265625, -2.390625, 1.65625, -1.2734375, 0.5625, -0.4140625, -0.00439453125, 0.0703125, 0.56640625, -1.6953125, -1.09375, 0.5703125, -1.1484375, 2.21875, -0.625, 2.328125, -1.2265625, 1.9765625, -0.25390625, -0.3125, -0.1337890625, 0.400390625, 0.88671875, 0.734375, 0.447265625, 0.35546875, -0.43359375, -0.5390625, 0.62109375, 0.32421875, -0.3515625, 1, -1.4453125, 1.5703125, -0.228515625, 0.58203125, -1.3984375, 1.453125, 0.078125, -0.28125, 0.57421875, 1.375, 1.5078125, 1.0078125, 0.6953125, -0.142578125, 0.447265625, -0.10595703125, 0.326171875, -2.25, 0.9375, -0.65625, 1.8828125, 1.8359375, 0.875, 0.314453125, 1.1875, 0.74609375, -0.8203125, 0.3671875, 2.375, 0.404296875, 0.380859375, -0.734375, 0.451171875, 1.2109375, 0.953125, 1.515625, 0.494140625, 2.234375, 0.002044677734375, -1.1171875, -1.453125, -0.2060546875, -0.189453125, -0.59765625, -0.71484375, 0.87109375, -0.73828125, -1.359375, 0.365234375, 1.8671875, 0.56640625, 0.412109375, -1.6484375, 2.28125, 0.1484375, -0.5703125, -0.27734375, 0.55859375, 0.546875, -0.66796875, -1.2421875, 0.431640625, -0.283203125, -1.6875, 1.7578125, 0.875, -0.018310546875, 1.3984375, 0.6171875, 0.1337890625, 1.953125, 2.125, -1.203125, 1.1875, 0.94140625, -0.69921875, 1.375, 1.7265625, 0.77734375, 0.1669921875, 0.578125, -0.0118408203125, -2.75, 0.263671875, -1.375, 1.9296875, 0.1923828125, -0.40234375, -1.2578125, 2.53125, 0.62890625, -1.0703125, -0.050537109375, 2.21875, 0.328125, -0.80078125, -0.65234375, 0.90234375, 1.3984375, -0.1826171875, 1.875, -0.8359375, 1.703125, -0.1474609375, -0.98828125, 0.76171875, -1.046875, -1.7109375, -0.671875, 1.7734375, 0.6796875, 0.10498046875, -1, 1.2578125, -2.40625, -1.4140625, 1.984375, 0.90234375, -0.49609375, 0.5703125, 0.9140625, -1.46875, -0.115234375, 0.62890625, 0.2294921875, 0.61328125, 1.7421875, 1.1640625, 1.1953125, -0.8671875, -0.9453125, 0.58984375, -1.1796875, 0.2275390625, -0.023681640625, -0.79296875, -0.03173828125, -1.0625, 0.05126953125, 2.0625, 1.4375, -0.7265625, 0.75, -1.65625, -0.9609375, 0.60546875, 1.2109375, 0.33203125, 0.44921875, -0.09521484375, -0.478515625, 0.10009765625, -0.166015625, 1.3203125, 1.453125, -0.48828125, -1.4609375, 0.78125, 0.57421875, 0.53515625, -2.34375, -1.859375, -1.1640625, -0.75, 0.48828125, -0.62890625, 1.46875, -2.765625, -0.376953125, 0.55078125, 0.78515625, -0.05419921875, -0.07568359375, -1.1796875, 0.451171875, -1.2734375, -0.050537109375, -2.109375, -2.71875, -0.48046875, 0.443359375, 1.3125, 0.5234375, -0.73046875, -1.328125, 1.015625, 2.671875, -0.07421875, 0.50390625, 0.416015625, -0.98046875, -1.03125, -0.2412109375, 1.8046875, 0.173828125, -0.109375, 1.9609375, 0.310546875, 0.3828125, -0.75390625, 1.8828125, -0.03662109375, -1.9296875, 0.6640625, 0.005523681640625, -1.1171875, -0.89453125, -1.90625, -1.5546875, 1.015625, 0.69140625, 1.359375, 0.33203125, -0.061767578125, 0.302734375, 1.203125, 1.265625, 1.78125, -0.46875, -1.2890625, 0.25, 0.1240234375, -0.5078125, -0.71484375, 0.1455078125, -0.201171875, 0.443359375, -0.482421875, 0.7265625, -0.061279296875, -1.203125, 0.98046875, -0.5859375, -0.27734375, 1.578125, -0.83203125, 0.734375, -0.6328125, -2.515625, -0.9921875, -0.8125, -0.85546875, -0.080078125, 0.6640625, 0.9140625, -2.09375, 1.0703125, -1.4609375, 2.359375, -1.5078125, -0.3046875, 1.0546875, 0.25, -1.8203125, -1.046875, 0.271484375, 1.359375, 1.0546875, -0.033935546875, 1.40625, 0.30078125, -0.703125, 0.84765625, 1.015625, 0.55078125, 0.97265625, 1.78125, 1.734375, -0.27734375, 2.078125, 0.6015625, 0.57421875, -0.140625, -0.7578125, 1.484375, 1.8359375, -1.359375, 0.283203125, -2.40625, 2.296875, 0.51953125, -1.46875, 1.8671875, -0.81640625, -1.8671875, 0.66796875, 0.82421875, -0.2578125, -2.234375, -1.859375, 0.56640625, 2.03125, -1.125, 0.8125, -1.21875, -0.427734375, 1.484375, 0.15625, 0.99609375, -1.21875, -0.158203125, -0.5859375, -2.546875, -0.50390625, 0.31640625, -0.041259765625, 1.265625, -2.15625, -1.5625, 0.07177734375, 0.248046875, -0.5234375, -0.69140625, -1.3359375, -1.640625, 0.060791015625, -0.01080322265625, -0.345703125, 0.5390625, -0.8515625, -0.361328125, -0.12890625, 0.498046875, 1.4296875, -1.8671875, -1.3203125, 1.8515625, -0.78125, 0.87109375, -1.125, 0.83203125, -0.92578125, 1.3671875, 0.6875, -1.8046875, 0.37890625, 0.01409912109375, 0.5, -0.1748046875, 0.54296875, 1.46875, 1.1640625, 0.06298828125, 1.6015625, 1.8359375, -0.40625, -2.046875, -0.50390625, -0.359375, -1.125, 0.74609375, 1.6328125, -0.84375, -0.46484375, -2.265625, -0.38671875, -0.1279296875, -0.58984375, 0.69140625, -1.0234375, 1.4140625, 0.296875, -0.83203125, 0.013916015625, -0.9375, 1.8671875, 0.2177734375, 1.9375, -2.96875, -1.1796875, 0.314453125, 1.015625, -1.03125, 0.2294921875, -0.265625, 1.171875, 2.15625, 0.6328125, -0.70703125, -0.494140625, -1.578125, -0.5390625, 1.2109375, 1.578125, 1.140625, 1.21875, 0.201171875, -1.28125, 1.5, -0.640625, 2.0625, 0.009033203125, 1.40625, 1.2421875, -1.796875, 0.34765625, -0.494140625, -1.1796875, -1.5390625, 1.4140625, 1.2109375, 1.0703125, -0.96875, -2.59375, -1.2265625, 2.125, 1.3671875, 0.78515625, -2.46875, -1.8671875, 0.43359375, -0.2392578125, 1.4296875, -0.80078125, 0.5390625, -1.859375, 1.046875, -1.90625, -1.7578125, -0.392578125, 0.26171875, 0.86328125, 1.9453125, 0.33203125, -0.8046875, -0.6171875, 1.796875, -0.330078125, 0.91015625, 0.302734375, 0.00007295608520507812, 0.953125, -0.7734375, -0.984375, 0.11376953125, -0.2734375, -0.1982421875, 0.1669921875, -0.1064453125, -1.2265625, 1.265625, -0.9453125, -1.1875, 0.53125, 0.6796875, 0.037109375, -1.8046875, -0.5625, -1.25, -0.64453125, 0.322265625, 2.21875, 0.66015625, -0.1689453125, 1, -1.3828125, -2, -1.1796875, 0.421875, 0.99609375, 0.435546875, -0.63671875, -0.94140625, -2.8125, 0.051025390625, -1.625, -0.408203125, 0.287109375, -1.5234375, 1.9296875, 1.9921875, -1.7265625, -0.07763671875, -0.455078125, -0.296875, -1.5078125, 1.53125, 1.609375, 0.443359375, 1.5625, 1.3203125, -1.4921875, -1.40625, -0.314453125, 0.267578125, -0.5078125, -2.140625, -0.57421875, 1.359375, 1.796875, 0.390625, -0.1572265625, 0.45703125, 2.15625, 0.05029296875, 1.296875, -1.65625, -0.0262451171875, 0.7109375, -0.306640625, -0.515625, 0.2421875, 0.85546875, -0.73828125, 0.984375, -1.15625, -0.2158203125, 0.53125, -2.5, 0.7109375, -0.2314453125, -1.2890625, 1.859375, -3.125, 0.384765625, 0.44921875, -0.55078125, -0.79296875, 0.3828125, 0.107421875, -1.234375, -1.3515625, 1.4609375, -0.90234375, 1.53125, 0.01422119140625, -0.6796875, -0.85546875, 1.0234375, -0.91015625, -0.173828125, -2.015625, -0.9453125, -1.125, 2.578125, -0.091796875, 0.31640625, -0.97265625, -0.2080078125, 1.4453125, 1.9765625, 0.53125, -1.3203125, 0.119140625, 0.43359375, 2.359375, -1.1328125, 0.392578125, 0.41796875, -0.1416015625, 2.015625, -0.7890625, -1.84375, 0.36328125, -0.154296875, 0.66796875, 0.64453125, -1.2109375, -0.486328125, 0.2314453125, 2.59375, 2.078125, -1.515625, -1.46875, 0.1513671875, -0.38671875, -1.7578125, -0.091796875, -1.9296875, 1.109375, -0.9140625, 1.9375, -0.98046875, 2.140625, -0.310546875, -0.296875, 1.1015625, -1.0859375, -0.83984375, 0.419921875, 1.1796875, -0.44140625, -0.640625, -0.7890625, -0.1904296875, 0.310546875, 1.03125, 1.203125, 0.75390625, 0.640625, 1.03125, 0.9609375, -0.265625, 0.5703125, 0.77734375, -0.306640625, 1.796875, -0.373046875, -0.349609375, -0.1796875, -0.32421875, -0.6875, -0.384765625, 0.8515625, -1.4453125, 0.404296875, 0.44140625, 2.15625, -1.4609375, -0.87109375, 1.4296875, 1.2890625, -0.376953125, -0.66796875, -0.134765625, 0.173828125, -1.515625, 2.3125, 0.1767578125, 0.51171875, -0.14453125, 0.76171875, -0.10693359375, 0.8515625, 0.123046875, 1.09375, -0.380859375, -0.2265625, 0.97265625, -0.28515625, 0.03173828125, 0.017822265625, 0.3046875, 1.359375, -0.76171875, 1.875, -0.0625, 1.15625, -1.609375, 0.30078125, 0.2421875, -2.25, -1.296875, -2.734375, 1.375, -0.73828125, -0.1669921875, 0.03955078125, 0.88671875, 1.1640625, -1.203125, 0.03125, -3.328125, 0.2470703125, 1.2890625, -1.4453125, -0.224609375, -0.423828125, 0.11181640625, -1.5234375, -0.5390625, -0.77734375, -0.193359375, -0.007781982421875, -0.306640625, 0.470703125, -1.5703125, -0.404296875, 2.078125, 0.384765625, 0.357421875, -0.93359375, -0.6484375, -0.76953125, -0.703125, 0.9140625, -2.09375, -1.5703125, -1.2578125, 0.44140625, -0.68359375, 0.1416015625, 0.6640625, 1.8203125, 0.00124359130859375, -0.287109375, -1.0625, -0.9921875, -0.9375, -1.6640625, 0.546875, 0.99609375, -0.240234375, -0.439453125, 0.365234375, 1.0546875, 0.89453125, 0.007232666015625, 0.44140625, -0.55078125, -2.4375, 0.45703125, 0.04150390625, 0.1484375, -0.076171875, 0.1201171875, 1.4453125, -1.5703125, 1.4609375, 0.7109375, -0.380859375, 0.57421875, -1.734375, 0.515625, -0.443359375, 1.3515625, 0.1123046875, -0.2021484375, 0.205078125, -0.89453125, 1.296875, -1.65625, -0.06396484375, 0.2265625, -1.546875, 0.9609375, -0.259765625, -1.0546875, -0.83984375, -0.240234375, 1.1015625, -0.81640625, -0.86328125, 0.609375, 0.0732421875, 1.90625, 1.5703125, 1.6796875, 2.359375, 2.203125, -0.8671875, -2.015625, -0.73046875, -0.4453125, 0.236328125, -0.1904296875, 0.0986328125, 0.412109375, 1.5234375, -1.78125, 1.0234375, 0.9453125, 0.2294921875, 2.28125, 1.40625, -1.8203125, 0.3046875, -1.0859375, 0.11865234375, 3.671875, 1.5, -0.54296875, -0.71484375, 0.33984375, -0.5078125, 1.125, -3.28125, 0.76171875, -0.43359375, 1.2109375, -0.15234375, -1.1171875, -0.71875, -1.015625, -0.087890625, 2.21875, -1.59375, 0.400390625, 0.55078125, -0.5234375, -0.76953125, -0.6796875, 0.58203125, 0.95703125, 0.035888671875, -0.82421875, 2.234375, -0.78515625, -1.484375, -1.375, -0.8359375, -0.2470703125, -0.6328125, -0.84375, -1.2421875, 0.90234375, -0.45703125, 0.09814453125, 0.84765625, 0.373046875, -0.4375, -0.6953125, -1.7734375, 0.333984375, 0.5390625, 0.55859375, -0.5546875, -1.078125, -1.328125, -0.87890625, 0.55078125, -1.328125, -0.050537109375, -0.00762939453125, 0.7890625, 0.609375, 0.0380859375, 1.8515625, 1.1484375, 0.03369140625, -1.6796875, 0.51171875, -1.09375, -0.52734375, -1.609375, -0.58203125, -0.0771484375, -1.734375, 0.0111083984375, -0.8984375, -1.421875, -0.0625, -0.5078125, -0.0712890625, 0.80078125, -0.05859375, 0.020263671875, 0.462890625, -0.490234375, 0.45703125, -1.796875, 0.57421875, 0.921875, -1.71875, -0.341796875, -0.53125, -1.71875, -0.84765625, -0.66796875, -0.41796875, 1.0546875, -0.248046875, -0.48828125, 0.80859375, -0.2109375, -0.55078125, -0.6640625, -0.40234375, -2.1875, -0.55078125, 0.400390625, -1.9453125, 1.4140625, 2.46875, -0.123046875, -0.59765625, -0.4921875, -0.20703125, -1.4609375, 0.5546875, -1.0546875, 0.96484375, -0.271484375, 0.43359375, 0.0155029296875, 0.64453125, 0.6015625, -0.380859375, 0.5078125, 1.25, 2.34375, 0.423828125, 1.3125, 0.158203125, -0.294921875, 0.5625, -1.171875, -2.171875, 0.01513671875, -0.90234375, -0.6875, 2.015625, 0.86328125, -0.1708984375, -2.8125, 0.177734375, -0.9140625, 0.69140625, 1.0390625, 1.6640625, 1.9296875, -0.0693359375, 1.296875, -0.640625, 1.078125, -2.1875, 0.90234375, 1.5, -0.19921875, -0.115234375, -1.65625, -0.26953125, 1.3515625, 1.96875, 2.5625, 0.39453125, -1.8203125, -1.0859375, -0.578125, 2.046875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1531673595
The Gold Standard Illusion : France, the Bank of France, and the International Gold Standard, 1914-1939
Introduction 1. The gold standard and central banking to 1914 2. The worm in the fruit 3. Deflation in practice 4. The franc in peril 5. The guillotine's clean cut: The Bank of France and the Poincare stabilization 6. Rather a faith than a theory: central bank co-operation, 1916-30 7. The gold standard illusion 8. Towards modern central banking 9. Conclusions Appendix I Appendix II
[ 0.984375, -0.8203125, 2.546875, -1.34375, -0.486328125, -1.5859375, -0.87890625, 1.40625, 0.37890625, -0.47265625, 0.94921875, 2.75, 3.046875, -2.265625, 1.7265625, -0.019775390625, -1.3125, -2.015625, -0.462890625, 0.2734375, 0.54296875, 1.453125, -0.9921875, 1.3125, 0.57421875, 0.5625, -1.8984375, -0.7265625, 1.3046875, 0.578125, 0.98046875, 0.671875, -2.265625, -0.6796875, 0.8984375, 0.8359375, -1.015625, 0.734375, -0.9140625, 0.2197265625, 2.578125, -1.046875, -0.400390625, -2.21875, -0.06591796875, 1.0703125, -0.03662109375, 0.1708984375, 0.6953125, -0.431640625, -0.2216796875, 0.515625, 1.484375, 0.3515625, 0.396484375, 1.2578125, -0.059814453125, -0.0026702880859375, 1.46875, 0.40625, -0.4921875, -2.578125, -0.2451171875, 1.171875, 1.0234375, 0.71484375, 0.8671875, -0.2734375, 1.453125, 1.2109375, 0.86328125, 0.046875, 0.140625, 0.4453125, 1.6171875, -0.361328125, 0.671875, -0.02685546875, 0.8125, 0.486328125, 1.7890625, 0.625, -0.08154296875, -0.259765625, -1.734375, 0.6484375, -1.7265625, 2.5625, 0.154296875, -0.00250244140625, 1.34375, 1.1640625, -1.78125, -0.68359375, 0.375, -0.77734375, 0.1982421875, -0.36328125, -1.5546875, 1.1171875, 0.134765625, -1.015625, -0.8984375, 0.419921875, 0.3984375, 0.404296875, -1.1953125, -0.82421875, -0.6953125, 0.859375, 0.265625, -1.3359375, -0.26171875, 1.140625, 0.041015625, 0.60546875, -0.279296875, 1.296875, 0.8671875, -0.27734375, -0.7890625, -0.51171875, -0.03173828125, 2.328125, 0.27734375, -0.05224609375, 0.47265625, 0.34375, -1.0234375, -1.1484375, 0.447265625, 0.435546875, 0.259765625, -1.1796875, 0.52734375, -0.6875, 2.078125, 0.28125, 0.10009765625, 0.84765625, -0.5078125, 1.4765625, -1.328125, 0.8359375, 0.5, -1.34375, 0.435546875, -0.01531982421875, -0.65234375, 1.3046875, 1.421875, -1.5, -0.1826171875, 0.83984375, 1.8359375, 0.97265625, -0.2001953125, 1.578125, -1.53125, 0.0172119140625, -1.6953125, -0.734375, 1.8203125, 0.6484375, 1.34375, -1.3984375, 0.89453125, -1.2734375, 0.515625, 0.109375, -1.4765625, -0.462890625, 0.25, 0.2060546875, 0.8984375, -1.921875, -0.6875, 2.953125, -0.6875, 0.59765625, -0.74609375, 1.359375, -0.8046875, -0.333984375, 2.375, -1.234375, -1.0546875, -1.484375, 0.42578125, 1.8984375, -0.67578125, -0.2275390625, -2.90625, 0.515625, 0.5703125, -2.796875, 0.76953125, 1.5859375, -0.0732421875, -1.1484375, -1.5703125, 1.71875, 1.5625, 1.1328125, 1.1640625, -0.28515625, 0.734375, 1.4140625, 1.0234375, 2.15625, 0.71484375, -0.057373046875, -1.453125, 0.06591796875, -0.66796875, -0.14453125, -0.921875, 2.46875, -0.083984375, -1.640625, -0.67578125, 1.828125, -0.890625, -0.0079345703125, 0.2353515625, -1.2265625, -0.8046875, 0.9921875, 0.177734375, 2.265625, 1.234375, -0.80859375, 0.046630859375, -0.70703125, -1.4453125, -2.109375, -0.66015625, -1.1875, 1.1875, 0.244140625, 1.65625, -0.58984375, 1.296875, 2.171875, 1.875, -0.2109375, 0.470703125, -2.375, -1.4453125, 1.53125, 1.8671875, 0.97265625, -1.25, -0.80859375, 0.1435546875, 0.609375, -0.416015625, 0.36328125, 1.8671875, 1.1484375, 0.265625, -1.3515625, 0.74609375, -1.375, -1.5625, -0.30078125, -1.546875, 1.0234375, -1.34375, 0.49609375, -1.0546875, -3.640625, 0.1865234375, -0.2578125, -0.28515625, 0.98828125, -1.2265625, -1.6171875, 1.3671875, -0.66015625, -2.1875, -0.58984375, 0.09765625, -1.625, -0.228515625, 0.81640625, 1.4609375, -0.19921875, -2.421875, -1.515625, 2.25, -0.142578125, -3.3125, -0.2734375, 0.9609375, -1.28125, -0.1669921875, 1.359375, 0.54296875, 0.8828125, 1.4609375, -0.06982421875, -1.546875, 0.1611328125, 1.2578125, -0.1591796875, -1.1875, -0.09326171875, 2.765625, -1.1640625, -1.0078125, -0.462890625, -1.6015625, 2.328125, 0.3046875, -1.2890625, -2.78125, -3.15625, 0.365234375, 1.2734375, 0.79296875, 0.314453125, 0.462890625, -1.640625, -0.310546875, -0.6484375, -1.828125, -2.65625, -1.0859375, -1.4609375, -0.859375, 0.59375, 0.63671875, -1.0234375, -1.3984375, 0.1435546875, 0.2138671875, -0.60546875, 1.015625, -0.58203125, -1, -1.640625, -1.2109375, 0.2412109375, -1.8671875, -0.01129150390625, 0.62109375, 0.041259765625, 1.0390625, -1.2890625, -1.2265625, 0.1796875, 0.515625, 0.6328125, -0.259765625, 0.3984375, 1.6640625, -1.4609375, -1.0234375, -1.09375, -0.69140625, -0.515625, -1.8671875, 0.0177001953125, 1.359375, -0.0673828125, 0.353515625, 1.1796875, -0.0159912109375, -1.5703125, 0.421875, -0.2490234375, -0.78125, 0.142578125, 1.8359375, -0.14453125, -4.15625, -1.15625, 0.92578125, 2.234375, 0.53515625, 1.53125, -0.5703125, -1.0859375, 0.91015625, -1.015625, -1.5703125, -0.1953125, -0.734375, 2.265625, 0.404296875, 0.16015625, -2.453125, -0.8203125, -0.047119140625, 0.6484375, 0.341796875, -0.71875, -0.89453125, -1.1875, 0.6171875, 1.6796875, 0.53515625, -0.7265625, -0.326171875, -0.359375, 0.51171875, 0.2333984375, -0.5859375, 0.2099609375, 0.0615234375, 0.193359375, -0.384765625, 0.78515625, 0.283203125, -0.1015625, -0.921875, -0.42578125, -1.828125, -1.4296875, 0.64453125, 1.0390625, 0.400390625, -0.68359375, -0.345703125, 0.248046875, -1.765625, 2.640625, -2.5625, -0.73828125, 0.326171875, 0.63671875, 0.53515625, -1.4140625, 0.220703125, -0.2060546875, 1.0234375, -1.1171875, -1.296875, 0.88671875, 0.173828125, -3.625, -0.734375, 1.3125, 1.9375, 1.6796875, -0.181640625, 0.1865234375, -0.734375, -1.4140625, -0.4765625, -1.328125, -1.8046875, -2.609375, 0.09912109375, -0.625, -2.125, -0.0157470703125, 0.06787109375, 0.330078125, 1.734375, -0.765625, 0.5625, 0.09033203125, -0.09765625, -1.21875, 0.3359375, 0.4609375, -0.287109375, 1.5078125, 2.078125, -1.4453125, -1.7265625, -0.9375, -0.6953125, 0.19921875, 0.302734375, -0.4609375, -0.87890625, 0.185546875, -0.189453125, 1.34375, -0.47265625, -0.208984375, -1.0234375, -3.1875, -0.97265625, 2.796875, 0.51171875, 0.283203125, 1.140625, -1.4921875, -1.390625, 0.97265625, 1.171875, -2.8125, 2.140625, 0.70703125, -0.050537109375, 0.34765625, -1.1484375, -1.734375, -3.46875, -0.1474609375, -1.078125, 0.08447265625, -2.796875, 0.0228271484375, -1.2265625, -0.71484375, 0.55078125, 2.484375, -0.185546875, -0.02099609375, 1.3046875, 0.1357421875, 0.953125, -1.1484375, 1.8046875, -1.234375, 1.1328125, -0.177734375, 2.484375, -2.46875, 1.390625, 0.546875, 1.84375, 2.296875, 1.6015625, -0.96484375, -2.015625, 0.671875, 0.291015625, 0.78125, -1.46875, 1.1953125, 0.53515625, 0.33203125, 1.2265625, -0.86328125, -0.890625, 0.2734375, -0.65234375, 0.6015625, 0.80859375, 0.9375, 0.3984375, 2, -0.2451171875, -1.296875, -0.5703125, -1.8515625, -2.09375, -1.28125, -0.64453125, 0.466796875, -1.1796875, -1.0078125, 0.7109375, -0.76953125, -0.193359375, -0.384765625, -0.65234375, 1.4609375, 3.875, -0.94921875, -1.1328125, -1.359375, 1.703125, 0.162109375, -0.369140625, 0.4296875, -0.59375, -1.2109375, 1.015625, -1.265625, -0.78515625, -2.578125, -1.4609375, -0.71484375, 0.79296875, -0.48828125, -0.82421875, 0.2890625, -0.259765625, -2.09375, 2.265625, 0.033203125, 0.7578125, -0.61328125, -1.5703125, -0.58984375, -0.380859375, -0.55078125, -0.48828125, 3.34375, 2.125, 1.7734375, 1.3046875, 1.5390625, -0.83203125, 2.109375, 1.5390625, 0.96875, 0.34375, 0.5546875, 1.109375, -0.6484375, -0.859375, -0.9921875, -1.7265625, -0.87109375, -0.050537109375, 0.2470703125, -0.22265625, 0.1201171875, 2.578125, -0.333984375, -1.6875, -1.265625, -0.033447265625, -1.2421875, 0.69921875, -0.023193359375, -0.578125, -0.203125, -1.140625, -0.33984375, 0.86328125, 1.171875, -0.73046875, 0.69921875, 0.86328125, -1.71875, 0.69140625, -0.90234375, -2.0625, -0.8203125, 0.275390625, 0.99609375, 1.640625, -0.36328125, 0.65625, 1.6640625, -0.388671875, 0.828125, -0.1591796875, -1.1484375, -0.248046875, 0.6875, -0.392578125, 0.86328125, -1.015625, 0.83984375, 0.326171875, 1.03125, -1.0078125, 0.56640625, -0.369140625, 1.1484375, -0.49609375, 0.921875, 0.9921875, 0.828125, 1.453125, 0.55078125, 0.13671875, 0.0458984375, 1.171875, 0.1103515625, -0.859375, -0.81640625, -0.1640625, 1.609375, 0.68359375, -0.166015625, 0.875, 1.1640625, -0.1044921875, -0.64453125, -0.50390625, -0.47265625, -0.78125, 0.423828125, -0.09423828125, -1.25, 0.310546875, 1.2109375, -0.380859375, 1.2578125, -0.3828125, 0.0732421875, -1.2421875, -0.0078125, 1.3203125, 0.640625, -0.0947265625, 1.0859375, -0.609375, -2.9375, 1.3828125, -0.6328125, -0.404296875, -1.140625, 0.51953125, 0.498046875, 1.359375, 2.03125, 0.267578125, 0.78515625, -0.96484375, -0.46875, 0.369140625, -0.98046875, -0.55078125, 0.341796875, 0.8984375, -1.40625, -1.5234375, 1.9140625, 0.1533203125, -0.8671875, -0.83203125, 0.0517578125, -0.037841796875, -0.93359375, 0.9921875, 0.9140625, -1.96875, 0.88671875, -1.5859375, -1.8984375, 1.5859375, 0.26171875, 0.134765625, -0.201171875, 1.1953125, 3.890625, 2.0625, 0.46484375, -0.06103515625, 2.421875, 1.8984375, -0.40234375, -0.98046875, -0.318359375, 0.0380859375, -2.84375, 0.78515625, 1.578125, -1.0546875, 0.8828125, 1.78125, -0.59375, -0.49609375, 0.8046875, -0.7890625, 1.1875, -0.423828125, -0.3359375, -0.25, -0.11572265625, -1.046875, 0.2333984375, 1.2109375, 1.9609375, 0.8515625, -0.427734375, -0.193359375, 2.40625, -0.412109375, -2.234375, -0.486328125, 0.392578125, -1.2265625, 2.671875, -0.0576171875, 0.328125, 0.142578125, -0.7265625, 2.21875, -1.03125, 0.1943359375, -0.0306396484375, -1.265625, -0.373046875, 1.0234375, -0.484375, 0.8515625, 0.8046875, -1.875, -1.0546875, -1.921875, -1.6796875, 2.375, -0.57421875, 1.75, 2.671875, 0.73828125, 0.228515625, 1.421875, 0.283203125, -0.5, -1.203125, -0.82421875, -0.5390625, -1.3203125, -0.98046875, -0.419921875, -0.271484375, -1.2578125, -0.126953125, 1.953125, 0.4375, 0.1484375, 1.1953125, -1.0390625, -0.34765625, -0.23828125, -0.330078125, 0.8515625, -0.6171875, -1.6171875, 0.56640625, 0.734375, -0.98828125, 1.0078125, -1.734375, -1.1875, -1.265625, -2.5, -2.21875, -0.1904296875, -1.890625, 1.359375, 0.345703125, 0.045166015625, 0.265625, 0.4375, 1.265625, -0.5546875, 0.5859375, 1.71875, 0.8203125, -0.314453125, 0.267578125, -0.6875, 0.67578125, -1.71875, -0.216796875, -0.72265625, -0.70703125, 0.58984375, -1.4296875, -1.6875, -1.078125, 0.427734375, -0.1923828125, 1.515625, -0.0869140625, 2.203125, -0.345703125, 0.265625, 1.4296875, 0.60546875, 0.1904296875, 0.890625, 0.412109375, -1.65625, 0.671875, -0.498046875, 0.640625, -0.11328125, 1.421875, 1.7890625, -2.296875, -0.44921875, -1.6484375, -0.00323486328125, 2.265625, -1.1015625, 0.90625, -2.109375, -2.953125, -0.279296875, 0.443359375, 0.6796875, 0.609375, -0.8828125, 3.234375, 1.0625, 0.34375, -1.4140625, 2.3125, 0.875, 0.53515625, 0.78515625, 2.8125, -1.28125, 1.5390625, -1.359375, 1.171875, 0.1083984375, 1.65625, -0.50390625, -1.6171875, -1.0703125, -0.8359375, 0.255859375, 0.4296875, 0.009033203125, -2.234375, -0.2392578125, -0.9765625, -1.640625, -2.078125, 0.6484375, 0.78515625, -0.8359375, -0.69921875, 1.75, -0.072265625, 0.53125, -0.01171875, -0.5, 1.5625, -0.49609375, 1.3203125, 0.251953125, -1.359375, -1.671875, 1.40625, 2.5, 0.478515625, -1.3671875, -0.0223388671875, -0.39453125, -1.0859375, 0.4296875, 0.61328125, -1.171875, 0.6875, -0.259765625, 0.384765625, 0.193359375, 0.39453125, 0.98046875, -0.9296875, 0.0791015625, -0.671875, 0.28515625, 1.25, 1.96875, -1.21875, 1.46875, -0.70703125, 0.8359375, 0.79296875, 2.28125, -1.03125, -0.890625, 0.126953125, -1.046875, 1.1015625, 0.90625, -0.9765625, -0.5234375, 0.91796875, -0.55078125, -0.330078125, -2.25, 0.5859375, -0.140625, 0.91015625, 1.1796875, 0.52734375, 0.2138671875, 0.87890625, 1.0546875, 0.21875, 0.1689453125, 0.56640625, -1.2890625, 0.60546875, -0.1552734375, 0.8046875, -0.24609375, 0.6640625, 0.65625, -0.53515625, 1.421875, -0.77734375, -1.21875, -0.29296875, -0.498046875, -0.3828125, 0.6484375, -1.71875, -0.75, 0.78125, -0.5078125, -1.0234375, 2.78125, -0.12451171875, 2.859375, -1.6484375, -0.298828125, -0.64453125, -0.014892578125, -0.049560546875, -2.34375, 0.412109375, 0.1708984375, -1.3515625, 1.0078125, 1.796875, 0.435546875, 0.4609375, 0.56640625, 0.34375, -1.375, 1.3359375, -1.9296875, 2.046875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1531811709
Wetland management to reduce Baltic Sea eutrophication
Seven regions with coastal eutrophication problems in the Baltic Sea, including the Kattegat, constitute the BERNET project (Baltic Eutrophication Regional Network). To counteract eutrophication and associated severe biological conditions the countries around this large brackish water body must all cooperate. The regions are characterized by large differences in land use, e.g. agricultural intensity, and losses of retention capacity in the catchments due to wetland reclamation. Initially it has been necessary to identify nutrient sources--especially nitrogen--and technical, economical and even administrative obstacles to initiate eutrophication management measures. Nitrogen retention in different types of wetlands in the Baltic Sea Region has been analysed. The wetlands generally have a positive effect on reduced nitrogen transport to aquatic environments and it is generally accepted that measures leading to decreased losses of nutrients to the aquatic environment must be combined with measures leading to increased retention of nutrients in catchments. Data analysed in the BERNET project show that the potential for such a measure is large. Therefore, conservation and restoration initiatives for wetlands is an essential part of the work in the BERNET project. Wetlands have been drained or totally eliminated due to intensive agriculture in some regions while large scale rehabilitation of wetlands occurs in regions with less intensive agriculture. Based on land use data from the seven regions, the working group for wetland management within the BERNET project has identified the possible use of wetlands as building blocks as a contribution to the management of the Baltic Sea eutrophication. Several recommendations are presented on the wise use of existing and constructed wetlands for water quality management in relation to non-point nutrient pollution.
[ -0.85546875, 1.8359375, 0.7890625, 0.02001953125, 0.1962890625, 0.06591796875, -0.6796875, 1.296875, 0.4609375, -0.91015625, -0.275390625, 1.2265625, 1.046875, -0.76953125, 0.55078125, 1.3984375, 0.10791015625, -1.578125, -1.2890625, 1.4296875, -0.51953125, 0.166015625, -1.40625, 0.2001953125, 0.2216796875, 0.5234375, 0.0255126953125, 0.205078125, -0.373046875, 2.0625, -0.2734375, 0.48046875, -2.4375, -0.1142578125, 0.189453125, 1.4765625, 0.92578125, 0.1806640625, -0.2890625, -0.46484375, 2.953125, 1.6328125, 1.359375, -0.47265625, 0.625, -0.19140625, 0.09375, -0.93359375, -0.90625, -2.15625, 0.51953125, -0.330078125, 0.55078125, -0.365234375, -1.140625, 0.61328125, -1.5546875, -0.69140625, 1.4765625, 0.47265625, -0.34375, -1.4140625, -0.56640625, 0.11962890625, 0.21875, -0.88671875, 0.50390625, 1.1171875, -0.003204345703125, -0.29296875, 1.015625, 0.1279296875, -0.71875, 0.057373046875, 0.2158203125, 0.484375, 1.8984375, -0.1640625, 0.96875, 0.6171875, 0.072265625, 0.78515625, -0.90234375, -0.053466796875, -0.48046875, -1.171875, 0.3046875, 1.4765625, -0.0081787109375, 0.5390625, -1.0078125, -0.302734375, -1.1328125, -0.267578125, 0.1494140625, 0.70703125, -1.25, -0.6328125, -2.015625, 2, 0.279296875, -0.201171875, -0.33203125, -0.8984375, -0.091796875, 0.8046875, -0.447265625, 0.234375, -1.4921875, 1.4375, -0.11279296875, 0.265625, 0.82421875, 0.341796875, 1.3125, -0.052978515625, 0.6171875, -0.546875, 0.54296875, 0.06884765625, 0.67578125, -0.166015625, 1.5859375, -0.0537109375, 2.40625, 0.90625, -1.1796875, 0.2138671875, 0.8515625, -1.96875, -0.28515625, 0.6328125, 0.64453125, 1.703125, -0.5234375, -0.068359375, 1.71875, -0.4140625, 1.265625, 1.1796875, -0.75, 1.296875, -1.4140625, -0.166015625, -1.3984375, -0.5390625, 2.578125, 0.66015625, -0.1357421875, 1.5, -0.84375, -1.078125, -0.17578125, 1.8828125, 1.0078125, -0.396484375, -0.21484375, 1.9609375, -0.984375, -1.1953125, 0.412109375, -0.953125, 0.177734375, -0.37109375, -0.5703125, 0.15625, -0.63671875, -0.357421875, -0.66796875, 0.166015625, -0.71484375, -0.78515625, -0.1484375, 0.494140625, 0.54296875, -0.2421875, -0.7578125, 1.015625, 0.55078125, -0.396484375, 0.09228515625, -0.0228271484375, -0.376953125, 0.6796875, 2.640625, 0.65234375, -0.7578125, 1.1171875, -0.306640625, 0.126953125, 1.0390625, -1.96875, -0.65234375, 0.9140625, 0.45703125, -1.546875, 0.0260009765625, 0.73046875, 0.1328125, 0.50390625, -1.546875, 0.67578125, -0.447265625, -0.48828125, 0.0281982421875, -1.0859375, 0.55078125, 0.01519775390625, 1.03125, 1.234375, -0.9765625, -1.15625, 0.0673828125, -0.96484375, 0.25, 0.0174560546875, 0.01043701171875, 0.75390625, -0.271484375, -0.69921875, 0.6640625, -0.48046875, -0.82421875, 0.90234375, -0.4453125, 0.1279296875, 0.140625, 1.2109375, 0.6484375, 0.07470703125, 0.859375, -0.71484375, 0.451171875, 0.341796875, -0.4609375, 1.1875, -0.376953125, -0.283203125, 0.224609375, -0.328125, 1.140625, 1.65625, -0.404296875, 1.015625, 1.6328125, -0.337890625, 0.58984375, -0.08203125, -0.6953125, 0.87890625, 0.3671875, -0.6484375, -0.62109375, 0.173828125, -1.6640625, -0.84765625, 0.048095703125, 1.1875, 1.5078125, -1.4609375, 0.5078125, 0.2890625, 0.1640625, 0.9375, -0.173828125, -1.6015625, 0.333984375, 0.314453125, 0.69921875, 0.578125, 1.0390625, -1.796875, -0.10693359375, 1.2265625, 1.390625, -0.2158203125, -0.53515625, -0.86328125, -0.6015625, -0.435546875, -0.00555419921875, -1.890625, -0.1162109375, -0.53125, 2.09375, 0.953125, -0.349609375, 1.1328125, -0.061767578125, 0.66015625, 0.5078125, -0.10498046875, 0.365234375, -0.33203125, -1.171875, 0.0654296875, -1.1484375, 1.953125, 0.73828125, 1.0078125, 0.373046875, 0.345703125, -0.9921875, -1.6328125, 1.3359375, -2.296875, -0.85546875, 0.3203125, 0.6875, -0.162109375, -0.66796875, 1.40625, -0.9140625, 1.5625, 1.28125, 0.00177764892578125, -0.74609375, -1.1328125, -0.09033203125, -0.2177734375, 1.5234375, 1.171875, -0.275390625, 0.578125, -0.94140625, -1.1015625, -0.02587890625, -0.38671875, -1.03125, -0.609375, -1.2109375, 1.390625, 1.2578125, 0.103515625, -1.75, 0.70703125, -0.045166015625, -0.734375, 1.890625, 0.2158203125, -0.2080078125, -1.921875, -0.051513671875, -0.6796875, -0.294921875, -1.078125, -0.146484375, -0.427734375, 0.953125, -2.9375, 0.0703125, -0.236328125, 0.94921875, -1.703125, -0.0238037109375, 0.59375, 0.4609375, -1.1015625, -0.59765625, 0.3984375, 1.0234375, 1.453125, -1.4453125, 1.703125, 1.328125, -0.23828125, -0.765625, -1.140625, -0.453125, 0.50390625, 1.71875, -0.9453125, 0.0810546875, 0.55078125, 0.455078125, -0.49609375, -0.9375, -1.2734375, 0.32421875, 1.8359375, -0.4140625, 2.03125, -0.796875, 0.75390625, 1, 1.4609375, -0.08740234375, -0.1328125, -0.54296875, 1.4765625, -0.2158203125, 0.103515625, -1.21875, -0.29296875, -0.498046875, 0.546875, 0.62109375, -0.74609375, 0.1328125, -1.3671875, -0.61328125, 0.82421875, -0.357421875, -0.1630859375, -0.8125, 0.60546875, -1.6875, -0.35546875, -0.111328125, 0.328125, -1.015625, 1.28125, -0.69140625, 0.97265625, 0.197265625, -1.0390625, 0.41796875, -0.138671875, -0.71875, -0.78515625, -0.59375, 1.046875, -0.376953125, -0.55859375, -0.5, -0.8359375, -1.265625, 1.9609375, -1.4375, -0.27734375, 0.283203125, 0.875, -0.095703125, 0.306640625, -0.09716796875, 0.427734375, 0.201171875, -0.97265625, -1.671875, 0.81640625, 0.79296875, 0.09765625, -0.482421875, -1.1015625, 2.265625, -0.609375, 0.37109375, 0.53125, 0.140625, -0.158203125, -0.5703125, -0.859375, -0.150390625, -1.6875, -0.296875, -1.1875, -0.34765625, 0.6953125, -1.1875, 0.310546875, 0.62890625, 0.7109375, 0.1416015625, -0.2314453125, -0.39453125, -1.390625, -0.73046875, -0.0458984375, -0.388671875, 1.8046875, -0.7734375, 0.56640625, 0.265625, -0.75390625, -0.10302734375, 0.5625, -0.28515625, 0.18359375, -0.86328125, 1.125, 0.419921875, 0.5546875, 0.9453125, 1.0703125, 1.265625, 1.3203125, 0.6171875, 0.875, 2.0625, -0.98046875, 0.2412109375, -1.1015625, -0.419921875, -1.5859375, 1.171875, -0.71484375, 0.11083984375, 0.49609375, -0.9609375, 0.5546875, -0.60546875, -0.4921875, -0.74609375, -0.67578125, 1.234375, 0.046142578125, -0.1845703125, -1.0390625, -1.1796875, -0.12255859375, -0.0269775390625, 0.9375, -0.361328125, -0.244140625, 1.203125, 0.77734375, 0.6640625, -0.86328125, -0.482421875, -0.11865234375, 1.6328125, 0.6953125, 0.55078125, -0.7734375, 2.15625, -0.75390625, 2, 0.1142578125, 0.62109375, -1.6640625, -1.046875, -2.0625, 0.875, 0.9140625, -0.05615234375, -1.25, 0.8125, -1.359375, -0.1025390625, 1.34375, 0.1611328125, 0.02880859375, 0.498046875, -0.130859375, -0.66796875, -0.0810546875, -0.396484375, 2.359375, 0.1611328125, -1.2578125, -0.62109375, 0.314453125, 1.75, 0.50390625, -0.49609375, 1.3359375, -1.046875, -0.1240234375, -0.32421875, -1.2265625, -0.57421875, -1.421875, 0.380859375, 0.93359375, -0.294921875, 0.62890625, -0.734375, -0.1982421875, 1.6953125, -0.765625, -1.3046875, -0.451171875, -0.024169921875, 0.240234375, 0.71484375, -0.91796875, -0.72265625, -0.69921875, -0.341796875, -0.8984375, -0.150390625, 0.05810546875, -0.072265625, 0.11669921875, -0.296875, 0.71875, 0.5859375, 0.734375, 0.01458740234375, 0.212890625, -1.875, 0.396484375, 0.1337890625, 0.00933837890625, 1.3046875, 1.5546875, 1.2421875, 1.2421875, -1.203125, -0.248046875, 0.034423828125, 0.8828125, 0.8203125, -0.34375, -0.1328125, -1.21875, 0.123046875, 0.050048828125, -0.255859375, -1.0078125, -0.1142578125, -0.75, 1.6484375, -1.765625, 0.7421875, -0.97265625, 1.0546875, -1.3828125, 0.71875, 0.02294921875, -0.08642578125, 0.32421875, 0.953125, 1.7421875, 2.4375, -0.69140625, -0.984375, -1.75, 0.8125, 1.359375, -1.6796875, 0.7578125, 0.0247802734375, -0.83203125, 0.380859375, -0.6015625, -0.8515625, 1.859375, 0.36328125, 0.1787109375, 0.248046875, -0.07958984375, -1.0859375, -0.71875, -1.4296875, 1.1953125, -0.2314453125, -0.451171875, -0.1494140625, 2.09375, -1.484375, 1.0390625, 0.33203125, -0.99609375, -0.5859375, 0.8046875, -2.265625, -0.55859375, 0.296875, -0.2197265625, 1.25, 1.5703125, -0.59765625, -0.494140625, 0.80078125, 0.5546875, -0.447265625, -0.2080078125, -0.515625, 0.7265625, -0.75, 0.91796875, -0.90234375, 0.53125, -0.2138671875, 0.306640625, -0.671875, 1.3203125, 0.58203125, -0.9375, 0.1396484375, -0.8359375, 0.3671875, -0.6171875, -0.322265625, -0.03173828125, -0.8125, -0.13671875, -0.61328125, 0.0869140625, -0.49609375, -0.228515625, 1.484375, 0.1455078125, 1.9375, 0.314453125, 0.419921875, 0.88671875, 0.81640625, -0.5078125, 0.0106201171875, -0.396484375, -0.828125, 0.7109375, -1.625, -0.625, -0.220703125, 0.6484375, 0.1103515625, -2.015625, -0.1669921875, -0.42578125, 0.26171875, -0.0595703125, 1.8671875, -0.0830078125, -0.0791015625, -0.79296875, 0.11572265625, -0.056396484375, 0.72265625, -0.185546875, 0.140625, -0.0185546875, -1.125, -1.34375, -0.78125, 0.671875, -1.1328125, -0.2294921875, -0.359375, -1.109375, 1.2265625, -1.2109375, 0.30078125, 0.921875, 0.2392578125, 1.65625, 0.92578125, 1.890625, -0.44140625, 1.3828125, 0.95703125, -0.64453125, 0.72265625, -0.1552734375, -0.045654296875, -0.77734375, -0.51171875, -0.17578125, 1.046875, -0.26171875, -2.4375, 0.75, -0.1708984375, -1.28125, -1.171875, 0.10302734375, -1.4453125, -2.984375, 1.0546875, 0.609375, -0.2314453125, -0.248046875, 1.390625, 0.41796875, 1.1171875, -1.2421875, -1.5625, 0.84765625, -1.34375, 0.82421875, -0.061767578125, 1.03125, -1.5, 1.0234375, -1.0390625, -0.8515625, 0.875, -1.2265625, -1.1796875, -0.5234375, 0.201171875, 1.0703125, -0.490234375, 0.337890625, -0.019775390625, -0.68359375, -0.640625, -1.1640625, -1.1015625, 1.0546875, 0.59765625, 0.671875, 0.75, -0.61328125, 0.89453125, 2, -1.890625, -0.46484375, 1.5546875, -1.0703125, 0.2392578125, 0.796875, -0.388671875, 0.275390625, -0.7421875, 0.224609375, -0.83984375, 0.447265625, 1.3671875, -0.12890625, 0.8828125, -0.51953125, -0.67578125, -0.75, 0.828125, 0.76171875, -0.458984375, 1.0390625, -1.5, 0.59375, -0.2177734375, 0.08251953125, -0.318359375, 0.1064453125, -1.1953125, -0.76171875, -0.54296875, 0.68359375, -0.9921875, -0.98828125, -0.65234375, -0.15234375, 0.859375, -0.7578125, -0.6015625, -0.0106201171875, -1.515625, 2.34375, 0.349609375, 1.0078125, 2.5, -1.1875, -1.6875, 0.353515625, -1.234375, 0.85546875, -0.51953125, -1.984375, 1.3046875, -0.6875, -0.1728515625, -1.078125, 0.68359375, -0.8203125, 0.87109375, -0.8984375, 1.0234375, -0.3125, 0.94140625, 0.6640625, 1.4453125, 1.8125, 0.90625, -1.328125, -0.80859375, -1.1171875, 0.55078125, 1.5234375, -0.6328125, 0.9375, -0.162109375, 2.828125, 0.06884765625, 0.3515625, -0.54296875, -1.0390625, 0.1650390625, 1.609375, -1.3828125, -0.48046875, -0.98828125, 0.6171875, 0.9140625, -0.75, -0.53515625, 0.291015625, -0.1650390625, 0.390625, 0.330078125, -0.671875, -1.609375, -1.3125, -0.1689453125, 0.8984375, 0.70703125, 1.328125, -0.255859375, -0.49609375, -0.25390625, -1.3125, 0.359375, 1.4375, 0.008544921875, -0.58203125, -2.796875, -0.412109375, 0.263671875, 0.65625, -2.140625, -1.71875, 0.1494140625, -0.66796875, 0.796875, -0.047119140625, -0.41796875, -0.0927734375, 0.3203125, 0.7109375, 0.44921875, 1.3515625, -1.7890625, 0.20703125, -0.6796875, -0.21484375, -0.89453125, 0.251953125, -0.2314453125, -1.71875, -0.6640625, -0.5546875, 0.2578125, 0.10302734375, -0.64453125, -1.0234375, 2.0625, 0.9296875, 0.396484375, -1.953125, 1.40625, 0.98828125, 0.15625, 0.97265625, 0.298828125, 1.21875, -0.054931640625, -2.15625, -1.0078125, 0.41796875, -0.2890625, 1.1796875, 1.8046875, 0.41796875, 1.171875, -0.30859375, -0.4140625, 1.3359375, 0.462890625, -1.3984375, -0.9140625, -0.333984375, -1.4140625, -0.455078125, 1.1875, -0.96875, -1.546875, 1.3359375, 0.3046875, -0.087890625, -1.0546875, -0.1123046875, -0.251953125, 0.361328125, 0.384765625, 1.421875, 0.32421875, 0.1767578125, 1.5078125, 0.296875, 0.82421875, 1.0078125, 2.046875, 0.83203125, 1.9453125, 1.1015625, 1.9296875, 1.421875, 1.6171875, 0.314453125, -0.69921875, -1.5078125, -0.68359375, -1.453125, -0.546875, -0.27734375, 0.236328125, -1.15625, -0.392578125, -0.765625, -1.4296875, -1.40625, 0.9375, 0.90234375, 2, 0.142578125, 0.73828125, 0.2041015625, 1.359375, -0.09765625, -2.140625, 0.408203125, 0.287109375, -0.6640625, 1.109375, 0.236328125, 2, 0.240234375, 0.423828125, -0.0079345703125, -0.08349609375, -1.6796875, 0.19140625, 1.75 ]
https://openalex.org/W1531812931
Uniform equivalence of symbolic and adic topologies
Let $(R,m)$ be a local ring. We study the question of when there exists a positive integer $h$ such that for all prime ideals $P\subseteq R$, the symbolic power $P^{(hn)}$ is contained in $P^n$, for all $n\geq1$. We show that such an $h$ exists when $R$ is a reduced isolated singularity such that $R$ either contains a field of positive characteristic and $R$ is $F$-finite or $R$ is essentially of finite type over a field of characteristic zero.
[ -0.83203125, 1.2421875, 1.5390625, -0.796875, 0.111328125, -0.07568359375, -1.5703125, 1.609375, 0.7109375, 0.220703125, -0.051025390625, 0.765625, 1.3515625, -0.375, -0.045166015625, -1.4296875, -0.470703125, -2.34375, -0.71484375, -0.27734375, -0.6484375, -0.50390625, -1.71875, -0.45703125, 0.283203125, 0.96875, -1.515625, -1.875, 1.03125, 1.59375, 0.9375, 0.5390625, -1.015625, 0.080078125, 0.029296875, 0.1591796875, -1, 1.4296875, 0.146484375, 0.671875, 0.625, 0.63671875, 1.9921875, -0.53515625, 0.62890625, -0.50390625, -0.8203125, 0.5, -0.251953125, 0.91796875, -0.9921875, 0.384765625, 0.2314453125, 0.796875, 0.2021484375, -0.921875, -0.2041015625, 0.53125, 0.73828125, 0.486328125, 0.6640625, -2.265625, 0.51171875, 0.349609375, -2.578125, 0.67578125, 0.7421875, 0.359375, 0.421875, 0.341796875, 1.953125, -0.41796875, -0.1708984375, -0.5390625, -0.423828125, -0.357421875, -0.78515625, 0.193359375, 0.2451171875, 0.1435546875, 1.5, -0.6875, 0.8828125, -0.5546875, -2.40625, 2.34375, 0.296875, 2.171875, 0.158203125, -0.263671875, 2.03125, -0.4765625, -0.061279296875, -0.87890625, -1.15625, -0.625, 1.7265625, -0.291015625, -0.89453125, 0.032470703125, -1.0859375, 0.11865234375, -0.54296875, 0.1728515625, 0.5078125, 0.67578125, -0.39453125, -1.5546875, -0.205078125, 0.1611328125, -0.72265625, -1.1484375, 1.8203125, 1.09375, 0.83203125, 0.036865234375, 1.859375, 1.34375, 0.08203125, 0.125, -1.40625, -2.0625, -0.1142578125, 1.09375, 0.25390625, -0.62109375, -0.82421875, 0.74609375, -0.22265625, -0.158203125, 0.65234375, -0.1923828125, 0.77734375, 0.6796875, 0.72265625, -0.30859375, -0.169921875, 1.6640625, 1.71875, 0.62890625, -0.5, 0.5703125, -0.84375, -0.45703125, -0.34765625, -0.0106201171875, 1.0625, -0.27734375, 0.671875, 1.34375, -0.060302734375, -0.64453125, -1.609375, 0.90234375, 0.70703125, -1.1328125, -0.50390625, 2.3125, 0.95703125, 0.3828125, 0.7421875, -1.140625, 1.2265625, -2.515625, 0.1806640625, -1.4921875, -0.93359375, -0.140625, -0.462890625, -0.455078125, -0.083984375, 1.453125, -0.00994873046875, 0.59765625, 1.3203125, -1.25, -2.09375, 0.98046875, 0.4140625, -0.77734375, 0.6484375, 0.177734375, -0.267578125, -0.15625, 0.83203125, 1.4765625, -1.5078125, 1.2109375, -1.765625, 0.765625, 0.578125, -1.1015625, -0.7265625, 1.84375, 1.0703125, 0.41015625, -1.1015625, 0.64453125, 0.203125, -1.875, -1.234375, -0.12158203125, 0.625, -0.87109375, 1.53125, -0.765625, 0.80859375, 2.71875, 0.53515625, 2.53125, -0.4140625, -1.8515625, -0.470703125, -0.6875, -0.59375, -1.2578125, -2.046875, 2.171875, 0.244140625, -2.1875, 1.0078125, 0.8359375, 0.0262451171875, -0.0751953125, 1.2890625, 0.1298828125, -0.65625, 2, -1.828125, 1.5625, 0.25, -1.09375, 0.10888671875, -1.515625, -0.400390625, 0.6875, 0.60546875, 1.8984375, 1.8125, 0.48828125, 1.421875, -2.234375, -0.59765625, 0.80859375, 1, 0.80078125, -0.037109375, -1.28125, -0.4296875, 0.79296875, 1.8125, 0.06689453125, -1.1875, -0.9609375, -0.10302734375, -2.453125, -0.1318359375, 0.08447265625, 1.546875, -0.08740234375, -0.3984375, 0.10693359375, 1.09375, -0.58984375, -0.400390625, -1.3125, -1.09375, 0.7734375, -0.01904296875, -0.30078125, -0.9140625, -0.73046875, 1, 1.4140625, -0.85546875, 0.4140625, -0.173828125, -2.046875, -0.58203125, 0.5, -1.0859375, -0.0034942626953125, 0.14453125, -0.43359375, 0.279296875, 1.5546875, 0.9453125, 0.1787109375, -0.1865234375, -2.453125, 1.28125, -0.58984375, -2.171875, -0.546875, 0.11767578125, -0.37890625, 0.79296875, 2.6875, 0.1962890625, -0.87109375, -0.46484375, 0.2431640625, -1.671875, -1.109375, -0.251953125, -1.0078125, -2.171875, -1.234375, 0.58984375, 2.296875, -0.2216796875, 0.482421875, -1.203125, 1.375, 0.5859375, 1.4609375, 1.5234375, -0.8984375, -0.77734375, -0.703125, 1.0078125, 0.140625, -1.4609375, -0.9765625, -0.78515625, -0.2109375, 0.97265625, -0.11279296875, -1.0390625, -0.48046875, -1.859375, 0.033203125, -0.0830078125, 0.240234375, -0.30078125, 1.4140625, -1.21875, 0.07958984375, -0.14453125, 1.140625, 0.953125, -2.65625, -1.203125, -0.87890625, 0.83984375, -1.109375, 1.21875, 1.15625, -0.87890625, -2.0625, -0.74609375, -0.23828125, 0.71875, 0.365234375, 0.4609375, 0.490234375, 0.90625, -0.76171875, -1.359375, -0.267578125, 0.482421875, 1.0625, -3.40625, 0.0869140625, 0.421875, 0.55859375, 1.359375, 0.71875, 0.06787109375, -1.171875, 1.0078125, -0.94140625, -0.72265625, -0.70703125, -0.2392578125, 1.3828125, -2.328125, -0.97265625, -0.6796875, -0.1787109375, -1.859375, 0.07080078125, -0.2421875, 0.306640625, 0.9375, 0.388671875, -0.294921875, 0.1611328125, -0.703125, 3.015625, 0.2314453125, -0.462890625, -1.328125, -0.9375, -0.6484375, 0.353515625, 0.66796875, -1.09375, -0.30078125, -1.875, -0.2119140625, 0.0123291015625, 1.390625, -0.17578125, -0.6953125, -0.314453125, -2.71875, -1.359375, -0.1103515625, 0.423828125, -0.056396484375, 0.0625, -0.6484375, 0.361328125, 0.2001953125, -0.265625, 0.65625, 1.4765625, 1.359375, -0.55859375, 0.283203125, 1.8828125, 0.5078125, -1.2734375, -0.99609375, 1.6875, -0.24609375, 1.21875, 1.359375, -0.345703125, -0.9921875, 2.015625, -0.671875, -0.35546875, 0.1669921875, -1, 1.609375, -0.17578125, -0.380859375, -0.462890625, -0.3125, -0.361328125, -1.625, -1.6171875, 2.59375, 0.466796875, -0.255859375, -1.3515625, 1.25, 0.484375, 0.9609375, -0.97265625, -0.9921875, -1.2109375, 1.0859375, 0.72265625, -1.5078125, 0.58984375, -0.25390625, -0.1806640625, -0.8203125, 0.74609375, -0.875, -0.77734375, 1.5390625, -0.609375, -0.1669921875, 0.86328125, 0.0458984375, 1.1015625, 2.109375, 2.796875, -0.875, 0.427734375, -0.71484375, -0.030029296875, 1.5234375, -0.005706787109375, 0.057861328125, 0.96875, 1.3671875, 0.78125, -1.8984375, 1.8515625, -0.3515625, -1.625, -0.1025390625, -1.5703125, 0.80859375, -0.0810546875, -0.1689453125, 0.03515625, -0.73828125, -0.2197265625, -0.392578125, -0.365234375, -0.0576171875, 0.357421875, -0.625, 0.447265625, 0.2216796875, -0.51171875, -2.265625, 1.3984375, 0.2001953125, 1.578125, -1.53125, -1.6328125, -1.046875, -0.388671875, -0.365234375, 1.78125, -1.609375, -2.09375, 1.0234375, 0.484375, 1.640625, 1.8828125, 0.0615234375, -0.94921875, 0.2734375, 0.1884765625, 0.5859375, -1.1484375, 0.357421875, -2.546875, 1.28125, 0.4140625, 0.23046875, -2.109375, 0.7578125, -0.65234375, 0.462890625, 0.27734375, -0.3046875, 0.050537109375, -0.89453125, -0.96875, 2.953125, -1.53125, -1.6171875, 0.1494140625, -0.1494140625, -1.1796875, 1.625, -0.408203125, 0.5, 2.71875, -1.0078125, 0.609375, -1.9609375, 0.2412109375, -0.9375, -1.2109375, -0.09228515625, 1.5078125, -0.05615234375, -0.63671875, 0.7421875, 0.2890625, 0.1376953125, -0.9921875, -2.015625, 2.90625, 0.423828125, -0.40234375, -1.671875, -1.125, 0.01544189453125, -0.330078125, -0.498046875, 0.7265625, 0.30859375, -0.67578125, 2.65625, -1.578125, -0.162109375, -0.466796875, -1.1953125, 0.51171875, 0.875, 1.3984375, 1.7109375, -0.427734375, 1.1171875, 0.384765625, -0.9375, 1.515625, 1.171875, 0.1064453125, 0.138671875, -0.62890625, 1.21875, -1.203125, 1.65625, 1.15625, 1.5234375, 1.15625, 1.7578125, -0.10107421875, -0.6328125, 1.7421875, -0.984375, 0.1640625, 1.2109375, 0.333984375, 0.36328125, -0.3125, -0.05078125, -0.369140625, -1.1171875, -0.181640625, -1.125, -0.484375, 0.453125, -1.6484375, 0.7890625, -1.3203125, -0.6875, -1.34375, -1.53125, 0.2294921875, 1.546875, 1.890625, 1.109375, -1.3515625, -0.11083984375, -2.078125, 0.1748046875, 1.3984375, 0.052001953125, 0.13671875, -0.138671875, -0.1474609375, 0.59765625, 0.2158203125, -1.4140625, 0.275390625, 0.515625, 2.859375, 0.09912109375, -0.04833984375, 0.28515625, -0.06640625, -0.71875, 1.234375, -1.515625, 0.482421875, -1.1953125, 2.78125, -0.61328125, 0.609375, 1.28125, -0.578125, -0.302734375, 1.03125, -1.3984375, -0.5546875, -0.025390625, -1.1953125, -0.1865234375, 0.302734375, -3.09375, -1.1640625, 0.1875, 0.87109375, -0.609375, 1.703125, 0.984375, -0.9609375, -1.546875, -1.1875, -0.00102996826171875, 0.78515625, 0.283203125, 0.5234375, -1.046875, 1.609375, -2.734375, 0.609375, -0.0177001953125, 0.89453125, -0.74609375, 0.62890625, 0.32421875, -2.390625, 1.484375, 0.05810546875, 0.318359375, 2.140625, -0.875, 0.578125, 0.244140625, 0.89453125, 1.5, -0.28515625, -0.62890625, -1.5546875, 0.6875, -0.97265625, -0.018310546875, 1.140625, -0.51171875, 0.5625, 1.5546875, -0.1826171875, 0.640625, 0.61328125, -1.46875, 0.83203125, -0.267578125, -0.259765625, -0.010986328125, 1.46875, 1.546875, 0.408203125, 0.8359375, -0.97265625, -2.015625, -0.1259765625, 0.296875, 0.6328125, -0.83203125, -0.4765625, -0.1455078125, -0.984375, -0.578125, 0.326171875, -1.5625, 0.921875, -0.33203125, -0.91796875, 0.373046875, 0.55078125, 0.87890625, -0.62109375, -0.44140625, 0.55859375, 1.7265625, 0.65234375, -1.109375, 0.9609375, 1.3046875, -0.296875, 0.82421875, 0.72265625, -0.7421875, -1.8125, 1.1796875, -1.6171875, -0.2890625, -0.546875, 0.115234375, 0.2734375, -0.67578125, 1.328125, 0.298828125, -0.306640625, -1.453125, -0.8828125, 1, 0.67578125, -1.3203125, 0.70703125, 1.625, 1.1015625, 0.091796875, -1.5, -0.55078125, 0.58203125, -1.375, -1.2109375, 0.34765625, -0.75, 0.20703125, 1.9140625, 1.125, 1.15625, -0.36328125, -1.484375, -0.8828125, 0.48046875, -0.423828125, 0.8515625, -0.263671875, 2.140625, 0.7109375, 0.62890625, 0.451171875, -0.34765625, -0.96875, -1.921875, -0.30859375, -0.9296875, -0.796875, -0.07861328125, 1.5859375, 0.265625, -0.52734375, -1.171875, 1.6953125, 0.375, -1, 0.0252685546875, -0.81640625, 0.181640625, 0.92578125, 0.34375, -0.390625, 1.296875, -0.462890625, -1.875, 1.46875, 0.439453125, 1.765625, -1.0390625, -0.5859375, 0.8046875, 1.1015625, 1.5, -1.7421875, -1.828125, -0.33984375, 1.125, -0.1484375, -0.34765625, 1.4921875, -1.2421875, -1.7421875, 0.66015625, -1.5546875, -2.390625, -0.9453125, -0.44140625, -0.5, -0.26171875, 0.0208740234375, 1.65625, -1.0625, 0.72265625, 0.216796875, -0.154296875, 1.75, 1.3046875, -2.046875, -1.1953125, 0.283203125, -0.5, -0.173828125, 0.0179443359375, -0.46484375, 0.28515625, -0.66796875, -1.8046875, -0.7109375, -0.73046875, 0.375, 0.77734375, 2.984375, 0.306640625, 2.828125, 1.234375, 0.040283203125, 2.28125, -0.08935546875, -0.1513671875, 0.65234375, -1.53125, 0.7734375, 0.74609375, -1.8671875, -0.380859375, -1.09375, 2.09375, -0.5234375, -0.248046875, -0.65625, -1.640625, 0.287109375, 0.99609375, -0.054443359375, -0.208984375, 0.1845703125, -0.9140625, -0.8359375, -0.1787109375, 1.5625, -1.5234375, -2.40625, 0.578125, 1.6796875, -0.9765625, -0.8359375, 0.91796875, 1.1484375, 2.484375, -0.953125, 0.1923828125, -0.6328125, -0.4453125, 1.375, 0.5, 0.328125, 1.6328125, -0.404296875, 0.1787109375, 0.17578125, 0.7109375, 0.287109375, 0.038330078125, -0.55859375, 0.4609375, -0.1875, 0.0625, 0.14453125, -1.0703125, 0.96484375, -1.859375, 1.6015625, -0.1240234375, 1.7734375, -1.2421875, -1.484375, 0.4921875, 0.62890625, 1.6875, -1.296875, -0.435546875, -0.28125, 0.400390625, -1.890625, 0.310546875, 1.2578125, -0.59375, -2.234375, -1.25, 0.142578125, 2.140625, 2.984375, 0.33203125, 2, -0.408203125, 0.294921875, -0.6640625, -1.140625, 2.125, 0.1865234375, -1.2109375, 0.42578125, -1.1640625, 0.06005859375, 1.15625, 0.59765625, -1.09375, 1.265625, -0.8828125, -1.3203125, 1.75, 1.4140625, 0.07568359375, 0.69921875, 2.609375, 0.0166015625, 0.94921875, 0.8984375, -0.1533203125, -0.6953125, 1.9921875, 0.478515625, 0.546875, 0.038818359375, 0.08984375, -2.53125, 0.49609375, -0.478515625, -0.033447265625, -0.5078125, 2.625, -0.2734375, 0.357421875, 1.2578125, 0.6171875, 0.01953125, 0.1416015625, 0.275390625, 0.66796875, 1.7265625, -0.314453125, 0.439453125, 1.53125, 2.265625, -1.9921875, -1.9140625, 0.640625, 0.2431640625, 0.447265625, -0.02734375, -0.0830078125, -0.26171875, -1.046875, 0.76953125, -0.2470703125, 2.03125, 0.796875, 1.75, 0.35546875, 1.7109375, 0.2099609375, 0.98828125, 0.73828125, -0.515625, 0.62890625, 0.9296875, -1.6640625, -1.8125, 0.43359375, -0.79296875, 1.390625, -0.8203125, 0.59375, 0.322265625, -0.3125, 0.357421875, 1.8828125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1531841974
Serial determinations of asymmetric dimethylarginine and homocysteine during pregnancy to predict pre‐eclampsia: a longitudinal study
Objective To evaluate the usefulness of serial determinations of asymmetric dimethylarginine ( ADMA ) and homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations during pregnancy to predict pre‐eclampsia, taking into account maternal obesity and B vitamin status. Design Longitudinal study. Setting Two obstetric referral hospitals. Sample Two hundred and fifty‐two of 411 women invited to participate in the study. Methods The women made monthly visits from ≤20 weeks of gestation until delivery for measurements of plasma ADMA , Hcy, and vitamins B 6 , B 12, and folic acid, and for the recording of clinical information. Main outcome measure Early elevations in plasma ADMA and Hcy related to the development of pre‐eclampsia. Results Of the 252 women who completed the study, 179 had no complications, 49 developed pre‐eclampsia, and 24 presented with complications other than pre‐eclampsia. ADMA and Hcy increased gradually throughout pregnancy in the pre‐eclampsia group, independent of maternal B–vitamin status and obesity, but remained constant in women with no complications. Relative to the preceding month, ADMA and Hcy levels increased 1 month prior to the onset of pre‐eclampsia: 124 ± 27 nmol ( P &lt; 0.001) and 1177 ± 278 nmol ( P = 0.001), respectively, in the pre‐eclampsia group. The group of women with no complications did not show any significant changes. Increases of 80 nmol ADMA and 1000 nmol Hcy at 1 month prior to the onset of pre‐eclampsia demonstrated the best potential for prediction. Conclusions Increased ADMA and Hcy levels precede clinical manifestations of pre‐eclampsia. Therefore, serial determinations of their concentrations may be helpful in identifying women at risk. Tweetable abstract Increased ADMA and Hcy precede clinical pre‐eclampsia and may identify women at risk.
[ 1.4140625, 0.50390625, 1, 0.1953125, 0.026611328125, 1.046875, -0.85546875, 0.9609375, 0.11767578125, -0.640625, 0.0849609375, -0.7890625, 2.109375, -0.94140625, 0.8515625, 0.546875, -0.451171875, 0.345703125, -0.19140625, 0.357421875, 1.390625, -0.2265625, -2.03125, -0.267578125, -0.267578125, 0.388671875, 0.91796875, -2.09375, 0.1611328125, 1.4921875, 0.2099609375, 1.7578125, -2.25, -0.08447265625, 0.7265625, -0.314453125, 0.5859375, 0.67578125, 0.87109375, 0.90234375, 0.82421875, -2.046875, -0.48046875, 1.171875, -1.3203125, 0.201171875, -0.2470703125, 1.2578125, -1.28125, -0.060791015625, 0.181640625, 0.12109375, 0.98828125, 0.023193359375, 0.126953125, 0.7109375, -1.96875, -1.09375, 1.96875, 0.427734375, 0.341796875, -1.578125, 0.78125, 0.8828125, 1.0234375, -0.49609375, 0.09326171875, -0.09814453125, 1.1875, -1, 1.34375, 0.2490234375, -0.65625, -0.34765625, 0.58984375, 2.0625, -0.2353515625, -0.310546875, 2.109375, 0.2373046875, 1.2109375, -0.73046875, 0.6875, 0.08349609375, -0.8125, 1.7578125, 1.53125, 1.4296875, 0.365234375, 0.609375, 0.51171875, 0.7890625, 0.00823974609375, 0.0673828125, 0.1259765625, -0.83984375, -0.77734375, 0.96484375, -1.328125, 1.6640625, -0.126953125, 0.1982421875, -0.08984375, -0.255859375, -0.181640625, -0.0106201171875, -0.7109375, 0.169921875, -1.3984375, -0.25390625, -0.00970458984375, -1.2421875, 0.39453125, 1.25, 0.06005859375, -0.197265625, 0.361328125, -0.63671875, -0.466796875, -0.1044921875, -0.25390625, -1.3828125, -0.51953125, -0.08935546875, 0.6796875, -0.07421875, -2.0625, 0.1552734375, -0.6484375, -0.8828125, 0.390625, -0.2138671875, 0.765625, 0.63671875, 0.0986328125, -0.39453125, -0.0888671875, -0.126953125, 0.64453125, 0.59765625, 1.21875, 2.015625, -1.2421875, 0.1826171875, -0.53125, 0.51171875, 1.015625, 1.1875, -0.4375, 1.796875, 0.287109375, -1.828125, -0.322265625, 1.515625, 0.3515625, -0.46484375, -0.265625, 1.578125, -0.1279296875, -0.6875, -1.0625, -1.140625, 0.8828125, 0.265625, -0.77734375, -0.1513671875, -0.1484375, 0.388671875, 0.3828125, -0.333984375, -1.8046875, -1.4375, 0.0252685546875, 0.212890625, 0.84375, -0.9453125, -0.625, 0.029052734375, 0.828125, -0.640625, -0.1494140625, 1.71875, -0.07958984375, -0.271484375, 1.125, 1.3671875, -0.0458984375, -0.73046875, -1.09375, 0.66015625, -1.0078125, -1.765625, -2.296875, 0.9765625, -0.044677734375, -0.177734375, 0.0257568359375, 1.171875, -0.26953125, 0.01531982421875, -2.484375, 0.53515625, -0.2060546875, -0.0296630859375, 0.1376953125, -0.1318359375, 2.015625, 1.046875, 1.5390625, 1.109375, -1.6015625, -0.404296875, 0.47265625, -0.32421875, -0.494140625, 1.078125, -0.46484375, 2.265625, 0.90234375, -1.328125, -0.26953125, 0.67578125, 0.154296875, 0.4453125, -0.90625, -1.046875, 1.25, 1.2890625, 0.302734375, 1.015625, 0.388671875, -1.40625, 1.6953125, 0.125, 0.1435546875, -0.4140625, 0.16796875, 0.48828125, 0.10400390625, -0.404296875, 0.9921875, -0.376953125, 0.1279296875, 0.0390625, 0.59375, 0.498046875, -0.4453125, -0.3828125, 0.671875, 0.6875, 1.2578125, -0.474609375, -0.52734375, -0.0947265625, -1.0390625, -0.64453125, -0.0673828125, 0.06787109375, 1.0546875, -1.078125, -0.20703125, 0.62890625, 0.030517578125, 0.69140625, 0.126953125, -1.328125, -0.375, 0.267578125, -2.265625, 0.92578125, -1.25, -1.625, 1.484375, -1, 0.62109375, -0.7109375, -0.53125, 0.1796875, 0.70703125, -0.48046875, -1.203125, -0.92578125, -1.453125, -1.0078125, 1.0234375, 0.5859375, -0.203125, 0.435546875, -0.3984375, -0.0179443359375, -0.55859375, -0.2421875, -1.5234375, 0.8203125, 0.32421875, 0.0478515625, 1.2421875, 1.7421875, 0.8984375, -0.046142578125, 1.28125, -0.0439453125, -1.1953125, -0.279296875, 1.7265625, 0.1455078125, -1.3828125, -0.474609375, 0.2412109375, 1.3515625, 0.06884765625, -0.5703125, -0.466796875, 2.078125, 0.212890625, -0.064453125, 0.5234375, -0.56640625, 0.10888671875, 0.042236328125, 0.150390625, -0.498046875, 0.83203125, -0.228515625, -0.27734375, -0.97265625, -1.296875, -0.7421875, -0.10498046875, -1.4453125, -0.2890625, 0.7578125, 1.328125, -0.9609375, -1.3671875, -0.81640625, -1.0703125, -1.5, 2.25, -0.2412109375, 1.6484375, -1.21875, -0.796875, -0.28515625, 1.21875, 0.7109375, 0.10498046875, -0.92578125, 1.734375, -2.421875, -0.53515625, 0.240234375, -0.0341796875, -0.02734375, 0.62109375, 1.8359375, 0.62890625, 0.3984375, -0.4609375, 2.328125, -0.55859375, -0.5625, -0.216796875, 0.66796875, -0.0106201171875, -0.173828125, 0.41015625, -0.69921875, -0.11181640625, -0.1220703125, 1.4921875, 0.54296875, -0.28125, -0.56640625, 0.58984375, 1.1484375, 0.59765625, -0.98046875, 1.0234375, 1.25, -0.734375, 0.435546875, 0.032470703125, 1.359375, 1.6328125, 1.3125, 0.38671875, 1.1015625, -0.314453125, 0.94921875, 1.3671875, 0.546875, -2.015625, -0.90234375, 0.330078125, 1.1640625, 1.2734375, 0.67578125, -0.451171875, -0.4296875, 1.390625, -1.09375, 1.1484375, -1.1484375, -1.2734375, 0.953125, -0.6953125, -0.53515625, 0.263671875, -1.359375, 0.049560546875, -0.474609375, -0.52734375, 0.359375, 2.25, 0.0224609375, 1.7890625, -0.5390625, -0.5234375, -0.625, 0.087890625, -0.87890625, 0.59375, -0.16796875, 0.059814453125, 0.1455078125, 0.98046875, -0.2314453125, -0.55078125, 1.859375, 1.46875, 0.58984375, -1.1015625, 0.1767578125, -0.1796875, -0.765625, 1.7421875, 0.37109375, -0.6796875, 1.390625, 0.4140625, 0.0625, -0.498046875, 0.00182342529296875, 0.3359375, 0.09375, -0.15625, 1.2109375, 1.109375, 1.203125, 0.70703125, -0.373046875, -0.48828125, -0.84765625, 0.7265625, 0.69140625, -0.9375, -1, -1.9296875, 0.279296875, -0.392578125, -0.734375, 1.8203125, 0.40234375, 0.93359375, -0.63671875, -0.63671875, 0.58203125, 1.0625, 0.2734375, 0.62890625, -0.3125, -0.12451171875, 0.138671875, -0.0184326171875, -0.1318359375, 0.59375, 0.037109375, 1.2265625, -0.69140625, 1.4453125, 0.6015625, -0.48046875, 0.275390625, -0.09130859375, -0.640625, -0.1826171875, -0.1845703125, 0.062255859375, -0.053955078125, -0.37109375, -0.427734375, 1.2421875, 1.25, 1.578125, 0.359375, 0.040771484375, 1.484375, -0.51171875, 1.3046875, 0.4375, -1.109375, -2.078125, -0.875, 1.109375, -1.1171875, -0.5390625, -0.72265625, -2.296875, 0.03125, 1.765625, 1.453125, -1.6953125, -0.0076904296875, 0.05419921875, 0.06689453125, 1.5390625, 0.65234375, -0.255859375, -2.046875, 0.064453125, -0.115234375, -0.84765625, 0.251953125, -0.006683349609375, 1.3828125, 1.390625, -0.921875, 0.251953125, -1.2890625, -0.84765625, 0.3984375, -0.259765625, 1.328125, 1.9921875, -1.9453125, 0.72265625, 0.640625, -0.73828125, 0.54296875, -1.0703125, 0.51171875, 0.08203125, -0.84765625, -0.2060546875, -0.365234375, -0.291015625, 1.8125, -0.53125, 0.0126953125, -1.03125, 0.5546875, 0.1865234375, -0.197265625, -0.97265625, 0.287109375, -0.74609375, -0.8515625, 0.494140625, -0.68359375, 0.73046875, -1.0859375, -0.1904296875, 0.6171875, -0.89453125, 0.5390625, -1.5859375, -0.32421875, 0.0107421875, 1.171875, 0.765625, -0.19140625, -0.040771484375, 0.169921875, 0.76171875, -1.6875, -0.27734375, -1.734375, 0.72265625, -0.71484375, 1.1171875, 0.4609375, -0.3828125, 0.33203125, 0.09716796875, 0.34375, 0.19140625, 1.2890625, 1.1796875, -2.859375, -0.451171875, -0.5078125, -0.310546875, -0.1396484375, 0.55859375, -1.2109375, 1.0234375, 1.4453125, 0.6953125, 1.15625, 0.3046875, 1.7109375, 0.150390625, 0.02685546875, 0.5625, -0.158203125, -0.232421875, 0.318359375, 0.51953125, -0.1201171875, -1.1953125, -1.2890625, -0.23046875, 0.12158203125, 0.9453125, 0.388671875, -0.263671875, -0.765625, 0.2734375, 0.0361328125, -1.3515625, 0.5859375, 0.671875, 1.0546875, -0.31640625, -0.1787109375, 1.0703125, -0.80078125, 0.1708984375, 0.63671875, -1.84375, 0.3125, -0.77734375, 0.42578125, -1.234375, 0.3203125, 0.419921875, 1.03125, 0.34375, -0.0966796875, 1.734375, 0.90234375, -0.76171875, -0.453125, -0.62109375, 1.40625, 0.07568359375, 0.63671875, 0.0133056640625, 1.828125, -0.70703125, -0.4296875, 0.2255859375, 0.3359375, 0.275390625, 0.96484375, -0.11328125, -0.3046875, 0.90625, -0.6953125, 0.302734375, 1.3203125, -1.390625, -0.328125, 0.138671875, 1.5859375, -1.21875, -1.984375, -1.015625, -0.337890625, -0.70703125, -0.77734375, 0.9765625, -0.37890625, -0.83203125, 1.6796875, 0.66015625, 1.328125, -0.07080078125, 0.6484375, 0.796875, 1.0546875, -1.2890625, 0.35546875, -0.4296875, -0.458984375, 0.6171875, -0.19921875, -0.64453125, -0.75390625, -0.546875, 0.51171875, 0.7265625, 0.81640625, 0.33203125, 0.6953125, -0.7109375, 0.3046875, -0.2490234375, -1.1953125, 0.21484375, 0.7265625, -0.330078125, -0.1318359375, -1.2265625, -1.0859375, 0.7421875, 1.296875, -0.69921875, -0.2138671875, -0.36328125, 0.26953125, -0.283203125, 0.43359375, 2.21875, 0.5078125, -0.65234375, -0.28515625, 0.08056640625, -0.193359375, 0.734375, 0.5546875, 0.1240234375, 0.72265625, -0.6796875, -1.1796875, -0.765625, 0.91796875, -0.796875, -0.671875, -0.412109375, -1.96875, 0.53125, -0.96484375, 0.0174560546875, -0.064453125, -0.9453125, 0.76953125, 0.294921875, 1.9140625, -0.703125, -0.82421875, 0.019287109375, -0.408203125, -0.703125, 1.7265625, -0.19140625, -1.6640625, 0.38671875, -1.171875, 0.8125, 0.1689453125, -0.77734375, 1.8828125, 0.88671875, 0.357421875, -1.0078125, 0.8046875, 1.046875, -1.375, 1.25, 0.057373046875, 0.004638671875, 0.59765625, 1.40625, 0.2294921875, -0.78515625, -0.71875, -0.41796875, 0.9296875, -0.357421875, -0.035400390625, 0.46484375, 0.875, -0.0390625, -0.796875, -0.7265625, -0.0177001953125, 1.1484375, -0.11328125, -1.421875, -0.416015625, -0.09033203125, -0.76171875, -1.4765625, 0.671875, 0.6015625, -1.375, -1.484375, -0.671875, -1.296875, 0.94921875, -0.384765625, 0.01470947265625, -0.017822265625, 1.125, 0.4609375, 0.3984375, -0.171875, -0.267578125, 0.421875, 0.77734375, -0.58984375, 0.125, -0.7578125, 0.48828125, -0.8828125, -1.46875, -1.2890625, 0.0177001953125, 1.859375, -0.60546875, 0.67578125, -0.310546875, -1.78125, -0.23046875, 0.921875, -1.0546875, 0.85546875, 0.609375, -0.71484375, -0.005615234375, -0.5703125, -0.2314453125, -0.57421875, -0.2890625, 1.2421875, -0.8125, -0.9921875, 1.328125, -2.703125, -0.5390625, -0.9921875, -0.90625, 0.3046875, 0.171875, 0.9609375, 1.3203125, 0.3203125, 0.78125, 0.76171875, 1.1015625, 3.1875, 0.62109375, -0.61328125, -1, -0.703125, -0.2001953125, -0.326171875, -1.1796875, 0.9453125, 0.435546875, 0.427734375, 0.427734375, 0.0303955078125, -0.240234375, 0.95703125, 1.0390625, 0.400390625, -0.29296875, -0.76953125, -0.1455078125, 1.8359375, 1.5390625, 0.2333984375, -0.78515625, -0.2080078125, -0.6953125, 0.322265625, 0.055908203125, 0.283203125, 0.5859375, 0.044921875, 1.21875, 0.90625, -0.5859375, -0.484375, -1.0859375, -0.7578125, 1.5234375, -0.8828125, -0.76171875, -1.84375, -0.33203125, -0.4140625, -0.90234375, 0.1435546875, -0.640625, 0.49609375, -0.5703125, 0.053955078125, -0.2109375, -0.578125, 0.8359375, -0.0172119140625, 1.7265625, -0.310546875, -0.4140625, 0.416015625, -0.310546875, 0.62890625, -0.72265625, 1.1875, 0.01116943359375, -1.4609375, -0.353515625, 0.341796875, -0.435546875, 0.0546875, 0.84375, -0.62890625, -1.8203125, 0.006195068359375, 0.03564453125, 0.234375, -1.5390625, -0.953125, -0.71484375, 0.63671875, -0.30859375, -0.98828125, 0.35546875, 0.05908203125, -0.59375, 0.1875, 1.4140625, -2.046875, -0.197265625, -1.4296875, -0.052490234375, 0.51953125, -0.453125, -0.185546875, -0.546875, -1.546875, -2.03125, 1.40625, -1.4296875, 1, -1.65625, -0.048583984375, -0.73046875, -0.322265625, -0.98828125, 0.038818359375, 0.0927734375, -0.390625, 0.03076171875, 0.376953125, 0.427734375, -1.046875, 0.2412109375, 0.9765625, 0.7734375, 2.421875, 0.341796875, 0.490234375, 0.7109375, 0.115234375, 0.0084228515625, -1.359375, -0.376953125, -2.21875, 1.75, 0.154296875, -0.8203125, -0.66796875, 1.2578125, 0.77734375, 1.75, 0.0419921875, 1.015625, -0.0634765625, 0.17578125, 1.140625, -1.2109375, -1.2421875, -0.287109375, -0.37890625, -0.423828125, 0.08837890625, 1.125, 0.142578125, 0.83203125, 0.33203125, 0.328125, 0.10400390625, 1.28125, 0.80078125, 0.98046875, 0.369140625, 0.37890625, -0.212890625, 0.494140625, -0.10693359375, -0.30078125, -0.71875, 0.98828125, 0.44140625, -0.6015625, -1.1875, -1.390625, 1.1171875, 0.91796875, 2.640625, -2.546875, 0.400390625, 0.59765625, 0.56640625, -0.44921875, -1.203125, -0.06982421875, -0.8203125, -1.1328125, 0.94921875, 0.71484375, 1.3125, 0.291015625, 1.28125, 0.1328125, -0.63671875, -0.94140625, 0.2060546875, 1.3828125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532035723
Serum alkaline phosphatase, body composition, and risk of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Korean
Some papers have suggested that alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level is a predictor of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the general population. However, the association is still controversial, and the mechanisms underlying an association between ALP level and the MetS have not been elucidated. We analyzed the association between serum ALP level and the development of the MetS over a 4-year period. A total of 14,224 subjects who visited the Health Promotion Center for a medical examination in 2005 were followed up after 4 years. Serum ALP level correlated positively with body fat mass and visceral fat mass. The adjusted geometric mean ALP levels were higher in subjects with elevated C-reactive protein level or greater fat mass (P < 0.001). None of the subjects had the MetS at baseline, but 1,179 exhibited the MetS at the 4-year follow-up. After multiple adjustments, the odds ratio (OR) was substantially higher for development of the MetS (OR 1.56, 95% confidence intervals, 1.21-2.01) in subjects in the highest ALP quintile compared with those in the lowest quintile. After adjusting for various covariates, we found significant associations between the quintile of serum ALP level and abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and high triglyceride level. Higher serum ALP level was a significant predictor of the MetS in middle-aged Koreans. Serum ALP level correlated positively with body fat mass and independently with a more atherogenic lipid profile in the general population in Korea.
[ 0.38671875, 0.93359375, 0.458984375, -0.2265625, -1.515625, 1.8125, -0.5546875, 1.484375, 2.03125, -1.1953125, -0.58203125, -0.80859375, 1.1953125, -0.443359375, 0.77734375, -0.73828125, 0.99609375, -1.59375, -0.98046875, -0.3984375, -1.1015625, -0.53515625, -2.71875, -1.1328125, 0.0791015625, 1.9375, 2.65625, -1.515625, 0.89453125, 0.267578125, 0.95703125, 3.15625, -1.859375, -1.046875, 0.69140625, 1.359375, 0.7890625, 1.2890625, 0.2734375, 0.28125, 0.984375, -0.419921875, 1.734375, 0.59765625, 0.091796875, 1.0625, -0.205078125, -0.134765625, 0.439453125, -1.40625, 0.22265625, 0.53515625, 2.453125, -0.5859375, 0.28515625, 1.859375, -1.8828125, -0.71484375, 2.53125, 0.66796875, 0.578125, -2.09375, 1.5078125, -0.11572265625, 1.5234375, -1.7734375, 1.5234375, -0.640625, 0.1337890625, 0.35546875, 2.359375, 0.90234375, -1.6640625, -0.2041015625, 1.34375, -0.51171875, -0.46875, 0.96484375, 0.6328125, 1.0390625, 0.373046875, -0.07861328125, 0.421875, -0.298828125, -1.03125, 1.3203125, 0.734375, 1.578125, 0.0086669921875, 1.9453125, 0.2099609375, 0.55859375, -2.03125, 0.6484375, 0.31640625, 0.6796875, -0.65625, -1.0625, -1.3125, 1.0546875, 0.0274658203125, -0.06982421875, 1.3046875, -1.7734375, -0.6171875, 0.29296875, -0.341796875, -1.0234375, 0.1015625, 0.322265625, 0.85546875, -0.87109375, 0.2099609375, 0.2265625, 0.54296875, -0.1943359375, 1.078125, -0.875, 0.57421875, -0.57421875, -0.412109375, -1.6015625, 0.6796875, -0.67578125, 0.8515625, 0.54296875, -1.96875, 0.09765625, -0.271484375, -0.255859375, 2.4375, 0.14453125, 0.171875, -0.150390625, 0.349609375, -0.484375, -1.5234375, 0.4140625, -0.2421875, 1.15625, 1.0703125, 1.9375, -1.0859375, 0.8828125, -0.59765625, -2.390625, 2.359375, -0.765625, 1.3125, 2.234375, 1.203125, -1.6953125, -1.3046875, 1.2578125, -0.921875, -1.484375, -0.0869140625, 3.25, 0.19921875, -2.296875, -1.7734375, -1.671875, 0.99609375, -0.68359375, -0.296875, -0.8828125, 0.1416015625, 0.9140625, 0.0732421875, -0.671875, -1.578125, -0.294921875, -0.306640625, -0.12451171875, 1.546875, -0.66796875, -1.828125, 0.6484375, 1.828125, -0.06591796875, 0.181640625, 2.234375, -0.138671875, -0.8984375, -0.416015625, 1.3671875, -1.6328125, -0.6796875, -0.10400390625, 0.2158203125, -0.1396484375, -1.03125, -1.7734375, 1.1328125, -0.1201171875, -0.5390625, 0.796875, 0.46484375, 0.5546875, -1.2890625, -0.515625, 1.2265625, 1.1640625, -0.3359375, 0.146484375, 0.40625, 0.5703125, 1.546875, 1.046875, 1.96875, -1.8984375, -1.6953125, -0.341796875, 0.380859375, -0.5234375, -1.25, -1.1796875, 2.734375, 0.99609375, -1.46875, 1.703125, -0.1689453125, 0.4921875, -0.48046875, -0.5234375, -1.875, 1.2578125, 2.859375, -1.7890625, 2.625, 1.046875, -2.1875, 1.2578125, -1.015625, -0.58203125, 0.2255859375, 0.40625, 0.7265625, 1.015625, -0.52734375, 0.7109375, 1.9453125, 0.0634765625, 1.9921875, 0.9296875, -0.82421875, 0.73046875, -0.416015625, -2.59375, 0.439453125, 1.7890625, -1.5234375, -0.68359375, 0.5234375, -0.75, -0.490234375, -0.9453125, -0.271484375, 2.109375, -0.0654296875, 1.4140625, -0.66015625, 0.10302734375, 1.1328125, -1.0625, -0.375, -0.13671875, 0.95703125, -1.2734375, 1.0859375, -1.2109375, -1.234375, -0.0198974609375, 0.7421875, -0.1171875, 0.48828125, -1.8671875, -0.2275390625, -0.65625, -0.7421875, -0.9609375, -1.0859375, -0.18359375, -0.474609375, 0.8515625, 0.96484375, 0.04345703125, -0.384765625, -0.71484375, -1.375, -0.478515625, -1.0625, -1.3515625, 1.265625, -0.703125, 0.27734375, 2.03125, 2.21875, 0.78125, -0.78125, -0.578125, 0.9609375, -1.15625, -0.5390625, 1.4765625, -0.09521484375, -1.578125, -1.375, 0.921875, 1.109375, 0.21484375, 0.1982421875, -0.734375, 2.46875, -0.050048828125, 0.466796875, 0.1748046875, -1.875, -0.146484375, -0.314453125, -0.443359375, -1.03125, -0.6640625, -0.75390625, 0.1787109375, -0.90625, -0.361328125, 0.00823974609375, -0.75390625, -0.0155029296875, 0.53515625, -0.56640625, -0.024658203125, -1.6171875, -1.46875, -0.90625, -0.337890625, -2.171875, 1.515625, -0.74609375, 0.55078125, -0.3828125, -1.9921875, -1.46875, 0.296875, 0.490234375, 0.1923828125, -0.71875, 0.671875, -1.0390625, -0.67578125, -0.466796875, 0.2734375, 0.059326171875, -1.1640625, 1.8046875, 1.1328125, -0.423828125, -0.859375, 0.890625, 0.0205078125, -0.50390625, 0.45703125, 0.73828125, 1.375, 0.060546875, -0.953125, -1.109375, -1.5234375, 0.65234375, 2.8125, -1.3125, -1.203125, -0.76953125, 0.283203125, 0.9453125, -0.36328125, -0.96484375, 0.427734375, 0.65625, -0.83203125, 0.83984375, -0.73828125, 0.1748046875, 2.171875, 1.28125, 0.22265625, -1.296875, -0.455078125, 1.5625, -1.140625, -0.205078125, -1.7890625, 0.451171875, 0.01422119140625, 1.25, 2.9375, 0.265625, -0.5078125, -2.921875, 0.57421875, -0.859375, -0.2080078125, -1.21875, -1.8125, -0.208984375, -1.4453125, -0.60546875, -0.54296875, 0.56640625, -1.2265625, 0.53125, -0.396484375, 0.490234375, 2.1875, -1.4609375, 2.15625, 0.23046875, -1.8671875, -0.78125, 0.88671875, 0.443359375, 1.3203125, -1.6171875, 2.09375, 0.58984375, 0.6953125, 1.4140625, -1.609375, 0.359375, -1.5234375, 1.015625, -0.03369140625, 0.73046875, -0.396484375, 1.15625, 2.09375, -0.09716796875, -0.388671875, 1.2890625, 1.5078125, -1.0390625, -0.302734375, 0.51171875, 1.2421875, 0.93359375, 0.33984375, 0.7265625, 0.69140625, 0.033447265625, 0.4375, -1.4765625, -2.21875, 0.76953125, -0.41796875, 0.482421875, -1.5625, 1.109375, -1.1875, -1.203125, -1.6796875, -0.26171875, 1.9765625, 0.0146484375, 1.03125, 0.314453125, 0.057373046875, -0.1181640625, 0.061767578125, 1.5859375, 0.006866455078125, -0.037353515625, 1.375, -0.18359375, 0.71484375, -0.8984375, 0.06396484375, 0.81640625, 0.91015625, -0.5625, 0.9296875, 1.5390625, -0.208984375, -0.765625, 0.90625, 0.6796875, -0.5390625, -1.0078125, 1.671875, -0.322265625, -0.671875, -2.265625, 0.98828125, 0.1455078125, 2.1875, 1.0390625, -1.296875, 2.28125, -1.1875, 2.515625, 0.08056640625, -1.3125, -3.234375, -0.03857421875, 0.27734375, -0.95703125, -1.5390625, -0.578125, -1.5390625, -0.5625, -0.263671875, 2.265625, -0.50390625, -3.40625, -0.07568359375, 0.1630859375, 2.578125, -0.328125, -0.2216796875, -0.6640625, 0.96484375, -0.29296875, 0.099609375, 1.5234375, 2.484375, 0.71875, 1.453125, -1.2421875, -1.09375, -0.50390625, 0.04296875, -0.490234375, 0.66796875, 0.435546875, -0.875, -1.4453125, 0.6328125, 1.6796875, -0.25390625, -0.365234375, 0.50390625, -0.52734375, -0.384765625, -1.8359375, 1.125, -0.8125, -0.51171875, 2, 1.2578125, 1.3828125, -2.4375, 0.78125, 1.140625, -0.318359375, -2.109375, 0.1611328125, -0.70703125, -3.484375, 0.279296875, -0.57421875, 0.76171875, -1.171875, -1.125, 2.21875, 0.02197265625, 0.62890625, -1.3359375, 1.296875, 0.07861328125, 0.478515625, -0.99609375, -2.625, 0.26171875, 1.1171875, 2.171875, -0.34765625, -0.00055694580078125, -1.03125, -0.1083984375, -0.55859375, 1, 0.69140625, -1.2734375, 0.1796875, 1.25, -0.53125, 1.15625, -1.25, 1.65625, -2.25, -2.4375, -1.4453125, -0.470703125, -1.03125, -1.0703125, -1.5, 0.73046875, 3.890625, 2.09375, -0.255859375, 0.546875, 1.234375, 0.05029296875, 2.28125, -0.47265625, 0.27734375, -0.0169677734375, 0.43359375, 0.28515625, 0.15625, -0.51953125, -0.87109375, -0.009521484375, -0.72265625, 1.9296875, -0.271484375, 1.3359375, -0.59765625, 0.7578125, 0.26953125, -0.828125, -0.6640625, 0.2314453125, 0.83984375, -0.287109375, -1.2109375, 0.2470703125, -0.5390625, -1.1328125, -2.125, -1.5, 0.8125, 0.4453125, 0.4296875, -0.25, 0.87109375, -0.158203125, 0.419921875, 1.1875, 1.625, 2.328125, 1.4609375, 0.6640625, -0.212890625, 0.9296875, 1.734375, -0.416015625, 0.92578125, 0.90234375, 2.609375, -0.99609375, 1.109375, 0.212890625, 0.8515625, -0.64453125, 2.953125, 0.142578125, -1.0625, 0.58984375, -0.75, 2.234375, 2.609375, 0.203125, -0.75, 2.203125, 1.4609375, -0.87109375, -1.328125, -0.76953125, 0.1728515625, -1.4921875, -0.1484375, 1.6484375, -0.52734375, -0.455078125, 1.75, 0.984375, 1.109375, -0.296875, 0.07275390625, 1.4140625, -2.484375, -0.33203125, -0.75390625, -1.7421875, 1.0625, -1.2890625, 0.83203125, -1.296875, 0.45703125, -1.828125, 0.3359375, 1.8359375, 0.2890625, 0.7109375, 1.515625, 0.8984375, 1.171875, -0.8984375, -0.29296875, 1.171875, 0.37890625, 0.5078125, 0.05126953125, -0.96875, -2.625, 2.015625, 1.703125, 1.8828125, 1.15625, 1.3828125, -0.72265625, -0.388671875, 0.0078125, 3.3125, 0.2109375, -0.6796875, -0.1494140625, -0.06591796875, 0.62109375, 2.6875, 1, 0.072265625, -0.84765625, -1.8984375, -1.8203125, -0.5625, 1.609375, -1.0546875, 0.234375, -1.7578125, -1.578125, 0.036865234375, -1.1171875, -1.8125, 0.47265625, -1.4609375, 2.109375, 0.1875, 2.671875, -0.80859375, -0.10595703125, -0.1435546875, 1.0390625, -1.6171875, 1.0703125, -0.93359375, -1.2265625, 0.48828125, -1.3203125, 2.6875, 0.25390625, -0.734375, 2.875, -0.138671875, 0.51953125, -1.609375, -0.78515625, -0.1943359375, -2.671875, 0.8984375, 0.373046875, 1.3046875, 0.7734375, 2.625, 0.40234375, -0.109375, 0.28515625, -0.0196533203125, 0.8125, -1.4921875, 0.09814453125, 0.0419921875, 1.5703125, -1.125, -2.328125, -0.5859375, 0.48046875, 0.1708984375, -0.376953125, -1.03125, -0.111328125, 0.09521484375, -0.3828125, -1.71875, -0.4375, 1.2109375, 0.34375, -0.369140625, -0.1552734375, -2.1875, 1.7109375, -0.96875, -0.059326171875, 0.61328125, 1.90625, -0.171875, -2.046875, 0.1396484375, 0.09814453125, 0.287109375, 0.35546875, 0.50390625, -1.3203125, -1.578125, -0.400390625, -1.171875, -0.90625, -0.0400390625, -1.5859375, 3.265625, -0.98828125, 1.9140625, 0.96484375, 0.365234375, 0.1806640625, -1.4765625, -0.34375, 0.060546875, 2.03125, -0.0869140625, 0.054931640625, -0.53125, -0.099609375, 0.09130859375, 0.162109375, 0.9296875, 0.1396484375, -2.265625, 1.171875, -2.9375, -0.0260009765625, -1.7890625, 0.42578125, -0.76953125, -0.404296875, 0.5546875, 0.8984375, 1.9609375, 0.2080078125, 1.109375, 2.625, 1.8046875, 1.1796875, -1.1640625, -1.5546875, -1.265625, -1.2265625, -0.474609375, -1.6953125, 1.4765625, 1.421875, 1.1015625, -0.76171875, 2.046875, 0.73828125, -0.58203125, 0.384765625, 0.9765625, -0.8359375, 1.46875, 0.2099609375, 0.96484375, 1.1640625, -0.640625, 0.052734375, -0.0966796875, -1.2109375, 0.25, 0.7734375, -0.1513671875, 0.291015625, 0.11376953125, 1.6953125, 0.50390625, 0.4296875, -0.2265625, -1.046875, -0.349609375, 0.78515625, -1.5078125, -0.5390625, -2.328125, 1.453125, -0.86328125, -1.3671875, 1.1640625, -2.125, -0.84765625, -0.029296875, 1.09375, -1.609375, -1.921875, 0.51953125, -0.5234375, 1.3828125, 0.2412109375, -1.2421875, 0.51953125, 0.61328125, 0.1337890625, -0.8515625, -0.57421875, 0.14453125, -1.7109375, 0.412109375, -1.7109375, -0.56640625, -0.185546875, 1.0234375, -0.86328125, -0.70703125, -0.55078125, -2.015625, 0.08349609375, -1.0546875, -1.84375, -0.91015625, 0.1875, 0.59765625, 1.484375, -0.5859375, -0.08837890625, -0.33984375, 0.423828125, 0.9921875, -2.15625, 0.58203125, -0.255859375, -0.55859375, 0.267578125, -0.443359375, -0.349609375, 0.94140625, -1.4921875, -0.5078125, 0.19921875, -0.7421875, 1.4609375, -1.8515625, -0.734375, -0.8828125, 0.265625, -0.244140625, -0.83203125, 0.361328125, -0.85546875, -0.51953125, 0.37890625, 1.171875, -3.5625, -0.12353515625, 0.7421875, 0.345703125, 1.6328125, -0.6015625, -0.044921875, 0.32421875, -0.375, 0.2060546875, -0.83203125, -1.484375, -0.369140625, -0.5390625, -0.423828125, -0.61328125, -0.306640625, 0.5859375, 1.4296875, 1.3671875, -2.109375, 1.5078125, -1.53125, -0.107421875, 0.068359375, -0.96875, -1.0546875, -1.6171875, -0.8515625, 0.1796875, -0.5859375, 1.6953125, 0.9296875, 2.625, 1.0390625, 1.2265625, 1.0703125, 1.578125, 2.640625, -0.59765625, 1.265625, -1.046875, -0.90234375, 0.055419921875, -1.7578125, -0.220703125, -0.77734375, 1.3046875, -0.0301513671875, -0.9921875, -1.0390625, 0.043701171875, 0.80859375, -0.2021484375, 3.984375, -0.46484375, 0.7578125, 0.1328125, 0.38671875, 0.82421875, -0.91796875, 2.03125, -2, -1.6328125, 0.67578125, -0.94921875, 1.3984375, 1.0078125, 1.7265625, 0.62890625, -2.203125, -1.46875, -0.7890625, 1.953125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532075718
Sites of synthesis of viral proteins in avian sarcoma virus-infected chicken cells
We determined the sites of synthesis of avian sarcoma virus-specific proteins in infected chicken cells by immunoprecipitation of the products synthesized in vitro by free and membrane-bound polyribosomes; 85% of Pr76, the precursor of the viral internal structural proteins (group-specific antigens), was synthesized on free polyribosomes, and 15% was synthesized on membrane-bound polyribosomes. Pr92, the lycosylated precursor of the viral glycoproteins (gp85 and gp35), was synthesized exclusively on membrane-bound polyribomes, which is consistent with its role as a membrane protein. When we investigated the site of synthesis of pp60src, the product of the avian sarcoma virus src gene, we found that 90% was synthesized on free polyribosomes, whereas 10% was detected on membrane-bound polyribosomes. The implications of these results with respect to the subcellular location of pp60src are discussed.
[ -0.57421875, 0.70703125, 0.66796875, 1.078125, -0.1884765625, -1.625, -0.27734375, 0.458984375, -0.054931640625, 0.2373046875, -1.3046875, 1.109375, 1.984375, -0.345703125, 1.1640625, -0.52734375, 0.78515625, -0.41796875, -0.12255859375, 0.08447265625, -0.154296875, -0.69140625, -1.71875, 0.5625, 0.00933837890625, 0.87890625, 0.2294921875, -0.59765625, -0.040771484375, -0.2158203125, 1.3828125, 0.349609375, -1.203125, -1.21875, 0.490234375, 0.06591796875, 1.7421875, 0.138671875, -0.33203125, -0.5078125, -0.0032806396484375, -0.9609375, 1.5703125, -2.234375, -0.55078125, -0.93359375, -1.6015625, -0.94921875, -0.71875, -0.57421875, -0.546875, 0.2734375, -0.095703125, -0.50390625, -0.380859375, -0.236328125, -0.162109375, -0.458984375, 0.77734375, -0.5703125, -0.45703125, 0.169921875, 0.19140625, -0.39453125, 0.10302734375, 0.8125, -0.3046875, 0.474609375, 0.09814453125, -0.05859375, 0.392578125, 0.1533203125, -0.40625, 0.291015625, -0.61328125, -0.232421875, 0.298828125, -0.2314453125, -0.7734375, 0.486328125, -1.296875, -1.2578125, 0.9453125, 0.828125, -1.015625, 1.015625, 0.14453125, 1.8046875, 1.09375, -0.30078125, -0.1875, 0.75390625, -1.0625, -0.423828125, 0.65234375, 0.5703125, 0.90625, -0.59375, -1.09375, 1.109375, -0.39453125, -0.248046875, 0.482421875, -0.50390625, 0.75390625, 0.515625, -0.412109375, -1.1796875, -0.265625, -0.515625, 0.59765625, -0.5390625, -0.49609375, 1.296875, -0.10986328125, -0.1845703125, -1.53125, 0.408203125, 0.8671875, -0.2734375, -0.98828125, -0.4609375, 0.68359375, -0.5625, 0.419921875, 1.1953125, -1, -0.45703125, 0.490234375, -1.59375, 0.83984375, 0.75, -0.455078125, -0.08984375, 0.625, 0.2119140625, -1.75, 0.1376953125, 1.5546875, -0.435546875, -0.1552734375, 0.85546875, 0.05029296875, -0.310546875, 0.2265625, 0.4453125, -0.578125, -0.1376953125, 0.3984375, 0.50390625, -0.62890625, -0.515625, -0.25390625, 2.59375, 0.447265625, 0.33203125, -0.90625, 0.443359375, -0.07568359375, 0.94140625, -0.33984375, -0.87109375, -0.416015625, -0.0308837890625, 0.08154296875, -1.671875, 0.765625, 0.6015625, 0.06494140625, -0.71875, -1.75, -0.5390625, 0.3515625, -0.68359375, 0.78515625, -1.8515625, 0.185546875, 1.640625, 0.416015625, 0.2490234375, -0.1357421875, 0.89453125, -0.373046875, -0.11474609375, -0.48828125, 1.8671875, -1.40625, -0.177734375, 0.028564453125, 0.765625, 0.4140625, -2.25, -1.171875, 1.1484375, -0.11474609375, 0.5390625, 1.1875, -0.2060546875, -2.09375, -1.65625, -1.0859375, -1.0625, 1.03125, -1.7109375, 0.447265625, 0.345703125, 1.2734375, 1.6015625, 0.7265625, 1.484375, 0.17578125, -1.25, -0.2041015625, 1.2578125, -0.8515625, -1.109375, -0.353515625, 1.515625, -0.00970458984375, -0.7890625, 0.9375, 0.498046875, 0.05419921875, -0.0849609375, -0.271484375, -1.09375, -0.1767578125, 1.1875, -2.609375, 1.484375, 0.57421875, -0.5390625, -0.004150390625, -0.92578125, -1.296875, 0.12890625, 0.59375, 0.1748046875, 0.9609375, -0.10791015625, 0.443359375, 0.11669921875, -0.232421875, 0.208984375, 0.7109375, -1.171875, 1.1640625, 0.84765625, 0.341796875, -0.376953125, 0.1357421875, -0.6171875, -0.349609375, 0.462890625, -0.0556640625, -0.236328125, -0.494140625, 0.310546875, -0.2412109375, -1.0390625, -0.349609375, 0.1640625, -0.91796875, -0.44140625, -0.3671875, 0.026123046875, 0.0439453125, -0.87109375, -2.0625, -1.2265625, -0.984375, -0.291015625, 0.04150390625, 0.48046875, 1.4765625, 0.322265625, -0.58984375, -0.734375, -0.337890625, -0.5546875, -0.6953125, 0.0247802734375, -0.91796875, -0.5703125, 0.61328125, -0.91796875, 1.046875, 0.16015625, 0.177734375, -0.5703125, -1.140625, -0.6875, -2.75, 0.451171875, 0.115234375, -1.4296875, -0.271484375, 1.2109375, 1.1796875, 0.66796875, 1.40625, 0.04296875, -0.0546875, -0.345703125, 0.050537109375, -1.5078125, 0.7890625, -1.53125, 0.76953125, 0.81640625, 1.1640625, 0.248046875, -0.37890625, 0.2236328125, -0.88671875, 1.734375, 0.55078125, -1.515625, 0.32421875, -0.212890625, -0.58203125, 1.015625, -0.40234375, 0.384765625, -1.4140625, -2.03125, -0.16796875, 0.01116943359375, -0.25, 1.5078125, 0.6484375, -1.0703125, 0.400390625, -0.88671875, -0.62109375, 0.6796875, 0.390625, -1.71875, 0.0201416015625, -0.03125, 1.125, -0.30078125, -1.21875, -2.875, 1.2109375, -0.224609375, -1.7265625, -0.11328125, -0.68359375, -0.9140625, 0.0751953125, -0.59765625, 1.203125, -0.1572265625, -0.828125, 0.5078125, 2.125, -1.4609375, -0.5859375, 0.69921875, -0.482421875, -1.125, -0.08154296875, 0.49609375, 0.1494140625, -0.2578125, 0.62890625, 0.384765625, -1.1640625, -0.78125, 0.75, -0.640625, -0.99609375, 0.9921875, 0.87109375, 1.34375, -0.115234375, -0.34375, -0.82421875, 1.21875, -0.66796875, -0.99609375, -0.69140625, 0.330078125, 0.6796875, 1.0703125, -0.431640625, 0.78515625, 0.062255859375, 0.7734375, 1, -1.140625, -1.375, 0.11572265625, 1.1484375, 1.546875, 0.37109375, 0.91796875, 0.0294189453125, -0.51953125, -0.044189453125, -0.6171875, 2.203125, 0.443359375, -0.30859375, -0.74609375, -1.3984375, -0.27734375, -0.06298828125, -0.03515625, -0.1181640625, 1.6953125, -0.69921875, -0.2578125, 0.310546875, 1.265625, 0.54296875, -0.73828125, -0.95703125, 0.2177734375, -0.171875, -1.9140625, 0.7109375, -2.046875, 0.3125, 0.8359375, 0.169921875, 0.91015625, -0.482421875, -0.251953125, 0.6484375, 0.0218505859375, 0.6875, -0.875, -0.365234375, -0.306640625, -0.38671875, 0.416015625, -1.6875, 1.5703125, -0.87890625, -0.06591796875, -0.0057373046875, -1.046875, 1.734375, 2.140625, -0.5703125, 0.35546875, 0.1279296875, 2.21875, 0.333984375, -0.62890625, -1.3359375, 0.6328125, -0.2734375, 0.58984375, 0.050537109375, -0.8671875, 0.68359375, -0.0869140625, -0.453125, 0.7109375, 0.080078125, -0.6171875, 0.578125, -0.75, 0.72265625, -0.8125, -1.4375, 0.81640625, 1.0234375, 1.1875, 0.026123046875, 0.2314453125, 0.216796875, 1.0703125, -0.0191650390625, -0.0751953125, 0.7265625, 0.56640625, 0.1474609375, 0.11328125, -0.703125, 0.859375, 1.515625, 0.1923828125, -1.109375, 0.1513671875, -0.5234375, 0.1650390625, 0.3125, 0.1728515625, 0.416015625, -0.220703125, -0.4296875, 1.578125, -0.7109375, 0.6875, -0.2421875, -0.1328125, -0.890625, -2.3125, -2.640625, 1.375, 1.1953125, -0.99609375, -0.1396484375, 1.609375, -2.546875, -0.039794921875, 1.1484375, 2.1875, -2.484375, 0.244140625, -0.62109375, 2.0625, 1.0078125, 0.53125, 1.3046875, -1.046875, 1.3359375, -0.63671875, 0.1865234375, -0.205078125, 0.3125, 0.5078125, 1.6015625, -0.08056640625, -0.251953125, -1.25, -1.1796875, -0.1259765625, 0.515625, 0.9375, -0.0732421875, 0.1845703125, -0.6171875, 1.3359375, -0.37109375, -0.875, -0.6015625, 0.06005859375, -0.46875, 0.07958984375, 0.27734375, 0.11279296875, -0.88671875, 1.4296875, -0.142578125, -0.140625, -0.99609375, 0.93359375, -0.89453125, -0.53515625, -0.58984375, 1.9765625, -0.109375, 0.4140625, -0.000446319580078125, 0.30078125, -0.2392578125, -0.6171875, 0.416015625, 1.0625, -0.6796875, -0.400390625, -0.984375, -0.71484375, 0.3984375, 0.77734375, 0.181640625, -1.3828125, 0.16015625, 1.2421875, 0.33984375, 0.2314453125, -1.359375, -1.3671875, -1.4609375, -0.3984375, 0.11474609375, 0.92578125, -0.31640625, 0.037109375, 0.1845703125, 0.59765625, 1.359375, -0.357421875, 1.4609375, -1.25, -0.9296875, -0.205078125, 1.1953125, 0.98046875, -0.341796875, 0.64453125, -0.1962890625, 0.66796875, 0.25, 0.142578125, 0.1298828125, -0.07470703125, 0.37109375, -0.302734375, 0.2421875, -0.0322265625, -0.1376953125, 0.25, -0.1171875, 1.4140625, -0.59375, 0.703125, -0.2373046875, -0.10205078125, -0.91796875, 0.9140625, 0.373046875, -1.390625, -0.244140625, 1.1640625, -1.453125, -1.0078125, -0.6875, 0.5546875, 0.6484375, -0.51953125, -0.609375, -0.255859375, 0.09130859375, -0.640625, -0.6015625, 1, -0.51171875, -0.5625, -0.099609375, -0.91796875, -0.5546875, 1.1328125, 1.8203125, 0.2451171875, 2.03125, -0.328125, 1.4921875, -0.65234375, -0.140625, 0.498046875, -0.69921875, -0.4296875, -0.419921875, 1.3984375, 0.92578125, 0.341796875, -1.109375, 0.546875, 0.443359375, 1.21875, -1.796875, 0.77734375, 0.0390625, 0.12060546875, -0.40625, 0.349609375, -0.28125, 0.466796875, -0.2470703125, 0.71875, -0.10400390625, -0.1220703125, -0.396484375, 0.400390625, -0.455078125, 0.84765625, -1.0625, 0.115234375, 0.248046875, 0.84375, 0.439453125, 1.3046875, 0.53515625, 0.439453125, -0.390625, 0.0654296875, 0.138671875, -0.1103515625, 0.51171875, -0.9921875, -0.6328125, -0.4140625, 0.29296875, 0.4765625, 0.5078125, -0.0390625, -0.0986328125, 1.2265625, 0.58984375, -0.30859375, 0.220703125, 0.216796875, 1.3671875, -0.2255859375, 0.416015625, -0.6171875, 0.005218505859375, 0.53125, 0.35546875, -0.890625, 1.953125, 1.59375, 0.173828125, -0.053466796875, 0.3203125, -0.671875, -0.7890625, -0.23828125, 1.5, 0.271484375, 1.1953125, 0.578125, -0.3203125, -0.6796875, 0.33984375, -0.96484375, -0.5234375, -0.08251953125, -1.5234375, -1.03125, -0.2333984375, -0.625, -1.3984375, 0.49609375, 0.84765625, -0.2734375, 1.3671875, -1.0390625, 1.328125, 0.2001953125, -0.55859375, 0.2275390625, 0.1435546875, 1.234375, -0.75, 0.79296875, 1.4609375, -0.72265625, -0.2734375, -0.9140625, 0.5546875, -0.53515625, 0.00872802734375, -0.76171875, -0.640625, 1.3359375, -0.44140625, 2.125, 1.0390625, -1.234375, 0.314453125, -1.53125, 1.015625, -0.51171875, 0.65234375, -1.09375, -0.828125, -0.95703125, 0.77734375, 0.62109375, -0.08056640625, -0.353515625, 0.2294921875, 1.1640625, -0.126953125, -1.3046875, -0.11376953125, 1.4609375, -0.90234375, 0.73828125, 0.130859375, -2.15625, 0.78515625, 0.96484375, -0.91796875, -0.96875, -0.37109375, -0.298828125, -1.0859375, 0.140625, -0.240234375, -1.578125, -0.859375, -0.13671875, 0.060791015625, 0.263671875, -0.515625, -1.53125, -0.6875, -0.55078125, -0.8828125, 0.6015625, 0.6171875, -0.25390625, 2.078125, 0.310546875, 0.40234375, 0.13671875, 0.1416015625, 0.232421875, -0.453125, -0.62109375, -0.251953125, -0.21484375, 1.578125, -1.0703125, 1.03125, -0.67578125, -2.359375, 0.388671875, -0.57421875, 0.1494140625, 0.87890625, 0.06982421875, -0.466796875, 0.06396484375, 0.380859375, 0.7265625, 0.259765625, -0.19921875, -0.37890625, -0.46875, -2.046875, 0.0927734375, -0.953125, -0.98046875, -0.83984375, 1.890625, -0.57421875, -0.578125, 0.326171875, 0.033203125, 0.08740234375, -0.005126953125, 0.333984375, 0.53515625, 1.5625, 0.3828125, -1.2109375, 0.494140625, 0.1943359375, 0.703125, 0.05859375, -0.431640625, 1.2421875, 0.240234375, 0.1435546875, 0.07568359375, 0.66015625, 0.169921875, -1.3828125, 0.2412109375, -0.48046875, -0.314453125, 0.1611328125, 0.423828125, 0.55859375, 2.140625, -1.2890625, -0.328125, -1.765625, 0.8671875, 0.90234375, -0.1201171875, -0.234375, 0.08837890625, -0.73828125, 0.90234375, 0.5390625, -0.96484375, -1.1875, -0.88671875, -0.84765625, 0.70703125, 0.1220703125, -0.341796875, -0.6171875, 0.65234375, 1.015625, -1.3984375, -0.45703125, -0.90234375, -0.91015625, 1.8359375, 0.58984375, -0.8359375, -0.6015625, -0.498046875, 0.8984375, 1.84375, 0.03564453125, 0.69921875, 0.5078125, 0.482421875, -0.2060546875, 0.44921875, 1.4453125, 0.494140625, -1.0546875, -0.283203125, -0.06689453125, 0.43359375, 0.65625, 0.875, 0.279296875, 0.6015625, 0.2216796875, 0.2197265625, 1.765625, -2.25, -1.4375, 0.2275390625, 1.2109375, 0.39453125, -1.4453125, 0.87890625, 0.271484375, 0.1806640625, 0.048828125, 1.90625, -1.21875, 0.2119140625, 0.345703125, 0.1142578125, -0.6953125, -0.796875, -0.34375, -0.9375, -0.7265625, -1.2734375, -0.5703125, 0.41796875, 1.25, -0.07373046875, -0.031494140625, -1, 1.7734375, 0.006622314453125, 0.1728515625, 0.396484375, -1.8125, -0.466796875, 0.1416015625, -0.1884765625, -0.57421875, 0.79296875, -0.10009765625, -0.96875, 1.078125, 0.43359375, 1.2265625, 1.2578125, -0.625, -0.162109375, 0.30078125, 0.80859375, -1.09375, 0.65234375, -0.283203125, -1.1328125, 0.2734375, 1.1171875, -0.265625, -0.0123291015625, -0.451171875, 1.0703125, 0.201171875, -0.91796875, 0.44921875, 0.45703125, 1.1328125, -0.294921875, 0.263671875, -0.50390625, -0.51171875, 0.8671875, 0.578125, 0.1396484375, 0.4765625, -0.220703125, 0.8671875, -0.13671875, 1.28125, 0.10546875, 0.392578125, -1.2578125, 1.109375, -0.8046875, 0.9609375, -1.1328125, -0.9296875, 0.158203125, 0.34375, -0.0693359375, -0.55859375, -0.5546875, 1.5859375, 0.48828125, 2.484375, -0.1748046875, 0.25390625, 0.060546875, 1.328125, 1, -2.296875, 0.455078125, 0.275390625, -0.6953125, 0.408203125, 0.34765625, 0.1845703125, 0.66015625, 0.6875, 0.5546875, -0.05859375, -1.5703125, 0.2080078125, 1.265625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532080930
Toxicity of novel C‐terminal prion protein fragments and peptides harbouring disease‐related C‐terminal mutations
Mice expressing a C-terminal fragment of the prion protein instead of wild-type prion protein die from massive neuronal degeneration within weeks of birth. The C-terminal region of PrPc (PrP121-231) expressed in these mice has an intrinsic neurotoxicity to cultured neurones. Unlike PrPSc, which is not neurotoxic to neurones lacking PrPc expression, PrP121-231 was more neurotoxic to PrPc-deficient cells. Human mutations E200K and F198S were found to enhance toxicity of PrP121-231 to PrP-knockout neurones and E200K enhanced toxicity to wild-type neurones. The normal metabolic cleavage point of PrPc is approximately amino-acid residue 113. A fragment of PrPc corresponding to the whole C-terminus of PrPc (PrP113-231), which is eight amino acids longer than PrP121-231, lacked any toxicity. This suggests the first eight amino residues of PrP113-121 suppress toxicity of the toxic domain in PrP121-231. Addition to cultures of a peptide (PrP112-125) corresponding to this region, in parallel with PrP121-231, suppressed the toxicity of PrP121-231. These results suggest that the prion protein contains two domains that are toxic on their own but which neutralize each other's toxicity in the intact protein. Point mutations in the inherited forms of disease might have their effects by diminishing this inhibition.
[ 0.2197265625, 0.265625, 0.357421875, -0.1318359375, 1.0390625, 0.60546875, -0.98046875, 1.3046875, 0.39453125, -1.421875, -1.0390625, 0.66796875, 2.734375, -0.65234375, 0.98828125, 1.328125, -0.6171875, -0.1962890625, 0.58203125, 0.33984375, -0.1962890625, -0.400390625, -1.1640625, 0.875, 0.48828125, 0.41015625, -0.1259765625, -1.265625, -0.060546875, 2.46875, 0.87109375, 0.875, -1.53125, -0.93359375, 1.0625, -0.40234375, 1.2734375, 0.197265625, -0.36328125, 0.2021484375, -0.76953125, -1.4140625, 0.53515625, -1.015625, -0.96484375, 0.2197265625, -0.546875, -0.48046875, -1.1015625, -0.55859375, -0.74609375, 0.0091552734375, 0.9453125, 0.251953125, -0.51171875, 0.66015625, -1.203125, -0.2431640625, 1.265625, -1.3515625, -1.765625, -0.31640625, -0.2421875, 1.0703125, 1.078125, 0.89453125, 0.1015625, 0.390625, 0.85546875, -0.796875, 0.81640625, -1.3828125, -1.7578125, 0.3828125, -0.65234375, -0.34375, 0.314453125, 0.46484375, 0.7265625, 0.81640625, -0.6875, -0.349609375, 0.2109375, 0.0458984375, 0.64453125, 2.140625, -0.4140625, 1.6796875, 0.2109375, 1.5078125, -1.0859375, -0.267578125, -1.0390625, 0.81640625, -0.50390625, -0.326171875, 0.341796875, -0.314453125, -0.047607421875, 1.1328125, 0.81640625, -0.2041015625, 0.0169677734375, -0.61328125, -0.1357421875, 0.23828125, -1.484375, -0.94921875, 0.2578125, 0.2490234375, -0.94140625, -0.9296875, -0.0016632080078125, -0.1591796875, 0.263671875, -0.2890625, -1.34375, 0.61328125, -0.08251953125, -0.68359375, 1.2578125, 0.024169921875, 0.2578125, 0.177734375, 0.91015625, 0.94921875, -0.4375, 0.70703125, -0.08447265625, -1.6328125, 1.9765625, 1.8515625, -0.388671875, 0.56640625, -0.212890625, -0.8359375, 0.66015625, 0.9296875, 0.26171875, -0.828125, 0.15625, 1.6640625, -0.248046875, -1.4296875, -0.443359375, -1.046875, -0.31640625, 0.306640625, 0.9453125, 0.69921875, -1.5625, -0.1591796875, 0.28125, 1.484375, 0.322265625, -0.220703125, -0.08837890625, 1.6953125, 0.74609375, 0.125, -0.79296875, -2.546875, 0.40625, -0.267578125, -0.7578125, 0.369140625, -0.06689453125, 0.443359375, -0.6640625, -0.7734375, -0.9921875, -0.9921875, 0.302734375, 0.71875, 0.796875, -2.015625, -0.353515625, 1.3203125, 0.158203125, -0.48828125, -0.87890625, 2.078125, -0.2021484375, 0.451171875, 0.267578125, 1.390625, -0.36328125, -0.9921875, 0.06396484375, 1.21875, 0.244140625, -2.375, -1.75, 0.953125, -0.2197265625, -0.65625, 1.03125, 0.84765625, -0.6015625, -0.6953125, -1.0390625, -0.412109375, -0.162109375, -0.2451171875, 0.29296875, 0.08203125, -0.306640625, 1.578125, 1.015625, 1.6328125, -1.3125, -1.2578125, -0.07177734375, -0.57421875, -0.98046875, 0.06787109375, -0.80859375, 0.27734375, 0.8828125, -0.6875, 0.75390625, 0.76953125, 1.4375, -0.3359375, -0.1982421875, -2.09375, 0.2470703125, 1.1171875, -0.2333984375, 1.1484375, -0.193359375, -0.4453125, -0.166015625, -0.0140380859375, 0.0286865234375, 0.55859375, 0.251953125, -0.7265625, 0.66796875, -0.080078125, 0.3828125, 0.9609375, 0.01507568359375, 1.9296875, 0.408203125, 0.04443359375, 0.22265625, -1.3515625, -0.53125, 1.3828125, 0.796875, -0.2021484375, -0.52734375, -0.19140625, -0.76171875, 0.4296875, -0.64453125, -0.6171875, 0.00592041015625, -0.10888671875, -0.408203125, -0.5078125, -0.1376953125, -0.60546875, -0.96484375, 0.478515625, -0.404296875, -0.38671875, -0.96484375, -0.0732421875, -0.27734375, -0.54296875, -0.546875, -0.9140625, 0.2041015625, 0.95703125, 0.2578125, -0.318359375, -0.8515625, -1.0625, -0.2490234375, 0.5, -0.84375, -1.7578125, 0.06396484375, 0.5078125, 0.734375, -0.1787109375, 0.28515625, -1.1015625, -0.61328125, 0.028564453125, -1.0234375, 1.1015625, 0.66015625, -1.1875, 1.390625, 2.953125, 1.703125, -0.150390625, 1.21875, 0.48046875, -0.578125, -0.703125, 1.5859375, -1.0234375, 0.314453125, -1.578125, 0.99609375, 1.0546875, 1.46875, 0.1640625, -0.87890625, -0.138671875, 0.67578125, 1.6796875, -0.62109375, -1.046875, 0.72265625, -0.78125, 0.33203125, 1.5859375, -0.69140625, 0.7734375, -0.5625, -0.93359375, 0.0986328125, 0.1416015625, -0.9296875, 0.62890625, -1.8125, -0.4375, 1.5078125, -0.1806640625, -0.03466796875, 0.2255859375, -0.171875, -1.6484375, 1.2578125, -1.4296875, 0.8203125, -1.03125, -1.53125, -1.7578125, 0.9140625, -0.26953125, -0.6953125, 0.283203125, -0.353515625, -0.72265625, -0.6171875, 1.4296875, 0.6484375, 0.130859375, -0.0264892578125, 0.35546875, 0.546875, 0.1806640625, 0.28125, -1.2421875, 0.3359375, 0.068359375, -0.498046875, 0.40625, 0.92578125, -0.31640625, 1.828125, -0.37109375, 0.8671875, -0.99609375, 0.703125, -0.76171875, -1.328125, -0.4609375, 0.64453125, 0.90234375, -0.82421875, -2.09375, -0.62890625, 1.8984375, -0.291015625, 0.6171875, -0.1591796875, 0.99609375, 1.796875, 1.1328125, 0.5859375, 0.6796875, -0.2451171875, 1.09375, 0.498046875, -0.1171875, -1.5703125, -0.158203125, 0.68359375, 0.5390625, -0.5, 0.78125, -0.78125, -2.359375, 1.375, 0.71875, 1.6875, 0.0634765625, -1.2109375, 0.2578125, -0.49609375, -0.12060546875, 0.0311279296875, 0.515625, -1.2109375, 0.84765625, -1.453125, -0.67578125, 0.25390625, 1.0703125, 1.0703125, -0.2060546875, 0.126953125, -0.0498046875, 1.2734375, -1.2265625, -0.2734375, -0.490234375, 1.078125, 0.09326171875, -0.107421875, 0.3359375, -0.95703125, 0.208984375, -0.400390625, 0.306640625, -0.1806640625, -1.453125, 0.6953125, 0.259765625, 0.6328125, -0.5078125, -1.375, 0.92578125, 0.6796875, 0.306640625, 0.98828125, -0.58203125, 0.69921875, 0.9140625, -0.21484375, 0.291015625, 1.15625, 0.5078125, 0.2470703125, -1.03125, -1.5625, -0.337890625, -0.201171875, 0.0888671875, -1.015625, 0.2109375, 0.89453125, -0.458984375, -0.345703125, 0.06591796875, -0.306640625, 0.5703125, 1.296875, -0.2412109375, -0.62890625, 0.60546875, -1.015625, 1.46875, 0.5234375, -0.65625, -0.08984375, -0.23046875, -1.0234375, -0.0908203125, 0.2001953125, -0.169921875, -0.1318359375, 0.41015625, 0.8671875, -0.095703125, -0.51171875, 0.1962890625, 0.65625, 0.283203125, -0.984375, -0.8046875, -0.91796875, -0.28125, 0.33984375, 0.486328125, 0.046142578125, 0.0093994140625, 0.6953125, 1.796875, -0.1943359375, -0.88671875, -1.25, -0.212890625, 1.21875, -2.296875, -2.609375, 0.12060546875, 0.3515625, -0.408203125, 0.23828125, 0.018798828125, -1.75, 0.345703125, 1.8984375, 1.984375, -1.203125, -0.6484375, -0.52734375, 1.2578125, 0.9140625, -0.388671875, -0.06201171875, -0.96875, -0.1318359375, 0.1904296875, 0.0196533203125, 0.66015625, 0.625, -0.03125, 1.9140625, -0.58984375, 0.000957489013671875, -1.5546875, -0.52734375, -0.45703125, 0.390625, 1.1953125, -1.1171875, -0.3515625, 0.2001953125, 1.1640625, 0.349609375, -0.6640625, -0.625, -0.2265625, -0.8203125, -0.55859375, 0.3046875, 0.64453125, 0.80078125, 0.95703125, -0.91796875, 0.8515625, -0.419921875, 0.20703125, -0.9140625, -0.26171875, -1.15625, 1.625, -0.328125, -0.9453125, -0.2099609375, -0.1513671875, 0.71484375, -1.5546875, -1.2109375, 0.1083984375, 1.1015625, 0.515625, -0.5703125, -0.3125, 1.0390625, 0.68359375, 0.59375, -1.078125, 0.07177734375, 1.109375, 0.65625, -0.283203125, -1.171875, -0.33984375, -0.69140625, -0.78515625, 0.1484375, -0.078125, -0.83203125, -0.48046875, -0.412109375, -0.087890625, 1.7421875, -0.3125, 1.625, -0.68359375, -0.279296875, -0.9140625, 0.6875, 1.1875, -0.4765625, 0.8203125, 0.36328125, 1.40625, -0.030029296875, 0.416015625, -0.482421875, 0.455078125, 0.455078125, -0.66015625, 0.28125, 0.08203125, -0.279296875, 0.208984375, 0.1435546875, 0.66796875, -0.5546875, -0.87109375, -0.1318359375, 0.4375, -1.453125, 0.06640625, 1.0546875, -1.8984375, 0.1259765625, 0.162109375, -0.26171875, -0.328125, 0.53125, 1.4609375, -0.2138671875, -0.490234375, -0.28515625, 0.1875, 1.6015625, 1.1484375, -1.3359375, 0.80859375, 0.328125, -0.50390625, -0.2216796875, -0.828125, -1.2734375, 1.8515625, 1.4609375, 0.0625, 0.56640625, 0.04736328125, 0.3046875, 0.93359375, 0.765625, 0.1669921875, -0.8515625, -0.94921875, 0.60546875, 1.0546875, 0.400390625, 0.421875, -0.79296875, 1.2578125, -1.765625, 1.7109375, -1.7421875, 0.11083984375, -0.8515625, -0.54296875, -0.2451171875, 0.61328125, -0.1640625, -0.34375, -0.2734375, 1.125, 0.28125, 0.046875, -0.640625, 0.0030975341796875, -1.21875, 1.234375, 0.421875, 0.8515625, -1.1171875, 1.046875, 0.82421875, 0.2578125, -1.1484375, 0.08642578125, 0.490234375, 0.345703125, 0.203125, 1.2890625, 0.2734375, -0.2021484375, -0.4296875, 0.1611328125, 0.58984375, 0.9375, -1.0390625, 0.13671875, 1.640625, 1.546875, 1.7734375, -0.546875, -0.00714111328125, 1.03125, -0.11572265625, -0.66015625, 0.421875, 0.427734375, 0.71484375, 0.330078125, -0.138671875, -0.099609375, 1.0078125, 1.0390625, -0.041015625, 0.146484375, -0.5390625, -1.1171875, -1.1875, 0.2265625, 0.84375, 1.453125, -0.80859375, 0.7578125, -0.9296875, -0.30078125, 0.275390625, -0.125, -0.010986328125, 0.40625, -0.7421875, -0.9296875, 0.26953125, 0.60546875, 0.318359375, 0.380859375, 0.0234375, -1.1171875, 1.90625, -0.953125, 1.3046875, -0.83203125, -0.353515625, 0.458984375, 0.8359375, 1.6796875, -0.61328125, 0.365234375, 0.388671875, -0.26953125, 0.93359375, 0.4921875, 0.255859375, -2.359375, -0.447265625, -0.34375, -0.0159912109375, 0.2265625, 0.50390625, 1.2890625, 0.84765625, -0.87109375, -0.671875, -0.6875, 0.2119140625, -0.271484375, 1.171875, -1.3984375, -0.02685546875, -1.828125, 0.6953125, 0.73828125, -0.671875, -1, 0.275390625, 1.203125, -0.97265625, -1.6171875, -0.365234375, 0.51953125, -1.1875, 0.302734375, -0.59375, -1.8125, 1.8984375, 0.73046875, -0.5546875, 0.1748046875, 0.65625, 1.1015625, -1.4609375, 0.0859375, 0.5859375, 0.474609375, -1.1875, -0.1982421875, -1.4296875, 0.9296875, -0.14453125, -0.08544921875, -0.66796875, -0.029296875, -0.21875, -0.451171875, 0.2138671875, -0.345703125, 0.67578125, 0.6484375, -0.6015625, -0.2470703125, -1.6171875, 2.140625, 0.388671875, -0.859375, -0.25, 0.65625, 0.138671875, -1.5, 0.349609375, 0.73828125, -2.5, 0.640625, 0.796875, -0.03369140625, 1.546875, 1.3671875, -0.49609375, 0.466796875, -0.58984375, 0.314453125, -0.66796875, 0.318359375, 0.115234375, 0.1494140625, -1.578125, 1.0234375, -2.96875, -0.64453125, -1.1328125, 0.09619140625, 0.314453125, 0.396484375, 0.91796875, 1.03125, 0.59765625, -0.263671875, 0.8515625, 0.8828125, 1.25, 1.125, -0.8671875, 0.92578125, 0.63671875, 0.546875, 1.2265625, -1.421875, 0.62109375, -0.8125, 0.69921875, -0.33984375, -0.46875, -0.08056640625, -1.1171875, 1.09375, 0.0128173828125, 0.333984375, 0.53125, -0.294921875, 0.8828125, 1.8671875, 0.46484375, -0.828125, 0.0179443359375, -0.1796875, -0.84375, 1.1640625, 0.1669921875, 0.81640625, 0.75, 0.01324462890625, 0.345703125, 0.0654296875, -0.92578125, 0.69140625, 0.259765625, 2.3125, 0.453125, -0.01153564453125, -1.796875, -0.08251953125, 0.58203125, -1.015625, -0.2255859375, -0.546875, 0.2734375, 0.29296875, 0.640625, -0.703125, -0.87890625, -0.06884765625, 0.51171875, 0.2021484375, 0.28125, 0.4375, -0.1826171875, 1, -0.490234375, -0.890625, -0.1787109375, 0.5078125, -1.1640625, 0.1328125, -0.61328125, -0.6875, 0.765625, 0.39453125, -0.291015625, 1.4140625, 1.2578125, -0.6171875, 1.171875, -1.375, 0.49609375, 0.69921875, 0.5546875, 0.169921875, -0.63671875, 0.306640625, -1.0859375, 0.486328125, 2.140625, 1.7265625, -0.54296875, -0.2216796875, -0.369140625, 0.0240478515625, 0.58984375, -0.37890625, 0.56640625, 0.11767578125, -0.08056640625, -1.203125, 0.78515625, -1.0546875, 1.265625, -0.51171875, 0.255859375, -0.2451171875, -0.349609375, -0.57421875, 0.46875, 0.2431640625, -0.412109375, 0.24609375, -0.73046875, 0.8828125, -0.6796875, 0.051513671875, 1.171875, 0.25, 1.609375, -0.1494140625, -0.671875, 1.328125, 0.25390625, -0.2265625, -0.4140625, 0.90234375, -1.984375, 1.125, 0.96875, -1.328125, 1.59375, 1.109375, 0.4140625, 0.91796875, -1.59375, 1.2265625, -0.68359375, -0.046142578125, -0.97265625, 0.287109375, 0.306640625, 0.58984375, -0.318359375, -0.8203125, 1.421875, 0.6875, 1.6484375, 0.06640625, 1.3203125, -0.318359375, 0.59765625, 0.447265625, 0.8984375, -0.1630859375, 0.53125, -1.0859375, -0.267578125, 0.0277099609375, -0.19921875, -0.30078125, -0.5625, -0.83984375, -0.33984375, -0.95703125, -0.361328125, -0.55859375, 2.1875, 2.046875, 1.390625, 0.326171875, 1.75, 0.8203125, 0.58984375, 0.01416015625, -1.2265625, -0.298828125, 0.01300048828125, -1.1953125, 0.1455078125, 1.0078125, 1.1796875, 1.015625, 0.5546875, -0.5859375, -0.3515625, -0.87890625, -1.6875, 1.84375 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532095402
The Administrative and Educational Functions in Supervision:
The purpose of the study was to examine the compatibility of the administrative and the educational supervisory functions. Social work supervisors who perform both the admininistrative and the educational function were compared to those whose function is almost entirely educational, as regards role conflict and ambiguity. Higher role conflicts experienced by the first group led to the conclusion that the administrative and the educational functions are basically incompatible. For better performance of these important functions, the authors recommend their separation.
[ -0.026123046875, 0.068359375, 0.1953125, -0.0283203125, -0.341796875, -1.4765625, -1.2734375, 0.3203125, 1.359375, -0.083984375, -1.4296875, 1.34375, 2.046875, -1.3515625, 1.8046875, 1.6796875, -1.59375, -0.71875, -0.79296875, -1.1953125, -0.9921875, -0.080078125, -2.71875, 1.375, 0.6953125, 0.0234375, 1.1015625, -1.0078125, 0.04443359375, 0.2158203125, 1.6015625, 0.30078125, -1.109375, -0.314453125, 0.404296875, 0.263671875, 1.640625, 1.765625, -2.390625, 2.1875, 3, -0.67578125, 0.6796875, -0.439453125, -0.2080078125, 1.96875, -1.1015625, -0.9765625, -1.6328125, -0.279296875, 0.54296875, 0.07666015625, 0.73046875, -0.609375, -1.5, 0.31640625, 0.44921875, -0.005462646484375, 0.6171875, 0.90234375, 0.000762939453125, -2.0625, 0.035888671875, -0.259765625, -0.20703125, -1.8828125, 0.23046875, -0.330078125, -0.73828125, 0.1923828125, -1.09375, 2.359375, -0.10986328125, -0.51953125, 0.30859375, 0.302734375, 0.1748046875, -0.640625, -0.34375, -0.056396484375, 1.703125, 0.1162109375, -0.75, 0.58984375, -1.7265625, 1.4921875, 0.265625, 1.2421875, 0.32421875, 1.4296875, 1.046875, 0.640625, -0.0003910064697265625, -0.6953125, -0.3203125, -0.341796875, 0.87109375, 0.337890625, -1.2734375, -0.474609375, -1.5625, -0.234375, 0.054931640625, 1.015625, -0.08349609375, 1.171875, -0.9921875, -0.267578125, -0.94921875, -1.21875, 0.7109375, 0.65234375, 0.37109375, 0.369140625, 1.765625, -0.2392578125, -1.4765625, 0.62890625, 0.037841796875, -0.74609375, 1.25, -0.9296875, 0.000843048095703125, 0.6328125, 0.85546875, 1.109375, 1.1015625, 0.875, -0.2158203125, -0.78125, -0.400390625, 1.6796875, 0.33203125, 0.408203125, 0.7890625, -0.4921875, 1.4453125, 1.421875, 1.7890625, -1.140625, 0.53125, 0.7890625, 0.95703125, -1.8359375, -0.71484375, 1.2890625, 1.6171875, -0.2109375, -1.5390625, 0.875, 1.5546875, -0.625, -1, 2.515625, 0.51953125, 0.12109375, 0.318359375, 3.390625, -0.1982421875, -2.234375, -1.96875, -0.01055908203125, 3.15625, 1.15625, -0.75390625, -0.7890625, -1.0546875, -2.09375, 1.2109375, -0.11328125, -0.67578125, 2.4375, 0.7734375, 0.2001953125, 0.93359375, -0.25390625, -1.1328125, 1.9453125, 0.27734375, 0.953125, 0.07080078125, 0.24609375, 0.9453125, -0.765625, 0.451171875, -0.7734375, -0.1728515625, 0.185546875, -1.6015625, 1.4453125, -0.11181640625, -0.162109375, 0.21484375, 1.59375, 1.0703125, -0.1435546875, -0.201171875, 0.2490234375, 1.75, 0.83203125, -2.5625, -0.083984375, 0.1298828125, -0.1640625, 1.578125, 1.6640625, 0.875, 1.3203125, 1.0859375, 2.875, 1.3671875, 0.34375, -0.7890625, 0.330078125, -0.1953125, -0.96875, -0.1943359375, 2.53125, 0.828125, 0.56640625, 1.2265625, 1.125, 1.1796875, 0.8671875, 1.265625, -0.72265625, 0.53125, 0.609375, -0.9140625, 0.92578125, -0.6328125, -0.29296875, -0.10986328125, -1.375, -2.921875, -0.94140625, -0.67578125, 1.125, 0.734375, -1.828125, 0.13671875, -1.21875, 1.2265625, 2.515625, 1.5078125, 0.216796875, -0.05615234375, -2.515625, -0.34375, -0.498046875, 1.0859375, 0.19140625, 0.2236328125, -0.228515625, -1.0390625, 1.0859375, -0.060791015625, 1.5390625, 0.6875, -0.267578125, -0.265625, 1.46875, -0.57421875, 0.1806640625, -1.1171875, -1.171875, -1.0625, 2.359375, -1.40625, 0.07470703125, 1.2109375, -1.8359375, -0.86328125, 0.69921875, -0.765625, -0.11962890625, -1.015625, -1.8984375, -0.82421875, -0.7265625, -0.03857421875, -2.421875, -1.5390625, 0.078125, -0.07666015625, 1.03125, 1.5390625, -0.341796875, -2.28125, -1.375, 0.75390625, -1.6484375, -1.0234375, -0.71875, -0.83203125, -1.0078125, -1.75, 0.796875, 1.4765625, 0.9609375, 1.65625, 1.6328125, -0.9765625, 0.470703125, 2.015625, 0.8671875, -2.765625, -0.72265625, 0.98828125, -1.1640625, -2.203125, 0.890625, -0.6484375, 0.298828125, 0.62890625, 1.7421875, -1.6953125, -1.234375, 1.4609375, -0.3984375, 3.09375, 0.8828125, -0.578125, 0.234375, 1.7265625, -1.96875, -1.7421875, -1.453125, -1.828125, 0.64453125, -0.10546875, 0.6171875, 0.189453125, 0.275390625, -1.2578125, 1.0546875, 0.58203125, -0.98828125, 2.53125, 0.265625, 1.515625, -0.90234375, -2.4375, -0.609375, -1.1171875, 0.06396484375, 0.41796875, -1.5234375, 1.796875, -0.90234375, 0.9140625, -0.294921875, 1.5859375, -0.69921875, 0.267578125, 0.201171875, 0.7890625, -0.54296875, -1.25, -0.263671875, 2.203125, 0.875, -0.59375, 1.390625, 1.7265625, 1.0625, -0.6328125, 0.035400390625, 0.75, -2.546875, 2.9375, -0.458984375, 0.59765625, 1.1640625, 1.5234375, -0.94140625, -0.038330078125, -0.671875, 1.1953125, 1.875, -0.7890625, -0.74609375, -1.6171875, 0.13671875, -1.109375, 1.671875, 0.28125, -0.294921875, 2.34375, 1.1875, 0.97265625, 0.40234375, -1.453125, -0.06005859375, -0.3984375, 0.78125, 0.498046875, -0.671875, -0.84765625, -0.326171875, 0.98828125, 0.259765625, 0.228515625, -1.546875, 0.74609375, 0.9765625, -0.427734375, -0.65625, -0.69140625, 0.72265625, 0.79296875, 0.56640625, -1.15625, 0.77734375, 1.7734375, 0.4453125, 0.0986328125, 0.796875, 0.60546875, -1.3984375, -1.515625, 0.3828125, 0.51171875, 0.65234375, 1.1953125, -0.208984375, -0.1396484375, 0.671875, -1.703125, 0.5859375, 1.046875, -0.21484375, -0.431640625, -1.0859375, -1.4765625, 0.5546875, 1.53125, 2.046875, -2.90625, -1.046875, 0.72265625, -0.61328125, -0.7734375, -0.62890625, 1.2890625, -0.482421875, 0.1611328125, 0.671875, 0.71875, 2.5625, -0.21484375, -0.48046875, -1.2109375, -1.3046875, 0.330078125, -1.2890625, -0.49609375, -0.2734375, -1.4921875, 1.6796875, -0.67578125, -2.359375, -0.2177734375, -0.478515625, 2.40625, -0.045654296875, -0.298828125, 0.39453125, -0.12255859375, 1.078125, -0.6953125, 0.88671875, -2.453125, -0.265625, 0.51171875, 0.01025390625, 0.59375, 0.453125, -0.66796875, 0.8828125, 2.0625, 0.388671875, -0.6328125, 1.359375, -0.84765625, 2.09375, -0.80078125, 0.62890625, 1.328125, 1.09375, 0.1513671875, 0.234375, -0.08203125, -2.078125, 2.921875, 0.439453125, 0.453125, 2.109375, 0.66015625, 1.0703125, -2.40625, -1.9375, -0.7265625, 0.10986328125, -0.048095703125, 1.40625, 0.921875, 1.7421875, -0.91015625, 0.703125, 2.1875, 0.515625, -1.7265625, -1.28125, 0.67578125, 0.765625, 1.28125, 1.0859375, -0.48046875, -0.81640625, 0.84375, -0.486328125, -1.1171875, 0.0703125, -0.5078125, 2.09375, 2.515625, 0.1484375, 1.171875, -0.031982421875, 1.1015625, -0.16015625, 1.2890625, 0.09912109375, -0.671875, -1.203125, 1.6484375, -2.953125, 1.0703125, 0.546875, -1.265625, 1.1953125, -1.3203125, -0.56640625, 0.490234375, 0.412109375, -1.625, 0.5859375, -1.296875, 1.7109375, -0.337890625, 0.050048828125, -1.1484375, 0.010986328125, 0.107421875, 0.4921875, 0.474609375, 0.1513671875, 0.1669921875, -1.25, 0.64453125, 0.0634765625, 0.08740234375, 0.07666015625, 0.30078125, 0.6328125, 0.765625, -2.421875, -0.447265625, -0.287109375, -0.326171875, -0.80859375, 1.125, 2.03125, 3.890625, -2.3125, 0.10498046875, -0.7578125, -0.515625, -0.52734375, 1.609375, 1.03125, -1.3671875, 1.1640625, -0.69921875, 1.046875, 1.3828125, 1.359375, -0.84765625, 0.66015625, -0.2578125, -1.015625, 1.4140625, -0.058837890625, 0.70703125, 2.9375, -0.16015625, 2.546875, -1.0703125, -0.1455078125, -0.5546875, 2.109375, 0.21875, 1.515625, -2.390625, 0.6640625, 0.2119140625, 0.546875, -0.03466796875, 1.5546875, 0.63671875, -0.72265625, 0.271484375, 1.1640625, 0.1484375, 0.88671875, 0.97265625, -1.15625, -0.25, -1.5703125, -0.62109375, -0.6640625, 1.1796875, 0.75390625, 0.1552734375, -0.875, -0.66015625, -2.5625, 1.7109375, 1.3515625, 1.40625, 0.294921875, -0.64453125, -1.25, 0.67578125, 0.0791015625, -0.79296875, -0.609375, 2.53125, -1, 1.296875, -1.2421875, 0.10986328125, 0.5546875, 0.59765625, 1.125, -1.96875, 0.59375, 0.8359375, 1.2109375, -1.5625, 0.1201171875, 1.0703125, -0.1044921875, -0.66015625, -1.1796875, -1.6328125, -0.91015625, -0.41796875, -0.62109375, 1.015625, 1.296875, -0.42578125, -1.171875, -0.58984375, 0.63671875, -1.390625, -2.46875, -0.6328125, 0.46484375, 0.1865234375, -1.40625, -1.15625, 0.9921875, -0.9140625, 1.828125, 0.57421875, 4.34375, 0.98828125, 0.7734375, 0.66796875, 0.16796875, -2.6875, -0.068359375, 1.890625, -0.2294921875, 0.9609375, 0.8828125, 0.236328125, 1.6640625, 0.3828125, -0.5625, 3.140625, -0.51171875, 0.050048828125, 1.1484375, 0.049560546875, -1.09375, 0.51953125, -0.068359375, 0.1728515625, -2.03125, -0.04541015625, 0.54296875, -0.9140625, 0.75, 0.498046875, 1, -0.1953125, -0.53125, -0.06640625, 0.32421875, -1.96875, 1.875, 1.203125, 0.39453125, 0.05517578125, -0.482421875, -1.6875, -0.6328125, -0.361328125, 2.125, 2.046875, -0.9921875, -0.9609375, 0.341796875, -0.734375, 1.90625, 0.09326171875, -0.39453125, -1.1171875, -1.8046875, 0.6796875, -1.3046875, -0.1884765625, 1.8046875, -0.93359375, -0.05419921875, 1.1015625, -0.2177734375, -3.03125, 0.32421875, -0.423828125, 1.078125, 0.85546875, -1.84375, -0.64453125, -2.484375, 0.875, 1.1015625, 1.4765625, 0.35546875, -0.2294921875, -0.90625, -0.66796875, -1.9375, -1.96875, -0.01171875, 0.376953125, -0.443359375, -0.65625, -0.375, 2.609375, 0.70703125, -0.5546875, 2.109375, 0.28515625, 0.05908203125, -0.58984375, 1.3515625, -1.359375, -3.671875, 1.1796875, 1.15625, 0.2255859375, 1.2578125, 0.1884765625, -1.578125, -0.259765625, 0.8828125, -2.703125, 0.205078125, -0.84375, 1.0625, -0.1953125, 0.265625, 0.57421875, 1.3203125, -0.609375, -2.390625, -0.82421875, 0.75390625, 0.314453125, -1.1171875, 0.09814453125, -0.443359375, 0.80859375, -1.484375, 0.78515625, 2.15625, 1.6640625, -1.890625, -0.201171875, -0.9375, -0.27734375, 0.1083984375, 0.2578125, 1.109375, -0.83984375, 1.0546875, 0.484375, -0.216796875, 1.546875, -0.625, 0.5390625, -0.126953125, 0.1953125, -0.9921875, -0.84375, 0.8125, -0.703125, -0.6640625, 0.515625, 0.76171875, -0.2255859375, 0.5078125, -0.85546875, -0.357421875, -1.5703125, 0.44921875, -0.7578125, 0.5, -0.30859375, -0.68359375, 0.1640625, -0.1611328125, 0.1328125, 1.546875, -0.73046875, -0.21875, 1.7734375, 0.98046875, 3.234375, 1.1015625, -0.05126953125, -1.0390625, -3.375, -1.171875, -1.015625, -0.1884765625, 0.29296875, 0.057861328125, 1.921875, -1.28125, -0.0966796875, -0.62890625, 0.859375, 0.9765625, -0.59375, -0.14453125, 1.046875, 0.875, 1.5234375, 1.7890625, -0.328125, 0.859375, -0.037109375, -0.85546875, 0.69921875, 0.16015625, -2.734375, 0.92578125, -1.859375, 1.71875, 1.84375, 0.08349609375, -1.09375, 0.060302734375, 0.17578125, 2.140625, -1.0625, -0.12890625, -0.703125, 0.7890625, 0.302734375, -0.92578125, 1.015625, 0.67578125, 0.37890625, 0.2041015625, 2.078125, 0.8671875, 0.251953125, -1.3046875, -2.3125, 0.31640625, -1.03125, 1.6015625, -1.6171875, 0.26953125, 0.4375, -1.109375, 0.076171875, 1.4375, -1.6796875, 0.01129150390625, -0.1669921875, -0.43359375, -1.765625, 1.7890625, -1.609375, 0.81640625, 1.2109375, 0.59375, 0.9140625, 0.6328125, 0.205078125, 0.63671875, 0.9375, 0.28515625, 0.515625, 0.7890625, 0.10400390625, 0.2490234375, -0.703125, 0.69140625, -0.6953125, 1.953125, -1.4609375, 0.75390625, -0.86328125, -0.2109375, -1.1171875, 0.30078125, -2.53125, -0.90234375, -0.8671875, 0.5859375, 0.337890625, -2.484375, 2.859375, 0.37890625, -0.0174560546875, -0.1572265625, -1.40625, 0.455078125, -0.4609375, -0.1630859375, -1, 1.3046875, 1.15625, -0.439453125, -1.875, -1.0859375, 1.171875, 0.0693359375, 1.546875, -1.0390625, -0.6015625, -0.0291748046875, 1.578125, -0.189453125, -2.03125, 0.462890625, 1.5625, -0.2470703125, 0.44921875, 0.0634765625, 1.4140625, 0.82421875, -1.3828125, -0.337890625, -1.0625, 1.125, 1.96875, 2.28125, -1.71875, -1.8359375, -0.6171875, 0.9765625, 0.15234375, -0.69921875, 0.87109375, 0.94921875, 0.8828125, 0.5625, 0.25, -0.388671875, 1.78125, 0.267578125, 1.3359375, -0.03369140625, -0.984375, -1.3359375, -0.05419921875, 2.21875, -0.3671875, -0.1328125, -1.09375, -0.84375, -0.57421875, -1.2265625, 2.359375, 0.734375, 2.921875, -1.0390625, -0.4140625, 0.5390625, 1.0703125, -0.6328125, -2.015625, 0.365234375, 0.953125, -0.470703125, -0.63671875, 0.97265625, -0.33203125, 2.453125, 0.6640625, 0.91015625, -1.28125, -0.546875, 0.302734375, 1.140625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532119175
Bioengineering and subjective approaches to the clinical evaluation of dry skin
Synopsis Dry skin (also known as xerosis) is a cutaneous reaction pattern indicative of abnormal desquamation, which has not only cosmetic considerations, but can also lead to the penetration of irritants and allergens through the stratum corneum (SC). Over the last few decades, our understanding of the structure, composition, formation and function of the SC has advanced tremendously; however, despite these advancements, the occurrence of dry skin remains prevalent in the adult population. The clinical evaluation of dry skin is therefore of significant importance to the cosmetic industry not only for understanding the condition but also for measuring the effects of treatment. Traditionally, dry skin has been evaluated by visual inspection, however, recently a variety of bioengineering techniques have emerged enabling the investigator to objectively assess the extent of xerotic conditions. The most frequently employed methods for the evaluation of dry skin are discussed in this review, including regression testing, squametry, measurement of transepidermal water loss, epidermal hydration, profilometry, confocal Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, in vivo confocal microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging.
[ -0.6640625, -0.546875, 0.921875, -0.2275390625, 0.486328125, -0.52734375, -3.34375, 2.5625, -0.9453125, 0.84765625, -0.59375, 0.53125, 0.69140625, -0.5390625, -1.2109375, 0.2158203125, 0.115234375, -1.4140625, -1.4609375, -1.6328125, -1.5234375, -0.828125, -2.46875, -0.96875, 0.1640625, 0.5234375, -0.33203125, -0.2001953125, -0.7109375, 1.3515625, 0.00811767578125, 1.3203125, -2.1875, -0.76953125, 1.2578125, 0.27734375, -0.392578125, 1.4765625, 0.486328125, -1.3125, 1.609375, -2.03125, 2.34375, 0.318359375, -0.5390625, 0.0986328125, -0.42578125, -0.546875, -0.376953125, -2.5625, -0.97265625, -1.875, 1.40625, 0.51953125, -0.76953125, 0.625, -1.1875, 0.140625, 0.431640625, -0.02685546875, -0.62890625, -0.58984375, 1.7578125, 0.06787109375, 0.439453125, -2.09375, 0.51953125, 0.93359375, -1.3203125, -0.796875, 1.046875, 0.890625, -0.072265625, 0.1962890625, 1.125, 0.99609375, -0.84375, 0.267578125, 0.74609375, 0.90625, 1.7578125, 0.71484375, -1.15625, 1.40625, -1.28125, 2.734375, 1.5546875, 1.8046875, 0.474609375, 1.328125, -0.5390625, 1.859375, -0.486328125, 0.37109375, -1.09375, -2.265625, -0.150390625, -0.04345703125, -0.53125, 1.140625, 0.34375, -0.45703125, -0.12890625, -0.15234375, -1.1328125, 2.15625, -0.58984375, 0.8984375, -0.6953125, 0.75390625, -0.19921875, 1.546875, -1.2265625, -0.7578125, -0.1923828125, 0.703125, -0.79296875, -0.6328125, 0.96484375, 0.478515625, 0.193359375, -3.734375, 0.421875, -0.578125, 0.12255859375, 1.6484375, -1.09375, -1.296875, -1.2734375, -2.453125, -0.474609375, 0.30078125, -1.9140625, 0.609375, 1.1484375, -0.609375, 0.060791015625, 0.72265625, 0.34375, 0.375, -0.484375, 2.328125, -0.3515625, -0.1767578125, -1.359375, -0.609375, 1.9609375, 0.703125, -1.359375, 0.09033203125, -0.69921875, 0.5859375, -0.66015625, 1.4765625, 1.703125, 0.1689453125, 0.4296875, 0.6875, 0.07421875, 1.203125, -0.291015625, -1.2734375, 0.83203125, 0.361328125, 0.1416015625, -0.228515625, -1.328125, -0.65625, 1.109375, -0.60546875, -0.5703125, -0.416015625, 1.3359375, -0.466796875, 0.67578125, -1.09375, -0.91796875, -0.90234375, 2.921875, -0.94140625, 0.470703125, 2.234375, -1.21875, -1.296875, 1.2109375, 1.6171875, -0.328125, -0.69921875, -0.1513671875, 1.09375, 0.68359375, -1.046875, -0.74609375, 1.015625, -0.2119140625, -0.3828125, 0.251953125, 1.875, -0.1318359375, -1.1484375, -1.671875, -1.1015625, 0.53125, -1.2109375, -0.609375, 1.34375, -0.0361328125, -0.0849609375, 1.9765625, 1.6484375, -0.30859375, -1.625, -0.474609375, 0.2119140625, -1.65625, -0.09375, -1.0703125, 0.9921875, 0.9140625, -1.375, 2.578125, -0.734375, -1.6796875, -1.578125, -0.78125, -0.93359375, 2.15625, 2, -0.86328125, 1.09375, 1.3359375, -0.9296875, 0.39453125, -0.314453125, -0.1953125, 0.435546875, 0.55078125, 1.671875, 0.93359375, -1.21875, 1.7578125, 1.5625, 0.224609375, 0.54296875, 0.56640625, 0.09228515625, 1.828125, -0.48828125, -0.0419921875, 1.375, 2.828125, -0.3515625, -0.8203125, 0.11669921875, -0.48046875, -0.96875, -0.091796875, -0.28125, 0.26953125, -0.5703125, -2.328125, 0.7109375, 0.63671875, 1.3046875, -1.0078125, -1.0390625, -1.0625, -0.369140625, -0.4765625, 0.41796875, 0.56640625, -0.6171875, -0.71875, 1.0390625, -0.71484375, 0.1591796875, -1.65625, -0.296875, -2.1875, 0.46484375, -1.03125, -2.125, -1.0078125, -0.265625, 2.234375, 2.1875, 0.1259765625, -0.3203125, -1.859375, -1.5390625, -1.09375, 0.81640625, -0.361328125, 1.0234375, 0.396484375, -0.2734375, -1.2890625, 3.578125, 0.75, 0.6015625, 1.8359375, 1.0859375, -0.73828125, -0.90234375, 2.25, -1.609375, -1.671875, 0.1689453125, 2.46875, 0.98828125, 0.71484375, 2, -1.5234375, 3.234375, 0.99609375, 0.66015625, -1.3125, 0.03369140625, -0.2265625, 1.421875, 0.640625, -0.59375, 0.0133056640625, -1.078125, -0.66015625, -0.2216796875, -0.012451171875, -0.24609375, -1.4140625, -1.078125, 0.03173828125, 0.2001953125, 1.015625, -1.078125, -0.134765625, 0.9296875, -0.890625, -0.390625, 1.1484375, -0.14453125, 1.1484375, -2.484375, -1.3046875, -0.484375, -0.35546875, 0.193359375, 0.1455078125, 0.50390625, 3.328125, -1.3515625, -0.427734375, 0.6328125, 1.8828125, 0.007110595703125, -1.03125, 2.109375, 0.51953125, -1.78125, 0.9296875, 0.109375, -1.0625, 0.458984375, 0.6328125, 1.1171875, -0.490234375, 1.46875, 0.255859375, -1.1015625, -1.25, -0.2490234375, 2.875, -0.97265625, 0.05029296875, 0.57421875, 1.296875, -0.2490234375, -0.62890625, -2.03125, -1.78125, 2.6875, -2.25, -1.2109375, 1.109375, 2.890625, 1.5390625, 1.5625, 0.8359375, -1.078125, -0.68359375, 1.5546875, 0.48828125, -0.9453125, -0.99609375, -1.1796875, -1.1015625, -0.1181640625, 0.8515625, -0.435546875, -1.078125, -0.515625, -0.0250244140625, 0.42578125, 1.1640625, -0.8828125, -0.1728515625, -0.6328125, 0.99609375, 0.16796875, 0.546875, 0.9453125, -0.8515625, 0.00286865234375, 0.55078125, 0.5, 1.9609375, 1.2890625, 3.3125, -0.1767578125, -0.30859375, -1.359375, 0.875, -1.0625, -0.1533203125, -0.85546875, 0.9921875, -0.06689453125, -0.01513671875, 1.6328125, -3.015625, -1.265625, 0.197265625, 0.7421875, -0.6484375, 0.404296875, -0.9921875, -2.0625, 1.515625, 1.96875, -1.15625, 0.201171875, 0.1494140625, 0.92578125, 0.427734375, 0.6953125, 0.2265625, 1.1640625, -0.2138671875, 0.796875, 1.03125, 0.470703125, -0.33203125, 0.265625, -1.9765625, -1.4296875, -2.15625, 0.130859375, -1.2890625, 0.765625, -0.5703125, -1.6640625, 0.95703125, -0.498046875, 0.291015625, 1.6875, -0.12158203125, -0.259765625, 0.049072265625, 0.1953125, 0.115234375, 1.109375, 1.0078125, 1.078125, -0.470703125, -0.30859375, 0.78125, 0.109375, -0.56640625, 1.0234375, 0.1708984375, -0.42578125, 1.671875, 0.640625, -1.4453125, -0.220703125, -0.296875, 1.7421875, -1.7734375, -0.60546875, 1.1328125, -1.171875, 1.171875, -0.052734375, 1.3125, -0.6015625, 1, 0.4453125, 1.765625, 1.4609375, 0.15625, 0.267578125, 0.703125, -0.89453125, -0.65234375, 0.81640625, 0.8828125, -0.5234375, -0.70703125, -0.99609375, -1.6328125, 0.859375, 0.2109375, 1.734375, -0.515625, -1.84375, -0.3359375, 0.9765625, 2.25, -0.3125, -1.2109375, -0.5625, 1.4375, -0.78515625, -0.365234375, 0.08154296875, 0.640625, -0.322265625, 0.439453125, 0.251953125, -1.5234375, -0.609375, -0.95703125, 0.361328125, 0.341796875, 2.34375, -0.19140625, -0.875, 1.2265625, 0.828125, 0.396484375, 0.4140625, -0.98828125, -0.671875, -1.2265625, -0.85546875, 0.6796875, -0.404296875, -1.5625, 0.8125, -0.005157470703125, 0.1845703125, -1.3046875, -1.1640625, -1.3359375, -0.77734375, -0.478515625, 0.98046875, -1.9140625, -0.62890625, 0.1787109375, -1.984375, -0.373046875, -1.34375, 0.73046875, 1.34375, 1.71875, 1.1640625, 0.357421875, 1.125, 0.25390625, 2.703125, 0.546875, 0.58203125, 0.0098876953125, 0.4921875, 1.6875, 0.95703125, -2.5, 0.99609375, -1.8984375, -0.6171875, -0.02880859375, 0.29296875, 0.046142578125, 0.96484375, -0.57421875, 0.9921875, 1.421875, 0.734375, -1.2109375, -0.99609375, -1.125, 0.0301513671875, -0.000492095947265625, -0.5625, -0.55078125, 0.408203125, 1.9453125, 2.203125, -0.89453125, 0.1396484375, -0.166015625, 1.296875, -0.91015625, 0.78125, -0.1865234375, -0.380859375, 0.271484375, 0.10546875, -1.078125, 0.08154296875, -1.9453125, -0.65234375, -0.515625, -0.5390625, 0.890625, -0.71484375, 0.84375, -0.42578125, 1.46875, -0.62890625, -0.90625, 0.69140625, 0.4765625, 1.921875, 0.0211181640625, -3.09375, 0.84375, -1.0703125, 0.451171875, 1.1015625, -3.140625, -0.341796875, 1.6171875, -1.5625, 0.58984375, 1.21875, -2.28125, 2.09375, -1.03125, 0.359375, 1.109375, -0.1806640625, -0.43359375, -0.1474609375, 0.64453125, 1.0625, -0.287109375, 0.9765625, 1.203125, 1.8125, -2.5, -0.60546875, 0.6640625, -0.81640625, 0.546875, 1.125, -0.6015625, 0.326171875, 0.34375, 0.42578125, -0.41015625, 1.296875, -0.036376953125, 0.07275390625, 0.86328125, 2.578125, 0.271484375, -1.421875, 0.04150390625, 0.48046875, -1.4765625, -0.1728515625, 0.208984375, 0.53515625, -0.77734375, -0.294921875, -0.47265625, -0.7109375, -0.2412109375, 1.4296875, 0.58984375, -2.125, -1.4453125, -0.0517578125, 0.05908203125, -0.71484375, -1.2265625, 0.06396484375, 0.7734375, 0.70703125, -1.4296875, -0.1259765625, 0.2373046875, 1.3125, 1.328125, 0.68359375, 0.875, -0.10205078125, -0.578125, 0.6015625, -0.64453125, 1.078125, 0.515625, -1.65625, -0.0625, 0.94140625, 0.94140625, 1.515625, -0.921875, 0.8515625, 0.1689453125, 1.8828125, -1.578125, 2.203125, 0.78125, 2.046875, -0.9140625, -0.7265625, -0.9609375, 1.3828125, 0.7109375, 0.1728515625, -0.018798828125, 0.0478515625, -0.173828125, 0.09130859375, -1.78125, 1.1171875, -0.97265625, 1.0234375, -0.640625, -1.90625, 0.57421875, -1.4609375, 0.029541015625, -0.62109375, -0.251953125, 0.48828125, 0.3671875, -0.1591796875, -1.7109375, 0.83984375, 0.93359375, -0.94921875, -1.8515625, 0.2294921875, 0.26953125, -3.5625, -1.0234375, -0.7421875, 0.50390625, -0.025634765625, -0.81640625, 0.55859375, -0.7109375, -1.609375, 0.99609375, -0.91015625, -0.859375, -0.85546875, 2.671875, 1.0859375, 0.6640625, -1.1875, 2.078125, 1.1015625, 0.125, -1.4921875, -0.14453125, 0.05322265625, -2.53125, -0.421875, -1.4375, 1.3125, 0.2265625, 0.8671875, 0.5078125, -0.69140625, 0.67578125, 0.859375, -1.125, -0.69921875, 0.427734375, 0.1357421875, -0.2265625, -1.328125, 0.1728515625, -0.8046875, 0.09033203125, -1.3515625, -2, 0.7265625, 0.294921875, 0.45703125, 0.44140625, -0.050537109375, -0.12060546875, 0.384765625, -0.064453125, 0.1455078125, 0.66796875, 0.59765625, 0.92578125, -0.212890625, -0.8359375, 1.5546875, 2.53125, -1.9375, -1.2421875, -0.8828125, 2.890625, -0.75, 1.4296875, 0.4609375, -0.353515625, -0.05908203125, -0.58203125, 0.68359375, -0.01025390625, 0.267578125, 0.80859375, -2.296875, -0.208984375, 0.1689453125, -1.3203125, -0.453125, 0.609375, 1.046875, -3.1875, 1.265625, -0.4453125, -0.66015625, -0.62890625, -1.2109375, 1.015625, 0.091796875, -0.8984375, 0.3203125, 1.390625, 1.421875, -0.87890625, 1.1875, 1.265625, 2.3125, -0.46484375, -3.015625, -0.26171875, -0.349609375, -0.2392578125, 0.1767578125, 0.91015625, -1.0625, -1.5625, -0.1513671875, -0.84375, -1.703125, -1.015625, -0.6171875, 2.515625, 0.498046875, 1.9296875, 1.8125, 2.375, 3.25, 0.52734375, -0.78515625, 0.193359375, -0.859375, -1.1640625, 1.8359375, -0.7734375, 0.197265625, 0.625, 1.7109375, 0.2333984375, -0.4375, -0.9453125, -1.140625, -0.263671875, 2.609375, -2.34375, -0.435546875, -0.69921875, 1.234375, -0.326171875, 1.5703125, -1.1328125, 0.9765625, 0.68359375, -0.84375, 0.1474609375, -0.404296875, -1.1015625, -1.6640625, 0.115234375, 0.70703125, -0.75390625, -0.578125, 0.0869140625, 0.25390625, -1.2109375, -2.140625, 0.796875, 2.015625, -1.3984375, 0.53125, -1.1640625, 0.8203125, 0.88671875, 0.6015625, -1.3203125, 0.2578125, 1.9609375, 0.6015625, 0.2041015625, 0.19921875, 0.484375, -1.1796875, -0.2001953125, -1.1015625, 0.2099609375, -0.515625, 0.25390625, 0.76171875, -2.203125, 1.7109375, -2.8125, 1.359375, -0.341796875, -0.10498046875, -2.46875, -0.07421875, -0.59375, -0.1220703125, -0.1982421875, -0.84375, 1.4765625, -1.3046875, 1.6640625, -1.5703125, 0.1630859375, -1.1875, 0.10791015625, -0.5390625, -2.046875, 0.6484375, -0.8515625, -0.044921875, -0.388671875, 1.078125, 0.75, 0.72265625, 0.109375, 1.4375, 0.380859375, 1.1875, -0.51171875, 0.37890625, 1.2421875, -1.390625, -1.1015625, 0.271484375, -0.390625, -0.08349609375, 0.423828125, -1.609375, -0.9609375, 1.4765625, -0.05078125, -0.059326171875, -2.25, -0.90234375, -1.5859375, 0.90625, 1.1171875, -0.984375, 0.53125, 0.59765625, 0.63671875, 1.0078125, 1.109375, 2, -0.318359375, 1.0078125, -1.1171875, 1.2421875, 0.6484375, 1.171875, -0.00909423828125, -2.09375, 1.65625, -3.140625, 0.5234375, 0.255859375, -1.140625, 0.3671875, 0.4921875, -0.0791015625, -0.75390625, -1.6953125, -2.09375, -0.8203125, -0.1103515625, -0.7890625, 1.8828125, -1.7421875, 2.40625, 0.185546875, 0.62890625, 0.4296875, -0.71875, -0.1513671875, -1.3046875, -0.41015625, 0.71875, -0.042236328125, 1.8984375, 0.7421875, 0.283203125, 0.07373046875, -2.0625, -0.6171875, 0.79296875, 2.078125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532201028
Projected Twenty-First-Century Changes in the Length of the Tropical Cyclone Season
Abstract This study investigates projected changes in the length of the tropical cyclone season due to greenhouse gas increases. Two sets of simulations are analyzed, both of which capture the relevant features of the observed annual cycle of tropical cyclones in the recent historical record. Both sets use output from the general circulation models (GCMs) of either phase 3 or phase 5 of the CMIP suite (CMIP3 and CMIP5, respectively). In one set, downscaling is performed by randomly seeding incipient vortices into the large-scale atmospheric conditions simulated by each GCM and simulating the vortices’ evolution in an axisymmetric dynamical tropical cyclone model; in the other set, the GCMs’ sea surface temperature (SST) is used as the boundary condition for a high-resolution global atmospheric model (HiRAM). The downscaling model projects a longer season (in the late twenty-first century compared to the twentieth century) in most basins when using CMIP5 data but a slightly shorter season using CMIP3. HiRAM with either CMIP3 or CMIP5 SST anomalies projects a shorter tropical cyclone season in most basins. Season length is measured by the number of consecutive days that the mean cyclone count is greater than a fixed threshold, but other metrics give consistent results. The projected season length changes are also consistent with the large-scale changes, as measured by a genesis index of tropical cyclones. The season length changes are mostly explained by an idealized year-round multiplicative change in tropical cyclone frequency, but additional changes in the transition months also contribute.
[ -1.40625, -0.333984375, 0.5859375, 1.296875, -0.8046875, -1.28125, -0.92578125, 1.1015625, 1.7109375, -0.095703125, 0.63671875, 0.5390625, 1.5078125, -0.2255859375, 0.322265625, 0.032958984375, -0.5, -0.7109375, -1.234375, -0.12890625, 0.921875, 0.67578125, -1.0234375, -1.1640625, 0.1962890625, 0.96875, -0.28125, -2.109375, 0.1484375, 1.6484375, 0.1572265625, -0.11865234375, -1.46875, 0.435546875, 0.435546875, 1.9140625, -0.498046875, 2.171875, -0.58984375, 0.361328125, 1.7578125, -0.291015625, 1.0078125, -0.8203125, 0.330078125, -0.26953125, 0.1611328125, 0.2451171875, -0.15625, -1.4921875, 0.083984375, 0.984375, -0.037353515625, -1.421875, -1.375, 1.625, -1.03125, -0.322265625, 2.515625, 0.703125, -1.1171875, -0.416015625, 2, -1.4765625, -0.72265625, -1.171875, -0.6796875, 0.97265625, 0.92578125, 0.158203125, 0.2255859375, -0.59765625, -1.3828125, -1.0390625, 1.09375, 0.59375, 0.337890625, 1.5625, 1.5625, 0.2021484375, 0.55078125, -0.7421875, -0.2119140625, 0.435546875, -0.83984375, 0.50390625, 0.1748046875, 1.984375, 0.90234375, 1.578125, -0.2392578125, 0.2353515625, -0.3671875, -1.359375, -1.4921875, -0.93359375, 1.015625, 1.4140625, -0.419921875, 1.9375, -0.25390625, 0.060302734375, 0.6015625, 0.3046875, -0.10693359375, 0.30078125, -0.314453125, -0.474609375, -0.01007080078125, 0.341796875, 0.037841796875, 0.4765625, 0.69140625, 0.39453125, 0.0206298828125, 0.0693359375, 0.49609375, 1.7265625, -0.81640625, -1.4375, 0.859375, -1.03125, 0.40234375, -0.3671875, 0.5703125, 0.70703125, -0.177734375, -0.330078125, 0.302734375, -1.53125, 2.078125, -0.0216064453125, 0.74609375, 0.322265625, 0.51953125, -0.71875, 0.19140625, -0.21875, 0.4375, -0.80859375, 0.98046875, -0.1748046875, -1.5859375, -0.44140625, -2.265625, -0.1142578125, 1.0859375, -0.494140625, -0.032470703125, 0.64453125, -0.8671875, -0.041748046875, -0.032470703125, 1.359375, 0.50390625, 0.12255859375, -1.4921875, 2.28125, 0.412109375, -0.06884765625, -0.240234375, -1.0234375, 1.7734375, -0.040771484375, 1.15625, -0.97265625, -1.234375, 0.90625, -0.3671875, 0.373046875, -0.3125, -1.046875, -0.6484375, 0.515625, 1.515625, -1.046875, -2.4375, 0.984375, 0.6953125, -1.09375, -0.0203857421875, 0.9921875, -0.7890625, -0.107421875, 1.703125, 1.515625, -1.515625, -0.01275634765625, -0.609375, 0.87890625, 0.8125, -1.78125, -3.0625, 1.6015625, 0.609375, 0.431640625, -1.6171875, 1.109375, -1.2578125, -0.423828125, -1.40625, -0.1708984375, -0.049072265625, 0.85546875, -0.59375, -0.87109375, -0.05615234375, -0.07275390625, 2.390625, 0.12890625, -0.50390625, -1.0703125, 1.09375, -1.1328125, -1.234375, -0.13671875, 0.7734375, 1.484375, 0.953125, 0.2373046875, 1.828125, -0.103515625, 0.408203125, 1.1640625, -0.482421875, -1.3125, -0.431640625, 0.50390625, -1.578125, 0.7890625, 0.1552734375, -0.796875, -0.6015625, 0.0634765625, -0.466796875, 0.353515625, 0.111328125, 0.41796875, 1.2578125, 0.380859375, -0.232421875, -0.02880859375, -0.265625, 0.73828125, 0.07080078125, -0.54296875, 0.251953125, -1.171875, 1.1015625, 0.78515625, 1.3359375, -0.23828125, -1.453125, -0.255859375, -1.5234375, -1.3515625, -1.828125, -0.25390625, 0.859375, -1.453125, -0.2451171875, -0.0615234375, -0.2001953125, 0.55078125, -0.94921875, -1.3828125, -1.078125, -0.71484375, -0.95703125, 0.55859375, -0.65625, -1.5078125, -0.32421875, 0.1103515625, 0.4375, -0.80859375, 1.53125, 0.49609375, 0.255859375, -0.57421875, -2.03125, -0.59765625, -1.09375, -0.5546875, 0.1171875, 1.1796875, 0.05126953125, 0.8359375, -0.578125, -0.08447265625, -0.146484375, -0.1298828125, -1.1796875, 0.9140625, 1.4765625, -0.39453125, 1.9921875, 3.0625, 0.33984375, 0.84375, 0.193359375, 0.1201171875, 0.30859375, -1.34375, 0.4140625, -1.8984375, -1.0625, 0.8046875, -0.130859375, 2.03125, -0.361328125, 0.765625, -0.53515625, 0.66015625, -0.087890625, 0.91015625, -0.09765625, -0.01953125, 1.5703125, -0.61328125, 0.76171875, 0.259765625, -0.8046875, 0.59765625, -1.7421875, 0.189453125, 0.546875, 0.010498046875, -0.95703125, -1.03125, -1.3125, -0.03759765625, 1.3046875, -0.6640625, -0.455078125, 1.8125, -1.265625, -1.0625, 1.7890625, 0.408203125, -0.10595703125, -1.8671875, 0.828125, 0.19140625, 0.8984375, 0.047607421875, 1.3359375, -0.73046875, 0.09521484375, -1.8671875, -0.96484375, 0.078125, 1.984375, -0.158203125, -0.423828125, 0.421875, 1.5234375, -0.7890625, -0.41796875, -0.291015625, -0.032958984375, 0.79296875, -0.384765625, 0.33984375, -1.3515625, -0.75390625, 0.2314453125, 0.57421875, -0.388671875, 0.53125, 1.359375, -0.291015625, -1.46875, 1.359375, 0.326171875, 0.84765625, -1.3125, -0.7265625, 1.59375, 0.9609375, 1.0703125, -0.08740234375, 1.4921875, 0.90234375, 2.578125, 1.3359375, -0.2890625, 0.341796875, -0.00494384765625, -0.81640625, 0.0927734375, -0.70703125, -0.83203125, -0.96875, 1.71875, -0.392578125, 1.4609375, -0.7265625, -0.291015625, -1.28125, -0.95703125, -0.2099609375, -1.265625, -0.330078125, -0.65625, 0.361328125, -0.92578125, -0.11328125, 0.0576171875, -1.7109375, -0.78125, 1.203125, 0.0301513671875, -0.412109375, -0.033935546875, -0.1796875, 0.328125, -0.07861328125, 0.625, 0.68359375, 1.1640625, 0.44140625, -0.96875, -0.66796875, -0.0234375, -0.94921875, -0.057861328125, -0.00823974609375, -2.4375, -0.353515625, 1.2265625, 0.275390625, -0.94140625, -2.015625, -0.7734375, 0.5, 0.85546875, -0.515625, -0.37890625, 0.314453125, -0.027587890625, -0.328125, 1.2421875, 0.58203125, 1.015625, 1.2890625, 0.78125, -0.24609375, 0.5859375, 0.84375, 0.1591796875, -0.7734375, -0.87109375, -1.3359375, 0.578125, -0.0537109375, -0.265625, -0.0849609375, 0.462890625, 0.369140625, -0.671875, -0.2890625, -0.3828125, -0.66796875, 0.474609375, -1.2578125, -0.447265625, -0.423828125, -0.3515625, 0.7109375, 0.609375, -0.2099609375, -0.65234375, 0.376953125, 0.1630859375, 0.796875, -0.546875, 0.1484375, 0.2314453125, 1.09375, -0.00133514404296875, 0.140625, -0.00518798828125, 0.28125, 0.255859375, -1.125, -0.005584716796875, -0.1669921875, 0.193359375, -0.9765625, 1.0546875, -0.2353515625, -0.50390625, -1.2890625, 1.234375, -0.42578125, 0.9140625, 1.1484375, -1.3828125, 0.373046875, 0.546875, -1.0546875, -0.88671875, -1.234375, 0.1357421875, 0.4375, 1.328125, -1.3515625, 0.55078125, 0.416015625, -0.193359375, 1.3359375, -1.03125, -0.134765625, 1.0078125, -0.310546875, 1.8203125, -0.9296875, -0.39453125, 0.310546875, 0.64453125, 0.154296875, 0.36328125, -0.9296875, 0.92578125, 1.3046875, 1.4609375, 1.609375, 0.7578125, -2.1875, -0.47265625, -0.431640625, 1.4375, 0.376953125, -0.95703125, 0.09716796875, -0.005157470703125, 0.58984375, 1.28125, -0.265625, -0.73828125, 0.4921875, 0.181640625, -0.0703125, -0.169921875, 1.9921875, -1.1171875, 1.0546875, 0.2001953125, -0.23046875, -0.08251953125, 0.8125, -0.408203125, 0.66015625, 0.015869140625, 1.4375, -1.03125, -0.75390625, -0.435546875, -1.9453125, -0.8828125, -0.57421875, 0.06591796875, 1.65625, -1.421875, 0.61328125, -0.09814453125, -1.1328125, 1.7890625, -0.322265625, -1.296875, 0.96484375, 0.1025390625, -0.2275390625, 2.1875, -1.15625, -1.1640625, -0.53125, 0.058837890625, -1.9765625, -0.50390625, -0.2138671875, -0.0771484375, 0.5546875, 0.419921875, 0.37109375, 0.240234375, -0.60546875, -0.291015625, -0.5234375, -0.58203125, -0.9609375, 0.97265625, 0.609375, -0.74609375, 1.0625, 0.302734375, 1.0390625, -0.142578125, 0.76171875, 0.9453125, -0.365234375, 0.6484375, 0.8046875, -0.51953125, -0.07666015625, -0.734375, 0.83984375, -0.1474609375, 0.67578125, -0.8203125, 0.333984375, -1.796875, -0.54296875, 0.58203125, -0.64453125, 0.72265625, 0.08349609375, 0.87109375, 0.1708984375, 1.4453125, 1.5234375, 1.0859375, 1.3828125, 1.453125, -1.03125, 2.125, -1.1796875, 0.22265625, 1.46875, -1.2109375, 0.416015625, -0.99609375, -1.359375, 0.30078125, -0.83203125, -1.3984375, 1.0703125, 1.6640625, 1.5234375, 1.3203125, 1.515625, -0.1904296875, -1.0390625, -0.54296875, 2.171875, -1.328125, -0.12890625, -0.69140625, 1.421875, -1.7890625, 0.56640625, -0.16796875, -0.75, 0.51953125, 1.1015625, -1.1484375, 0.82421875, -1.265625, -0.65234375, 0.81640625, 0.474609375, 0.181640625, -0.40625, 0.98828125, 1.84375, -0.8515625, 0.84765625, 0.9765625, 0.953125, -0.322265625, -0.259765625, -0.55078125, 2.40625, -1.1875, 1.375, 0.244140625, 2.109375, -1.3125, 0.498046875, 0.162109375, 0.3828125, -0.7109375, -0.859375, 1.0859375, -0.66796875, 0.2890625, -0.546875, -0.37890625, 1.7421875, 0.70703125, -0.0458984375, 0.984375, 1.5625, 0.060546875, 0.490234375, -0.3203125, 1.0625, 0.0322265625, -0.05908203125, 1.9609375, 0.0400390625, -0.03564453125, -0.376953125, -1.171875, 0.08740234375, -0.63671875, 1.4921875, -1.234375, -0.1328125, -0.76953125, 0.7265625, -0.66796875, 0.1435546875, 0.05859375, 0.19140625, -0.796875, -0.6171875, -0.296875, 0.361328125, -0.2265625, 0.045654296875, -0.55859375, 0.46484375, -0.490234375, 0.017333984375, -0.16015625, -0.5859375, -1.0859375, 1.6875, -1.5859375, 0.47265625, 0.0004520416259765625, -1.703125, -0.71484375, 0.65234375, -0.10888671875, 1.375, 0.5703125, 0.380859375, -0.447265625, 0.75390625, 0.306640625, 0.431640625, 0.232421875, 0.205078125, -0.2236328125, -1.328125, 0.66796875, -0.10546875, 2.515625, 0.69921875, -1.3359375, 0.8515625, 0.90234375, -0.447265625, -0.1171875, -0.4140625, -0.033447265625, -1.7578125, 1.6015625, -1.0546875, -0.404296875, 0.059326171875, 1.046875, 0.9609375, 0.59375, -1.1328125, -0.6171875, 0.9296875, -0.341796875, -0.58984375, 1.4140625, 0.216796875, -0.5078125, 0.41796875, -0.08837890625, 0.1376953125, -0.3828125, 0.04052734375, -0.109375, -0.5, 1.2578125, 0.01239013671875, -1.1640625, -0.02978515625, 0.8984375, -0.51953125, -1.1640625, -0.036376953125, -0.88671875, 0.43359375, 0.49609375, -0.1884765625, 0.10205078125, -0.609375, -0.484375, -1.7578125, -0.65625, -0.47265625, -0.0208740234375, 1.84375, 0.1787109375, 1.21875, -0.2255859375, -0.400390625, 0.73046875, 0.59765625, -0.030029296875, -1.1640625, 0.384765625, 0.208984375, -0.1533203125, 0.90625, -0.032958984375, -0.6640625, -0.09765625, 0.76953125, -0.75390625, 1.515625, 0.6484375, 1.3671875, -1.0625, -0.84765625, 0.330078125, 0.890625, -0.5859375, -0.224609375, -1.2421875, 0.3359375, -0.8359375, -1.6015625, -1.21875, -0.58984375, 0.89453125, 0.0166015625, -0.32421875, 0.9609375, -0.671875, 1.0078125, 0.203125, -0.1611328125, 1.0234375, 1.1015625, -2.328125, -1.3359375, 0.087890625, -0.318359375, -0.6484375, -0.0216064453125, 1.3203125, 0.6796875, 0.42578125, 0.640625, -0.296875, -0.640625, 0.09375, 0.58203125, -0.1806640625, -0.7421875, 0.72265625, -0.2412109375, -0.01190185546875, 1.1015625, -0.7265625, -1.6328125, -0.498046875, -0.453125, -1.2578125, 2.234375, -1.234375, 1.8125, 1.46875, 0.7890625, 0.7109375, -1.40625, -0.90234375, -1.3515625, -0.875, 1.71875, -0.859375, 0.23046875, -1.1484375, -1.4453125, -0.80078125, -0.236328125, 1.0859375, -0.482421875, 0.267578125, 0.2294921875, -0.2255859375, -0.421875, 0.302734375, -0.44921875, -0.59375, 0.439453125, -0.1982421875, 0.185546875, -1.015625, 0.314453125, 0.255859375, -1.1875, -0.73046875, 1.0859375, -0.494140625, -1.25, -1.0703125, -0.828125, 0.88671875, -0.03173828125, -1.0546875, 0.00360107421875, 0.50390625, 0.341796875, 1.140625, -0.3828125, -0.138671875, -0.345703125, 0.36328125, -0.09130859375, 0.61328125, 1.2578125, -1.1953125, -0.96875, 0.06591796875, 0.84765625, -0.80859375, -0.58203125, -1.0078125, -0.1689453125, -0.46484375, -1.5390625, 0.890625, -0.4609375, -0.94921875, -1.390625, 0.3515625, -0.94921875, 1.828125, -0.279296875, -0.435546875, -0.6328125, -0.0927734375, 0.52734375, -1.2578125, -0.056640625, -0.5625, -0.4375, 0.44921875, -0.53125, -0.18359375, 0.33984375, 0.8359375, 0.22265625, 1.8359375, -1.765625, -0.93359375, 0.9375, -0.216796875, -0.90234375, -0.2275390625, 0.63671875, -1.3359375, 0.2392578125, 0.890625, -0.5078125, -0.66015625, 0.50390625, -0.1044921875, 0.97265625, -0.51171875, 0.443359375, -1.5234375, -0.0634765625, -1.3359375, 1.09375, -0.44140625, 0.0291748046875, 0.3984375, -0.625, -0.3828125, -1.0625, 0.96484375, -0.031494140625, 1.421875, 0.76171875, 0.474609375, 0.9453125, -0.34765625, -1.3828125, 0.63671875, -0.27734375, -1.1875, 0.2041015625, -0.1650390625, -0.50390625, -1.078125, -0.84765625, 0.96875, -0.44921875, 0.0177001953125, -0.369140625, 0.6875, -0.72265625, 1.078125, -1.640625, 0.69140625, -0.208984375, -0.2294921875, -1.5, -1.0625, 0.99609375, -1.4296875, -1.4296875, 0.1728515625, -0.671875, 1.3828125, 0.94921875, -1.28125, 0.17578125, -1.7421875, -0.75390625, 0.0654296875, 2.4375 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532243443
Characterization of a broad-range disulfide reductase from Streptomyces clavuligerus and its possible role in beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthesis
Streptomyces clavuligerus is a potent producer of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics. A key step in the biosynthesis of these beta-lactam compounds is the cyclization of the thiol tripeptide delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) to isopenicillin N by the enzyme isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS). However, bis-ACV, the oxidized disulfide form of the tripeptide, is not a substrate for IPNS. We show here that S. clavuligerus possesses an NADPH-dependent disulfide reductase of broad substrate specificity that efficiently catalyzes the reduction of disulfide bonds in bis-ACV and in other low-molecular-weight disulfide containing compounds and proteins. The disulfide reductase comprises two protein components, a 70-kDa reductase consisting of two identical subunits, and a 12-kDa heat-stable protein reductant. The structural and functional properties of the disulfide reductase resemble those of the thioredoxin class of oxidoreductases. When the disulfide reductase system is coupled with IPNS, it quantitatively converts bis-ACV to isopenicillin N. These findings suggest that the disulfide reductase may play a role in the biosynthesis of penicillins and cephalosporins in streptomycetes. We also show here that S. clavuligerus lacks glutathione reductase and have previously reported that Streptomyces species do not contain glutathione. This disulfide reductase may therefore be important in determining the thiol-disulfide redox balance in streptomycetes.
[ -0.92578125, 1.171875, 1.2578125, -0.52734375, -1.1875, 0.60546875, -0.400390625, 1.0234375, -0.72265625, 0.99609375, -0.66015625, 0.337890625, 1.5546875, -0.01513671875, 1.09375, 0.2412109375, 0.0311279296875, 0.333984375, -0.9140625, -0.1533203125, -1.1484375, -0.51171875, -0.9765625, 0.1728515625, 0.470703125, 0.78125, 0.302734375, -0.79296875, 0.79296875, 0.333984375, -0.039794921875, 1.6875, -0.734375, -0.78125, 0.10498046875, 0.337890625, 0.984375, 0.80078125, -0.81640625, 0.03955078125, 0.06396484375, -0.306640625, 0.53515625, -0.0810546875, -0.64453125, -0.373046875, -0.6640625, -0.8203125, -0.54296875, -0.765625, -0.412109375, 0.1318359375, 0.478515625, -0.66015625, -1.15625, 0.2578125, -1.3515625, -1.46875, 1.1015625, -1.0703125, 0.2412109375, -1.484375, -0.05078125, -0.07666015625, -0.09912109375, -0.478515625, 0.6484375, -0.267578125, 0.359375, -0.279296875, 0.63671875, 0.474609375, -0.486328125, -0.189453125, -0.126953125, -0.00592041015625, 0.96875, 0.57421875, 1.34375, 1.2890625, -0.427734375, -0.04443359375, -0.55859375, -0.01104736328125, -0.84765625, 0.62890625, -0.173828125, 1.7578125, 0.50390625, 0.78125, -1.234375, 0.60546875, -0.76171875, -0.2021484375, -0.65234375, -0.8125, 1.0703125, 0.22265625, 0.1259765625, 1.2734375, -0.00946044921875, -0.328125, 0.55078125, -0.3203125, 1.8671875, 1.6640625, -0.1513671875, -0.6171875, -0.55859375, 0.86328125, -1.0546875, 0.1591796875, 0.20703125, -0.05615234375, 1.140625, -1.0546875, 0.8828125, 1.375, -0.25390625, -0.57421875, -0.34375, -1.1328125, 0.33203125, -0.5859375, 0.85546875, -0.103515625, -0.5703125, 0.8046875, 0.2275390625, -1.359375, -0.4375, 0.271484375, -0.09130859375, 0.12158203125, 0.1630859375, -0.6171875, 0.6171875, 0.78125, 1.0703125, 0.0673828125, 0.6328125, 0.88671875, 0.15625, -0.369140625, 0.66796875, 0.96875, -0.57421875, 1.140625, -1.0078125, 0.65625, -0.6796875, -1.296875, -0.1689453125, 1.2109375, -0.1435546875, 0.83984375, 0.17578125, 1.265625, 0.12353515625, 0.31640625, 0.109375, -0.75390625, 0.41796875, 0.87890625, 0.16015625, 0.81640625, -0.51171875, 0.37109375, 0.68359375, -0.41015625, -0.96875, -0.65625, 0.19921875, -0.169921875, 1.1953125, 0.07080078125, -0.1787109375, 1.84375, 0.46484375, -1.5390625, 0.056884765625, 0.6171875, 0.00927734375, 0.88671875, 1.3125, 1.6796875, -0.984375, -0.263671875, -0.96875, 0.81640625, 1.0546875, -1.65625, -1.7109375, 0.9609375, -1.046875, 0.2490234375, 0.91015625, 1.5546875, -0.150390625, -0.58203125, -0.55078125, -0.58984375, 0.412109375, -0.0888671875, -0.07373046875, 1.265625, -0.73828125, 0.515625, 0.8125, 0.392578125, -0.859375, -0.80078125, -0.431640625, 0.05224609375, -0.62109375, -0.07470703125, 0.1396484375, 0.66796875, -0.7265625, 0.25390625, 0.85546875, 1.078125, 1.2421875, -0.51953125, 1.3515625, -1.6953125, -0.498046875, 0.75, -1.0703125, 0.703125, 0.1572265625, -0.1689453125, 0.51171875, 0.1416015625, -0.1923828125, -0.275390625, 0.2890625, -0.74609375, 0.36328125, 0.2138671875, 0.142578125, -0.609375, 0.546875, 0.67578125, 0.09814453125, 0.412109375, 0.82421875, -0.357421875, -0.48828125, 0.609375, 1.046875, 0.234375, 0.15625, 0.421875, 0.7109375, 0.83203125, 0.21484375, 0.625, -0.166015625, 0.279296875, 0.75390625, 1.1484375, -0.341796875, 0.466796875, -1.0703125, -0.8203125, -0.306640625, 0.189453125, -1.296875, 0.33203125, 0.451171875, -0.9609375, -0.00982666015625, 0.03564453125, 0.291015625, -0.91015625, 0.18359375, 0.4453125, -1.2109375, -0.58203125, -0.703125, -1.3046875, 0.1796875, -1.15625, 0.390625, -0.33984375, 0.19921875, 1.46875, 0.203125, -0.306640625, 0.142578125, 0.1240234375, -0.61328125, -0.64453125, 1.59375, -0.8125, 0.390625, 1.375, 0.0303955078125, 0.76953125, 1.34375, 0.71875, -0.74609375, 0.158203125, 1.546875, -0.7265625, -0.423828125, 0.62109375, -0.1494140625, 1.7421875, 0.0322265625, 1.2421875, -0.3984375, 1.0234375, 0.95703125, 1.078125, -0.193359375, -1.8359375, -0.66796875, -0.09619140625, 0.3828125, -0.1923828125, -0.53515625, 1.7734375, -0.80859375, 0.0849609375, 0.408203125, -0.1767578125, -0.6953125, -0.130859375, -0.703125, -0.92578125, 0.7734375, -1.09375, 0.373046875, 1.3828125, -1.234375, -0.95703125, 1.1875, 0.87890625, -0.39453125, 0.5234375, -0.017333984375, -0.458984375, -0.0361328125, 0.55859375, 0.482421875, -0.7890625, 0.68359375, -0.97265625, 1.0234375, 0.369140625, -0.0390625, -0.337890625, -0.55078125, 0.51953125, 0.64453125, -0.6640625, -0.0019989013671875, 0.490234375, 0.59765625, -1.1875, -0.47265625, -0.1220703125, -0.1630859375, 0.028564453125, 0.52734375, -0.7578125, 0.0927734375, -0.2255859375, 1.046875, -0.5859375, -0.52734375, 0.62109375, 0.6875, 1.4375, -0.07080078125, -1.46875, -0.392578125, 2.03125, -1.3515625, -0.66796875, -1.0390625, 1.125, 0.2451171875, 1.1796875, 1.0390625, 1.1015625, 0.03271484375, 1.265625, 1.40625, -0.53515625, -1.640625, 0.466796875, -0.12890625, 0.2275390625, 1.140625, 0.146484375, -1.1640625, -1.0078125, 0.578125, 0.1669921875, 0.45703125, -0.30078125, -1.203125, -0.6796875, -1.6875, -1.046875, 0.15234375, -0.0947265625, -1.5078125, 0.6171875, -1.015625, 0.5625, 0.90234375, 0.220703125, 0.5625, -0.80078125, 0.58203125, -0.49609375, -0.51171875, -0.1572265625, 0.1884765625, -1.4609375, -0.126953125, 0.78515625, 0.00506591796875, 1.140625, -1.0234375, -0.060791015625, 0.28515625, -0.07568359375, 0.609375, 0.0228271484375, -1.3515625, 0.271484375, 0.97265625, -0.7265625, -0.8671875, 0.55859375, -0.6328125, 0.359375, 0.035888671875, -0.53515625, 1.2109375, 0.64453125, 0.1015625, 1.140625, 0.451171875, 0.87890625, 1.0078125, -0.74609375, -0.6953125, -0.92578125, -0.5859375, 0.427734375, -0.318359375, 1.234375, 0.458984375, 0.5078125, 0.16796875, -0.640625, -0.201171875, 0.248046875, 1.2109375, -0.79296875, -0.98046875, -1.140625, -0.6875, 1.1953125, 0.72265625, 0.421875, 0.1865234375, 0.2412109375, -0.74609375, 0.65625, 0.3203125, 0.91796875, -0.54296875, 0.357421875, 1.0703125, -0.046142578125, -0.9765625, 0.326171875, 0.66015625, -0.1396484375, -0.69921875, -0.58203125, -0.47265625, 0.76953125, -0.021728515625, 0.79296875, -0.3828125, -0.86328125, 1.5703125, -1.515625, -1.4453125, 0.5390625, -1.296875, -0.498046875, -0.328125, -1.109375, -0.31640625, -0.408203125, -0.84375, -0.283203125, 0.21875, 0.4609375, -0.296875, -0.08251953125, 0.8984375, 1.09375, -1.125, -0.27734375, 0.3515625, 0.61328125, 1.046875, -0.283203125, -0.427734375, -0.453125, 0.61328125, -0.0322265625, -0.7265625, 0.55078125, 1.40625, -0.1640625, -0.392578125, -0.66796875, -0.11328125, -1.234375, 0.4453125, -1.0234375, 0.1728515625, 0.055908203125, -0.251953125, -1.25, -0.30078125, 0.9140625, 0.98828125, 0.24609375, -0.53515625, 0.1474609375, 0.5703125, -0.490234375, 1.8671875, -0.0223388671875, -0.37109375, 0.1484375, -0.65625, 0.3515625, -1.3046875, 0.9765625, -0.71484375, 0.384765625, -0.7109375, 1.2421875, -0.9765625, 0.064453125, -0.30078125, -0.68359375, 0.33203125, -0.9453125, 0.134765625, 2.171875, -0.62109375, 0.53125, -0.5625, -0.3671875, 1.1171875, 0.6484375, 0.32421875, -0.40625, 0.10546875, -0.2578125, 1.2734375, -0.37109375, -0.146484375, -0.47265625, -1.0390625, 0.0189208984375, 1.3671875, 0.58203125, -0.330078125, 0.298828125, -0.51953125, -0.337890625, 2.671875, 0.1298828125, 0.1171875, 0.142578125, -0.408203125, -1.0859375, 0.1767578125, 0.022705078125, 0.70703125, -0.248046875, 0.28125, 1, 0.421875, 0.283203125, -0.09619140625, -0.047119140625, 0.1962890625, -0.333984375, 0.546875, -0.2158203125, -0.0361328125, 0.6015625, -0.38671875, -0.2060546875, -0.36328125, -0.5625, 0.2421875, -0.640625, 0.72265625, 0.326171875, 1.4375, -0.166015625, 0.2197265625, -0.030029296875, -0.2333984375, 0.2578125, 0.294921875, 1.0703125, -0.80078125, -0.3984375, 0.43359375, -0.2333984375, 1.21875, -0.466796875, -0.69921875, 0.349609375, -1.6875, -0.130859375, -0.201171875, 0.126953125, 0.263671875, 1.1171875, 0.458984375, 0.22265625, 0.92578125, 0.1640625, 0.90625, -0.474609375, -0.2275390625, 0.765625, -0.8359375, 0.341796875, -0.83984375, 0.65625, 0.48828125, -0.2373046875, 0.267578125, 0.9296875, -0.61328125, 0.44140625, -0.0185546875, 0.28515625, -0.44140625, -0.298828125, -0.19921875, 0.734375, -1.0703125, -0.5859375, -0.298828125, 0.17578125, 0.083984375, -1.15625, -0.34765625, 0.2060546875, 0.5078125, 0.65625, 0.06787109375, -0.1494140625, 0.11083984375, 1.4921875, -0.275390625, 0.115234375, -0.07080078125, 0.306640625, 0.7890625, 0.4921875, 0.1328125, -0.1865234375, -0.6171875, -0.16796875, -2.671875, 0.8046875, 0.62109375, -0.0022125244140625, -0.44921875, 0.126953125, 0.421875, 0.51953125, -0.1494140625, -0.28515625, 0.78515625, -0.4609375, 0.56640625, -1.359375, 1.0625, 0.37890625, 1.53125, -0.9453125, -0.8203125, 0.173828125, 0.12060546875, 1.2890625, 0.71875, 1.1953125, -0.291015625, -0.1884765625, -0.205078125, 0.1533203125, 0.6484375, 0.326171875, 1.0625, -0.3046875, 0.35546875, 0.71875, -0.162109375, -0.796875, 0.2734375, 0.1748046875, -0.796875, -1.234375, 0.0230712890625, 0.98046875, -0.091796875, -0.09619140625, -0.50390625, -0.9921875, -0.1123046875, -1.3203125, 1.234375, -0.0147705078125, 0.091796875, 0.375, -0.6328125, 0.9609375, 0.447265625, 0.19921875, 0.94140625, 0.4609375, 0.453125, -0.2109375, -0.3671875, -1.09375, 0.384765625, -0.396484375, -0.08544921875, 1.015625, 0.83984375, 0.859375, 0.61328125, -1.5859375, -0.5078125, -1.0625, -1.2421875, -0.77734375, 0.033447265625, -0.0029754638671875, 0.134765625, 0.28125, 1.4765625, 0.50390625, -0.055419921875, -1.3125, -0.453125, 0.875, -0.130859375, -0.6328125, -0.71484375, 1.4921875, -1.0390625, 0.38671875, -0.35546875, -1.46875, 1.125, 0.1884765625, -0.109375, -1.5859375, -1.078125, -0.267578125, -1.125, 0.58984375, 0.75390625, -0.3359375, -1.3515625, -0.85546875, -0.53515625, 0.451171875, -1.171875, -0.6484375, -0.8046875, -1.1796875, -1.40625, 0.62890625, 0.734375, -0.447265625, 0.197265625, 0.65234375, -0.53125, 0.015625, 0.2353515625, -0.73828125, -1.3203125, -0.82421875, 0.01025390625, 0.181640625, -0.29296875, -0.90234375, 1.125, -0.061767578125, -1.296875, 0.16015625, 0.2138671875, 0.1787109375, 1.5625, 0.72265625, 0.265625, 0.06884765625, -0.94921875, -0.310546875, 0.32421875, 0.3515625, 0.83984375, 0.15234375, -1.3671875, 0.55859375, -1.6171875, 0.25390625, -0.11865234375, 1.0390625, 0.45703125, -0.04931640625, 0.003326416015625, -0.2109375, 0.1591796875, 0.2421875, -0.70703125, 0.44921875, 1.2265625, 0.035400390625, -1.390625, -0.396484375, -0.0194091796875, -0.1474609375, 0.03857421875, -0.451171875, 1.3984375, -1.109375, -0.82421875, 0.1708984375, -0.625, -0.470703125, -0.2099609375, 0.36328125, 1.0234375, 0.298828125, 1.34375, 0.1923828125, 0.859375, 1.65625, -0.470703125, -1.0078125, -0.92578125, -1.1640625, 0.33984375, 1.2578125, -0.73046875, 0.2373046875, -0.3046875, 0.640625, 0.5234375, -0.24609375, -0.65234375, -0.2392578125, 0.7109375, 1.3828125, -0.94140625, 0.08056640625, -0.84765625, -0.56640625, 0.796875, -1.9296875, -0.76171875, -0.93359375, -0.1572265625, -0.62890625, 0.310546875, -2.296875, -0.7421875, -0.07080078125, 1.546875, 1.5078125, 0.8125, 0.78125, 0.7734375, 0.201171875, 0.0257568359375, -1.1875, 0.396484375, 1.2578125, -0.9453125, -0.8203125, -0.55859375, -0.67578125, 0.71484375, 1.0625, -0.349609375, -0.0302734375, 0.7421875, -0.052978515625, 0.703125, 0.193359375, -0.39453125, -0.578125, 0.390625, -0.9609375, -0.0458984375, 0.31640625, -0.79296875, 0.8125, -0.353515625, 0.4140625, -2.25, 0.7421875, 0.34765625, -0.7265625, 0.330078125, 0.431640625, 1.078125, -0.41015625, -1.2578125, -0.796875, 0.68359375, -0.0294189453125, 1.359375, 0.1689453125, 1.0625, -0.8671875, 0.1650390625, -1.1953125, -0.78125, 0.400390625, 0.828125, -1.234375, -0.2353515625, -0.8671875, -1.0625, 0.65234375, 0.6796875, -0.306640625, 0.498046875, 0.0179443359375, 0.74609375, 1.671875, -0.2255859375, -1, -0.5546875, 0.5, -0.474609375, 0.64453125, 0.58984375, -0.59765625, -0.375, 1.4453125, -0.265625, -0.435546875, -0.30078125, 0.54296875, -0.01531982421875, 0.78515625, 0.52734375, 0.58984375, -0.1416015625, -0.294921875, -0.044921875, 0.7265625, -0.1611328125, 2.015625, 1.34375, 0.53515625, 0.1875, 0.49609375, 0.921875, 0.1865234375, 1.375, -0.671875, -0.0400390625, -1.4921875, -0.2314453125, -0.158203125, -1.6875, 1.0546875, -0.72265625, 0.051513671875, -0.890625, 0.37890625, -0.2109375, -0.17578125, 1.5078125, 1.171875, 2.109375, 1.15625, 0.09326171875, -0.03173828125, 1.1875, 0.7578125, -2.109375, 0.8671875, -0.064453125, 0.546875, 0.765625, 1.171875, 0.470703125, 0.419921875, 0.5859375, 0.9296875, 0.026123046875, -1.109375, 0.984375, 1.3671875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532345396
Studies on the constituents of aceraceae plants. VI. Revised stereochemistry of (-)-centrolobol, and new glycosides from Acer nikoense.
Two diarylheptanoid glycosides, named aceroside VII (8), C25H34O8, mp 144-145°C, [α]15D -28.4°, and aceroside VIII (9), C30H42O12, [α]15D -64.8° were isolated from the stem bark of Acernikoense MAXIM. (Aceraceae). On acid hydrolysis 8 yielded (-)-centrolobol (10) and glucose, while 9, on partial hydrolysis, gave 8 and apiose. Acerosides VII (8) and VIII (9) were determined to be the 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and the 3-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside of (-)-centrolobol (10), respectively, on the basis of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectral analyses and additional chemical data.The absolute configuration S for (-)-centrolobol (10) has been claimed, but the authors propose its revision to R(-) on the basis of Brewster's empirical rule on the correlation between absolute configuration and optical rotation. The stereochemistries of some compounds related to 10 such as acerogenin A (1) and (-)-centrolobin should also be revised. At the same time, partial revision of the 13C-NMR signal assignments for acerosides III (3) and VI (4) is also necessary.
[ -0.69140625, 0.80078125, 0.18359375, -0.66796875, 0.0279541015625, -0.345703125, -0.984375, 0.404296875, -0.53125, 0.1640625, -0.6796875, -0.169921875, 2.59375, 0.1787109375, 1.125, -0.55859375, -0.09521484375, -0.96875, -0.6015625, 0.08740234375, -1.359375, -0.55859375, -1.0859375, -0.048583984375, 0.13671875, 0.486328125, 1.5, -0.9375, 0.7890625, 0.322265625, 0.3359375, 0.2099609375, -1.015625, 0.2734375, -0.55859375, 0.37890625, -0.2890625, 0.232421875, -1.28125, 1.6015625, -0.043212890625, -1.296875, 1.375, -0.045654296875, 0.1884765625, -0.3359375, -0.47265625, -0.435546875, -0.173828125, -0.9296875, 0.228515625, 0.498046875, 0.361328125, -0.498046875, -0.8984375, 0.04052734375, -2.265625, 0.76953125, 1.140625, -0.22265625, -0.1484375, -1.265625, 1.171875, 0.08642578125, -0.359375, 0.6484375, 0.031494140625, -1.625, 1.578125, 0.90234375, 0.60546875, 0.52734375, -0.4453125, -0.10546875, 1.265625, -2.046875, -0.09912109375, 1.8203125, 0.62890625, 0.2197265625, 0.046875, 0.3671875, -0.373046875, 1.0703125, 0.486328125, 1.7265625, 0.318359375, 1.5859375, 1.5078125, 1.53125, 0.3515625, -0.11279296875, -0.82421875, -2.734375, -1.25, 0.0986328125, 0.142578125, 0.341796875, 0.35546875, 0.5234375, -0.55859375, 1.078125, 0.10400390625, -0.78125, 1.203125, 1.578125, -1.1640625, -0.65625, -0.58203125, 0.369140625, 0.05859375, -0.06884765625, 0.337890625, -0.66015625, -0.052001953125, 0.08935546875, -0.2119140625, 2.90625, -0.73828125, -0.76953125, -0.2021484375, -1.03125, 0.494140625, -0.53515625, 0.1005859375, 0.78125, -1.1796875, 0.08056640625, 0.06298828125, -0.765625, 0.400390625, 1.296875, 0.111328125, -0.1591796875, -0.197265625, -0.07080078125, 0.0380859375, 0.15234375, 0.5703125, 0.4296875, 1.1796875, 2.578125, 0.287109375, -0.55078125, -0.169921875, 0.75390625, 0.443359375, -0.0986328125, -0.171875, -0.049560546875, 0.26171875, -0.6796875, -0.2578125, 1.3984375, 1.1015625, 0.1142578125, -0.484375, 1.59375, -0.4375, -0.1318359375, 0.1787109375, -1.03125, -0.333984375, -0.40234375, -0.326171875, -0.70703125, -0.6171875, 0.9765625, -0.3671875, -0.94140625, 0.0498046875, -0.1162109375, -0.28125, 1.7265625, 1.8984375, -1.328125, -0.478515625, 1.6484375, -0.56640625, -0.28515625, -0.3046875, 0.9921875, 0.75390625, -0.0986328125, 0.22265625, 2.109375, -1.6796875, 0.34765625, 1.046875, 0.3984375, 0.31640625, -1.0625, -1.4453125, 1.3828125, 0.255859375, -1.109375, 0.333984375, 1.1875, -1.0078125, -0.7890625, -0.546875, -0.013916015625, 1.21875, -0.59765625, 1.234375, 1.5078125, -0.220703125, 2.390625, 1.765625, 0.3359375, -0.453125, -1.296875, -0.1748046875, -0.046875, -0.9765625, 0.43359375, -0.26171875, 0.30859375, 0.462890625, -0.1494140625, 0.478515625, 0.255859375, -0.84765625, -0.6171875, 1.1484375, -0.71484375, 0.578125, 1.7890625, -1.0546875, -0.400390625, 0.578125, 0.2490234375, -0.56640625, -0.083984375, -0.97265625, 0.054443359375, -0.91015625, -0.2265625, 1.375, 1.46875, 0.63671875, 0.1689453125, -0.37890625, 0.703125, 1.3984375, 1.59375, 0.447265625, -1.1953125, -0.77734375, 0.59375, 1.28125, -0.328125, -0.5234375, 0.6953125, -0.65625, 0.400390625, -0.1396484375, -0.5625, 1.375, -0.2412109375, -0.3359375, -0.35546875, 0.06787109375, 0.1484375, -0.361328125, -1.3046875, -0.87890625, -0.59375, 0.11474609375, 0.84765625, -1.65625, -1.4921875, 0.10302734375, 0.8671875, -0.166015625, -0.4375, 0.12890625, -0.5625, -0.263671875, -1.0234375, -1.1953125, -1.6015625, 0.431640625, -0.365234375, 0.181640625, 0.41015625, 0.88671875, 0.859375, -1.6484375, -0.5625, -0.76171875, -0.419921875, -1.1953125, -0.79296875, 0.2392578125, -0.5625, 0.34765625, 2.015625, 1.390625, 1.515625, -0.73046875, -0.419921875, -0.0888671875, -0.29296875, 1.78125, -1.4921875, -1.296875, -0.3515625, -0.294921875, -0.0228271484375, -0.41796875, -0.00457763671875, -0.953125, 0.169921875, 0.8984375, 0.322265625, -0.578125, -1.0234375, -0.6875, 0.8046875, -0.01007080078125, 0.0888671875, 0.30859375, 2.234375, 0.283203125, -1.046875, 0.6015625, -0.58203125, -0.439453125, -0.423828125, -0.59765625, -0.359375, 0.2216796875, -1.3828125, -0.0947265625, 0.4765625, -0.33203125, 0.357421875, 2.375, -0.6328125, 0.384765625, -0.291015625, 0.90234375, -0.94140625, 0.107421875, -1.4921875, 0.8515625, 0.447265625, 0.8828125, -0.74609375, 0.48046875, -0.9375, -0.287109375, -0.84375, -0.93359375, 0.734375, 0.61328125, -0.62109375, -0.0849609375, -0.28515625, 0.2119140625, -0.7265625, -0.51171875, 0.90234375, 0.408203125, 0.21484375, 1.171875, -0.2265625, -0.58984375, -0.75, 1.59375, -0.03173828125, -0.69140625, 0.7578125, 0.076171875, 1.328125, -1.765625, -2.015625, 0.0079345703125, 0.375, -2.09375, -0.58203125, 0.578125, -0.486328125, 0.8046875, 0.57421875, -1.03125, -0.10595703125, -0.443359375, 0.50390625, -0.69921875, 0.251953125, -2.265625, -0.8203125, 0.1611328125, 1.203125, 0.5625, 0.94140625, -0.427734375, -1.4609375, 1.6796875, 1.4609375, -0.10400390625, 0.337890625, 0.1845703125, -0.047607421875, -1.3515625, -0.48828125, 0.051513671875, 0.06787109375, -0.76953125, -0.2099609375, -1.625, 0.5234375, -0.07080078125, -0.462890625, -0.953125, -0.333984375, 0.6875, -0.06689453125, 0.376953125, 0.76171875, 0.267578125, -0.00058746337890625, -0.6015625, 0.4296875, 0.296875, 1.3515625, -0.9296875, -1.0390625, -0.67578125, -0.251953125, 0.78125, -0.65625, -0.68359375, -0.56640625, 0.1826171875, -0.34765625, -1.6875, 0.1748046875, 0.1181640625, -0.1396484375, -0.208984375, 0.33984375, 0.9921875, 2.109375, -0.1435546875, 0.58203125, 1.4140625, 0.412109375, -0.21484375, -0.76171875, -0.2236328125, -0.1396484375, 0.7109375, 0.357421875, -0.8203125, 1.9453125, -1.109375, 0.62890625, 0.000789642333984375, 0.11865234375, -0.90625, 1.203125, -1.078125, -1.0625, 0.439453125, 0.07861328125, 0.03662109375, 0.8671875, 1.9375, 0.796875, -0.416015625, -1.5703125, 0.038818359375, -0.7109375, 0.5234375, 1.6015625, 0.12060546875, 0.1455078125, 0.93359375, 0.07958984375, -1.6953125, 0.0179443359375, 1.203125, 0.5625, -1.609375, 0.8203125, 0.703125, -0.35546875, -0.302734375, -0.2236328125, 1.2578125, 0.314453125, 1.1953125, -0.017578125, 0.42578125, 1.2578125, 0.81640625, -0.1064453125, -0.279296875, -1.296875, -1.5, 0.4609375, 0.322265625, -1.53125, -0.431640625, -0.330078125, -1.3515625, 0.88671875, -0.458984375, 0.322265625, -1.0859375, -0.97265625, -0.5703125, 0.259765625, 1.203125, 0.2373046875, 0.337890625, -0.2265625, 0.283203125, 0.3515625, 0.01129150390625, 0.2275390625, 1.6171875, 0.095703125, 1.265625, 0.2099609375, 1.1875, -0.478515625, -0.390625, -0.11279296875, 0.6171875, 0.99609375, -0.91015625, -0.6953125, 0.357421875, 1.6875, 0.515625, -0.69140625, 0.56640625, -0.421875, -0.43359375, -1.609375, 0.98828125, -1.4921875, -0.30859375, 1.3671875, -1.203125, -1.0546875, -1.5390625, -0.0167236328125, -0.609375, -0.1044921875, -1.140625, 1.9765625, -0.703125, 0.2060546875, -0.81640625, -0.51953125, 0.466796875, -1.390625, -0.51171875, 0.8984375, -0.023681640625, 0.68359375, -0.08544921875, -1.09375, -0.322265625, -0.251953125, 0.734375, -0.5859375, -1.4140625, 0.11083984375, 2.15625, -1.15625, -0.57421875, -1.4609375, -0.76171875, -0.30078125, 0.296875, -0.7265625, -0.212890625, 2, 0.80078125, 0.322265625, 1.5, 0.1650390625, 1.3515625, -1.140625, -1.296875, -0.5703125, 0.9921875, 0.8359375, -0.80859375, 0.08935546875, 0.4609375, 1.171875, 0.953125, -0.400390625, -0.271484375, 0.236328125, 0.5078125, -0.5, 0.5078125, -0.859375, 0.07666015625, 0.7578125, -1.1640625, -0.82421875, -0.42578125, -0.1201171875, -0.515625, -1.5859375, 0.98828125, 0.5546875, 1.875, -1.234375, 1.5, 0.91015625, 0.498046875, -0.04443359375, -1.015625, 1.546875, -0.0230712890625, -0.66796875, 2.359375, -0.5859375, 0.6484375, -0.232421875, -0.3671875, 0.59765625, -0.26171875, -0.185546875, 0.515625, -0.85546875, -1.6015625, 2.078125, 0.494140625, 0.82421875, 0.6796875, 1.109375, 0.73046875, -0.26953125, -0.65625, 1.15625, -0.291015625, 0.263671875, -0.4765625, 2.921875, -0.61328125, -0.80859375, 0.48046875, -0.271484375, -0.625, 0.498046875, -0.3828125, -0.18359375, -1.03125, 0.59765625, 0.1611328125, 0.197265625, -0.1982421875, -0.78515625, 0.359375, 0.5625, -0.93359375, -2.203125, 0.1181640625, -0.96875, -0.83984375, -0.0174560546875, 1.28125, -0.2275390625, -1.234375, 0.396484375, 1.6796875, 1.53125, 0.220703125, 0.27734375, 0.1455078125, -1.6328125, -1.59375, 0.44921875, 0.87890625, -1.046875, -1.5546875, 0.287109375, 0.291015625, -0.310546875, -0.443359375, 1.15625, 0.48828125, 1.09375, 0.72265625, 0.8125, 0.671875, 1.125, -0.10693359375, -1.3671875, 1.9765625, 0.208984375, 0.5078125, 0.2021484375, -1.9921875, -1.640625, 1.4375, 0.9375, 0.31640625, 1.0078125, -0.85546875, -0.1376953125, 0.076171875, 0.21484375, 2, 0.490234375, 1.1796875, 0.392578125, 0.416015625, 1.2578125, 0.75, -0.67578125, -0.59375, -1.359375, -1.84375, -0.46484375, -0.703125, 0.91796875, -0.99609375, 0.8515625, -0.30859375, -0.578125, 0.66015625, -0.63671875, 0.75390625, 0.421875, -0.62109375, 1.203125, 0.306640625, 1.671875, 0.1279296875, 0.8046875, 0.4296875, 0.0537109375, -0.5703125, 1.1484375, 0.3828125, -2.015625, 0.55078125, 0.10498046875, 1.4296875, -0.61328125, -0.37890625, 2.015625, 0.6640625, -1.484375, -1.7421875, -1.2734375, 0.14453125, -1.1171875, 0.185546875, 0.255859375, 0.77734375, 1.7265625, 2.640625, 0.9609375, 0.326171875, -0.8125, -0.859375, 0.365234375, -1.078125, 0.5546875, 0.353515625, 1.34375, 0.267578125, -0.01953125, -0.57421875, -1.078125, 0.69921875, 0.455078125, 1.25, -0.15234375, -0.7578125, 0.9921875, -2.078125, 1.9453125, -0.30078125, 0.66015625, -1.9296875, -1.796875, -0.451171875, 0.7265625, -0.6484375, -0.77734375, 0.58203125, 1.0546875, 0.78515625, 1.21875, 0.2451171875, 0.32421875, 0.345703125, 0.76953125, 0.51953125, -0.54296875, -0.2333984375, -0.453125, 0.306640625, -0.91015625, -1.2734375, 0.318359375, 0.62109375, -0.1240234375, 1.1640625, -0.4765625, -0.84765625, -0.162109375, -0.0458984375, -0.443359375, 0.92578125, -0.3125, 0.72265625, -0.11376953125, -0.26171875, 0.77734375, 1.3125, 0.1181640625, 1.4453125, -0.0306396484375, -1.4140625, -0.341796875, -1.5859375, -0.330078125, -1.2734375, 0.859375, 0.9921875, -0.373046875, 0.4296875, 0.52734375, 0.48828125, -0.080078125, 0.9375, 0.9296875, -0.2734375, 0.4921875, -2.078125, -0.064453125, -0.4375, -1.3984375, -0.1552734375, -0.408203125, 1.5546875, -0.447265625, 0.0712890625, -1.40625, -0.08154296875, 0.419921875, -0.1552734375, 0.1552734375, 1.9921875, 0.08544921875, 0.84765625, 1.2578125, 0.08203125, 1.6015625, -0.8203125, 0.384765625, -1.859375, -0.87109375, 1.296875, 0.6953125, -0.265625, -0.1455078125, 0.1103515625, 0.7890625, 0.8515625, 0.0262451171875, -0.6015625, -0.2451171875, 0.1884765625, 2.125, -1.671875, -0.76953125, -0.0654296875, 0.431640625, 1.0625, -0.310546875, 0.11083984375, -1.7265625, 0.21875, -0.017578125, 1.375, -1.5078125, -1.09375, 0.8984375, 1.09375, -0.02880859375, 0.66015625, 1.2890625, -1.015625, -0.333984375, -0.375, -1.1171875, 0.21484375, 0.0859375, -1.140625, -0.333984375, 0.1982421875, -0.453125, 0.205078125, -0.1318359375, -0.40625, -0.859375, 0.400390625, -0.2080078125, 0.287109375, 0.44140625, 0.08349609375, -0.99609375, 0.043212890625, 0.365234375, -0.72265625, 0.181640625, -0.08447265625, 0.54296875, 0.416015625, 0.2041015625, -1.34375, -1.9765625, 1.8125, -1.53125, -1.1953125, 0.330078125, 1.8515625, -0.3671875, -1.4296875, -0.71875, -0.35546875, -1.15625, 0.490234375, 0.76953125, 0.875, -0.31640625, -0.1162109375, 0.421875, -1.7421875, -0.2119140625, -0.61328125, -0.470703125, 0.0673828125, -0.11572265625, -0.0107421875, 0.326171875, 0.59765625, -0.5078125, -0.1767578125, 0.453125, 0.57421875, 0.146484375, -0.83203125, -0.12060546875, 0.490234375, 0.08349609375, -1.7421875, 0.37109375, 1.03125, -0.84765625, -0.734375, 0.72265625, -0.828125, -1.21875, -0.021484375, -0.0281982421875, -0.5703125, 0.51953125, 0.33984375, -0.396484375, -0.1796875, 0.67578125, 0.365234375, 1.0625, -0.48828125, 1.21875, 1.1796875, 0.9921875, -0.37109375, 0.5859375, -0.48828125, -1.0703125, 1.5546875, 0.3671875, 0.76171875, -1.140625, 0.064453125, -0.23828125, 0.416015625, -0.87109375, -1.5390625, -0.8671875, -0.4375, -0.66015625, -0.0118408203125, -0.055419921875, 0.61328125, 0.357421875, 2.125, -0.68359375, -0.07275390625, 0.796875, 0.76953125, 0.0174560546875, -2.140625, -0.234375, -0.3359375, -0.8515625, 1.25, 0.458984375, 0.08935546875, 0.185546875, 1.1796875, 0.86328125, -1.546875, -1.2734375, 0.111328125, 2.640625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532396931
The Nez Perce Indians
Includes substantial sections on material culture: tools, clothes, transportation, petroglyphs, etc.
[ -2.1875, -0.50390625, 1.515625, -0.73046875, -0.73828125, -2.328125, -1.640625, 1.7109375, 2.03125, -0.79296875, 1.59375, -0.42578125, 2.796875, -0.09228515625, 1.953125, -1.5625, -1.1796875, -1.6796875, -0.52734375, -0.4921875, -0.59765625, 0.43359375, -3.734375, -0.484375, -0.75390625, 2.03125, 0.8671875, 0.205078125, -0.3125, 0.6953125, 1.109375, -0.1162109375, -1.953125, -1.578125, -1.0078125, 0.435546875, 0.1650390625, 2.390625, 0.337890625, -0.78515625, 2.203125, -0.703125, -0.236328125, -1.859375, -0.291015625, 1.8984375, -0.91796875, 0.392578125, -1.0703125, -1.203125, -0.248046875, -1.3984375, 0.796875, 0.322265625, 0.515625, -0.130859375, 0.25, -0.4609375, -0.388671875, 1.5078125, -0.59375, 0.275390625, -1.3671875, -1.1953125, -0.80859375, 1.578125, 0.3984375, 0.625, 0.55859375, 0.7265625, -0.0263671875, 0.2578125, -0.828125, -0.30078125, 2.0625, 0.470703125, -0.478515625, -0.05859375, 1.7578125, 1.078125, 0.2578125, 0.85546875, 0.427734375, 0.3515625, -0.64453125, 0.4375, -1.9140625, 1.828125, -2.109375, -1.2109375, -0.58203125, -0.48046875, -1.890625, -0.220703125, -1.46875, 0.578125, -0.30078125, 0.462890625, 1.2421875, 0.87109375, -0.3671875, -1.21875, 0.578125, -0.28515625, -0.1904296875, 0.0595703125, -2.578125, -0.6875, -1.53125, -0.453125, 1.953125, -0.404296875, 1.0546875, -0.0057373046875, 0.6015625, -0.291015625, 0.142578125, 0.004913330078125, -0.00799560546875, -1.734375, 1.2578125, -1.5, 1.453125, 1.75, 1.1640625, 2.046875, -1.59375, 0.52734375, -1.3125, -1.8984375, -0.6796875, 0.1572265625, -1.890625, 0.375, 0.486328125, -1.4453125, -0.94140625, 1.3046875, 0.384765625, -0.099609375, -1.25, 0.1318359375, -1.7890625, -0.87890625, -0.51171875, 0.240234375, -0.44921875, -1.4921875, -0.2421875, 1.65625, 0.2060546875, -1.0078125, -0.08154296875, 1.140625, -0.70703125, -1.4609375, -1.515625, 1.9609375, 0.10546875, -0.3125, 0.357421875, -0.00860595703125, 0.35546875, -0.1884765625, -0.72265625, -1.0625, -0.91015625, -0.8515625, -1.0625, 1.3125, -0.7890625, 0.26953125, -1.2578125, 1.7421875, 2.484375, -1.078125, -0.0078125, 2.015625, 1.921875, 0.88671875, 1.4921875, 1.53125, -1.1953125, 0.30859375, 1.1953125, 1.421875, -1.1796875, -1.5234375, -0.75390625, 1.046875, 0.298828125, -0.201171875, -1.453125, 1.640625, -0.06689453125, -0.058837890625, 0.41796875, 0.1953125, 0.50390625, 0.2138671875, -1.0234375, -0.734375, 0.138671875, -0.58984375, 0.0732421875, -0.9375, 0.94140625, 1.1796875, 0.07470703125, 0.380859375, 1.21875, -0.75, -1.6484375, -1.0703125, -0.1416015625, -0.91796875, -2.203125, -0.287109375, 1.625, -1.7890625, 2.203125, 0.72265625, 1.234375, -0.478515625, 0.6328125, -0.70703125, 1.234375, 2.046875, 1.5390625, -0.259765625, 1.296875, -0.23828125, -0.58203125, 0.3046875, -2.890625, 0.439453125, -1.6015625, 1.3125, 0.197265625, 0.83984375, 0.8359375, 0.375, -0.8046875, 1.5078125, 3.28125, 1.2265625, 0.7109375, -0.7578125, -1.53125, -0.58203125, 1.2734375, -0.5625, -0.83984375, -0.1376953125, 1.15625, -2.453125, -0.65234375, -0.88671875, 1.3984375, 0.08837890625, -0.2041015625, 1.8203125, -0.51171875, -1.1953125, 0.70703125, -0.64453125, -0.0142822265625, -0.244140625, 0.6796875, 0.65234375, -0.70703125, -1.53125, -2.25, -0.287109375, -1.7421875, 2.0625, -0.89453125, -2.203125, -0.66796875, -0.87890625, -0.2392578125, -1.46875, 0.474609375, -1.109375, 0.416015625, -0.0888671875, 0.232421875, 0.67578125, -1.859375, -0.07568359375, 0.056396484375, -1.6328125, -0.98828125, 1.125, -0.85546875, -1.9765625, 1.2578125, 0.5078125, -0.294921875, 1.546875, 1.1484375, 1.2890625, -0.447265625, -0.8984375, -0.0830078125, -0.81640625, -1.734375, 0.91796875, 2.171875, -0.390625, -0.7890625, 0.45703125, -2.640625, -0.67578125, -0.76171875, 0.484375, -1.0625, -1.578125, 0.23046875, -0.193359375, 1.2578125, 0.921875, -0.388671875, -0.490234375, 0.71875, -3.125, 0.06689453125, -0.3203125, 0.66015625, -0.13671875, -0.73046875, 0.64453125, 0.265625, -0.1494140625, -1.515625, 0.048095703125, 1.15625, -0.828125, 0.482421875, -0.2314453125, 0.7578125, -1.0703125, -1.890625, 1.421875, 0.52734375, 1.4609375, 0.94140625, -0.1376953125, -0.67578125, -0.2451171875, 0.3046875, -0.828125, 2.375, -0.2490234375, -0.40234375, -1.2578125, 0.19921875, -3.125, -1.28125, 0.8828125, 0.0576171875, -0.2470703125, 0.5703125, -0.2041015625, 2.109375, 1.78125, -0.390625, 0.5078125, -1.6953125, -2.46875, -1.1484375, -0.337890625, -1.4296875, 2.015625, 0.84765625, -0.0849609375, -2.25, -1.4140625, -0.7265625, 2.34375, -1.109375, 1.1171875, -0.73046875, 2.703125, 0.224609375, 0.70703125, 0.255859375, -0.30859375, 0.466796875, 1.8984375, 0.6171875, -0.44140625, -1.484375, -1.8046875, -0.2001953125, -0.451171875, 0.5078125, 0.921875, -1.0078125, -2.203125, 1, 1.03125, 1.3984375, -0.7421875, -0.9296875, 0.1337890625, 1.03125, -0.71484375, -0.80859375, 0.62890625, -2.671875, 0.298828125, -0.640625, -0.58984375, 0.212890625, -1.203125, 1.0390625, -0.546875, -1.0390625, -1.125, -0.462890625, 0.041748046875, -0.451171875, -0.6796875, -0.486328125, -0.9609375, 0.61328125, 2.21875, -1.4375, -0.1357421875, -1.28125, -1.234375, 2.546875, -1.3984375, -0.546875, -1.078125, 1.765625, -0.84765625, 0.494140625, 1.40625, 0.58203125, -1, -0.796875, 0.3046875, 3.96875, 0.0439453125, -1.2421875, 1.21875, 1.2265625, 0.58984375, -2.734375, 0.8515625, -1.7734375, -2.265625, -0.1376953125, 2.078125, -1.3359375, -1.1171875, 0.9140625, -1.25, 0.67578125, 0.515625, -0.37890625, -0.341796875, -0.1611328125, 0.1484375, -0.7265625, -0.66796875, -1.75, 0.38671875, -0.365234375, 0.54296875, -1.078125, -1.2109375, -1.4609375, 0.890625, 0.11865234375, 0.5390625, 0.34765625, 0.8515625, -0.007354736328125, 0.82421875, -1.3515625, -0.40234375, 1.40625, -1.03125, -1.625, 0.9375, 1.3203125, 1.8359375, 0.427734375, -1.6328125, -2.359375, -1.109375, 0.828125, -1.109375, 1.46875, 1.1484375, 0.4140625, -0.63671875, -1.90625, -1.15625, -1.65625, 0.2314453125, -0.357421875, 1.65625, -0.322265625, -1.125, -1.53125, -0.58203125, 0.52734375, 1.90625, -1.484375, 0.181640625, -0.2890625, 0.5078125, -0.765625, -0.515625, 1.0390625, 0.255859375, 0.76171875, -1.78125, 1.515625, -0.71875, 0.21875, 0.357421875, 0.73046875, 0.921875, 0.34375, -0.984375, 1.2578125, -0.8671875, -1.0546875, 1.4296875, -0.59375, -0.23828125, -0.126953125, -0.57421875, 0.03515625, 0.703125, -1.515625, -0.875, -0.2451171875, 0.2490234375, 0.8046875, 0.53125, -0.376953125, 0.48046875, -0.62890625, -0.546875, 0.05859375, 0.408203125, 0.7421875, -1.0859375, -0.1923828125, 2.421875, 0.8671875, 0.421875, 0.09423828125, -0.283203125, -0.302734375, -2.15625, -0.431640625, 1.0625, -0.45703125, 0.57421875, 0.578125, -1.109375, 1.375, 0.703125, 1.0859375, 1.5546875, -0.5, 0.1396484375, 0.5390625, -0.11962890625, -0.76171875, -3.421875, -0.40234375, -0.1728515625, 0.8515625, 1.53125, 0.00872802734375, 0.890625, 1.5078125, -0.431640625, 0.96484375, -1.8359375, 0.6796875, -0.98828125, -1.9609375, -1.8125, 1.28125, 0.2001953125, 1.6171875, 1.953125, 1.9765625, -0.25390625, -0.4765625, -0.5, -1.9921875, 0.796875, 1.8984375, 0.71875, -0.1591796875, 0.5703125, -0.4140625, -1.296875, -1.5, -1.375, 0.85546875, 0.58203125, -0.341796875, -0.51171875, -0.1611328125, -2.078125, 2.078125, -2.9375, 1.0625, 1.0078125, -0.96875, -0.23046875, 2.71875, 2.296875, 0.033935546875, -1.25, 1.6640625, -2.609375, 2.1875, 0.77734375, -0.64453125, 0.72265625, 0.75390625, -2.46875, -1.390625, -0.9453125, -0.390625, -0.640625, 1.3046875, -0.9765625, 0.96484375, 1.0234375, 0.0087890625, -0.37109375, 1.875, 2.265625, 0.17578125, -0.03955078125, -0.341796875, 2.4375, -3.046875, 0.8359375, -1.5078125, 1.234375, -0.07373046875, -1.296875, -1.4296875, -1.7109375, -0.1787109375, 0.0400390625, 0.65625, -1.5, -1.9765625, 0.11181640625, 0.98046875, 0.89453125, -0.51953125, -0.82421875, 1.171875, -1.90625, -2.140625, 0.1298828125, 0.2578125, 2.28125, -0.8125, 0.9453125, -1.65625, 1.46875, -0.7734375, 2.3125, 0.049560546875, -0.80078125, -1.3125, -0.73046875, 2.28125, -2.40625, -0.78125, 0.48046875, 1.859375, 0.89453125, -0.8828125, -0.1845703125, 0.6875, 1.3125, 0.30078125, 0.60546875, -1.5234375, -2.03125, 0.77734375, -1.15625, 0.185546875, 0.84765625, 0.19921875, 1.921875, 0.1005859375, -1.2265625, 0.25390625, 1.84375, -0.07958984375, 1.15625, -1.0625, 0.37109375, -2.5625, 0.828125, 1.1015625, 1.0234375, -0.87109375, -1.7890625, -0.8359375, -0.8828125, 0.447265625, 0.87109375, 1.2265625, 0.0291748046875, 0.73828125, 0.40625, 0.0888671875, -1.0390625, -1.96875, -0.2392578125, -1.15625, -0.94140625, 1.0703125, 0.01177978515625, 1.4375, 0.75390625, 3.15625, 1.59375, 2.234375, 2, 0.060791015625, 0.21875, -1.3203125, 1.125, 0.59375, 2.125, -1.4453125, -3.203125, 0.154296875, 0.1826171875, -1.1171875, -0.451171875, 1.0078125, 0.73046875, -1.3671875, -0.07666015625, -0.55078125, 0.12890625, 0.2353515625, -0.8203125, 0.96484375, -1.875, -0.310546875, -1.1875, 2.4375, -0.384765625, 0.1806640625, -2.375, -0.12451171875, 0.91796875, -0.83984375, -2.09375, 1.15625, 0.99609375, 0.8359375, 0.240234375, 0.83203125, -0.8125, -0.6015625, -0.74609375, -1.4375, -0.87890625, -0.072265625, 1.9140625, -2.40625, -0.337890625, 0.3828125, 2.046875, -0.80859375, 0.31640625, -3.609375, -0.330078125, 0.21484375, -3.296875, 2.03125, 0.26171875, 0.96484375, 0.06982421875, 0.236328125, -1.3828125, 0.419921875, 0.2734375, 0.546875, -0.765625, -0.09375, 0.7578125, 1.40625, -1.7578125, -0.7265625, 1.6328125, 0.6796875, -0.5, 2.46875, 0.482421875, -1.46875, 0.609375, 0.08984375, -0.25390625, 1.328125, 0.7109375, 0.01007080078125, 1.15625, -0.87109375, 1.5078125, -0.51953125, -1.53125, -1.40625, -0.2421875, -3.4375, 1.140625, -1.59375, -1.0234375, -1.2890625, -2.296875, -0.2236328125, 0.8671875, -0.12451171875, -0.51953125, 1.453125, 0.6171875, -0.427734375, 1.140625, -0.322265625, 0.400390625, -0.1640625, 0.73046875, -1.3515625, -0.421875, -0.00372314453125, -1.3203125, -1.234375, 0.6015625, -0.68359375, -0.70703125, -0.83984375, -0.220703125, -0.279296875, 0.85546875, 2.125, 1.2890625, 0.83984375, 0.23046875, -0.1708984375, 2.40625, 1.1015625, -0.130859375, 0.9921875, -0.671875, -0.96875, 0.703125, -0.97265625, -0.138671875, -0.5546875, 1.28125, -0.24609375, -0.7265625, -0.06396484375, -1.0546875, -0.7109375, 2.875, -1.6171875, 1.6796875, 1.0390625, -0.69921875, 0.1572265625, -0.84375, 1.3359375, -0.396484375, 0.9609375, -1.2578125, 0.451171875, -1.4609375, -0.400390625, -1.5703125, -0.004669189453125, 1.3828125, 0.69921875, -0.38671875, -1.8203125, 0.283203125, 1.609375, -0.70703125, -0.49609375, 2.0625, -0.0225830078125, 2.5625, -2.46875, -0.984375, 1.203125, 0.453125, -0.50390625, 0.65234375, -1.3046875, -0.03857421875, -0.4140625, 0.228515625, -1.2734375, -0.94140625, -0.984375, -1.2734375, 0.7421875, -1.09375, -0.6640625, -0.50390625, -1.4296875, 0.57421875, -0.404296875, 0.220703125, 0.953125, -0.052978515625, -1.0859375, 0.80078125, -0.2021484375, -1.8671875, -2.5, -1.328125, -0.51171875, 0.546875, 1.6328125, -0.028564453125, -0.166015625, -0.85546875, -0.4921875, 1.9765625, -1.4140625, -0.515625, 0.80859375, -0.8125, -0.9921875, -1.0859375, -0.1162109375, 0.58203125, 0.96484375, -1.234375, 0.67578125, 0.47265625, -0.302734375, -1.15625, 0.333984375, 0.181640625, -1.4609375, 0.2216796875, 0.38671875, 0.251953125, 0.10888671875, -1.390625, -0.0634765625, 0.142578125, -0.5546875, 0.74609375, 0.09228515625, 1.8203125, -1.2578125, -0.8203125, -0.66796875, -0.3359375, 0.052001953125, -1.1796875, 1.4140625, 0.63671875, 0.74609375, 0.07177734375, 0.734375, -1.65625, 1.8203125, -0.828125, 0.1923828125, 0.404296875, 0.466796875, 0.259765625, -0.1708984375, -1.875, 0.056884765625, 0.02099609375, -0.859375, 0.69140625, -0.28515625, -1.1953125, -0.75, -0.03662109375, 0.5546875, -1.5625, 1.171875, 1.3828125, 2.6875, -0.310546875, 1.1875, 0.6953125, -0.0322265625, -1.6328125, -0.11083984375, 1.8203125, 0.875, 2.28125, -0.01324462890625, 3.125, 1.671875, 0.34375, -0.71484375, 2.484375, -1.2890625, -0.76953125, -0.7265625, 2.078125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532452897
Cyclic loading of loose backfill placed adjacent to integral bridge abutments
Abutments for integral (or jointless) bridge decks experience cyclic rotations/translations due to temperature induced expansion and contraction of the decks. These movements generate cyclic displacements within the backfill placed adjacent to the abutment. To assist understanding of the consequences of such displacements, an experiment is described here in which the movements within a laboratory scale model of an abutment and loose backfill are measured. The distributions of displacements and strains within the backfill are recorded using an optical measurement technique. It is found that the cyclic rotations of an abutment in loose sand results in significant volumetric contraction of the sand mass in the area where an active wedge is created. The degree of contraction is related to the abutment rotation and the number of such rotations. Many of the observed features, including the trend for large increases in lateral stresses on the abutments, may be attributed to the tendency of loose backfill to experience strain hardening due to repeated cyclic straining.
[ -1.9453125, 1.5, 1.6171875, -0.38671875, 1.015625, -0.8828125, -2.6875, 1.53125, 0.91796875, 1.4609375, -0.51171875, 2.1875, 2.484375, -0.2734375, -0.07421875, -0.007293701171875, 0.042236328125, -0.640625, -0.9140625, -0.765625, 0.72265625, 1.671875, -0.365234375, -0.5859375, 0.85546875, 1.390625, -0.67578125, -1.25, -1.0703125, 1.234375, 1.6796875, -0.1884765625, -1.5859375, -1.21875, 0.6875, 0.212890625, -0.72265625, 0.57421875, 0.455078125, -0.044921875, 0.054443359375, -0.470703125, 0.310546875, 1.0546875, -0.275390625, -1.046875, -0.43359375, -2.34375, -1.515625, -0.50390625, -0.396484375, -1.3828125, 2.125, -0.07568359375, -1.8203125, 1.625, -2.03125, -1.0546875, 0.84765625, 0.0311279296875, -0.58203125, -0.87109375, -0.515625, -0.478515625, -0.91796875, -1.3125, 0.3046875, 1.515625, 0.6875, 1.671875, 1.1640625, -1.8203125, 0.150390625, -0.625, 0.455078125, -0.125, 0.462890625, 0.30859375, 0.349609375, 0.19921875, -0.96875, -1.59375, 0.23046875, -0.1865234375, 0.05322265625, 0.06982421875, -1.375, 2.109375, 0.68359375, -0.5390625, -1.03125, 0.302734375, 0.76171875, -0.96484375, -0.95703125, -0.373046875, -0.036865234375, 0.07080078125, -1.890625, 1.25, -1.1484375, 1.1953125, 1.6484375, -1.25, -0.0576171875, -0.035400390625, -2.78125, -0.1142578125, -1, 0.123046875, 0.045654296875, 1.53125, -0.318359375, 0.21484375, 0.5390625, -1.5078125, -0.10205078125, 1.140625, 1.015625, 1.1875, 1.203125, -2.4375, 0.953125, 0.9609375, 2.578125, 0.208984375, -1.890625, -2.3125, 0.30078125, -1.6484375, 1.2265625, 1.0625, -1.1875, 1.59375, 1.3515625, -0.51171875, 0.203125, 0.047119140625, 0.123046875, -0.68359375, 0.8359375, 0.53125, -0.90625, 0.181640625, -0.14453125, 0.58984375, 2.578125, 0.251953125, -0.054931640625, 2.03125, -0.69140625, -0.259765625, -1.8828125, 2.578125, 0.16015625, -1.2109375, -2.09375, 1.9375, -0.59765625, 1.140625, 0.51171875, -0.212890625, 1.5234375, -0.73046875, -0.9140625, -0.1708984375, -2.078125, 0.474609375, 0.9375, -0.578125, -0.83203125, 0.369140625, 0.447265625, 0.310546875, 1.390625, -2.703125, -2.03125, 0.0966796875, 1.390625, -1.1953125, 0.75390625, 2.09375, -0.203125, -0.466796875, 0.8046875, 1.0859375, -0.72265625, 0.68359375, -0.62109375, 1.0234375, 0.0390625, -0.765625, -1.75, 1.3203125, 1.03125, -1.109375, 1.4921875, 2.421875, -0.00077056884765625, -0.5234375, -2.5625, -0.609375, -1.0390625, -0.9375, -1.2890625, -0.234375, 0.25390625, -0.63671875, 0.41015625, 2.15625, -0.92578125, -0.52734375, -1.0546875, -0.11376953125, -0.640625, 0.50390625, 0.6484375, 2.71875, -0.12890625, -0.263671875, 1.390625, 0.7265625, -1.9375, 0.016357421875, 0.68359375, -1.1171875, -0.1669921875, 0.353515625, -2.359375, -0.032470703125, 0.482421875, -1.359375, 0.9296875, 0.314453125, 1.03125, 0.259765625, 1.109375, 1.1328125, 1.6171875, 0.70703125, 0.44140625, -0.49609375, -0.90625, 0.7578125, 1.390625, -0.10400390625, 0.92578125, -0.9453125, 0.17578125, 0.69140625, 1.390625, 1.890625, -0.37109375, -0.1767578125, -0.306640625, -0.349609375, -0.59375, 0.734375, 0.053466796875, -1.2578125, -0.34765625, 0.50390625, -0.451171875, -0.3125, -0.73828125, -2.53125, 0.796875, 0.86328125, -1.125, 0.70703125, -0.2294921875, -1.1015625, -1.4375, 0.61328125, 0.2099609375, 0.5078125, -1.2421875, -0.59375, 1.2421875, 1.3671875, -1.328125, -0.76953125, -0.462890625, 0.062255859375, -0.024169921875, 2, 0.70703125, 1.1328125, -1.1484375, -2.046875, -0.82421875, -1.4296875, -1.953125, -1.0078125, -1.0078125, -0.4453125, -0.07470703125, 1.2734375, -1.25, 1.8515625, 0.72265625, 0.416015625, -0.3515625, -2.125, 1.6875, -2.21875, -1.2578125, -1.8359375, 2.09375, 1.234375, 0.330078125, -0.4609375, -1.703125, 0.58203125, 2.375, -1.3359375, 0.546875, -1.6875, 0.6015625, 1.9375, 1.6953125, 0.5546875, -1.7734375, 0.494140625, -0.625, -1.171875, 0.1953125, -0.55078125, -1.015625, -1.2109375, -1.46875, 0.1748046875, 0.279296875, -0.99609375, -0.734375, 1.390625, 0.466796875, -1.3828125, 1.0859375, 1.09375, 0.640625, -2.25, 0.216796875, 1.390625, 0.56640625, 0.58984375, -1.1796875, -0.404296875, 1.3359375, -1.28125, -0.9765625, -0.78515625, 0.73828125, -0.10302734375, -0.81640625, 1.453125, 0.392578125, -1.765625, 1.0703125, -1.703125, -0.361328125, -0.380859375, -0.228515625, 0.953125, 0.32421875, 0.12451171875, -2.125, -1.15625, -0.8359375, 0.25, 2.171875, 0.69921875, -1.5234375, 0.470703125, 2.015625, 1.1328125, -1.28125, -1.234375, -1.203125, 1.90625, -0.396484375, 2.703125, -1.015625, 1.5546875, 1.96875, 1.09375, 0.294921875, -0.06640625, -0.78515625, 0.50390625, -0.224609375, -0.49609375, -2.53125, -1.1484375, 1.9375, 1.1640625, 1.0859375, 0.6484375, -0.30078125, -0.46484375, 0.04931640625, 2.0625, 1.8515625, -1.171875, -2.21875, -0.8125, -1.3515625, 1.859375, 1.296875, 0.474609375, -0.8203125, 0.482421875, -0.85546875, -0.158203125, 0.53515625, -2.484375, 1.921875, 0.1826171875, -1.3828125, -1.5546875, 0.98828125, 1.3359375, 1.28125, 0.68359375, -0.234375, -1.2734375, 0.5078125, 0.81640625, -2.84375, -0.61328125, -0.271484375, -1.2265625, -0.69140625, -0.7578125, -0.365234375, -0.3515625, 1.59375, 0.24609375, -2.5, -0.427734375, 0.58203125, -0.58984375, 0.83984375, 0.361328125, 2.328125, 2.265625, 1.109375, -0.380859375, 0.140625, 0.259765625, 1.9921875, -0.7109375, -2.28125, -1.7421875, 0.4609375, -0.99609375, -1.0625, -0.51171875, 0.921875, -0.2060546875, -1.1640625, -0.87109375, 0.220703125, 1.3671875, -0.62890625, -2.171875, 0.0966796875, 0.7265625, -0.408203125, 0.81640625, 1.578125, -0.2314453125, -0.68359375, -0.048583984375, 1.3984375, -0.1015625, 1.1484375, 0.76953125, 0.49609375, 1.859375, 1.0703125, 1.4296875, -0.058837890625, 1.8515625, -0.1259765625, 0.34375, -0.70703125, 0.38671875, -0.388671875, 1.0625, 0.625, 0.66796875, 0.01611328125, -1.4453125, 1.0078125, -0.208984375, 0.54296875, 0.134765625, 0.6328125, -0.75390625, -0.875, -1.9140625, -0.8359375, -1.375, 0.95703125, -1, -0.6875, 0.349609375, -1.75, 2.46875, 1.4609375, 2.421875, -1.8046875, -0.15625, 1.6171875, -0.494140625, 2.6875, -0.470703125, -1.0546875, -0.5078125, 1.359375, 0.435546875, -0.66796875, 0.115234375, -0.255859375, 0.376953125, 1.5625, 1.2265625, 1.109375, -0.61328125, -0.26953125, -0.302734375, 1.4609375, 1.390625, -0.8671875, 0.265625, 0.099609375, -0.0242919921875, 0.13671875, -1.390625, -1.4375, -0.08447265625, -0.65234375, -1.1328125, 0.439453125, 0.083984375, 0.29296875, 2.296875, -0.65234375, -2.390625, 0.126953125, -0.234375, -1.578125, -1.1875, 0.50390625, 1.8359375, -1.4140625, -0.451171875, 1.96875, -1.3671875, -0.56640625, -0.6953125, 0.65234375, 0.46875, -0.376953125, 0.6328125, -0.62890625, 0.298828125, 1.2734375, -0.8984375, -1.09375, 0.4296875, 0.66015625, -0.36328125, 1.734375, -1.15625, -1.0703125, 0.48828125, -0.0263671875, -1.1484375, 0.5, -0.392578125, 0.62109375, 1.953125, 0.1669921875, 0.392578125, 0.8671875, 1.59375, 0.326171875, -1.234375, -0.87890625, -1.796875, 0.3984375, 0.9453125, 0.83984375, 0.10498046875, -0.1162109375, 0.45703125, -0.23046875, -0.38671875, -0.1591796875, 0.94921875, 0.061767578125, 0.28125, 0.162109375, 0.33984375, -0.5234375, 0.82421875, -0.349609375, -0.427734375, -1.484375, 0.232421875, -0.1728515625, -0.2109375, 1.8515625, 0.8828125, 1.296875, -0.419921875, 0.90625, 0.30859375, 0.4921875, 0.8984375, -0.06982421875, 2.53125, 0.1728515625, -1.5078125, 1.609375, -1.703125, 0.88671875, 0.71484375, -0.9375, 0.51171875, -0.8046875, -2.140625, -0.65234375, -1.859375, -1.4453125, 1.328125, -0.57421875, 1.625, 0.90234375, 0.0003833770751953125, 1.171875, -1.2578125, -0.9609375, 0.84765625, -1.9296875, -0.361328125, -0.85546875, 2.6875, -1.5546875, 1.6484375, -0.1865234375, -1.2421875, -0.12890625, -0.984375, -2.296875, 0.019775390625, 1.4375, -0.75, 0.326171875, 0.72265625, -2.140625, 0.90234375, 1.4453125, 2.453125, -0.0225830078125, -0.28515625, -0.337890625, 0.44140625, 0.006195068359375, -0.189453125, -0.51953125, 2.609375, -0.400390625, 1.078125, -2.078125, 2.765625, -1.8984375, 0.0791015625, -0.029296875, -0.60546875, 0.05712890625, 2.015625, 1.140625, -1.0078125, 0.17578125, -0.2021484375, -0.5859375, 0.5390625, -1.0625, 1.5703125, -0.373046875, 1.3046875, 1.3046875, 0.63671875, 0.43359375, -0.05322265625, 0.625, 0.09912109375, -1.4765625, 0.55859375, -0.76171875, -0.6796875, -0.86328125, -0.482421875, 0.431640625, 2.703125, -0.1689453125, -0.2275390625, -1.3203125, -0.62890625, -0.2890625, 0.6484375, 1.8125, 0.43359375, -1.203125, 0.224609375, -1.09375, 1.296875, 0.6640625, 0.291015625, 0.73046875, -0.90234375, 1.390625, -0.4375, -1.5, 0.458984375, -0.75, 0.6015625, -0.375, -1.859375, 0.396484375, -1.21875, -0.03466796875, -0.8046875, 0.1455078125, 0.421875, 0.314453125, -0.2333984375, -0.2412109375, 2.921875, -0.7578125, 0.59375, 1.3671875, 0.2099609375, -0.39453125, -1.34375, -0.58203125, -0.88671875, 0.2275390625, -1.34375, 0.0712890625, -1.4765625, 0.2294921875, -1.78125, 0.62890625, 0.734375, -0.66015625, -1.2734375, 0.76171875, -0.27734375, 1.3515625, -0.08349609375, 1.4375, 1.0625, 0.244140625, -1.484375, -1.3359375, -0.2451171875, -0.72265625, -0.7109375, 0.66015625, 0.07568359375, 0.6875, -0.1494140625, 0.4453125, -2.125, -0.6015625, -1.09375, -1.09375, -0.8203125, -1.125, -0.435546875, -0.65234375, 1.640625, 0.17578125, -0.1396484375, 0.125, -1.03125, -0.04638671875, -0.23046875, -0.5234375, 0.59765625, 0.70703125, -1.015625, -0.578125, 0.625, -0.482421875, 1.1484375, -0.435546875, 0.89453125, 1.9609375, 0.95703125, -1.2734375, 0.671875, -0.9921875, 0.8359375, 0.609375, 0.5859375, 1.5859375, -0.421875, 2.203125, 0.68359375, -0.9375, -0.29296875, -0.431640625, 0.5859375, 0.99609375, 1.609375, 0.67578125, 0.29296875, 0.60546875, -0.16015625, 2.53125, -0.67578125, -0.12060546875, 0.296875, -0.69921875, 0.5625, -1.7578125, -0.87109375, -1.640625, -0.33203125, 0.1669921875, -0.77734375, -1.5703125, -0.08349609375, 0.09326171875, -0.046142578125, -0.55078125, 2.515625, 1.5390625, 0.8671875, -1.609375, -1.078125, -0.423828125, -0.236328125, -1.625, 0.0228271484375, 1.0234375, 0.1865234375, 1.7109375, -0.765625, -0.42578125, -2.390625, -1.1328125, 1.1796875, 1.671875, 0.345703125, 0.33203125, 1.3828125, 1.8359375, 2.65625, 0.302734375, -0.80078125, 0.181640625, -1.265625, -0.2578125, 1.21875, -1.78125, -0.0859375, 0.91796875, 0.275390625, -0.86328125, -0.419921875, -1.125, -1.1328125, -0.06982421875, 2.5, -1.0078125, -1.5078125, -2.046875, -0.78515625, 0.43359375, -0.60546875, -0.19140625, 0.357421875, -0.8203125, -0.7890625, 0.1708984375, 1.859375, -0.78515625, 0.75390625, 0.08642578125, 0.44921875, -0.330078125, -1.28125, -1.1953125, -0.2373046875, -1.453125, 0.431640625, -0.9765625, 0.52734375, -0.7421875, 0.5625, -1.796875, -0.380859375, 1.03125, 1.0703125, -0.64453125, 0.01483154296875, -1.2265625, 2.015625, 0.703125, 0.58984375, 0.34765625, -0.85546875, -0.37890625, 0.640625, 1.6328125, -0.2197265625, -1.5234375, 1.6484375, -2.328125, 0.09130859375, -1.8203125, -0.55078125, 0.33984375, -0.298828125, -0.625, -0.8828125, 0.93359375, 0.458984375, -0.89453125, -1.6875, 0.6328125, 0.396484375, 1.8125, 0.1318359375, -0.1826171875, -0.3828125, -2.078125, 0.002777099609375, -2.1875, 1.046875, -0.1533203125, -1.1484375, 1.1171875, 0.439453125, 0.1064453125, 2.296875, 1.015625, 0.1220703125, 1.4921875, -0.478515625, -1.1875, 0.77734375, -0.09228515625, 0.6484375, -0.57421875, 1.625, -1.3671875, 0.04736328125, -0.01519775390625, -2.109375, -0.322265625, 0.431640625, -0.1591796875, 1.046875, -0.451171875, 0.77734375, -1.7734375, 0.56640625, -1.5625, 1.734375, -1.1171875, 0.84375, 0.60546875, 0.92578125, 1.1484375, 0.1044921875, 0.06396484375, -0.294921875, -0.2490234375, 0.81640625, 0.1494140625, 0.1826171875, 1.015625, -0.62109375, 1.8125, 0.55078125, -0.57421875, 0.80859375, 1.0078125, 0.4140625, -0.1416015625, -0.79296875, 0.3984375, -0.89453125, -0.369140625, -1.5390625, 1.65625, 0.76171875, 0.77734375, -0.1328125, 0.46875, 0.72265625, 0.87109375, -0.2099609375, -1.1640625, 0.380859375, -1.9609375, -0.2373046875, 1.984375, 0.78515625, 1.1015625, 1.375, 0.14453125, 0.32421875, -0.609375, -0.8828125, 0.82421875, 1.53125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532462036
Diversity of Hepatitis B virus infecting Malaysian candidate blood donors is driven by viral and host factors
Summary. Malaysia is a medium endemic country for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection but little is known about HBV strains circulating in Malaysian blood donors. Viral load, HBsAg concentrations and nested PCR products from 84 HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positive samples were analysed in detail. Median viral load was 3050 IU/mL and median HBsAg 1150 IU/mL. Fifty-six full genome, 20 pre-S/S, 1 S gene and six basic core promoter/precore-only sequences were obtained. Genotypes B and C were present at a ratio of 2:1, and two genotype D samples were obtained, both from donors of Indian background. Phylogenetically, genotype B was more diverse with subgenotypes B2-5, B7 and B8 present, while most genotype C strains were from subgenotype C1. Genotypes B and C were equally frequent in ethnic Malays, but 80% of strains from Chinese were genotype B. HBsAg concentrations were higher in genotype C than in genotype B, in Chinese than Malays and in donors under the age of 30. HBV vaccine escape substitutions (P120S/T, I126N and G145G) were present in six strains. In the large surface protein, immuno-inactive regions were more mutated than CD8 epitopes and the major hydrophilic region. Strains of genotype B or from ethnic Malays had higher genetic diversity than strains of genotype C or from Chinese donors. Hence HBV strains circulating in Malaysia are phylogenetically diverse reflecting the ethnic mix of its population. Ethnic Malays carry lower HBsAg levels and higher genetic diversity of the surface antigen, possibly resulting in more effective immune control of the infection.
[ -0.90625, 1.5703125, 1.3984375, -0.515625, -0.2578125, -0.81640625, -1.2421875, -0.390625, 0.73046875, -0.953125, -0.828125, 1.1640625, 2.65625, -0.60546875, 0.875, -0.7109375, -0.65625, 0.032470703125, -0.78515625, 0.796875, 0.40625, -0.97265625, -1.265625, 0.8515625, 0.83203125, -0.0191650390625, -0.1513671875, -0.056640625, -0.0859375, 1.84375, 0.80078125, 1.1484375, -1.234375, -1.015625, 0.205078125, -0.5703125, 0.77734375, 0.76171875, 1.4375, 0.369140625, 1.46875, -0.734375, 0.0284423828125, -0.62890625, 0.265625, 0.034423828125, -0.5390625, -0.498046875, -0.73046875, -1.390625, -0.220703125, 0.796875, 1.8046875, -0.671875, 0.8515625, 0.67578125, -1.6875, -0.60546875, 2.234375, 0.033447265625, -0.1533203125, -2.3125, 0.287109375, 0.030029296875, 1.1328125, 0.65625, -0.007080078125, 1.6171875, 0.92578125, 0.80078125, 0.38671875, 1.3203125, 0.57421875, -0.451171875, 0.10986328125, 0.390625, -0.12255859375, 0.01190185546875, 0.82421875, 0.5703125, -0.251953125, -0.404296875, -0.38671875, -0.2275390625, 0.0830078125, 0.5703125, 0.466796875, 2.625, 0.5234375, 0.51171875, -0.48828125, 1, 0.435546875, -0.34375, -0.5625, 0.5, 0.25390625, -0.33984375, -1.3828125, 2.109375, -0.453125, -0.019287109375, -0.466796875, -1.8046875, -0.498046875, -0.10595703125, -0.53125, -0.3046875, -1.265625, -0.515625, 1.375, -0.8046875, 1.7890625, 0.1572265625, 0.90625, 0.11865234375, 0.051513671875, 0.92578125, -0.380859375, -0.5390625, 0.80859375, -1.3359375, 0.78125, -1.90625, 0.83984375, 1.828125, -1.7265625, 0.625, 0.9765625, -0.453125, 0.453125, -0.296875, 0.96484375, -0.330078125, 0.734375, -0.5703125, 0.1142578125, 0.4921875, 1.6953125, 0.10986328125, 0.462890625, 1.484375, -1.5390625, -0.6015625, -0.203125, -0.416015625, 1.328125, -1.109375, -1.03125, -0.1787109375, -0.71484375, -0.275390625, 0.265625, 1.8125, 0.0244140625, 0.2451171875, -0.330078125, 1.421875, 0.177734375, -0.25390625, -0.87890625, -2.21875, 0.427734375, 1.109375, 0.1298828125, -0.345703125, -0.5078125, -0.00439453125, 0.359375, 0.47265625, -0.52734375, 0.154296875, -0.359375, -0.1982421875, 1.078125, -0.3203125, -0.92578125, 0.7578125, -0.26953125, -0.1669921875, -0.1572265625, 1.3203125, -0.1650390625, -0.671875, 0.6796875, -0.2255859375, -0.6796875, -0.6015625, -1.234375, -0.2578125, 0.220703125, -0.6015625, -0.87890625, 0.8671875, -0.984375, -0.06884765625, -0.435546875, 0.94140625, -1.59375, 0.359375, -0.90234375, 0.453125, 0.4296875, -0.53515625, 1.8203125, 0.0908203125, 1.6640625, 0.486328125, -0.05810546875, 0.359375, -0.10693359375, -1.03125, -0.796875, 1.4375, -0.9296875, -1.3671875, 0.271484375, 1.703125, -0.8125, 0.03759765625, 1.28125, 0.486328125, 0.0177001953125, 0.1279296875, 0.091796875, -0.035888671875, 0.9765625, 1.421875, -1.78125, 0.427734375, 1.0234375, 0.322265625, 1.09375, 0.546875, -0.68359375, 0.04638671875, 0.1767578125, 0.93359375, 1.0625, -0.216796875, 0.052734375, -0.5859375, 0.7890625, 0.9375, 0.185546875, -2.265625, 1.125, 0.451171875, -0.69140625, 0.578125, 0.30859375, -0.6171875, -1.15625, -0.27734375, -0.04638671875, 0.478515625, -0.09619140625, 1.0859375, 0.546875, -1.1484375, -0.7578125, 1.0234375, -0.12060546875, 0.004241943359375, -0.44921875, -0.2197265625, 0.142578125, -0.72265625, -0.95703125, -0.1787109375, -1.0078125, -0.353515625, 0.11083984375, -0.412109375, -0.46484375, 0.7265625, 1.0390625, -0.73828125, 0.5546875, -0.2216796875, 0.0260009765625, -0.498046875, -0.3046875, -0.158203125, 1.3984375, 0.21875, 0.7265625, -0.85546875, -0.2470703125, 0.578125, -0.65234375, -0.359375, -1.390625, -0.1337890625, 0.51953125, -0.75, 0.458984375, 1.8359375, -1.078125, 0.95703125, 1.7578125, 0.451171875, -0.5390625, -1.71875, 1.5859375, -0.298828125, -0.54296875, -1.1171875, -1.078125, 0.11083984375, 1.2109375, -0.12451171875, -1.6484375, -0.0849609375, 0.462890625, 0.365234375, 1.0703125, -1.7734375, 0.7734375, 0.3203125, -0.8359375, 0.138671875, 0.50390625, 0.0966796875, -0.388671875, -1.7890625, -0.90625, -0.2158203125, -0.443359375, 0.87109375, -1.1796875, 0.283203125, -0.1953125, -1.3359375, -0.56640625, -0.042236328125, -1.0625, 0.08984375, 1.609375, -0.32421875, 0.98828125, -0.953125, -1.7109375, -0.51953125, 1.515625, 0.2890625, -0.06591796875, -0.89453125, 0.70703125, -2.296875, -0.46484375, 0.91015625, 1.2265625, -0.458984375, -0.49609375, 0.71875, 0.8359375, -0.24609375, -0.57421875, 1.28125, 0.09326171875, 1.0703125, -0.8984375, 1.2890625, -0.32421875, -0.765625, -0.482421875, -0.232421875, -0.83984375, 0.443359375, 1.1328125, -1.34375, 0.375, 0.1015625, -0.318359375, 1.4453125, 0.28125, -0.005523681640625, -0.400390625, -0.302734375, -0.134765625, 0.546875, -1.40625, 0.91796875, 1.7734375, 0.255859375, 0.400390625, 0.890625, 0.390625, -0.025390625, -0.921875, -0.357421875, -2.421875, 0.0174560546875, 0.326171875, 1.0625, 1.6953125, 0.5859375, -1.3828125, -1.40625, 0.0947265625, 1.3515625, -0.51953125, -0.03759765625, -0.6953125, 0.2001953125, -0.4921875, -1.34375, -1.3125, 1.1171875, -1.015625, 1.1640625, 0.1005859375, 0.26171875, 1.1953125, 0.423828125, 1.25, -0.51171875, -0.72265625, 0.43359375, 2.625, -0.9453125, 0.98828125, -1.640625, -1.140625, 0.193359375, -0.1328125, 0.91015625, -0.294921875, -0.68359375, 0.75390625, 0.095703125, 0.1669921875, -0.9765625, 1.1640625, -0.90234375, -1.6171875, 0.466796875, -1.078125, 0.98046875, 0.515625, 0.1630859375, 0.244140625, -0.9140625, 0.484375, 1.3359375, -1.453125, 0.470703125, 0.23046875, 0.66796875, 0.341796875, -0.7265625, -0.96875, 0.08154296875, -0.1787109375, 0.298828125, -0.392578125, -0.70703125, -1.5, -0.640625, -0.035888671875, -0.12060546875, -0.7265625, -0.0145263671875, 0.43359375, -0.80078125, 0.244140625, 0.283203125, 0.20703125, 2.3125, 0.58203125, -0.07666015625, -1.0625, 0.2451171875, 0.48046875, -0.625, -0.1494140625, -2.203125, 0.625, 1.7109375, 1.109375, 0.4453125, 0.9453125, 0.953125, 1.046875, 0.031005859375, -0.828125, 0.3828125, -0.828125, -0.4296875, -0.10498046875, -1.015625, 0.7890625, 1.609375, 0.53515625, 1.1796875, 0.1484375, 1.0859375, -1.0078125, 0.10986328125, -0.1328125, -1.75, -2.15625, -0.63671875, 0.1376953125, 0.1171875, -0.0002498626708984375, -0.1494140625, -2.046875, -0.361328125, 0.41796875, 2.5625, -2.5625, -0.7890625, 0.259765625, -0.7421875, 0.03271484375, 0.9375, -0.1962890625, -0.25390625, 1.015625, -1.9375, -0.09130859375, 0.10400390625, 1.0625, 0.95703125, 1.578125, -0.1435546875, -0.4609375, -1.5234375, -0.044677734375, -0.59765625, 1.1328125, 0.6328125, -0.345703125, -0.59375, 0.51953125, 0.515625, 0.33984375, -0.263671875, -0.466796875, -0.57421875, -0.8125, -0.337890625, 1.9609375, -0.041259765625, -0.95703125, 1.234375, 0.51953125, -0.310546875, -0.81640625, 0.875, 0.244140625, -0.78515625, -0.5390625, 0.376953125, 1.28125, -1.2421875, 0.1337890625, -0.17578125, -1.7109375, -1, 0.84765625, 0.8828125, 0.5703125, -0.41015625, -2.015625, 0.2431640625, 0.2470703125, 0.91015625, 0.478515625, -0.0079345703125, 0.90234375, 0.345703125, 0.97265625, -0.154296875, -0.88671875, -2.0625, 1.125, -1.6484375, 0.54296875, 2.3125, 0.52734375, 0.47265625, -0.064453125, 0.050537109375, -0.042724609375, -0.130859375, 0.81640625, -1.71875, -1.1796875, 0.69140625, 0.73046875, -0.8203125, 1.4921875, -0.400390625, 0.625, 1.3671875, 0.03515625, -0.390625, -0.3984375, -0.859375, 0.24609375, -0.0791015625, -0.3828125, -0.921875, -0.95703125, 0.28125, -0.130859375, 0.91015625, 0.703125, -0.25390625, -0.53125, -0.05078125, 0.90625, 0.26953125, 0.2890625, -1.109375, -0.65234375, 1.515625, -1.3828125, 0.73046875, 1.2265625, 1.40625, -0.7734375, -1.703125, 0.54296875, -0.51171875, 0.478515625, -0.62109375, -0.7578125, 0.359375, 0.484375, 0.41015625, -0.11767578125, 0.9609375, -0.64453125, 1.28125, 1.4296875, 0.92578125, 1.7265625, 1.0390625, 0.322265625, -0.0751953125, -0.427734375, 1.0859375, -0.81640625, -0.369140625, 0.28515625, 2.421875, -0.369140625, -0.09912109375, 0.027587890625, 0.70703125, 0.1552734375, 1.859375, -1.9140625, -0.1259765625, -1.3515625, 0.443359375, 1.6953125, 0.8828125, -0.59375, -0.90234375, 1.5078125, -0.07421875, -0.390625, -1.640625, -0.11083984375, 1.390625, -0.240234375, -0.453125, 0.482421875, -0.1005859375, -0.46484375, 0.177734375, 0.439453125, 1.7578125, -0.9609375, 1.15625, 0.84765625, -1.28125, -0.59375, 0.000972747802734375, 0.29296875, -0.439453125, -0.609375, -1.2421875, 0.44921875, -1.0078125, -0.01104736328125, 0.1123046875, 1.671875, 1.3828125, -0.04296875, -0.376953125, 0.11376953125, -0.0291748046875, 0.1650390625, 0.1865234375, 1.390625, -0.003631591796875, 1.203125, -0.055419921875, -0.515625, -1.203125, 1.3515625, -0.21484375, -0.287109375, 0.5859375, 0.5625, -1.0625, -0.69140625, 0.8984375, 1.2578125, 1.109375, 0.265625, 1.296875, -0.3046875, 0.055908203125, 0.94921875, -0.115234375, 0.62890625, 0.59765625, -1.609375, -2.34375, -0.0751953125, -0.443359375, 0.78515625, -0.076171875, -0.474609375, -0.80859375, 0.431640625, -0.86328125, -0.310546875, 0.1005859375, -0.5390625, 1.09375, -0.2490234375, 1.1484375, -0.341796875, -0.09814453125, 0.1953125, -0.9296875, -0.91796875, -0.16015625, -0.1328125, -2.171875, 0.0228271484375, -0.3828125, 0.291015625, -0.2421875, -0.6328125, 2.75, 0.9296875, -1.3125, -0.66796875, -0.296875, -0.298828125, -1.8046875, 0.72265625, 0.625, 1.5625, -0.416015625, 1.0703125, 0.1728515625, -0.18359375, -0.328125, 1.1328125, -0.87890625, 0.059814453125, -1.3359375, 1.625, 1.3203125, 0.0022735595703125, 0.318359375, -0.890625, -1.046875, 0.162109375, -0.0284423828125, 0.265625, 0.361328125, -0.4765625, -0.14453125, -1.796875, 0.484375, 0.796875, -1.203125, -0.92578125, 1.1640625, -0.7109375, 0.66796875, 0.52734375, -0.365234375, -0.79296875, -0.02099609375, 0.57421875, -0.2177734375, 0.546875, -0.431640625, 1.625, 0.251953125, 0.8125, 0.86328125, 0.314453125, 0.038818359375, -0.349609375, 1.390625, -1.7890625, -1, 0.7578125, -0.76953125, 0.048095703125, 0.0230712890625, -0.53125, 0.302734375, 0.48828125, -0.2099609375, 0.59375, 2.09375, 0.73828125, -0.341796875, 0.26953125, 0.2099609375, -0.3828125, -0.94140625, 0.00439453125, -1.40625, -2.453125, 1.359375, 0.189453125, -0.8125, -1.953125, -0.69140625, -0.5234375, -0.3515625, -0.435546875, -1.046875, 0.328125, 1.046875, 0.1708984375, 1.375, 1.0546875, 0.02099609375, -1.03125, -1.1640625, -0.46484375, -1.3125, 0.291015625, -0.734375, 1.78125, 0.36328125, 0.048095703125, -1.3125, -0.1962890625, -0.427734375, 0.05126953125, 0.220703125, 0.62890625, 1.5546875, 0.25390625, -0.130859375, 0.27734375, 1.9609375, 0.2412109375, 0.07861328125, -0.94140625, 1.1015625, 0.07666015625, 0.99609375, 1.0703125, 0.345703125, -0.1318359375, 2.28125, -0.1533203125, -1.3984375, -0.10107421875, -0.291015625, 1.3359375, 1.7734375, -0.73828125, -0.1337890625, -1.21875, -0.30078125, 0.64453125, -0.90234375, 0.73828125, -0.11572265625, 0.314453125, -0.251953125, 1.0546875, -1.2890625, -0.275390625, -0.07421875, 0.55859375, 0.5703125, -0.95703125, 0.408203125, -0.03662109375, 1, -0.61328125, -0.25390625, -0.3984375, 1.78125, -1.71875, -0.640625, -1.09375, -0.63671875, 0.97265625, 0.90234375, -1.03125, -0.7890625, -0.404296875, -0.1044921875, 0.26953125, -1.5703125, -0.1298828125, 0.58203125, 1.2578125, 0.0186767578125, 0.2421875, 0.049560546875, -0.84765625, 0.796875, 0.01806640625, 0.94140625, -1.9140625, -0.6171875, -0.55859375, -0.4609375, -0.703125, -0.84375, 0.4140625, -1.4296875, -0.69921875, -2.328125, 1.1796875, 0.19140625, 0.1083984375, -0.51171875, 1.0234375, -0.36328125, 1.9765625, 0.031982421875, 0.046875, 0.3515625, -0.5859375, 0.859375, -0.038330078125, -0.80859375, -1.40625, 1.078125, 0.6875, -0.466796875, 2, 0.271484375, -0.2265625, 1.3203125, -1.265625, 0.154296875, -0.041748046875, -0.70703125, 0.30859375, 0.427734375, 0.1416015625, -1.5859375, -0.341796875, 1.1328125, 0.50390625, 0.416015625, 0.337890625, 0.11328125, -1.359375, 0.8359375, 1.125, 0.70703125, -1.2109375, 0.6875, 0.474609375, -0.6640625, -0.2275390625, 1.484375, 1.71875, 0.48046875, 0.640625, 0.43359375, 0.047119140625, 1.109375, 0.470703125, -1.1171875, 0.6953125, -1.0078125, -0.166015625, 0.04541015625, -1.3671875, 0.185546875, -0.91796875, 0.0072021484375, -0.1904296875, -1.7265625, -0.3671875, 0.255859375, 1.578125, 0.91796875, 2.375, -0.359375, 0.00701904296875, -0.275390625, -0.1064453125, -0.1572265625, -1.3828125, 1.7109375, -0.279296875, -0.87109375, 0.46875, 0.2109375, 1.0390625, 1.1640625, 0.287109375, -0.048095703125, 0.42578125, -1.2578125, -0.671875, 2.09375 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532601580
Homological conjectures, old and new
We discuss a number of the local homological conjectures, many of which are now theorems in equal characteristic and conjectures in mixed characteristic. One focus is the syzygy theorem of Evans and Griffith, and its connection with the direct summand conjecture, the existence of big Cohen-Macaulay modules and algebras, and tight closure theory.
[ -1.15625, 1.046875, 2.21875, -1.3359375, 0.06640625, -0.86328125, -1.140625, 1.734375, 1.8125, 1.4375, -0.20703125, 1.6015625, 1.5703125, -0.28515625, 1.21875, -2.234375, 0.63671875, -0.80078125, -0.369140625, 0.1279296875, 0.2041015625, -0.474609375, -2.078125, -0.5859375, 0.061767578125, 1.2265625, -1.9609375, -1.953125, 0.79296875, 1.4453125, 0.2578125, 1.375, -1.328125, -0.546875, -0.58984375, 0.7578125, -1.5546875, 1.53125, -0.291015625, 0.1416015625, -0.82421875, -0.162109375, 1.8046875, -0.3125, -0.09814453125, -1.1171875, -1.3828125, 0.5546875, -0.6953125, 1.78125, -0.80859375, -0.279296875, -0.2216796875, 0.134765625, 0.15625, -0.388671875, -1.6953125, -1.03125, 0.73828125, -0.671875, -0.1962890625, -1.453125, 0.7578125, 0.333984375, -1.40625, -0.515625, -0.2314453125, -0.400390625, 0.62890625, 0.65625, 1.8828125, 0.1689453125, -0.55859375, -1.7265625, -0.7421875, -2.03125, -0.953125, 1.2890625, 0.5859375, 1.1015625, 0.1630859375, 0.068359375, -0.443359375, 1.046875, -1.5625, 1.7890625, -0.466796875, 3.03125, 0.494140625, 0.46875, 2.578125, 0.6640625, -0.48828125, -1.765625, 0.05126953125, -0.91015625, 1.2109375, 0.5625, -0.5078125, 0.703125, -1.296875, -1.265625, 0.8203125, 0.91015625, 0.416015625, 0.546875, 0.369140625, -1.328125, 0.003936767578125, 0.361328125, 0.287109375, -1.1640625, 1.4765625, 1.6953125, 0.373046875, -0.6640625, 1.96875, 0.90625, 0.99609375, 0.275390625, -0.82421875, -2.140625, -0.095703125, 1.0625, 1.0546875, -0.640625, -0.48046875, 0.08740234375, 0.130859375, 1.3515625, 1.7109375, -0.326171875, -0.18359375, 1.1640625, 1.96875, -0.45703125, -0.69140625, 1.234375, 0.89453125, -0.53125, -0.9921875, 0.80859375, -1.84375, -0.1533203125, -1.078125, 0.49609375, 0.65625, 0.45703125, 1.453125, 1.7890625, -1.265625, -2.03125, -2.4375, 0.828125, 1.046875, -0.46484375, 0.734375, 2.765625, -0.056396484375, -0.259765625, 0.40625, -1.359375, 2.890625, -2.421875, 0.55859375, -0.515625, -1.59375, -0.9375, 0.04052734375, -0.59375, 0.1884765625, 1.171875, -0.251953125, -1.1015625, 2.234375, -1.546875, -1.6015625, 0.734375, -0.0130615234375, -1.8984375, 0.58203125, 0.345703125, 0.3203125, -0.2490234375, 1.375, 2.203125, -2.40625, 0.87109375, -0.671875, 0.0830078125, 0.859375, -2.171875, -0.765625, 1.8828125, 0.36328125, 0.322265625, -1.640625, 1.546875, -0.498046875, -1.375, -2.578125, -1.0703125, 0.890625, -2.078125, 0.55859375, 0.365234375, 0.96484375, 1.5703125, 0.1513671875, 2.890625, -0.42578125, -1.6796875, -0.9921875, -0.369140625, -0.66796875, -1, -1.6640625, 2.015625, 0.9296875, -2.015625, 0.458984375, 0.828125, 0.01470947265625, -0.1181640625, 0.9921875, -1.140625, -0.86328125, 1.484375, -2.140625, 0.2490234375, 0.54296875, -1.3125, 0.263671875, -1.40625, 0.169921875, 1.640625, 1.0859375, 1.7734375, 3, -0.330078125, 1.765625, -3.796875, -0.51953125, 1.5234375, 1.65625, 1.328125, -0.3125, -0.46484375, -0.65625, 0.1650390625, 1.4140625, -0.3359375, -0.337890625, -1.6171875, -0.404296875, -2.0625, 0.55078125, 1.625, 2.0625, -0.302734375, 0.0693359375, -0.93359375, 1.3828125, -0.59375, 0.9453125, -1.546875, -1.421875, 0.28125, -0.6796875, 0.3203125, -1.1796875, -1.90625, 0.197265625, 1.359375, -1.0859375, 0.859375, -0.76953125, -2.234375, -0.75, 1.359375, -0.765625, -1.2109375, 1.4921875, -0.609375, -1.0859375, 0.47265625, 1.7421875, 0.0498046875, 0.26171875, -1.4375, 1.390625, -0.859375, -1.40625, -1.0546875, 0.1865234375, -0.400390625, -0.02294921875, 2.484375, 0.044921875, -0.6015625, -0.71875, 0.8046875, -2.09375, -0.36328125, -0.609375, -1.40625, -2.28125, -0.314453125, -0.3671875, 2.5625, -0.671875, 1.3984375, -0.359375, 2.328125, 0.208984375, 2.953125, 1.1015625, -1.9765625, -0.369140625, -0.023193359375, 2.109375, 0.251953125, -1.921875, -0.734375, -0.11669921875, -0.5546875, 0.408203125, -0.171875, -1.515625, 0.1162109375, -2.546875, 0.0703125, 0.90625, -1.171875, -0.40234375, 1.3125, 0.11962890625, -0.6328125, -0.671875, 0.29296875, 1.7578125, -1.890625, -0.90625, -1.4609375, 1.0234375, 0.2041015625, 0.8984375, 0.03369140625, -0.036376953125, -2.984375, 0.54296875, -1.109375, 0.68359375, 0.294921875, -0.0260009765625, 0.265625, 1.984375, 0.458984375, -1.6171875, 0.171875, 0.357421875, 1.4609375, -1.4921875, 1.0234375, 1.0859375, 0.29296875, 0.3125, 1.4375, -1.6328125, -1.171875, 1.015625, 0.6875, -0.8203125, 0.32421875, -0.8359375, 0.96484375, -2.296875, -1.546875, -0.4609375, -0.09521484375, -2.390625, 1.109375, -1.2578125, 1.0546875, 1.671875, 0.66015625, 0.181640625, -1.140625, -1.421875, 2.375, -0.90234375, 0.150390625, -1.109375, -0.859375, 0.7109375, 0.2373046875, 0.77734375, -0.79296875, -1.3671875, -1.625, 0.318359375, -0.353515625, -1.328125, -0.1728515625, -0.5, 0.0299072265625, -0.322265625, -0.283203125, 0.228515625, -1.7421875, -0.369140625, 0.5703125, -1.203125, 0.1796875, 0.578125, -1.3203125, 0.458984375, -0.2177734375, 0.8359375, -0.2314453125, -0.296875, 1.734375, -0.169921875, -1.3046875, -1.1015625, 2.03125, -0.045654296875, 1.53125, 0.75, -0.87890625, -0.16015625, 1.4765625, 1.0625, -0.75390625, -1.0546875, -0.5703125, 1.3828125, -0.9375, -1.921875, 0.78515625, -0.109375, -0.134765625, -1.4453125, -1.0625, 3.203125, 0.447265625, 0.1025390625, -1.484375, 0.90625, -0.0238037109375, 1.0390625, -0.6875, -1.0546875, -2.28125, 0.8046875, 2.5, -0.5625, 1.46875, -0.62890625, -0.4296875, -0.67578125, 1.0703125, 0.70703125, -0.412109375, 1.265625, -0.275390625, -0.2041015625, 0.7109375, -1.2421875, 1.109375, 1.6171875, 2.421875, -0.94140625, 0.609375, -1.6328125, -0.93359375, 1.8515625, -0.10791015625, 0.427734375, 0.5546875, 1.578125, 1.3046875, -2.546875, 1.7265625, -2.421875, -0.71875, 0.455078125, -1.9140625, 0.7109375, 1, 0.2890625, -0.6796875, -0.81640625, 0.76953125, 0.26953125, -0.1669921875, 0.984375, 0.66796875, -1.1953125, 0.8125, 0.047607421875, -0.83203125, -2.921875, 0.6953125, 1.046875, 0.765625, -1.609375, -0.9921875, -0.87890625, 0.51953125, -0.173828125, 1.34375, -1.6328125, -0.53515625, 0.466796875, 2.734375, 0.1708984375, 1.640625, 0.0947265625, -0.46484375, 1.6640625, 0.625, 0.72265625, -0.26171875, 0.50390625, -1.1640625, 1.5625, 1.6484375, -0.154296875, -2.046875, 0.1865234375, -0.1630859375, 0.0810546875, 0.3515625, -0.2265625, -0.5859375, 0.006927490234375, -0.453125, 1.71875, -1.1640625, -1.8828125, 0.703125, -0.78125, -1.4375, -0.035888671875, -0.78515625, 0.63671875, 1.5078125, -0.251953125, 1.0078125, -1.78125, 0.921875, -0.86328125, -1.265625, -1.28125, 0.5078125, -1.796875, 0.11328125, 0.1640625, -0.9296875, 0.69140625, 0.1689453125, -0.5703125, 1.8515625, 0.7265625, -0.0390625, -1.703125, -1.921875, -0.1162109375, 0.3515625, -0.72265625, -0.0830078125, 0.1328125, 0.0281982421875, 2.796875, -1.84375, -0.01470947265625, -0.88671875, -0.83984375, 0.265625, 1.0234375, 0.703125, 1.15625, 0.44921875, -0.5625, 0.41796875, -0.53125, 1.4375, 1.3203125, -0.9765625, -0.2490234375, -1.03125, 1.1640625, -1.2890625, 0.85546875, 0.95703125, 1.5546875, 0.79296875, 0.8828125, -0.059814453125, -1.078125, 1.9765625, -0.71484375, 0.470703125, 0.6171875, -0.96875, 0.283203125, -0.72265625, -0.14453125, 0.049560546875, -0.578125, 0.80859375, -0.79296875, -0.85546875, -0.7578125, -0.8046875, 1.4765625, -2.3125, 0.0021514892578125, -1.921875, -0.39453125, -0.08642578125, 1.421875, 1.296875, 0.185546875, -1.1953125, 0.349609375, -1.3984375, -0.302734375, -0.310546875, 0.2158203125, 1.1796875, -0.71875, 0.173828125, 0.76953125, 0.1435546875, -2.375, -0.55078125, 0.7265625, 2.109375, -0.15234375, 0.365234375, -0.578125, 0.71875, -0.333984375, 2.046875, -1.4375, -0.490234375, -1.1875, 2.734375, -1.46875, 0.08447265625, 1.0859375, -0.859375, -0.1435546875, 0.3125, -0.9609375, -0.8828125, 0.55859375, -0.5546875, 0.375, 0.298828125, -2.84375, 0.2041015625, 0.71484375, 0.3984375, 0.265625, 0.43359375, 0.55078125, -0.98046875, -0.61328125, -0.248046875, -0.23046875, 0.86328125, -0.84765625, -0.18359375, 0.337890625, 2.375, -2.65625, -0.181640625, -0.271484375, -0.337890625, -1.5625, -0.5, 0.07958984375, -1.3125, 0.671875, -0.80078125, 0.427734375, 0.90625, 0.09521484375, 0.27734375, 0.98046875, 0.8125, 1.5, -1.7890625, 0.193359375, -0.75, -0.466796875, -0.53515625, -0.154296875, 0.5859375, -0.77734375, 0.61328125, 0.70703125, -0.034912109375, -0.671875, 1.421875, -1.8828125, -0.1630859375, -1.34375, 0.423828125, -0.87890625, 1.0859375, 0.66796875, -1.2265625, 1.078125, 0.71484375, -2.234375, 0.099609375, 0.0966796875, 0.05126953125, -1.0625, -0.5625, -0.52734375, -2.046875, 0.10107421875, 0.6875, -1.3046875, 0.6875, -0.388671875, 0.298828125, 0.51171875, -0.0223388671875, -0.154296875, -0.08642578125, 0.033935546875, 1.046875, 2.546875, 0.8125, -1.6640625, 0.70703125, 1.6640625, -0.9765625, 0.421875, 1.015625, -0.95703125, -1.3515625, 0.1728515625, -1.3984375, -0.8359375, -0.82421875, 0.22265625, 0.93359375, 0.423828125, 1.3359375, -0.78125, 0.294921875, 0.03271484375, -1.171875, 1.203125, -0.05517578125, -1.0546875, 0.275390625, 1.6796875, 0.84765625, 0.875, -0.490234375, -0.2490234375, 1.3125, -0.9375, -1.3046875, 0.86328125, -0.625, -0.4765625, 1.203125, 0.8359375, 1.828125, 1.203125, -1.65625, -0.734375, -0.353515625, -0.33203125, 2.609375, -0.0498046875, 1.921875, -0.30859375, -0.251953125, 0.30859375, 0.28515625, 0.60546875, -1.1953125, -1.375, 0.09619140625, -0.63671875, 0.64453125, 3.015625, -0.7890625, -1, -0.431640625, 0.498046875, 0.53125, 1.1484375, -0.6171875, -0.01287841796875, 0.25, 0.390625, -0.193359375, -0.91796875, 0.83984375, 0.56640625, -1.34375, 1.46875, -0.9765625, 2.25, -0.91015625, 0.44140625, 0.58203125, 0.86328125, 2.671875, -2.578125, -2.40625, -0.94140625, 1.8671875, 0.482421875, -0.6640625, 0.82421875, -1.109375, -0.87890625, 0.043701171875, -1.6015625, -2.0625, -2.046875, -1.265625, 0.263671875, -1.3359375, -0.515625, 0.58984375, -0.045166015625, 1.1640625, 0.25390625, 0.337890625, 0.2119140625, 1.078125, -1.515625, -1.53125, 0.5625, -1.3046875, 0.0380859375, -0.244140625, -0.306640625, -0.306640625, -0.07861328125, -0.6484375, -1.1171875, -0.310546875, 0.8125, -0.08740234375, 3.578125, 0.703125, 2.609375, 1.84375, 1.0390625, 2.6875, -0.283203125, -1.25, 0.43359375, -1.2109375, 0.51953125, 0.5859375, -2.359375, 0.25390625, -0.66015625, 3.046875, -0.31640625, -0.96484375, -0.35546875, -0.54296875, -0.130859375, 1.53125, -1.40625, -0.2177734375, 0.263671875, -0.37109375, -0.92578125, -0.50390625, 2.53125, -0.1728515625, -2.25, 0.3515625, 2.203125, -0.9453125, -0.453125, -0.1474609375, 1.1640625, 0.77734375, 0.1591796875, -0.71875, 0.19921875, -0.7109375, 1.453125, -0.63671875, 0.78515625, 0.8046875, 0.0078125, 0.359375, -0.7734375, 0.01708984375, 0.423828125, -0.326171875, -0.265625, -0.2294921875, -0.890625, 1.4921875, -0.07861328125, -1.3203125, 0.79296875, -1.3359375, 1.515625, -1.3125, 0.4140625, -0.5625, -1.6328125, 1.4296875, 0.16796875, 1.2578125, -2.109375, -0.64453125, 0.140625, -0.248046875, -1.4140625, 1.1171875, 1.1171875, -0.70703125, -1.9765625, -1.15625, -0.181640625, 2.9375, 2.203125, 0.70703125, 1.3671875, -0.24609375, -0.205078125, 0.35546875, -1.7734375, 2.453125, 0.81640625, -1.8828125, -0.703125, -1.2109375, -0.353515625, 1.015625, 0.90234375, -0.83203125, 1.203125, -0.8125, -0.380859375, 1.1640625, 0.890625, -0.6484375, 0.95703125, 2.28125, 0.8984375, 0.8515625, 0.34375, -0.2041015625, -1.0234375, 2.375, 0.7109375, 0.60546875, -0.1884765625, 0.328125, -1.5859375, 1.046875, -0.37109375, -1.015625, -0.55859375, 0.89453125, -0.91796875, 1.0390625, -0.1708984375, 1.015625, 0.21875, 1.265625, 0.7890625, -0.0400390625, 0.91015625, 0.275390625, -0.05810546875, 1.15625, 1.546875, -2.09375, -1.4609375, 0.6953125, 0.049560546875, 0.18359375, -0.51953125, -0.057373046875, -0.5078125, -0.66796875, 1.40625, -0.23046875, 0.9609375, 0.73828125, 1.375, -0.68359375, 1.2109375, -0.1328125, 1.1796875, -0.1455078125, -0.70703125, 1.0859375, -0.380859375, 0.1650390625, -0.455078125, 0.91015625, -0.431640625, 1.75, -0.87109375, 0.58203125, 0.439453125, 0.080078125, -1.390625, 1.796875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532822336
Unconscious response priming by shape depends on geniculostriate visual projection
It has been suggested that unconscious visual processing of some stimulus features might occur without the contribution of early visual cortex (V1/V2). In the present study, the causal role of V1/V2 in unconscious processing of simple shapes in intact human brain was studied by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on early visual cortex or lateral occipital cortex (LO) while observers performed a metacontrast-masked response priming task with arrow figures as visual stimuli. Magnetic stimulation of V1/V2 impaired masked priming 30-90 ms after the onset of the prime. Stimulation of LO reduced the magnitude of masked priming at 90-120 ms, but this effect occurred only in the early parts of the priming experiment. A control task measuring the visibility of masked primes indicated that the orientation of masked primes could not be consciously discriminated and that TMS did not influence the conscious visibility of the primes indirectly by reducing the effectiveness of the mask in the critical time windows. We conclude that feedforward sweep of processing from V1/V2 (30-90 ms) to LO (90 ms and above) is necessary for unconscious priming of shape, whereas conscious perception requires also the contribution of recurrent (feedback) processing.
[ 0.443359375, 0.6484375, 1.4921875, 0.59765625, -0.259765625, -0.45703125, -1.3125, 1.09375, -0.2197265625, -1.796875, -0.7578125, 1.3671875, 3.234375, 0.2470703125, 0.55078125, 1.2265625, 0.09423828125, -0.55078125, -1.3125, -1.328125, -0.20703125, 1.109375, -0.76171875, 0.1494140625, 0.9140625, -0.169921875, -0.8515625, -0.921875, 0.453125, 2.4375, 0.97265625, -0.251953125, -2, -0.498046875, -0.4375, 0.466796875, 0.59765625, 0.6171875, -0.443359375, 2.109375, 1.6640625, -1.53125, 1.3125, 0.3046875, -0.75, -0.228515625, -1.7890625, 0.2314453125, -0.03076171875, -1.328125, -1.21875, 1.4609375, 1.8203125, -1.046875, 0.6640625, 1.1328125, -1.203125, -0.671875, 0.59375, -0.6328125, -0.234375, -0.0771484375, 0.326171875, -0.236328125, 0.1875, -0.37890625, 0.306640625, -0.158203125, 0.64453125, -0.255859375, 0.57421875, -1.84375, -1.2578125, 1.1015625, 0.76953125, 0.134765625, 0.57421875, 2.109375, 0.10546875, 1.4453125, 0.53125, 0.25390625, -0.15625, 0.546875, 0.046875, 0.404296875, 0.0230712890625, 0.9921875, 0.734375, 1.4140625, 0.032470703125, 0.1220703125, -0.7734375, -0.53125, 0.2080078125, 1.1875, -0.373046875, 0.451171875, -0.58203125, 1.1328125, -0.3046875, 0.75390625, -0.81640625, -2.109375, 0.16796875, -0.7109375, -1.4140625, 0.0810546875, -0.326171875, -0.298828125, 0.087890625, 0.310546875, 0.90234375, 1.609375, -0.515625, 0.20703125, 0.216796875, 1.265625, -0.12109375, -1, 0.423828125, 0.047607421875, 0.59765625, -0.6875, 1.484375, -0.047607421875, -0.126953125, 0.38671875, -0.3046875, -1.296875, 0.9296875, 1.4140625, -0.83203125, -0.033935546875, -0.060791015625, 0.2236328125, 0.1728515625, -0.07373046875, 0.203125, -1.34375, -0.404296875, 1.5859375, -1.453125, -1.640625, -1.5546875, 0.66796875, 0.9140625, 0.072265625, 0.21484375, 1.46875, 0.0274658203125, -1.4453125, -0.326171875, 2.546875, -0.2451171875, -1.4609375, -0.6171875, 0.69140625, 0.482421875, 0.33203125, -0.34765625, -1.296875, 0.66796875, 0.73046875, -0.51953125, -0.259765625, -1.015625, 1.9765625, 0.494140625, 0.138671875, 0.083984375, 0.05126953125, 0.1640625, 0.48828125, 2.078125, -2.28125, -0.90234375, 0.8203125, 0.77734375, 0.11279296875, 0.026611328125, 2.03125, 0.1708984375, -1.0546875, -1.7265625, 1.3203125, -0.9375, -0.921875, -2.5, 0.96875, -0.26953125, -1.7421875, -1.234375, 0.99609375, 0.59765625, -1.953125, -1.5078125, -0.1357421875, -0.5546875, 0.84375, -3.046875, 0.005828857421875, -1.109375, -0.2392578125, -0.75, 0.578125, -0.70703125, -0.1240234375, 1.4140625, 0.90625, -2.90625, -1.1015625, -1.1171875, 0.703125, -0.040771484375, -0.28515625, -0.1748046875, 0.61328125, 0.97265625, -1.015625, 1.8125, 2.46875, -0.384765625, -0.04931640625, 0.06884765625, -1.9921875, 0.796875, -0.6953125, -0.4921875, 1.0546875, 0.30859375, 0.49609375, 1.0703125, -1.1875, -1.390625, -0.1669921875, -0.17578125, -0.12353515625, 0.703125, 0.365234375, -1.28125, -0.0118408203125, 0.373046875, 0.75390625, -0.94140625, -0.5390625, 0.9609375, -1.28125, -0.75390625, -0.365234375, 2.328125, -0.8515625, 0.193359375, 0.1630859375, -0.703125, -0.173828125, -0.185546875, 0.59765625, 0.90625, -0.1142578125, -1.296875, -0.3203125, 0.71484375, -0.55859375, -1.375, -0.45703125, -0.92578125, -0.3125, 0.5859375, -0.546875, -0.1865234375, -0.7265625, 0.98828125, 0.298828125, 0.0791015625, 1.015625, 1.1015625, 0.1767578125, 0.28125, 0.33984375, -1.171875, -0.1376953125, -0.9140625, -0.859375, -0.181640625, 0.98828125, -1.0859375, -0.26953125, -0.29296875, -2.953125, 0.004150390625, -0.396484375, -1.3828125, 0.8671875, 1.5625, -0.1787109375, 0.52734375, 2.6875, 0.0233154296875, 1.5234375, 0.7265625, 1.0234375, -1.71875, -0.95703125, 1.5625, 0.00164794921875, -0.2353515625, -0.78515625, -0.365234375, 0.04296875, 0.99609375, -0.34375, -0.478515625, 2.390625, 0.123046875, 1.171875, 0.8828125, -0.439453125, 1.7734375, -0.5078125, 0.80078125, 0.326171875, 0.2470703125, -0.015625, -0.21875, -1.171875, -0.435546875, -0.4765625, 1.015625, 0.322265625, -0.35546875, -0.5078125, 0.228515625, 0.85546875, -1.140625, 0.890625, -0.443359375, -0.7578125, 0.56640625, 0.318359375, 0.10986328125, -0.859375, -0.7109375, -2.234375, 1.1328125, -0.26953125, -0.3125, -0.1298828125, 0.875, -1.2265625, 1.1640625, 0.671875, 1.734375, -0.51171875, 0.1904296875, 1.53125, 0.7109375, -1.53125, -0.9921875, 0.142578125, -0.330078125, 0.1279296875, -0.4921875, -0.0673828125, 0.0712890625, -0.10498046875, 1.578125, -0.92578125, -0.462890625, -1.078125, 0.41015625, 0.4609375, -0.57421875, -0.5390625, -0.96875, 1.2109375, -0.33203125, -1.2109375, -0.90625, 1.6328125, -1.1640625, 0.306640625, -0.322265625, 0.859375, 0.043212890625, 0.5546875, -0.345703125, -1.84375, -0.84765625, 1.3046875, 0.0074462890625, 1.4375, -1.7890625, 0.58984375, -0.111328125, -0.03125, 0.482421875, -0.93359375, -0.08740234375, -0.71484375, -0.255859375, 0.5625, 0.83203125, -1.3515625, 1.1484375, 0.859375, -1.359375, 0.451171875, -0.8046875, -0.7109375, -1.2890625, 0.3515625, -0.83984375, 0.267578125, -0.52734375, -0.96875, -0.052001953125, 1.328125, 1.015625, -0.66796875, 0.43359375, -1.0234375, -0.6796875, -1.265625, 0.21875, 1.1953125, 0.07861328125, 0.060302734375, -0.421875, 0.42578125, 0.47265625, -0.59765625, -0.439453125, -1.5390625, 0.1259765625, -0.34765625, 1.296875, 0.08056640625, -1.375, 0.76171875, 0.6171875, -0.88671875, 0.83984375, 0.62890625, 1.1015625, 0.9296875, 0.333984375, 0.90234375, -1.1796875, 0.7734375, 0.30078125, -2, -1.671875, -0.486328125, -0.61328125, 0.0020599365234375, -0.5234375, 0.099609375, -0.048583984375, 1.1171875, -0.421875, -0.142578125, -0.173828125, -1.515625, 0.04248046875, 0.255859375, 0.2490234375, 0.0859375, 0.30078125, 0.2158203125, 0.5546875, -0.78125, -0.984375, -1.609375, -0.796875, -0.369140625, 0.134765625, -0.8125, 0.388671875, 0.1494140625, 0.478515625, 0.953125, -0.875, 1.6328125, 0.796875, 0.2119140625, -1.0625, 0.5546875, 0.1376953125, -0.189453125, 0.1845703125, -0.419921875, -0.515625, -0.9296875, 0.94921875, -1.3203125, -0.81640625, 0.8515625, -0.8046875, 0.310546875, -1.21875, -2.03125, -1.921875, 0.55859375, 0.34375, 0.58984375, 0.404296875, 1.9375, -0.42578125, 0.0908203125, 1.2890625, 3.09375, -1.6640625, -0.73828125, -0.466796875, -0.62109375, 0.1611328125, 1.59375, 0.90234375, 0.19140625, 0.12451171875, -0.236328125, 0.345703125, -0.51953125, -0.494140625, -0.1162109375, 1.0703125, 1.59375, -0.51171875, -0.53515625, -1.984375, -0.94140625, -0.7265625, 0.85546875, 0.1904296875, -0.25390625, 0.421875, 0.03515625, 2.015625, 0.310546875, -0.408203125, -0.80078125, 0.01129150390625, -1.0390625, 0.34375, 1.4375, 0.70703125, 1.0625, -1.4140625, -0.12451171875, -0.28125, -1.1953125, -1.3671875, -0.8046875, 0.75, 0.490234375, -0.2412109375, -0.359375, 1.0703125, -1.8046875, -0.88671875, -1.90625, -0.486328125, 1.1015625, 0.458984375, -1.0078125, -0.84375, -0.6015625, 1.671875, 0.271484375, 0.1708984375, -0.54296875, -0.060791015625, 0.66796875, 0.98828125, -1.171875, -0.416015625, -0.10693359375, 0.38671875, -0.7109375, 0.68359375, -0.26953125, -1.609375, -0.451171875, -1.0390625, 0.44921875, 1.3046875, 0.609375, -0.140625, -0.58203125, -0.3359375, 0.328125, 0.81640625, 1.25, 0.26171875, 0.59765625, 0.79296875, 1.71875, -0.93359375, -0.09765625, 0.49609375, 0.232421875, 0.2578125, 0.74609375, -0.361328125, 1.1875, 0.35546875, -0.037109375, 0.259765625, -0.64453125, -0.396484375, 0.36328125, -0.8359375, -0.3203125, 1.8515625, 0.1650390625, 0.96484375, -1.4609375, -0.04931640625, 0.66015625, -0.138671875, 0.83203125, -0.047607421875, 1.140625, -0.7109375, 0.8671875, -1.875, -0.98828125, -0.1953125, 0.95703125, -0.8046875, 1.4296875, -2.046875, -1.6640625, -0.6953125, -0.6484375, -2.84375, 0.7578125, 0.984375, 0.6875, 0.478515625, 1.140625, -0.7578125, -0.97265625, 0.5859375, 0.2158203125, -1.84375, 0.2216796875, 0.19140625, 1.5546875, -0.21484375, 2.03125, 0.953125, -1.0625, 0.353515625, 0.7109375, -1.21875, 0.6796875, -1.625, 0.3671875, 0.50390625, 0.099609375, -0.91015625, 1.203125, 0.8984375, 1.6953125, -0.87890625, -0.369140625, -0.2431640625, -0.25, -0.640625, -0.890625, 0.8828125, 1.03125, -0.0140380859375, 1.265625, -0.61328125, 2.109375, 0.169921875, -0.5546875, -0.07177734375, 0.6875, -0.60546875, 0.546875, 0.353515625, 0.65625, -0.00133514404296875, 0.8984375, 0.263671875, 0.212890625, -0.41796875, 1.7109375, 0.392578125, 0.2265625, 0.88671875, 0.373046875, -0.34375, 0.341796875, 1.3828125, -0.625, 1.828125, 1.03125, -0.419921875, 0.392578125, 0.8828125, 0.6953125, -0.00970458984375, 0.98046875, -0.640625, 0.359375, -0.279296875, -1.203125, -0.71875, 0.94140625, 0.51171875, 0.80859375, 0.1201171875, -0.404296875, 0.1767578125, -0.2373046875, 0.83203125, 0.17578125, 0.56640625, 0.1015625, -0.66015625, 0.05029296875, 0.703125, 0.177734375, -0.0849609375, 1.2734375, -1.375, -1.3828125, 1.828125, 0.7890625, -1.2421875, 0.05126953125, -0.1845703125, 0.91015625, 0.388671875, 1.203125, -1.6640625, 1.328125, 0.6171875, -1.2265625, -0.07177734375, 2.03125, 0.34375, -1.3515625, 0.380859375, -0.8515625, -0.0106201171875, 0.47265625, -1.140625, -0.060546875, 1.8984375, 0.1181640625, 0.1083984375, -0.62109375, -0.314453125, -0.28515625, 2.1875, -1.71875, 1.9140625, -0.173828125, 1.453125, 0.45703125, 0.2294921875, -0.01318359375, -0.92578125, 0.53125, 0.259765625, -0.51171875, -1.1171875, 0.1962890625, -0.412109375, -0.2138671875, 0.49609375, -0.359375, 1.3671875, -0.78125, -1.2421875, -1.5625, 0.74609375, 0.59375, 0.32421875, 0.2021484375, -0.193359375, -0.023681640625, 0.412109375, -0.83203125, -0.61328125, -0.0303955078125, -0.6015625, 1.390625, 0.62109375, -0.796875, 2.203125, 0.28515625, -1.2265625, -0.671875, 0.65234375, -0.1220703125, 1.3828125, -0.474609375, -0.3125, 2.03125, 0.6875, -0.76171875, -0.0849609375, -0.083984375, 0.4140625, -0.90234375, 1.6640625, 0.3203125, -0.015869140625, -0.484375, -1.078125, 0.84375, 0.31640625, 0.21875, 0.08544921875, 0.283203125, -0.04443359375, -0.79296875, 1.0078125, 1.3203125, 1.0078125, 0.388671875, -2.03125, 0.9375, -1.71875, -1.6171875, -2.84375, 0.9609375, -1.1875, -0.333984375, -0.0380859375, -0.5859375, 1.2890625, -0.2421875, -0.84375, 0.8515625, 1.1640625, 1.5625, 0.0274658203125, -0.94140625, -1.109375, -0.7578125, -0.9140625, 0.169921875, -0.24609375, -0.1044921875, 0.1669921875, -0.94921875, -0.76171875, -1.203125, 0.0791015625, 0.984375, 0.42578125, 0.275390625, 1.015625, 1.2421875, 0.75390625, 2.53125, 0.25, -0.12353515625, 0.26171875, -0.82421875, -1.4140625, -0.208984375, 0.71484375, 0.287109375, 0.72265625, -0.09765625, 0.5, -2.1875, -1.03125, -2.65625, 1.3515625, 2.40625, -1.265625, -0.439453125, -1.6953125, 0.84375, -0.62109375, -0.53125, -0.05859375, -1.109375, 0.7265625, 0.5703125, 2.109375, 0.69921875, 0.1416015625, 0.287109375, 0.498046875, 1.6796875, 0.1181640625, -0.921875, 0.44921875, 0.59765625, -0.2001953125, -0.09912109375, 0.043212890625, 1.6171875, 0.240234375, 0.439453125, -1.84375, -0.2421875, 0.77734375, 0.09228515625, -0.1533203125, 0.59765625, -0.03076171875, 0.515625, 1.46875, 0.6015625, 1.953125, -1.796875, 0.490234375, 0.318359375, -0.41015625, 0.072265625, 0.73046875, 1.8515625, -0.765625, -0.006011962890625, -0.5625, -0.98046875, -0.10693359375, -0.326171875, -0.0537109375, -0.326171875, -1.515625, -0.470703125, -0.28515625, -0.828125, -0.2890625, -1.78125, 1.3984375, -1.3359375, 0.67578125, 0.062255859375, -2.125, -0.640625, 0.06689453125, 0.8984375, -0.373046875, 0.78515625, -0.828125, 0.6796875, 0.8984375, 0.7109375, 0.9375, -0.9921875, 1.546875, -0.03369140625, -1.6328125, 0.25, -1.296875, 0.416015625, 0.84375, -0.0517578125, -0.5859375, 0.40234375, 0.4296875, -0.77734375, 0.46875, 1.9140625, 0.259765625, 0.18359375, -0.130859375, 0.1962890625, -0.76953125, 0.18359375, -0.490234375, -0.314453125, -0.90625, 1.125, -0.92578125, -1.2265625, 0.1328125, 1.03125, 0.55078125, 1.2421875, 0.03759765625, -0.291015625, 2.34375, -0.1376953125, -0.255859375, -0.953125, 1.390625, -0.267578125, -0.94140625, 0.296875, 0.71484375, 1.296875, 1.1953125, -1.25, -0.2158203125, 0.859375, 0.3046875, -0.53125, 1.90625, 0.6640625, 2.3125, -0.6328125, 0.6875, 0.043701171875, -0.236328125, 0.25390625, -0.75, -0.9921875, 0.024169921875, -0.53515625, 0.15234375, 0.9765625, 0.55078125, 1, 1.015625, 1.375, -0.9453125, -1.7421875, -0.04150390625, 1.5078125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532926621
The virtual device: expanding wireless communication services through service discovery and session mobility
We present a location-based, ubiquitous service architecture, based on the session initiation protocol (SIP) and a service discovery protocol that enables users to enhance the multimedia communications services available on their mobile devices by discovering other local devices, and including them in their active sessions, creating a "virtual device." We have implemented our concept based on Columbia University's multimedia environment and we show its feasibility by a performance analysis.
[ -0.279296875, 0.236328125, 2.21875, -0.82421875, 0.028076171875, -0.2138671875, -2.984375, 2.515625, 1.46875, 0.30078125, 1.15625, 3.0625, 2, -0.1552734375, 0.74609375, 0.2216796875, 0.1279296875, -0.0203857421875, -1.515625, 0.640625, -1.015625, -0.455078125, -2.328125, -0.002899169921875, 1.515625, 0.7734375, -0.00860595703125, -2.265625, -1.578125, 1.0234375, 0.1962890625, 0.64453125, -1.7109375, 1.390625, -0.337890625, -0.92578125, 0.88671875, 1.421875, -0.73828125, -1.6015625, 1.4140625, 0.1005859375, 0.369140625, -0.53515625, -1.0390625, 0.1513671875, -0.16015625, -1.109375, 0.494140625, -0.55078125, -0.203125, -0.251953125, 1.7109375, -0.5703125, -0.44140625, 0.97265625, -0.5078125, -0.126953125, -0.014404296875, 0.62109375, -0.90234375, 0.3828125, 1.5625, 0.78125, -0.08056640625, 0.3203125, -0.5078125, 0.443359375, 0.263671875, 0.2373046875, 1.1796875, 0.5703125, -0.2265625, 0.6796875, 0.8515625, -0.201171875, -0.060791015625, 0.1748046875, 1.46875, 1.265625, -0.1689453125, -2.203125, 0.26171875, 0.10400390625, -0.50390625, 0.62109375, -0.103515625, 2.015625, -1.3671875, 0.0908203125, 0.21875, -0.275390625, -0.76171875, -0.77734375, 0.392578125, 1.640625, 1.4140625, -1.6875, -1.1953125, 0.75, 0.119140625, -0.63671875, -1, -0.267578125, -0.61328125, 0.248046875, -0.73828125, -0.0196533203125, 0.2197265625, -0.0595703125, 0.146484375, -0.4921875, 0.5859375, 1.125, 0.515625, -1.90625, 0.60546875, 0.29296875, -0.0166015625, -0.76953125, 0.96875, -2.84375, 0.1552734375, 0.8046875, 0.98046875, -0.44140625, -1.4609375, 1.703125, -0.703125, -0.859375, 1.28125, 1.1484375, 0.98828125, -0.80859375, -0.3671875, -0.9453125, -0.416015625, 1.3359375, 1.640625, -0.59765625, 1.5546875, 3.578125, -0.162109375, -0.94140625, -2.25, -1.0546875, 1.0546875, -0.208984375, -1.921875, 0.80078125, -1.640625, -0.84765625, -2.21875, 1.875, -0.62890625, 0.7109375, -1.1875, 2.046875, -1.609375, -0.022216796875, -1.3125, -1.8046875, 1.734375, -1.1875, 0.859375, -1.5390625, -1.6328125, 0.236328125, 0.76171875, 2.078125, -0.6640625, -0.6953125, -2.546875, -2.390625, 2.359375, -0.375, -1.171875, 0.81640625, 2.21875, -0.109375, 1.390625, 0.70703125, -0.365234375, -1.828125, -0.6015625, 2.90625, -0.279296875, 0.0654296875, -0.5, 1.25, -1.171875, -0.1982421875, -1.46875, 2.453125, 1.3984375, -0.1923828125, -0.8125, 0.466796875, -0.228515625, -0.75390625, -1.4375, 0.41796875, -0.15625, 0.67578125, 0.27734375, -0.75390625, -0.1015625, 1.671875, 1.15625, 1.1484375, 0.37109375, 0.412109375, -0.609375, 0.1416015625, 0.416015625, -1.0625, -0.25390625, 2.671875, -0.9921875, -0.9609375, 0.3046875, 1.1015625, 0.9921875, -0.33203125, -0.38671875, -1.90625, 0.92578125, 1.203125, -1.7890625, 1.0234375, 0.90234375, -0.80078125, 0.154296875, -0.9453125, 0.3125, 1.1953125, 1.1953125, 1.2109375, 1.15625, -0.9765625, 1.0234375, 0.490234375, -1.640625, 1.765625, 0.4765625, -0.138671875, 2.4375, -1.4140625, -0.74609375, 0.74609375, 1.65625, -0.59765625, 0.125, 1.7578125, -0.94921875, 0.8828125, 0.26171875, -0.8515625, 1.1953125, -0.140625, 0.55078125, 1.8671875, -1.6875, -0.859375, -0.412109375, -0.55859375, -0.69140625, 0.1708984375, -1.53125, 0.6640625, -0.19140625, -1.90625, -0.72265625, -0.9296875, -0.796875, 0.51953125, 0.9765625, -0.796875, 0.08984375, 3.125, -0.51171875, -1.140625, 1.390625, 0.921875, 0.6640625, 1.40625, -0.030517578125, 0.3671875, -0.1474609375, -1.3125, 0.279296875, -0.66796875, -1.15625, -0.482421875, -0.1220703125, -0.53125, -0.1494140625, 1.6796875, -0.26953125, -0.2392578125, -0.248046875, 1.0078125, -0.0244140625, -0.10498046875, 2.015625, -0.875, -1.9921875, -2.765625, 1.15625, 2.296875, 0.73828125, 0.46484375, -0.609375, -0.3046875, -0.76171875, 1.203125, -0.5859375, -1.4453125, -0.9375, 1.0078125, 1.484375, 0.5234375, -1.34375, 0.453125, -1.1953125, -0.515625, -1.4375, -2.3125, 0.796875, 0.86328125, -0.478515625, -1.5546875, 1.703125, -1.203125, 0.0224609375, 3.109375, 0.59765625, 0.65625, -0.099609375, 0.087890625, 1.5703125, -1.90625, -1.6328125, -0.6484375, 1.46875, -0.50390625, -1.0234375, 0.54296875, -0.392578125, -1.2890625, 0.5703125, -0.5, 2.609375, -0.8515625, -1.6953125, -1.7890625, 1.4296875, -3.25, -0.69921875, -1.0234375, 1.234375, -0.240234375, -0.07421875, 1.6953125, -0.63671875, 0.5703125, 0.671875, -0.765625, 0.5703125, -0.08544921875, 0.306640625, 0.66796875, -0.0279541015625, 2.453125, 1.0390625, 1.5859375, -0.267578125, -2.46875, 0.265625, 1.0859375, -1.2109375, -0.494140625, -2.3125, -0.0634765625, 1.1171875, 1.953125, 0.357421875, -1.0703125, 0.4375, 0.486328125, 0.80859375, 0.255859375, -0.8828125, -0.5234375, -0.61328125, -0.83203125, 1.1328125, -1.0703125, -1.3984375, 0.93359375, 0.1787109375, 0.5078125, 0.25390625, 0.7421875, -1.5703125, -1.859375, -0.0888671875, 0.06689453125, 0.33203125, 0.3515625, 0.2099609375, 0.7421875, 0.060546875, 1.453125, 0.494140625, -2.25, 0.57421875, -0.443359375, -0.5078125, -0.412109375, -0.251953125, -1.7421875, 1.0859375, 0.126953125, 0.40625, 1.46875, 1.7421875, 0.60546875, -1.5703125, 0.30859375, 1.5, -0.1357421875, 1.7734375, 0.72265625, -2.15625, -0.416015625, 0.6640625, 0.3359375, -1.0546875, 1, -1.2890625, -1.4765625, 0.06298828125, -0.9296875, 3.515625, 0.369140625, -0.53125, -1.8046875, 1.640625, 0.59765625, 0.421875, -0.9765625, -0.546875, -1.890625, 0.515625, 0.73828125, -0.57421875, 0.0634765625, -0.63671875, 0.326171875, -1.765625, -2.328125, -1.625, 2.3125, -0.8984375, -1.640625, -0.498046875, 0.451171875, -2.046875, 2.3125, 0.439453125, 0.859375, -1.5390625, -0.3515625, 0.31640625, 1.875, -0.96875, -0.5703125, 1.8515625, 1.765625, 2.703125, -1.7890625, 0.353515625, -0.578125, 1.171875, -2.1875, 0.13671875, -1.5, 0.625, -0.396484375, -0.50390625, 1.546875, -0.314453125, -1.6484375, 3.125, 0.90625, -1.125, 1.09375, -1.5703125, -0.1943359375, -0.130859375, -0.50390625, -3.53125, 0.07421875, 1.4609375, 1.6953125, -1.2578125, -1.0859375, -0.61328125, 1.0546875, -0.4140625, 0.2265625, -1.2578125, -0.9453125, -0.40625, 0.65625, 1.6953125, -0.8125, 0.9453125, -1.671875, 0.060791015625, -0.08837890625, -2.03125, -0.490234375, 0.93359375, -0.625, 4.1875, 1.8203125, 0.91796875, -2.046875, 0.9765625, -0.8203125, -0.2451171875, 2.359375, -0.138671875, -0.0908203125, 1.9609375, 0.8828125, 0.8359375, 0.031982421875, -2.015625, -0.06298828125, 1.671875, -0.86328125, 0.43359375, -0.93359375, 1.21875, 0.267578125, -1.421875, 1.28125, -1.953125, 0.384765625, -2.078125, 0.81640625, 1.2265625, 1.1015625, -0.1689453125, 1.2109375, -0.045654296875, -0.03173828125, -1.5546875, -2.390625, 0.84375, 0.765625, 1.5234375, -0.6953125, -0.035400390625, -0.46875, 0.447265625, -0.28125, -0.19921875, -0.251953125, 0.58984375, -0.25, 2.625, 0.193359375, -0.62890625, -2.046875, -1.9609375, 0.2109375, -0.86328125, 0.43359375, 0.0306396484375, 1.5546875, 0.80078125, 1.3203125, 0.78515625, 2.125, 0.4921875, -0.0517578125, -1.4921875, -3.265625, 0.81640625, 1.4609375, 0.494140625, -0.0634765625, 1.40625, 2.109375, -0.14453125, -0.55859375, -1.0390625, 1.359375, 0.7578125, 1.0625, 0.1513671875, 0.333984375, -0.56640625, -0.57421875, 0.0289306640625, 1.9375, -0.73046875, 0.79296875, -1.25, -0.6796875, 2.09375, -0.67578125, 0.90234375, -1.84375, 0.2451171875, -0.90625, 1.296875, 0.0224609375, 0.71484375, 0.87890625, 2.3125, 0.0849609375, -1.171875, -1.515625, -0.1806640625, -0.125, -0.482421875, 0.01129150390625, 0.384765625, -1.796875, -2.15625, -0.458984375, -1.203125, -0.1474609375, 1.9453125, 0.7890625, -0.00970458984375, -0.0218505859375, 1.2421875, -0.3125, 1.3125, 0.84375, -2.484375, -1.078125, -1.65625, 1.90625, -1.2734375, 0.90234375, -0.61328125, -0.53125, -0.5703125, 0.051513671875, -2.578125, 1.8203125, 0.6484375, -0.97265625, -0.40234375, -0.546875, -0.8515625, -0.2041015625, -0.125, 1.015625, -2.421875, -0.53515625, -1.1015625, 0.91796875, 1.09375, -0.490234375, 0.0361328125, 0.3671875, -0.33203125, 0.3125, -0.51171875, 2.03125, -1.328125, 1.234375, 0.349609375, -1.4921875, -1.5703125, 0.1962890625, 0.69140625, -0.73046875, 0.251953125, -1.1875, 0.0089111328125, -0.024658203125, 1.3828125, -0.361328125, -0.796875, 1.9609375, 0.859375, 0.765625, 1.046875, 1.1875, -0.53515625, -2.171875, 2.15625, 0.337890625, 0.466796875, -0.98828125, -1.328125, -1.140625, -0.62109375, 0.765625, -0.486328125, -2.84375, 2.328125, 0.56640625, -0.921875, 1.2109375, 1.03125, 0.5390625, 1.46875, 0.7421875, 0.79296875, 0.044677734375, 0.734375, 0.921875, -0.96484375, -2.234375, -1.53125, 0.0595703125, -1.5703125, 0.443359375, -0.72265625, 0.365234375, 1.1640625, 0.055419921875, 0.53515625, -0.6171875, -0.78125, 0.48046875, -1.2265625, 2.3125, 1.3671875, 0.423828125, -0.8515625, 1.5078125, 0.1650390625, 0.83203125, 0.265625, -1.1171875, 0.63671875, -2.0625, 1.4609375, -1.7890625, 0.890625, 1.3359375, -0.765625, 1.515625, 0.74609375, 0.77734375, -1.265625, -0.345703125, -1.4140625, -0.859375, 1.3828125, -0.9921875, -0.640625, -1.765625, -0.53125, 0.6640625, 0.98046875, -1.59375, -0.5546875, 2.609375, 0.8046875, 0.08154296875, 1.9375, 0.828125, -0.042724609375, 0.37109375, -1.1484375, 0.3984375, 1.390625, 0.376953125, -3.015625, 0.291015625, -0.8984375, 0.07666015625, 0.11572265625, 1.140625, -0.1865234375, -0.90625, -0.78125, -1.078125, -0.96875, -0.4296875, -1.71875, -1.8359375, -0.67578125, -0.57421875, 0.578125, 0.91796875, -0.232421875, 0.91015625, 0.4765625, -1.8828125, 1.7890625, -1.09375, -1.0390625, 0.52734375, 0.73828125, 1.5078125, 0.3046875, 1.4453125, -0.05517578125, -0.263671875, 3.015625, -0.016845703125, 1.1875, -0.5, 0.091796875, -0.8984375, 1.125, 0.44921875, -1.59375, -1.46875, -0.04248046875, -0.015380859375, -0.77734375, -1.1796875, -0.13671875, -0.12060546875, -1.84375, 0.73828125, -2.4375, -1.90625, -1.953125, -0.23828125, 0.96484375, -0.296875, -0.388671875, -0.921875, 0.76171875, 1.0390625, -0.8828125, 1.515625, 1.984375, 0.5390625, -1.078125, -2.15625, 0.46484375, -1.421875, -2.203125, 1.4296875, 0.4453125, 0.2001953125, 1.3984375, -0.3828125, -0.466796875, 0.62109375, -0.054931640625, 0.07861328125, 1.8671875, 0.71875, 1, 1.0078125, 0.9453125, 2.46875, -1.0859375, -0.8359375, 0.423828125, -1.8984375, -0.92578125, 0.19921875, -0.291015625, 0.33984375, -0.2490234375, 0.546875, 0.0634765625, 0.3046875, -2.109375, -1.609375, 1.6875, 1.65625, -1.5390625, -1.1328125, -2.125, 0.193359375, 0.41015625, -0.3359375, 1.3671875, 1.0546875, -1.3984375, -0.376953125, -1.1796875, -0.2177734375, 0.369140625, -1.0703125, -1.3671875, 1.625, -1.0234375, 1.171875, -0.5546875, 0.0458984375, 1.4453125, -0.014404296875, 2.875, 0.671875, 0.6015625, 0.5, -2.0625, -0.1962890625, -0.2373046875, 0.41015625, -2.4375, 0.33203125, -0.49609375, 0.9296875, 0.9296875, -1.890625, 0.67578125, -0.466796875, -0.408203125, -1.234375, 2.265625, -0.47265625, -1.6328125, 1.0859375, -2.15625, 0.0089111328125, -0.1181640625, 1.640625, -0.1650390625, -0.166015625, -0.9453125, 1.46875, -0.53515625, -1.0625, 0.640625, -0.08154296875, -0.6953125, 0.90234375, 1.90625, -0.1767578125, 1.296875, -0.19921875, 0.01153564453125, -0.050048828125, -2.171875, 1.7578125, 2, -1.0703125, 0.054443359375, 0.90234375, -1.2109375, 0.5703125, -0.9609375, -0.3671875, 0.94921875, 0.244140625, -1.078125, -0.21875, 1.6796875, -1.0546875, 1.171875, 2.703125, -2.796875, 0.546875, -0.5078125, -1.6796875, 0.037353515625, 2.40625, -1.359375, 0.64453125, -0.2431640625, 1.1171875, -2.4375, -0.48046875, -0.294921875, -0.7578125, 0.83984375, -1.234375, 1.6640625, -1.0390625, -0.6015625, 0.7109375, 0.24609375, -0.11767578125, -0.46484375, 0.5859375, 0.75390625, 1.125, 1.2734375, 0.07568359375, 0.77734375, -1.5, 0.91015625, -0.98828125, -0.2265625, -2.984375, -1.875, -0.82421875, 0.62890625, 0.310546875, 0.007415771484375, -1.5, 1.4375, 1.5859375, 2.21875, -0.7109375, 1.5625, -1.3828125, 0.3828125, 0.59765625, -1.046875, 2.171875, 0.031982421875, -0.0771484375, 0.34375, 1.59375, 0.220703125, 0.439453125, 0.44921875, 1.7109375, -0.69921875, 0.447265625, 0.9609375, 2.53125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532931304
Single‐ versus double‐layer hysterotomy closure at primary caesarean delivery and bladder adhesions
Please cite this paper as: Blumenfeld Y, Caughey A, El‐Sayed Y, Daniels K, Lyell D. Single‐ versus double‐layer hysterotomy closure at primary caesarean delivery and bladder adhesions. BJOG 2010; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2010.02529.x. Objective To determine the association between single‐layer (one running suture) and double‐layer (second layer or imbricating suture) hysterotomy closure at primary caesarean delivery and subsequent adhesion formation. Design A secondary analysis from a prospective cohort study of women undergoing first repeat caesarean section. Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Population One hundred and twenty‐seven pregnant women undergoing first repeat caesarean section. Methods Patient records were reviewed to identify whether primary caesarean hysterotomies were closed with a single or double layer. Data were analysed by Fisher’s exact tests and multivariable logistic regression. Main outcome measure Prevalence rate of pelvic and abdominal adhesions. Results Of the 127 women, primary hysterotomy closure was single layer in 56 and double layer in 71. Single‐layer hysterotomy closure was associated with bladder adhesions at the time of repeat caesarean (24% versus 7%, P = 0.01). Single‐layer closure was associated in this study with a seven‐fold increase in the odds of developing bladder adhesions (odds ratio, 6.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.72–28.1), regardless of other surgical techniques, previous labour, infection and age over 35 years. There was no association between single‐layer closure and other pelvic or abdominal adhesions. Conclusions Primary single‐layer hysterotomy closure may be associated with more frequent bladder adhesions during repeat caesarean deliveries. The severity and clinical implications of these adhesions should be assessed in large prospective trials.
[ 0.0213623046875, 0.75, 0.57421875, -0.0859375, -1.46875, 0.78125, -1.359375, 2.140625, -0.294921875, -0.34375, -0.9453125, 0.322265625, 1.296875, 0.6796875, 1.65625, -0.50390625, -1.1328125, -0.54296875, -1.5390625, -1.5390625, 0.6171875, 0.5703125, -1.0390625, 0.177734375, 0.671875, 0.42578125, 0.6953125, -1.65625, 0.404296875, 0.89453125, 1.7421875, 1.015625, -1.515625, -1.53125, 1.8671875, -0.240234375, 0.1416015625, 0.263671875, -0.26953125, -1.578125, 1.53125, -1.609375, 0.6484375, -0.6328125, 0.703125, -0.1494140625, -2.484375, -0.765625, -0.4609375, -0.11376953125, 0.38671875, -0.66796875, 0.625, 0.76953125, -0.28125, -0.0791015625, 0.14453125, 0.31640625, 2.984375, -0.70703125, -0.10791015625, -2.25, -0.296875, -0.65625, 0.012939453125, -0.14453125, 0.0771484375, -0.453125, 1.359375, 1.7734375, 0.83203125, 0.09716796875, -0.90234375, 0.244140625, 0.65234375, 1.0625, 0.388671875, -0.671875, 0.796875, 1.8125, 1.0234375, -1.1171875, -0.65625, -0.169921875, -1.0546875, 0.1865234375, 0.6640625, 1.5625, 1.65625, -0.1259765625, -0.166015625, 0.63671875, -0.640625, 0.65234375, -1.65625, 1.234375, 0.0115966796875, 1.234375, -1.7109375, 2.34375, 0.2890625, -0.326171875, 1.1171875, 0.9140625, 0.380859375, 0.345703125, -1.3125, -0.1181640625, -2.109375, -0.212890625, 0.5234375, 0.498046875, -0.1435546875, 1.5625, 1.390625, -0.0203857421875, 1.6640625, -0.1552734375, -0.19140625, -0.75390625, -0.33203125, -1.359375, 0.0634765625, 0.423828125, 1.7421875, -0.435546875, -0.416015625, 1.65625, 0.380859375, -0.80078125, 0.6015625, 0.2353515625, -0.306640625, -0.43359375, -0.1953125, -0.5625, 0.390625, -0.18359375, 1.2578125, -0.248046875, 0.56640625, 1.09375, -0.515625, 1.2265625, -1.5078125, -0.5859375, 1.7890625, 0.2412109375, -0.466796875, 0.66015625, -1.375, -0.640625, -1.1484375, 1.1484375, 0.390625, -0.78125, -0.478515625, 1.359375, 0.1806640625, 0.271484375, -0.4140625, -1.5625, 0.1611328125, -0.10107421875, 0.3125, -0.421875, -0.470703125, 1.015625, -0.042724609375, 0.005218505859375, -1.265625, -1.2578125, -0.41015625, 1.3671875, 0.2060546875, 0.045166015625, -0.06103515625, -0.06298828125, -0.345703125, 0.37890625, -1.203125, 0.419921875, 0.53515625, -0.296875, 1.0234375, 0.60546875, -0.515625, -0.033447265625, -0.4921875, -0.125, 0.69921875, -0.373046875, -1.46875, 0.20703125, 1.7421875, -1.90625, -0.90234375, 1.6796875, 0.0419921875, -0.4375, -3.3125, 0.60546875, 0.1396484375, 0.35546875, 0.9765625, -0.515625, 2.609375, 0.76171875, -0.66796875, 1.1484375, -1.375, -0.7265625, -0.546875, 0.31640625, -0.53515625, -0.18359375, 0.1181640625, 0.875, -0.59765625, -0.42578125, 0.439453125, 1.28125, -0.1484375, -0.5390625, -0.51953125, -1.0546875, 0.97265625, 1.4453125, -0.474609375, 1.296875, 0.37109375, -1.1484375, -0.7734375, -0.3125, 0.431640625, 1.0078125, 1.5390625, -0.0260009765625, -0.1650390625, -0.55078125, 0.44140625, 0.91015625, 0.953125, -0.345703125, -0.484375, -0.796875, -0.07763671875, 0.359375, -0.47265625, 0.4765625, 1.234375, -0.72265625, 0.3828125, -0.5078125, -0.1796875, -0.40625, -0.416015625, 0.98828125, 0.796875, -0.578125, 0.7890625, 0.6875, 0.8984375, 1.015625, -0.140625, -1.015625, -0.9296875, 0.451171875, -1.3984375, 0.053955078125, -0.51953125, -0.640625, -0.123046875, -0.5078125, 0.041259765625, 0.08935546875, -0.78515625, -0.74609375, -0.41015625, -1.75, -1.2734375, -0.5078125, 0.17578125, -1.2265625, 1.4609375, 0.61328125, -0.2021484375, 0.458984375, -0.09130859375, -1.140625, -1.3046875, -0.9375, -1.6875, -0.6015625, -0.2041015625, 0.04541015625, -1.2421875, -0.3203125, 1.3984375, -0.46875, 0.1767578125, 0.1806640625, -0.6015625, -1.09375, 0.6015625, -0.431640625, 0.322265625, 0.119140625, -0.52734375, 0.90625, -0.69140625, 0.734375, -0.2275390625, 1.5078125, 0.1962890625, 0.5546875, -0.0272216796875, -0.09912109375, 0.37109375, -0.28515625, 0.462890625, -0.83984375, -1.0078125, -0.359375, 0.53125, -1.171875, -1.1328125, -0.69140625, -1.0546875, -1.53125, -0.341796875, -0.3984375, 0.1572265625, -0.98828125, -0.94140625, -0.037841796875, -0.59765625, 0.2392578125, 0.57421875, 1.453125, 2.875, 0.07275390625, 0.416015625, -0.703125, 0.486328125, 0.08935546875, -0.30859375, -0.224609375, 1.3984375, -1.515625, -0.1826171875, -0.146484375, -0.6328125, -1.5703125, -0.625, 1.140625, 0.25390625, -0.326171875, 0.345703125, 0.255859375, -0.64453125, -0.18359375, -0.73828125, -0.07861328125, -0.328125, 0.30078125, -0.014404296875, 0.08544921875, 0.318359375, 0.6328125, 1.9296875, -0.6484375, -0.421875, -0.1259765625, 1.453125, 1.15625, 0.271484375, -0.88671875, 0.07373046875, 2, 1.1484375, 0.69921875, 1, 0.72265625, 1.53125, 1.265625, -0.6015625, 0.1845703125, 0.73828125, 1.0625, 1.40625, 0.59375, -2.078125, -0.953125, -1.1484375, 1.0859375, 2.234375, 0.2294921875, -0.63671875, -0.2578125, -0.28515625, -1.34375, 0.1474609375, 0.298828125, -0.8828125, 0.020751953125, -0.380859375, 0.1748046875, 0.68359375, 0.1328125, -0.166015625, -0.87109375, -0.1416015625, 0.400390625, 0.8671875, -0.404296875, 0.4140625, -0.66015625, -1.4609375, -0.828125, -0.02099609375, 1.0625, 0.51953125, -0.26953125, 0.0205078125, 0.390625, -0.31640625, 1.53125, -1.125, 1.8203125, 0.2314453125, -0.01446533203125, -0.3046875, -0.6328125, -1.0625, -0.3984375, 1.59375, 0.169921875, -0.89453125, 0.71875, 1.0625, 0.63671875, -0.8203125, 1.8515625, 0.287109375, 0.75390625, 0.27734375, -0.890625, 0.97265625, 0.01141357421875, 1.296875, -2.03125, -0.05126953125, -0.7265625, -0.6796875, 0.050537109375, -1.1015625, -1.0234375, 0.035400390625, 1.203125, 0.27734375, -1.203125, -0.158203125, 1.4453125, 0.85546875, 0.275390625, 0.046142578125, -0.828125, -0.2578125, 0.18359375, -0.126953125, 0.59765625, -1.0078125, 1.078125, 0.83984375, 2.03125, 0.6015625, -0.5390625, 1.5078125, 0.77734375, 0.2021484375, -0.15234375, 0.0098876953125, 1.96875, 0.1728515625, -1.71875, 0.0264892578125, -0.64453125, 0.244140625, -1.125, 0.2021484375, -0.376953125, -0.24609375, 1.7421875, 0.443359375, 1.5078125, 0.91796875, 1.1875, 0.134765625, -0.373046875, -1.25, -1.1171875, -1.7890625, 0.029296875, 0.75390625, -0.1689453125, -1.1015625, -1.5078125, -2.09375, -0.03466796875, 1.7734375, 2.265625, -1.3828125, -0.7734375, 1.59375, -0.06689453125, 0.1650390625, 1.40625, 0.4921875, -1.4453125, -0.9921875, -0.66015625, -1.1484375, 1.875, 1.5625, -0.73046875, 0.59375, -1.2265625, -0.73828125, -0.53125, -0.431640625, 0.2890625, -0.1884765625, 1.140625, -0.11865234375, -1.734375, -0.251953125, -0.1455078125, -1.34375, -0.400390625, -1.328125, 1.171875, -0.50390625, 0.546875, 1.2734375, -0.90234375, -0.8203125, -0.5, 0.453125, -0.0341796875, -0.9765625, 0.1357421875, -1.9453125, -0.88671875, -0.2734375, 0.8125, -1.3671875, -2.015625, 0.47265625, -2.1875, -1.203125, -0.8125, 0.625, 0.283203125, 0.1826171875, 0.55078125, -0.419921875, -0.10693359375, -0.515625, 1.3125, -0.65234375, 0.67578125, -0.57421875, 1.75, 1.859375, -1.390625, -0.1943359375, -1.015625, 0.0091552734375, -0.55078125, 1.765625, -1.203125, 0.322265625, 0.10791015625, 0.71875, 0.9609375, -0.0966796875, -0.201171875, -0.1396484375, -1.5703125, -1.015625, 0.1416015625, -0.98046875, 0.318359375, -0.2197265625, -0.74609375, 0.27734375, 0.73828125, 0.703125, 0.00011348724365234375, 1.21875, 1.5625, 1.1171875, -0.6171875, -0.486328125, -0.6171875, -0.17578125, 0.427734375, 0.69921875, 0.3828125, -1.453125, -0.322265625, -0.53515625, -0.5859375, 0.1953125, -0.2265625, -0.68359375, -0.427734375, 1.2265625, -0.98828125, -0.279296875, -0.412109375, -0.81640625, 0.56640625, -0.404296875, -0.859375, 1.3046875, -1.5390625, 1.4375, -0.34375, 0.56640625, -0.65625, -0.390625, -1.484375, -0.9765625, -0.86328125, -0.86328125, -0.216796875, 0.7265625, -0.71484375, 2.78125, 1.734375, -0.2294921875, -1.0078125, 0.050048828125, -0.2060546875, -0.470703125, -1.296875, 0.1533203125, 0.2412109375, -0.93359375, 0.65234375, 0.52734375, 0.03662109375, 0.37109375, 1.28125, -0.953125, 0.240234375, -0.11083984375, -0.66796875, -0.259765625, -0.055908203125, -2.15625, -1.03125, -0.2421875, 1.4921875, -0.44921875, -1.0703125, 0.466796875, -0.16015625, 0.205078125, 0.232421875, -0.515625, 0.306640625, -0.69140625, 1.0546875, -0.95703125, 1.2421875, -0.490234375, 0.59375, 0.031494140625, 0.80859375, -0.75390625, 0.640625, -0.44921875, -1.6953125, -0.90625, 0.1396484375, -1.375, -0.1357421875, 0.08740234375, -0.19921875, -1.0625, 0.220703125, 1.828125, 1.171875, 0.48828125, 0.09033203125, 0.8828125, -0.80859375, 0.2275390625, -1.1484375, 0.43359375, -0.51171875, -0.033447265625, 1.109375, 0.1376953125, 0.2578125, -1.1953125, 0.07568359375, -1.0703125, -0.474609375, -0.27734375, 0.40234375, 1.1640625, -0.1884765625, -0.19140625, -0.41015625, -0.6484375, 0.34375, 1.1328125, -0.119140625, 0.9296875, 0.98828125, -0.0091552734375, 0.01226806640625, -1.0234375, -0.6875, -0.5625, 0.80078125, -0.06298828125, -1.0078125, 0.49609375, -0.28125, 0.63671875, 1.6640625, -0.62109375, 1.03125, 0.6953125, 1.1171875, -0.1630859375, 0.625, -0.91796875, -0.2158203125, 0.578125, -1.328125, -0.0712890625, -1.8671875, -0.04345703125, -0.21875, 1.3515625, -0.9609375, -1.171875, 1.4453125, -1.2109375, -0.5859375, -0.1376953125, -1.078125, 0.15234375, -0.0458984375, 1.1484375, 0.271484375, 1.5, 0.97265625, 1.0546875, 2.109375, -0.6171875, -0.90234375, -0.95703125, -1.5078125, -0.23046875, -0.52734375, 1.828125, 2.390625, -0.68359375, 0.125, 0.8515625, -0.146484375, -0.45703125, 0.26171875, -0.0284423828125, -1.0859375, -0.10107421875, 0.267578125, 0.11865234375, 0.5703125, -1.0625, 1.03125, -0.27734375, -1.03125, -0.40625, -0.59765625, -0.412109375, -0.57421875, -0.3671875, 0.7421875, -0.16015625, -0.60546875, -1, -0.69921875, -0.2080078125, 0.81640625, -0.89453125, 0.57421875, -0.07470703125, 1.5234375, 0.054931640625, 0.138671875, -0.2373046875, -0.451171875, 0.2265625, -0.13671875, 0.90625, -0.75390625, 1.046875, 0.9765625, -0.06298828125, -0.5078125, 0.08544921875, -0.43359375, -1.3046875, -0.26953125, -0.05419921875, -0.09619140625, -1.2578125, 0.32421875, 1.1015625, -1.078125, -0.9140625, 1.1015625, 0.828125, -1.421875, -2.328125, -0.1572265625, 0.9375, -0.5, 0.55859375, -0.125, -0.81640625, 0.90234375, -0.095703125, 0.83203125, 0.06689453125, 1.1953125, -0.71484375, -1.7265625, -0.08935546875, 0.5703125, -1.5703125, -1.2734375, 0.6875, 0.27734375, -0.2021484375, -1.0625, 0.251953125, 1.234375, -0.40625, 0.79296875, 1.7734375, 0.97265625, 1.5078125, -0.28515625, 0.71484375, 1.6328125, 0.6796875, -1.40625, -0.6015625, 0.13671875, -0.73828125, 1.25, -0.40625, 1.296875, 0.00147247314453125, 0.373046875, -0.1962890625, -1.34375, 0.333984375, -1.5625, -0.625, 2.171875, -0.7578125, -0.74609375, -1.3828125, 0.314453125, 0.1611328125, -1.1796875, -0.8359375, -1.2578125, -0.2080078125, -0.6171875, 1.1484375, 1.0625, -1.265625, -1.078125, 0.10888671875, 1.9921875, 0.29296875, 0.1083984375, 0.0888671875, -0.87890625, 1.734375, -0.81640625, 0.1630859375, -0.047607421875, -1.1484375, -1.0625, -0.0693359375, -0.3984375, 0.185546875, 0.78125, -0.6171875, 0.11474609375, 0.64453125, 0.1806640625, -0.0322265625, -1.0859375, -0.275390625, 0.6015625, -0.091796875, 1.1015625, -0.96484375, 1.0625, -0.61328125, 1.5546875, -0.5546875, 0.16796875, -0.95703125, 0.6171875, 1.03125, 0.796875, 0.38671875, 0.9609375, -0.00147247314453125, -1.0859375, -1.4921875, -0.68359375, 0.90234375, -0.0791015625, 0.6875, -0.51171875, 0.953125, 0.97265625, 0.306640625, -0.1591796875, -2.203125, -0.431640625, 0.640625, -1.2421875, 0.1142578125, 0.390625, 0.333984375, -1.7109375, 1.1796875, -1.28125, 0.36328125, 0.21875, 0.015625, 0.234375, 1.109375, -0.234375, -0.984375, 0.8359375, -1.015625, 1.203125, 1.171875, -1.1484375, -0.671875, -0.53515625, 0.5234375, 0.50390625, -0.279296875, 0.018310546875, -1.21875, 1.03125, -0.111328125, 0.1357421875, -1.0078125, 0.314453125, -0.8359375, -0.13671875, 0.5234375, 0.38671875, 0.11376953125, 0.404296875, 0.2890625, 0.9609375, 0.30859375, -1.203125, 0.48828125, 0.1220703125, 1.5078125, -1.5234375, -0.609375, 0.03564453125, -0.875, 0.828125, -0.69921875, -1.484375, 0.78515625, -0.1064453125, -1.40625, -1.8203125, 1.8984375, -0.60546875, 1.6953125, -1.015625, -0.06787109375, -0.1328125, 1.2734375, 0.0830078125, 0.353515625, -0.63671875, -0.47265625, -0.98828125, 0.5546875, 0.0390625, 0.66796875, 0.53125, 0.8203125, 1.1953125, -0.73828125, -1.2421875, -0.232421875, 1.109375 ]
https://openalex.org/W1532936348
Comparative evaluation of atracurium dosed on ideal body weight <i>vs.</i> total body weight in morbidly obese patients
Different conflicting reports have been published for the use of atracurium in morbidly obese patients. Dosing of atracurium based on lean body mass, total body weight, and total body weight with a dose reduction for every 10 kg more than 70 kg have been proposed.The current prospective randomized double-blind study compares atracurium 0.5 mg kg(-1) ideal body weight vs. 0.5 mg kg(-1) total body weight when used as a muscle relaxant in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Based on our results in patients with body weights varying from 112 to 260 kg, we have concluded that atracurium 0.5 mg kg(-1) ideal body weight results in a predictable profile of muscle relaxation allowing for adequate intubation conditions and recovery of muscle strength within 60 min with lack of need for antagonism. A dose-dependent prolongation of action is shown when dosing is based on total body weight.This double-blind randomized study evaluated atracurium dosing based on ideal body weight vs. total body weight for muscle relaxation in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.Twenty patients (body weight 112-260 kg, BMI 38-79 kg m(-2) ) were randomized to receive atracurium 0.5 mg kg(-1) ideal body weight vs. 0.5 mg kg(-1) total body weight. Primary endpoint was neuromuscular blockade using train-of-four ratios (TOF ratios) and secondary endpoints were intubation conditions and need for antagonism with neostigmine.In the ideal body weight group, times to recovery of TOF ratio from 0 to 5%, 50% and 75% were significantly shorter [TOF ratio from 0 to 5%: mean difference 30 min (95% CI 23, 39 min)] and with lower variability compared with the total body weight group. In the total body weight group there was a significant correlation between atracurium dose and time to a TOF ratio of 5% (r= 0.82, P < 0.001), which was absent in the ideal body weight group (r= 0.24). In both groups, intubation conditions were good while 70% of the patients in the total body weight group needed neostigmine at the end of surgery compared with 0% in the ideal body weight group.In morbid obesity (112-260 kg), atracurium 0.5 mg kg(-1) ideal body weight results in a predictable profile of muscle relaxation allowing for adequate intubation conditions and recovery of muscle strength to a TOF ratio >90% within 60 min with lack of need for antagonism. A dose-dependent prolongation of action is shown when dosing is based on total body weight.
[ -0.83203125, 1.875, 0.78515625, 0.2412109375, -0.453125, -0.2041015625, -0.68359375, 1.5546875, -0.16015625, -0.236328125, -0.984375, 0.1630859375, 0.39453125, -0.1787109375, 1.6484375, 0.279296875, -1.796875, -0.9140625, -0.06982421875, 0.318359375, -1.453125, -0.65625, -0.09423828125, 0.095703125, -0.27734375, 1.1484375, 0.1435546875, -0.94921875, -0.8046875, -0.3515625, -0.09326171875, 2.140625, -0.92578125, -0.09423828125, -0.64453125, 0.79296875, -0.134765625, 0.85546875, 0.7421875, -0.271484375, 0.66015625, -0.9765625, -0.1796875, -0.1201171875, 0.390625, 0.279296875, -0.302734375, 0.0169677734375, -1.265625, 0.87109375, 0.52734375, 0.51171875, 1.1328125, -0.306640625, -0.5390625, 0.890625, -0.7578125, 0.443359375, 1.984375, 0.208984375, -0.2236328125, -1.7421875, 0.9609375, -0.06494140625, 1, -1.21875, 0.6640625, -0.259765625, -0.2578125, 0.2314453125, 0.875, 0.9296875, -0.7890625, 0.1611328125, 0.189453125, 0.87890625, 0.1796875, 1.0546875, 1.0546875, 0.373046875, -0.578125, -0.2890625, 0.86328125, 0.263671875, -0.2373046875, 0.404296875, 0.11865234375, 2.21875, 0.75390625, 0.333984375, -0.62109375, 0.74609375, -1.3359375, -0.66796875, 0.96875, 0.060791015625, 1.5390625, -1.265625, -0.66015625, 0.9609375, 0.4765625, 0.2294921875, 1.0546875, 0.291015625, -0.3046875, 0.408203125, -1.34375, 0.6015625, -0.3984375, 0.90625, 0.2021484375, 0.32421875, 0.4921875, -0.06396484375, 0.12890625, 0.01068115234375, -0.416015625, 0.7265625, 0.30859375, -0.5234375, -0.66015625, -1.3671875, 0.40234375, -0.6953125, 0.333984375, 0.451171875, -1.140625, 0.10107421875, 0.115234375, -0.06396484375, 0.6171875, -0.271484375, -0.404296875, 0.2109375, -0.9375, -0.9296875, 0.279296875, 1.4140625, -0.52734375, -0.259765625, 0.287109375, 1.28125, 0.057861328125, 0.16015625, -1.421875, -1.9375, 0.3125, 0.072265625, -0.267578125, -0.2421875, 0.416015625, 0.1298828125, -0.50390625, 0.78515625, 0.1259765625, -0.41796875, -0.494140625, 1, 0.72265625, -0.150390625, 0.61328125, -0.3984375, 0.058349609375, -0.33203125, -0.01263427734375, 0.109375, -0.326171875, -0.21484375, -0.8515625, -0.87890625, -1.78125, -0.96875, 2.109375, 1.125, 1.5703125, -1.15625, -0.625, 1.1171875, -0.52734375, 0.3046875, -1.109375, 1.6171875, -0.318359375, 0.034912109375, 0.375, -0.322265625, -1.5234375, -1.0078125, -0.419921875, -0.609375, 1.15625, -2.09375, -0.5, 0.47265625, 0.1376953125, -0.625, -0.79296875, 0.64453125, -0.76953125, -1.015625, -1.3125, 1.046875, 1.0625, 0.8203125, 1.1640625, 0.75390625, 0.04638671875, 0.55859375, 1.1640625, 0.37890625, -2.15625, -0.98046875, 0.640625, -0.37890625, 1.5390625, 0.396484375, 0.7421875, 0.92578125, -0.25390625, -1.75, 0.80078125, 1.4375, 0.00408935546875, -1.3046875, -0.0869140625, -1.2109375, 0.78515625, 0.640625, -0.423828125, 1.3828125, -0.8671875, -0.86328125, -0.71484375, -0.7421875, 0.1201171875, -1.078125, 1.46875, -0.10107421875, 0.6015625, 0.177734375, 0.58203125, -0.203125, -0.7578125, -0.51953125, 0.208984375, 0.08935546875, 0.89453125, 1.6953125, -0.90234375, 1.6875, 1.0078125, -0.2119140625, -0.1708984375, 0.294921875, -0.2236328125, 1.03125, 0.361328125, 0.609375, 0.859375, -1.09375, -0.50390625, 0.19921875, 0.52734375, 0.9375, -0.5625, -1.015625, -1.0859375, -0.546875, -1.5859375, 0.66015625, -1.609375, -1.5546875, -0.06640625, -0.419921875, 0.88671875, -0.455078125, -0.5390625, -0.1943359375, 0.73828125, 0.765625, -0.45703125, -0.310546875, -1.1640625, 0.51953125, 0.6484375, 0.6640625, 0.5234375, 0.68359375, -1.328125, -0.87890625, 0.255859375, -0.087890625, -1.2265625, -0.9609375, -0.671875, -0.482421875, 1.296875, 0.57421875, 2.203125, -0.99609375, 0.87890625, 0.64453125, -0.2392578125, -0.037841796875, 1.96875, -0.373046875, -1.03125, 0.8515625, -0.267578125, 0.4296875, -0.181640625, 1.4296875, -0.859375, 1.09375, 0.29296875, 0.82421875, 0.59375, -0.6953125, 0.421875, 0.37109375, 1.09375, -0.53515625, 0.14453125, -0.361328125, -0.28125, -0.275390625, 0.37109375, -0.06396484375, -1.3046875, -0.17578125, -0.2197265625, -0.80859375, 0.81640625, -1.84375, -1.1796875, 0.99609375, -0.66796875, 0.6015625, 1.5859375, -0.203125, 2.203125, -1.734375, 0.109375, -0.36328125, -0.046142578125, 0.12890625, 2.3125, 0.490234375, 0.93359375, -1.5625, 0.1064453125, -0.455078125, 0.396484375, 0.046142578125, 0.154296875, 1.21875, 0.083984375, -1.1328125, -0.490234375, -0.703125, 0.87109375, 0.0341796875, -1.0703125, -0.08935546875, -0.921875, 0.07958984375, -0.4765625, -0.06494140625, 0.58203125, -0.65625, 2.015625, 0.75390625, -1.8359375, 0.71875, -0.052734375, 0.67578125, -0.203125, -0.25390625, -0.3359375, 1.28125, 0.326171875, 0.578125, -0.1416015625, -0.310546875, 0.478515625, 1.8984375, 1.2890625, -1.140625, 0.52734375, 0.51953125, -0.57421875, -0.21875, -2.140625, -0.1728515625, -0.181640625, 1.3828125, 1.65625, 0.103515625, -0.267578125, -1.40625, 0.027587890625, -0.271484375, 0.294921875, -0.07861328125, -1.25, 0.8359375, -0.1533203125, 0.734375, -0.10888671875, 0.53125, -1.203125, -0.451171875, 0.3515625, -0.2314453125, 0.703125, -0.296875, 0.2353515625, -0.4453125, -0.318359375, -0.455078125, 0.54296875, 1.34375, 1.046875, -1.015625, 0.05126953125, 0.05126953125, -0.37109375, -0.55078125, -1.09375, -0.0634765625, 0.2314453125, -0.0478515625, -0.21484375, -1.0390625, 0.251953125, -1.4296875, 0.78515625, 0.63671875, -0.478515625, 0.1806640625, 0.054931640625, 0.30859375, -0.08349609375, 1.203125, 0.353515625, 0.490234375, -0.2041015625, 0.251953125, 0.333984375, 0.05712890625, 0.2275390625, -2.5, -0.8203125, 0.3359375, -1.0234375, 0.69140625, -1.40625, 0.35546875, 0.224609375, -0.97265625, 0.298828125, -0.72265625, -0.09814453125, -1.3203125, 0.7265625, 0.00089263916015625, -0.283203125, 0.275390625, 0.55078125, 1.65625, 1.421875, 1.390625, -0.0966796875, -1.9453125, -0.091796875, 0.26171875, 0.6328125, -0.421875, 0.302734375, 0.1376953125, 1.078125, -1.1015625, 0.0673828125, -0.27734375, 0.43359375, -0.185546875, -0.10986328125, -1.0859375, 0.50390625, -0.8984375, -0.3203125, -0.90625, 0.189453125, -0.11669921875, -0.2890625, 0.78125, -0.263671875, 2.78125, 0.7890625, -0.08203125, -0.0654296875, -1.1015625, -2.359375, -0.640625, 0.921875, 0.671875, -1.078125, -0.07177734375, -1.1640625, 0.76953125, 1.3671875, 1.3125, -1.0078125, -1.234375, 0.90234375, -0.50390625, 0.2373046875, 0.84375, 0.7265625, -0.66015625, 0.1181640625, 0.068359375, -1.765625, -0.37890625, 0.82421875, 0.328125, 0.90625, -0.75390625, 0.29296875, -0.318359375, -0.6328125, -0.59375, -0.859375, 0.82421875, -0.99609375, -0.9921875, 0.03271484375, -0.173828125, 0.0439453125, -0.1513671875, -0.61328125, -0.1396484375, -0.330078125, -0.73046875, 1.71875, 1.5859375, -0.232421875, 0.75390625, -0.39453125, -0.01141357421875, -1.234375, 0.85546875, -0.8359375, 0.08349609375, -1.2578125, 0.6796875, -1.09375, -0.69921875, -0.216796875, -2.171875, -1.2578125, -1.3046875, -0.078125, 1.015625, 0.396484375, -0.0830078125, -1.046875, -0.08203125, 1.171875, 0.404296875, -0.09228515625, -0.69140625, 0.138671875, -0.037353515625, 1.15625, -1.4140625, -0.5546875, -0.765625, 0.44140625, -0.48828125, -0.1376953125, -0.64453125, -0.10693359375, 0.06103515625, 0.2734375, -0.388671875, 1.46875, -0.6015625, -0.5, -0.83203125, -1.1875, -0.310546875, -1.3046875, 0.5, -0.58203125, 0.423828125, 2.203125, 2.328125, 0.126953125, 0.984375, 0.357421875, 1.71875, 0.2314453125, 0.490234375, -0.5859375, -0.322265625, 0.44921875, 0.19921875, 0.1630859375, 0.984375, -1.109375, -0.58203125, -1.046875, -0.6953125, 1.3671875, -1.4765625, -0.1142578125, 0.029296875, -0.7890625, 0.0673828125, 0.169921875, -0.486328125, -0.3203125, 0.053466796875, -0.80859375, 0.314453125, 1.515625, -0.609375, -0.1728515625, 1.3671875, -0.875, -0.3515625, -0.6953125, -0.74609375, -0.81640625, 0.044921875, -0.5625, 0.032958984375, 0.9921875, -0.2578125, 1.5390625, 1.515625, -0.203125, 0.1728515625, -0.3046875, 1.578125, -1.171875, 0.458984375, -1.359375, 1.3671875, -0.62890625, 0.263671875, 1.5, -0.734375, -0.306640625, 1.671875, 0.40625, -0.7890625, 0.2578125, -0.1220703125, -0.08984375, 0.82421875, 0.00174713134765625, -0.19921875, 0.91015625, 0.462890625, 0.21484375, -0.640625, -0.33203125, 1.15625, -0.90234375, 0.0810546875, 0.453125, 0.28515625, -0.93359375, 1.6875, -0.83203125, 0.80859375, 0.68359375, -0.32421875, -0.19921875, 0.46875, -0.72265625, 0.02490234375, -0.431640625, 0.453125, -0.052490234375, 0.392578125, -0.890625, -0.46875, -0.1748046875, -0.79296875, 1.2109375, 2.03125, 1.3515625, 0.0927734375, 0.09912109375, 0.3515625, -0.82421875, -1.703125, -0.1962890625, 0.80078125, 0.30078125, 0.98046875, 0.44921875, -0.0947265625, 1.2109375, 0.03515625, 0.0693359375, -0.251953125, -0.515625, 0.63671875, 1.6484375, 1.4375, 2.21875, 0.734375, -0.056640625, 0.9453125, -0.0068359375, 0.56640625, 1.46875, 1.0625, 0.294921875, -0.62109375, 0.06298828125, 0.12109375, -0.66015625, 0.294921875, -0.06494140625, 1.125, -0.63671875, -0.6640625, 0.423828125, -0.7734375, -0.1533203125, 0.5078125, -1.5, 0.2255859375, 0.2890625, 0.6328125, -1.4296875, 1.4453125, -1, -0.609375, -0.76171875, 0.83984375, -0.63671875, -1.671875, -0.53515625, -0.69921875, 0.5, 1.25, -1.359375, 1.25, 0.10498046875, 0.19140625, -1.5390625, -1.9765625, -0.89453125, -1.03125, 0.75, 0.265625, 0.07861328125, -0.2119140625, 0.984375, 0.34375, -0.20703125, -0.31640625, -0.408203125, 0.0703125, -0.84375, -0.55078125, -0.75, 0.23046875, -0.388671875, -0.12109375, 0.057373046875, 0.1259765625, -0.279296875, -0.0257568359375, 0.61328125, 0.318359375, 0.087890625, -0.640625, -1.328125, -0.44140625, 0.0888671875, 1.0390625, -0.6171875, -0.44140625, -0.71875, -0.3671875, -0.61328125, -0.99609375, 0.125, 1.6640625, 0.181640625, -1.265625, -1.9765625, -0.40234375, -0.158203125, -0.11767578125, 1.078125, -0.97265625, -0.48828125, -0.058837890625, -1.171875, 0.4375, 0.0306396484375, 1.1015625, 0.8515625, -0.8515625, 0.62109375, 0.83984375, -0.78125, -0.1259765625, -1.25, 0.98046875, -0.6328125, 0.298828125, -1.6484375, 0.171875, -0.0576171875, -0.287109375, 0.1572265625, 0.0208740234375, 0.1318359375, -0.053466796875, -1.171875, 1.609375, -1.0625, -1.6640625, -1.3046875, 0.515625, 1.203125, -0.1298828125, 0.7265625, -0.1708984375, -0.65625, 0.55859375, -0.83984375, 0.08447265625, 0.484375, 1.265625, -1.140625, -1.9453125, -1.2109375, -0.3125, -1.1015625, -2.21875, 1.1796875, -0.1962890625, 0.380859375, -1.25, 0.08056640625, 0.1513671875, -1.203125, 0.028076171875, 1.4921875, -0.8828125, 1.5390625, -1.4296875, 1.5859375, 1.2265625, 1.6953125, 0.6484375, -0.578125, -1.5546875, 0.625, 1.0546875, 1.03125, 1.296875, 0.734375, 0.12060546875, -0.423828125, -0.0751953125, 0.1865234375, -1.8125, -0.75, 2.078125, -1.125, -0.7109375, -0.478515625, 0.51953125, -0.052490234375, -0.8828125, -0.734375, -0.359375, 0.022705078125, -0.380859375, -0.416015625, -1.265625, -2.28125, -1.1171875, 1.3515625, 2.078125, -1.1171875, 1.03125, -0.53125, -0.0625, -0.1708984375, -0.263671875, -0.80859375, 1.1796875, -3.109375, 0.287109375, -1.1015625, -0.365234375, -1.3125, 0.81640625, -0.90234375, -0.26953125, 0.20703125, 0.9140625, 1.0625, -1.171875, -0.1826171875, 0.0164794921875, -0.97265625, 0.5703125, -0.0927734375, -0.30078125, 0.00186920166015625, -0.05322265625, -1.7265625, -0.0517578125, -0.6640625, -0.439453125, 0.1630859375, 0.1396484375, 1.3515625, 0.0045166015625, 0.314453125, -0.19921875, -1.5234375, -1.1171875, 0.388671875, -0.5703125, 0.94921875, 0.349609375, 0.166015625, -0.2314453125, -0.84765625, 0.201171875, -0.58984375, -0.349609375, -0.07373046875, 0.609375, 0.002899169921875, 0.34765625, -0.20703125, 0.2392578125, 0.115234375, 0.140625, 1.453125, -0.31640625, -0.15234375, -0.255859375, 0.75390625, -1.359375, -0.6171875, -0.51953125, -1.3125, 0.79296875, 1.0859375, 0.171875, -0.5625, 0.3515625, 0.91796875, 0.030029296875, 0.2294921875, 0.11376953125, -1.1640625, 1.171875, 0.045166015625, -0.07421875, -1.21875, -0.032470703125, 0.3671875, 0.7265625, 0.984375, 0.8046875, -0.55859375, 1.6484375, 0.78515625, 0.60546875, 0.07666015625, 0.76171875, 0.30078125, -0.043701171875, 1.6640625, -0.99609375, -0.6796875, -1.0234375, -0.6171875, 0.384765625, 0.494140625, 0.265625, -0.115234375, 0.474609375, -0.1357421875, 0.091796875, 0.8671875, 1.3671875, 2.828125, 0.412109375, 1.1015625, 0.6640625, 1.5078125, 1.078125, -0.498046875, 0.2578125, -0.09033203125, -1.703125, -0.007232666015625, -0.2158203125, 1.1171875, 0.2265625, 1.75, 0.671875, -1.1171875, -1.0078125, -0.62109375, 1.8125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1533183041
A yeast <scp>tRNA</scp> mutant that causes pseudohyphal growth exhibits reduced rates of <scp>CAG</scp> codon translation
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the SUP70 gene encodes the CAG-decoding tRNA(Gln)(CUG). A mutant allele, sup70-65, induces pseudohyphal growth on rich medium, an inappropriate nitrogen starvation response. This mutant tRNA is also a UAG nonsense suppressor via first base wobble. To investigate the basis of the pseudohyphal phenotype, 10 novel sup70 UAG suppressor alleles were identified, defining positions in the tRNA(Gln)(CUG) anticodon stem that restrict first base wobble. However, none conferred pseudohyphal growth, showing altered CUG anticodon presentation cannot itself induce pseudohyphal growth. Northern blot analysis revealed the sup70-65 tRNA(Gln)(CUG) is unstable, inefficiently charged, and 80% reduced in its effective concentration. A stochastic model simulation of translation predicted compromised expression of CAG-rich ORFs in the tRNA(Gln)(CUG)-depleted sup70-65 mutant. This prediction was validated by demonstrating that luciferase expression in the mutant was 60% reduced by introducing multiple tandem CAG (but not CAA) codons into this ORF. In addition, the sup70-65 pseudohyphal phenotype was partly complemented by overexpressing CAA-decoding tRNA(Gln)(UUG), an inefficient wobble-decoder of CAG. We thus show that introducing codons decoded by a rare tRNA near the 5' end of an ORF can reduce eukaryote translational expression, and that the mutant tRNA(CUG)(Gln) constitutive pseudohyphal differentiation phenotype correlates strongly with reduced CAG decoding efficiency.
[ -0.296875, 1.0625, 0.59375, 1.078125, -0.18359375, 0.1376953125, -0.1259765625, 0.48828125, -0.671875, -0.5625, -0.6171875, -0.0172119140625, 1.2578125, -0.466796875, 0.8828125, 0.123046875, -0.267578125, -0.92578125, 0.412109375, 0.5546875, -0.3046875, 0.06298828125, -2.046875, 0.26953125, 0.1689453125, -0.1796875, -0.828125, -0.65234375, 0.77734375, 1.328125, 0.10888671875, -0.146484375, -1.5546875, 0.423828125, -0.447265625, 0.45703125, 0.306640625, 0.60546875, -0.130859375, 0.028564453125, 0.0546875, -0.051025390625, 0.85546875, -0.34375, -0.208984375, 0.69921875, -1.6015625, 0.08740234375, -0.1494140625, 0.291015625, 0.0098876953125, 1.0625, -0.67578125, -1.2890625, -1.671875, 0.314453125, -0.369140625, 0.423828125, 0.828125, -1.234375, -0.55078125, -2.25, -0.18359375, 0.333984375, 0.298828125, 0.20703125, -0.4453125, 0.04052734375, -0.498046875, -0.7421875, 1.15625, -1.3125, -1.25, -0.0966796875, -0.74609375, 1.1328125, 0.349609375, 0.2490234375, -0.60546875, -0.2734375, 0.2734375, -1.3046875, 0.66015625, 0.00099945068359375, -0.91796875, 0.65625, 0.41796875, 1.9453125, 0.6796875, 1.4140625, -0.275390625, -0.58984375, -1.03125, 0.0498046875, -0.1103515625, 0.0037994384765625, -0.049072265625, -0.1513671875, -1.3828125, 1.453125, 0.46875, 0.201171875, 0.67578125, -0.173828125, 0.158203125, 0.8203125, -0.11474609375, -0.5625, -0.1826171875, -0.462890625, -0.5859375, 0.30859375, -0.10888671875, 0.328125, 0.69140625, -0.95703125, -0.11669921875, 0.373046875, 1.1171875, -0.04833984375, 0.4296875, -0.62109375, -0.26171875, -0.2236328125, -0.41796875, 1.1640625, -0.07958984375, -0.87109375, 0.57421875, -1.890625, 0.85546875, -0.20703125, 1.03125, -0.279296875, 0.5390625, -0.306640625, 0.408203125, 1.0625, 0.1171875, 0.625, 0.220703125, 2.1875, -1.2890625, -0.333984375, -0.28125, -0.1513671875, 0.625, 1.40625, 0.271484375, 0.70703125, -0.6796875, -1.53125, 0.328125, 2.15625, 0.056396484375, 0.8125, -0.37109375, 1.5234375, 0.150390625, 0.71484375, 0.08056640625, -1.375, 0.06982421875, 0.01153564453125, -1.0078125, 1.3828125, -0.52734375, 0.51953125, -0.1513671875, 0.94921875, -0.57421875, -0.58203125, 0.169921875, 0.52734375, 0.73828125, -1.453125, -0.703125, 2.1875, 0.80859375, -2.09375, 0.1025390625, 0.93359375, 0.423828125, -0.166015625, -0.65625, 2.125, 0.5078125, -0.671875, 0.69140625, -0.1396484375, 1.0234375, -1.84375, -1.2421875, 0.1337890625, 0.6875, -0.671875, 0.333984375, 0.62109375, -0.65625, 0.65625, -1.9375, 0.2216796875, -0.4609375, -0.3125, 0.31640625, 0.271484375, 0.369140625, -0.2109375, 1.1015625, 1.1640625, -0.9375, -1.328125, -0.1630859375, -0.9296875, -0.9609375, -0.75390625, 0.205078125, 1.171875, -0.50390625, 0.1015625, 1.296875, -0.1943359375, -0.337890625, 0.26171875, -0.51953125, -2.046875, -0.259765625, 0.8515625, 0.33984375, 1.0234375, 0.11865234375, -0.68359375, 0.359375, -0.95703125, -0.62109375, -0.236328125, 0.61328125, -0.67578125, 0.69140625, 0.66796875, 0.09033203125, 0.82421875, -0.185546875, 1.3828125, 0.07958984375, 0.0054931640625, 1.1953125, -0.6953125, -0.1982421875, 0.73828125, 0.58203125, -0.984375, 0.337890625, -0.03515625, -0.33203125, 0.13671875, -0.8046875, 0.169921875, -0.345703125, -1.0546875, -0.40234375, 0.29296875, 0.330078125, 0.53125, -0.1240234375, -1.1171875, -0.5, -0.38671875, -0.498046875, 0.478515625, 0.26953125, -0.078125, 0.52734375, -0.5546875, 0.7109375, -0.224609375, -1.2421875, -0.3125, -0.197265625, -0.10546875, -0.7421875, 0.0595703125, -0.244140625, -0.294921875, -0.31640625, 0.006072998046875, 0.6484375, 0.99609375, -0.373046875, 0.51953125, 0.5546875, -1.1015625, -2.09375, -0.055419921875, 1.0390625, -0.54296875, 1.25, 1.5, 0.62890625, 0.97265625, 1.265625, -0.0301513671875, 0.353515625, -0.365234375, 1.3359375, -1.1796875, -1.03125, -0.62890625, -0.4453125, 0.7578125, 0.52734375, 1.703125, 0.0390625, 0.6953125, 0.87109375, 1.1328125, -0.63671875, -1.4921875, 1.015625, -0.3203125, 0.193359375, 1.4375, -1.25, 1.875, -0.296875, -0.54296875, -0.43359375, -0.314453125, -0.2158203125, 1.234375, -0.55859375, -1.0078125, 0.1865234375, -0.05810546875, 0.62890625, 1.2890625, -0.92578125, -0.427734375, 0.72265625, -0.59765625, -0.275390625, -1.125, -0.53125, -0.47265625, 0.7421875, -0.234375, 0.4765625, -0.96875, 1.1640625, -1.34375, -0.4765625, -0.400390625, 1.203125, 0.37890625, -0.7421875, 1.625, 0.7109375, -0.38671875, -0.75, -0.5546875, -0.125, -1.0703125, -0.2177734375, -0.2177734375, 0.09765625, -0.06982421875, 1.09375, -0.59765625, 0.17578125, -0.79296875, 0.451171875, -0.0028076171875, -0.77734375, 0.380859375, 0.00225830078125, 2.046875, -0.3984375, -1.46875, 0.1904296875, 1.3671875, 0.12451171875, -0.6328125, -0.040771484375, 0.25, 1.84375, 0.859375, -0.39453125, 0.25390625, 1.0234375, 1.0703125, 1.71875, -0.1318359375, -2.015625, 0.88671875, -0.45703125, -0.0849609375, 0.049072265625, -0.0026397705078125, 0.341796875, -1.265625, 0.16015625, 0.36328125, 1.828125, 0.51171875, -1.078125, -0.7265625, -0.6484375, -0.69140625, 0.3046875, -0.1103515625, -0.89453125, 0.55078125, -0.859375, 1.359375, 0.96875, 1.25, 0.50390625, -0.50390625, -0.07763671875, -0.2333984375, 1.1171875, -0.404296875, -0.326171875, -1.265625, -0.5859375, -0.134765625, 0.3125, -0.671875, -1.3203125, 0.412109375, -0.1982421875, 0.20703125, 0.88671875, -2.09375, -0.111328125, 1.1171875, 0.74609375, 0.21484375, -1.078125, 0.3125, 0.2333984375, -0.26171875, 0.1064453125, -0.365234375, 0.91015625, 0.78125, -0.388671875, -0.1572265625, 1.125, 0.34765625, 0.73828125, -1.40625, -1.84375, -0.359375, 1, -0.130859375, -0.002899169921875, 1.03125, 0.71875, 0.62890625, -0.21875, -0.2177734375, -1.5078125, 0.041015625, 0.19140625, 0.314453125, -0.2216796875, -0.208984375, -0.953125, 1.7265625, 1.5390625, 0.62890625, -0.2578125, -0.44921875, -0.65234375, 1.171875, 0.2421875, 0.61328125, 0.2431640625, 0.66796875, 1.0234375, 0.76953125, 0.1748046875, 1.359375, 1.1484375, -0.2119140625, -0.625, -0.09521484375, -0.6640625, -0.56640625, 0.5546875, 0.255859375, 0.12060546875, 0.0291748046875, 0.40625, 0.1669921875, -1.3671875, 0.494140625, -0.5234375, 0.2421875, 0.28125, -0.71484375, -1.75, 0.25, 0.95703125, -1.0625, 0.349609375, 1.5625, -2.046875, 0.46484375, 1.7578125, 1.6328125, -0.81640625, -0.390625, -0.453125, 0.95703125, 0.38671875, 1.078125, 0.796875, -1.421875, 1.1953125, -0.58203125, 0.314453125, 1.109375, 1.6953125, 0.306640625, 0.84375, -0.58984375, 0.435546875, -1.53125, -0.59375, -0.60546875, 0.478515625, 0.4765625, 0.29296875, -0.87890625, -0.11279296875, 0.435546875, -0.345703125, -0.6484375, -0.76953125, 1.1015625, 0.4140625, -0.16015625, 0.1689453125, -0.234375, -0.1767578125, 1.4609375, -0.94140625, 0.515625, -1.734375, -0.28125, -0.486328125, 0.0142822265625, -0.1201171875, 1.484375, -0.09814453125, -0.2890625, 0.126953125, 0.08740234375, 0.89453125, -1.7734375, -0.373046875, 1.1171875, 0.54296875, -0.00830078125, -0.162109375, -0.10107421875, 1.2578125, 1.21875, -0.42578125, -0.6328125, 0.26953125, -0.5859375, 0.474609375, 0.0191650390625, -0.439453125, -0.609375, -0.31640625, 0.279296875, -0.52734375, 1.484375, 0.66796875, -0.006072998046875, -0.263671875, 0.06787109375, 1.984375, 0.69140625, 0.040771484375, -0.302734375, -0.1875, -0.458984375, 1.453125, 1.2421875, 0.1328125, -0.390625, 0.330078125, 1.234375, -0.0198974609375, 1.15625, -1.375, -0.039306640625, 0.7890625, -0.283203125, -0.05029296875, -0.6015625, -1.1328125, 0.5390625, -0.419921875, 0.28125, -1.03125, -0.69140625, -0.67578125, 0.2421875, 0.8125, -0.07666015625, 1.171875, -1.3515625, -1.015625, 0.0361328125, 0.6328125, 0.302734375, 0.71484375, 1.34375, 0.8359375, -1.078125, 1.0703125, -0.033203125, 1.4140625, -0.298828125, -0.486328125, 0.50390625, 0.022216796875, -0.0732421875, -0.6953125, -1.40625, -1.421875, 1.90625, 1.2421875, -0.10009765625, 1.125, 0.494140625, 1.7421875, 0.00860595703125, 0.038330078125, 0.71875, -2, -1.8984375, -1.1484375, 1.1328125, 0.515625, 0.58203125, -0.63671875, -0.98828125, -1.15625, 1.03125, -0.98828125, -0.036865234375, -1.6015625, -0.306640625, -0.361328125, 0.60546875, -0.73046875, 0.037109375, -0.474609375, 0.71875, -0.76171875, -0.11328125, -0.443359375, 0.13671875, -0.68359375, 0.5390625, -0.00665283203125, 0.287109375, -1.078125, -0.26171875, -0.2431640625, -0.5, -0.80078125, 0.369140625, 1.1171875, 0.62109375, -0.1611328125, 0.189453125, -0.140625, -0.54296875, -0.84765625, -0.33203125, -0.09326171875, 0.0771484375, 0.140625, -0.61328125, 0.73046875, 0.9140625, 0.41015625, 0.484375, 0.05810546875, 0.62890625, -0.6171875, -0.8984375, 0.66015625, 0.21484375, -0.08544921875, -0.353515625, 1.1171875, -0.1708984375, 1.0625, 1.0625, -0.1884765625, -0.369140625, -0.515625, -0.224609375, -0.080078125, -0.83984375, 1.1328125, 0.4765625, 0.7265625, -0.07421875, -0.6171875, 0.5234375, 0.89453125, 0.3671875, 1.1015625, -0.546875, -0.490234375, -1.765625, -0.62890625, -0.0849609375, -0.103515625, 1.5859375, 0.494140625, -0.04833984375, 1.6640625, -1.1328125, 0.796875, -0.1767578125, -0.921875, 0.359375, 0.3984375, 0.474609375, -0.306640625, 0.7109375, 1.3984375, 0.62109375, 0.8046875, 0.62109375, 0.375, -1.2734375, 0.78125, -0.75, -0.154296875, 0.7734375, 0.07568359375, 0.74609375, 0.73828125, -1.640625, -0.400390625, -0.91015625, -0.06396484375, -0.6953125, -0.314453125, -1.03125, 0.96484375, -0.91796875, 0.10693359375, 0.2275390625, -0.6875, -0.51953125, 0.6484375, -0.33203125, 0.1328125, -1.1875, 0.3828125, 0.333984375, -0.63671875, -0.427734375, 1.09375, -1.1875, 0.45703125, 0.421875, -1.1171875, -1.9921875, 0.322265625, 1.1015625, -0.1875, 0.275390625, 0.22265625, 0.59375, -0.498046875, -0.984375, 0.1552734375, 1.328125, -0.1796875, 0.90625, -0.859375, 0.349609375, 0.1455078125, 0.78125, 0.06787109375, -0.23828125, 1.3828125, 1.078125, -0.03369140625, 0.56640625, 0.1318359375, 0.38671875, 0.388671875, -1.3046875, -0.006072998046875, -0.040283203125, 0.01397705078125, -2.9375, 0.39453125, 0.71484375, -0.6171875, 0.09228515625, -0.0576171875, 0.12255859375, 0.65625, -0.53125, 0.54296875, 0.478515625, -0.314453125, 0.0257568359375, -0.031005859375, 0.5546875, 0.134765625, 0.15625, -0.8984375, 0.8046875, -2.328125, -1.5546875, -1.8984375, 0.1875, 0.43359375, -0.72265625, -0.0849609375, 0.23828125, -0.020263671875, 0.1435546875, 1.3125, 0.953125, 0.71484375, 0.1533203125, 0.1748046875, 0.1689453125, -0.6171875, 0.81640625, -0.1171875, 0.45703125, 0.228515625, 0.08984375, 0.154296875, -0.9609375, -0.7109375, -0.357421875, 0.671875, -0.83203125, 0.0181884765625, -0.47265625, 0.103515625, -0.5078125, 1.6640625, 1.7421875, -0.2255859375, -0.94140625, 0.59765625, -0.255859375, -0.298828125, 0.890625, 0.5, 0.031494140625, 0.87890625, 0.3984375, 0.28515625, -0.185546875, -0.349609375, -0.2294921875, 0.326171875, 1.0078125, -0.046142578125, 0.4140625, -2.1875, 0.99609375, 0.275390625, -0.87109375, -0.41796875, -0.59375, -1.1953125, 0.068359375, 0.33203125, -1.171875, -0.36328125, 0.06201171875, 0.490234375, 0.9296875, 0.29296875, 0.54296875, 1.171875, 0.345703125, -0.021240234375, 0.466796875, -0.7265625, 1.8046875, -0.0654296875, -0.12158203125, -0.30859375, -1.0078125, 0.8984375, -0.1318359375, -0.625, -0.498046875, 0.37890625, -0.1435546875, -0.181640625, 0.484375, 0.0859375, 0.00616455078125, 1.125, 0.53515625, 0.365234375, -0.298828125, -0.47265625, 0.185546875, -0.7421875, 0.037353515625, -1.1640625, 0.02734375, -0.61328125, -0.1611328125, -1.421875, -0.25390625, 0.83203125, -0.51953125, -0.98046875, -1.40625, 0.421875, 0.318359375, 1.0625, -0.6484375, 1.109375, 0.060302734375, -0.14453125, -0.67578125, 0.0927734375, 0.419921875, -0.08544921875, -0.37109375, -0.453125, -0.287109375, -1.640625, -0.53515625, 1.3984375, -0.04443359375, 0.5234375, 0.1767578125, -0.8125, 1.28125, 0.052490234375, -0.59375, -0.86328125, 1.1796875, -1.484375, 0.8359375, 0.1064453125, -0.77734375, -0.26171875, 1.671875, 0.83203125, 0.341796875, -0.326171875, 2.203125, 0.32421875, -0.57421875, -0.52734375, 2.203125, -0.1376953125, -0.7421875, -0.49609375, -0.52734375, -0.32421875, 0.796875, 0.8046875, 0.39453125, -0.0986328125, -0.06298828125, 1.046875, 0.310546875, 0.4296875, 0.875, 1, -0.84765625, -0.1220703125, -1.015625, -0.546875, 0.162109375, 0.37890625, 0.6015625, 0.84765625, 0.00019550323486328125, -0.84375, -0.0869140625, 0.60546875, -0.40234375, 1.90625, 1.265625, 0.28515625, -0.2216796875, 0.734375, -0.5859375, -1.875, 0.8203125, -1.5390625, -1.2109375, 0.1796875, 1.4609375, -0.181640625, 1.515625, 0.34765625, 1.3828125, -0.73828125, -1.1953125, 0.7578125, 1.203125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1533324097
Memory T‐cell trafficking: new directions for busy commuters
The immune system is unique in representing a network of interacting cells of enormous complexity and yet being based on single cells travelling around the body. The development of effective and regulated immunity relies upon co-ordinated migration of each cellular component, which is regulated by diverse signals provided by the tissue. Co-ordinated migration is particularly relevant to the recirculation of primed T cells, which, while performing continuous immune surveillance, need to promptly localize to antigenic sites, reside for a time sufficient to carry out their effector function and then efficiently leave the tissue to avoid bystander damage. Recent advances that have helped to clarify a number of key molecular mechanisms underlying the complexity and efficiency of memory T-cell trafficking, including antigen-dependent T-cell trafficking, the regulation of T-cell motility by costimulatory molecules, T-cell migration out of target tissue and fugetaxis, are reviewed in this article.
[ -0.6015625, -0.294921875, 1.296875, -0.43359375, 1.15625, 0.2421875, -1.0390625, 1.1484375, -0.41015625, 0.279296875, -1.0859375, 0.41015625, 1.9453125, -0.78515625, -0.2353515625, 1.1328125, 0.57421875, -0.71484375, -2.46875, -1.5546875, 0.5, 0.94921875, -2.8125, 0.40625, -0.328125, 1.078125, -0.3125, -0.302734375, 0.2451171875, 1.953125, 0.5859375, 2.609375, -2.953125, -1.125, -0.3125, -0.73828125, -0.95703125, 0.1630859375, -1.7265625, -0.208984375, -0.1474609375, -0.80859375, 0.03271484375, -0.44140625, -1.40625, 1.4765625, -2.484375, -0.78515625, -0.796875, -1.015625, 0.431640625, -0.65234375, 1.6328125, -0.625, -0.46875, 1.3125, -0.8671875, 0.265625, 1.359375, -0.5625, -1.2890625, 0.0419921875, -0.1494140625, 0.54296875, 1.0078125, 0.0186767578125, 0.38671875, 0.703125, -0.84375, -0.333984375, 0.1396484375, -0.318359375, -0.859375, -0.59375, 0.11328125, 1.390625, -1.5703125, -0.228515625, 0.181640625, 0.90234375, 0.9140625, -2.21875, 0.71875, 0.85546875, -0.4296875, 0.73828125, -0.0322265625, 3.234375, 1.1015625, 1.5546875, -0.75, 0.33203125, -1.4921875, -0.2158203125, -0.625, -0.11669921875, 1.0859375, -0.58203125, -1.359375, 1.3984375, -1.4140625, -0.30859375, -0.63671875, -1.078125, -0.1396484375, 1.21875, -1.5390625, 0.75, -1.421875, 0.84765625, 0.98046875, 0.265625, -1.2578125, 1.65625, -0.361328125, -0.04443359375, 0.71484375, 0.97265625, 0.474609375, 0.0732421875, 0.046142578125, -0.640625, 0.1083984375, -1.0546875, 1.5859375, 0.8515625, -0.65234375, 0.78125, -0.0322265625, -1.71875, 1.0390625, 0.12158203125, 0.9765625, 0.2734375, -1.125, -1.5546875, 1.2890625, 1.2265625, 1.859375, -0.9453125, -1.5546875, 1.421875, -0.040283203125, -2.46875, -1.2578125, -0.57421875, 0.265625, 1.0390625, -1.0859375, 0.333984375, -2.234375, -0.263671875, 0.8515625, 2.90625, 0.6015625, 0.72265625, -2.046875, 2.921875, -0.96484375, -0.322265625, 0.126953125, -0.58203125, 2.234375, -1.9453125, -0.875, -2.46875, -1.15625, 0.86328125, 0.0712890625, -0.140625, 0.240234375, 0.92578125, -0.64453125, 0.328125, 1.34375, -1.4609375, -0.2109375, 0.171875, 2.359375, -1, 0.3671875, 0.8671875, 0.427734375, -2.140625, 1.359375, 0.1650390625, -2.375, 0.83203125, -0.5703125, 1.6015625, -0.1240234375, -3.671875, -1.671875, 0.7734375, 0.146484375, -1.0546875, -0.302734375, 2.265625, -0.318359375, -0.478515625, -1.5859375, -0.7265625, 0.142578125, -0.07421875, 0.96875, 0.75390625, -0.84765625, 0.50390625, 0.2451171875, 1.7578125, -0.80859375, -0.609375, -0.181640625, 0.2041015625, 0.71484375, -0.421875, 0.2275390625, 0.29296875, -0.6796875, -0.296875, -0.0751953125, 1.0078125, -0.58203125, -0.8125, 0.1904296875, -2.0625, 3, 0.59375, -1.5234375, 0.373046875, 1.09375, 0.453125, 1.5390625, -1.4921875, 0.435546875, -0.09521484375, 1.125, 0.015869140625, 0.057373046875, -1.4921875, -0.380859375, 0.31640625, 1.59375, 0.9921875, -0.220703125, -0.62109375, 1.5625, 0.60546875, -1.5625, 1.6640625, 0.95703125, -0.51953125, 0.7734375, -2.109375, 0.5625, -0.267578125, -2.265625, 1.7109375, 1.0703125, -0.52734375, -0.07958984375, -0.6796875, 0.142578125, -0.80078125, 0.5078125, -1.046875, 0.1259765625, -0.408203125, -1.125, 0.9765625, -1.1171875, -1.9140625, -1.265625, -0.3203125, -0.26953125, 1.125, -1.8203125, -1.1953125, -0.49609375, -0.5234375, 1.25, -2, -0.310546875, 0.59375, 0.86328125, -2.765625, 0.9375, -0.287109375, -0.09619140625, -1.984375, -0.703125, -0.83984375, -1.2265625, 0.421875, 0.56640625, -0.1728515625, -0.10205078125, 3.296875, -0.67578125, 1.265625, 0.024169921875, 0.51171875, -0.41015625, 0.44140625, 0.7890625, -0.6796875, -1.15625, -1.078125, 0.4609375, 1.640625, -0.359375, -0.84765625, -1.0703125, 1.3515625, 1.15625, 2.203125, 0.035888671875, 0.318359375, 0.50390625, 0.65234375, 1.234375, -0.154296875, 2.078125, 0.8984375, -1.359375, -0.08251953125, -1.4765625, -0.46875, -1.5859375, 0.12109375, 0.4296875, -1.0703125, -0.3515625, 1.890625, 0.44921875, 0.51953125, 0.412109375, -0.357421875, 0.1005859375, 1.578125, 1.515625, -1.7265625, -0.671875, -1.359375, 1.890625, -0.6640625, 0.333984375, -0.37109375, 0.0556640625, -1.2109375, 1.4921875, 0.1328125, 1.96875, -1.4921875, -2.46875, -1.015625, 1.828125, -1.2265625, -2.203125, 0.0927734375, 0.62890625, 0.1328125, 0.8515625, 0.921875, -0.10205078125, -0.10888671875, 1.15625, -1.2109375, 1.2734375, -1.3984375, -0.5546875, -1.4765625, -1.4921875, 2.0625, 2.65625, 1.84375, -0.859375, -0.85546875, -0.0810546875, 0.609375, -1.140625, 0.6640625, 0.310546875, -0.49609375, 1.40625, 0.6875, -0.05224609375, -1.90625, -0.07568359375, -1.1875, 0.88671875, -0.81640625, -0.90625, 0.34765625, 1.328125, 1.125, 0.028564453125, -0.41015625, -1.7578125, 0.91015625, -0.75390625, 0.6015625, 1.640625, 0.703125, -0.609375, -1.28125, -1.765625, -1.8515625, 0.65625, -0.22265625, -2.65625, 0.4453125, -0.91796875, -0.55859375, 0.55078125, -0.181640625, 1.3125, -1.3203125, -0.91796875, 1.359375, 0.95703125, -2.421875, -0.42578125, -0.2158203125, 2.546875, 2.4375, -0.61328125, 0.953125, -0.8359375, 1.09375, 1.03125, -0.55859375, -0.322265625, 2.734375, -0.333984375, -1.796875, 1.2265625, 1.828125, -0.21484375, -0.9609375, 0.25390625, -0.322265625, -0.87890625, -1.1171875, 1.5625, 0.625, 0.98828125, 0.48828125, -0.1435546875, 1.7578125, -0.10791015625, -0.71875, -2.71875, -1.984375, -0.93359375, -1.6953125, -1.5078125, 0.23046875, 0.01904296875, 0.107421875, -0.055908203125, 0.11279296875, 0.4140625, -1.2421875, 1.3046875, 0.12255859375, -0.53515625, -0.44140625, -0.275390625, 2.15625, 1.8515625, 0.3359375, -2.25, 0.8828125, -0.9296875, -0.57421875, 0.296875, -0.81640625, 0.89453125, -0.07666015625, 3.3125, 1.0625, -0.443359375, 1.1171875, 0.55078125, 2.375, -1.5234375, 0.9609375, -0.47265625, 0.74609375, 1.015625, 0.26171875, -0.75390625, -0.88671875, 0.08544921875, 2.015625, 0.005218505859375, 0.41015625, -0.27734375, 0.71875, 0.5390625, -3.34375, -3.1875, 0.54296875, 0.15625, -0.62890625, -1.5078125, 0.609375, -1.53125, 1.6328125, 0.52734375, 2.4375, -0.4765625, -1.6875, -0.255859375, 1.6640625, 0.87109375, -0.81640625, 0.408203125, -0.7734375, -0.029541015625, -1.3984375, -1.2578125, -0.734375, 1.2890625, -1.9609375, 2.65625, 0.1298828125, -0.890625, -2.984375, -0.765625, -0.412109375, 1.4140625, 0.6015625, 1.0859375, 0.2109375, 0.08740234375, -1.1640625, 0.86328125, -0.26953125, -0.71875, -0.55859375, -0.234375, 0.671875, 1.1796875, -0.08935546875, 1.515625, 1.3359375, -0.373046875, -0.2177734375, -1.609375, 0.44921875, -1.515625, 0.01171875, -1.328125, 0.55859375, -0.251953125, 2.046875, 0.79296875, -0.8515625, -2.046875, -0.95703125, -0.043212890625, 1.25, -0.470703125, -0.291015625, -0.578125, -2.203125, 0.1787109375, 0.53125, -1.78125, 0.11279296875, 0.427734375, 0.9453125, 1.265625, 0.1201171875, -1.2109375, -0.92578125, -0.9140625, -1.5390625, 1.171875, 1.6640625, -1.484375, -0.232421875, 0.41796875, -0.0303955078125, 0.8046875, -0.56640625, 1.0390625, -0.08251953125, -0.421875, -1.421875, 0.7421875, -0.416015625, 0.6640625, -0.341796875, 0.953125, 2.828125, -0.82421875, 0.208984375, -0.4375, 1.1484375, -0.162109375, -0.431640625, -1.4765625, -1.40625, 0.1357421875, 0.400390625, -0.248046875, 0.86328125, -0.38671875, -0.6796875, -0.59375, -0.640625, 0.2314453125, 1.1953125, 0.3125, -0.474609375, 0.365234375, -0.072265625, -1.5078125, -0.4609375, -2.328125, 1.5703125, 0.7578125, 0.04345703125, -0.5546875, -1.15625, 2.109375, -0.236328125, -0.310546875, 0.404296875, -0.6875, -1.59375, -1.640625, -0.09619140625, -2.53125, 1.0859375, 0.61328125, 0.82421875, 1.0625, -0.2158203125, 0.2431640625, 0.41796875, -0.98046875, 0.984375, -1.734375, -0.058349609375, -0.380859375, 0.671875, -1.578125, -0.185546875, 0.2734375, 0.58203125, 0.12109375, 0.89453125, -1.7578125, 0.1455078125, -0.85546875, 0.0322265625, 1.703125, 0.4375, 0.02978515625, -2.078125, 1.1015625, 1.515625, 0.388671875, -0.58203125, -0.1845703125, -0.94921875, -1.203125, 0.427734375, 0.06884765625, 1.140625, 0.8125, 0.033447265625, -0.94921875, 2.796875, -1.3046875, -0.330078125, -1.0546875, -0.474609375, 0.3515625, 0.267578125, 1.578125, -0.60546875, 0.2001953125, 0.37890625, 1.2578125, -0.921875, -0.1748046875, 0.72265625, 0.91015625, 1.34375, 1.21875, -1.953125, -0.0712890625, 1.1953125, 0.482421875, -1.03125, -0.4765625, 0.5859375, -1.21875, 1.40625, -0.416015625, 0.58203125, 0.1650390625, 1.3828125, -1.6875, 0.443359375, 1.2734375, -1.078125, -0.7265625, 0.341796875, 0.328125, -0.2080078125, 1.0625, -0.7734375, -1.0859375, -0.7890625, 0.1142578125, 0.263671875, 0.2890625, -1.53125, -0.6015625, 0.078125, -1.4375, -0.77734375, -0.1220703125, 1.453125, 1.2421875, -0.58203125, 3.046875, -1.328125, -0.13671875, -0.16015625, -1.375, 0.5390625, 1.0234375, 0.1513671875, -1.3046875, 1.5859375, -0.37890625, 0.02880859375, 0.265625, 0.7578125, -0.91796875, -2.1875, -0.78515625, -0.640625, 0.76171875, 0.5703125, 0.76953125, 2.53125, -0.8046875, -0.984375, -0.77734375, 1.375, -0.59765625, -1.7734375, 1.0625, -2.875, 0.6796875, -1.328125, -0.1748046875, -0.734375, 0.1015625, -1.71875, -0.06494140625, 1.9765625, -0.6796875, -1.8984375, -0.0084228515625, 0.388671875, -0.0027618408203125, 0.83203125, 0.5625, -2.21875, 0.92578125, 1.0234375, -2.828125, 0.337890625, 0.318359375, -0.373046875, -0.91796875, 0.205078125, 0.61328125, -0.376953125, -1.6796875, -3.25, -0.46484375, -0.5703125, -1.1015625, 0.25390625, 0.421875, -0.10595703125, 1.3203125, -0.6796875, -0.69921875, -0.90234375, 1.171875, 1.75, 0.77734375, 0.65625, 0.49609375, 2.296875, -0.92578125, -0.6875, 0.640625, 0.6015625, 2.8125, -0.82421875, 1.265625, -1.140625, -2.96875, -0.62109375, 1.125, 0.62890625, -0.66796875, -1.0234375, -0.294921875, -0.1171875, 0.80859375, -0.404296875, -0.2197265625, -0.0771484375, -0.361328125, -0.94140625, -1.03125, 1.53125, 0.73828125, -2.046875, -1.796875, -0.78125, 0.8515625, -1.421875, 0.062255859375, -0.484375, 0.3515625, 1.171875, -1.1015625, 0.2421875, 1.1484375, 1.3359375, 0.58984375, 0.578125, 0.0673828125, 1.421875, -0.65234375, 0.1650390625, 0.458984375, 0.296875, 2.046875, -0.828125, 0.490234375, 1.5859375, -0.4140625, -0.498046875, 1.8046875, 0.98828125, 2.078125, 1.5859375, 1.6640625, 3.03125, 0.365234375, -0.482421875, 0.5859375, -1.1484375, -0.671875, 1.0078125, -0.44921875, -0.36328125, 0.48828125, 1.609375, 0.205078125, -0.1787109375, 0.193359375, -1.7421875, 0.0859375, 2.375, -2.265625, -0.4453125, -2.34375, 0.79296875, 0.64453125, -1.2578125, 0.8515625, 0.435546875, -0.7578125, -0.59375, 0.37890625, -1.78125, -0.455078125, -0.48828125, 0.123046875, 2, 1.53125, 0.51171875, 0.1357421875, 1.453125, 0.55859375, -1.5078125, 0.494140625, 1.5625, -1.1640625, -0.1689453125, -0.78515625, 0.796875, 0.80859375, -0.609375, -0.0069580078125, 2.15625, 1.6015625, 1.046875, 2.015625, -1.5234375, 1.3125, -1.5625, -0.490234375, 0.36328125, 1.4140625, 0.384765625, -0.8125, 1.453125, 1.3984375, 2.265625, -1.03125, 0.93359375, -0.0673828125, -0.302734375, -0.84765625, -0.6953125, -1.7421875, -1.953125, -1.484375, -1.4453125, 0.875, -0.1640625, 1.734375, 0.93359375, -0.91796875, -1.7265625, 1.1640625, -1.1484375, 1.609375, 0.48828125, -0.51953125, 0.8671875, 0.361328125, 0.51171875, 1.2890625, 0.890625, 0.37109375, -0.359375, 1.53125, 0.287109375, -0.12353515625, 1.671875, 0.66015625, 0.068359375, -0.45703125, -1.0703125, -0.146484375, -0.1123046875, 0.0888671875, -1.6484375, 0.40625, 2.578125, -0.40625, 0.76953125, -1.796875, 0.703125, -1.171875, 1, -0.84375, -0.03125, 1.2578125, -0.053466796875, -0.94921875, -0.72265625, -1.5078125, 1.3828125, 0.72265625, 1.1875, -0.296875, -0.08349609375, 0.466796875, -0.12353515625, 0.9140625, -0.73046875, 0.6015625, -1.2578125, -0.177734375, 0.71875, -0.326171875, -2.09375, 0.74609375, 1.2421875, 0.75, 0.69140625, -0.9921875, -1.859375, 1.1875, 0.1884765625, 1.7109375, -1.3515625, 0.248046875, -0.71875, -0.00150299072265625, -0.8515625, -1.40625, 1.0703125, 0.60546875, -0.69921875, 1.5390625, 1.015625, 1.734375, -0.015869140625, 0.044189453125, 0.39453125, -0.9765625, 0.220703125, -1.0234375, 2.90625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1533435425
An Intercultural Approach for Language Teaching: Developing Critical Cultural Awareness
This article presents the pedagogical experience of a teacher implementing an intercultural approach in an undergraduate foreign language teaching program. The students who participated in this experience were interviewed in order to demonstrate that an intercultural approach is an effective alternative to developing students’ critical cultural awareness, as well as to explore the critical relationship between language and culture. Analysis of the interviews revealed critical cultural awareness in students’ teaching practices and personal views. It also showed students becoming conscious of the essential role of culture in language teaching.&#x0D; How to reference thus article:&#x0D; Agudelo, J. J. (2007). An Intercultural Approach for Language Teaching: Developing Critical Cultural Awareness. Íkala. 12(1), pp. 185 – 217.
[ -0.2138671875, 0.22265625, 0.162109375, -0.10009765625, 0.4453125, -0.8515625, -2.578125, 1.4609375, 0.2041015625, -0.4296875, -0.76171875, 1.1953125, 2.09375, -0.6171875, 1.6875, 0.73828125, -0.640625, -0.1103515625, -1.3125, -0.6796875, -1.40625, -1.1875, -1.59375, 2.34375, 0.2734375, 0.9375, 1.1875, 0.4609375, 0.1904296875, -0.25390625, 1.6953125, 0.7734375, -2.59375, 1.4140625, 0.025146484375, 0.45703125, -0.4921875, 2.625, -0.765625, 0.1884765625, 0.369140625, 0.47265625, 0.392578125, -0.546875, -1.296875, 1.125, 0.09814453125, -0.3046875, -1.8984375, -0.8359375, -0.76171875, 1.1796875, 1.3203125, -0.076171875, 1.4921875, 1.3984375, 0.0751953125, 0.447265625, 0.173828125, 0.2734375, -0.2119140625, -1.8515625, -1.015625, -1.2265625, 1.1015625, -1.046875, 0.1728515625, 0.28515625, -0.044921875, 0.90625, -0.97265625, 1.265625, -0.7109375, 0.1298828125, 1.609375, 0.380859375, -0.154296875, -1.09375, -2.40625, -1.015625, -0.1875, -2.390625, -0.04638671875, -1.2265625, -2.078125, -0.38671875, -1.5, 3.171875, -2.34375, 2.203125, -1.3125, 0.85546875, -1.390625, 0.5, 0.41015625, 1.03125, 0.3984375, 0.88671875, -0.455078125, -1.6640625, 0.50390625, -0.2734375, -1.1015625, 0.25, 0.6640625, 1.1484375, -1.546875, -0.4296875, -1.859375, 1.125, -0.1904296875, -0.228515625, 1.7734375, 0.58984375, 0.1416015625, 0.435546875, 0.56640625, 1.1015625, 0.259765625, -0.427734375, 1.5703125, -3.0625, 0.423828125, -0.8125, 0.83984375, 0.32421875, 0.43359375, 0.4375, 2.03125, -0.287109375, 0.88671875, 0.77734375, 1.6484375, 0.388671875, 0.220703125, -1.4921875, 1.015625, 0.55078125, -0.32421875, 1.3515625, -1.7265625, 2.828125, -0.51953125, -1.375, -0.6171875, -0.478515625, 0.578125, -0.07568359375, 0.44140625, 1.3125, 1.234375, 0.0216064453125, 0.109375, 1.4921875, 0.765625, -0.6875, -0.640625, 4.03125, 1.2265625, 0.0517578125, 0.4140625, -0.375, 1.828125, -0.220703125, 0.546875, 0.359375, -0.353515625, 0.52734375, 1.9453125, 1.8359375, 0.859375, -1.015625, -0.7265625, 0.71484375, 1.0859375, 0.349609375, -0.75, 1.203125, 1, -0.419921875, 1.109375, 2.359375, 1.8984375, 0.54296875, -0.224609375, 1.3515625, -0.76171875, -0.1455078125, -0.8359375, 1.8046875, 0.6171875, -0.71875, -0.294921875, 1.4140625, 0.37890625, -0.42578125, 0.9609375, 0.734375, -1.328125, -1.2421875, -1.625, 1.8359375, 0.1494140625, 0.82421875, 0.578125, -2.40625, 0.4140625, 0.2138671875, 0.8515625, 1.6640625, -0.63671875, -0.443359375, -0.51171875, -1.0703125, -0.30859375, -1.1796875, -1.0234375, 1.828125, -3, -1.265625, 1.0625, 0.80859375, -0.416015625, 0.169921875, -1.15625, -1.6953125, 1.15625, 0.1806640625, -1.5078125, 1.7265625, 1.359375, 1.515625, 0.73828125, -0.5859375, -3.515625, -0.361328125, 0.028564453125, 0.7421875, 0.5703125, -0.10791015625, 1.140625, -0.455078125, -0.94140625, 3.8125, 1.8203125, -0.57421875, 1.8046875, -2.078125, 0.1689453125, 0.4453125, 2.78125, -0.091796875, -0.21484375, 0.75, 1.109375, -0.6015625, -2.5, 0.73828125, 1.7890625, -0.2734375, -1.03125, 0.8984375, -1.4296875, -0.181640625, -0.208984375, -0.400390625, -1.125, 0.7109375, 1.296875, 0.6328125, 0.328125, -4.28125, -2.546875, 1.046875, -0.75390625, 0.16796875, -0.431640625, -0.62890625, -0.421875, -0.053955078125, -0.28125, -1.625, -0.90625, -0.98046875, 1.03125, -0.76953125, -1.0390625, 1.0546875, -1.6875, -1.0859375, -0.66796875, -1.1640625, -0.5078125, 1.390625, -0.427734375, -1.640625, -0.60546875, 2.46875, -0.26953125, -0.2001953125, 1.8515625, 0.953125, 1.15625, -1.171875, 0.56640625, -0.2021484375, -1.15625, -0.2001953125, -0.73046875, 0.19921875, -0.44921875, -0.443359375, -0.4375, 1.1640625, 0.423828125, 0.6171875, -1.0546875, -1.4921875, 1.59375, 0.70703125, 1.6484375, 0.83203125, 0.97265625, -1.8671875, 0.2470703125, -2.6875, -0.2294921875, -1.4609375, -1.125, 1.109375, -0.38671875, 0.2890625, 0.0179443359375, -1.421875, -0.048095703125, 1.515625, 0.349609375, -0.52734375, 1.96875, 1.171875, 0.314453125, -1.3046875, -1.7890625, -1.375, 1.09375, 0.1796875, 2.0625, -0.10498046875, 0.890625, -0.7109375, 0.4609375, -2.203125, 0.291015625, 0.0712890625, -1.5859375, 0.87890625, 0.53125, -3.65625, -0.66796875, 1.9296875, 0.86328125, 0.91796875, 1.8125, 0.1591796875, 2.3125, -0.181640625, -0.09716796875, -0.431640625, 0.376953125, -0.703125, 1.25, 1.578125, -0.6171875, 2.109375, 0.97265625, 1.3515625, -2.328125, -2.03125, 1.578125, 2.140625, -2.625, 2.078125, -0.6875, 2.203125, 1.5234375, 0.150390625, -0.7421875, -1.109375, -1.7734375, 1.796875, -0.99609375, 1.46875, -3.34375, -0.7265625, 0.55078125, 1.03125, 1.3671875, 0.443359375, -1.2265625, -1.546875, 0.75390625, 0.5078125, 2.375, -1.1640625, -0.38671875, -0.02587890625, -1.3125, -1.6171875, 0.7421875, -0.734375, 0.28515625, -0.73828125, -0.166015625, 0.90625, -1.03125, -0.69921875, -0.400390625, 0.1484375, -1.25, -2.390625, -0.271484375, 0.34765625, 1.8203125, -0.11669921875, 0.39453125, -0.025634765625, -0.04296875, 0.326171875, -3.0625, -0.61328125, 0.059814453125, -0.18359375, 0.95703125, -0.84765625, 2.109375, -1.640625, -0.28125, 0.62890625, 0.095703125, 0.56640625, 0.796875, -1.4765625, -0.80859375, -0.287109375, 0.9453125, 1.859375, -0.0289306640625, 1.3828125, 1.078125, 1.703125, 1.0390625, -0.43359375, -2.140625, -1.1328125, 1.6484375, 0.4375, -0.328125, -0.396484375, -0.6796875, -1, 1.0625, -1.140625, 0.1201171875, -0.1767578125, 1.453125, 0.007537841796875, 0.7578125, 0.052490234375, -2.359375, 0.470703125, 0.4609375, 1.2109375, -2.375, -1.5546875, 0.326171875, 0.021484375, 0.62890625, 0.078125, -1.40625, 1.1171875, 0.90234375, 1.265625, -0.03125, 0.65234375, -0.890625, 0.279296875, -1.765625, 0.7734375, 2.140625, -0.1005859375, 0.50390625, -2.90625, -1.15625, -1.8125, 3.03125, 2.09375, 1.5, 2.859375, -1.375, 0.703125, -0.474609375, 0.1005859375, -2.109375, 1.296875, 1.203125, 1.7265625, -1.21875, -0.02734375, -2.53125, 1.078125, 1.5859375, -0.140625, -3.28125, -0.77734375, 0.2353515625, 0.484375, 1.359375, 0.484375, 0.498046875, -1.34375, -0.046875, -0.625, -0.455078125, -0.58203125, -1.359375, -0.57421875, 2.109375, 2.046875, -1.15625, 0.0164794921875, 0.9296875, -0.1767578125, 0.06689453125, 0.94140625, -0.404296875, -1.5546875, -0.322265625, -0.8125, 2.703125, 1.1640625, 1.7265625, -0.158203125, -2.109375, -0.7421875, 1.8515625, -1.2578125, 0.48046875, 0.85546875, -3.203125, -0.59375, -0.310546875, 1.0078125, 0.365234375, -0.447265625, 2.875, 0.85546875, 0.3125, 0.9765625, 0.80078125, -1.1953125, -1.859375, -3.0625, 0.11669921875, 0.1748046875, 2.265625, -0.84765625, -1.5859375, -2, 0.09228515625, 1.03125, -1.953125, -1.4609375, 1.8984375, 1.84375, 1.3984375, -1.3046875, -1.3203125, -1, -2.1875, -2.1875, 0.0654296875, 0.98828125, -0.55078125, 1.78125, 0.29296875, -0.291015625, 0.7421875, 0.671875, -2.078125, -0.6796875, -1.703125, -3.609375, 0.365234375, 1.1171875, 0.359375, 1.8984375, 1.40625, 3.34375, 0.033203125, 0.2080078125, -0.455078125, -0.162109375, 0.1767578125, 0.47265625, -0.01422119140625, 0.453125, 2.09375, -1.2734375, -0.357421875, 0.455078125, -0.2099609375, -0.12060546875, -1.328125, 1.7578125, -0.11474609375, -0.72265625, 2.375, -1.5, -0.59375, -1.03125, -1.34375, -0.57421875, 1.734375, 0.25, 0.66796875, -1.3671875, 0.859375, -0.310546875, 1.421875, -0.07080078125, -1.203125, -1.0625, 0.7421875, -0.890625, 0.0028839111328125, 0.21875, -1.296875, -2.28125, 1.734375, -1.21875, 1.6484375, 0.408203125, 0.44140625, 1.65625, 0.9609375, 1.8203125, -1.3203125, 0.296875, -0.46875, 2.53125, 0.3125, 0.9140625, 0.216796875, -0.025146484375, 1.3828125, 0.26171875, -2.53125, -1.4375, 0.16796875, -0.15234375, -0.224609375, -1.2265625, -1.859375, 0.1435546875, 0.84765625, 3.796875, 0.1689453125, -3.4375, 0.341796875, -0.10009765625, -2.078125, 1.4375, -0.265625, -0.345703125, -1.0390625, -1.015625, -1.984375, 1.484375, 0.040771484375, 0.859375, -0.451171875, -1.4140625, -0.2490234375, 0.455078125, 0.71484375, -1.9453125, 0.6328125, 0.86328125, 0.04443359375, 0.380859375, 0.9296875, -0.1865234375, -0.7109375, -0.002960205078125, 0.65234375, 2.640625, 0.91015625, -0.703125, 0.33984375, 0.2236328125, 1.5, -0.8828125, 0.44140625, -1.1640625, 0.427734375, 0.03125, -0.1591796875, 1.3359375, -1.2734375, 0.158203125, 1.265625, 2.109375, -0.5234375, 1.28125, 1.1875, 1.09375, 1.78125, -2.1875, -0.62890625, 1.0390625, 0.10205078125, 2.640625, -0.298828125, -2.1875, -1.4453125, 0.984375, 0.08154296875, 1.59375, -0.78125, 0.337890625, -0.85546875, -1.1796875, 2.015625, -1.609375, 1.90625, -1.0390625, 1.203125, 1.2109375, 2.421875, 2.3125, -1.9140625, 1.2890625, 0.09521484375, 0.035400390625, 1.15625, -1.1171875, -0.0223388671875, -2.9375, -0.62890625, -1.53125, 1.078125, -1.078125, 1.2734375, 1.203125, 0.2119140625, -1.3046875, -2.203125, -1.9140625, 1.78125, 0.0238037109375, 1.4921875, -1.7890625, 0.69140625, -1.890625, 1.0234375, -1.8359375, 1.0234375, -1.2578125, -1.3828125, 0.494140625, -1.8359375, -0.7578125, 1.34375, -0.1953125, -0.326171875, -1.0625, -0.40625, 1.1640625, -1.40625, 1.265625, -0.9375, -0.734375, -0.6875, -0.10498046875, 0.51953125, -0.83984375, 1.0859375, 0.93359375, -1.390625, 0.375, -1.546875, 0.376953125, 0.0181884765625, -0.287109375, 0.8125, 0.294921875, 2.046875, 1.9296875, -0.080078125, 0.49609375, 0.86328125, -1.953125, 2.46875, -0.6328125, -1.765625, 2.203125, 2.40625, 1.8828125, -0.7421875, 2.046875, -0.0751953125, 0.138671875, 2.53125, 1.640625, -0.00970458984375, -1.0078125, -0.8828125, 0.3203125, -0.75, 2.640625, 0.38671875, 1.046875, 0.00897216796875, -0.91796875, -0.392578125, -0.037841796875, -0.78515625, 1.046875, -0.1904296875, 2.03125, -1.6015625, -1.796875, -3.171875, -0.5078125, 0.8046875, -1.515625, 0.357421875, 0.458984375, 0.0301513671875, 0.63671875, 1.6875, 0.423828125, 0.2314453125, 1.6875, -0.80078125, -1.65625, -1.8125, 0.84765625, 0.1826171875, -0.75390625, 1.953125, -1.4453125, 0.921875, -0.390625, -1.6640625, 1.2734375, -0.2392578125, -0.037841796875, 2.203125, -0.314453125, 1.1640625, -0.2001953125, 1.484375, 1.4453125, 0.380859375, 0.162109375, 0.474609375, -1.3203125, -1.9921875, 1.234375, -2.6875, 0.275390625, -0.22265625, 2.203125, 1.265625, -1.140625, -0.6015625, -0.40625, 0.68359375, 3.8125, -1.140625, 0.451171875, 0.1650390625, 0.64453125, -1.65625, -1.359375, 1.5, 0.1533203125, -0.1748046875, -1.640625, 1.6328125, 0.380859375, -0.984375, -1.9375, -1.6015625, -0.57421875, 0.033447265625, -3.203125, -1.1953125, 0.08642578125, 0.1748046875, -0.314453125, 0.6953125, 1.03125, -0.73828125, -0.154296875, -1.2890625, 0.53125, -0.91796875, -0.65234375, -1.2421875, -0.65234375, -1.3125, -0.85546875, 0.142578125, -1.0625, -0.80078125, 1.9140625, 0.0311279296875, -0.83984375, 1.328125, 1.2421875, 0.52734375, 1.8828125, -1.0546875, -1.296875, -1.515625, -0.361328125, -0.49609375, -2.78125, -0.06298828125, -0.1689453125, 0.33203125, 1.515625, -0.41015625, -0.5703125, -1.2421875, -0.0181884765625, 0.302734375, -0.2080078125, -0.60546875, 1.0625, -0.15625, 2, -0.875, 1.4140625, 1.2734375, -1.125, -1.7734375, -0.7421875, -1.3984375, 0.099609375, -0.2412109375, -0.609375, 2.328125, -2.28125, -1.0546875, 2.484375, -0.373046875, 1.0078125, -0.78515625, -0.294921875, -2.234375, -0.267578125, 1.953125, -1.625, 1.2578125, 1.7109375, 0.8515625, -0.306640625, -0.4375, 0.55859375, -0.443359375, -0.341796875, 1.09375, 1.59375, -0.53515625, 1.3671875, 1.40625, 0.0245361328125, -0.515625, 1.390625, 1.1796875, 0.73046875, 2.046875, -0.96484375, 0.96875, -0.796875, -0.6875, -0.9765625, 0.2080078125, -0.333984375, -0.609375, -1.796875, 0.2294921875, 0.07861328125, 1.1796875, -1.84375, -2.171875, 0.55078125, -0.51953125, -1.1640625, 3.59375, 2.21875, 2.09375, -0.040283203125, 0.78515625, -0.546875, 0.6484375, -3.234375, -2.125, 1.359375, -1.4921875, 0.357421875, 0.365234375, 0.443359375, 1.2890625, 1.53125, 1.859375, 2.25, -2.8125, -1.5625, -1.7734375, 2.96875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1533586641
PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and partial rRNA gene sequencing: a rational approach to identifying mycobacteria
A PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for amplification and rapid identification of mycobacterial DNA coding for 16S rRNA was developed. The PCR selectively targeted and amplified part of the 16S rRNA gene from all mycobacteria while simultaneously labelling one strand of the amplified product with a 5' fluorescein-labelled primer. The identity of the labelled strand was subsequently determined by hybridization to a panel of mycobacterial species-specific capture probes, which were immobilized via their 5' biotin ends to a streptavidin-coated microtiter plate. Specific hybridization of a 5' fluorescein-labelled strand to a species probe was detected colorimetrically with an anti-fluorescein enzyme conjugate. The assay was able to identify 10 Mycobacterium spp. A probe able to hybridize to all Mycobacterium species (All1) was also included. By a heminested PCR, the assay was sensitive enough to detect as little as 10 fg of DNA, which is equivalent to approximately three bacilli. The assay was able to detect and identify mycobacteria directly from sputa. The specificities of the capture probes were assessed by analysis of 60 mycobacterial strains corresponding to 18 species. Probes Avi1, Int1, Kan1, Xen1, Che1, For1, Mal1, Ter1, and Gor1 were specific. The probe Tbc1 cross-hybridized with the Mycobacterium terrae amplicon. Analysis of 35 strains tested blind resulted in 34 strains being correctly identified. This method could be used for rapid identification of early cultures and may be suitable for the detection and concurrent identification of mycobacteria within clinical specimens.
[ -0.2099609375, 0.625, 3.015625, -0.890625, -0.65625, -1.3125, -0.76171875, 1.3203125, 0.5703125, -0.6171875, -1.578125, -0.28125, 2.03125, 0.40625, 1.5703125, 0.68359375, -0.5390625, 0.71484375, 0.68359375, 0.25390625, -1.7109375, 0.1572265625, -0.921875, 0.205078125, 0.61328125, 0.59765625, -0.87890625, 1.046875, -0.5078125, 0.6875, 1.1875, 2.140625, 0.049072265625, -1.78125, 0.87890625, 0.7890625, 0.74609375, 0.002716064453125, -0.3515625, -1.3046875, 0.6796875, -0.6640625, 1.5234375, 0.1845703125, -1.984375, 0.50390625, -1.5078125, 0.1845703125, 0.09619140625, -0.9609375, 0.140625, -0.08740234375, 0.8984375, -1.0703125, 0.34765625, 0.95703125, -1.625, -0.90234375, -0.10498046875, -1.453125, -0.28515625, -0.640625, 1.3046875, -0.02099609375, 0.431640625, 1.5546875, -0.349609375, -0.59375, 1.4453125, 0.50390625, 1.5078125, 1.3515625, 1.5703125, -0.033203125, 1.5546875, 0.451171875, -1.421875, 0.9375, 0.8125, 1.90625, -0.609375, -1.046875, 0.318359375, 1.0234375, -1.4609375, 1.859375, 0.357421875, 1.765625, 0.271484375, 0.6171875, -1.0078125, 0.68359375, -0.072265625, 0.72265625, -0.4140625, -0.96484375, 1.140625, -0.330078125, 0.62109375, 1.5390625, -0.58203125, -0.875, -1.3515625, -0.55859375, 0.70703125, 0.6171875, -0.5234375, -0.052001953125, -0.333984375, 0.27734375, 0.53515625, -0.55078125, 0.291015625, 1.2734375, 1.1875, 0.2392578125, 0.421875, 1.546875, 2.640625, -0.140625, -0.3671875, -1.59375, 0.11572265625, -0.1591796875, 1.7890625, 0.6796875, -1.28125, 0.7890625, 1.1796875, 0.0283203125, -0.29296875, -0.126953125, -0.2333984375, -0.92578125, 0.0654296875, -1.375, 0.0859375, 0.05078125, 2.75, 0.76171875, 0.85546875, 1.453125, -0.3359375, 0.1533203125, -0.83984375, 0.3359375, -0.06982421875, 1.265625, -1.4453125, 0.08203125, 0.365234375, 0.15625, -0.376953125, 1.2890625, 0.474609375, 0.69921875, -0.22265625, 0.9375, 0.19140625, 0.1796875, 0.81640625, -0.828125, -0.0306396484375, 0.443359375, 0.31640625, 0.21875, -0.7265625, -0.73828125, 1.015625, -1.2109375, 0.1328125, -0.5, 0.546875, -0.84765625, 0.796875, -0.578125, 0.034423828125, 1.1796875, 0.35546875, -1.1328125, 1.078125, 1.3671875, -0.953125, 0.40234375, 1.1015625, 1.8203125, -0.69921875, -0.56640625, -1.046875, 0.80859375, 1.1328125, -1.21875, -2.15625, 0.96484375, 1.1953125, -0.11669921875, 0.71484375, 0.66015625, -0.26171875, -0.94921875, -1.0390625, -0.1943359375, 0.8984375, -0.291015625, -0.76171875, -0.09375, 0.181640625, 0.12060546875, -0.427734375, -0.236328125, -0.6484375, -1.6328125, -0.1875, -0.91015625, -1.296875, 0.5546875, -0.0673828125, 0.6953125, -0.5859375, -1.109375, 1.375, 0.69140625, -0.6640625, -1.2421875, -0.9921875, -0.8203125, 0.1142578125, 2.625, -0.126953125, 0.75390625, 0.0286865234375, 0.2021484375, 0.1689453125, 0.609375, -1.390625, 0.6796875, -0.6328125, 0.1484375, 1.3046875, -0.4296875, 0.8203125, 0.05517578125, -0.296875, 0.71875, 0.8046875, 0.265625, 1.4296875, 0.10107421875, -0.412109375, 0.091796875, 1.4140625, -1.015625, -0.462890625, 0.2109375, 0.1455078125, 0.96875, 0.6953125, 0.921875, -0.419921875, -0.6875, 0.7109375, 1.3828125, -0.6328125, 0.9609375, 0.0712890625, -0.016357421875, -0.3203125, -0.0654296875, -0.9453125, 0.451171875, -1.8828125, -0.80859375, -0.388671875, -1.578125, -0.052734375, 0.7734375, 1.3515625, 0.0673828125, -1.0546875, 0.333984375, -0.2158203125, -0.1025390625, -0.09423828125, 0.095703125, 0.2392578125, 0.318359375, 0.2392578125, -0.0947265625, -0.0830078125, -0.70703125, -1.046875, -1.2109375, -1.7734375, 0.181640625, 0.81640625, -1.9140625, 0.29296875, 1.3984375, -0.8515625, 0.0947265625, 1.8515625, 1.09375, -1.2578125, -0.2412109375, 1.9453125, -0.671875, -1.296875, 0.76171875, 0.73828125, 0.72265625, -0.06005859375, 0.4375, -1.578125, 1.3515625, 0.79296875, 0.068359375, 0.2265625, -0.08642578125, 1.375, -0.72265625, 0.84375, 0.2197265625, 0.232421875, 1.3828125, -0.6171875, -0.345703125, 0.30859375, 0.1416015625, -0.7890625, 0.47265625, -0.82421875, -0.4921875, 0.80859375, -1.0078125, -1.046875, 0.9765625, -0.91796875, -0.8515625, 1.1015625, -1.2109375, 0.271484375, -0.78125, -0.5625, -1.21875, 0.002197265625, 0.0361328125, -0.8203125, -2, 1, -2.359375, -0.1806640625, 1.3046875, -0.53515625, -0.61328125, -1.1953125, -0.392578125, 0.39453125, -0.85546875, -0.6328125, 0.97265625, -1.984375, -1.2421875, -0.05322265625, 1.078125, -0.322265625, 0.6953125, 1.3359375, -0.11181640625, -0.1611328125, -0.78125, 0.54296875, -1.125, -0.01373291015625, 1.140625, 0.2373046875, 2.78125, -1.1171875, -0.6171875, -0.91015625, 1.125, -1.6796875, -0.142578125, -0.08642578125, 0.251953125, 0.388671875, -0.1357421875, 0.44921875, 0.79296875, 0.63671875, 1.7109375, -0.1279296875, -1.265625, -2.390625, 0.26953125, 0.2158203125, -0.07421875, 1.40625, -1.046875, -0.369140625, -2.046875, -0.07373046875, 0.75390625, 0.049560546875, -1.375, 0.78125, -0.1689453125, -2.078125, -0.2890625, -0.91015625, 1.0625, -0.6640625, 0.6328125, 0.55078125, 0.462890625, 0.53515625, 0.016845703125, 0.70703125, -0.6640625, -0.271484375, 0.91015625, 1.578125, -1.5625, 0.57421875, -1.1640625, -0.484375, 0.1689453125, 0.109375, 2.25, -0.9296875, -0.7734375, -0.52734375, 0.71484375, 0.1689453125, 0.9921875, 0.82421875, -0.2578125, -0.41015625, 0.337890625, -1.171875, 0.63671875, 1.890625, -0.1259765625, 0.142578125, -0.9609375, 1.84375, 1.3125, -0.4765625, 1.9765625, 0.80859375, 1.890625, 0.74609375, -1.5078125, -2.484375, -0.921875, 0.16015625, 1.25, -0.9453125, 0.25390625, -0.57421875, -0.78515625, 0.63671875, 0.13671875, -0.5859375, 0.3125, -0.130859375, -0.89453125, 0.052490234375, -0.75390625, -0.53515625, 2.390625, 0.9296875, 0.8125, -0.482421875, -0.0311279296875, 1.015625, 0.2275390625, -0.64453125, -0.99609375, -0.042236328125, 1.9296875, 1.125, 0.6953125, -1.9765625, 0.94140625, 0.51171875, 1.90625, -0.006256103515625, -1.234375, -0.376953125, -0.1484375, 0.640625, -1.1875, 0.953125, -0.48828125, 0.984375, 0.62109375, -0.416015625, 1.0625, -0.5625, 0.030517578125, 0.06396484375, -2.296875, -1.8125, 0.5703125, -0.1416015625, 0.220703125, -0.25, 0.8046875, -1.5625, -1.3125, 1.46875, 3.34375, -1.234375, -0.8984375, 0.9296875, 0.98828125, -0.4296875, 0.91796875, -1.1015625, 0.2275390625, 1.09375, -1.0546875, -2.28125, 1.140625, 0.76953125, -0.99609375, 1.1171875, -0.59375, 0.5234375, -0.423828125, -0.2734375, -0.796875, 0.224609375, 1.328125, 0.0146484375, -0.703125, 0.65625, 0.6640625, 0.1337890625, -1.9296875, -1.4453125, -0.1455078125, 0.232421875, -0.08642578125, 1.7890625, -0.1982421875, 1.1875, 1.4296875, 0.08349609375, 0.4375, -0.96875, -0.84375, -0.61328125, -0.2255859375, -0.51953125, 0.466796875, 0.349609375, -0.349609375, 0.109375, -0.43359375, -0.212890625, -2.25, 0.302734375, 1.4921875, 0.06689453125, 0.154296875, -0.64453125, -0.15234375, -0.81640625, 1.84375, 0.7734375, -0.361328125, -0.462890625, -0.78515625, 1.9453125, -0.15625, -1.5546875, -1.203125, -0.4140625, -0.63671875, -0.435546875, 0.486328125, 0.6796875, 0.5234375, 0.07421875, -0.1796875, 1.90625, -1.8203125, 0.83984375, 0.0172119140625, -0.359375, -0.318359375, 1.25, 0.5703125, -0.138671875, -0.0235595703125, 1.28125, 1.359375, 0.75, 0.7421875, -0.423828125, -0.06201171875, 1.28125, 0.330078125, -0.89453125, -0.2041015625, -0.8203125, 0.443359375, -0.2158203125, 1.4453125, -0.05810546875, -0.5, 0.6796875, 1.4296875, 1.5703125, -1.15625, 1.6328125, -0.734375, -0.8515625, -0.734375, -1.1875, -0.45703125, -0.326171875, 1.6796875, 0.169921875, -0.5625, 1.15625, -1.2421875, 0.69921875, 0.390625, -0.54296875, 1.21875, 0.54296875, -0.515625, -0.84375, 0.0220947265625, -1.203125, 1.203125, 1.4296875, -0.057373046875, 1.8515625, -0.21484375, 0.5390625, 0.09326171875, 0.59765625, 2, -0.765625, -0.341796875, 0.027587890625, 1.3515625, 0.435546875, 0.1748046875, -0.283203125, 0.259765625, 0.1767578125, 2.3125, -1.6328125, -0.62109375, 0.0030517578125, 0.6171875, 1.1796875, 0.5859375, -1.3515625, 0.6015625, 0.28125, 0.1953125, 0.412109375, -1.21875, -0.9453125, 0.828125, -0.6640625, 1.5390625, 0.8984375, -0.671875, -1.4453125, 0.169921875, -1.578125, 0.859375, -0.337890625, -0.26171875, 0.5, -0.2216796875, -2.0625, -0.27734375, 0.2041015625, -1.5078125, -1.9375, 0.89453125, -0.0830078125, 0.130859375, -0.439453125, 1.3671875, -0.57421875, 1.109375, 0.85546875, -0.59765625, 1.1171875, 0.419921875, 1.3515625, -1.0390625, 1.0390625, 0.185546875, 1.203125, -1.921875, -0.07958984375, -0.59375, 2, 0.67578125, -0.6796875, 1.2421875, 0.034423828125, -0.458984375, -0.9765625, -0.035888671875, 0.9375, 0.9921875, 0.8203125, 0.1357421875, -0.470703125, 1.3203125, 1.0078125, 0.09619140625, -1.140625, -0.2216796875, 0.38671875, -2.328125, -0.9609375, 0.04541015625, 0.09716796875, 0.7421875, 0.65625, -0.1376953125, 1.7734375, -1.921875, 0.6953125, -0.1376953125, -0.5, 0.57421875, -0.65625, 2.015625, 0.46484375, 0.2734375, 0.1064453125, 0.251953125, 0.12890625, -0.55859375, 0.232421875, -1.96875, 0.3046875, -1.8671875, 0.189453125, 0.46484375, 0.1796875, 1.6015625, 0.3046875, -1.6875, -1.1640625, -0.63671875, -0.2412109375, -2.484375, 0.255859375, 1.09375, -0.41015625, -1.1015625, 1.1171875, -0.796875, 0.0791015625, -1.0703125, -0.01904296875, 1.0625, -1.3984375, -1.9765625, 0.04296875, 0.93359375, 0.0250244140625, 0.40234375, 1.25, -0.259765625, -0.357421875, -0.0260009765625, -1.625, -1.2265625, -0.7109375, -0.03076171875, -2.015625, -0.126953125, -0.271484375, -1.2734375, -1.359375, -0.87890625, -0.44921875, 1.34375, -1.0390625, 0.01318359375, 0.349609375, -1.46875, 0.78515625, 1.6875, -0.64453125, 0.10693359375, 0.7578125, 0.91796875, 1.5859375, -1.0078125, 0.314453125, 1.9453125, 0.234375, -1.0703125, -1.3359375, -0.91015625, -0.59375, -1.546875, 0.75, 0.3671875, -0.51953125, -0.10400390625, -0.74609375, -0.380859375, 0.98046875, 0.49609375, 0.283203125, 1.7578125, -0.8359375, -0.84765625, 0.7109375, 0.85546875, 0.43359375, -1.359375, -2.71875, 0.5625, -1.5234375, -2.125, -1.484375, -0.56640625, 0.9921875, -0.458984375, -0.3359375, -0.341796875, -0.26171875, 0.51171875, 0.84375, 0.2353515625, 1.296875, 0.060302734375, -2.3125, -0.59375, -1.5625, 0.0498046875, -0.1904296875, 0.004058837890625, 1.7265625, -1.421875, -0.52734375, -0.54296875, 0.1455078125, -0.8125, 0.10205078125, -0.255859375, 0.640625, 0.62109375, 0.94921875, 0.37109375, 1.9140625, 3.234375, 0.5, -1.03125, -1.0625, -0.478515625, 0.19921875, -0.1494140625, 0.9296875, -0.72265625, -0.07177734375, 2.5, 0.455078125, -0.337890625, 0.412109375, 0.12109375, 0.2578125, 0.8359375, -0.00057220458984375, -0.439453125, -1.2734375, -0.0693359375, 0.97265625, -0.41015625, 0.419921875, 0.83984375, 0.494140625, -1.2578125, 0.86328125, -0.37109375, -0.9296875, -0.439453125, 0.828125, 0.1552734375, -0.283203125, -0.279296875, -0.5234375, 1.046875, 0.6171875, -1.625, -1.8359375, 1.8828125, -1.0703125, -1.078125, -0.56640625, -0.60546875, 0.373046875, 0.345703125, -1.9609375, 1, 0.2353515625, -0.236328125, -0.1552734375, -1.703125, -1.4296875, -0.361328125, 1.0234375, -0.6171875, -0.032470703125, -0.380859375, -0.66015625, -0.76171875, -1.203125, 1.5703125, -2.5, 0.0908203125, 0.7578125, -1.328125, -1.25, -1.21875, -0.1923828125, -0.3671875, -0.73828125, -1.2890625, 1.0390625, 0.486328125, 0.52734375, -0.09716796875, 1.7109375, 0.6875, 1.3828125, 0.671875, -0.62109375, 1.90625, -0.029541015625, 0.1435546875, 0.70703125, -2.484375, 0.90625, 0.55859375, 1.421875, -0.0014495849609375, 1.4765625, -1.8203125, -0.2451171875, 1.078125, 0.057861328125, -0.95703125, -0.69921875, 1.03125, -0.69140625, 0.92578125, 0.01153564453125, -1.328125, -0.451171875, 2.078125, 0.71484375, -0.6171875, -1.3515625, 0.380859375, -1.34375, 0.0810546875, 0.5390625, 0.90625, -0.5078125, 0.58203125, 0.1826171875, -0.201171875, -0.2421875, 2.484375, 0.9921875, -0.3359375, -0.458984375, 1.1484375, 0.447265625, 1.0625, 0.390625, -0.490234375, -0.1318359375, -2.3125, 0.232421875, 0.0625, -0.00958251953125, -0.83203125, -0.384765625, -1.0078125, 0.1015625, 0.3515625, 0.64453125, -0.1923828125, 0.99609375, -0.4140625, 2.125, -0.287109375, 1.03125, 1.0078125, -0.380859375, 0.65625, -0.58203125, 1.078125, -0.1435546875, -1.703125, -0.359375, -0.71875, 0.19921875, 0.0791015625, -0.7265625, 0.96875, 0.022705078125, -0.1376953125, -0.087890625, 2.265625 ]
https://openalex.org/W153395051
The Fate of Challenge Schistosomula in the Murine Anti-Schistosome Vaccine Model
Mice exposed to irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni develop a partial resistance to subsequent parasite challenge. In this study we utilized histopathologic methods to investigate the fate of both the immunizing and challenge cercariae in C57BL/6J mice. After immunization by percutaneous infection, a large number of the 50 Kr irradiated organisms could be detected in tissue sections of lung. However, as early as 2 weeks after immunization, the majority of these schistosomula apparently had died, leaving residual inflammatory foci. The numbers of these foci then gradually declined during the next 4 weeks of examination. Cercarial challenge of mice vaccinated 4 weeks previously provoked an intense eosinophil-enriched inflammatory response in percutaneously exposed ear pinnae. Despite these pronounced tissue reactions, no evidence of significant parasite damage or attrition was detected in this migration site. In contrast, schistosomula arriving in the lungs of vaccinated mice produced a greater number of residual inflammatory foci than did larvae appearing in the lungs of normal mice. In addition, challenge schistosomula were cleared from the lungs of vaccinated mice at a slower rate than they were from the lungs of control mice. These observations suggest that the lung is a major site of parasite attrition for both immunizing and challenge infections in the mouse irradiated vaccine model.
[ -0.478515625, 0.45703125, 1.4609375, -0.6015625, 0.1318359375, -1.0078125, -0.71484375, 0.21484375, -0.19921875, -0.2265625, -0.5859375, 0.390625, 2.09375, -0.4140625, 0.5859375, 0.6328125, 0.142578125, 0.349609375, -0.0673828125, -0.92578125, 0.330078125, -1.046875, -1.1875, 0.11328125, -1.2734375, 0.7734375, -0.609375, -0.921875, -0.337890625, 0.86328125, 1.3828125, 1.46875, -1.90625, -1.4453125, -0.48828125, -0.345703125, -0.10693359375, -0.65625, -0.23828125, 0.1796875, 0.98046875, -1.984375, -0.1171875, -0.5859375, -0.68359375, -0.6875, -1.8671875, -1.3046875, -1.671875, -0.68359375, -0.39453125, -1.28125, 0.93359375, -0.1240234375, -0.455078125, 1.03125, -1.1796875, -0.265625, 0.2080078125, -1.375, -1.46875, -1.296875, 1.296875, 0.73046875, 0.60546875, -0.828125, 0.12255859375, -0.0888671875, 0.1767578125, -0.12158203125, 0.35546875, 0.451171875, -0.3671875, -0.5546875, -0.37890625, 0.65625, -0.8125, -0.220703125, -0.201171875, 1.265625, -1.6640625, -0.69140625, 0.828125, 0.58984375, 0.1083984375, 1.203125, 0.322265625, 1.015625, 1.3046875, 0.92578125, 0.376953125, 2.296875, -0.21875, 0.87890625, -0.2392578125, -0.66796875, -0.031982421875, 1.40625, -2.15625, 1.328125, 0.625, 0.8671875, -0.66796875, -0.30859375, -0.095703125, 1.109375, -0.375, 0.1318359375, -0.9140625, 0.07373046875, 0.91015625, 0.298828125, 0.2734375, 0.36328125, 0.99609375, 0.7421875, 0.5390625, 0.62109375, -0.0322265625, -0.3359375, 0.388671875, -0.66796875, -0.055419921875, -0.0390625, 0.98046875, 1.1796875, -1.109375, 1.0625, 0.87890625, -0.67578125, -0.09912109375, -0.12255859375, -0.0703125, 1.5625, -1.1640625, -0.216796875, -0.57421875, 1.5546875, 1.203125, -0.91015625, 0.6640625, 0.76171875, 0.3828125, -0.46875, -0.625, 0.28125, 0.345703125, 0.94140625, -0.365234375, 0.51171875, 0.50390625, -1.4921875, 0.828125, 1.5859375, 0.578125, -0.5, -1.4921875, 1.7578125, -0.337890625, -0.1728515625, -1, -0.89453125, 0.31640625, -0.734375, -0.33203125, -0.8359375, -0.734375, -0.0361328125, 0.2294921875, -0.08154296875, -0.9921875, 0.1474609375, -0.3203125, -0.134765625, 0.0869140625, -0.55859375, 0.04345703125, -0.400390625, 0.390625, 0.484375, 0.31640625, 0.78125, -0.35546875, 0.0693359375, 0.6328125, 1.3828125, -1.0390625, -0.6484375, 0.85546875, 0.640625, 0.018310546875, -1.4375, -1.375, 0.84375, -0.51171875, -0.212890625, 1.828125, 0.81640625, 0.4375, -2.375, -0.49609375, 0.2275390625, 0.08203125, 0.41796875, 0.64453125, 1.03125, -0.00775146484375, -0.8203125, 0.6015625, 0.56640625, -1.34375, -1.3046875, 0.053466796875, 0.054443359375, 0.52734375, -1.6015625, 1.140625, 0.4765625, -0.54296875, -0.7734375, 0.80859375, 0.036376953125, 1.046875, -0.28125, 0.46484375, -1.015625, 1.53125, 0.84765625, -1.1328125, 0.3203125, 0.150390625, 0.65625, 0.40625, -0.380859375, -0.232421875, -0.314453125, -0.69140625, -0.006195068359375, 0.51171875, -0.43359375, 0.49609375, -0.166015625, -1.0390625, 1.3828125, -0.279296875, -0.98046875, -0.51953125, 0.52734375, 0.31640625, 1.125, 1.5234375, -0.69921875, -0.8203125, -1.25, -0.333984375, 0.458984375, 1.140625, 0.58203125, 1.0859375, -0.890625, -0.87109375, -0.06298828125, -0.4375, 0.4453125, -1.109375, -0.71875, -0.09814453125, -0.025634765625, -0.353515625, -0.0093994140625, -1.140625, -0.81640625, -0.466796875, -0.5703125, 0.96875, -0.0184326171875, -0.283203125, 0.310546875, -0.96484375, -0.439453125, 0.37890625, -0.333984375, -1.1328125, 0.337890625, 0.61328125, -1.25, 0.8359375, 1.0859375, 0.57421875, -0.1259765625, -0.431640625, -1.0625, -0.796875, 0.6640625, 0.478515625, -1.3203125, -0.123046875, 0.77734375, 0.043212890625, 1.2890625, 1.3671875, 0.96484375, -1.1015625, -0.8125, 1.3125, -0.61328125, 0.80859375, 0.158203125, -0.8125, 0.98046875, -0.369140625, -0.087890625, -1.34375, 1.0625, 0.546875, -0.1279296875, 0.765625, -0.50390625, 0.8515625, -0.35546875, 0.90625, -0.921875, 0.73046875, -0.5390625, -0.625, -0.8359375, -0.9609375, 0.21484375, -1.2578125, -0.09814453125, 0.275390625, 0.2236328125, 0.98828125, -0.25390625, -0.267578125, 0.298828125, -0.375, -0.44140625, 0.15234375, -0.17578125, 0.5078125, 0.1494140625, -0.451171875, -1.9765625, 1.703125, 0.1572265625, 0.18359375, -1.109375, 0.30078125, -1.0859375, 1.0625, 0.71875, 1.2578125, -0.51171875, -0.87109375, 0.6953125, 1.2421875, -0.4375, -0.306640625, 0.203125, -0.412109375, -1, -0.859375, 0.81640625, -0.11962890625, 0.447265625, 0.7734375, -0.49609375, 0.4765625, -0.625, 0.84375, -1.75, -1.296875, 0.50390625, 0.703125, 0.384765625, -1.0390625, 0.0771484375, -1.09375, 0.4765625, -0.78515625, 0.6796875, -0.69140625, 0.1875, 1.0859375, 0.5859375, -0.1640625, -0.703125, 1.2578125, 0.49609375, 0.55078125, -0.71875, -1.9375, -0.4296875, -0.953125, 1.21875, 1.546875, -0.625, -1.4140625, -0.69140625, -0.765625, 0.7578125, 1.5703125, 0.060302734375, 0.32421875, -1.109375, -0.201171875, -0.75, -0.08203125, 0.2177734375, -1.6015625, 0.416015625, -0.1376953125, -0.10400390625, -0.005859375, 0.056640625, 0.06591796875, 0.330078125, -0.7265625, -1.4453125, 1.0234375, -0.88671875, 0.83203125, 0.248046875, -0.046875, 0.69921875, -1.484375, 1.3984375, -0.8671875, 0.439453125, 0.0654296875, 0.07373046875, -0.60546875, 0.058837890625, 0.328125, -0.83984375, 0.75390625, 0.259765625, -1.109375, -0.10693359375, -1.0703125, -0.2236328125, -0.75390625, 0.19140625, 1.25, 0.330078125, -0.322265625, 0.65234375, 0.81640625, 0.150390625, -0.330078125, -0.369140625, -2.015625, -1.890625, -0.6640625, -0.265625, -0.88671875, -0.48828125, 0.53125, -1.0703125, 0.734375, -0.82421875, -0.439453125, 0.044677734375, 0.56640625, -0.036865234375, 0.39453125, -0.1337890625, -0.443359375, 1.5625, 1.328125, 1.0625, -0.390625, 0.10986328125, -0.55859375, 0.1884765625, 0.515625, -0.72265625, 1.09375, 0.150390625, 1.6015625, 1.2734375, -0.07861328125, 0.11279296875, -0.30859375, 0.25390625, -0.0439453125, -0.375, -0.25, -0.053466796875, 0.19140625, 0.37890625, 0.2333984375, 0.56640625, -0.29296875, 0.185546875, -0.6796875, 1.2578125, -0.384765625, -0.6171875, -0.51171875, -1.8515625, -1.90625, 0.28125, -0.63671875, 0.2734375, 0.054931640625, 0.03173828125, -1.828125, 0.055908203125, 0.000835418701171875, 2.03125, -1.1796875, -0.8828125, 0.56640625, -0.5234375, 0.1416015625, -0.7265625, 0.8828125, -0.6015625, 0.28515625, -0.8359375, -1.28125, -0.78125, 0.94140625, -0.3984375, -0.1142578125, 0.040283203125, 0.2060546875, -0.890625, -0.39453125, -0.412109375, 0.380859375, 2, -0.1962890625, -0.59375, 0.298828125, 0.66796875, -0.69140625, -1.7578125, -0.421875, -0.87890625, -1.28125, 0.2392578125, 1.4453125, 0.7734375, -0.73046875, 2.21875, -0.37109375, -0.0234375, -1.015625, 0.2353515625, -0.890625, -1.3671875, -0.99609375, -0.1943359375, -0.61328125, 0.470703125, 0.345703125, -0.828125, -0.49609375, -0.28515625, 0.87890625, 0.4453125, 0.8671875, -0.042236328125, 0.1591796875, -0.439453125, 0.6171875, -0.0081787109375, -0.271484375, -1.046875, 0.9765625, 1.4375, 0.828125, -0.6171875, -1.4296875, -1.7890625, 0.58203125, -1.2890625, -0.12060546875, 0.197265625, -0.640625, -0.2138671875, -0.59375, 0.796875, 1.2734375, -0.1611328125, 0.333984375, -0.431640625, -0.2275390625, -0.1630859375, 0.193359375, 0.072265625, -1.140625, 1.109375, 0.7265625, 0.62109375, -0.220703125, -0.435546875, -0.326171875, -0.0947265625, -0.474609375, -0.609375, -0.115234375, 0.486328125, 0.5390625, -0.5078125, -0.283203125, 0.76171875, 0.578125, 0.333984375, -0.28125, 1.171875, -0.1337890625, 0.00982666015625, 0.220703125, 0.4921875, 0.3671875, -0.703125, -1.296875, -0.0634765625, -0.9375, 1.1015625, -0.1689453125, -1.03125, 0.1865234375, 0.2275390625, 1.765625, 0.95703125, -1.78125, -0.291015625, -0.8125, -1.5546875, -0.44140625, -1.015625, -0.80078125, 0.0198974609375, 1.734375, 0.65234375, 0.86328125, -1.015625, 0.3046875, -0.62890625, 0.2265625, 0.59765625, -1.3515625, -0.5, -1.5625, 1.5, -0.490234375, 0.06494140625, -0.51171875, 0.1845703125, -0.32421875, 1.46875, -1.3046875, -0.40234375, -0.73046875, -0.66796875, 1.2734375, 0.043701171875, -0.91796875, -0.006439208984375, 0.92578125, -0.00982666015625, 1.0078125, 0.2421875, -0.78125, -0.28515625, -1.0234375, 0.30859375, 0.79296875, 0.81640625, -0.39453125, 1.1953125, 0.66015625, 2.375, 0.248046875, 1.3984375, -1.1328125, 0.265625, -0.58203125, -0.255859375, 0.16796875, -0.7109375, -0.458984375, 0.271484375, -0.57421875, -0.232421875, 0.6484375, 0.30078125, 0.01361083984375, 1.171875, 1.640625, -0.75390625, 1.15625, 1.1171875, 0.5, -1.0390625, 0.384765625, 0.68359375, -1.0390625, 0.51171875, 0.1767578125, -1.1015625, 0.1767578125, 1.234375, -0.044677734375, 0.34375, -0.2470703125, -0.020263671875, -0.45703125, 1.171875, -0.2138671875, 0.96875, 1.265625, 0.373046875, 1.046875, -0.74609375, -0.244140625, -0.1455078125, 1.1640625, -0.72265625, -0.462890625, -0.54296875, 0.0830078125, 0.2119140625, -0.88671875, 0.55078125, 0.77734375, -0.30078125, 1.8359375, -0.470703125, -0.0009765625, -0.609375, -0.88671875, 0.1806640625, 0.0263671875, 1.0234375, -0.359375, 1.4140625, 1.2734375, -0.11962890625, -0.39453125, 0.01611328125, -0.2890625, -2.265625, -0.6796875, -0.353515625, -0.16796875, 0.46875, -0.57421875, 2.09375, 0.458984375, -0.9140625, -1.546875, -0.103515625, -0.1962890625, -0.8046875, 0.44140625, -0.54296875, 0.58984375, -1.75, 0.37890625, 0.375, -0.419921875, -1.7890625, -0.2578125, -0.34765625, -1.5390625, -1.4375, 0.443359375, 0.298828125, -1.34375, 0.47265625, 1.0703125, -1.4453125, -0.0306396484375, -0.40625, -0.5390625, 0.2060546875, -0.00872802734375, -0.408203125, -1.78125, -0.671875, 0.66796875, -0.26953125, -0.85546875, -1.0546875, -0.4921875, 1.2890625, -0.296875, -0.024658203125, -0.3984375, -0.265625, -0.181640625, -0.291015625, 0.050048828125, -0.0235595703125, 0.4140625, 0.90234375, 0.38671875, 1.375, 0.15625, 1.2578125, -0.71484375, 0.546875, -1.2109375, 0.365234375, 2.03125, -1.015625, 0.859375, 0.0986328125, -1.0625, 0.04541015625, -0.408203125, 0.55078125, -0.033447265625, 0.98828125, -0.77734375, 0.07958984375, -0.00836181640625, 0.076171875, 0.97265625, -1.015625, -1.1015625, -1.421875, -1.9296875, 1.0703125, -0.92578125, -0.55859375, -1.046875, 0.1123046875, -0.435546875, -0.412109375, 0.29296875, 0.0255126953125, 0.412109375, 0.6015625, -0.9609375, 0.64453125, 1.4375, 0.55078125, -0.5390625, -0.734375, 0.5703125, -0.029296875, 0.283203125, -0.126953125, 0.1669921875, -0.345703125, 0.52734375, 0.373046875, 0.07568359375, -0.55078125, -0.58203125, 0.287109375, 0.044189453125, 0.62890625, 1.1328125, -0.02294921875, 1.625, 1.5546875, 0.1298828125, -0.462890625, -0.21484375, 0.08203125, 0.00390625, 1.7421875, -0.43359375, 1.09375, 0.234375, 0.390625, -0.19921875, -0.45703125, 0.859375, -0.73046875, -0.765625, 2.421875, -0.287109375, -0.1328125, -1.5, 0.5625, 1.2421875, -1.25, -0.388671875, 0.0169677734375, 0.7890625, -0.98828125, 0.90234375, 0.11962890625, -1.234375, 1.234375, -0.89453125, 1.09375, 0.091796875, 1.1875, 0.353515625, 0.0216064453125, -0.8828125, -0.5078125, 0.072265625, 1.7734375, -0.494140625, -0.1728515625, -0.8203125, 0.84765625, 0.296875, 0.451171875, -0.1728515625, 0.400390625, -0.09130859375, 0.83203125, 0.7109375, -0.1416015625, 0.7109375, 0.1787109375, 0.76171875, -0.0947265625, 0.8515625, 0.1337890625, -1.1484375, 0.96875, -0.326171875, 1.6171875, -1.90625, 0.1669921875, 0.353515625, -0.75390625, 0.2294921875, -0.828125, -0.5546875, -0.1796875, -0.6953125, -0.466796875, 0.90234375, 0.345703125, 0.75390625, 0.55078125, 0.10400390625, -0.02587890625, 1.1328125, 0.45703125, -0.515625, 0.9140625, -0.875, 0.302734375, 0.07421875, -1.328125, 0.310546875, 0.04052734375, 0.0751953125, -0.404296875, 1.203125, -0.23046875, 0.037109375, 0.26171875, -0.1171875, -0.2265625, 0.2255859375, -0.7734375, -1.125, 0.34375, 0.8671875, -1.3671875, -0.10009765625, 1.4921875, 0.8515625, 0.796875, -0.3671875, -1.5078125, 0.400390625, -0.3984375, -0.09228515625, 0.248046875, -0.2236328125, 1.1875, -0.423828125, -0.0047607421875, -0.490234375, 0.2421875, 0.6328125, -0.16796875, -0.4453125, -0.1630859375, 0.6171875, 0.20703125, 0.74609375, -0.84375, 0.486328125, -1.2265625, 1.296875, 1.3828125, -0.5390625, -1.6484375, 0.79296875, 0.28515625, 0.01904296875, 0.8046875, -0.2490234375, -0.283203125, 1.1484375, 0.7734375, 2.046875, -0.640625, 0.419921875, -1.21875, -0.302734375, 0.27734375, -1.2734375, -0.828125, 0.52734375, -1.0859375, 0.51953125, -0.416015625, -0.359375, 0.10888671875, 1.0546875, 0.0234375, 0.330078125, -0.85546875, -0.91015625, 1.703125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1533981482
Bosentan Treatment Is Associated With Improvement of Right Ventricular Function and Remodeling in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Abstract Background Medical pretreatment before pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) can optimize right ventricular (RV) function and may improve postoperative outcome in high‐risk patients. Using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), we determined whether the dual endothelin‐1 antagonist bosentan improves RV function and remodeling in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) who waited for PEA. Hypothesis We hypothesized that medical therapy prior to PEA will be associated with improvements in RV remodeling and function. Methods In this pilot study, 15 operable CTEPH patients were randomly assigned to either bosentan (n = 8) or no bosentan (n = 7, control) for 16 weeks, next to “best standard of care.” Both before and after treatment, RV stroke volume index (RVSVI), RV ejection fraction (RVEF), RV mass, RV isovolumic relaxation time (rIVRT), leftward ventricular septal bowing (LVSB), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were determined using cMRI. Results After 16 weeks, the change (Δ) from baseline (median [range]) in the studied cMRI parameters differed significantly between the bosentan group and the controls: Δ RVSVI: 6 [−4–11] vs 1 [−6–3] mL/m −2 ; Δ RVEF: 8 [−10–15] vs −4 [−7–5]%; Δ RV mass: −3 [−6–−2] vs 2 [−1–3] g/m −2 ; Δ rIVRT: −30 [−130–20] vs 10 [−30–30] msec; Δ LVSB: 0.03 [−0.03–0.13] vs −0.03[−0.08–0.04] cm −1 ; and Δ LVEF: 8 [−5–17] vs −2 [−14–2]% (all P &lt; 0.05). The change from baseline in mean pulmonary artery pressure (−11 [−17–11] vs 5 [−6–21] mm Hg, P &lt; 0.05) and 6‐minute walk distance (20 [3–88] vs −4 [−40–40] m, P &lt; 0.05) also differed significantly. Conclusions In CTEPH, compared with control, treatment with bosentan for 16 weeks was associated with a significant improvement in cMRI parameters of RV function and remodelling.
[ -0.333984375, 0.52734375, 1.7890625, -1.296875, -0.283203125, -0.71875, 1.0078125, 1.3828125, -0.1669921875, 0.734375, -1.4140625, 1.296875, 0.3046875, -0.244140625, 0.8125, 0.044677734375, -1.2421875, -1.1953125, -0.328125, -0.83203125, 0.11376953125, 0.1494140625, -0.236328125, -0.41796875, -0.5546875, 0.68359375, -0.283203125, -1.3828125, -0.259765625, 0.40234375, 0.72265625, 0.98046875, -1.09375, 0.7734375, -0.1435546875, -0.6796875, 0.2734375, 1.015625, 0.10107421875, 1.0625, 1.3984375, -1, 0.06787109375, 0.96875, -1.15625, 0.53125, 0.62109375, -0.7265625, -0.451171875, -0.083984375, -0.07666015625, -0.9375, 1.0859375, -1.6640625, -0.404296875, 0.2294921875, -1.9375, -1.59375, 0.62890625, 0.2294921875, -0.255859375, -0.5078125, 1.5625, 0.451171875, -0.0281982421875, -0.71875, -0.37890625, 1.5078125, 0.65625, -0.8359375, 0.01611328125, 0.419921875, -1.03125, 0.1591796875, 0.859375, 0.48828125, 0.0654296875, 1.453125, 0.62109375, 0.76171875, 0.55078125, -0.60546875, 0.546875, 0.671875, 0.197265625, 0.51171875, 0.8359375, 1.984375, 0.76171875, 0.44921875, -0.345703125, -0.1875, -0.33203125, -0.35546875, -0.330078125, -1.109375, -0.5703125, -0.337890625, -1.3984375, 0.546875, -0.032470703125, -0.82421875, -0.96875, -0.3828125, 0.435546875, -0.31640625, -1.0234375, 0.4921875, -1.6171875, -0.58203125, 0.70703125, 0.80859375, -0.369140625, 0.4140625, -0.1728515625, 0.357421875, 0.0296630859375, 0.31640625, -0.42578125, -0.24609375, 0.498046875, -1.3125, -0.271484375, 0.255859375, 1.15625, -0.4375, -0.59765625, 0.73828125, -0.1474609375, -0.1552734375, -1.1953125, 0.62890625, -0.72265625, 1.140625, 0.3515625, -0.1865234375, -0.474609375, 0.484375, 0.5703125, -0.40625, 0.35546875, 0.296875, 0.43359375, -0.265625, -0.31640625, -0.3359375, 0.87890625, -0.01104736328125, -0.435546875, 1.3359375, 0.1064453125, -0.81640625, -0.63671875, 0.486328125, -0.4765625, -0.1845703125, -0.109375, 2.140625, -0.341796875, 0.244140625, 1, -0.05029296875, 0.97265625, -1.0390625, 0.0028228759765625, 0.44140625, -0.53125, 0.494140625, 0.6796875, 0.625, -0.765625, -0.67578125, 0.341796875, -0.25, 1.03125, -0.022216796875, -0.020263671875, -0.53515625, 0.359375, 0.1376953125, -0.8125, 0.80859375, -0.7109375, -0.400390625, 0.498046875, 0.4921875, -0.2216796875, 0.59765625, -1.1796875, 0.5390625, 1.8671875, -1.984375, -2.09375, 1.7109375, -0.2265625, -1.3671875, 0.205078125, 0.71875, -0.1982421875, -0.216796875, -1.65625, 0.8203125, 0.36328125, 0.4296875, 1.5078125, 0.56640625, -0.396484375, 0.12890625, 1.25, -0.2041015625, -1.5390625, -1.0390625, 0.353515625, 0.1640625, 0.72265625, -0.2490234375, -0.59375, 0.91796875, 0.1875, -0.337890625, 0.55078125, 0.408203125, 0.337890625, -1.3828125, 0.047119140625, -1.8984375, 0.26953125, 0.287109375, 0.578125, 0.2490234375, -0.1923828125, -0.255859375, 0.2451171875, 1.171875, -1.4453125, -0.76171875, -0.0272216796875, -0.61328125, 0.8125, 1.28125, -0.67578125, 0.036865234375, 0.515625, 0.5703125, -0.0634765625, 1.0859375, 0.84765625, 0.0159912109375, -0.48046875, -0.875, 0.87109375, 0.4765625, -0.10205078125, -0.3125, -0.10400390625, -0.0194091796875, 0.283203125, 0.06396484375, 1.375, -0.365234375, -1.2578125, -0.1513671875, -0.080078125, 1.5234375, -0.33203125, -1.4375, 0.1865234375, 0.185546875, -1.0078125, -0.123046875, 0.1787109375, -0.2890625, 0.326171875, 0.11328125, -0.16015625, -0.58984375, -0.08935546875, 0.2353515625, 0.1416015625, 0.3984375, -0.625, -0.3671875, -0.02294921875, -0.63671875, 0.482421875, 0.302734375, 0.3046875, 0.71875, -1.015625, -0.1953125, -0.5078125, -0.97265625, 0.00531005859375, 0.9453125, -0.60546875, 0.000591278076171875, 0.7265625, 0.73046875, 0.294921875, 0.2021484375, -0.15234375, 0.6953125, -0.84375, -0.6171875, 2, 0.62890625, -0.1669921875, -0.055419921875, -0.2392578125, 1.6796875, -0.322265625, -0.67578125, 0.0159912109375, 1.5, 0.8515625, 0.1923828125, -0.1552734375, -1.2578125, 0.265625, 0.98828125, -0.251953125, 0.10986328125, 0.8359375, 1.0234375, -1.15625, -0.87890625, -0.490234375, -0.49609375, 0.06494140625, -0.1767578125, -0.08251953125, 0.0283203125, 1.734375, -2.078125, -0.306640625, -0.279296875, -1.3046875, -0.59765625, 1.6015625, 1.0234375, 1.625, -1.0859375, -0.625, -0.57421875, -0.158203125, 0.71484375, 0.1337890625, -0.357421875, 0.7265625, -1.1953125, -0.55859375, 0.380859375, 1.3359375, 0.09375, -0.8125, 0.86328125, 0.81640625, -0.765625, 0.294921875, -0.002197265625, -0.35546875, -0.85546875, -0.63671875, 0.93359375, 0.007598876953125, 0.1064453125, 0.40234375, -0.38671875, 0.8515625, -0.859375, 1.421875, -0.0028228759765625, -0.474609375, 0.255859375, 0.373046875, 0.4765625, 0.03466796875, -0.5078125, 0.037353515625, 1.28125, -0.494140625, 0.40234375, -0.34765625, -0.431640625, 0.796875, 0.7890625, 0.66015625, -1.4921875, 1.0546875, 0.84375, 0.765625, 0.322265625, -2.5, 0.79296875, 0.7265625, 0.77734375, 1.125, 1.171875, -0.81640625, -1.3828125, 1.0546875, -0.056396484375, 0.53125, 0.3671875, -1.1171875, 0.7265625, -1.046875, 0.279296875, -0.2890625, 0.66015625, -0.023193359375, -0.2060546875, -0.82421875, 0.71875, 1.3046875, 0.439453125, 0.5859375, 0.392578125, -0.62109375, -0.57421875, 0.19140625, -0.78125, 0.96484375, -0.1826171875, 0.57421875, 1.1015625, 0.51953125, 1.25, -0.78515625, 0.66796875, 0.25390625, 0.1064453125, 0.423828125, -0.022216796875, -0.515625, -0.78125, 1.59375, -0.392578125, -1.015625, 1.1875, 0.8671875, 0.46875, 0.46484375, 0.10986328125, 1.1953125, 1.2109375, -0.2333984375, 0.236328125, 0.3984375, -0.11328125, 0.3515625, -0.8671875, -0.9609375, -0.671875, -0.72265625, -0.404296875, -0.357421875, -1.171875, -0.15234375, -0.95703125, -1, -0.28125, -0.0771484375, -0.20703125, 1.6328125, 0.12451171875, 0.2578125, -1.2421875, 0.0986328125, 1.125, -0.59765625, 0.640625, -0.37890625, -0.30859375, 0.1904296875, 1.2578125, 0.1982421875, -0.058837890625, 1.25, 0.828125, 1.1953125, -1.0703125, 0.251953125, 0.2578125, 0.27734375, 0.671875, -0.5859375, 0.45703125, 0.271484375, -1.1015625, 0.2080078125, 0.265625, 1.3203125, 0.76953125, 1.7734375, -0.51171875, 0.06298828125, 0.232421875, 0.291015625, 0.79296875, 0.4296875, -1.0390625, -0.765625, -0.03857421875, 0.76171875, 0.150390625, -0.73046875, -0.4375, -2.171875, 1.6171875, 0.87890625, 1.625, -0.392578125, -1.4453125, -1.0625, -0.5546875, 0.8828125, -0.11083984375, -0.57421875, -2.125, 0.40625, -0.036865234375, -0.92578125, 0.0380859375, 0.59765625, 0.46484375, 1.3671875, -1.5, -0.2021484375, -0.443359375, -0.1943359375, 0.423828125, -0.2099609375, 1.8203125, -0.353515625, -0.98828125, -0.21875, -0.1630859375, 0.16796875, 0.1748046875, -0.26953125, 0.330078125, -0.419921875, 0.5390625, 1.6171875, -0.64453125, 0.373046875, 0.87109375, 0.94140625, 0.55078125, -0.1494140625, 1.4921875, -0.6015625, -0.38671875, -1.078125, -0.41015625, -0.4375, -0.84375, -0.007171630859375, -0.50390625, -0.036865234375, -0.9453125, 0.51953125, 1.4375, 0.2119140625, -0.6171875, -0.95703125, -1.390625, 0.58203125, 0.326171875, 0.0181884765625, -0.66015625, -0.64453125, 0.00811767578125, 0.8125, 0.443359375, -0.8359375, -0.0712890625, 0.69921875, -0.271484375, -0.271484375, -0.73828125, -0.427734375, -0.061279296875, -0.4453125, 0.2490234375, 0.796875, 0.43359375, 0.3984375, -0.38671875, -0.5546875, -0.291015625, 0.6875, -0.68359375, 0.345703125, -0.00007486343383789062, 0.15234375, 0.291015625, 0.333984375, -0.2041015625, 0.4140625, 1.4453125, 0.609375, -0.9453125, -0.416015625, -0.2431640625, -1.375, 0.0240478515625, 0.11865234375, -0.55859375, -0.291015625, -0.466796875, -0.8359375, -0.166015625, 0.94140625, 0.5078125, -0.353515625, 0.80078125, 0.70703125, 0.98828125, 0.875, -0.361328125, -0.76953125, 0.8984375, 0.44921875, -1.1015625, 0.5390625, -0.84375, 0.46875, 0.953125, -0.7890625, -0.146484375, -1.6171875, -0.55859375, -0.85546875, 0.283203125, -0.373046875, 0.059814453125, 0.94921875, 0.35546875, 0.70703125, 1.6171875, 0.09912109375, -0.74609375, 0.5859375, 0.3203125, -0.796875, -0.8515625, -0.75, 1.59375, -1.2890625, 0.58984375, -0.77734375, -0.34375, 0.1201171875, 0.97265625, -0.828125, -1.015625, -0.59765625, -1.0234375, 0.337890625, 0.62109375, -0.1064453125, -1.015625, 1.015625, 0.9140625, -1.1875, -0.3828125, -0.515625, 0.3828125, -0.09814453125, -0.69921875, 0.1025390625, 0.59375, -0.7734375, 0.83203125, -0.369140625, 0.953125, 0.427734375, 1.1796875, 0.0283203125, -0.18359375, -1.578125, 1.0625, 0.86328125, -0.0030364990234375, -0.63671875, 0.51953125, -0.341796875, -0.1884765625, -1.1875, -0.0208740234375, 0.86328125, 0.06591796875, 2.078125, -0.7265625, -0.443359375, 0.53515625, 0.208984375, -1.375, 0.2451171875, -0.150390625, -0.423828125, 0.85546875, 0.0220947265625, -0.70703125, 0.59765625, 0.8671875, -1.0859375, -0.330078125, -1.3515625, 0.1328125, -1.2109375, 0.84765625, 0.82421875, 0.80078125, 0.5703125, 0.11767578125, -0.515625, 0.498046875, 0.66796875, 0.984375, 0.4921875, -1.0625, 0.59375, -1.2265625, 0.80078125, -0.054931640625, -1.0546875, 0.51171875, -0.8515625, -0.98828125, 0.73828125, -1.609375, -1.4609375, -0.045166015625, -0.384765625, -0.2021484375, 0.61328125, 1.359375, -0.203125, 0.6640625, -0.3359375, 0.48828125, 0.81640625, 0.69140625, -0.0771484375, -0.984375, 0.57421875, -0.267578125, 1.15625, 0.51953125, -1.203125, 0.6953125, -0.54296875, -0.1103515625, -1.2578125, -0.0272216796875, 0.30859375, -1.1171875, 0.83203125, -0.125, 0.76953125, -1.078125, 0.69140625, 0.287109375, 0.59375, 0.142578125, 0.259765625, -0.494140625, 0.69921875, -1.671875, -0.57421875, 1, -0.005401611328125, -0.1640625, 0.16015625, -0.52734375, 1.1484375, -0.85546875, -0.5625, -0.17578125, -1.25, 0.2255859375, -1.0390625, -0.2412109375, -0.060302734375, -1.1328125, -0.2275390625, -0.53125, -0.62109375, 0.09912109375, -0.609375, -0.01055908203125, -1.5078125, 0.030029296875, -0.9453125, -0.240234375, -0.07373046875, -0.67578125, 0.77734375, -0.79296875, 0.043701171875, 0.287109375, -0.70703125, -0.5234375, -1.1640625, 1.15625, -0.458984375, 0.66015625, 1.21875, -0.017578125, 0.40625, 0.7578125, -0.4296875, 0.2412109375, 1.5625, 0.1416015625, 0.67578125, 0.451171875, 0.022705078125, 0.5390625, 0.1259765625, -0.322265625, 0.0751953125, 0.10107421875, 0.421875, -0.388671875, -1.6953125, 0.11572265625, -2.375, -0.640625, -0.6015625, 0.5, 0.9453125, 0.19921875, 1.3828125, 0.34765625, 0.11474609375, 0.447265625, -0.21875, 1.03125, 1.265625, 0.59765625, -0.2294921875, -1.2890625, -0.0478515625, 0.255859375, -1.2265625, -1.875, 0.9609375, -0.6796875, -1.109375, 0.83203125, -0.69140625, 0.9609375, 1.125, 0.04345703125, 0.70703125, -0.55859375, 1.21875, -0.361328125, 1.765625, 1.7109375, 0.166015625, 0.71484375, 0.27734375, -0.09423828125, 0.6328125, 0.86328125, -0.0947265625, 0.1572265625, 0.9375, 0.9375, 0.98828125, -0.6953125, -1.078125, -0.7890625, -1.3515625, 2.078125, -0.734375, -0.33984375, -1.953125, -0.08251953125, 0.33984375, -1.140625, -0.625, -1.2578125, 0.2236328125, -0.203125, 0.5390625, -0.8125, -1.1875, 0.0269775390625, 0.7734375, 0.9609375, 0.1640625, -0.126953125, -0.2890625, -0.279296875, -0.70703125, -0.69921875, -0.3671875, 0.59765625, -0.5546875, 0.228515625, -0.703125, -0.66796875, -0.0615234375, 0.012451171875, -0.490234375, -0.80859375, 0.0390625, 1.0703125, 0.400390625, -1.8515625, -0.40625, -0.734375, 0.5625, 0.42578125, -0.193359375, 0.2578125, -0.6328125, -0.1494140625, -0.78515625, 1, -1.2109375, -0.283203125, -0.306640625, -0.796875, 0.283203125, -0.466796875, -0.279296875, 0.310546875, -1.2734375, -2.015625, 0.6171875, -0.482421875, 1.390625, -0.9453125, 0.047607421875, -0.3125, -0.365234375, 0.419921875, -0.93359375, 1.2265625, 0.63671875, 0.060791015625, -0.474609375, -0.5859375, -0.275390625, -0.251953125, 0.63671875, -0.03564453125, 0.99609375, 0.49609375, 0.216796875, 0.005615234375, 0.482421875, 0.00970458984375, -0.68359375, -0.74609375, -1.140625, 1.4921875, 0.042724609375, -0.90625, -1.359375, 1.1328125, 1.5, 0.302734375, -1.0234375, -0.423828125, -1.1328125, 1.2734375, 0.05419921875, 0.00176239013671875, -1.65625, -0.302734375, -0.201171875, 0.201171875, 0.875, 0.859375, 0.20703125, 0.380859375, -0.9140625, 0.267578125, 0.27734375, -0.291015625, 1.3203125, -0.462890625, 0.8515625, 0.9921875, -1.1796875, 0.142578125, 0.64453125, -0.609375, -0.51171875, 0.05908203125, 0.1337890625, 0.33984375, -0.1435546875, 0.1748046875, 0.6875, 0.95703125, 1.5, 0.2734375, -0.232421875, 0.359375, 1.0234375, -0.26953125, -1.21875, 0.376953125, -0.1044921875, -1.15625, 0.400390625, -0.470703125, 0.46484375, -0.21875, 1.1953125, -0.08154296875, -0.96484375, -1.484375, -0.00885009765625, 2.40625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534049014
Classification and differentiation of the genus <i>Peganum</i> indigenous to China based on chloroplast <i>trnL‐F</i> and <i>psbA‐trnH</i> sequences and seed coat morphology
Abstract The genus Peganum (Zygophyllaceae) consists of six species and one subspecies; three of which are distributed in China, P. harmala Linn, P. nigellastrum Bunge and P. multisectum (Maxim.) Bobr. A probable new or intermediate species, Peganum sp., has been suggested in the wild in northwest China. Traditional classification in genus Peganum has focused on hairs on the plant surface. In this study, seed coat characteristics of Peganum species were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy, demonstrating clear differences in morphology between species. In addition, DNA sequence data from two sequences (chloroplast: trnL‐F , psbA‐trnH ) were used to differentiate Peganum sp. and study polygenetic relationships. Diversity in DNA sequences among Peganum species was found, with inter‐specific sequence divergence ranging from 0.6% to 5.6% in psbA‐trnH , and 0.0% to 1.8% in trnL‐F . The variations within species were low: from 0.0% to 0.4% in psbA‐trnH and 0.0% to 0.4% in trnL‐F . Therefore, Peganum species can now be easily identified as separate entities based on variations in DNA sequences. Phylogenetic trees were constructed from the combined data set for the two gene fragments, and the results indicate that Peganum sp. is monophyletic and sister to P. harmala and P. nigellastrum , while P. multisectum is also monophyletic. DNA data further confirmed that P. multisectum is an independent species and that a new species, Peganum sp., exists within the genus Peganum growing wild in China.
[ -0.77734375, 1.1015625, 1.390625, -0.2001953125, 0.275390625, 0.3671875, -0.6875, 1.734375, 0.85546875, -0.255859375, -0.953125, -0.2333984375, 1.828125, -0.375, 1.234375, -0.97265625, -1.6015625, -0.412109375, -0.1845703125, 0.6484375, -1.015625, 0.251953125, -1.484375, 0.515625, 0.294921875, 0.8671875, -0.185546875, -2.484375, 0.1279296875, 0.11181640625, -1.0078125, 0.75, -2.0625, -0.5390625, 1.1875, 2.03125, 0.3671875, -0.3671875, 1.8046875, -1.203125, -0.06640625, -0.1337890625, 1.6015625, -0.3515625, 0.5546875, 1.4296875, -1.4453125, 0.189453125, 0.28125, -2.328125, -1.34375, 0.703125, 0.85546875, -1.9609375, -0.2158203125, -0.337890625, -1.6171875, 0.036865234375, 1.0390625, -0.451171875, -0.169921875, -2.375, -0.1982421875, 0.82421875, 0.5625, 1.1875, -0.1630859375, -0.44921875, 0.76171875, 0.66015625, 0.80078125, -0.64453125, 0.734375, 0.26171875, 0.875, 0.38671875, 0.875, -0.8046875, -0.373046875, 0.68359375, -0.703125, -0.447265625, -0.08740234375, 1.1640625, -1.109375, 2.890625, 0.8125, 2.5, 0.765625, 1.4140625, -0.0947265625, -0.29296875, 0.90234375, -0.2001953125, -0.875, -0.77734375, -0.73828125, 0.4765625, -0.75390625, 0.78125, -0.3359375, 0.55078125, 0.1708984375, -0.0017547607421875, 0.302734375, 0.61328125, -1.1328125, 0.212890625, -0.7578125, -1.0859375, -0.4140625, 0.34765625, -0.04345703125, 0.6484375, 0.91796875, -0.5234375, 0.017578125, 1.359375, 0.2001953125, -1.3515625, 0.384765625, -0.90234375, 0.7109375, -0.6953125, 0.1796875, -0.052734375, 0.294921875, 0.039794921875, 1.515625, -0.318359375, 0.447265625, 0.87109375, -0.421875, -0.44921875, -0.19921875, 2.265625, -0.40625, -0.087890625, 2.203125, 0.65234375, -0.0673828125, 1.5390625, -1, -1.2265625, -0.98828125, 0.2431640625, -0.80859375, -0.04296875, -0.203125, -0.67578125, -0.76171875, -0.06396484375, 0.859375, 1.1328125, 0.68359375, 0.7421875, -0.88671875, 0.6875, 0.63671875, 0.8359375, 0.75, -1.859375, -0.2080078125, 0.5859375, 0.69140625, -0.59375, -0.984375, 1.1171875, 0.494140625, 0.443359375, -0.4296875, -1.6015625, -0.90234375, 1.28125, -0.63671875, -0.8984375, -0.51171875, 0.609375, -1.265625, -1.25, 0.296875, -0.4921875, 0.2080078125, -0.99609375, 0.314453125, 3.265625, -0.06884765625, 0.251953125, -0.2080078125, 0.462890625, 0.384765625, -1.84375, -1.4765625, 1.0859375, -0.3828125, 0.265625, -0.625, 0.73828125, -1.265625, -0.0634765625, -0.494140625, -0.384765625, 0.87890625, -0.6640625, 0.828125, 0.3515625, 0.74609375, 1.609375, 1.1328125, 0.859375, -1.5, -2.109375, -0.00787353515625, 0.640625, -1.3984375, 0.88671875, -1.2890625, -0.16015625, 0.154296875, -0.1494140625, 0.7265625, -1.171875, -0.1943359375, 1.40625, 0.470703125, -0.76953125, 0.68359375, 0.9921875, -0.142578125, 0.92578125, 0.8203125, 0.64453125, -1.2734375, -1.09375, -1.6328125, 1.890625, 1.140625, 1.3125, 1.4921875, 0.53125, -0.875, 0.63671875, -0.232421875, 1.671875, 1.6484375, 0.232421875, 1.1796875, 0.119140625, 0.73046875, 0.0279541015625, 1.140625, -0.79296875, 0.478515625, 1.1171875, 0.80078125, -0.890625, -0.07373046875, 0.052490234375, 0.6875, -1.5546875, -0.1708984375, -1.09375, -1.3515625, 0.1650390625, -0.267578125, -1.1953125, -1.015625, 0.67578125, -0.23828125, -1.03125, -0.005615234375, -1.2578125, -1.625, -0.93359375, 0.1162109375, 1.109375, 0.1435546875, 0.43359375, 0.462890625, -0.3984375, -0.40625, -0.91796875, 0.1240234375, -0.46484375, 1.1640625, 1.34375, 0.75, 2.25, -1.03125, 0.61328125, -0.6015625, -2.171875, -1.8671875, -0.26171875, -0.0191650390625, -0.9921875, 0.6328125, 2.421875, 0.392578125, 0.306640625, 2.5625, -0.56640625, -1.6953125, -1.3984375, 1.3125, 0.6015625, -1.6171875, 0.3046875, 0.462890625, 0.66015625, 1.5546875, 1.3984375, -0.71484375, 1.265625, 0.59765625, 0.93359375, -0.7265625, -2.390625, 2.046875, 0.427734375, 0.33984375, 0.8671875, 0.984375, 0.1494140625, 0.5234375, -0.6796875, 0.2490234375, -1.40625, 0.052734375, -0.08349609375, -1.203125, -0.76953125, 0.83984375, -1.140625, -0.0380859375, 0.1884765625, -1.390625, -0.279296875, 0.65234375, -1.1796875, -0.0693359375, -0.4140625, 0.193359375, -1.7734375, 0.93359375, 0.59765625, -0.197265625, -1.1171875, 1.5625, -1.984375, -0.1396484375, 0.1962890625, 0.7109375, 0.2578125, 0.40234375, 0.4765625, -0.1298828125, -0.69140625, -1.3515625, 0.0673828125, -0.474609375, -0.13671875, -2.1875, 0.1435546875, 0.390625, 0.62109375, 0.69140625, -1.390625, 0.04638671875, -1.5703125, 1.2734375, -2.1875, -0.50390625, 0.6328125, -0.443359375, 1.6484375, -2.28125, -1.3046875, 0.7734375, 1.265625, -0.5, 0.73828125, 0.1357421875, 0.0400390625, 0.81640625, 0.93359375, 0.3046875, -0.5078125, 0.5, 0.83203125, -0.263671875, 1.015625, -2.5625, 1.09375, 0.02294921875, 1.3671875, 0.78515625, -0.55859375, -0.86328125, -1.34375, 2.109375, 0.90625, 0.72265625, -1.171875, -0.08935546875, -1.0546875, 0.197265625, -1.3359375, -0.58984375, -0.007598876953125, -0.69921875, 0.482421875, 0.361328125, 0.390625, -1.421875, -0.90625, 0.44921875, 0.1396484375, -0.16015625, 0.32421875, 0.7734375, 0.0211181640625, -0.6796875, -0.84375, -0.6015625, -0.7421875, 1.234375, 0.89453125, -1.796875, -1.578125, 0.2265625, 0.83984375, 0.28125, -0.330078125, 0.2265625, -0.205078125, 1.21875, 0.33203125, -2.40625, -0.208984375, 2.046875, 1.078125, 0.41796875, 0.11962890625, 1.578125, 1.59375, 0.51953125, 0.333984375, 0.91796875, 1.5390625, -0.1669921875, -1.9296875, -1.703125, -0.58203125, 0.1123046875, 0.419921875, -1.0859375, 1.5234375, -0.84765625, 0.6328125, -0.1533203125, -0.703125, -0.92578125, 0.359375, -1.078125, -0.1982421875, 0.31640625, -0.94921875, -1.0859375, 0.66796875, 0.453125, 0.96875, -0.71484375, -0.330078125, 0.111328125, 0.66796875, -0.76953125, -0.2734375, -0.494140625, 1.7109375, 1.0234375, 0.7421875, -0.51953125, 2.453125, 0.66796875, 0.07177734375, 0.29296875, -0.671875, -0.373046875, -1.171875, 0.953125, 0.443359375, 0.1943359375, -0.96484375, 1.3125, 0.73046875, 0.8671875, 1.890625, -0.703125, 0.38671875, -0.484375, -1.3671875, -3.5, -0.380859375, -1.09375, -0.140625, -0.287109375, 0.4296875, -0.6875, -0.040771484375, 1, 1.9375, -2.15625, -0.1484375, 0.19140625, 0.04345703125, 0.1435546875, 1.046875, -1.3671875, -0.291015625, 1.6796875, -0.2158203125, -0.69140625, 0.026123046875, 1.140625, 0.6640625, 0.9140625, -0.39453125, -1.1640625, -0.83984375, -0.453125, -0.67578125, -1.609375, 0.125, -0.99609375, -1.375, 0.51171875, 2.46875, 0.78515625, -0.49609375, -1.8203125, 0.4296875, -1.1328125, 0.5, 1.953125, -0.64453125, -0.15625, 0.921875, 0.01519775390625, 0.02001953125, -2.078125, 0.11865234375, -0.02685546875, -1.9765625, -1.2890625, 1.40625, -0.859375, -0.87890625, 0.59765625, -1.1171875, -0.1044921875, -1.6875, 0.396484375, 1.8671875, 0.294921875, 1.3671875, -1.328125, -0.474609375, 0.83984375, 1.109375, 1.640625, -0.255859375, -0.150390625, -0.51171875, 1.234375, 0.482421875, -1.9609375, -1.859375, 0.27734375, -0.2421875, 0.271484375, 1.71875, 1.1953125, 0.01708984375, 0.8125, 1.390625, -0.38671875, 0.1982421875, 2.171875, -0.46875, -0.66015625, -0.349609375, 0.7578125, 0.35546875, 0.1171875, -0.4765625, -0.010498046875, 0.1982421875, 0.64453125, 1.2265625, -0.1396484375, 0.6640625, 1.265625, -0.546875, -0.6796875, -1.171875, -0.310546875, 0.2294921875, -0.73828125, 0.19140625, -0.59375, 0.7578125, 0.6796875, -0.458984375, 0.6640625, 0.5390625, 1.875, -0.86328125, -0.5390625, -0.6875, -1.609375, -0.018310546875, 1.2421875, 2.25, -0.796875, -1.6640625, 1.5078125, -1.09375, 0.34765625, 0.01422119140625, -0.291015625, 0.034912109375, 0.359375, 0.1728515625, -0.5078125, -0.8046875, -0.08154296875, 2.8125, 1.1015625, -0.228515625, 0.953125, 1.1328125, -0.376953125, 0.09033203125, -1.125, 1.9453125, 0.1533203125, -0.380859375, -1.015625, 3.0625, -1.53125, 0.10546875, 0.193359375, 0.08837890625, 1.2109375, 0.21484375, -1.4921875, -2, -1.8203125, -0.1708984375, 0.11279296875, 1.3046875, -1.359375, 0.0390625, 0.953125, -0.25, -0.1728515625, -1.3046875, -1.0859375, -0.365234375, -1.5078125, 1.203125, 0.7421875, -0.26953125, -0.87890625, -0.828125, -0.625, 0.76953125, -0.11669921875, 1.6640625, -0.0228271484375, -1.2578125, -1.3984375, 0.78515625, 1.28125, -1.0703125, -1.40625, -1.015625, 0.0167236328125, 0.283203125, -0.0927734375, 0.005859375, 0.66796875, 1.125, 0.357421875, 0.7109375, 0.041748046875, -0.34375, 0.17578125, -0.41015625, 0.046630859375, 1.9765625, 1.4765625, 0.10107421875, 0.302734375, -0.22265625, 0.384765625, 0.59375, -0.9609375, -0.5078125, -0.0172119140625, 0.0791015625, -1.15625, -0.34375, 1.2734375, 0.39453125, 0.5859375, -0.6953125, -0.8125, 0.44921875, 1.140625, 0.9765625, 0.8828125, 0.10791015625, -0.36328125, -1.421875, -1.1328125, 0.06201171875, -1.3125, 0.3125, 0.0218505859375, -0.0498046875, 1.28125, -1.1484375, -0.9375, 0.0869140625, -0.578125, 0.61328125, 0.9375, 1.1640625, 0.353515625, -0.7578125, 0.296875, 0.12060546875, -0.1142578125, 0.162109375, -1.5703125, -2.40625, 0.1796875, -1.3359375, 0.032958984375, -0.259765625, 0.609375, 2.09375, 0.7265625, -1.4296875, -0.98046875, -1.5078125, 1.9296875, -1.8125, 0.91015625, -0.07080078125, -0.28515625, 0.8984375, 2.3125, -0.80078125, -0.2236328125, -1.328125, 0.11962890625, -0.80859375, -0.2041015625, -0.412109375, -0.1806640625, 1.8984375, -0.2109375, -0.61328125, 0.60546875, 0.140625, 1.953125, -0.984375, -1.1875, -0.28125, -0.984375, 0.046630859375, -0.84375, 0.359375, 0.51171875, -1.0078125, -0.859375, 0.6796875, -1.546875, -0.921875, 1.125, -0.73828125, 0.2177734375, 0.50390625, 0.72265625, 1.5859375, -0.72265625, 0.5703125, 0.765625, 1.4921875, -0.365234375, 0.56640625, -0.380859375, 0.5, 0.6484375, -0.84765625, -2.25, -0.73046875, 1.2109375, -2.015625, 1.9609375, 0.984375, 0.0302734375, 0.189453125, 0.09619140625, 0.154296875, 0.5546875, -1.109375, -0.65234375, -0.376953125, -1.234375, 0.64453125, -0.60546875, -1.0078125, -0.1982421875, 0.169921875, -1.6171875, 0.451171875, -1.6640625, -0.7578125, -1.8515625, -0.051513671875, 1.109375, -1.1328125, -0.70703125, -0.49609375, -0.078125, 1.84375, 1.0390625, -0.30859375, 1.453125, 0.078125, -1.1640625, -0.294921875, -1.3046875, 0.0859375, -0.3828125, 0.328125, 1.078125, -1.5703125, 1.03125, -0.59375, 0.3828125, -0.40625, 0.59765625, 0.05810546875, 2.796875, -0.0859375, 1.1328125, -0.00604248046875, 1.515625, 3.390625, 0.3515625, -1, -0.88671875, -0.06591796875, -0.020263671875, -0.0033721923828125, 0.5, 1.0546875, 0.388671875, 1.0625, -0.25, 0.64453125, -0.5859375, -0.1748046875, 0.310546875, 1.671875, -0.87109375, -1.8203125, -0.83984375, 0.69921875, -0.02001953125, -0.796875, -0.023193359375, 0.94140625, 0.298828125, 0.8828125, -0.796875, -0.0791015625, -1.6328125, -0.546875, -0.08349609375, 0.73828125, 0.028564453125, 1.1015625, 0.263671875, 0.384765625, 0.3984375, -0.205078125, -0.8203125, 2.3125, -0.5703125, -0.578125, -0.73046875, -1.0078125, -0.026123046875, 0.447265625, -1.3125, -0.451171875, 1.421875, -0.9609375, 0.96484375, -0.408203125, 0.65234375, -0.625, 0.6484375, 0.0673828125, 0.173828125, -0.00994873046875, -1.0390625, 1.109375, 1.1171875, 1.328125, -2.5625, -1.234375, 0.89453125, -1.453125, -2.171875, -0.984375, -0.828125, -1.640625, -3.265625, -2.703125, 0.69140625, 0.1982421875, 0.55859375, -0.5625, 1.4453125, -0.447265625, 0.30859375, -0.95703125, -1.2734375, 0.78125, 0.67578125, 0.29296875, 1.1015625, -1.6796875, -1.1484375, 0.55859375, 0.251953125, 0.48828125, 1.2734375, -0.427734375, -0.94921875, 1.0859375, 1.25, -0.62890625, -0.3125, 0.42578125, -1.34375, -1, 0.26171875, -1.2734375, -0.228515625, 1.4375, -0.341796875, -0.34375, -0.32421875, 0.72265625, -0.67578125, -0.11328125, -1.140625, 0.16796875, 0.07763671875, 1.0234375, 0.126953125, 1.7578125, 0.97265625, 1.7421875, 1.1796875, 1.0234375, 0.322265625, 0.8046875, 0.734375, 1.2109375, 0.62890625, 0.326171875, -0.58203125, -1.3984375, 0.162109375, 0.73046875, 0.29296875, 0.640625, -0.9765625, -0.81640625, 0.33203125, 0.053466796875, -0.87890625, 0.84375, -0.236328125, -0.69140625, 1.859375, 0.41796875, 0.302734375, -1.109375, 0.9375, -0.51953125, -2.578125, 1.8359375, -0.98828125, 0.14453125, -0.25, 0.3203125, 1.3984375, 0.44140625, 0.45703125, 1.6328125, -0.474609375, -0.734375, 0.05224609375, 2.78125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534065196
Anomalies for Galilean fields
We initiate a systematic study of `t Hooft anomalies in Galilean field theories, focusing on two questions therein. In the first, we consider the non-relativistic theories obtained from a discrete light-cone quantization (DLCQ) of a relativistic theory with flavor or gravitational anomalies. We find that these anomalies survive the DLCQ, becoming mixed flavor/boost or gravitational/boost anomalies. We also classify the pure Weyl anomalies of Schr\"odinger theories, which are Galilean conformal field theories (CFTs) with $z=2$. There are no pure Weyl anomalies in even spacetime dimension, and the lowest-derivative anomalies in odd dimension are in one-to-one correspondence with those of a relativistic CFT in one dimension higher. These results classify many of the anomalies that arise in the field theories dual to string theory on Schr\"odinger spacetimes.
[ -1.65625, 1.1015625, 3.09375, -2.25, -0.63671875, -1.21875, -0.82421875, 1.65625, 0.96875, 0.9453125, 0.31640625, 1.453125, 3.015625, -0.0228271484375, 2.5, -1.1796875, 0.9765625, -0.99609375, -1.1796875, 0.5078125, -0.53125, -0.3515625, -2.46875, -0.10205078125, -0.9921875, 2.203125, -2.546875, -2.203125, 0.5, 3.734375, -0.416015625, 0.74609375, -1.5625, 0.365234375, 0.66796875, -0.7421875, -0.30859375, 1.2890625, -1.2734375, 1.3046875, 1, -0.9296875, 1.4375, -0.4453125, 1.1328125, 1.078125, 0.1142578125, -1.2265625, -1.015625, -1.578125, -0.8984375, 0.99609375, -0.515625, -0.67578125, -0.6640625, 0.58984375, -0.91796875, 1.6015625, 0.93359375, -0.78515625, -1.4375, -1.375, 0.41015625, 0.2177734375, -0.443359375, -2.109375, -0.08984375, -0.8125, 0.5234375, -0.96875, 0.458984375, -1.1171875, 1.109375, -0.435546875, 0.2060546875, -2.265625, 0.484375, 1.5859375, 0.27734375, 1.3359375, 0.1650390625, -1.0546875, 0.5, 1.34375, -0.97265625, 1.765625, 1.984375, 1.53125, -0.09033203125, 0.734375, 1.015625, 1.53125, -1.1484375, -0.91015625, -1.2265625, -1.3203125, 0.578125, 0.96484375, -1.859375, 1.1015625, -0.10986328125, -0.765625, 1.4765625, -0.78515625, -1.640625, 0.0341796875, 0.79296875, -0.9765625, -1.21875, 1.0703125, -0.2734375, 0.51171875, 0.91015625, 0.59765625, 0.52734375, -0.6875, 1.046875, 0.95703125, -0.251953125, -0.08447265625, 2.125, -0.95703125, 0.09375, -0.9140625, 1.703125, 0.9375, -2.5, -0.1650390625, -0.076171875, -1.875, 1.734375, 0.31640625, 0.09375, 0.5234375, 0.3203125, 2.15625, 0.470703125, 1.9921875, 1.203125, 1.1015625, -1.0234375, 1.4765625, -1.9921875, -1.421875, 0.365234375, -0.1552734375, 0.9921875, -0.91015625, 0.451171875, 0.68359375, 0.60546875, -0.92578125, -0.6484375, 1.2734375, 1.09375, -1.6640625, -0.71484375, 1.625, -0.3671875, 0.2060546875, -0.04150390625, -1.296875, 2, -1.5546875, 0.13671875, -0.7890625, -0.248046875, 0.0213623046875, 0.458984375, 0.31640625, -1.125, 0.09423828125, -0.6328125, -0.7109375, 0.287109375, -0.1123046875, -1.8359375, 1.15625, 0.83203125, -0.333984375, -0.419921875, 0.9140625, 0.8046875, -0.7578125, -0.390625, 2.34375, -0.71875, 0.1552734375, -0.6015625, 1.0859375, -0.298828125, -2.71875, -1.671875, 2.59375, 1.1484375, -0.26953125, -1.28125, 0.65625, 0.328125, -0.2578125, -2.21875, 0.443359375, 1.640625, 0.2255859375, -0.41796875, -1.5546875, 0.66796875, 0.7265625, 0.287109375, 0.36328125, -0.78515625, -1.015625, -0.984375, 0.35546875, 0.984375, -0.8046875, 0.37109375, 1.609375, 0.98828125, -1.7578125, 0.126953125, 1.96875, -0.0142822265625, -1.1171875, 0.67578125, -0.30078125, -0.36328125, -0.0152587890625, -1.546875, -0.53515625, 0.2138671875, -0.67578125, 0.365234375, -1.078125, -1.2734375, 1.0703125, -0.578125, 0.283203125, 2.25, 0.408203125, 0.90234375, -2.34375, -0.3125, 0.208984375, 1.015625, 0.376953125, 0.80078125, -1.453125, -0.77734375, -0.4140625, 0.40234375, -1.4609375, -0.07666015625, -0.435546875, -1.203125, -0.39453125, -0.421875, -0.2265625, -0.060791015625, -1.21875, -1.1484375, 0.4140625, 0.18359375, 1.640625, -0.037109375, -1.59375, -0.3515625, -0.23046875, 0.6171875, 1.6953125, 0.984375, -1.6640625, -0.8125, -0.255859375, 0.01373291015625, 1.421875, -1.15625, -0.053466796875, 0.23046875, -0.73046875, -1.28125, 0.0101318359375, 0.7734375, 0.15234375, -0.25390625, 0.6953125, 1.4140625, 1.3984375, -0.0047607421875, -1.2421875, 0.8125, -0.28125, -1.1796875, -0.51953125, 1.3125, -1.03125, 0.34765625, 2.09375, 0.640625, -1.0078125, -1.671875, 1.8046875, -0.7578125, -0.00787353515625, -0.64453125, -0.9609375, -2.359375, -1.1875, 0.056640625, 0.91796875, -0.2197265625, 0.41015625, -1.5078125, -0.671875, 0.498046875, 1.234375, 0.185546875, -1.5546875, 0.55078125, 0.9609375, 0.79296875, -0.97265625, -0.58984375, -0.54296875, 1.078125, -0.3828125, 0.034423828125, -1.1796875, -0.9921875, 0.06884765625, -2.390625, -1.4296875, 0.59765625, 0.54296875, 0.138671875, 1.125, -2.015625, -0.177734375, 0.71875, 0.08056640625, -0.1494140625, -1.234375, 0.5859375, -2.453125, 0.65625, 1.2421875, 0.76171875, -1.171875, 0.494140625, -0.875, 0.47265625, -0.5234375, 0.82421875, -0.7421875, 0.0301513671875, -0.171875, 1.6328125, -1.3203125, -1.265625, -1.2578125, -0.357421875, 1.3828125, -0.80078125, -0.796875, 0.0546875, 0.78515625, 0.2001953125, 0.5703125, 0.53515625, -0.97265625, 0.84375, -0.5078125, -3.109375, -0.30859375, -1.109375, 0.56640625, -3.015625, -3.796875, -0.84765625, 0.33984375, -0.2392578125, -0.74609375, -0.94921875, -0.412109375, -0.03125, -0.1240234375, -0.4921875, -0.40234375, -0.126953125, 1.5234375, 0.40234375, -0.78515625, -0.68359375, -0.90234375, 0.474609375, 1.3046875, 2.15625, 0.1708984375, -1.640625, -1.71875, 0.412109375, 1.171875, 0.2890625, 0.57421875, -2.0625, -0.953125, -0.59375, -1.6328125, 0.515625, -0.55859375, -0.3515625, -0.08837890625, -1.03125, -0.94140625, 1.265625, -1.6875, 0.63671875, 0.7421875, 1.2578125, -0.921875, 0.1474609375, 1.703125, -0.43359375, 0.12109375, -0.4296875, 0.87890625, -0.515625, -0.4921875, 0.44140625, -0.298828125, 0.1220703125, 0.9921875, 0.60546875, -2.0625, 0.169921875, -1.2265625, 1.0546875, 0.5390625, -2.921875, -0.30078125, -0.9296875, 0.80078125, -0.341796875, -1, 1.6953125, 0.9375, -1.34375, -1.2109375, 0.96875, 2.0625, -0.921875, 0.90625, -1.625, -1.234375, 0.1416015625, 1.015625, -1.3359375, 1.2890625, -1.234375, 0.55859375, -1.1796875, -0.03369140625, 1.0625, -0.0595703125, 0.96875, -0.337890625, -0.5859375, 0.78125, -1.578125, 1.484375, 1.671875, -0.1171875, -0.1630859375, -0.76171875, -0.8515625, 0.1669921875, 1.9296875, -0.515625, 0.0947265625, -0.03662109375, 0.53515625, 0.8828125, -1.0234375, 0.734375, -1.375, -0.79296875, -0.07666015625, -0.34375, 0.03173828125, 0.73046875, 0.984375, 0.84375, 0.7109375, -1.03125, 1.2734375, -1.015625, 1.1484375, 1.0546875, -0.59375, 0.8203125, -1.3203125, -1.296875, -2.140625, 2.359375, -0.59375, 0.8359375, -0.11376953125, -0.48046875, -1.1796875, 0.0927734375, -0.1201171875, 2.5625, -0.14453125, -0.06591796875, 0.314453125, 0.90234375, 1.0390625, 0.03662109375, 0.064453125, -0.9375, -0.16796875, -1.46875, 0.376953125, -1.0859375, 1.3203125, -0.27734375, 1.7109375, 0.8125, -0.6875, -1.703125, 0.7578125, 0.322265625, 1.7578125, 0.0849609375, -0.404296875, -0.248046875, 0.2314453125, -0.85546875, 1.7421875, -0.515625, 0.35546875, -0.16796875, -1.59375, -3.046875, 0.49609375, -0.29296875, -1.046875, 1.546875, -0.1044921875, 1.3671875, -0.44921875, 0.09814453125, -0.890625, 0.0625, 0.53515625, 0.71484375, -0.306640625, -1.4609375, 0.87890625, 0.1298828125, 0.90625, 0.0223388671875, 0.6640625, 1.234375, 0.8515625, -0.640625, -0.1279296875, -2.765625, 0.75, 0.390625, -0.24609375, 2, 0.89453125, 1.2734375, 1.5234375, 0.19140625, 0.494140625, -0.022705078125, -0.51953125, -1.3984375, 1.0390625, 0.0228271484375, 0.671875, 0.828125, -1.1015625, 0.2060546875, -0.1640625, 0.8125, 1.0234375, -1.3359375, 0.79296875, -0.48046875, -0.318359375, -0.33984375, 0.189453125, 1.78125, 1.1015625, 1.984375, 0.4765625, -0.396484375, -0.439453125, 0.64453125, 0.63671875, -0.212890625, -0.00946044921875, 1, 0.412109375, -0.236328125, 0.984375, -0.419921875, -0.98828125, 1.1484375, -0.69140625, -0.98828125, -0.11083984375, -0.9609375, 1.1796875, 0.2890625, -0.427734375, -0.578125, -0.326171875, 0.2060546875, -0.109375, 0.1552734375, 0.9140625, -1.9140625, -1.625, -1.2890625, -0.4609375, 1.09375, -1.8828125, 1.140625, -0.57421875, 0.43359375, -1.1484375, -1.28125, -0.5390625, 0.09814453125, -1.15625, 1.7890625, -0.44921875, 2.09375, -1.078125, 0.1689453125, -0.03857421875, 1.140625, -1.921875, -0.70703125, -0.89453125, 2.25, -0.96484375, -0.189453125, 1.34375, -0.443359375, -0.71875, 1.4375, -1.5546875, -0.71875, -0.447265625, 1.203125, 0.59375, -1.484375, -1.84375, 0.197265625, 0.259765625, -0.19140625, -1.2890625, 0.061767578125, -1.375, -2.078125, -0.2080078125, -1.2578125, 0.287109375, 1.3828125, 0.40234375, 1.078125, -0.74609375, 3.125, -0.38671875, 0.88671875, -0.474609375, -0.6171875, -2.203125, 1.265625, 0.73828125, -0.19921875, 0.80859375, -0.59765625, -0.96484375, 0.6875, 0.53125, 0.91015625, 0.1533203125, 1.0078125, 0.96484375, -0.6328125, 0.384765625, -0.54296875, -0.46484375, -0.203125, 0.54296875, 1.5859375, 0.1494140625, 0.8671875, 0.734375, 1.203125, 0.31640625, 0.0625, -0.6796875, 0.46484375, -2.25, 0.412109375, -0.1728515625, 1.140625, 0.53515625, 1.875, 0.89453125, 0.2265625, -1.4453125, 1.03125, -0.74609375, -0.115234375, -0.365234375, 0.3515625, 0.09521484375, -0.359375, -0.6484375, 0.026123046875, -0.294921875, 1.9375, -1.265625, -0.82421875, 0.345703125, -1.328125, 0.71484375, -0.049560546875, -0.58984375, 0.46875, 0.431640625, -0.0272216796875, -1.375, 1.3203125, 0.84765625, 0.73046875, 0.373046875, -0.74609375, -1.546875, -1.2421875, 0.404296875, -1.015625, 0.404296875, -0.55859375, -0.1904296875, 0.220703125, 1.15625, -1.328125, -0.82421875, -0.48046875, 0.08740234375, -1.09375, 1.125, 0.051025390625, 1.125, 0.62109375, -0.359375, -0.2578125, -0.53515625, -0.6875, -0.7890625, 2.3125, 0.6015625, 0.248046875, 1.0390625, -0.38671875, 0.90625, 1.578125, 0.049072265625, 0.67578125, 0.28515625, 0.400390625, -1.109375, 0.490234375, 0.08935546875, 1.1328125, -1.453125, 1.7734375, -0.7421875, 0.267578125, -0.498046875, -0.671875, -0.20703125, -1.421875, 0.0810546875, 0.98046875, -0.427734375, 0.494140625, 1.609375, -0.66796875, -0.173828125, -1.6796875, 1.09375, 1.015625, 0.1904296875, 0.66796875, -1.015625, -0.208984375, -0.94140625, -0.32421875, 0.32421875, -0.83984375, 0.33203125, 0.326171875, 1.6640625, 1.3046875, 0.0966796875, -0.373046875, -0.890625, 1.578125, 0.59765625, 1.1015625, -0.1728515625, -0.9453125, -0.498046875, 0.69140625, -0.0703125, -0.92578125, 0.77734375, -2, 0.1796875, 0.7109375, -0.353515625, -0.66015625, -2.609375, -0.78125, 2.34375, -0.255859375, 0.5703125, 0.0859375, -0.8515625, 0.95703125, -0.353515625, 0.07666015625, 1.6171875, 0.7890625, -2.046875, -0.1669921875, -0.09326171875, 0.50390625, 0.30859375, -0.49609375, 1.171875, 1.03125, -0.29296875, 0.40625, -1.2890625, -0.515625, 0.361328125, -0.08984375, 2.0625, -0.74609375, 1.9765625, 1.40625, 1.1015625, 1.8046875, 0.71484375, -0.04931640625, -0.484375, -0.5546875, -0.53515625, 1.265625, -0.042236328125, -0.4921875, 0.130859375, 0.470703125, 0.220703125, -0.177734375, -0.357421875, 0.212890625, 0.0771484375, 2.1875, -1.2109375, -0.09716796875, -1.2734375, -0.73046875, -0.55078125, -0.55078125, 1.6015625, -0.3046875, -0.8515625, 1.0390625, 0.890625, 0.022705078125, -0.306640625, 1.0859375, -0.2421875, 2.5625, -0.203125, 0.34765625, 0.08984375, 0.91796875, -0.04833984375, -1.7265625, 0.494140625, 0.62890625, -0.34375, -0.126953125, -0.203125, 1.1171875, -0.11865234375, 0.003509521484375, -1.0234375, 0.333984375, 0.8984375, 1.421875, 0.2451171875, -0.86328125, 0.46484375, -0.349609375, 0.921875, -1.484375, 1.8125, 0.84375, -1.1484375, 0.369140625, -0.625, 0.6171875, 0.64453125, 0.380859375, 1.4921875, -1.8203125, -2.203125, 0.32421875, 0.90234375, -0.6796875, -0.60546875, -1.5625, 0.78515625, 1.234375, 2, 1.15625, -0.1318359375, -1.0078125, 0.263671875, 0.51953125, -1.03125, 1.1015625, -0.1689453125, -0.3203125, 0.2490234375, -0.55078125, -0.494140625, -0.38671875, 2.546875, -0.134765625, -0.458984375, 0.0159912109375, -1.25, 0.87890625, -0.06005859375, -0.228515625, 0.1337890625, 1.2890625, -1.8203125, 1.5703125, 1.015625, -0.97265625, -0.421875, 2.140625, -1.5078125, -1.0390625, -0.1298828125, 1.4921875, -1.4765625, -0.4921875, -0.042724609375, -0.37890625, -0.5234375, 0.4140625, -0.423828125, 0.4296875, 0.216796875, 0.23828125, -0.0830078125, 1.359375, 0.1328125, -0.2734375, 0.875, -1.0546875, 1.4609375, 1.0546875, 1.71875, -0.65625, -0.6328125, 0.50390625, -0.73046875, -0.0849609375, -1.4609375, -1.515625, -0.228515625, -0.97265625, 0.146484375, -0.5390625, 0.96484375, -0.39453125, 0.1005859375, 0.6484375, 0.7265625, 1.03125, 0.828125, -1.09375, 0.296875, 0.5859375, -1.0234375, -0.486328125, -0.00061798095703125, 1.640625, 2.78125, 2.125, -0.76171875, 1.015625, -0.451171875, -0.142578125, 0.5390625, 2.578125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534101419
Loneliness During Early Childhood: The Role of Interpersonal Behaviors and Relationships
Decades ago, prominent theorists assumed that loneliness could only be experienced in adolescence and adulthood when needs for social intimacy, beyond those which parents could provide, were thought to begin (e.g., Sullivan, 1953; Weiss, 1973). This reasoning is reminiscent of psychoanalytic theorists who likewise believed that children could not experience depression (see Rutter, 1986). Similar to theory and research on depression, such thinking may have stultified empirical work on loneliness in young children because very few studies have been conducted on loneliness at this stage of development. Recently, however, researchers have recognized that, along with the need to be physically and emotionally close to significant others, young children are able to discern their social situation and emotional state. An initial estimate that about 10% of 5- to 7-year-old children feel very lonely or dissatisfied with their social relationships at school (Cassidy & Asher, 1992) supports the notion that young children can actually feel sadness about solitude. Furthermore, children in kindergarten and first grade comprehend the concept of loneliness, reporting that loneliness is "a feeling of being sad and alone" (Cassidy & Asher, 1992).
[ -0.0517578125, -0.92578125, -0.515625, -0.5234375, -1.34375, -0.083984375, -1.109375, 0.64453125, 1.1796875, -0.337890625, -0.0303955078125, 0.875, 2.671875, -1.25, 1.1171875, 1.3359375, 0.060546875, -0.9375, -1.2578125, -1.734375, -0.59375, 0.1162109375, -4.0625, 1.4921875, -0.53515625, 0.07421875, 0.33203125, -0.5546875, 1.390625, -0.5546875, 1.1328125, 0.44140625, -1, -0.875, 1.515625, -0.63671875, -0.0986328125, 1.984375, -0.77734375, 0.09423828125, 0.8984375, -0.58203125, -0.9140625, -0.32421875, -0.443359375, 1.7734375, -0.1376953125, 0.1435546875, -0.61328125, -0.2197265625, -1.671875, 0.6015625, -0.041015625, 0.48046875, -0.90625, 0.01055908203125, -0.1689453125, 1.234375, 1.1875, -0.140625, -1.2109375, -1.578125, 0.2041015625, 0.0888671875, -0.484375, -0.427734375, 0.470703125, -1.125, 1.4921875, 0.921875, 0.19921875, 0.1005859375, -0.439453125, -0.046142578125, 0.4140625, 1.1015625, 0.3359375, -1.0390625, 1.1328125, 0.25390625, 1.46875, -0.494140625, -1.6171875, -0.11962890625, -0.45703125, 1.171875, -0.484375, 1.9765625, -0.4765625, -0.1943359375, 1.4765625, 0.057373046875, -0.609375, -0.57421875, -0.1533203125, 0.474609375, 0.048828125, 1.6875, -1.578125, 0.95703125, -1.4375, -0.765625, -1.375, 0.87109375, -1.4140625, 0.671875, -0.38671875, 0.75, -0.96484375, 1.734375, 0.94921875, -1.765625, -0.84765625, -0.26171875, 0.56640625, -0.000797271728515625, 0.50390625, 0.42578125, 0.55078125, -1.2890625, 0.8359375, -1.3671875, -0.54296875, -2.0625, 1.65625, 0.00145721435546875, -1.84375, -0.82421875, -1.390625, -0.091796875, 0.2060546875, -0.0096435546875, 0.26171875, -0.2294921875, 2.0625, -1.75, 1.4609375, 0.2412109375, 0.1552734375, -0.9375, 0.6796875, 2.859375, 0.419921875, -2.125, -0.053955078125, -0.68359375, 0.74609375, 0.6796875, 0.18359375, 0.9609375, -0.6796875, -0.251953125, 0.2412109375, 2.234375, -1.1328125, -2.078125, -0.6953125, 1.6640625, -0.6328125, -0.40234375, 0.64453125, -2.546875, 1.96875, -0.5859375, 0.228515625, -1.328125, 0.4453125, 1.3984375, 1.0390625, 1.0625, -1.625, 0.5390625, 0.69921875, -1.2109375, 1.875, -0.451171875, -2.25, 1.328125, -0.50390625, -1.0234375, -0.08154296875, -0.1298828125, 0.11376953125, -1.0859375, 0.08251953125, -0.451171875, -0.77734375, 1.5078125, -1.03125, 0.484375, -0.1025390625, -0.039794921875, -1.8125, 1.40625, 2.21875, -0.353515625, 0.80078125, 0.369140625, 0.1416015625, -0.83984375, -2.359375, 0.212890625, -0.0059814453125, -1.28125, 0.90625, -0.765625, 0.61328125, 0.34375, 2.390625, 1.171875, 0.10986328125, 0.4453125, 1, -0.388671875, -1.453125, -0.828125, -0.53515625, -0.189453125, 0.76953125, -0.01904296875, 1.6640625, 1.4375, 0.4296875, 1.0625, -0.8046875, 0.029541015625, 0.55859375, 0.5703125, -0.8671875, -0.322265625, 0.859375, 0.7578125, -0.470703125, -0.062255859375, -1.171875, -0.51953125, 0.1142578125, 1.765625, 0.6796875, 0.75, 1.0234375, -1.0546875, -0.796875, 1.828125, 0.67578125, -0.4765625, 0.875, -1.796875, -0.51953125, -0.08056640625, 1.5078125, 1.1484375, 0.201171875, 0.80078125, -0.57421875, 0.33203125, -0.69921875, -0.2373046875, 0.3359375, 0.0152587890625, -0.52734375, -0.90234375, -0.130859375, -0.40625, -0.5078125, 0.123046875, -1.46875, 0.671875, 0.19921875, 0.203125, 0.6015625, -1.5234375, -0.6796875, 1.25, -0.87890625, -0.498046875, -1.96875, -1.125, -1.046875, -0.796875, -2.046875, -0.20703125, -2.703125, 1.3671875, 0.2294921875, 0.671875, 0.83203125, 1.6015625, -0.36328125, -0.474609375, 0.15234375, -0.859375, -0.4375, 0.490234375, -0.625, -1.0625, -0.318359375, 0.33984375, 0.375, 0.0966796875, 0.91796875, -0.462890625, -0.5625, -0.68359375, 1.6796875, -1.3828125, -1.171875, -0.74609375, 0.7421875, -1.046875, -0.7421875, 1.0859375, -0.453125, -0.279296875, 0.7421875, 0.23828125, -0.76171875, -0.25, 0.96484375, -0.55859375, 0.427734375, 0.47265625, 0.3203125, -1.84375, 0.234375, -1.015625, -0.8515625, -0.953125, -0.8515625, -0.734375, -0.2314453125, 0.984375, 0.294921875, -1.5078125, -0.380859375, 1.921875, -0.2099609375, 0.318359375, 0.7890625, 0.765625, 0.068359375, -0.326171875, -1.109375, -1.625, -0.296875, -1.4375, 0.1416015625, -1.7421875, 1.5703125, -0.2197265625, -0.78515625, -1.375, 0.78515625, -0.009033203125, -0.6015625, 0.80078125, 2, -0.251953125, 0.1474609375, 0.62109375, 0.81640625, 0.65625, 0.0162353515625, 1.8515625, 0.62890625, -0.3984375, 0.71875, -0.8671875, 1.109375, 0.115234375, 1.1796875, 0.447265625, 0.5390625, 0.83984375, 1.5625, 0.53125, 0.384765625, -1.7578125, 0.1708984375, 1.828125, -1.5859375, 0.54296875, -0.458984375, 1.1015625, 1.046875, 1.1796875, 1.296875, -1.171875, 0.1904296875, 0.91015625, 0.953125, 1.7578125, -1.3046875, -2.125, 1.7109375, 1.09375, 2.078125, 0.0133056640625, -2.09375, 0.515625, 1.109375, 0.279296875, 0.283203125, -0.859375, 0.04541015625, 0.392578125, -0.83203125, -0.7890625, -0.64453125, 0.796875, 1.2578125, -0.6484375, 0.73828125, -1.1875, -0.11572265625, 0.78515625, 0.734375, -0.5234375, -0.19140625, -0.0238037109375, -0.068359375, -0.26171875, 0.953125, -0.423828125, -0.77734375, 1.25, 1.5859375, 1.8359375, -1.953125, 0.91015625, 1.1328125, 1.3671875, 2.78125, -2.21875, -0.71875, 1.828125, -0.482421875, 0.77734375, 0.76953125, -0.42578125, 1.015625, -0.72265625, -1.453125, 1.5625, 1.2421875, 0.58984375, 0.7109375, -0.0341796875, 0.447265625, 0.408203125, 1.375, -0.134765625, -0.875, -1.78125, 0.294921875, -0.2373046875, 0.703125, 0.8046875, 1.078125, -1.4765625, -1.265625, -0.1572265625, 1.1875, 0.3125, 1.1640625, 0.11865234375, -0.57421875, 0.322265625, -0.8515625, 0.93359375, -0.267578125, 0.482421875, -2.140625, 0.95703125, 0.57421875, 0.51171875, 0.2275390625, 0.42578125, 0.017822265625, -1.625, 2.0625, -0.35546875, 0.62109375, 1.3671875, -0.6953125, 0.609375, 0.88671875, -0.353515625, 0.71484375, 0.275390625, -0.6171875, -0.1630859375, 0.12353515625, 0.421875, 1.609375, -0.0306396484375, 1.5625, 1.0234375, 1.375, -0.9765625, 0.6484375, -0.462890625, -0.044189453125, -1.2578125, 0.37109375, 1.9609375, 0.435546875, -0.0311279296875, -1.609375, 1.5234375, 1.0078125, 2.015625, -0.67578125, -1.65625, 0.765625, 0.83984375, 2.421875, 0.12451171875, -0.1484375, -0.86328125, 0.64453125, -0.8203125, 1.3671875, 0.427734375, -0.08740234375, 0.38671875, 1.15625, 0.53515625, -0.25390625, -0.4609375, 1.1015625, 0.216796875, 1.5, -0.035400390625, -0.37109375, -0.953125, 1.1328125, -0.91015625, 0.123046875, -0.77734375, -1.078125, -0.21484375, -0.7734375, -1.46875, 2.25, 0.8515625, 0.05615234375, 0.984375, -0.3046875, -0.00153350830078125, -0.474609375, -0.255859375, -0.9296875, 0.376953125, 0.298828125, 1.1171875, -0.890625, -0.1376953125, 1.4453125, -1.875, -0.90625, -1.1171875, 0.12158203125, 0.435546875, 0.474609375, -0.98828125, -1.734375, -1.0625, 1.4453125, 0.91015625, -0.69921875, -0.796875, -0.828125, 0.67578125, 1.296875, -0.9921875, 0.451171875, -0.78515625, -0.890625, -0.275390625, 0.296875, 0.359375, -0.30859375, 1.1796875, 0.3828125, 1.90625, 0.287109375, -0.32421875, 0.345703125, -1.5859375, -0.6171875, -1.609375, 1.015625, 0.486328125, 0.09375, 0.54296875, 0.95703125, 0.7421875, 0.265625, 1.734375, 0.1259765625, 0.3984375, -0.021240234375, 0.5625, -0.0517578125, -0.4609375, -1.109375, 0.94140625, 0.6171875, -0.69921875, 0.09423828125, -0.65625, -1.453125, 0.51171875, 0.1845703125, -0.53515625, -0.291015625, -1.0859375, 0.51171875, -0.326171875, -1.359375, -0.88671875, 1.6875, 0.1669921875, 0.326171875, 0.85546875, 0.60546875, -1.4296875, 0.337890625, 1.546875, -1.1171875, 0.21875, 0.9296875, -0.890625, 1.09375, -1.921875, -2.5625, -1.8359375, 0.90625, -1.921875, 0.97265625, -0.16796875, 0.21484375, 0.004486083984375, 0.6640625, 0.76953125, -0.62890625, -0.341796875, 0.4375, 1.3828125, -1.0546875, 0.66796875, 0.10205078125, -0.984375, 1.0078125, 0.11767578125, -2.390625, -0.140625, -0.828125, -0.5390625, 1.3046875, 0.8828125, 0.8671875, 0.703125, 1.703125, 0.10888671875, -1.53125, -2.6875, -0.1455078125, -0.2890625, 0.036865234375, -1.0859375, 0.062255859375, 1.625, -1.2109375, 0.5625, 0.6171875, 1.53125, 0.279296875, 1.1796875, 0.486328125, -0.0205078125, -0.68359375, -0.3828125, 1.265625, 0.0947265625, 1.6171875, -0.21484375, -0.4140625, 1.390625, 0.55859375, 0.494140625, 1.296875, -0.8359375, 0.322265625, 0.333984375, 2.359375, -0.1171875, 1.6171875, -0.5, -0.1640625, 0.15625, 0.83203125, -0.78125, -0.80859375, 0.8125, 0.9296875, 0.50390625, 1.5703125, -0.158203125, 1.3359375, 0.400390625, -0.796875, 0.83984375, -0.84765625, 0.70703125, 1.359375, 0.9609375, -0.4921875, -0.275390625, 0.2890625, -0.1201171875, -0.1806640625, 0.408203125, -1.046875, 1.2421875, 0.302734375, 0.890625, -1.7890625, -0.1318359375, -0.53125, -2, 1.859375, -0.578125, 0.640625, -0.53125, -0.37109375, 1.34375, 1.484375, 1.1796875, -1.0390625, 1.078125, -1.53125, 0.8828125, 0.1044921875, -0.11865234375, -1.5, -1.1640625, 0.4140625, 0.828125, 0.61328125, 0.55078125, -0.7578125, 2.234375, 0.85546875, 0.40234375, -0.64453125, 1.2109375, -0.5859375, -0.169921875, 0.2197265625, -0.8203125, -0.75, -0.62109375, -0.42578125, 1.859375, 0.765625, -1.0078125, 0.77734375, 2.203125, 0.8203125, -0.2353515625, 0.59375, -0.16796875, 0.1982421875, -0.0018768310546875, -0.38671875, -0.61328125, -0.98046875, -0.12255859375, -0.8984375, -0.2255859375, -1.59375, -0.09423828125, -0.043212890625, -0.61328125, 0.5859375, 0.75390625, -2.828125, -1.359375, -0.74609375, 0.19140625, -1.453125, 1.3125, 0.2333984375, -0.6328125, 2.46875, 0.1826171875, -0.3515625, 0.734375, 0.87890625, 0.30078125, 0.1357421875, 0.435546875, -0.77734375, -0.14453125, 0.85546875, 1.2265625, -1.5859375, -2.03125, 1.1171875, -2, 2.4375, -0.19921875, -0.703125, 1.234375, -1.3359375, -1.3125, 0.185546875, 0.8671875, -0.74609375, 0.189453125, -0.296875, -0.66015625, -0.90625, -1.078125, -1.109375, 2.515625, -0.88671875, 1.46875, -0.498046875, -1.328125, -2.03125, -0.050537109375, 0.58984375, -0.054443359375, -2.65625, 0.0306396484375, 0.8828125, 0.373046875, 0.3203125, 1.4453125, 1.2421875, 1.53125, -1.1484375, -1.8984375, -0.482421875, -1.265625, -1.078125, -1.0703125, 0.1064453125, -0.216796875, 0.15625, -0.8828125, -0.30078125, 0.3984375, 1.25, 1.7734375, 0.06982421875, 1.0390625, -0.349609375, -1.0390625, 1.0625, 2.109375, 1.7578125, -1.0546875, -1.25, -1.515625, -1.609375, 0.458984375, -0.5078125, 1.328125, -0.953125, 1.1328125, 0.0020751953125, -1, -1.8515625, -0.1865234375, 0.486328125, 2.1875, 0.1923828125, -0.2490234375, -0.984375, 0.10302734375, -0.40234375, -0.1552734375, -0.8359375, -0.3828125, -1.0625, -0.921875, -0.1796875, 0.69921875, -0.06396484375, -0.57421875, 0.05615234375, 1.3828125, 0.39453125, -1.0625, -0.2373046875, -0.578125, -0.283203125, 0.11474609375, 0.8359375, 2.390625, -0.0693359375, -1.109375, -0.46484375, -1.6875, -0.296875, -0.1494140625, -1.5625, 0.8828125, 0.70703125, -0.4765625, 1.2265625, 0.93359375, 0.7578125, -0.77734375, -1.0390625, 0.94140625, 1.125, 1.3828125, 0.44140625, 0.451171875, -0.380859375, 1.046875, -0.87890625, 1.3203125, -0.27734375, 1.0859375, 0.8515625, 0.4453125, -1.2421875, -0.29296875, -1.484375, -2.015625, -0.01031494140625, -0.65234375, 0.8046875, -0.009765625, 2.515625, -1.046875, 1.8125, 1.4609375, 0.7734375, 0.68359375, -0.1630859375, -1.4609375, 0.06640625, 0.12890625, 1.609375, -0.08544921875, -0.2578125, -0.486328125, 0.765625, -0.283203125, 0.54296875, -1.4453125, 0.609375, -1.359375, 0.265625, 1.390625, -0.69140625, 0.69140625, 0.412109375, 0.1748046875, 0.640625, 0.28125, 0.09326171875, 0.11474609375, -2.34375, 0.515625, 0.66796875, 0.3203125, 1.0390625, 0.53515625, -0.404296875, -0.193359375, 0.0751953125, 0.95703125, -0.92578125, 0.90625, 1.046875, 1.2734375, -0.26953125, 0.236328125, -0.283203125, 0.87890625, -1.4921875, 0.45703125, 1.1953125, -2.09375, 1.171875, -0.06103515625, 1.7109375, -0.0274658203125, 1.140625, -1.25, -1.71875, 0.83203125, -1.5859375, -0.7421875, 1.1875, 0.890625, 2.15625, -0.01226806640625, 0.7421875, 0.158203125, 1.34375, -1.9453125, -0.76171875, -1.5703125, -0.3515625, -1.484375, -0.3984375, 1.3984375, 1.125, 0.75, 0.8671875, 1.5078125, -1.8515625, -0.87109375, 0.08349609375, 1.6171875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534129746
Efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical infection in young Japanese women
In this open, extended follow-up study (NCT00929526, Clinicaltrials.gov), we evaluated the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity and safety up to 4 years after first vaccination in Japanese women aged 20–25 years. In the initial randomized, double-blind study (NCT00316693), 1040 women received the study vaccine or hepatitis A control vaccine; 752 women were included in the follow-up study. In women from the according-to-protocol efficacy cohort (ATP-E), who were initially seronegative for the HPV type analyzed, no cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1 or greater (CIN1+) cases associated with HPV-16/18 were reported in the HPV group, while in the control group, 5 cases were identified in extended follow-up analyses (vaccine efficacy [VE] 100% [95% CI: −3.7–100]) and 8 cases in combined initial and follow-up studies analyses (VE 100% [42.2–100]). In the ATP-E, VE against CIN1+ and CIN2+ associated with high-risk HPV types reached 66.4% (21.6–87.1) and 83.0% (22.1–98.2) in extended follow-up analyses, and 63.4% (28.8–82.3) and 77.3% (30.4–94.4) in analyses of combined studies, respectively. During the 4-year period, protection against CIN1+ and CIN2+, irrespective of the HPV type, was 56.7% (32.8–72.6) and 54.9% (20.5–75.3) in women receiving ≥1 vaccine dose, regardless of baseline serostatus (total vaccinated cohort [TVC]) and 61.0% (11.8–84.2) and 73.9% (1.1–95.3) in women naïve to HPV infection at baseline (TVC-naïve), respectively. The high VE observed in Japanese women, accompanied by a sustained immune response and a clinically acceptable safety profile, support findings of large, international trials.
[ 0.3984375, 0.212890625, 0.8671875, -0.78125, 0.333984375, 0.1328125, -0.796875, 0.9921875, -0.400390625, -0.107421875, -0.7421875, 0.3125, 1.5234375, -0.470703125, 0.1357421875, 0.68359375, -0.73046875, 0.53515625, -0.62890625, -0.98828125, 0.0751953125, -0.376953125, -0.92578125, 0.462890625, -0.8203125, 1.2890625, 0.16015625, -0.6640625, 0.404296875, 0.56640625, 0.87109375, 1.6953125, -2.140625, -1.0625, -0.1904296875, -0.4140625, 1.171875, 0.69921875, 0.78125, -0.451171875, 1.125, -0.7734375, 1.53125, 0.64453125, -0.27734375, -0.6328125, -1.0390625, -1.0078125, 0.1640625, -0.0966796875, 0.85546875, 1.890625, 0.032958984375, -0.486328125, -1.0859375, 1.5703125, -0.2392578125, -0.55078125, 0.703125, -0.30078125, -0.396484375, -1.0859375, 1.0703125, 0.625, 0.0126953125, 0.1953125, 0.64453125, 0.453125, 0.1953125, 0.671875, 1.0078125, 1.0234375, 0.25, -1.4296875, 0.2451171875, 0.7109375, -0.1015625, -0.66015625, 1.5390625, 0.068359375, -0.37109375, -0.61328125, 0.50390625, 0.88671875, 0.9140625, 1.1796875, 0.455078125, 1.1953125, -0.169921875, 0.34765625, 1.0234375, 0.703125, -0.2734375, -0.16015625, -0.404296875, 0.42578125, -0.275390625, 0.640625, -1.25, 0.3046875, -0.98046875, 0.11376953125, -0.267578125, -0.27734375, -0.578125, -0.87109375, -1.0546875, 0.44140625, -1.2890625, -1.59375, 0.373046875, -0.375, 0.11279296875, 1.1171875, 0.80859375, -0.291015625, 0.65625, 1.40625, -0.1357421875, -0.5546875, 0.28515625, -0.81640625, 1.1875, 0.734375, 0.703125, 1.21875, -2.203125, 0.953125, -0.2353515625, -1.5546875, 0.040283203125, 0.349609375, -0.431640625, -0.57421875, 0.2216796875, 0.5, 0.5859375, 1.4375, 0.7734375, -0.8203125, 1.6484375, 1.25, -0.2265625, -0.474609375, -0.12451171875, 0.0849609375, 2.515625, 0.310546875, -0.6796875, 0.004913330078125, 0.302734375, -0.6484375, 0.3203125, 0.55859375, 0.359375, -0.37890625, -0.2216796875, 0.8359375, 0.9765625, 0.392578125, -1.25, -0.96875, 0.94140625, -0.546875, -0.2412109375, -0.9296875, -1.1171875, 0.11572265625, -0.5, 1.140625, -0.98828125, -0.5546875, -0.4453125, 0.38671875, 0.8828125, -0.75390625, -0.052490234375, 0.78515625, -0.197265625, -0.000873565673828125, 0.26171875, 0.1884765625, -0.314453125, 0.33203125, 1.2421875, 0.6171875, -0.5078125, -0.7734375, -0.37890625, 1.40625, -1.09375, -0.8984375, -2.703125, 1.125, 0.11083984375, 0.08447265625, 0.28515625, 1.3359375, 0.1259765625, -0.5234375, -2.828125, 0.12451171875, 0.2216796875, -0.609375, 0.04736328125, 0.0284423828125, 1.5859375, 0.57421875, -0.515625, 0.86328125, -0.1943359375, -0.23828125, 0.53125, -0.91796875, -0.33984375, -0.5078125, -0.484375, 2.65625, -0.6875, -1.1328125, 1.0390625, -0.2177734375, 0.984375, -0.21875, -0.5703125, -0.58203125, 2.34375, 2.265625, -0.921875, 0.1416015625, -0.1220703125, 0.44921875, -1.5703125, -0.8203125, -0.482421875, -0.396484375, -0.1591796875, 1.5859375, 0.076171875, 0.73046875, 1.6640625, 0.33984375, 0.012451171875, 0.29296875, 0.6953125, -0.75, 0.59375, -0.4140625, -0.3671875, 0.70703125, 1.171875, -0.18359375, -0.2890625, 0.703125, -0.9140625, -0.2578125, -0.66796875, 0.64453125, -1.03125, -0.2099609375, -1.46875, 0.390625, -1.0859375, 0.427734375, -0.408203125, -1.4296875, 0.1416015625, -1.1875, -0.83203125, -0.310546875, -0.333984375, -0.84375, -0.0703125, -0.375, -0.345703125, 0.408203125, 0.33984375, 0.392578125, -0.33984375, -1.609375, -0.416015625, -0.50390625, -0.341796875, -1.8125, 0.279296875, -0.41796875, 0.6484375, -0.29296875, -0.99609375, -1.90625, -0.98046875, -1.359375, -0.6875, -0.10498046875, -0.6953125, -1.5859375, -0.00347900390625, 0.259765625, -0.1279296875, 0.33203125, 0.462890625, 1.640625, 0.0595703125, -1.3046875, 0.90625, -0.2890625, -1.015625, -1.1328125, -0.38671875, 1.625, 0.59765625, -0.1337890625, -0.86328125, -0.328125, 0.6875, 0.828125, 0.92578125, 0.1533203125, -1.5546875, -1.1171875, 0.77734375, -2.375, -0.8515625, -0.55859375, 0.609375, -0.8671875, 0.2890625, -0.46484375, -0.9765625, -1.671875, -0.5078125, -0.3125, 0.61328125, -1.0234375, -0.67578125, 1.015625, -0.52734375, -0.10595703125, 0.3671875, 0.515625, 1.421875, 0.6171875, -1.34375, -0.83203125, 0.44921875, 0.376953125, 0.9453125, -0.4375, -0.8125, -2.3125, 0.0400390625, 0.734375, 1.6640625, -0.82421875, -0.10693359375, 0.89453125, 1.8671875, -0.734375, -0.310546875, 1.2734375, -0.96875, 0.142578125, 0.154296875, 1.5234375, -0.55078125, 0.1865234375, -0.43359375, -0.96484375, -0.08935546875, 0.1884765625, 1.21875, -0.28515625, -0.6953125, 0.3203125, 0.326171875, 1.734375, -0.6484375, -0.91015625, -0.1640625, 0.84375, -0.408203125, 0.84765625, 0.298828125, 1.34375, 0.77734375, 0.5546875, -0.33984375, -0.431640625, 0.828125, 0.6640625, 0.1748046875, 0.69140625, -1.21875, 0.1376953125, 0.32421875, 0.302734375, 1.59375, -0.138671875, -1.0078125, -0.006988525390625, -0.69140625, 1.4296875, 1.1796875, 0.62109375, -0.83203125, -0.255859375, -0.77734375, -0.84765625, -0.31640625, 0.4609375, -0.51171875, -0.515625, -0.2734375, 0.1748046875, 0.52734375, -0.23046875, 0.21484375, -0.341796875, -0.57421875, -0.52734375, 2.03125, -0.55078125, -0.1328125, -0.87890625, -0.09228515625, 1.328125, -0.60546875, 2.65625, -1.0078125, -0.333984375, -0.16796875, -0.76171875, 0.8203125, -1.25, -0.2578125, 0.1337890625, 0.59765625, 0.1318359375, 0.62109375, -0.85546875, -0.263671875, 1, 0.2392578125, 0.26953125, 1.3515625, 1.0859375, -1.3515625, 0.15234375, 1.3515625, 0.71875, -0.392578125, -1.1484375, -0.4375, -1.015625, -0.953125, -0.9140625, -1.078125, -1.015625, 0.27734375, 0.63671875, 0.6953125, -1.53125, -0.388671875, 0.330078125, 0.69921875, -0.1689453125, 1.4921875, 0.9453125, -1.21875, 0.470703125, 1.03125, 0.28125, -0.51953125, 0.58203125, 1.1484375, 1.234375, 0.310546875, -1.4375, 0.91796875, 0.07373046875, 0.89453125, 1.0859375, -0.6171875, 1.0859375, -0.76953125, -0.333984375, -0.453125, -0.9375, 0.34765625, -0.34375, -0.734375, -1.1484375, 0.4375, 0.19140625, 1.5234375, 0.48046875, -0.1982421875, 1.2578125, -0.1435546875, 0.1728515625, 0.64453125, -2.21875, -1.953125, -0.87109375, 0.7109375, 0.0908203125, -0.8515625, 0.423828125, -2.34375, -0.443359375, 0.384765625, 1.8984375, -1.65625, -0.88671875, 1.0703125, 0.326171875, 0.076171875, 0.8671875, -0.265625, -1.25, 0.0037078857421875, -0.484375, -1.0625, -0.060546875, 1.203125, 1, 1.7578125, 0.1171875, -0.5859375, -0.2314453125, -0.70703125, -0.2734375, 1.5703125, 0.259765625, 0.220703125, 0.2109375, -0.185546875, 1.2421875, -0.62890625, -1.125, -0.10693359375, 0.5625, -0.76953125, 0.2412109375, 1.6796875, -0.1845703125, -0.466796875, 0.66015625, 1.7578125, 0.1435546875, -0.56640625, 0.21484375, -1.5703125, -0.388671875, -2.140625, 0.6875, 0.498046875, -0.2236328125, 0.443359375, -2.5, -1.75, -0.361328125, 1.21875, 0.375, 0.384765625, 0.89453125, 0.1474609375, 0.181640625, 0.640625, 1.4609375, -0.027587890625, -0.380859375, 0.37109375, 0.60546875, 1.1953125, -0.2216796875, -1.3046875, -1.2109375, -0.38671875, -1.3828125, 0.703125, 0.9453125, 0.1005859375, -0.07763671875, 0.2275390625, 1.1484375, 0.56640625, -0.45703125, 0.177734375, -1.8359375, -1.703125, -0.2255859375, 0.5703125, -0.423828125, 0.48828125, 0.1015625, -0.26953125, 0.5078125, 1.40625, 0.4609375, 0.66015625, 0.51171875, -1.671875, -0.201171875, 1.15625, -0.953125, 0.58203125, -0.7265625, -0.48828125, 1.15625, 0.2490234375, -0.466796875, 0.31640625, -0.125, -0.443359375, 0.5703125, 0.443359375, -0.71484375, 1.3515625, 0.1259765625, -0.71484375, 0.62890625, -0.1396484375, 2.296875, -0.2236328125, -1.171875, 1.2265625, -0.275390625, -0.0673828125, 0.703125, -0.58203125, -0.043212890625, -0.78125, -0.5, -0.8359375, 0.48828125, -2.40625, 1.078125, 1.84375, 0.6015625, 1.515625, 0.79296875, -0.439453125, -0.37109375, -0.0255126953125, -0.271484375, -1.296875, -0.028076171875, 0.89453125, 1.6953125, -0.81640625, 0.240234375, 0.044189453125, 0.7578125, 0.8828125, 2.359375, -1.5703125, -1.125, -1.546875, -1.1484375, 0.95703125, 1.1328125, 0.7890625, -0.419921875, 0.50390625, 0.404296875, -0.65625, -1.6015625, 0.75, -0.043212890625, -1.3828125, -0.9453125, -0.205078125, 0.08935546875, -0.76953125, 1.3671875, 0.07861328125, 2.234375, 0.6640625, 1.1796875, 0.7109375, -0.205078125, -0.8515625, 0.27734375, -1.2109375, -0.8984375, -0.78515625, 0.0142822265625, 0.6875, 0.486328125, 0.88671875, -0.9375, -0.322265625, -0.48046875, 0.328125, -0.107421875, -0.0233154296875, 0.41015625, 0.515625, -0.1943359375, 0.0712890625, 0.0869140625, 0.74609375, -0.05419921875, 0.48828125, -1.0546875, 1.4453125, 2.25, 0.41796875, 0.94921875, -0.70703125, -1.1328125, -0.369140625, 0.66796875, 0.6171875, -0.625, 0.2890625, 0.169921875, 0.703125, 0.12255859375, 0.84375, 0.208984375, -0.59375, 0.86328125, -0.76953125, -0.287109375, 0.69921875, -0.40234375, -0.97265625, 0.890625, 1.3671875, -1.375, 0.66015625, 0.263671875, 1.09375, -0.98046875, -1.0546875, -0.58203125, 0.05517578125, 1.4765625, 0.07080078125, 0.0927734375, 0.59765625, 0.1328125, -0.408203125, -0.69140625, 0.1826171875, -1.09375, 0.4375, -0.296875, 0.384765625, -0.07958984375, -1.71875, 1.7578125, 0.40625, 0.30078125, -0.283203125, -0.06982421875, -0.74609375, -1.9921875, 0.7890625, -0.59375, 0.59375, -0.765625, 0.87890625, 0.41796875, -0.4765625, -0.546875, -0.921875, 0.296875, -0.37890625, -0.244140625, 0.95703125, 1.1171875, -1.5390625, -0.69921875, -0.69140625, -1.4140625, -0.84765625, -0.08837890625, -0.001922607421875, -0.1884765625, 0.30078125, -1.1328125, -1.203125, -0.875, 1.421875, -0.88671875, -0.74609375, 1, 0.07861328125, 0.7578125, -0.0036163330078125, -0.6171875, -0.99609375, 1.09375, 0.0106201171875, -0.455078125, -0.10107421875, -0.46484375, 1.21875, 0.765625, -0.1171875, 0.4140625, -0.1416015625, 1.09375, 0.400390625, 0.6015625, -1.34375, 0.5546875, 0.43359375, -0.91796875, 0.380859375, 0.90234375, -1.125, 0.796875, 0.1416015625, -0.7421875, -0.255859375, 2.328125, -0.8046875, -0.53515625, -0.04345703125, 0.4375, -0.91796875, -0.515625, 0.33984375, -1.296875, -2.859375, 1.421875, -0.73828125, -0.95703125, -1.5859375, 0.4609375, -0.6171875, -0.83984375, 0.83984375, -0.70703125, 0.61328125, 1.015625, 0.421875, 0.94140625, 0.98828125, 0.13671875, -0.79296875, -0.87890625, -0.08154296875, -1.0390625, -0.76953125, -0.053466796875, 0.609375, 0.023193359375, -0.55859375, -0.65625, -0.3125, 0.3125, -0.90234375, 0.09521484375, 0.65625, 1.5390625, 0.90625, 0.43359375, 1.0234375, 0.87890625, 0.37890625, 0.84765625, 0.11083984375, -0.416015625, -0.07275390625, 0.216796875, -0.1416015625, 0.79296875, 0.26171875, 1.625, 0.65234375, -0.73828125, 0.4375, -0.6328125, -0.478515625, 2.265625, 0.8984375, 0.062255859375, -1.609375, 1.0234375, 0.03759765625, -1.4375, -0.77734375, -2.3125, -0.482421875, -1.0625, 0.181640625, -0.66796875, -1.296875, -0.35546875, 0.045654296875, 1.7734375, -0.330078125, 0.65625, -0.220703125, 0.32421875, -0.390625, -0.224609375, -0.27734375, -0.400390625, -1.8828125, -0.2001953125, -0.671875, -0.58203125, 0.9375, 1.015625, 0.5234375, -0.365234375, 0.81640625, 1.546875, -0.26171875, -1.4921875, -0.4609375, 0.640625, 1.859375, 0.53515625, 0.158203125, 0.42578125, -0.2275390625, 0.28515625, 0.7421875, 1.1484375, -0.12353515625, -0.2197265625, 0.1298828125, -0.08935546875, -1.0625, -0.28125, 0.251953125, -0.43359375, -1.015625, -0.6875, 0.361328125, 0.22265625, 1.0390625, -0.58203125, 0.2353515625, 0.197265625, 0.9296875, -0.158203125, -0.59765625, 0.439453125, -0.74609375, -0.154296875, 0.33984375, -0.06298828125, -1.2265625, 0.453125, -0.7734375, -0.9609375, 0.91015625, -0.498046875, 0.8203125, 1.3046875, -0.8046875, -0.9375, -0.41796875, 0.69140625, -1.84375, 1.46875, 0.265625, -1.1875, -0.83984375, 0.88671875, -0.51171875, 0.330078125, -0.83203125, 0.2890625, 0.29296875, -0.5546875, 0.0107421875, 0.97265625, -0.32421875, 0.96484375, -0.15234375, -0.10302734375, 0.1572265625, -1.8828125, -0.1337890625, 0.9375, -0.341796875, 0.376953125, 0.72265625, 0.5, -0.24609375, 0.71484375, 0.828125, -1.859375, 0.298828125, 0.8828125, -1.265625, -0.86328125, 0.265625, 0.00982666015625, -0.6328125, -0.396484375, -0.984375, -0.90625, 1.1015625, 0.34765625, 2.015625, -1.7890625, 0.8671875, -0.1181640625, -0.625, -0.5546875, -0.6796875, -0.09716796875, -1.1640625, -1.515625, 1.3515625, -0.140625, 1.203125, 0.65625, 0.251953125, -0.01324462890625, -0.2099609375, -0.89453125, -0.90234375, 0.9921875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534129766
Teaching Kids With Learning Difficulties in the Regular Classroom: Strategies and Techniques Every Teacher Can Use to Challenge and Motivate Struggling Students
This text presents practical teaching methods, strategies and techniques for meeting the needs of special education students, those labelled slow or remedial, and all others who struggle to learn in the mixed-abilities classroom.
[ 0.7265625, -0.396484375, -0.060791015625, -1.2421875, 0.255859375, -1.9296875, -0.216796875, 0.765625, 1.125, -0.22265625, -0.890625, 1.109375, 1.203125, -1.65625, -0.1875, 0.65625, -0.65625, -1.796875, 0.6015625, -1.640625, -0.396484375, 0.40234375, -2.515625, 1.625, -1.2265625, -0.30859375, -0.578125, -0.7421875, 1.546875, 0.60546875, 0.73046875, 2.21875, -0.5625, -0.349609375, 0.83203125, 0.90234375, -0.390625, 3.109375, -1.390625, 0.28125, 2.046875, -0.7890625, 2.28125, -0.302734375, -0.435546875, -0.09033203125, 1.2890625, 0.7109375, -1.453125, -1.09375, -1.859375, 0.62109375, 0.345703125, -0.58984375, 0.1689453125, 2.03125, -0.341796875, -0.63671875, -0.0067138671875, 1.1328125, -1.015625, -1.390625, -1.7578125, -0.76953125, 0.9140625, -0.1669921875, 0.91015625, -1.578125, 0.318359375, -0.30859375, 0.53125, 0.9375, 0.6171875, -1.28125, 1.0078125, -0.78125, 0.392578125, 0.21875, 0.20703125, 1.453125, 0.70703125, -0.369140625, 0.56640625, 0.1240234375, -1.046875, 0.86328125, 1.1953125, 0.87109375, -0.359375, -0.19921875, -0.326171875, -0.384765625, -2.59375, 1.6875, 0.2353515625, 2.21875, 1, 0.0211181640625, -0.765625, -0.080078125, 1.5390625, -0.1396484375, -0.025634765625, 2.875, -1.0390625, 1.828125, -0.24609375, 1.140625, -0.5625, -0.1357421875, 2.296875, -2, 0.2080078125, 2.296875, 1.1484375, -2.140625, 0.50390625, -0.62890625, 0.70703125, 0.376953125, 1.421875, -1.078125, 1.140625, -1.1953125, 1.703125, 0.43359375, -2.078125, -0.083984375, 0.2451171875, 0.396484375, 0.578125, 0.9765625, -1.234375, 1.1015625, -1.1328125, -0.984375, 1.4453125, 0.474609375, -1.671875, -0.8671875, -0.46875, 1.96875, 0.68359375, 0.07568359375, -0.310546875, 0.8984375, 0.498046875, 0.9140625, -0.3046875, 2.765625, -0.66796875, -1.125, -0.9296875, 2.671875, -0.390625, -0.455078125, -1.15625, 2.03125, -0.77734375, 0.265625, -0.24609375, 0.41015625, 0.95703125, -0.890625, 0.37109375, 0.04541015625, 1.1328125, -0.390625, 0.6953125, -0.75390625, -0.59765625, -0.8203125, -0.55859375, -0.072265625, 0.71484375, 0.76953125, -0.80859375, -1.6953125, 1.6484375, 0.06103515625, 1.671875, 0.9453125, 1.4765625, -1.15625, 0.80078125, -0.515625, -1.3125, -0.462890625, 0.39453125, -0.326171875, 0.7890625, -0.91796875, -1.4453125, 1.8984375, 0.9375, -3.0625, -0.84765625, 0.90625, 1.3203125, -0.80859375, -2.0625, 0.890625, 1.109375, 2.0625, 2.03125, 0.09228515625, 0.5625, -0.494140625, 0.1943359375, 3.015625, 0.1630859375, -1.921875, -1.09375, 0.287109375, 1.7890625, 0.921875, -1.4375, 0.265625, -2.6875, -1.96875, 0.98046875, 2, 0.51953125, 0.09814453125, -1.4140625, -0.8515625, 0.1455078125, -0.020751953125, -0.38671875, -0.3515625, 3.171875, 2.109375, -0.76171875, -0.2373046875, -2.09375, 1.3671875, 0.404296875, 0.85546875, -0.515625, -0.80078125, -0.0262451171875, -1.515625, 0.1923828125, -0.029052734375, 2.4375, 1.2578125, 1.5546875, -0.453125, 0.408203125, -0.06787109375, 0.75390625, -0.2158203125, 0.115234375, -0.54296875, 0.01708984375, 1.21875, -0.32421875, 1.609375, 1.890625, -2.109375, 0.75, 1.296875, -1.7734375, -1.7109375, -0.427734375, 0.58203125, -0.42578125, 0.1279296875, 0.1044921875, 0.33203125, 0.09375, -3.28125, -1.265625, 1.6484375, -0.03955078125, -2.125, -1.390625, -0.78515625, -1.078125, -0.302734375, 2.03125, -0.36328125, -1.609375, 2.703125, -1.71875, 0.60546875, 1.1171875, 0.146484375, -2.265625, 0.1904296875, -0.0169677734375, -2.421875, 0.1123046875, -0.423828125, 0.2158203125, -1.625, -1.7890625, 0.8671875, -1.140625, 0.61328125, 2.578125, 1.2421875, -1.390625, 0.6328125, 1.96875, 0.70703125, -1.234375, -0.1318359375, -0.02978515625, 0.73046875, -0.00164031982421875, 1.40625, -0.240234375, 0.451171875, 2.21875, 0.81640625, -1.421875, -0.41015625, 1.5, -0.07421875, 0.185546875, -0.12255859375, 0.052734375, -1.3359375, 0.275390625, -2.9375, -0.5546875, 0.62890625, -1.625, 0.90625, -1.0625, -0.5625, 1.6328125, 1.28125, -0.84765625, -0.30859375, -0.1259765625, -0.64453125, 1.6171875, -0.322265625, 2.234375, -1.578125, -1.9453125, -0.1279296875, 1.453125, -0.375, 0.0546875, -1.0625, -0.330078125, -0.271484375, 0.400390625, -1.453125, 1.0703125, -0.984375, -0.060302734375, -1.3359375, -0.86328125, -1.921875, 1.9296875, 1.5859375, 2.421875, -1.5546875, -0.515625, 1.15625, -0.80859375, 0.87890625, 1.65625, 1.1484375, -0.20703125, 0.04736328125, 0.451171875, 1.2265625, 0.302734375, 1.7109375, -0.44921875, 1.1875, -2.234375, -1.3125, 1.0234375, 1.140625, -1.7578125, 0.76953125, -1.15625, 2.53125, 2.53125, 0.6015625, 0.263671875, -1.3359375, -2.1875, 0.75, 1.2890625, -0.94921875, -1.8046875, 0.7421875, -0.96484375, 1.75, -0.1943359375, 0.07568359375, -0.625, -0.73828125, -0.0849609375, 0.236328125, 1.7265625, -0.232421875, 0.1787109375, 0.26953125, -0.796875, -0.0284423828125, 0.365234375, -0.61328125, 0.8046875, 0.384765625, -0.10595703125, 1.0078125, -0.267578125, -0.294921875, -0.7578125, -0.9765625, -1.4609375, -2.296875, -0.2451171875, -0.158203125, 0.51171875, -1.1640625, -0.125, -0.515625, 0.65625, 2.15625, 0.1025390625, -0.51171875, 1.5234375, -0.74609375, 0.98828125, -2.78125, 2.375, -0.057861328125, 1.234375, 0.97265625, -0.7265625, -0.10302734375, 0.50390625, -0.68359375, 0.4453125, 0.373046875, 1.90625, -0.59375, -0.053466796875, 2.34375, 1.6171875, -0.88671875, -0.84375, -0.462890625, -1.4296875, -0.95703125, 0.78125, 0.58984375, -0.07275390625, 0.296875, -1.1171875, 0.203125, 0.376953125, -0.1474609375, 0.12890625, -0.84375, 0.5078125, 0.0732421875, 0.4140625, 0.703125, -0.5078125, 1.6875, 0.19140625, 1.1953125, -2.640625, -1.640625, 0.2138671875, 1.390625, 0.546875, 0.1806640625, -0.154296875, -0.162109375, 2.1875, 0.44140625, 0.07666015625, -0.2392578125, -1.921875, -0.58984375, 1.4609375, 0.86328125, 2.28125, 0.4453125, 1.4921875, -1.1328125, -1.578125, 1.0625, 1.2890625, 0.40234375, 0.427734375, 1.96875, -0.9453125, 1.7421875, -1.7734375, -0.76953125, -1.515625, 0.99609375, -0.2578125, 0.9609375, -0.4453125, -0.8515625, -1.734375, 1.1171875, 0.40625, 2.296875, -1.5, -0.296875, -1.1328125, 1.1640625, 0.5234375, -0.94140625, -1.7578125, -0.353515625, 0.462890625, -2.46875, -0.474609375, -0.50390625, -0.042236328125, 0.75, 0.875, 0.2412109375, -1.6796875, -0.74609375, 2.453125, -0.5546875, 0.05078125, -0.038330078125, -0.796875, -2.21875, -1.1171875, -0.0301513671875, 0.435546875, 0.76953125, -0.7578125, -0.93359375, 0.16796875, 0.193359375, 1.5390625, 0.25390625, 1.484375, 1.0390625, 1.03125, 0.2275390625, -2.046875, 0.365234375, 0.1484375, -0.357421875, 1.25, 2.8125, -0.58203125, -0.375, -1.15625, -1.8046875, 0.1376953125, -1.296875, 0.85546875, 0.06396484375, 0.99609375, -0.51171875, -0.0546875, -2.9375, 0.6015625, -0.38671875, -0.0234375, 0.35546875, -0.1435546875, 1.3515625, 1.578125, -1.4921875, -1.2890625, 0.53515625, -0.6328125, -1.265625, 2.296875, 0.87890625, -1.4140625, 2.390625, 0.048828125, -0.2890625, -0.72265625, 2.234375, -0.7265625, 0.2421875, -0.5703125, -0.44921875, 1.921875, 0.208984375, 0.421875, 1.0546875, 1.2109375, 1.25, 1.5703125, 0.6328125, -2.015625, 0.000453948974609375, 1.171875, 0.609375, -1.09375, 0.1103515625, 0.1279296875, 0.154296875, 1.390625, -0.45703125, 1.59375, 0.70703125, -1.203125, 1.234375, -0.162109375, -1.0390625, 0.734375, -0.328125, 0.0830078125, 0.25390625, -1.5390625, -0.0277099609375, 0.2294921875, 0.8515625, 0.09228515625, -1.9765625, 1.1171875, -1.484375, 0.84375, 1.375, -1.515625, 0.478515625, 1.2734375, -2.65625, 0.62109375, -1.46875, -2.203125, -1.7890625, 0.439453125, -1.6953125, 0.57421875, 0.049560546875, -1.140625, 1.421875, 1.5625, 0.57421875, -1.421875, 0.2353515625, 0.2080078125, 0.3359375, -1.1640625, 1.640625, 0.1640625, -2.109375, 1.9296875, 0.001251220703125, -1.625, -1.921875, 0.140625, 0.61328125, 0.00555419921875, -1.4140625, -0.1142578125, -0.85546875, 2.421875, 2.828125, -0.1923828125, 0.71484375, -0.1669921875, 1.328125, 1.203125, 0.2041015625, -2.03125, 1.5859375, -2.78125, 0.875, -1.265625, 1.421875, -2.265625, -0.08837890625, 1.46875, -1.953125, -3.296875, -0.470703125, 0.890625, 0.361328125, -0.01531982421875, 0.609375, 0.8984375, 1.7109375, -0.1728515625, 0.478515625, 0.0986328125, -0.89453125, 0.80859375, 2, -0.498046875, -0.66796875, 2.359375, -0.921875, 1.515625, 0.490234375, 0.291015625, 0.263671875, 0.6640625, 0.08251953125, -0.78125, -0.9765625, -1.3515625, -0.275390625, 0.26953125, 0.98046875, -0.1943359375, 1.0234375, 0.8984375, 0.73828125, 2.015625, -1.078125, -1.203125, 0.60546875, -0.470703125, 1.0390625, 0.5703125, 0.46875, -1.2734375, 0.21875, -0.314453125, 0.482421875, -0.302734375, 1.34375, 0.1513671875, -2.1875, 0.359375, -1.59375, -0.1494140625, 0.60546875, 1.78125, 1.03125, 0.59765625, 1.109375, -0.248046875, 0.39453125, -1.765625, 0.4921875, 0.375, -1.2109375, -1.890625, -2.4375, 0.3828125, -0.412109375, 0.65234375, 1.3125, -1.96875, 0.46484375, -0.0791015625, 0.162109375, -1.78125, -1.7109375, 0.049560546875, -0.1572265625, -0.53125, -1.46875, 0.45703125, 0.337890625, -0.30078125, -1.046875, -0.2119140625, -1.7890625, -0.38671875, 3.015625, -2.578125, -2.46875, 1.5078125, -1.5078125, 0.408203125, -0.4609375, 2.078125, 0.1806640625, 0.49609375, 0.154296875, -0.83203125, -0.1845703125, -1.015625, -1.4765625, -0.337890625, -0.478515625, 0.87890625, 1.765625, -1.1953125, 0.69140625, -0.578125, -1.5234375, -0.44921875, 0.44140625, 0.043212890625, -0.67578125, 0.8359375, 0.419921875, -0.1728515625, 1.1953125, 1.3828125, -1.3984375, 1.5390625, 0.8671875, -0.91796875, 1.5625, 0.734375, -0.32421875, 0.470703125, 0.859375, 1.015625, -2.421875, 3.3125, 0.330078125, -1, -1.0234375, -0.1708984375, 0.12255859375, 1.2890625, 0.4921875, -0.9453125, -0.66015625, -0.31640625, 0.80859375, -0.82421875, -0.416015625, -1.84375, 0.95703125, -1.9453125, 1.40625, -0.1435546875, -0.392578125, -1.1328125, -1.46875, 0.765625, 0.044921875, 1.4921875, 0.23828125, 0.6328125, 2.265625, 0.4609375, 0.5, 0.455078125, 0.9921875, -1.8203125, -2.828125, -1.0390625, -1.203125, 0.005096435546875, -0.70703125, -0.2578125, -1.078125, 2.0625, -0.65234375, 0.19921875, 0.66796875, -0.5, 0.92578125, 1.234375, 0.6796875, 0.1279296875, 1.1796875, -0.30859375, 2.859375, 0.63671875, -0.56640625, -0.0172119140625, -0.80859375, 0.6171875, 1.5703125, -1.390625, -1.6328125, 0.0164794921875, 1.203125, 0.00872802734375, 0.2158203125, -1.3125, 1.2109375, -1.21875, 0.326171875, -0.60546875, 0.404296875, 1.0390625, -0.58984375, -1.1875, -0.515625, 1.09375, 0.87109375, -2.296875, -0.8203125, 0.90234375, -1.1796875, -0.9296875, -1.34375, -1.6171875, -0.80078125, -0.3359375, -1.1796875, 0.0693359375, 1.9921875, -0.84375, -1.109375, 0.00063323974609375, 3.078125, -0.46484375, 0.0771484375, -1.4453125, 0.62890625, -0.37109375, -1.3203125, 0.059326171875, 1.171875, -0.7890625, -1.015625, 1.0859375, -0.52734375, 1.3515625, 0.462890625, 1.1328125, -0.466796875, 0.609375, 0.5078125, -0.203125, -0.07373046875, -1.0234375, 1.21875, -1.1015625, 1.1328125, -0.75, -0.73046875, 0.0245361328125, -0.8359375, 1.359375, 1.4609375, -0.2421875, -0.154296875, 0.49609375, 0.84765625, 0.796875, -0.1630859375, 0.81640625, 2.078125, -0.50390625, 1.5546875, -0.765625, 2.484375, -0.181640625, -0.98828125, -0.08203125, 0.0771484375, 1.03125, -0.10205078125, -0.53515625, -0.61328125, -0.0556640625, -0.6484375, -0.474609375, -0.236328125, 0.9765625, -0.361328125, -0.228515625, 0.00130462646484375, -3.765625, 0.40234375, -0.30859375, -1, 1.3359375, 0.64453125, 0.34765625, -0.82421875, -1.1171875, 0.357421875, -0.859375, 0.80078125, -0.6328125, 1.21875, -0.703125, -0.251953125, 1.375, 1.875, 1.171875, 0.2216796875, 2.4375, 1.1875, -0.85546875, 0.5234375, -0.7734375, -1.078125, 0.036865234375, -0.259765625, 0.73828125, -1.1328125, -0.0218505859375, -1.6171875, 0.7421875, 0.640625, 0.9296875, 0.001800537109375, -3.34375, -0.41796875, -0.0150146484375, -1.265625, 0.9296875, 1.3984375, 1.3203125, 0.66796875, 0.5546875, 0.17578125, 0.953125, -0.16796875, 0.189453125, 0.3046875, 0.05615234375, -0.23828125, -1.6015625, -1.21875, 1.1328125, 1.015625, 0.68359375, 1.7734375, -0.98046875, -1.09375, -0.93359375, 2.703125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534241508
The clinical value of peak nasal inspiratory flow, peak oral inspiratory flow, and the nasal patency index
The aim of this study was to ascertain the most reliable objective measurement for the assessment of nasal patency by investigating the relationship between peak nasal inspiratory flow, peak oral inspiratory flow, and the nasal patency index in relation to the patient's subjective perception regarding nasal obstruction.Prospective cohort study.This study included 131 volunteers of both genders, aged 18 years or older, with or without nasal symptoms, who were able to give informed consent, completed the study protocol, and could speak and write Dutch fluently. Peak nasal inspiratory flow and peak oral inspiratory flow were performed and nasal patency index was computed. The results were evaluated and compared with the subjective perception of nasal passage, using the validated Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale and visual analog scale for nasal passage.Our study showed that peak nasal inspiratory flow, nasal patency index and nasal patency visual analog scale correlate with the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale in contrast to peak oral inspiratory flow. Peak nasal inspiratory flow and nasal patency index also showed significant association with the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale after adjustment for confounders.Peak nasal inspiratory flow is the most reliable method for the assessment of nasal patency. It is quick, inexpensive, and easy to perform, and correlates significantly with the subjective feeling of nasal obstruction. There is no clinical need to measure peak oral inspiratory flow or to calculate the nasal patency index in the evaluation of nasal patency.4
[ 0.7578125, 0.625, 0.55078125, -2.359375, -0.044921875, -1.796875, -2.203125, 0.98828125, 0.08154296875, -0.00933837890625, 0.0206298828125, 0.228515625, 0.79296875, -0.58203125, 1.140625, 1.234375, -0.5390625, -0.51953125, 0.04833984375, -0.7265625, 0.408203125, -0.34765625, -1.71875, -0.59765625, -0.061279296875, 1.0078125, 0.0096435546875, -1.4453125, -1.15625, -0.80078125, -0.294921875, 0.38671875, -1.5703125, -0.03076171875, -0.07470703125, 0.65234375, 0.0732421875, 1.375, -0.16015625, 0.244140625, 0.75390625, -1.015625, 0.25390625, -0.466796875, -0.1435546875, 0.2451171875, -0.95703125, -0.9453125, -0.6796875, -1.1328125, -0.9296875, -0.80078125, 1.7421875, -0.76953125, -0.34765625, 1.0546875, -0.283203125, -0.31640625, 0.41015625, -0.5703125, 0.1826171875, -1.25, 0.60546875, 0.484375, 0.48828125, -0.7265625, -0.546875, 0.765625, -0.205078125, 0.70703125, -0.283203125, 0.94921875, 0.05517578125, 1.2421875, 2.28125, 0.73828125, 0.64453125, 0.68359375, 0.78125, 0.11083984375, 0.8828125, 0.3671875, -1.109375, 0.83203125, 0.546875, 1.109375, -0.0927734375, 1.6484375, 0.5703125, 0.7578125, 0.00860595703125, 0.82421875, -0.72265625, -0.97265625, 0.1689453125, -0.0218505859375, -0.09033203125, -1.234375, -0.46875, 0.65625, -1.1015625, -0.26171875, -1.1171875, -1.4375, -0.9609375, 0.2431640625, -1.546875, -0.1455078125, -1.171875, -0.287109375, 0.7578125, 1.1484375, -0.04150390625, 0.486328125, -0.98046875, 0.79296875, 0.4921875, 0.306640625, 0.6953125, 0.392578125, -0.416015625, -0.5546875, -0.017822265625, 0.2275390625, 0.796875, 0.74609375, -0.953125, 0.34375, 0.173828125, -0.310546875, -1.4609375, 0.412109375, -0.189453125, 0.298828125, -0.2099609375, -0.828125, 0.578125, -0.03759765625, -0.6484375, 1.1171875, -0.04296875, 1.5390625, -0.408203125, -0.81640625, -2.390625, -0.014892578125, 1.3828125, 0.6953125, -0.78515625, -0.3125, 0.62890625, -1.21875, -1.0234375, -0.166015625, 0.51953125, -0.07421875, -0.1484375, 1.40625, 0.671875, 0.26171875, -0.26953125, -0.09814453125, 0.76953125, -0.7109375, -0.4921875, 0.53515625, -1.046875, -0.283203125, 0.2109375, -0.26171875, -0.87109375, -1.109375, -0.42578125, -0.8359375, 0.74609375, -0.60546875, -1.3515625, 0.0341796875, -0.2265625, -0.365234375, 0.11865234375, 0.6875, -0.6328125, 0.92578125, 0.2080078125, 1.0703125, -0.1943359375, 1.0078125, -1.9453125, 1.4453125, 0.5546875, -1.1875, -1.9609375, -0.08935546875, 0.201171875, -0.86328125, 0.298828125, 0.64453125, 0.19140625, -0.0186767578125, -2.03125, 0.9765625, 0.6875, 0.51171875, 0.11767578125, 1.8671875, 0.220703125, 0.1142578125, 1.3984375, 0.96484375, -0.490234375, -0.6484375, -0.3671875, -0.314453125, -0.10888671875, 1.1640625, -0.5625, 0.390625, 0.58984375, -2.28125, 1.7265625, -0.828125, 0.5234375, 0.83203125, 0.287109375, 0.39453125, 0.87109375, -0.07275390625, 0.9609375, 0.48046875, 0.58203125, -0.263671875, 0.64453125, 0.921875, -2.09375, -0.326171875, 1.1328125, 1.6015625, 0.69140625, 0.640625, -0.396484375, 1.2734375, -0.3203125, 1.2109375, 0.330078125, 0.90625, 2.65625, -0.291015625, -0.69140625, 1.328125, 0.6796875, -0.4921875, -0.2265625, 0.66796875, -0.6328125, 0.3828125, 0.578125, -0.404296875, 1.0234375, -0.71484375, -0.51953125, 0.4453125, -0.423828125, 0.3984375, 0.55859375, -1.5703125, -0.2490234375, -0.49609375, -0.7734375, 0.306640625, -0.38671875, 0.453125, -0.734375, -0.408203125, 0.455078125, 0.087890625, 0.490234375, 0.62890625, -0.1943359375, 0.8359375, -1.484375, -1.3828125, 0.59765625, -1.125, 1.0703125, 0.337890625, -0.275390625, 1.8828125, -1.8125, -0.71484375, -0.54296875, -1.5234375, -0.6171875, 1.0546875, 0.73046875, -0.33203125, 0.5625, 1.96875, -0.55078125, 0.47265625, 0.62890625, 0.6796875, 0.048583984375, -0.474609375, 0.2236328125, -1.203125, -0.796875, -0.2734375, -0.05126953125, 0.55078125, -0.50390625, 0.3515625, -1.1015625, 1.953125, 1.015625, -0.26171875, -0.86328125, -1.2890625, 0.828125, 0.54296875, -0.01708984375, -0.003997802734375, -0.54296875, -0.41796875, -0.1357421875, -0.73828125, -0.2099609375, -0.431640625, -0.796875, -0.625, 1.5703125, -0.54296875, 0.5859375, -0.267578125, -1.5859375, 1.515625, -1.5, 0.330078125, 0.357421875, 0.40234375, 0.94921875, -0.9296875, -1.8828125, -1.0859375, 0.6875, -1.265625, 1.125, 0.0245361328125, 1.5859375, -0.99609375, 1.4609375, 1.46875, 1.09375, -1.7734375, -0.07177734375, 0.625, 1.0234375, -0.87109375, 0.65625, -0.0201416015625, -0.65234375, -0.310546875, -0.341796875, 0.45703125, -1.5, 0.421875, 0.053955078125, -0.83984375, -0.546875, 0.185546875, 1.0703125, 0.1708984375, -0.60546875, 0.287109375, 0.35546875, 0.020263671875, -1.125, 0.3359375, -0.71484375, 0.5078125, -0.482421875, 0.63671875, 0.150390625, 0.337890625, 0.62890625, 0.80859375, 1.0234375, -0.43359375, 0.2275390625, 1.578125, -0.443359375, 0.63671875, -1.296875, 0.1884765625, -0.9453125, 0.9296875, 0.6875, 0.66796875, -0.19921875, -1.1953125, -0.25, 0.2353515625, 0.92578125, 0.4921875, -0.62109375, 0.71484375, -0.87109375, -0.9765625, -0.1435546875, 0.2373046875, -1.0546875, -0.765625, 0.365234375, -0.890625, 0.5703125, 0.03125, 1.7109375, 0.396484375, 0.29296875, -1.3046875, 1.1328125, -0.1357421875, -0.1337890625, 0.462890625, -0.2294921875, -0.5, 0.06396484375, 1.28125, -2.25, -0.44140625, 0.59375, 0.84375, 0.265625, -0.62890625, -0.9453125, -1.8984375, 1.6328125, 0.35546875, -0.2138671875, 0.400390625, 0.53515625, -1.015625, 1.1484375, 0.84765625, 1.5390625, 2.09375, 0.9140625, -0.09423828125, 0.8671875, 0.9453125, 0.37890625, -0.5234375, -0.953125, -0.8046875, -0.38671875, 0.291015625, -2.09375, 0.474609375, -0.43359375, -0.2734375, 0.0732421875, -1.578125, 0.0908203125, 0.92578125, -0.1962890625, -0.72265625, 0.443359375, 0.244140625, 0.546875, 0.392578125, 0.291015625, -0.6484375, -0.294921875, -0.69140625, 1.171875, 1.0078125, -1.3515625, 0.146484375, 0.875, 1.2734375, 1.1484375, -0.62890625, -1.109375, 0.435546875, -0.458984375, 0.50390625, -0.82421875, -1.1953125, 0.57421875, -1.921875, 0.396484375, 1.0546875, -0.125, 1.078125, 1.0625, -0.318359375, 0.318359375, 0.34375, -1.3203125, 0.89453125, 0.01385498046875, 0.1552734375, -2.265625, 0.193359375, 0.796875, 1.4296875, -0.2314453125, 0.376953125, -2.03125, -0.0634765625, 0.447265625, 0.5, -0.025146484375, -0.10986328125, 0.69921875, -0.63671875, 0.765625, 0.5078125, -0.66796875, 0.0028228759765625, 2, -1.09375, -0.6953125, 0.62109375, 0.392578125, 0.83984375, 0.97265625, -0.89453125, 1.140625, 0.94140625, -0.01043701171875, 0.322265625, -0.8984375, 1.09375, -0.671875, -0.361328125, 0.171875, 1.1484375, 0.76953125, -0.330078125, -0.67578125, -0.32421875, -0.73046875, 0.19140625, 2.578125, 0.07080078125, -0.58984375, -0.0673828125, -0.2080078125, 0.041748046875, -0.1015625, 2.390625, -0.34765625, 0.34375, -1.3203125, -0.3203125, -0.2734375, -1.0703125, 0.41015625, -0.0306396484375, -0.60546875, -0.83203125, 0.56640625, 1.1171875, 0.640625, 0.99609375, -0.1455078125, 0.048583984375, 0.78125, 1.4609375, 0.1279296875, -0.2890625, -0.392578125, 0.021484375, 2.0625, -1.453125, -0.609375, -1.0859375, -0.98046875, 0.2041015625, 0.671875, 0.63671875, -0.2451171875, 2.375, 0.08935546875, -0.11669921875, 1.3828125, -0.33984375, -0.7421875, -0.30078125, -1.1875, -0.79296875, 0.76171875, -0.5703125, 0.2421875, 0.921875, 1.515625, 1.53125, 0.23046875, -0.259765625, 0.60546875, 1.25, 0.0380859375, 1.125, -1.109375, 0.0947265625, -0.046875, 0.8828125, -0.50390625, 0.197265625, -1.515625, -0.96875, 0.23046875, 0.1708984375, 1.3515625, -0.78125, 0.1455078125, 1.3828125, -0.703125, -0.87109375, -0.12255859375, 0.0576171875, -0.640625, 1.359375, -0.412109375, -0.44140625, 0.380859375, -1.3828125, -0.0888671875, 1.796875, -1.859375, 0.94140625, -1.0859375, -1.09375, -0.1279296875, 0.53125, -0.037841796875, 1.0078125, 1.2421875, -0.06591796875, 0.26953125, 0.65234375, -0.3828125, -1.6640625, 0.57421875, 0.74609375, -1.9140625, -0.8046875, 0.7109375, 1.15625, -1.765625, 0.0150146484375, -0.1416015625, -0.44140625, -0.421875, 0.72265625, 0.5625, -0.349609375, -0.51953125, -0.52734375, 1.4921875, 0.447265625, 0.84375, -1.234375, 1.4765625, 1.421875, -0.41015625, 0.60546875, -0.6875, 0.3125, -1.2421875, -1.1484375, -0.126953125, 0.96875, -0.40234375, 0.1669921875, -1.09375, 1.890625, 0.279296875, 1.1875, -0.10888671875, 0.63671875, -1.1953125, -0.0498046875, 1.09375, -0.3125, 0.48046875, 0.044677734375, 1.1171875, -0.55078125, -0.96875, -0.7421875, 1.5234375, 0.8359375, 1.828125, 0.458984375, 0.419921875, -0.6796875, -0.66796875, -0.5, 0.734375, 0.224609375, 0.8125, 0.09765625, -0.490234375, -1.375, 1.65625, 0.609375, -2.296875, 2.140625, 0.010498046875, 1.640625, 0.1904296875, -0.0908203125, 0.48046875, 0.2001953125, 0.150390625, -0.494140625, -0.251953125, -0.14453125, 0.71484375, 1.4375, -0.08056640625, -0.263671875, 1.3984375, -0.13671875, -0.24609375, 1.4375, -0.83203125, 0.62890625, 0.89453125, -1.265625, 0.328125, 0.0162353515625, -0.33984375, -0.6796875, 0.6875, -0.1328125, -0.28125, 1.7109375, -0.9921875, 0.72265625, -0.212890625, 0.78125, -0.2470703125, 0.59375, -0.6953125, -1.4609375, 0.4921875, -1.90625, 0.310546875, 0.1552734375, -0.216796875, 0.458984375, 0.515625, -0.1240234375, -1.2109375, -0.88671875, 0.05859375, -0.5625, 0.94140625, -0.51953125, 1.0859375, -0.09619140625, 0.5234375, 0.353515625, -0.796875, -0.8046875, -0.388671875, 0.68359375, -0.8515625, -0.66796875, 0.80078125, -0.091796875, 0.68359375, -0.59375, 0.6171875, -0.45703125, -0.134765625, 0.330078125, -0.1708984375, -1.0078125, 0.1025390625, 0.1767578125, -1.0546875, -1.3515625, 0.42578125, -1, -0.2099609375, -0.4765625, -1.140625, 0.41796875, -1.109375, -1.03125, -0.6171875, 0.38671875, 0.007049560546875, 0.318359375, -0.2314453125, 0.328125, 0.384765625, 0.875, 0.84375, -1, 0.1396484375, 0.396484375, -0.138671875, 0.390625, -0.0595703125, 0.44140625, 1.703125, -0.2353515625, 0.298828125, -0.1982421875, -1.1015625, 0.263671875, 0.1513671875, -1.390625, -0.08935546875, -0.205078125, -1.4609375, 1.578125, 0.59375, -0.0257568359375, -0.486328125, 0.048828125, -0.142578125, 1.0234375, -1.0859375, 1.5703125, 0.33984375, -1.2734375, -1.046875, 0.0302734375, 0.765625, -0.65625, -0.10302734375, 0.0966796875, 1.1484375, 0.7734375, 0.318359375, 1.84375, -0.12158203125, 0.7421875, -0.384765625, -1.359375, -0.037109375, 0.12060546875, -0.1494140625, -0.1748046875, 0.1552734375, -1, 0.047607421875, -0.30078125, 0.79296875, -1.09375, 0.369140625, -1.03125, 1.3203125, 0.255859375, 0.291015625, -0.028076171875, 2.078125, 2.796875, -0.98828125, -0.08837890625, 0.59765625, -1.46875, 0.212890625, -0.578125, -0.400390625, 0.78515625, 0.038330078125, 0.765625, 0.0123291015625, 0.3046875, -0.30859375, -1.21875, -0.60546875, 3.40625, 0.40234375, -0.038330078125, 0.1240234375, -0.63671875, 0.06884765625, -0.60546875, -1.4921875, 0.8203125, -0.625, -0.65625, -0.130859375, 0.10791015625, -1.59375, -0.6171875, -0.1943359375, 1.09375, -1.1328125, -0.32421875, 0.6015625, 0.0004177093505859375, 0.134765625, -0.40234375, -0.28125, 1.2265625, -0.447265625, 1.875, -2.203125, 1, 0.0145263671875, 1.3046875, -0.87109375, -0.8828125, -0.318359375, 1.0703125, 1.171875, -1.2734375, 0.828125, -0.77734375, 0.01904296875, -0.609375, 1.1875, 1.28125, 0.466796875, -0.81640625, -1.03125, 0.5, -0.3203125, 0.00701904296875, 0.412109375, -0.62109375, -1.2265625, 0.1025390625, -0.5390625, 0.40234375, -1.3125, -0.6484375, 0.1953125, -2.046875, 0.828125, -1.296875, -0.033935546875, 0.37890625, 1.046875, -0.318359375, -1.015625, -1.0859375, 0.00592041015625, -2.09375, -0.11572265625, -0.1630859375, -0.0654296875, -0.87890625, 0.609375, -0.7421875, 0.466796875, -0.384765625, -0.47265625, -0.08056640625, 0.46875, -0.10986328125, -1.234375, 0.9609375, -0.7890625, 1.265625, -0.54296875, -0.859375, -1.53125, 0.11181640625, 1.0078125, 0.375, -0.85546875, 0.380859375, -0.77734375, 0.1357421875, -0.1982421875, -0.486328125, -0.19140625, -0.15234375, 0.43359375, 0.71875, 1.46875, 1.734375, 0.76953125, -0.1298828125, -0.87890625, 0.765625, -0.0634765625, 0.7421875, 0.5078125, -0.376953125, 1.3984375, -0.62890625, -1.5859375, 0.2197265625, 0.640625, 0.1259765625, 0.08154296875, 1.265625, -0.8046875, 0.1513671875, -1.09375, -0.025146484375, 0.890625, 1.546875, 2.03125, -0.3046875, -0.057373046875, 0.92578125, 0.38671875, -0.890625, -0.55078125, 0.337890625, 0.734375, -1.1171875, 0.6328125, 1.5703125, 0.54296875, 0.27734375, -0.23828125, 1.0546875, -0.515625, -0.58203125, 0.142578125, 2.15625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534252703
Humanoid robot and its application possibility
Research on humanoid robots has become a very active area. The Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) has run the Humanoid Robotics Project since 1998 with Prof. Hirochika Inoue, the University of Tokyo, as the leader and the Manufacturing Science and Technology Center (MSTC) as the project secretary. It was carried out with the participation of Intelligent Systems Institute/AIST, University of Tokyo and several companies. There were two major missions of the project. The first is application research, which entails finding a promising application of humanoid robots that can initialize mass production in the humanoid robot industry. In application research, five applications of humanoid robots, i.e. maintenance tasks of industrial plants, security services of home and office, human care, teleoperations of construction machines, and cooperative work in the open air were explored. The second is platform research, which entails developing a practical humanoid experimental platform with an open software structure that can be used by various researchers and engineers aiming to develop new humanoid functions and/or new practical applications. In order to use the experimental platform for application research, platform research began earlier than application research. In the first two years of the project period, the research efforts were concentrated on platform research and two types of humanoid platform, HRP-1 and HRP-1S based on Honda P3 were developed together with a humanoid simulator and a remote control cockpit. In the following three years, by using the two platforms, application research was carried out and the third humanoid platform, HRP-2, was developed.
[ -0.2578125, 0.76171875, 1.390625, -0.84375, -0.052490234375, -0.0150146484375, -2.609375, 0.984375, 0.8046875, -0.267578125, -0.671875, 1.390625, 0.2734375, -0.578125, 1.359375, 0.2275390625, -0.5546875, -0.1396484375, -0.62109375, 0.5, -1.171875, -0.46484375, -2.3125, 0.2021484375, 1.1171875, 2.421875, 0.3125, -2.8125, -0.390625, 0.7265625, 0.8984375, 0.416015625, -1.4296875, -0.640625, 0.18359375, 0.18359375, -0.1767578125, 0.41015625, 1.2109375, -0.0021209716796875, 0.5546875, -0.3359375, 0.95703125, 1.515625, -1.921875, 0.03369140625, -0.07080078125, -0.88671875, 0.41015625, -0.16015625, -1.03125, 1.2734375, 0.765625, -1.015625, -0.953125, 1.5390625, 0.1806640625, 1.5703125, 0.13671875, 0.953125, 0.59765625, -0.47265625, 0.50390625, -1.046875, -0.671875, 0.130859375, -0.0234375, 0.41796875, -1.8671875, 1.328125, -0.1455078125, -0.30859375, -1.796875, 0.1044921875, 1.2421875, 0.84375, -0.2216796875, -0.251953125, 0.23046875, -1.0546875, 0.8515625, -0.412109375, 1.3984375, 0.279296875, -2.078125, 1.234375, -1.0234375, 2.328125, 1.1640625, 1.765625, 0.4609375, -0.482421875, -2.03125, -0.008544921875, 0.98046875, 1.0546875, -0.185546875, -0.34375, -0.41015625, 0.76171875, -0.41015625, 1.078125, -2.1875, 0.15625, 0.140625, 0.11962890625, -0.80078125, 0.455078125, -0.859375, 0.6015625, -0.09814453125, -0.05029296875, -0.53515625, -0.703125, 0.62890625, -1.3828125, 0.3984375, 0.66015625, -0.126953125, -0.7578125, 1.171875, -1.0625, -0.2080078125, -0.1884765625, 2.546875, 0.76171875, -0.51953125, 1.2890625, -0.71875, 0.234375, 1.4765625, 1.0625, -1.3671875, -1.53125, 0.498046875, -1.2578125, 1.265625, 1.5546875, 0.5859375, -0.55859375, 0.11767578125, 0.94921875, -0.38671875, -1.2265625, -1.03125, -0.1259765625, 2.484375, 0.396484375, -0.4765625, 1.078125, -2.59375, 0.5625, -3.046875, 1.4765625, 0.85546875, -0.1806640625, -0.373046875, 3.625, 0.8671875, -1.2578125, -0.515625, -0.421875, 1.34375, -0.578125, 0.73828125, -0.283203125, -0.84765625, -1.125, 0.63671875, 0.98046875, -0.70703125, -0.953125, -1.7265625, -0.291015625, 2.03125, -0.2294921875, -1.6640625, -0.205078125, 1.09375, -0.341796875, 0.7734375, 0.16796875, -0.0286865234375, -0.78515625, 0.57421875, -0.365234375, -0.79296875, -1.5546875, -0.7109375, 0.6328125, -0.5, -0.8515625, -1.4375, 2.375, -0.40234375, -0.36328125, -0.7265625, 1.9453125, 0.1904296875, -0.1865234375, -1.53125, -0.24609375, 0.76171875, 0.1201171875, 1.3359375, -2.015625, 0.1416015625, 0.76953125, 1.6328125, 0.94921875, -1.03125, 0.1943359375, 0.31640625, 0.8046875, -0.023681640625, -1.1953125, -0.3984375, 3.171875, -1.671875, -0.625, 2.390625, 1.2265625, -0.310546875, -1.0625, -0.35546875, -1.296875, 0.484375, 1.265625, -2.078125, -0.62109375, 0.154296875, -0.2412109375, -2.03125, -0.8203125, -0.09228515625, 0.1455078125, 0.72265625, 2.1875, 0.5625, -0.01519775390625, 0.7265625, -0.08154296875, -0.78125, 2, 1.4609375, -0.734375, 1.1875, -1.1640625, -1.375, -1.3515625, 1.7890625, -0.125, -0.7578125, 1.0703125, 0.58203125, -0.2041015625, -0.220703125, 0.75, 0.359375, -1.4921875, -0.09619140625, 1.515625, -0.77734375, -1.109375, -1.15625, -0.431640625, 0.6796875, 1.6328125, -1.3515625, -1.421875, 0.443359375, 0.1142578125, 0.40234375, 1.21875, -2.359375, 1.9609375, -1.8359375, -0.119140625, -0.369140625, 0.0908203125, -0.61328125, 0.80859375, -1.1640625, 0.318359375, -0.4609375, 2.046875, 1.5078125, 1.90625, -0.37109375, -0.484375, -0.039794921875, -0.474609375, -1.6796875, -0.86328125, -1.4453125, -0.94921875, 0.5234375, 1.484375, 1, 0.17578125, 0.73046875, 2.34375, 0.32421875, -0.8046875, 0.97265625, -0.25, -1.5, -2.71875, 1.3125, 1.328125, 0.043701171875, 0.1943359375, -1.484375, -0.04541015625, 0.310546875, 1.5078125, 0.96484375, -0.1318359375, -0.49609375, -0.8671875, 1.03125, 0.98046875, -1.4375, -0.93359375, -0.388671875, -0.162109375, -2.0625, -2.34375, 0.51953125, -0.396484375, -0.50390625, -1.3828125, 1.4296875, 0.12353515625, 0.7890625, 1.671875, -1.125, -0.29296875, 2.734375, 0.83984375, 1.4140625, -3.03125, -1.109375, -0.7578125, 0.89453125, -0.8984375, 0.050048828125, 1.1796875, 1.046875, -1.09375, 0.419921875, 0.1328125, 0.83203125, 0.53125, -0.404296875, 0.6796875, 2.234375, -0.703125, -1.3671875, 0.126953125, -0.33984375, -0.76953125, -0.86328125, 1.59375, -0.21875, -0.490234375, 0.78515625, -0.7265625, -1.4921875, -1.484375, 2.609375, -0.5546875, 1.296875, 0.81640625, 0.8828125, 0.6171875, -2.171875, -0.91015625, -0.60546875, 2.328125, 0.49609375, 0.09130859375, -1.1875, 0.0517578125, 1.3125, 1.46875, 1.859375, 0.08349609375, -0.024169921875, 1.4609375, -0.2099609375, -1.671875, 0.28125, 0.9140625, 0.578125, -1.3203125, 0.80859375, -0.734375, 0.05615234375, -0.83984375, -0.000037670135498046875, 1.4375, -0.0135498046875, 0.43359375, -0.62890625, -0.09228515625, -1.2578125, -0.76953125, 0.2734375, 0.55859375, -0.5859375, 0.58203125, 0.080078125, -1.2578125, 0.55859375, -1.3046875, -0.181640625, 0.5703125, -0.1875, 0.058349609375, -0.6484375, -0.859375, 0.4375, -0.9375, 0.28515625, 1.859375, 1.4375, 0.5703125, -1.140625, 0.1298828125, -0.61328125, -0.67578125, -0.0152587890625, 0.046142578125, -0.58203125, -0.1572265625, 0.37890625, 0.267578125, -0.953125, -0.34765625, 0.63671875, -2.140625, 1.859375, 1.1953125, 1.15625, 0.2138671875, -0.58984375, -0.68359375, 0.28515625, 0.56640625, 0.236328125, 0.291015625, -0.91796875, -2.859375, -0.6328125, -0.4296875, -2.71875, -0.376953125, -1.3046875, 1.03125, -1.2734375, -0.7265625, -0.6328125, 0.234375, -0.28515625, -0.8046875, 0.84375, -0.484375, -1.703125, 1.90625, 0.71484375, -1.265625, -1.4921875, 0.41796875, -0.318359375, 0.28515625, 0.10986328125, -0.84375, -0.298828125, 0.2275390625, 1.15625, -0.298828125, -1.3671875, -1.484375, 0.1015625, 0.9296875, -0.47265625, -0.8671875, 1.078125, -1.3125, -0.51953125, -1.0390625, -0.87109375, -0.97265625, 1.453125, 0.7578125, -0.267578125, 0.84375, -0.419921875, 0.98046875, 0.1884765625, -1.171875, -1.125, -1.484375, 0.384765625, 0.56640625, 1.5625, -1.9765625, -0.84765625, 0.6484375, 1.4453125, 1.8203125, -0.71875, -2.5, 0.80078125, 0.953125, 1.390625, 0.625, 1.0078125, -0.390625, -0.162109375, 0.2578125, 1, -0.48828125, -0.609375, 0.62890625, 2.796875, 0.7109375, 0.36328125, -0.33203125, -1.25, -1.078125, 1.796875, 0.859375, -0.64453125, 0.72265625, 0.474609375, 0.71875, 2.59375, 0.6875, 0.2216796875, 0.423828125, -0.38671875, -0.72265625, 2.390625, -1.4609375, 0.326171875, 0.703125, 0.64453125, 0.80078125, -0.294921875, -0.45703125, -0.07177734375, 0.0703125, 0.1513671875, 3.15625, 1, -0.466796875, -0.462890625, -3.28125, -1.59375, -0.21484375, 1.6171875, 0.361328125, 1.53125, -0.08154296875, 0.060302734375, -0.12158203125, 0.9375, -0.1689453125, 0.11279296875, -0.73046875, -0.6640625, 0.1826171875, 3.078125, -0.201171875, -0.421875, -0.27734375, -0.5625, -0.8828125, 0.6640625, -0.466796875, 0.0032196044921875, 2.609375, -0.00982666015625, -1.1796875, 1.1015625, 1.3203125, -0.59375, -0.86328125, -2.0625, -0.5703125, 1.2734375, 0.6640625, 1.1015625, -1.09375, -0.54296875, 1.15625, 0.232421875, 3.265625, -0.43359375, 1.34375, 1.1484375, 0.734375, -0.462890625, 1.921875, -0.390625, -1.4921875, -0.9765625, 0.1435546875, -0.08251953125, -1.3359375, -0.333984375, -0.109375, 0.81640625, -0.416015625, 1.1015625, -1.46875, 0.16015625, -0.150390625, 0.57421875, 0.470703125, 1, 0.85546875, 0.94921875, -0.455078125, 1.0859375, -0.41796875, 0.396484375, 1.890625, -1.0390625, 0.5703125, -0.85546875, -1.6796875, 0.421875, -1.1875, -0.90234375, 0.95703125, -0.07080078125, 2.03125, 2.140625, -0.220703125, 1.5625, 0.49609375, 0.94140625, 1.6953125, -0.447265625, 1.5234375, -0.69921875, 2.203125, -2.046875, 1.6015625, -0.82421875, -1.765625, -0.69921875, 1.203125, -2.375, 0.9453125, -0.68359375, -0.3359375, 1.6796875, 1.3671875, 2.125, -0.578125, -0.341796875, 0.53125, -1.5234375, -1, 0.640625, -0.0732421875, -1.453125, -0.287109375, 0.8046875, 1.109375, -1.1640625, 0.26953125, -0.1015625, 2.515625, -0.50390625, 0.53125, 1.0234375, -1.40625, -1.1171875, 0.53515625, -0.11572265625, -0.017333984375, 0.78125, -0.494140625, -0.421875, 2.03125, 0.08740234375, 0.06982421875, -0.06298828125, 1.1484375, 0.64453125, 0.41015625, 0.73828125, 0.55078125, -0.61328125, -2.40625, 0.75, 1.1171875, 2.40625, 0.482421875, 1.765625, 1.2890625, 0.80078125, 2.78125, -0.484375, -1.9921875, -0.177734375, -0.2109375, 0.400390625, 0.30859375, 2.875, -0.400390625, 1.234375, -0.6875, -0.400390625, 0.294921875, 0.146484375, 0.96875, 0.63671875, -1.0546875, -1.875, -0.1474609375, 0.73046875, 0.1142578125, -0.36328125, 1.4140625, -0.55078125, 0.259765625, 1.5390625, 0.8671875, 0.765625, 0.36328125, -0.71875, 3.109375, 2.109375, 1.2109375, -1.28125, -0.1240234375, 1.9296875, -0.2294921875, -0.23828125, 0.232421875, 0.8125, -4.34375, 0.0390625, -0.0022735595703125, -0.52734375, 0.3359375, -0.431640625, 2.328125, 0.30859375, 0.2470703125, -2.171875, 0.5703125, -0.150390625, -0.7265625, 0.6015625, -0.2294921875, -0.439453125, -0.1943359375, 1.7578125, 1.078125, 0.9921875, -0.51171875, -1.90625, 0.83203125, 0.030517578125, 0.1650390625, 0.6875, 1.8671875, -0.40234375, -1.7265625, -1.0625, -2.03125, 0.14453125, -0.05419921875, -1.484375, 0.18359375, 0.2197265625, -0.7421875, -0.62109375, -0.6328125, -0.1630859375, -0.55859375, 1.078125, -1.2109375, -2.125, 0.392578125, -1.5390625, -1.1015625, -0.400390625, 0.8671875, 1.234375, 1.2265625, -0.515625, -0.298828125, 0.51171875, -1.1015625, 1.546875, -0.392578125, -1.2890625, 0.99609375, 1.375, 1.453125, -0.26171875, 0.94140625, 1.4921875, -0.95703125, 2.953125, -1.1640625, 0.047607421875, -0.15234375, 1.1953125, -0.6015625, 0.0235595703125, 2.828125, -1.3359375, -2, 0.1220703125, 0.2138671875, 1.3046875, -0.58984375, 0.08642578125, -1, -1.0546875, 2.78125, -2.375, -0.60546875, -2.359375, 0.68359375, 1.78125, -0.291015625, 0.86328125, 0.64453125, -0.388671875, 2.046875, 1.3671875, 0.2060546875, 2.1875, 2.265625, -2.40625, -1.4140625, -2.453125, 0.34765625, -0.99609375, -0.474609375, 1.21875, -1.2578125, 1.203125, -1.2734375, 0.0152587890625, 0.30859375, 0.60546875, -0.0281982421875, 2.09375, 0.65234375, 1.015625, 0.94921875, 0.87890625, 2.734375, 0.1767578125, 0.921875, -0.41015625, -1.5, -0.9921875, -0.81640625, -0.68359375, 0.19140625, -1.5625, -0.51953125, -1.0234375, -0.66796875, -1.1953125, -2.4375, -0.1279296875, 2.234375, -2.25, -0.107421875, -1.8515625, 0.79296875, 0.232421875, -1.484375, -0.4296875, -1.3359375, -1.09375, -0.462890625, -0.93359375, -1.078125, -1.71875, -1.75, 0.2275390625, 1.4921875, 0.4921875, 0.035888671875, -1.1640625, 1.3125, -1.1875, -1.0078125, 0.92578125, 0.1435546875, 0.0098876953125, 0.10107421875, -1.21875, -1.828125, 0.8828125, 0.140625, -1.71875, -0.671875, 1.4609375, -1.578125, -0.58203125, -1.1953125, -0.048095703125, 0.55078125, -0.58984375, -0.59765625, 2.296875, -1.5078125, 0.138671875, 0.84765625, 0.318359375, 1.21875, -0.201171875, -0.2021484375, 0.7734375, -0.1669921875, -0.8515625, 0.2060546875, 0.322265625, 0.3984375, 1.2890625, -0.546875, -0.64453125, -0.482421875, 2.6875, -0.8203125, 1.640625, 0.7734375, -0.0625, 1.015625, -1.234375, 0.92578125, 1.25, -1.421875, 0.9609375, 1.0390625, -1.1484375, 2, -0.34375, -1.2109375, 1.859375, -0.1025390625, -0.5859375, 0.7421875, -1.1171875, -0.357421875, 0.34765625, 0.63671875, -2.8125, 1.203125, -0.01287841796875, -0.546875, 1.359375, 0.9296875, -0.388671875, -1.03125, -0.890625, 1.0390625, -2.078125, -0.6171875, -0.6796875, 0.486328125, -0.30078125, -0.65625, 0.5234375, 0.068359375, -0.1357421875, -0.9296875, 0.75, 1.9921875, -0.259765625, 0.921875, 0.578125, 1.6484375, 0.9375, 0.57421875, 2.40625, -0.48828125, 0.22265625, 0.0028228759765625, -0.84765625, 0.0654296875, 0.77734375, -0.8125, -0.89453125, 0.08935546875, 0.671875, -2.140625, 1.0703125, -1.03125, 2.765625, 0.08837890625, 0.2109375, 0.216796875, -1.109375, 0.75390625, -0.27734375, 1.25, -1.125, 0.3359375, 0.96875, -0.66796875, 1.6640625, 1.1171875, 1.8046875, 0.94140625, -0.83984375, -0.62109375, 0.318359375, 0.4765625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534399183
Taking Charge: Management Guide to Troubled Companies and Turnarounds
Covers cash control, banking relationships, risk control, leadership, equity, and reorganization, and tells how to turn companies around before they need serious attention.
[ 0.0859375, 0.26171875, 0.55859375, -0.044921875, -1.828125, 1.4609375, -1.453125, 0.57421875, -0.1669921875, 0.75, 0.671875, 2.484375, 1.8984375, -0.80078125, 0.5078125, -0.054443359375, -1.921875, -2.015625, 1.28125, -0.3828125, -2.328125, -1.890625, -2.421875, -1.0625, -1.0078125, -0.009521484375, 1.9921875, -0.5078125, 1.4921875, 2.359375, 1.6953125, -0.09716796875, -2.09375, -1.2265625, -0.201171875, -1.359375, 0.291015625, 1.78125, -0.275390625, -0.138671875, 1.1015625, -0.89453125, -0.87109375, -0.7578125, 0.1923828125, 0.337890625, 0.81640625, 0.671875, 0.498046875, 0.3046875, -0.24609375, 0.640625, -0.29296875, -0.765625, -0.76171875, 3.015625, -1.28125, 1.1953125, 1.140625, 0.609375, -1.609375, -2.0625, -1.3515625, 0.66015625, -0.7890625, 0.0166015625, 0.0712890625, -0.1689453125, -1.6640625, 1.703125, 1.6875, 0.890625, 1.046875, -0.2001953125, 1.3671875, 0.98046875, 0.2392578125, 0.9921875, -0.462890625, -0.0040283203125, 1.3125, 1.3828125, -1.8828125, 0.296875, 0.2392578125, 0.494140625, -0.369140625, 1.8203125, -2.15625, -0.54296875, -0.6875, 0.0225830078125, -0.61328125, 0.66796875, 2.28125, 1.265625, 0.142578125, -1.0625, -1.75, 0.099609375, -0.2412109375, -0.79296875, 1.9453125, 2.796875, 0.0262451171875, 2.46875, -1.1328125, -1.625, -0.00970458984375, 0.006134033203125, 0.69140625, 0.8046875, -0.185546875, 0.78515625, 2.546875, 0.051025390625, 1.609375, 1.25, 2.25, -0.353515625, 1.7734375, -0.2421875, 1.234375, 0.7265625, 0.55078125, 0.55859375, -1.109375, 0.98828125, 1.546875, -2.265625, -0.259765625, 1.1875, 0.5390625, 0.064453125, 0.10986328125, -1.9921875, 0.9609375, 1.96875, 1.5390625, 0.55078125, 1.390625, 0.185546875, 0.2041015625, -0.2060546875, -0.5703125, -1.1171875, 0.408203125, -0.2333984375, -0.9375, 1.4375, -0.00087738037109375, 0.2890625, -2.25, 2.078125, -1.375, 1.390625, -0.5703125, 2.890625, 0.8046875, -1.734375, 0.55078125, -0.3359375, 3.609375, -0.1171875, 0.51171875, -0.234375, -1.34375, 0.306640625, 0.98828125, 0.2021484375, 0.0556640625, 1.4140625, 0.55859375, 1.078125, 1.3203125, -2.1875, 0.30078125, 1.3125, 0.80078125, -0.12890625, 0.2119140625, 3.9375, 0.150390625, 0.0478515625, 1.65625, 1.3671875, -2.46875, -0.62109375, 1.34375, 1.015625, 3.109375, -1.390625, 0.84765625, 1.4765625, 0.03271484375, -2.15625, -0.671875, 1.9609375, 0.734375, 1.0703125, -0.953125, -1.578125, 1.0625, -0.9765625, 1.09375, -0.94140625, 0.72265625, -0.3828125, 1.3203125, 2.484375, 0.0966796875, -1.609375, -0.041015625, 0.11767578125, -0.392578125, -1.09375, -1.171875, -0.0927734375, 0.2734375, 0.1845703125, 0.302734375, 2.125, -0.7421875, -0.68359375, -1.4921875, -0.8828125, 0.0308837890625, 0.640625, -0.4921875, 0.0296630859375, 0.37890625, 1.453125, -0.50390625, -1.28125, -1.984375, 0.16015625, -0.75, -0.055419921875, 1.3203125, -1.46875, 0.8671875, 1.2109375, 1.421875, 0.0869140625, 2.40625, -0.06201171875, 0.033935546875, -1.8359375, -0.96484375, 1.6953125, -0.06494140625, 0.232421875, -0.1103515625, -0.236328125, 0.52734375, 0.08740234375, 0.322265625, 0.95703125, 2.078125, 0.009521484375, 0.0184326171875, 0.71484375, -0.439453125, -0.345703125, -0.4296875, -1.5546875, 0.609375, 0.54296875, -0.21484375, -0.50390625, 1.5078125, -1.0390625, 0.306640625, 1.7734375, 0.921875, 0.134765625, 0.64453125, -1.7734375, 1.1953125, -1.65625, 0.46484375, -1.6953125, -0.84375, 1.2734375, 0.953125, -0.0751953125, 1.171875, -0.416015625, -2.3125, -0.283203125, -0.0732421875, -1.8359375, -3.171875, 0.091796875, -0.72265625, -2.234375, -0.80859375, 0.6640625, 0.76171875, -0.1845703125, 1.515625, 1.640625, -1.2578125, 2.109375, 1.5234375, -0.8203125, -2.796875, 0.09912109375, 0.3828125, 0.1259765625, -1.2109375, 0.244140625, -0.171875, 0.98828125, 1.6953125, 0.54296875, -0.83984375, -1.7109375, 1.90625, 0.796875, 2.703125, 1.1484375, -0.859375, -1.0390625, 0.41015625, -1.9609375, -1.1328125, -0.65234375, -1.5703125, 0.71484375, -0.2021484375, 0.21484375, 0.251953125, -0.1943359375, -0.396484375, -0.0274658203125, -0.1708984375, -0.06689453125, 0.1787109375, 0.0004730224609375, 1.15625, -1.2890625, -1.578125, 1.3671875, -1.171875, -1.375, -0.7109375, -0.126953125, 1.6484375, -2.765625, -0.7890625, -0.59375, 1.984375, 0.5703125, -0.10546875, 0.51953125, 0.87890625, -1.3046875, 0.08642578125, 0.208984375, 0.470703125, -0.85546875, -1.5703125, -0.1259765625, 0.640625, 0.90234375, -0.54296875, 2.140625, -1.109375, -2.1875, -0.68359375, 1.109375, -1.359375, -0.287109375, 0.51171875, 1.3046875, -2.75, 0.19140625, 0.1201171875, 3.046875, 0.390625, 1.0703125, 0.032958984375, -0.197265625, -0.1083984375, 0.296875, -0.87109375, 0.3046875, -1.4453125, 0.8828125, -0.6328125, -0.1142578125, -2.53125, -0.65625, -0.90234375, 0.7109375, -0.1005859375, -1.1015625, -1.796875, -2.09375, 1.8125, -0.25390625, -1.15625, 0.30078125, -0.60546875, 0.455078125, -0.50390625, -0.65625, 0.70703125, 0.82421875, -0.076171875, -0.0003757476806640625, -1.1328125, -1.21875, 1.6015625, 1.140625, -0.8984375, -0.1376953125, 0.318359375, -1.7109375, -1.09375, 0.2138671875, 0.1962890625, 0.1357421875, -0.140625, -1.828125, -0.3671875, 1.796875, -0.193359375, 0.42578125, -0.431640625, -0.5859375, 0.2734375, -0.74609375, 0.0302734375, -1.6875, 0.65234375, 1.5234375, 0.009033203125, 1.0078125, 0.48828125, -0.275390625, 0.6640625, 0.291015625, 2.53125, -0.1220703125, 0.875, -0.3828125, 0.251953125, 0.234375, -1.015625, -1.515625, -2.203125, -1.1953125, -0.8515625, -1.0078125, -2.1875, 1.140625, 0.4140625, -0.061767578125, 1.03125, -1.1328125, 0.09765625, 1.4765625, 0.294921875, -0.4375, -0.43359375, -0.466796875, -0.7109375, 1.53125, -0.60546875, 1.046875, 0.37890625, -0.3984375, -0.58984375, 0.5703125, -0.828125, 0.16015625, -1.078125, -0.039794921875, 0.45703125, 0.74609375, -2.21875, 0.46484375, 1.40625, -0.7578125, 0.58984375, 2.625, 0.71875, 1.0703125, 2.53125, -2.546875, -1.6953125, -0.283203125, 0.5390625, -0.1611328125, -0.00238037109375, 1.6015625, -0.84765625, 1.3359375, -2.03125, -1.6484375, -1.6171875, 1.1796875, -0.3671875, 0.5390625, 1.2421875, -1.78125, -2.09375, 1.515625, 1.015625, 0.2138671875, -0.8203125, -0.56640625, -1.8125, 0.6875, -1.5703125, 0.2333984375, 0.89453125, -1.203125, 0.5625, 1.328125, 0.31640625, -2.359375, -0.486328125, 1.6484375, 0.78125, 2.5625, 0.80078125, -1.9765625, -1.5078125, 0.78125, -1.2734375, 0.50390625, -1.34375, -0.482421875, -0.1630859375, -1.0703125, 0.76171875, 1.984375, -2.125, -0.7109375, 0.89453125, -0.70703125, -0.03466796875, -0.11865234375, -0.24609375, 2.75, 0.2734375, -0.0164794921875, -1.9296875, 0.026611328125, -1.0625, -0.06884765625, -0.486328125, -0.1845703125, 0.65625, -0.173828125, -1.296875, -4.21875, -0.02392578125, -0.9921875, 1.0703125, 0.95703125, 1.3671875, -0.0634765625, -0.07763671875, -2.125, -0.2265625, 0.322265625, -0.08740234375, 0.259765625, 0.51953125, 0.640625, -0.6171875, -2.546875, -0.953125, -0.349609375, 0.55859375, -1.0859375, 0.462890625, 0.349609375, 0.10791015625, 1.015625, 0.392578125, 0.32421875, -0.1005859375, 0.50390625, 0.27734375, -0.44140625, -3.5625, -0.94921875, 0.93359375, -2.703125, 0.7265625, 2.5625, 0.99609375, 2.140625, -1.3359375, 0.82421875, 0.578125, 1.3515625, 1.125, -0.52734375, 0.00811767578125, 0.1728515625, -0.419921875, 0.2041015625, 0.7734375, 0.058349609375, 1.03125, 1.1796875, -0.55078125, 0.7578125, -0.232421875, -0.86328125, -0.419921875, -2.3125, -0.064453125, -0.71875, -0.1806640625, -1.546875, 0.6953125, 0.890625, -0.458984375, -1.8203125, -0.1005859375, -1.6875, 0.87890625, 0.953125, 0.423828125, 1.34375, 0.1650390625, -2.390625, 0.064453125, 1.1015625, -0.578125, 1.2578125, 0.90625, 0.31640625, 0.65625, -0.94140625, 1.390625, 1.8125, 0.73828125, 0.90234375, -2.609375, -1.0625, 0.296875, 1.484375, -0.51953125, 2.21875, -0.0771484375, -2, -0.2216796875, 1.3359375, -1.3125, -0.578125, -0.69140625, -0.5078125, 0.3984375, 0.1708984375, 0.08056640625, -1.4609375, 0.81640625, 1.65625, -1.71875, 0.01416015625, 1.03125, -0.71875, -0.671875, 0.1240234375, -2.09375, 3.59375, -1.0625, -0.66015625, -0.5859375, 1.6953125, -0.2119140625, -1.7109375, -0.466796875, -0.90234375, -0.1376953125, -0.67578125, 1.4453125, -0.302734375, -1.0546875, 1.7890625, 0.00921630859375, 2.296875, 0.41796875, -0.609375, 0.24609375, 0.8515625, -1.3359375, 0.296875, -0.9453125, -0.64453125, -1.671875, -0.73046875, -1.015625, 0.4140625, -1.0390625, -0.220703125, -1.1796875, -1.6875, 0.98046875, 0.06689453125, -0.1875, 1.296875, -1.6015625, -0.265625, 1.1015625, 0.921875, -0.2890625, -0.08203125, 0.5234375, -0.26171875, -0.28125, 0.107421875, -0.50390625, 0.80078125, 1.171875, 0.494140625, 0.01031494140625, -0.57421875, 1.1796875, 0.984375, -1.5859375, 1.3046875, 2.578125, -2.34375, 1.1328125, -2.921875, -0.045654296875, 0.6640625, -0.1982421875, 1.484375, 1.4609375, -0.10498046875, -0.470703125, 0.166015625, 0.86328125, 0.40234375, 0.337890625, 0.97265625, -1.859375, -3.078125, 0.2041015625, -0.388671875, 0.1083984375, 1.421875, 0.24609375, 0.3984375, -0.44921875, 2.015625, -1.2421875, 0.3046875, -0.2353515625, -0.2080078125, 0.341796875, -1.5546875, -2.453125, -1.8515625, 1.203125, -0.27734375, 1.6796875, -0.421875, -0.365234375, 0.90234375, -0.072265625, -1.9921875, 1.6015625, 1.421875, 2.75, 1.8515625, -0.1962890625, 0.05615234375, -1.5234375, 0.259765625, -1.203125, -0.453125, -1.71875, -1.6015625, -1.328125, -2.453125, -0.578125, 1.9765625, -0.150390625, 0.765625, -1.4296875, -0.63671875, 0.640625, -0.984375, 1.921875, -1.5703125, 0.421875, 0.3203125, -1.109375, 2.5625, -0.019287109375, -0.205078125, 1.4140625, -1.3828125, -0.166015625, -0.5, 1.1015625, -1.546875, -0.9375, 1.859375, 1.203125, -0.1962890625, 1.9375, -0.357421875, -0.1748046875, -1.4453125, 1.1015625, -0.447265625, 0.177734375, -0.341796875, 0.640625, -1.671875, -0.52734375, 0.60546875, -0.66796875, 0.97265625, -0.6328125, -0.2060546875, -1.8515625, -0.412109375, -1.2578125, -1.171875, 0.39453125, -1.859375, 0.328125, -1.1796875, 0.9453125, 0.6796875, 0.71875, 1.25, -1.34375, -0.04931640625, 2.640625, -1.703125, -0.2001953125, 0.1923828125, 1.328125, -0.546875, -1.125, -0.5, -1.3984375, -1.078125, 0.34765625, -1.578125, -1.0078125, 1.46875, 1.984375, 0.455078125, 0.2158203125, -0.265625, 0.61328125, 1.015625, 1.1171875, 0.80078125, 1.109375, -0.71875, 0.53125, -1.640625, -0.609375, -0.11181640625, -1.2734375, -1.0703125, -1.375, 2.0625, 0.8984375, -0.890625, -1.421875, -0.81640625, -0.50390625, 2.734375, -0.44921875, 0.36328125, -1.1796875, 0.33203125, 0.81640625, 1.1328125, 1.0703125, -0.20703125, -1.421875, -0.36328125, 1.9765625, -0.224609375, -1.015625, -0.1416015625, 0.29296875, 0.490234375, 0.1923828125, 0.1865234375, 0.29296875, 1.015625, 0.11181640625, -0.7890625, 1.171875, 0.46484375, 0.353515625, -3.515625, 0.0947265625, -0.65625, 0.30859375, 0.1455078125, -0.2119140625, -0.95703125, -0.76171875, 0.12451171875, 0.859375, -0.4140625, -0.90625, 0.48046875, -0.361328125, -0.2451171875, -0.58203125, 0.59765625, -0.796875, -0.2197265625, -0.40625, -0.859375, -1.7734375, 2.3125, -1.375, -1.1328125, -1.2578125, 0.51953125, 1.2734375, 0.734375, -1.0703125, -1.7265625, 0.3125, 1.34375, 2.46875, -1.125, -0.12109375, -0.1357421875, -1.1484375, 1.40625, -1.15625, 0.86328125, 0.3515625, -1.9375, -0.333984375, -0.328125, 1.0234375, 0.216796875, -0.54296875, -1.953125, 1.4921875, -0.30078125, 1.1328125, -0.765625, 0.65625, -1.2734375, -0.06591796875, 0.09619140625, -2.421875, 2.6875, -0.97265625, 1.0625, 0.57421875, 1.609375, -0.006378173828125, 0.86328125, -1.046875, -1.5625, 0.1416015625, 1.1953125, 0.044921875, -1.1640625, -0.0439453125, -2.484375, 0.251953125, 0.890625, 1.453125, -0.333984375, 0.99609375, 0.10302734375, 0.74609375, -1.4140625, -0.5703125, 0.357421875, 1.0546875, -0.68359375, 0.291015625, -0.392578125, -1.9140625, -0.06982421875, -0.4453125, -0.7109375, 0.390625, -1.8984375, -0.52734375, 0.220703125, -0.859375, -0.431640625, 1.8046875, 1.171875, -0.053955078125, 0.953125, -0.283203125, 1.046875, 1.4453125, -1.0859375, -0.05224609375, 0.203125, -1.6484375, -0.7421875, -1.3984375, 0.310546875, 1.9453125, -0.392578125, -0.81640625, 0.70703125, -2.1875, 0.859375, 0.8828125, 2.125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534420913
Acetyl‐<scp>L</scp>‐Carnitine ameliorates spatial memory deficits induced by inhibition of phosphoinositol‐3 kinase and protein kinase C
J. Neurochem. (2011) 118 , 864–878. Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) plays a crucial role in memory deficits and tau hyperphosphorylation as seen in Alzheimer’s disease, the most common dementia in the aged population. We reported that ventricular co‐injection of wortmannin and GF‐109203X (WT/GFX) can induce tau hyperphosophorylation and memory impairment of rats through activation of GSK‐3 [Liu S. J., Zhang A. H., Li H. L., Wang Q., Deng H. M., Netzer W. J., Xu H. X. and Wang J. Z. (2003) J. Neurochem. 87, 1333]. In the present study, we found that feeding the rats with Acetyl‐L‐Carnitine (ALCAR, 50 mg/day·rat, per os) for 2 weeks rescued the WT/GFX‐induced spatial memory retention impairment of the rats by antagonizing GSK‐3β activation independent of Akt, PKCζ and Erk1/2. We also found that ALCAR arrested microtubule‐associated protein tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple Alzheimer’s disease sites in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, ALCAR enhanced the expression of several memory‐associated proteins including c‐Fos, synapsin I in rat hippocampus. These results suggest that ALCAR could ameliorate WT/GFX‐induced spatial memory deficits through inhibition tau hyperphosphorylation and modulation of memory‐associated proteins.
[ -0.734375, 1.0234375, 0.1748046875, -0.375, -0.1630859375, -0.034423828125, -0.380859375, 1.5625, -0.046875, 0.388671875, -1.3515625, 1.1171875, 2.296875, -0.3046875, 0.185546875, 1.4765625, 1.3046875, -0.2890625, 0.3828125, -0.0810546875, -0.39453125, -0.54296875, -1.125, 0.0625, -0.388671875, 0.51953125, 2.265625, -0.8515625, 0.095703125, 1.0234375, 0.73046875, 1.71875, -3, 0.46484375, -0.2890625, -0.5390625, 0.90625, 0.3671875, -0.3828125, 0.82421875, 0.412109375, -0.53515625, -0.057861328125, 0.2255859375, -0.875, 0.365234375, 0.0771484375, -0.1796875, -0.9453125, -1.234375, -0.6875, 0.77734375, 1.0234375, -0.09375, -0.1513671875, 0.65625, -0.95703125, 0.65625, 1.59375, -1.28125, -0.453125, -1.171875, -0.5546875, 0.94140625, 1.4375, -0.61328125, 1.9375, -1.6015625, 0.32421875, -1.6875, 0.66015625, -0.6171875, -1.9765625, -0.421875, -0.66015625, -0.74609375, 0.0517578125, 1.3359375, 0.8203125, 0.2021484375, -0.29296875, -0.251953125, -0.86328125, -0.142578125, -0.91796875, 1.0546875, 0.30078125, 1.484375, 0.45703125, 1.765625, 0.53515625, -1.3671875, -1.421875, -0.3359375, -0.87109375, -0.064453125, -0.2451171875, -0.4375, -1.3359375, 1.4296875, -0.07421875, -0.72265625, -0.287109375, -1.0546875, -0.796875, 0.70703125, -0.55859375, -0.26171875, 0.13671875, 0.6171875, 0.1865234375, -0.9140625, -1.125, 0.42578125, -0.94921875, -0.458984375, -0.09619140625, 0.279296875, -0.6796875, 0.57421875, -0.5078125, 0.5234375, 0.234375, -0.3046875, 0.5, -0.037353515625, -0.984375, -0.322265625, 0.671875, -2.078125, 1.3671875, 0.7421875, 0.38671875, 0.392578125, -0.353515625, -0.314453125, -0.016845703125, 0.455078125, -0.439453125, -0.138671875, 1.5703125, 2.5, 0.0010223388671875, -0.201171875, -0.98046875, -0.82421875, -0.2080078125, 0.4140625, -0.1865234375, 0.73828125, -1.3125, -0.09521484375, 0.240234375, 1.3828125, 0.8671875, 0.10693359375, 0.251953125, 2.046875, -0.2421875, 0.1103515625, 0.3671875, -0.81640625, 1.0546875, 0.75390625, -0.7734375, 0.0888671875, 0.83984375, 0.41015625, -0.54296875, -0.490234375, -1.0546875, -0.435546875, 0.392578125, 0.462890625, 1.0625, -1.234375, -0.62109375, 0.90625, 0.73828125, -0.15625, 0.5390625, 1.0390625, 0.6328125, -0.54296875, -0.310546875, 1.4296875, -1.1015625, 0.08642578125, 0.640625, -0.138671875, 0.8671875, -3.015625, -1.21875, 1.3359375, -0.16015625, -0.94921875, 0.96484375, 1.2109375, -0.099609375, 0.1259765625, -1.015625, 0.416015625, 0.6484375, 0.1923828125, 1, 0.68359375, -0.1767578125, 2.03125, 0.10888671875, 0.80859375, -1.2578125, -0.59765625, 0.033447265625, 0.1552734375, -0.11669921875, -0.0225830078125, -0.80078125, 0.6328125, 1.2265625, 0.94921875, 0.8203125, -0.2275390625, 0.2080078125, -0.36328125, -0.044921875, -1.78125, 0.66015625, 1.4609375, -0.56640625, 1.8359375, 0.68359375, 0.369140625, 0.74609375, 0.455078125, -0.169921875, 0.328125, 0.6640625, -1.125, 0.72265625, 0.515625, 0.7578125, -0.31640625, -0.640625, 2.015625, -0.2001953125, 0.474609375, 1.6640625, -0.07080078125, -0.6796875, 0.41796875, 0.90625, 0.58203125, -1.15625, 0.71484375, -1.109375, -0.2099609375, -0.5, 0.220703125, 0.50390625, 0.52734375, 0.6953125, -0.44140625, -0.1474609375, -0.06298828125, -1.0703125, 0.1845703125, -0.51953125, -0.26953125, -1.109375, 0.86328125, 0.1962890625, -0.62890625, 0.99609375, 0.6328125, 0.58984375, 0.0830078125, -1.8046875, -0.2353515625, 0.85546875, -0.83984375, 0.52734375, -0.71875, -0.64453125, -0.921875, -0.025390625, 1.015625, 1.078125, 0.060302734375, -0.8359375, -0.271484375, -0.5078125, -0.55078125, -0.6796875, 1.984375, 0.0238037109375, -0.65625, 0.6875, 2.515625, 0.765625, 0.8984375, 0.41796875, -0.0966796875, -0.451171875, -0.24609375, 1.828125, -1.0078125, -1.8046875, -0.240234375, -0.470703125, 0.466796875, 0.5546875, 0.6875, -0.2392578125, 0.875, -0.16796875, 0.3515625, 0.421875, -0.62109375, -0.0947265625, -0.2333984375, 0.62890625, -1.546875, -0.515625, 1.015625, -0.47265625, 0.5234375, -1.078125, -0.51953125, -1.6328125, -0.115234375, -0.79296875, -0.049560546875, 0.97265625, 0.6953125, 0.08740234375, -0.5859375, 0.36328125, -1.1796875, 1.625, -0.2021484375, 1.1796875, -1.21875, -1.46875, -0.466796875, 0.236328125, -0.216796875, 0.46484375, 0.0079345703125, 0.66015625, -1.1953125, 0.90625, -0.625, 1.59375, 1.0078125, -0.47265625, -0.2421875, 0.859375, -0.55859375, 0.09814453125, -0.1982421875, -0.1640625, -1.3984375, 0.22265625, 0.609375, 0.52734375, 0.53125, 0.546875, -0.77734375, 0.34375, -1.15625, 1.2265625, -0.251953125, 0.01171875, -0.2080078125, 1.5625, 1.2109375, -0.1259765625, -1.5390625, -0.2373046875, 0.734375, -0.73828125, 0.0308837890625, -0.326171875, -0.061279296875, 1.875, 1.390625, -0.1640625, -0.41015625, 0.59375, 1.4375, 0.232421875, 0.76171875, -2.75, 0.65625, -0.1103515625, 0.859375, 0.59375, 0.62890625, -1.125, -2.296875, 1.4375, -0.0927734375, 1.296875, 0.12255859375, -1.8515625, 0.115234375, -1.3046875, -0.373046875, -1.0546875, -1.046875, -0.640625, 0.036865234375, -0.70703125, 0.6328125, 0.9140625, 0.380859375, -0.58984375, -1.078125, 1.0390625, -1.7109375, 0.56640625, 0.0118408203125, 0.388671875, -0.1455078125, 0.86328125, 0.1806640625, -0.84765625, 0.71875, -0.73828125, -0.1435546875, 1.0859375, 0.9453125, -0.88671875, -1.09375, 0.3828125, 0.86328125, 0.98828125, -1.1796875, -0.498046875, -0.3515625, 0.68359375, 0.81640625, -1.2734375, -0.138671875, 1.328125, 0.443359375, 0.224609375, 2.171875, 0.97265625, 1, 0.349609375, -2.046875, -0.494140625, -0.765625, 0.6875, -0.84765625, -0.53515625, -0.5234375, 0.921875, 0.26171875, -0.6484375, 1.078125, 0.55859375, -0.345703125, 0.96484375, -0.404296875, 0.5390625, -1.28125, -0.34375, 0.97265625, 0.423828125, -0.7578125, -0.92578125, -1.984375, 0.041748046875, -0.2099609375, 0.85546875, -0.0439453125, 0.94921875, 0.1171875, 1.1484375, -0.0810546875, -0.640625, 1.4375, -0.474609375, 0.75390625, -1.2421875, -0.51953125, 0.6875, 0.1669921875, 0.24609375, -0.045166015625, -0.396484375, -0.32421875, 0.67578125, -0.546875, -1.1796875, 2.046875, 0.78515625, 1.25, 0.30078125, -1.265625, -2.515625, 0.65234375, 1.375, -1.0703125, 0.3671875, 0.49609375, -1.828125, 0.56640625, 0.11083984375, 1.3203125, -0.06884765625, -0.9609375, -1.3984375, 0.8203125, 1.890625, 0.373046875, 0.9921875, -0.54296875, 0.07177734375, -0.5078125, 0.3984375, 0.047119140625, 1.0234375, -0.443359375, 0.9609375, -0.8046875, 0.7578125, -0.68359375, -0.1962890625, -0.64453125, 0.0712890625, 0.1533203125, -0.546875, -0.3203125, 0.396484375, -0.369140625, 0.74609375, 0.46484375, -0.1923828125, -1.375, 0.50390625, 0.08154296875, -0.49609375, -0.050537109375, 0.984375, 0.80859375, -0.87890625, 0.53515625, -0.25390625, 0.057861328125, 0.50390625, 0.369140625, -0.765625, 0.83984375, -1.2734375, -0.40625, -0.90234375, -0.8125, 1.359375, -1.0859375, -0.69140625, 1.484375, -1.0078125, 1.1171875, -0.5390625, -0.296875, 0.640625, -0.2255859375, 0.296875, -0.012939453125, 0.79296875, 0.77734375, 0.486328125, -0.3984375, -1.0390625, -0.1826171875, -0.8125, 0.16015625, 0.4765625, 0.062255859375, -1.734375, 0.016845703125, 0.07080078125, 0.0625, 1.1328125, -0.197265625, 1.1328125, -1.2421875, -0.28125, -1.34375, -1.078125, 0.484375, 0.53515625, 0.193359375, -0.296875, 0.68359375, 0.640625, -0.6015625, 0.5625, 1.609375, 0.0859375, -0.40625, -0.1484375, -1.34375, 0.06884765625, 0.80859375, -0.2353515625, 0.396484375, 0.11865234375, -0.8125, -1.09375, -0.310546875, 1, 0.171875, 0.384765625, -0.408203125, 0.2353515625, 0.27734375, 0.59765625, 0.44140625, 0.24609375, 0.28515625, 0.9140625, -1.328125, -0.345703125, -0.546875, 0.9296875, -1.25, -1.0390625, 0.82421875, -0.50390625, -1.2265625, 0.279296875, 0.2216796875, -0.8046875, 1.484375, 0.69140625, 0.1796875, 0.16796875, 1.5625, 0.4296875, -0.59375, 0.0791015625, 0.5859375, -1.40625, -0.0712890625, -1.1953125, 1.0859375, -0.70703125, -1.1484375, 0.35546875, -0.2490234375, -1.0859375, 2.609375, -0.65625, -0.041748046875, -0.42578125, 1.21875, 0.6484375, 0.44921875, -0.294921875, -0.388671875, 0.2041015625, 0.0859375, -0.02978515625, -0.58984375, -0.85546875, -0.10888671875, -1.359375, 0.6171875, 2.09375, -0.498046875, 0.07861328125, 1.28125, 0.8984375, 0.08154296875, 1.46875, -0.2060546875, 0.57421875, -0.796875, -0.08056640625, -0.4609375, 0.28515625, -0.000255584716796875, 0.17578125, 0.10546875, 0.1240234375, 0.86328125, -1.2578125, 0.4765625, 1.234375, 1.3125, 1.2109375, 0.2294921875, 0.173828125, 0.8125, -0.51953125, -0.6171875, -0.1982421875, 0.7578125, -0.59375, 0.205078125, -0.498046875, 0.703125, 1.0390625, 1.5859375, 0.05419921875, 1.0078125, 0.359375, -1.2109375, -0.80078125, -0.345703125, 0.921875, -0.2138671875, -0.82421875, 0.06640625, 0.05908203125, -0.031494140625, 1.53125, 0.98046875, 0.34765625, -0.3671875, -0.4375, -0.494140625, 0.4140625, 0.328125, -1.0234375, 0.46875, -0.7578125, -0.74609375, 0.82421875, -0.98828125, 0.52734375, -0.94140625, -0.53515625, 0.5, 0.73046875, 0.89453125, -0.2177734375, 0.1640625, -0.66015625, 0.9375, 0.0869140625, 0.7265625, 0.96875, -1.046875, 0.478515625, -0.5703125, 0.451171875, 0.69140625, -1.2578125, 1.421875, 0.07763671875, -0.1279296875, -0.578125, 0.1279296875, -0.1494140625, -0.82421875, 0.20703125, -2.5, 1.1875, 0.578125, 1.390625, 0.58984375, 0.33203125, -0.51171875, 0.9375, 0.9375, -1.578125, -0.435546875, -1.9296875, 0.008056640625, -0.328125, -0.44921875, -0.54296875, -0.427734375, 1.671875, 1.140625, -0.39453125, 0.7109375, 0.126953125, 0.259765625, -0.98046875, 0.609375, 0.45703125, 0.5625, -1.2265625, -1.2265625, -0.86328125, 0.0206298828125, -0.81640625, 0.7734375, 0.388671875, 0.059814453125, -0.055419921875, -1.0859375, -0.59765625, -0.3125, 0.1826171875, -0.50390625, 0.81640625, -0.48046875, -0.01483154296875, 0.384765625, -0.70703125, -1.4375, -0.58203125, -0.177734375, 0.984375, -0.380859375, 1.3046875, 0.40625, -2.078125, -0.435546875, -0.07470703125, 0.25390625, 0.291015625, -0.1328125, -0.6875, 1.3046875, 0.326171875, -1.7265625, 0.228515625, 0.1318359375, 1.1953125, -0.4375, -1.1875, -0.0223388671875, -2.515625, -1.25, -0.216796875, 0.162109375, -0.859375, -1.234375, 0.5078125, 1.2265625, 1.59375, 0.625, -0.921875, 0.72265625, 0.51953125, 0.59765625, -0.66796875, 0.05615234375, -0.349609375, -0.054443359375, 0.95703125, -1.203125, 1.265625, 0.012451171875, 0.1328125, -0.51171875, -0.5859375, 0.78125, -0.466796875, 0.400390625, 0.48046875, -0.333984375, 0.65625, -0.03271484375, 0.87890625, 1.1640625, -0.15625, -0.294921875, -1.140625, -1.5390625, 0.61328125, 0.63671875, 0.259765625, 0.5, -0.095703125, 0.3203125, 0.57421875, -0.298828125, -0.75390625, -1.296875, -0.59765625, 2.484375, -0.47265625, -0.1474609375, -1.109375, 0.23828125, 1.125, -1.203125, 0.3203125, -0.33984375, -0.27734375, 0.64453125, 0.38671875, -1.2109375, -1.171875, -0.0849609375, 0.259765625, 1.6171875, 0.69921875, -0.447265625, 0.5546875, 0.302734375, -0.83984375, -0.30078125, 0.76171875, 1.078125, -1.03125, 0.140625, 0.2021484375, 0.1376953125, -0.388671875, 0.75390625, 0.5390625, 0.4921875, -0.095703125, -0.58203125, 0.427734375, 0.93359375, -0.72265625, -1.5390625, 0.212890625, 0.61328125, 0.0322265625, -0.30078125, 0.61328125, 1.9453125, 0.57421875, 0.48828125, -1.359375, -0.24609375, -0.1748046875, -0.3203125, -0.31640625, 0.96875, 0.1513671875, -0.1796875, -0.2333984375, -1.1640625, 1.4296875, 0.28515625, 0.431640625, -0.384765625, 0.54296875, -0.95703125, -0.88671875, -0.53515625, -0.00970458984375, -0.4453125, -0.0213623046875, -0.006866455078125, -1.8125, 0.6796875, -0.58203125, 1.046875, 1.1484375, 0.2119140625, 1.6484375, 0.255859375, -0.45703125, 1.9375, 0.041748046875, -0.3515625, -1.2734375, -0.8125, -1.078125, 0.365234375, 0.341796875, -1.6171875, -0.5703125, 1.5, 0.201171875, 0.462890625, -0.81640625, 0.76953125, 0.12353515625, 0.5078125, -0.84375, -0.92578125, 0.85546875, -0.25, -0.09130859375, 0.00010728836059570312, 0.0859375, 1.640625, 1.078125, 1.671875, 1.4765625, 0.4921875, 0.70703125, 1.8203125, 1.71875, -0.71484375, 0.06640625, -1.0703125, -0.5859375, 0.047119140625, -0.50390625, 0.41796875, -0.138671875, 0.0341796875, -0.703125, -0.83203125, -0.5546875, 0.306640625, 0.8828125, 0.73046875, 1.140625, 0.498046875, -0.640625, 0.3671875, 0.2373046875, 0.04150390625, -1.4296875, -0.69921875, -0.796875, -0.3046875, 0.1591796875, 0.984375, -0.4609375, 0.404296875, 0.984375, -0.330078125, -1.1015625, -1.3671875, -0.796875, 1.8671875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534486950
A cannabinoid receptor, sensitive to O‐1918, is involved in the delayed hypotension induced by anandamide in anaesthetized rats
Intravenous injection of the endocannabinoid anandamide induces complex cardiovascular changes via cannabinoid CB(1), CB(2) and vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that in vitro, but not in vivo, anandamide relaxes blood vessels, via an as yet unidentified, non-CB(1) vascular cannabinoid receptor, sensitive to O-1918 (1,3-dimethoxy-5-2-[(1R,6R)-3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-benzene). We here examined whether the anandamide-induced hypotension in urethane-anaesthetized rats was also mediated via a non-CB(1) vascular cannabinoid receptor.Effects of two antagonists (O-1918 and cannabidiol) of the non-CB(1) vascular cannabinoid receptor on anandamide-induced changes in mean, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (MBP, SBP, DBP), mesenteric (MBF) and renal (RBF) blood flow and heart rate (HR) in urethane-anaesthetized rats was examined.In anaesthetized rats, anandamide (1.5-3 micromol.kg(-1)) and its stable analogue methanandamide (0.5 micromol.kg(-1)) caused a delayed and prolonged decrease in MBP, SBP, DBP, MBF and RBF by about 10-30% of the respective basal values without changing HR. In pithed rats, anandamide (3 micromol.kg(-1)) decreased blood pressure by about 15-20% of the basal value without affecting HR, MBF and RBF. All vascular changes were reduced by about 30-70% by cannabidiol and O-1918 (3 micromol.kg(-1), each).Non-CB(1) cannabinoid vascular receptors, sensitive to O-1918, contribute to the hypotensive effect of anandamide in anaesthetized rats. Activation of these receptors may be therapeutically important as the endocannabinoid system could be activated as a compensatory mechanism in various forms of hypertension.
[ -0.0091552734375, 0.70703125, 0.67578125, -1.90625, 0.3515625, 0.1787109375, -0.89453125, 1.6640625, -0.353515625, -0.5390625, -0.73828125, 2.203125, 1.078125, 0.0576171875, 1.171875, 1.8671875, -0.96875, 0.046630859375, -1.3125, -0.76171875, -0.64453125, -1.109375, -0.80859375, -0.44140625, 0.042724609375, 0.5546875, -1.0625, -1.0078125, 0.365234375, 0.83203125, 0.333984375, 1.9453125, -1.7734375, -0.92578125, 0.34765625, 0.0021514892578125, 0.7265625, -0.240234375, -0.1396484375, 1.6796875, 0.349609375, -0.8359375, -0.11083984375, 0.447265625, -1.296875, 0.046142578125, 0.279296875, -0.92578125, -0.421875, -0.16015625, -0.412109375, -0.70703125, 0.9609375, -0.1025390625, -1.65625, 0.2109375, -1.34375, -0.6953125, 1.0390625, -0.71875, 0.18359375, -1.46875, 0.34375, -0.034423828125, 1.0390625, -0.7265625, 0.2041015625, 0.87109375, 1.8203125, -0.2119140625, 0.984375, -0.1318359375, -0.474609375, 0.2109375, 0.2275390625, -0.36328125, -0.6953125, 0.84375, 0.330078125, 1.65625, -0.9296875, -1.296875, 0.6171875, 1.65625, -0.21484375, 0.859375, 0.59765625, 2.28125, 1.6328125, 1.15625, -0.11572265625, -0.73828125, -1.1171875, -1.03125, -0.37890625, 0.2431640625, 0.51171875, 0.4375, -0.953125, 0.34765625, 0.6484375, -0.119140625, -0.07568359375, 0.1328125, -0.103515625, 0.55859375, -0.34375, -0.58203125, -0.5390625, -0.0771484375, -0.283203125, 1.03125, -0.158203125, -0.07568359375, -0.1552734375, 0.68359375, 0.875, 1.2109375, -0.7109375, -1.2734375, -0.435546875, 0.10009765625, -0.1884765625, -1.296875, 0.49609375, 0.69921875, -0.11279296875, 0.69921875, -0.64453125, -0.09423828125, -0.72265625, -0.5078125, -0.162109375, 0.396484375, -0.4765625, 0.921875, 1.15625, 1.1171875, 0.55078125, 0.53125, 0.259765625, 0.6484375, -1.2109375, -0.0947265625, -0.010986328125, -0.1689453125, 0.30078125, 0.056396484375, -0.87109375, -0.27734375, -0.271484375, -0.6640625, -0.625, 0.86328125, -0.000270843505859375, 0.51171875, -0.765625, 2.453125, -0.8828125, 0.6328125, 0.68359375, -1.3984375, 0.76953125, 0.036376953125, 0.2109375, -0.5078125, -0.34375, 0.890625, -0.1328125, -0.41796875, -0.380859375, -1.4453125, 0.6875, 0.486328125, 0.890625, -1.5703125, -1.1953125, 0.90625, -0.474609375, -0.2353515625, -0.390625, 0.0732421875, -1.8359375, -0.384765625, -0.1259765625, 1.203125, -0.037841796875, -0.2158203125, -0.28125, 1.4375, 1.0859375, -1.28125, -1.7265625, 1.3359375, 0.43359375, -0.88671875, 0.953125, 0.8359375, -0.0081787109375, -0.375, -1.484375, 0.193359375, -0.482421875, 0.62890625, 0.43359375, 1.0703125, -1.1796875, 0.033447265625, 2.078125, 0.1787109375, -1.6484375, -0.3984375, 0.376953125, -0.044921875, -0.2734375, -0.44921875, -0.1279296875, 0.1728515625, 1, -0.365234375, 0.2021484375, 0.9375, 0.34765625, -0.4140625, 0.1455078125, -1.4921875, 0.8203125, 0.28125, -0.201171875, 1.3515625, -0.23828125, 0.8125, 0.59765625, -0.91796875, -0.251953125, -0.6640625, -1.3515625, -0.06396484375, 0.486328125, -0.240234375, -0.67578125, 0.63671875, -0.2265625, 0.296875, 0.09375, 0.72265625, 0.6484375, -0.99609375, -1.0078125, 0.28125, 0.83984375, 0.08203125, -0.244140625, 0.482421875, -0.025634765625, -0.2001953125, 0.28515625, -1.2265625, 0.80859375, -1.390625, -1.015625, 0.291015625, -0.8828125, 0.494140625, 0.71875, -1.0234375, -0.0859375, 1.3203125, -0.95703125, 0.08349609375, -0.0091552734375, -0.62109375, -0.1552734375, -0.53125, 0.76953125, -0.0673828125, -0.36328125, 0.30078125, 1.34375, 0.3125, -1.671875, -0.5546875, -0.234375, -0.6796875, 0.1142578125, 1.9765625, 2.171875, -1.1484375, -0.96875, -0.53515625, -0.91015625, 0.7109375, -0.412109375, 0.205078125, 0.08544921875, -0.9453125, 1.0859375, 1.1171875, 1.4921875, 0.341796875, 0.30859375, 1.015625, -0.984375, 0.19140625, 1.3046875, -0.62109375, -0.80859375, -0.82421875, -0.890625, 0.4765625, -0.11767578125, -1.1640625, -0.125, 1.203125, -0.6875, 0.74609375, -0.318359375, -2.015625, 0.330078125, -0.05029296875, 0.515625, -0.32421875, 1.203125, 1.0546875, -0.380859375, 0.40625, -0.51953125, 0.08203125, -0.0703125, 0.447265625, -0.1748046875, 0.146484375, 1.34375, -1.28125, 0.0230712890625, -0.296875, -1.9921875, -0.083984375, 1.3046875, 0.056884765625, 1.59375, -1.1015625, 0.6171875, -1.125, -0.068359375, -0.0262451171875, 0.8203125, 0.56640625, 0.87890625, -1.109375, 0.06982421875, -0.484375, 1.3203125, -0.65625, -0.734375, 0.9765625, 1.0625, -0.58984375, -0.048828125, 0.83984375, 0.2412109375, -0.185546875, 0.25390625, 0.921875, -0.2099609375, 0.89453125, 0.263671875, -1.2890625, 0.5390625, -1.359375, 1.390625, 0.439453125, 0.19140625, 1.25, 0.55859375, 1.40625, -0.54296875, -0.73828125, 0.1767578125, 1.484375, -1.140625, 1.1953125, -0.310546875, -0.546875, 1.8125, 1.7890625, 0.6640625, -0.4453125, 1.28125, 1.1875, 1.546875, -0.83203125, -1.8828125, 0.07275390625, 1.21875, -1.375, 0.5078125, 0.7890625, -0.703125, -1.734375, 1.4609375, 0.74609375, 0.73046875, 0.283203125, -0.75, 0.33203125, -0.1552734375, -0.181640625, -0.12109375, 0.478515625, 0.423828125, 0.1904296875, 0.3125, 0.96875, 0.376953125, -0.1298828125, 0.6953125, -1.25, 0.0791015625, -0.1728515625, 0.07080078125, -0.578125, 0.427734375, -0.08740234375, 0.4609375, 1, 0.341796875, 0.60546875, -0.703125, 0.09423828125, 1.5703125, 0.279296875, -0.053955078125, -1.359375, -0.2392578125, -1.34375, 1.21875, 0.68359375, 0.291015625, 0.3359375, -0.3046875, -0.470703125, 0.7265625, 1.5078125, 1.734375, 2.4375, -0.546875, 0.90234375, 1.1953125, 0.83203125, 0.1123046875, -0.93359375, -1.5234375, 0.51171875, -1.2421875, -0.150390625, -0.12158203125, -0.173828125, -0.353515625, 0.46484375, -0.314453125, 0.373046875, 0.314453125, -0.294921875, 0.73046875, 0.1728515625, 0.25390625, -0.1005859375, -0.1337890625, 1.4453125, 0.84375, 0.5078125, 0.279296875, -0.390625, -0.07958984375, 0.130859375, 0.328125, 1.078125, 0.8046875, 0.703125, 1.3125, -0.7734375, -1.34375, 0.478515625, -0.58984375, 0.00653076171875, -2.109375, -0.1484375, 0.80859375, -1.1640625, 0.458984375, 0.51953125, 1.09375, -0.5234375, 0.6953125, -0.71875, -0.002197265625, 1.234375, 0.439453125, -0.275390625, 0.3515625, -1.421875, -0.62890625, -0.63671875, 0.25, -1.5234375, -0.1328125, -0.9375, -1.875, 0.27734375, 0.99609375, 1.6953125, 0.00098419189453125, -0.76171875, -0.04443359375, -0.046875, -0.109375, 0.49609375, 0.462890625, -1.140625, 1.046875, 0.2890625, 0.427734375, 0.34765625, 0.86328125, -0.41796875, 1.5, 0.291015625, -0.86328125, -0.640625, -0.390625, 0.765625, 1.3984375, 1.296875, 0.484375, -0.365234375, -0.87109375, 0.1064453125, 0.0830078125, 0.71875, -1.03125, 0.625, -0.37890625, -0.02001953125, 1.421875, 0.0157470703125, -0.1455078125, 0.07470703125, -0.72265625, 0.8046875, -0.5234375, -0.322265625, -1.6875, 0.1533203125, -1.53125, -0.48046875, -0.49609375, 0.67578125, -0.240234375, -0.890625, -0.2265625, -0.35546875, -0.2177734375, 1.09375, 0.82421875, 0.244140625, -0.0654296875, -0.60546875, 0.2490234375, 0.484375, -1.1015625, -1.109375, 0.1220703125, -1.0703125, 1.828125, -0.3828125, 0.703125, -1.234375, 0.00106048583984375, -0.7578125, 0.84375, 0.45703125, -1.2421875, 0.1640625, -1.4296875, -0.328125, 2.0625, 0.60546875, 0.7109375, -0.9140625, -1.125, -0.263671875, 0.6953125, -0.01422119140625, -0.9453125, 0.1015625, -0.4375, 0.5234375, -0.14453125, -0.490234375, 0.96484375, 0.18359375, 0.390625, -0.2421875, -1.078125, -0.4765625, 0.53125, -0.93359375, -0.3203125, 0.455078125, 0.27734375, 0.041748046875, -0.453125, -0.482421875, 1.28125, -0.69921875, 0.62109375, 0.01080322265625, 0.98046875, -0.60546875, 0.30078125, -0.8515625, -0.173828125, 0.1279296875, 0.50390625, -1.34375, 1.1171875, -0.90234375, -1.1640625, -0.8203125, -0.6640625, 1.1484375, -0.494140625, -0.24609375, -0.09326171875, -0.15625, -1.1484375, -0.0115966796875, -0.06640625, 0.18359375, 1.2578125, 1.671875, 0.10791015625, 0.158203125, -1.3515625, 1.1953125, -1.578125, -0.74609375, 0.9765625, 0.87109375, -0.88671875, 1.2109375, 0.27734375, -0.359375, 0.94140625, 1.0703125, -1.7421875, 0.2021484375, -0.7578125, -0.55859375, -0.4609375, 0.81640625, -0.1826171875, 0.64453125, 0.6953125, 0.341796875, 0.89453125, -1.3828125, -1.0234375, 0.55859375, -0.63671875, -0.7578125, 0.58984375, -1.2734375, 0.318359375, 1.796875, -0.380859375, 1.78125, -0.11669921875, 1.625, 0.97265625, 0.9375, -1.2734375, 1.0390625, 1.4921875, -0.70703125, -0.4921875, -0.1201171875, 0.1572265625, 0.51953125, -0.80859375, 0.453125, 0.90234375, 0.95703125, 0.99609375, -0.059326171875, 0.58203125, 0.7734375, 0.490234375, -1.3046875, 0.78515625, 0.73046875, -0.045166015625, 2.21875, -0.4609375, -0.1484375, 1.515625, 0.8203125, -0.039306640625, 0.455078125, -0.16796875, 0.051025390625, -0.435546875, 0.59375, 0.640625, 1.09375, 0.455078125, -0.373046875, -0.5703125, 0.2021484375, 0.8515625, 0.28515625, 0.2353515625, -0.703125, -0.0002880096435546875, -0.671875, 0.271484375, 0.0174560546875, -1.46875, 2.359375, -0.92578125, -1.4140625, 1.078125, 0.173828125, -1.234375, -0.1904296875, -0.486328125, 1, -0.60546875, -0.07861328125, -0.380859375, 1.421875, 0.203125, -0.52734375, 0.061767578125, 0.99609375, -0.8046875, -1.21875, -0.376953125, -0.99609375, -1.59375, 0.3828125, 0.072265625, 0.38671875, 0.208984375, -0.75, -0.91796875, -0.1201171875, 0.046142578125, -0.255859375, 1.0234375, -0.7109375, 0.875, 0.9765625, 1.4296875, -0.58984375, -0.11083984375, -0.5078125, -0.32421875, 0.59375, 0.62109375, -0.68359375, 0.1748046875, 0.515625, -0.2119140625, -0.625, -0.984375, -1.640625, 1.1328125, -0.365234375, -0.19921875, 0.1025390625, -1.2734375, -0.7734375, -1.4296875, 0.5078125, 0.7421875, -0.99609375, -0.83203125, -1.5859375, -1.9375, -0.66796875, -0.404296875, 0.64453125, -0.03271484375, 0.78515625, 0.361328125, 0.486328125, -0.640625, 0.3828125, 0.1484375, 0.54296875, 0.2451171875, -0.59375, 0.49609375, 0.014404296875, -0.6640625, -0.68359375, -0.38671875, -0.18359375, -0.054931640625, -0.015625, 0.97265625, 1.4296875, -1.4296875, -1.046875, -0.06640625, 0.5078125, -0.251953125, 1.140625, 0.2431640625, -0.578125, 0.333984375, -0.310546875, -0.60546875, -0.2236328125, 1.046875, -0.359375, -1.1796875, 0.251953125, -1.4375, -0.64453125, -1.09375, -0.29296875, 0.796875, -0.09228515625, -0.92578125, -0.7578125, -0.1806640625, -0.0927734375, -0.1484375, 2.046875, 1.140625, 0.283203125, 0.0264892578125, -0.20703125, -0.07763671875, 0.609375, -0.345703125, -0.67578125, 0.796875, 1.5859375, 0.2333984375, 0.05517578125, -1.609375, 0.060791015625, -0.34765625, -0.462890625, 0.328125, -0.07421875, 0.91015625, -0.34375, 0.41796875, 2.03125, 0.271484375, -0.47265625, 0.81640625, -1.78125, 0.5390625, 1.71875, 1.1015625, -0.10498046875, 1.4453125, -0.10498046875, 0.69921875, -0.416015625, -0.71875, -1.1796875, -0.49609375, 2.59375, -0.62890625, 1.03125, -0.466796875, -0.1640625, -0.2333984375, -0.0634765625, -0.484375, -1.4609375, 1.0078125, -1.0625, 0.30859375, -1.0703125, -1.1328125, 0.1787109375, -0.55859375, 1.671875, 0.11767578125, 1.0234375, -1.0078125, -0.4375, -0.75390625, 0.01153564453125, 0.001251220703125, 0.9296875, -1.4765625, -0.5234375, -0.921875, -0.059814453125, 0.37890625, 1.390625, -0.7421875, 0.7265625, 0.27734375, 1.2109375, 1, -0.58984375, -0.78125, -0.014892578125, 0.43359375, 0.66796875, -0.5234375, -0.484375, 0.1943359375, -0.265625, 0.75, 0.306640625, -1.546875, -0.73828125, -0.3359375, -1.1484375, -0.1943359375, -0.578125, 1.4765625, -0.1552734375, -0.97265625, -1.5859375, 1.9140625, -0.203125, 0.96484375, -1.578125, 1.625, -1.140625, -0.515625, 0.27734375, 0.6875, -0.05859375, -0.06298828125, 0.1669921875, -0.93359375, -0.04638671875, 1.265625, -0.0771484375, 0.484375, 0.31640625, 0.3671875, 0.029296875, -1.0078125, 1.609375, 0.212890625, 0.2578125, 0.2421875, -0.123046875, -1.7578125, 0.35546875, 0.55078125, -1.2734375, -0.043701171875, 0.59765625, 0.86328125, 0.064453125, -1.2421875, 0.984375, 0.59375, 0.66015625, -1.1640625, -1.59375, -0.69921875, -0.11962890625, -0.0238037109375, -0.0732421875, 0.5703125, 1.9296875, 0.984375, 0.98046875, -1.5, -0.75, 1.3984375, -0.001800537109375, 0.408203125, -0.330078125, 1.640625, 0.59765625, -0.447265625, 0.40625, 0.9296875, -0.609375, -0.130859375, -0.142578125, -1.1796875, -0.1552734375, -0.244140625, 0.45703125, 0.67578125, 2.09375, 1.375, 0.10107421875, 1.2265625, 0.279296875, 1.265625, 0.03564453125, -0.671875, 0.2353515625, -0.052734375, -1.0234375, 0.423828125, 0.609375, 0.765625, 0.625, 0.232421875, -0.53515625, 0.1259765625, -0.38671875, -1.0546875, 1.265625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534595812
Remarks on HNN extensions in operator algebras
It is shown that any HNN extension is precisely a compression by a projection of a certain amalgamated free product in the framework of operator algebras. As its applications several questions for von Neumann algebras or C*-algebras arising as HNN extensions are considered.
[ -1.390625, 0.57421875, 2.21875, -1.2421875, 0.2099609375, -0.3984375, -1.4140625, 1.4140625, 1.40625, -1, 0.7734375, 2.296875, 2.125, -0.58984375, 1.6015625, -0.6875, -0.609375, -0.6796875, -2.734375, -1.109375, -0.62109375, -1.8203125, -1.5546875, -0.7421875, 0.66015625, 1.703125, -1.0859375, -1.34375, -0.345703125, 2.28125, 1.75, 0.54296875, -2.1875, -1.5625, -0.373046875, -0.166015625, 1.7890625, 0.625, 0.6484375, -0.318359375, 2.1875, -0.232421875, 3, -0.80078125, -0.275390625, 0.19921875, 0.47265625, -0.55078125, -0.7265625, -0.59375, -0.97265625, 1.5625, 1.078125, -0.3046875, -0.91015625, 0.00823974609375, -1.0390625, -1.140625, 0.640625, 0.349609375, 0.46484375, -1.296875, 1.421875, -0.1318359375, -0.9453125, -0.32421875, 0.4140625, -0.3359375, -0.06787109375, 0.515625, 0.2353515625, -1.0234375, -0.84375, -0.07568359375, -0.486328125, -1.78125, -1.2421875, 0.99609375, 1.2890625, 0.67578125, 0.453125, 0.66796875, 0.365234375, -1.453125, -1.421875, 1.4375, -0.1708984375, 3.1875, 0.42578125, 0.45703125, 2.65625, -1.640625, 0.0024871826171875, -1.6015625, -1.0390625, 0.265625, 1.421875, -0.19921875, -1.359375, 0.9765625, -1.2421875, -1.265625, 1.0078125, -0.3828125, -0.357421875, -0.373046875, -0.1533203125, -1.8203125, -2.09375, -2.046875, -0.490234375, -0.8671875, 0.70703125, 1.0234375, -0.90234375, -0.0172119140625, 2.90625, 1.3203125, 1.2421875, -0.63671875, -0.625, -1.3046875, -0.2734375, 2.609375, 1.8828125, -0.11572265625, -1.578125, 1.515625, 0.357421875, -0.390625, 1.2890625, 0.2431640625, -0.99609375, -0.1826171875, 1, -0.06787109375, -0.341796875, 2.796875, 0.11669921875, 0.89453125, -0.515625, 1.1171875, -1.1171875, 0.41015625, -0.154296875, -0.6875, 1.3671875, -0.28515625, 0.40234375, 2.671875, -1.96875, -1.125, -1.4453125, 2.828125, 0.2060546875, -2.5, 0.90625, 2.703125, 1.0625, 0.9609375, 1.625, -1.4765625, 2.390625, -1.8515625, -0.330078125, -1.6171875, -1.1015625, 0.98828125, -1.2265625, 0.33984375, -1.546875, 1.3203125, -2.3125, -0.05859375, 2.15625, 0.578125, -1.0859375, 2.03125, 0.26171875, -0.75390625, -0.353515625, 1.109375, 0.69140625, 0.443359375, 0.2314453125, 1.0234375, -2.34375, 1.1875, -0.55078125, 1.0078125, 0.42578125, -1.7109375, -0.76953125, 0.95703125, 1.28125, 1.359375, -2.015625, 0.75, -0.56640625, -0.85546875, -2.28125, 0.703125, -0.25390625, -1.609375, 1.171875, -1.15625, 1.359375, 2.171875, 0.33984375, 1.421875, -0.84765625, -1.015625, -1.28125, -1.5546875, 0.061767578125, -0.9296875, 0.046630859375, 1.8984375, -0.423828125, -0.765625, 0.2265625, 0.255859375, 1.171875, -0.71875, 0.65625, -0.65625, -0.10791015625, 2.703125, -1.984375, 1.1171875, 0.66015625, -0.32421875, 0.6328125, -0.5703125, 1.5703125, 1.0703125, 0.3359375, 1.296875, 0.64453125, -0.447265625, 0.9765625, -1.5859375, 0.52734375, -0.3203125, 0.69140625, 2.828125, 1.625, -0.5078125, -0.921875, 0.2412109375, 1.2578125, -1.4609375, 0.83984375, -0.443359375, -0.40234375, -1.1953125, 1.421875, 0.32421875, 0.6953125, -0.7109375, -0.3046875, -0.048828125, 1.7578125, 0.51953125, 0.57421875, -1.890625, -0.431640625, 0.4140625, -2.078125, 0.41796875, 2.453125, -0.5859375, -1.21875, -1.0703125, 1.234375, 1.296875, -1.109375, -2.515625, -0.0279541015625, 0.359375, -2.21875, -0.330078125, 1.6875, -1.9296875, 1.3046875, 1.7578125, 0.20703125, 0.7578125, 0.09912109375, -2.171875, 0.77734375, 0.451171875, -0.279296875, -1.09375, -1.671875, -0.7265625, 0.390625, 1.546875, -0.263671875, -0.09619140625, -0.96484375, 0.78125, -0.3359375, -2.140625, -1.2109375, -1.3125, -2.578125, -1.046875, 1.2578125, 1.9140625, 0.1474609375, 0.232421875, -1.7578125, 0.9296875, 0.1552734375, 1.8828125, 0.08349609375, -0.80859375, -0.1337890625, -0.283203125, 2.359375, 0.58984375, -3.078125, -0.5625, 0.94140625, -0.36328125, 1.0625, -1.2109375, -0.78515625, 0.55078125, -2.59375, 0.01544189453125, -0.69921875, -0.97265625, 0.22265625, 1.3984375, 0.27734375, -0.8125, 0.61328125, 0.92578125, 0.90625, -2.359375, -0.59375, -2.203125, -0.47265625, 0.8359375, -0.1318359375, -1.0625, -0.1806640625, -1.4609375, -1.390625, -2.21875, 1.5546875, 0.2421875, 0.99609375, 0.0830078125, 0.62109375, -1.3125, -1.609375, 0.765625, -0.796875, 1.3203125, -1.9140625, -0.75390625, 0.349609375, 0.44921875, -0.466796875, 0.1376953125, -0.61328125, -1.3984375, 0.91796875, -0.6171875, -0.29296875, 0.09912109375, 1.859375, 1.046875, -1.4453125, -1.46875, -1.109375, 0.4140625, -2.015625, 0.78125, -1.703125, -0.419921875, 1.5625, -0.126953125, 0.1328125, -1.21875, -0.67578125, 1.9453125, -0.8515625, -2, -2.1875, 0.451171875, 0.2578125, 0.9296875, -1.296875, 0.90625, -0.361328125, -1.8671875, 0.66015625, -0.3828125, 0.6015625, -0.337890625, -0.60546875, 0.2021484375, -0.65625, 0.44140625, -0.1435546875, -0.0654296875, 0.1728515625, 0.2275390625, -1.0390625, 0.341796875, 0.1572265625, -0.71484375, 0.14453125, 0.275390625, 0.337890625, -0.2177734375, 1.0546875, 0.48828125, 2.40625, -0.0849609375, 0.267578125, 1.265625, 2.796875, 1.203125, -0.0081787109375, -1.921875, -0.107421875, -0.068359375, -1.59375, -0.26171875, -2.3125, 1.0625, 1.125, -1.8125, -0.84375, 1.6484375, 0.1220703125, 0.203125, 0.29296875, -2.046875, 3.453125, 1.171875, -1.75, -1.2890625, 1.125, -0.0235595703125, -0.2197265625, -0.494140625, -0.68359375, -1.796875, 0.9609375, 0.5078125, -1.9765625, 1.1953125, -2.234375, 0.60546875, -0.2451171875, 1.3125, 0.12890625, 0.216796875, 0.46484375, -1.484375, -0.78125, 1.1328125, -0.8359375, 2.21875, 1.8828125, 0.35546875, -0.7578125, -0.458984375, -0.859375, -0.1357421875, 1.4921875, -0.7265625, -1.03125, 0.9921875, 1.4921875, -0.251953125, -1.875, 0.56640625, 1.5390625, -1.1640625, 0.83203125, -0.79296875, 0.07666015625, -0.55078125, -1.25, -1.5078125, -1.5625, -0.62890625, 0.376953125, -1.5703125, 0.3828125, -0.1376953125, -0.2294921875, 1.3984375, -0.66015625, -0.05517578125, -3.0625, 2.9375, -0.1494140625, 2.0625, -0.734375, -1.015625, -1.109375, 0.306640625, 1.78125, 2.234375, -0.5859375, -0.6875, 0.76171875, 0.427734375, 0.58984375, 0.25, 0.859375, -0.33203125, 0.365234375, 0.240234375, 2.515625, -0.1640625, 1.0078125, -0.5625, 2.28125, 0.189453125, 0.2275390625, -2.03125, -1.1953125, 0.1806640625, -0.85546875, -1.015625, -1.140625, -0.8203125, -1.6953125, -0.9296875, 3.359375, -1.28125, -1.859375, 0.765625, -0.04052734375, -1.6484375, 1.8359375, 1.015625, 0.90625, 2.140625, -0.86328125, 0.60546875, -0.65234375, -0.1845703125, -1.8046875, -1.5390625, -1.015625, -0.154296875, 0.322265625, -0.37890625, -0.31640625, -0.353515625, 1.0078125, -0.35546875, -1.4921875, 2.609375, -0.1787109375, -0.287109375, -1.2109375, -2.21875, 0.96484375, -0.158203125, 0.5703125, -0.447265625, 0.06982421875, 0.84765625, 2.296875, -2.03125, -0.63671875, -0.9609375, -0.8359375, 0.1162109375, -0.51953125, -0.54296875, 1.6328125, 0.265625, -1.3359375, -0.609375, -0.515625, 1.234375, 0.076171875, 0.296875, -0.2158203125, -0.625, 1.6953125, -0.80859375, 1.109375, 0.369140625, 0.81640625, 0.1982421875, 1.1328125, -0.6484375, 0.58984375, 2.296875, -0.1455078125, 1.1328125, 0.1279296875, 0.177734375, 0.1845703125, -0.443359375, 0.48828125, -0.0830078125, -0.3515625, 0.5703125, -0.81640625, -0.765625, -1.0546875, -2.296875, 1.8515625, -1.875, -0.765625, -0.38671875, -0.94140625, -0.92578125, 2.21875, 1.2109375, 0.9765625, -1.671875, -0.921875, -2.671875, -0.6953125, -0.6328125, -0.59375, 0.921875, -0.484375, -1.7109375, -1.2890625, -1.578125, -1.9375, -0.26171875, 2.25, 2.671875, 0.65625, 0.61328125, -0.14453125, -0.26171875, 1.8125, 0.828125, -2.140625, -0.7421875, -0.40625, 2.375, -0.2470703125, 0.361328125, 0.97265625, 0.392578125, -0.93359375, 1.28125, -2.890625, -0.265625, -0.26953125, -0.486328125, -0.2060546875, 0.376953125, -2.109375, 1.21875, 1.3828125, 1.765625, -1.1875, 2.0625, 0.1171875, -2.5625, -1.796875, -0.67578125, 0.306640625, 0.51171875, -0.64453125, 0.365234375, -0.72265625, 0.94921875, -3.171875, -0.73046875, -0.306640625, 0.0947265625, -1.1640625, 0.01251220703125, 1.0625, -2, -0.203125, 0.80078125, -0.5703125, -0.19140625, -0.34375, 0.625, 0.16015625, 1.75, 1.484375, -0.71875, 1.3203125, -0.96875, -1.4609375, -0.84765625, 1.4453125, 1.328125, 0.49609375, 1.421875, 0.96875, 0.431640625, 0.28125, 1.125, -1.3984375, 0.75, -2.078125, 0.8046875, -1.046875, 0.58984375, 0.734375, 1.75, -1.1171875, -1.3828125, -1.625, 0.2470703125, -0.224609375, 0.169921875, 0.34375, 0.39453125, -1.1171875, -1.53125, 0.6953125, -0.96875, 0.57421875, -0.76171875, -0.78125, -1.0703125, 1.0546875, -1.40625, 1.09375, 0.30078125, 0.5546875, -0.546875, 2.171875, 1.6875, -0.7109375, 1.640625, 0.65625, 0.0322265625, 0.466796875, 0.9921875, -0.73046875, -2.234375, -0.1123046875, -0.9921875, -0.384765625, 0.796875, -1.8203125, -0.65234375, 2.09375, -0.052734375, -0.1845703125, 0.2578125, -1.3828125, -0.1552734375, 1.5390625, -1.2265625, -0.1884765625, 1.0703125, 1.0078125, 0.57421875, 0.38671875, -2.140625, -1.53125, 2.171875, -0.78515625, -0.84765625, 0.5625, -1.640625, -1.015625, 0.921875, -0.65234375, 0.65625, -0.05859375, -1.1796875, -0.98828125, 0.53125, -1.0390625, -0.0595703125, -1.1015625, 0.41796875, -0.59375, -0.765625, -0.388671875, -0.92578125, -0.6640625, -1.203125, 0.2021484375, 0.00787353515625, -2.171875, -0.72265625, 2.21875, -1.5234375, 0.044921875, 0.1357421875, 2.15625, 0.279296875, -0.5546875, -0.0498046875, 1.0703125, 0.1455078125, 0.44140625, -0.06591796875, -1.015625, 0.87890625, 0.1494140625, -1.6796875, 1.6171875, 1.4375, -0.353515625, -0.1650390625, 0.859375, 0.640625, 0.400390625, 1.84375, -0.43359375, -0.9921875, -0.99609375, 0.7578125, 0.3359375, -0.30859375, 0.9140625, 0.1640625, -0.625, 0.625, -1.9375, -2.75, -1.1796875, -0.48046875, 0.337890625, -0.9140625, 0.7109375, 1.5234375, -0.8828125, 1.3828125, 0.90234375, 0.74609375, 2.203125, 1.109375, -1.5078125, -0.53515625, 0.1826171875, -0.21484375, -0.61328125, -0.484375, -0.65625, 1.1015625, -0.384765625, -1.59375, -0.01611328125, -1.21875, 2.21875, 0.33984375, 0.9765625, -0.41796875, 1.90625, 0.9453125, -0.28515625, 2.453125, 0.5546875, -2.328125, 0.294921875, -1.6328125, 0.0986328125, 0.984375, -0.298828125, -1.21875, -1.28125, 1.984375, 0.0267333984375, 0.10302734375, -1.6328125, -0.9765625, -0.62890625, 1.6640625, -0.306640625, -0.7890625, -0.546875, -2.34375, -0.0615234375, -2.15625, 2.109375, -0.3125, -1.1953125, 0.2275390625, 1.3984375, -1.40625, 2.015625, -0.55859375, 0.02294921875, 2.75, 0.8359375, 1.046875, -1.5546875, 1.2109375, 0.0311279296875, -1.171875, -0.74609375, 1.78125, 0.5546875, 0.33203125, -0.08837890625, 0.5390625, 1.03125, 1.5703125, -1.0625, -0.53125, 0.67578125, 2.4375, -0.52734375, -1.3671875, -0.67578125, -1.1015625, 1.8125, -2.078125, 0.93359375, -1.40625, -1.7734375, 0.375, 0.1640625, 1.1171875, -2.3125, -1.2578125, -0.138671875, -0.46875, -1.703125, 1.7265625, 2.5625, 0.40234375, -0.1474609375, -1.5703125, 1.0078125, 1.453125, 2.890625, -0.578125, 1.6015625, 0.88671875, 0.0272216796875, 1.0546875, -2.578125, 1.4609375, 0.4609375, -0.7265625, 0.55078125, -1.1484375, -0.625, 1.75, 0.59765625, -0.578125, 0.9296875, -0.1005859375, -1.625, 2.140625, 0.95703125, -0.232421875, 0.09716796875, 1.8203125, -0.94140625, 1.5078125, -0.65234375, 0.34375, -0.78515625, 1.6171875, 0.36328125, -0.69140625, -0.099609375, 0.34765625, -1.8125, 0.99609375, -1.3046875, -0.8984375, 1.1875, 1.875, -0.11767578125, 0.5390625, 1.171875, 0.98828125, 0.6484375, -0.33203125, -0.1826171875, 0.6640625, 1.484375, 0.271484375, -0.328125, 0.50390625, 2.234375, -1.703125, -2.125, -0.65234375, 0.09130859375, 0.859375, -0.98828125, -1.1015625, -0.002044677734375, -0.09716796875, 0.92578125, -0.3125, 2.203125, 0.51171875, 2.0625, 1.0078125, 2.421875, 1.46875, 1.984375, -0.98828125, -1.3203125, 0.251953125, 1.515625, 0.85546875, -1.5703125, 1.125, 0.984375, 1.7734375, -1.5625, 1.375, 0.107421875, -1.578125, -1.4921875, 1.3515625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534608968
Why Simulate? To Develop a Mental Model
Computer simulations, one of the most powerful tools of science, have many uses.This paper concentrates on the benefits to the social science researcher.Based on our, somewhat paradoxical experiences we had when working with computer simulations, we argue that the main benefit for the researchers who work with computer simulations is to develop a mental model of the abstract process they are simulating.The development of a mental model results in a deeper understating of the process and in the capacity to predict both the behavior of the system and its reaction to changes of control parameters and interventions.By internalizing computer simulations as a mental model, however, the researcher also internalizes the limitations of the simulation.Limitations of the computer simulation may translate into unconscious constrains in thinking when using the mental model.This perspective offers new recommendations for the development of computer simulations and highlights the importance of visualization.The recommendations are different from the recommendations for developing efficient and fast running simulations; for example, to visualize the dynamics of the process it may be better for the program to run slowly.
[ 0.173828125, 0.26171875, 3.421875, 0.357421875, -1.6640625, -2.109375, -2, -0.6484375, 1.1015625, -1.6640625, 1.0546875, 1.2578125, 1.0859375, -0.392578125, 0.80078125, 0.2578125, -0.6171875, -0.55078125, -0.95703125, -0.14453125, -0.53515625, 0.34765625, -2.6875, 0.69921875, 0.8515625, 0.240234375, 0.134765625, -1.6484375, 1.0546875, 0.78515625, 0.9375, 0.1171875, -1.1171875, 0.91796875, 1.03125, 0.75390625, -0.12890625, 1.78125, -0.61328125, 1.4453125, -0.244140625, -1.2578125, 0.5234375, -0.73828125, -0.65234375, 0.53515625, 0.71484375, -1.6171875, -1.1328125, -3.0625, -0.173828125, 0.81640625, 1.3046875, -0.91015625, 0.11376953125, 2.0625, -0.765625, -0.08740234375, 1.2890625, -0.0927734375, -0.58203125, -0.04296875, -0.1015625, -1.1015625, 0.00848388671875, -0.01263427734375, 0.048095703125, 0.5, 1.25, -0.546875, 1.9609375, 0.486328125, -1.9609375, 0.158203125, 1.453125, 0.88671875, 0.349609375, 0.96875, -0.111328125, -1.8828125, 1.5078125, -0.0179443359375, -1.0625, 1.0078125, -0.2451171875, 1.8515625, -0.48046875, 1.5, 1.1484375, 0.5, 0.1005859375, 0.7890625, -1.234375, 0.34375, 0.53515625, -0.83203125, -0.498046875, 0.78515625, -2.65625, 1.796875, 0.52734375, -0.78515625, 0.6640625, 0.37890625, -1.09375, 1.7578125, -0.75, -2.25, -1.109375, 0.8984375, -0.75390625, -0.2255859375, 0.60546875, -0.03271484375, 3.1875, 1.0625, -0.000530242919921875, 1.109375, -0.62890625, 0.0439453125, 0.318359375, -0.8515625, 0.02783203125, 0.494140625, 1.3125, 0.55859375, -0.0439453125, 0.1953125, -0.267578125, -0.796875, 1.8671875, 1.9296875, 1.4453125, -0.6953125, 1.0078125, -0.828125, 0.765625, 0.82421875, 3.484375, 1.6875, -1.453125, 0.88671875, -0.6875, -1.59375, -0.8203125, -0.76953125, 0.4921875, 0.2734375, -0.51953125, 0.078125, -0.1875, -0.82421875, 1.0078125, 1.421875, 2.90625, -0.4765625, -2.046875, 0.91796875, 1.109375, -2.484375, -0.234375, -0.10791015625, 1.3671875, -0.0498046875, 1.0859375, 0.98828125, -0.97265625, -0.58203125, 0.6015625, 0.8046875, 0.4921875, -0.326171875, 0.609375, -1.203125, 2.09375, -1.015625, -1.890625, -0.26953125, 0.423828125, -0.61328125, 1.328125, 1.125, -0.1572265625, -0.6484375, 1.375, 1.71875, -1.1875, -0.8515625, -1.8828125, 0.54296875, -0.48828125, -1.328125, -2.484375, 1.234375, 0.53125, -0.3515625, -0.2197265625, 1.1875, 0.443359375, -0.470703125, -1.9765625, 0.392578125, -0.10107421875, -0.71875, 0.74609375, 0.921875, 1.0703125, 0.2421875, 0.32421875, 0.267578125, -1.609375, -1.484375, -1, 1.40625, -0.01519775390625, -0.1689453125, 0.55859375, 1.1875, 1.28125, -0.640625, 2.25, 0.7890625, -0.95703125, 0.359375, -1.1171875, -2.171875, 0.11669921875, 1.40625, -0.95703125, -0.1083984375, 0.1396484375, 2.359375, -0.04931640625, 0.388671875, -0.640625, -0.007049560546875, 0.1884765625, 0.5234375, 1.109375, 0.33203125, 1.5078125, 0.1298828125, -0.5625, 1.1796875, 1.4921875, -0.1953125, 0.51953125, -2.3125, 0.08984375, -0.419921875, 2.171875, 0.703125, -0.6015625, 0.09375, -0.78125, 0.01263427734375, 0.478515625, 0.052001953125, 1.6640625, -1.3671875, 1.09375, 1.4765625, -1.09375, -1.1015625, -1.5234375, 0.1708984375, -0.6796875, 0.25390625, 0.45703125, 0.478515625, 0.208984375, -2.609375, 0.099609375, -0.22265625, -0.265625, -0.158203125, -1.46875, -1.6484375, -0.6171875, -0.83203125, -0.90625, -0.75390625, -2.40625, 1.25, -0.5859375, 1.2421875, 0.06787109375, -1.3671875, -0.69921875, -1.25, -0.640625, -0.76953125, -1.5859375, 0.279296875, 0.53125, -0.125, 0.0849609375, 2.640625, 1.3359375, 1.3125, 0.1708984375, 2.171875, -0.40625, 0.5859375, 1.8671875, -0.75, -0.703125, -1.2578125, 2.171875, 0.96484375, -0.65234375, 0.09423828125, -0.89453125, 0.11328125, -0.291015625, 1.5859375, -0.44921875, -1.03125, 1.7734375, -0.91796875, 1.1171875, 0.462890625, 0.021240234375, -0.87109375, -0.19921875, -0.228515625, -1.8203125, -1.265625, 0.69921875, 0.82421875, -0.419921875, -0.51953125, 1.3828125, -0.76171875, 0.9140625, 0.69921875, -0.625, 0.322265625, 2.390625, -0.1611328125, 1.265625, -2.453125, -1.609375, -2.25, 1.8984375, 2.109375, -2.046875, -0.77734375, 0.53515625, -1.3984375, 1.671875, -0.13671875, 2.453125, 0.236328125, -1.140625, -0.81640625, 2.25, -2.25, -1.1796875, 0.201171875, 0.77734375, 0.55859375, -2, 0.7421875, 1.46875, 1.7421875, -0.353515625, 0.81640625, -0.056640625, -0.0255126953125, 0.73046875, -0.94140625, -1.21875, 0.5234375, 2.28125, 1.9453125, -1.8203125, -0.796875, 0.6171875, 2.125, -1.0078125, 0.65234375, -0.77734375, -0.333984375, 2.515625, 2.046875, -0.703125, -0.5078125, 0.056640625, 1.5546875, 1.5, 0.07666015625, -1.75, -1, 0.9921875, -1.703125, 1.828125, -2.1875, -0.330078125, 0.271484375, -2.015625, 0.28515625, 2.0625, -0.46875, -0.09765625, -0.5546875, -1.53125, -1.3359375, -0.365234375, -0.373046875, -1.484375, -0.7578125, 0.76953125, -0.671875, -0.80078125, -0.9296875, 0.0830078125, 0.484375, 0.71875, -1.2734375, -0.84375, -0.1318359375, 0.302734375, -0.28515625, 0.380859375, 0.61328125, 1.6171875, 1.8125, -2.03125, 2.1875, 0.255859375, -1.15625, -0.48828125, 0.81640625, 0.1552734375, -0.057373046875, 0.0986328125, -0.1904296875, -1.9765625, -0.4140625, 1.015625, -2.953125, 1.09375, -0.1923828125, 0.470703125, 0.1357421875, 0.455078125, -0.166015625, -0.294921875, 1.2890625, 1.15625, -1.9921875, -0.84765625, -1.15625, 0.1435546875, 0.9921875, 0.1376953125, -0.384765625, -1.34375, 0.875, -0.81640625, -0.76171875, 0.4375, 0.060791015625, 2.09375, -1.2578125, -0.125, 0.71484375, -0.201171875, -0.0966796875, 0.77734375, -0.060302734375, -0.47265625, 0.54296875, -1.0390625, 0.345703125, -0.50390625, 0.298828125, -1.7421875, 0.2236328125, 0.421875, 0.80078125, 0.00799560546875, 0.345703125, -1.3515625, 1.015625, 0.6171875, 0.48828125, 1.03125, 0.318359375, -0.248046875, -0.52734375, -0.1630859375, 0.294921875, 1.6640625, 0.68359375, 0.6796875, 0.57421875, -1.15625, 0.71484375, -1.5625, -1.75, -3.078125, -0.49609375, 0.6015625, 1.0859375, -1.1875, -1.9453125, -1.5078125, -0.353515625, 1.3515625, 0.51953125, -0.75390625, -1.453125, 0.8203125, 0.66015625, 2.21875, 0.8359375, 1.515625, -1.9375, 0.625, -0.99609375, -0.5703125, -0.34765625, 0.166015625, 0.15625, 2.703125, 1.1171875, -1.28125, -2.953125, 0.4296875, -1.6015625, 0.8046875, 1.15625, -0.48828125, -1.484375, 0.609375, -0.65234375, 2.9375, -0.68359375, 0.039794921875, 0.2041015625, 0.30859375, -0.171875, 1.7578125, 0.33203125, -0.07568359375, 2.125, -0.447265625, 0.6953125, -1.40625, 0.00958251953125, -0.7265625, -0.1435546875, 0.96484375, 1.7109375, 0.07421875, 0.70703125, 1.1484375, -1.2421875, -0.69140625, -0.490234375, -0.7890625, 2.734375, 0.93359375, -0.53515625, 0.57421875, -1.9140625, 2.875, 0.46875, -1.765625, 0.2451171875, -0.1748046875, 0.470703125, 2.421875, -0.357421875, -0.466796875, -0.04150390625, 0.36328125, 0.13671875, 1.0078125, -0.63671875, -1.5390625, 1.203125, 0.0888671875, 1.015625, 1.9921875, -0.1435546875, -0.80859375, -1.234375, -2.765625, -1.2421875, -0.1455078125, 1.6171875, 0.0625, -0.1259765625, -0.10107421875, 1.2421875, 0.60546875, 1.546875, 0.8359375, 1.6640625, 0.93359375, 0.59375, -0.09033203125, 0.45703125, 0.5, 0.6171875, 0.5234375, -0.01275634765625, 0.2177734375, -0.859375, 0.6171875, -0.2177734375, 0.177734375, -1.046875, 0.87890625, -1.0859375, -0.028564453125, 0.7890625, 0.435546875, 0.298828125, 1.1015625, 0.486328125, 1.203125, -1.3046875, -1.0546875, -0.8515625, -0.01953125, 0.2255859375, -1.4140625, -0.08251953125, -0.1962890625, -2.828125, -0.0712890625, -2.09375, -2.921875, -0.67578125, 1.6953125, -0.59765625, 0.953125, 0.88671875, 0.57421875, -0.2265625, -0.033447265625, 0.296875, -1.859375, 0.01129150390625, -1.0546875, 2.734375, -1.109375, 1.296875, 0.58203125, -0.94921875, 0.259765625, -0.578125, -2.21875, 0.70703125, -0.87109375, 0.1220703125, 0.60546875, 1.2890625, 0.3125, 0.017578125, 0.5546875, 2.65625, -1.0625, -0.2578125, -0.703125, -0.478515625, -0.3671875, 0.3984375, -0.2021484375, 1.3515625, 0.6640625, 1.34375, -0.828125, 3.203125, -0.94921875, 0.002166748046875, -0.322265625, 0.08935546875, -1.21875, -2.8125, 0.86328125, -1.421875, 0.5859375, -0.06396484375, -0.8203125, 0.4453125, 0.447265625, -0.64453125, 0.85546875, 1.8203125, 1.6875, 2.6875, 0.400390625, -0.46484375, 0.42578125, -0.330078125, 0.404296875, 0.7578125, 0.1865234375, -1.015625, 1.34375, -0.390625, -0.04931640625, 1.75, 0.7734375, -1.2578125, 0.75, 0.486328125, 0.474609375, 0.56640625, 0.26171875, -0.00390625, 0.9140625, 0.5546875, 0.13671875, -0.52734375, -0.73828125, 2.15625, 1.5078125, -1.3359375, -0.142578125, -0.73828125, 0.07470703125, 2.375, 0.369140625, -0.205078125, -0.62109375, -0.291015625, 0.9140625, -1.03125, -0.6796875, -0.35546875, -0.208984375, 2.59375, 2.328125, 0.7109375, -1.6171875, 2.1875, -1.3125, 0.03662109375, -1.125, -1.9921875, 0.484375, -1.921875, -0.294921875, -0.146484375, -2.171875, 0.6484375, -1.09375, 0.1005859375, 0.5390625, 0.376953125, -1.1328125, -0.5859375, -0.7578125, -1.640625, 1.265625, -2.140625, 0.82421875, -1.5390625, 1.390625, -1.1328125, 0.431640625, -1.421875, -1.640625, 0.38671875, -0.828125, -1.2734375, 2.265625, -0.1591796875, 0.0751953125, -0.50390625, -0.1533203125, -0.455078125, -1.125, -0.90625, -2.5625, -1.6328125, 1.1328125, 0.83203125, 0.09423828125, 0.275390625, -1.125, 0.8671875, -1.109375, -1.453125, 0.0419921875, -1.1171875, -0.53125, 0.23046875, -0.236328125, 0.29296875, 0.330078125, 0.0732421875, 0.9296875, 0.53125, 0.859375, -0.6484375, 1.1484375, -0.5703125, -1.875, 0.73828125, 1.1640625, 0.72265625, 0.26953125, -0.0537109375, 1.890625, -0.31640625, 3.234375, 1.203125, 0.984375, -1.1484375, 0.50390625, 0.8359375, 0.796875, 1.96875, -1.640625, 1.171875, -0.005340576171875, 0.3515625, 0.46875, 2.34375, -0.490234375, -0.40625, -2.734375, 1.8046875, -2.171875, -1.9453125, -0.984375, -0.248046875, 2.109375, -0.39453125, -0.85546875, 0.9609375, -0.6328125, 1.75, 0.14453125, 0.54296875, 1.875, 1.40625, -0.84765625, -1.6953125, 1.1953125, 0.486328125, -1.3046875, -1.3125, -0.91015625, 0.546875, 1.0703125, -0.14453125, -0.341796875, 0.283203125, 1.8671875, -0.00897216796875, 1.140625, 0.63671875, 0.40234375, 1.0546875, 1.4296875, 1.234375, 1.3515625, -2.4375, 0.1611328125, -0.890625, -0.1552734375, 0.08740234375, -1.390625, 1.3515625, 0.8203125, 1.6484375, 0.80078125, -1.6640625, -0.16015625, -1.4921875, 0.765625, 1.7890625, -1.546875, -1.1484375, -1.7421875, 0.78515625, -0.5546875, -1.7265625, 0.00482177734375, 0.4140625, 0.47265625, -0.57421875, 1.328125, 0.90625, -1.046875, -0.6875, -1.3984375, 0.98046875, -2.109375, -0.345703125, -1.6875, 1.734375, 0.216796875, 0.13671875, -0.71484375, 0.98046875, -1.8515625, 0.63671875, -2.15625, -0.08154296875, 0.2060546875, -0.64453125, -1.96875, -0.039794921875, 0.00335693359375, -0.72265625, 0.9140625, 0.1279296875, 0.3671875, -1.4375, 1.046875, -0.1474609375, 1.875, 0.2197265625, -0.1494140625, 0.73046875, 0.4609375, -0.15234375, -0.359375, 0.96484375, -0.169921875, -1.015625, -0.91796875, -0.578125, 0.4921875, -0.396484375, -0.30078125, -1.3359375, -1.1640625, -0.69921875, 0.2734375, 0.02294921875, 0.9375, 1.1015625, -0.1640625, 0.011962890625, -0.1142578125, 0.3671875, 1.265625, -0.93359375, -1.4140625, 1.6640625, -1.1171875, -0.466796875, 0.5, -0.59765625, 0.76171875, -1.1796875, -1.5703125, 0.1875, -0.2373046875, -1.484375, -0.58984375, 1.4453125, -0.79296875, -0.0242919921875, 0.318359375, -0.73046875, -0.7734375, 3.65625, 1.046875, -0.4453125, -0.82421875, 1.375, -2.796875, -0.1904296875, 0.291015625, 0.60546875, -1.421875, 0.87890625, 0.5625, -0.095703125, 0.055419921875, -1.484375, 1.1015625, 0.59765625, -0.80859375, 1.0078125, 1.6484375, 0.97265625, -0.216796875, -1.1875, 3.265625, -1.53125, -1.2734375, 0.71875, -1.15625, 0.046875, 0.478515625, -1.28125, -0.9375, -0.388671875, 0.69140625, -0.91796875, 1.53125, 0.6875, 1.46875, -0.1259765625, -0.82421875, 1.0546875, 0.06103515625, -0.291015625, -1.2265625, 1.4609375, -0.5390625, 0.181640625, -0.37890625, -0.193359375, -0.5234375, 0.390625, 0.26171875, 0.640625, -1.046875, -0.92578125, 0.9375, 1.984375 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534676930
Survival and persistence of nonspore-forming biothreat agents in water
To determine whether nonspore-forming biothreat agents can survive and persist in potable water that does not contain a disinfectant. Autoclaved, de-chlorinated Atlanta municipal water was inoculated with eight isolates of bacterial biothreat agents (10⁶ CFU ml⁻¹). The inoculated water samples were incubated at 5, 8 (Francisella tularensis only) or 25°C and assayed for viability by culture and by the presence of metabolic activity as measured by esterase activity (ScanRDI, AES Chemunex). Viability as determined by culture varied from 1 to 30 days, depending upon the organism and the temperature of the water. All organisms were determined viable as measured by esterase activity for the entire 30 days, regardless of the incubation temperature. Francisella tularensis was culturable for at least 21 days if held at 8°C. The remaining nonspore-forming bacterial biothreat agents were found to be metabolically active for at least 30 days in water held at 5 or 25°C. The data can assist public health officials to determine the safety of drinking water after contamination with a biothreat agent.
[ -2.078125, -0.51171875, 0.099609375, 0.7890625, -0.150390625, -0.16015625, -1.6015625, 1.7265625, -0.064453125, 0.6171875, -1.046875, -0.30859375, 1.09375, 0.296875, 0.97265625, -0.216796875, 0.4296875, -0.10595703125, -0.39453125, 0.1904296875, 0.0264892578125, -0.4609375, -2, 0.412109375, 1, 0.64453125, 1.4296875, -0.9453125, 0.205078125, 0.56640625, 0.890625, 0.89453125, 0.1435546875, -1.78125, 1.28125, 0.80859375, -0.251953125, 0.5390625, -0.7734375, -0.337890625, 0.162109375, -0.314453125, -0.1025390625, 0.02294921875, -0.2001953125, 0.6796875, -0.427734375, 0.0849609375, -1.28125, -0.9453125, 0.07763671875, 0.6875, 2.765625, -0.2490234375, -2.28125, 0.13671875, -2.234375, -0.6953125, 0.3671875, -2.375, -0.7421875, -1.828125, -0.44140625, 0.16015625, 0.65625, 0.44921875, 0.061279296875, 0.78515625, -0.47265625, 0.796875, 1.9921875, 0.11083984375, 0.53125, -0.3359375, 0.0556640625, 0.9609375, 0.12109375, 1.2578125, 1.796875, 0.75390625, -1.7265625, -1.078125, -1.171875, 1.6328125, -0.248046875, 1, -1.1640625, 2.109375, -0.224609375, 0.5, -1.09375, 0.296875, -0.3046875, 0.3515625, 0.2734375, 0.208984375, 1.09375, -1.125, -1.5390625, 0.7734375, -0.125, -0.2275390625, -0.220703125, -1.09375, 0.53125, 0.90234375, -0.58984375, -1.109375, -0.8828125, -0.03466796875, 0.41015625, -0.2119140625, 1.34375, 0.61328125, 1.40625, 0.404296875, 0.45703125, 2.03125, 0.470703125, -0.466796875, -0.1533203125, -0.5625, 0.66796875, 0.5546875, 2.484375, 0.3359375, -1.6796875, 0.4765625, 1.265625, -0.8984375, -0.0986328125, -1.3984375, -0.90625, 0.75390625, 0.142578125, 0.047119140625, 0.8046875, 0.99609375, 2.109375, -0.072265625, -1.0703125, 0.369140625, 0.3046875, -1.515625, -1.5, 0.40625, -0.076171875, 1.5, 0.392578125, 0.154296875, 0.953125, -1.40625, 0.353515625, 1.8359375, 0.88671875, 1.1953125, -1.3046875, 1.5625, 0.275390625, -1.1640625, -0.83984375, -0.455078125, 1.65625, -0.482421875, 0.1357421875, 0.52734375, -1.890625, 0.578125, -0.34765625, 0.3203125, -0.6953125, -1.03125, 0.341796875, 0.201171875, 0.146484375, -0.94921875, 0.232421875, 1.625, 0.9609375, -0.5078125, 0.38671875, 1, -1.546875, -0.55078125, 1.4453125, 0.5234375, -0.322265625, -0.7265625, -1.1640625, 0.5625, 1.828125, -0.48828125, -2.375, 2.265625, -1.65625, 0.10205078125, 0.5234375, 0.8671875, -0.1279296875, -0.98828125, -0.326171875, 0.8828125, 0.71875, 0.314453125, -0.375, -0.271484375, -0.1455078125, -0.0184326171875, 1.5234375, -0.380859375, -0.89453125, -0.86328125, 0.51953125, -1.140625, -0.50390625, -0.91796875, -0.478515625, 0.85546875, 0.1298828125, -0.6015625, 0.26171875, 1.1796875, 0.0172119140625, -1.171875, 0.1337890625, -1.046875, 1.2578125, 0.890625, -0.08349609375, -0.18359375, 0.67578125, -0.2158203125, 0.7890625, -0.042724609375, -0.26171875, -0.67578125, 0.310546875, -1.7109375, 0.30078125, 1.171875, 2.28125, -0.376953125, -0.361328125, 0.435546875, -0.3046875, 0.328125, 2.046875, -0.75390625, -0.6953125, 0.2333984375, 1.40625, -1.6171875, -0.33203125, -0.6484375, -0.80078125, 0.451171875, 0.09521484375, 0.24609375, 0.58984375, -0.56640625, 0.93359375, 0.4609375, -0.515625, 0.83984375, -1.890625, 0.37109375, -0.609375, -0.55859375, -0.609375, 0.34375, 0.0966796875, -0.8984375, -0.400390625, -0.62109375, -0.19921875, 0.75390625, 0.3515625, -0.53515625, -1.0546875, 0.02978515625, -1.4375, -0.259765625, 0.38671875, -0.66015625, 0.8203125, -0.1162109375, -0.8828125, 0.74609375, -0.80859375, -0.8671875, -0.388671875, -1.015625, 0.0235595703125, 0.3671875, 0.62890625, -1.5546875, 0.27734375, 1.1015625, -0.6015625, 0.76171875, -0.34375, 0.88671875, -0.61328125, -1.328125, 0.5078125, -2.03125, -0.625, -0.427734375, 1.71875, 0.33203125, -0.498046875, 0.69140625, -1.3359375, 1.265625, 1.9765625, -0.73828125, -0.17578125, -1.15625, 1.2109375, -0.77734375, 0.5078125, 0.375, 0.1640625, -0.302734375, -1.40625, 0.0206298828125, 0.1875, -0.0869140625, -1.2421875, 0.0225830078125, -0.54296875, -1.03125, 1.4765625, 0.75, -2.03125, -0.322265625, -0.6875, -0.69140625, 1.2265625, -0.71875, 0.7890625, -0.416015625, -1.7421875, -0.84375, 0.1474609375, -0.1845703125, -0.0966796875, -2.109375, -0.00335693359375, -1.984375, 0.27734375, 2.21875, 0.39453125, -0.94140625, -0.71484375, 0.494140625, 0.3671875, 0.365234375, -0.171875, 0.4140625, -0.67578125, -1.453125, -0.7265625, 2.109375, 0.8671875, -0.416015625, -0.1416015625, 0.1455078125, 0.201171875, 0.2490234375, 0.78515625, -1.84375, -0.45703125, 0.88671875, 0.76171875, 0.75390625, -0.59765625, -1.7578125, -0.69921875, 1.8984375, -0.482421875, -0.43359375, -0.6875, 1.6328125, 1.0078125, 1.984375, 0.380859375, 0.07763671875, 0.150390625, 1.46875, 0.7734375, -0.056640625, -2.28125, 1.7890625, -0.12890625, 0.73046875, 0.63671875, -1.625, -0.5078125, -1.9375, 0.71484375, 2.03125, 0.8046875, -0.37890625, -1.5078125, -0.75390625, -1.1796875, -0.74609375, -0.921875, 1.34375, -0.93359375, 0.55078125, 1.609375, -0.2490234375, 0.431640625, -0.26953125, 0.57421875, -0.41796875, -1.265625, -1.1171875, 1.28125, -1.8828125, -1.0078125, -0.1455078125, -0.7734375, 1.1640625, -0.078125, 1.2734375, -1.8828125, -0.0291748046875, 1.328125, 0.80859375, 0.77734375, -0.1708984375, 1.015625, -0.1494140625, 0.92578125, 0.0390625, -1.875, 0.7265625, 0.439453125, -0.2060546875, -0.279296875, 1.015625, 1.0546875, -0.09619140625, 0.91796875, -0.173828125, 0.67578125, -0.07177734375, 0.447265625, -1.203125, -0.69140625, -0.67578125, 0.2119140625, 0.8125, -0.70703125, -0.8125, 0.1513671875, -0.1943359375, -0.0311279296875, -0.99609375, 0.0111083984375, 1.1953125, -1.2578125, -0.40625, 0.3125, 0.341796875, -1.3203125, 1.96875, 0.01031494140625, 0.55859375, -0.69140625, 1.53125, 0.46484375, 0.47265625, 0.033935546875, 0.62890625, 1.0703125, 0.5234375, 2.0625, 0.419921875, -0.28515625, 0.6328125, 0.361328125, 0.447265625, -1.4375, -0.298828125, -0.328125, -1.4921875, 0.01220703125, 0.474609375, 1.171875, -0.58203125, 0.380859375, 0.17578125, -1.6640625, 0.0113525390625, -0.330078125, -0.6796875, -0.208984375, -0.9765625, 0.07275390625, 0.28515625, -0.9375, -0.55859375, -0.365234375, 0.265625, -0.1162109375, 1.421875, 0.8359375, 1.4765625, -0.890625, -0.890625, -0.6015625, 0.58984375, 1.078125, 0.72265625, -0.3359375, -1.3671875, 1.296875, -1.40625, -0.63671875, 0.11376953125, 2.8125, 0.0927734375, 1.2109375, -0.099609375, 1.8125, 0.07275390625, -0.91796875, 0.1748046875, 0.37109375, 1.609375, -0.61328125, 0.29296875, 0.07080078125, 0.275390625, 1.1953125, -0.87109375, -0.72265625, -1.3984375, -1.5703125, -0.1552734375, 0.1552734375, -0.376953125, -0.859375, 1.0390625, 0.443359375, -0.0693359375, -1.2109375, 1.015625, 0.1123046875, -0.96484375, -1.109375, 1.296875, -0.78125, -0.99609375, 1.0234375, -0.02490234375, -0.30859375, -1.109375, 1.6484375, 1.171875, 0.12890625, 1.640625, -0.48046875, -0.333984375, 0.0169677734375, 1.59375, 0.62109375, -0.28515625, 0.78125, 0.73046875, 0.8125, -0.408203125, -0.890625, -0.80078125, 0.251953125, -1.375, -0.23046875, -1.0859375, -0.4921875, 0.84375, -0.41015625, -0.0634765625, 1.921875, -1.453125, -0.061279296875, -1.0859375, -0.45703125, -0.8515625, 0.026123046875, 0.90625, 1.40625, 1.265625, 1.140625, 1.3125, 0.515625, -0.96875, -0.125, 0.8125, -0.58203125, -0.41015625, 0.427734375, 0.5546875, 1.265625, -1.203125, -0.373046875, 0.314453125, 0.75, -1.3828125, 0.984375, 1.5078125, 0.298828125, -0.11376953125, 0.1494140625, -1.015625, 0.294921875, -0.322265625, 1.0703125, -0.56640625, -0.296875, 1.109375, 1.6015625, -0.8125, 0.69921875, -0.486328125, 1.34375, 0.32421875, -2.40625, 0.734375, 0.671875, -2.28125, -0.58203125, -0.3828125, -1.6875, 0.609375, 1.53125, 0.87109375, 1.390625, -0.87890625, 0.73828125, 0.1962890625, -0.39453125, 0.74609375, -1.796875, -1.2578125, -0.984375, 0.8515625, 0.396484375, -0.8125, 0.361328125, 1.375, 0.64453125, 1.375, -0.703125, -0.49609375, 0.076171875, 0.087890625, 0.90234375, 1.25, -0.66796875, 0.296875, 0.2373046875, 0.22265625, -0.1083984375, -0.2294921875, 0.04296875, 1.03125, 0.018798828125, 1.953125, 0.3203125, -0.68359375, -1.21875, 1.203125, 0.99609375, 1.0546875, -0.8984375, -0.51171875, 0.96875, -0.59765625, -0.5078125, 1.625, 0.96875, 0.267578125, -1.1484375, 0.07568359375, 0.9140625, 1.1171875, -0.81640625, 0.76953125, -0.8671875, 1.796875, -0.81640625, -0.443359375, 0.1630859375, 0.58984375, 1.03125, -2.15625, 0.0062255859375, 0.0247802734375, 0.2177734375, -0.61328125, -1.0078125, -0.2578125, 0.1552734375, 1.0546875, 0.55859375, 0.390625, 0.11962890625, 0.2119140625, 0.58984375, 0.50390625, 0.9453125, 1.2109375, 0.9609375, -1.1875, -0.55859375, -0.3828125, 1.1328125, -0.189453125, -0.79296875, 0.310546875, -0.90234375, 0.1533203125, -0.53125, 1.1796875, -0.63671875, 0.9375, -0.90234375, -1.1328125, 2.390625, -1.3515625, 0.087890625, 1.0703125, 0.294921875, 1.1640625, 0.859375, 1.953125, -0.5703125, 1.140625, 0.1396484375, 0.05810546875, 1.1796875, -0.1259765625, -0.81640625, -0.4375, 0.49609375, -0.75, -0.578125, 0.3984375, -1.0703125, 1.7421875, 0.35546875, -1.15625, -0.84765625, -0.83203125, -0.2236328125, -1.578125, 0.134765625, 0.65625, 1.2578125, -0.55859375, 1.625, 1.40625, 0.169921875, -1.1875, 0.388671875, -0.69921875, -1.6015625, -0.294921875, -1.03125, 0.06396484375, 0.1953125, 0.5234375, 0.5546875, -1.515625, -0.8203125, 0.54296875, -0.55859375, -0.1923828125, -0.4765625, 0.023193359375, -1.7265625, -0.3515625, 0.1123046875, -1.2890625, 0.154296875, -1.796875, 0.30078125, 1.015625, -2.265625, -0.255859375, -0.267578125, -0.88671875, -0.138671875, -0.4453125, -1.625, -0.10546875, 1.2578125, 1.578125, 0.7578125, -0.271484375, 0.30078125, 1.5859375, -1.1953125, -1.6328125, -1.96875, -0.036376953125, 0.453125, -1.015625, 0.76953125, 0.11767578125, -1.6953125, 0.298828125, -0.5546875, 1.1171875, -0.1826171875, 1.984375, -0.2333984375, 1.0078125, -0.5078125, -1.3984375, -0.0947265625, -0.1845703125, 0.1396484375, -2, -0.890625, 0.4453125, -0.84765625, -1.203125, -1.453125, 0.014404296875, -0.015380859375, 0.73046875, 0.388671875, -0.1611328125, -0.251953125, 0.8828125, -0.322265625, 1.9765625, 1.453125, -0.07373046875, -0.703125, -0.00054931640625, -0.09912109375, 0.099609375, -0.828125, -1.2890625, 2.53125, -1.34375, -0.061279296875, 0.271484375, 0.07275390625, -0.99609375, -0.451171875, -0.310546875, -0.1318359375, 0.388671875, 1.8671875, 0.55859375, 0.828125, 2.25, -0.1474609375, -1.8828125, 0.43359375, 0.55078125, -0.462890625, 1.3671875, 0.62890625, 2.671875, 0.60546875, 0.05126953125, 0.2470703125, 0.6328125, 0.15234375, -0.232421875, -1.28125, 2.140625, -0.54296875, 0.02734375, -1.4296875, 0.80859375, 2.15625, -0.271484375, 0.392578125, 0.279296875, 0.080078125, -0.28125, 1.15625, -0.80078125, -0.75390625, -0.890625, -0.0084228515625, 0.4609375, -0.185546875, 0.93359375, -1.1875, -0.036865234375, -0.68359375, 0.263671875, -1.3203125, 1.53125, -1.546875, -1.34375, -1.1484375, 0.07373046875, 0.193359375, 1.1328125, -0.033203125, 0.89453125, -0.49609375, -0.74609375, -0.40234375, -0.1005859375, -0.8828125, -0.05029296875, 1.2109375, 1.46875, -0.22265625, -0.90234375, -2.515625, -0.26171875, -0.478515625, 0.984375, -0.8203125, 0.89453125, -0.0311279296875, -0.06689453125, -0.6640625, -0.64453125, 0.56640625, 0.01080322265625, -0.2041015625, -0.6640625, 0.98046875, 1.5625, 0.302734375, -0.2392578125, 0.038330078125, -0.0849609375, 0.71484375, 1.7109375, -0.357421875, 1.8515625, -1.5703125, -1.40625, -0.1865234375, -3.09375, 0.5546875, 0.3125, 1.109375, 0.494140625, 0.10400390625, -1.1484375, -0.3515625, -0.302734375, -0.578125, -0.6953125, -0.49609375, 1.984375, 0.66015625, 0.054443359375, -0.030517578125, -0.82421875, -0.734375, 1.1875, -0.240234375, -0.2255859375, -0.79296875, 1.28125, -0.84765625, 0.57421875, 0.83203125, 0.81640625, 0.734375, 0.52734375, 1.3984375, 0.296875, 0.4609375, 0.46484375, -0.55859375, 0.65234375, 0.71875, 0.361328125, 0.3515625, 0.08203125, 0.45703125, 1.0859375, 1.046875, -0.984375, -0.384765625, -0.470703125, -0.021484375, -0.49609375, 1.234375, 0.236328125, -0.359375, -0.5390625, -0.2177734375, -0.396484375, 0.6796875, 1.3203125, 1.921875, -0.427734375, 1.421875, -0.77734375, -0.380859375, -0.60546875, -1.265625, -0.05859375, -0.1669921875, -2.4375, -0.494140625, 0.21484375, 1.328125, 0.75, 0.65234375, 0.053466796875, -0.439453125, -0.5546875, -0.2119140625, 2.484375 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534700755
Intermolecular Cross‐Links of Collagen
The present communication provides experimental proof for involvement in intermolecular cross‐links of the nonhelical area at the carboxy‐terminal end of the α1‐chain of collagen. Compared to soluble collagen, the content of α1‐CB6, the carboxy‐terminal peptide of the α1‐chain, was significantly low in cyanogen bromide digests of highly cross‐linked insoluble collagen from calf achilles tendon collagen. Approximately 50% of the α1‐CB6 could be identified by serological techniques within a peptide fraction of molecular weight approximately 50000. In this fraction, α1‐CB6 was thought to be cross‐linked by intermolecular bonds to certain cyanogen bromide peptides, i.e. α1‐CB7, α1‐CB8 and α2‐CB4. These intermolecular bonds were cleaved by brief pepsin treatment such that free α1‐CB6 was liberated by subsequent cyanogen bromide digestion. On the basis of the amino acid sequence of the α1‐chain presently known and the arrangement of the collagen within the fibrils, putative cross‐link regions were identified within the helical area which may cross‐link with lysine‐derived aldehydes present in the nonhelical amino‐ and carboxy‐terminal areas of adjacent molecules.
[ 0.5625, 0.70703125, 1.078125, -0.61328125, -0.138671875, -0.16796875, -0.53125, 1.640625, 0.8359375, -0.2021484375, -1.8515625, 0.36328125, 1.8671875, 0.83984375, 1.2734375, -0.93359375, 0.71875, -0.7734375, -1.609375, -0.0262451171875, 0.2578125, -0.79296875, -1.484375, -1.40625, 0.41015625, 0.72265625, 0.3203125, -1.1875, 0.59765625, 1.1015625, 0.34765625, 1.625, -2, -1.1796875, 0.515625, 0.30078125, -0.1533203125, -0.61328125, 0.1435546875, -0.1259765625, 0.474609375, -1.2421875, -0.06396484375, -1.78125, -0.80078125, 0.1962890625, 0.453125, -1.8671875, -0.984375, -0.43359375, -1.5078125, -0.455078125, -0.205078125, -0.1767578125, -0.44921875, 0.91796875, -2.171875, -0.43359375, 1.9765625, -0.1171875, -1.25, -0.96875, 0.474609375, 1.2890625, 0.7578125, -0.984375, -1.546875, -0.45703125, 0.400390625, 0.380859375, 1.0390625, -0.1513671875, -0.8046875, 0.6015625, 0.185546875, -0.330078125, 0.46484375, 1.4296875, 0.51171875, 0.9296875, -0.671875, -1.28125, -0.1533203125, 0.8984375, -0.55078125, 1.203125, -0.255859375, 0.8046875, 1.109375, 1.0078125, -1.1796875, 0.77734375, -1.7421875, -0.478515625, -0.5078125, -0.578125, 0.318359375, -0.0859375, -1.09375, 1.4296875, -0.97265625, -0.1728515625, 0.58203125, 0.455078125, -0.2578125, 1.9375, -0.89453125, 0.2119140625, -0.5, -0.96875, -0.283203125, 0.125, -0.91015625, 0.26953125, -0.71484375, -0.1533203125, 0.2236328125, 1.1015625, 1.6328125, 0.25390625, 0.68359375, -1.8984375, 0.388671875, 0.5234375, 0.48046875, 0.54296875, -0.02587890625, -0.59765625, -0.46484375, -0.9375, 0.73828125, 0.55859375, -1.359375, 1.6953125, -0.421875, -0.7890625, 0.03466796875, 0.94921875, 1.3828125, -1.6875, 1.515625, 1.1484375, -0.333984375, 0.2373046875, 0.09716796875, 0.46484375, -0.337890625, 0.06884765625, -0.263671875, 1.6328125, -1.3828125, 0.640625, -0.19140625, 1.640625, 0.2255859375, -1.0859375, -0.6796875, 2.796875, 0.15625, 1.140625, 0.609375, -0.70703125, 0.40625, 0.6953125, -1.125, 0.279296875, 0.515625, 1.0625, 0.60546875, -1.953125, -1.2265625, -0.1552734375, 0.30859375, -0.09375, 0.7890625, -0.9765625, 0.10400390625, 0.71484375, 0.89453125, -0.2099609375, -0.82421875, 0.84765625, -0.84765625, 0.01226806640625, 1.0078125, 2.421875, -1.46875, 0.09130859375, 0.0062255859375, -0.318359375, -0.06396484375, -1.5390625, -0.486328125, 0.73828125, 0.171875, 0.1533203125, 0.59765625, 1.375, -0.296875, -0.65625, -1.265625, -1.1171875, 1.296875, -0.1396484375, 0.275390625, 0.98046875, 0.9609375, 1.0078125, 2.09375, 1.4609375, -0.875, -1.2578125, -0.1796875, -0.00164794921875, -1.0390625, 0.88671875, 0.435546875, -0.00311279296875, 0.80859375, -0.07763671875, 2.296875, 0.255859375, 0.330078125, 0.2734375, 0.1748046875, -1.0390625, 0.2216796875, 1.421875, -0.83203125, 2.1875, 0.2890625, -0.27734375, 0.640625, -1.3046875, -0.412109375, -0.091796875, -0.37890625, -0.05322265625, -0.189453125, -1.109375, -0.034912109375, 0.08056640625, 1.0546875, 1.1328125, -0.52734375, -0.54296875, 1.0078125, -1.59375, -0.82421875, 1.3671875, 1.6875, -0.77734375, -0.66015625, 0.478515625, 0.028076171875, 0.69140625, -1.4296875, 0.00616455078125, 0.271484375, 0.921875, 0.8828125, -0.056884765625, -1.1484375, 0.76171875, -0.42578125, -1.6875, 0.0050048828125, -0.78515625, -0.294921875, -0.72265625, -0.384765625, -1.6015625, -0.625, 0.12353515625, -0.2421875, 0.8359375, -1.046875, -1.6953125, -1.234375, -0.69921875, -1.1796875, 0.357421875, -0.91015625, -1.4375, 0.625, 0.18359375, 1.0546875, 0.53125, -1.140625, -0.017822265625, -1.40625, -0.75, -1.1484375, -0.07177734375, -0.12451171875, -1.6875, 0.279296875, 1.8046875, 1, -0.06396484375, 0.79296875, 0.98046875, -0.75, -0.3359375, 2.296875, -2, 0.09765625, -0.453125, 0.57421875, -0.38671875, 1.0234375, 0.875, -0.462890625, 1.40625, 0.6953125, -0.44140625, -0.255859375, -2.375, -0.73828125, 0.85546875, 0.1240234375, -0.3359375, -0.58203125, 1.8125, -1.03125, -0.220703125, 0.1904296875, -0.9140625, -1.3984375, 0.5859375, -0.64453125, -0.37109375, 0.59765625, -2.625, -0.400390625, 0.2734375, 0.255859375, -1.1484375, 0.1416015625, 0.74609375, 0.310546875, -0.39453125, -0.1123046875, -1.4375, -0.73046875, -0.609375, -1.015625, -0.322265625, -0.02685546875, -1.203125, -0.2314453125, -0.3203125, -1.28125, -0.6796875, 0.15625, 1.25, 0.953125, -1.421875, -0.20703125, -0.70703125, -1.578125, 0.220703125, 0.09423828125, 1.4296875, -0.296875, 0.255859375, 0.318359375, -2.140625, -0.1923828125, -0.90625, 1.2734375, -0.8046875, -1.4609375, 0.421875, 1.4375, 0.333984375, -0.67578125, -1.0546875, 0.016845703125, 1.5546875, -1.15625, 0.3984375, 0.09375, 0.07861328125, 0.7734375, 0.8203125, 0.462890625, -0.0380859375, 1.046875, 1.046875, -0.2236328125, 0.2451171875, -1.8984375, -1.65625, 0.236328125, 0.59765625, 0.85546875, 0.87890625, -1.390625, -1.3515625, 1.40625, 0.3046875, 0.94140625, -0.828125, 0.423828125, -1.0078125, -1.265625, -0.455078125, -0.369140625, -0.1396484375, -1.8515625, -0.197265625, 0.63671875, -0.69921875, 0.765625, -0.041748046875, 1.4140625, -1.75, -0.71875, -0.1318359375, 1.6875, -0.453125, 0.353515625, -0.65625, 0.55078125, -0.1767578125, 0.8828125, 1.53125, -1.8046875, -0.5625, -0.69140625, -0.1826171875, 0.1357421875, 0.625, -0.21875, -0.3515625, 1.3828125, -0.84375, -0.74609375, 0.287109375, 0.62109375, -0.734375, 0.06884765625, 0.2001953125, 0.5390625, 1.2578125, 0.30078125, -0.5, 1.09375, -0.1875, 0.83203125, -0.408203125, -2.015625, -1.40625, -0.380859375, 1.59375, -0.408203125, 1.0703125, 0.33984375, -1.234375, -0.6796875, 0.220703125, -0.302734375, 1.109375, 1.0390625, -0.6484375, 1.21875, 0.59765625, -1.1328125, 0.8125, 0.53515625, 0.50390625, 0.298828125, 0.21875, 0.0712890625, 0.035888671875, 0.474609375, -0.0712890625, -0.1728515625, 1.09375, 1.140625, 0.1201171875, -0.65234375, 0.765625, 1.609375, -0.59375, 0.279296875, -0.2275390625, 0.396484375, 0.83984375, 0.024658203125, -0.1630859375, 0.05712890625, -1.6484375, 2.1875, 0.70703125, 0.205078125, 0.92578125, -0.515625, -0.11572265625, -0.85546875, -2.109375, -1.46875, 0.859375, -0.058349609375, -0.96875, -0.80859375, -0.29296875, -2.578125, -0.2197265625, 1.7890625, 2.265625, -1.2734375, -1.578125, -1.1171875, 1.109375, 1.296875, -0.66796875, 1.1484375, -1.078125, -0.5234375, 1.21875, -0.1533203125, 1.5, 0.984375, -0.361328125, -0.068359375, -1.2109375, 0.408203125, -0.9765625, 0.451171875, -0.5390625, 1.078125, 1.125, -0.4453125, -0.953125, 0.1416015625, 1.546875, -0.5078125, -0.177734375, -0.201171875, -0.181640625, 0.28515625, -0.06591796875, 0.72265625, -0.484375, 0.56640625, 1.4296875, -0.34375, 0.74609375, -0.84765625, -0.55859375, -1.078125, -1.234375, -1.40625, 1.7109375, -2.171875, 0.6015625, -0.412109375, -0.98046875, -0.0869140625, -1.8515625, -0.94921875, 1.1328125, 0.04931640625, -0.1533203125, -0.7734375, 1.1796875, 0.54296875, 1.3359375, -0.140625, -1.03125, 0.2890625, 1.25, 1.171875, -0.453125, -0.1513671875, -0.31640625, -1.1484375, -0.30859375, 0.341796875, -0.96484375, -0.73828125, 0.03466796875, -0.88671875, 0.953125, 2.0625, 0.49609375, 1.3203125, -0.056884765625, -0.76171875, -1.1796875, 0.5234375, 1.3984375, 1.046875, 2.03125, 0.138671875, 0.443359375, 0.6171875, -0.3671875, 0.205078125, 0.69921875, 0.765625, -0.1337890625, -0.7421875, 0.578125, 0.3046875, 0.6796875, 0.0198974609375, -0.1533203125, -0.78125, -1.203125, 0.390625, -0.390625, -1.2421875, -0.1435546875, 0.77734375, -1.09375, -0.10107421875, 0.50390625, -1.53125, 0.408203125, -0.62890625, 1.265625, -0.83984375, -0.392578125, 0.34765625, -1.53125, 0.259765625, -0.0615234375, -0.3515625, 0.474609375, -0.984375, -0.07275390625, -0.435546875, 0.515625, -1.1953125, -0.66015625, 0.9921875, 0.125, 1.5546875, 0.95703125, 1.0546875, -0.546875, 0.07666015625, 1.25, -0.68359375, -0.061279296875, 0.5, 2.5625, 0.041748046875, -0.1298828125, -1.0703125, 0.69140625, -0.408203125, 1.125, -1.90625, -0.53125, 0.04736328125, -0.043212890625, -0.314453125, 0.5, -0.58984375, -0.50390625, 0.7265625, 1.21875, 0.28125, -0.859375, -0.515625, -1.390625, -0.26953125, -0.1787109375, 0.53515625, 0.030517578125, -0.828125, -0.01708984375, 0.12158203125, 0.98828125, -0.474609375, -0.240234375, 1.0625, -0.2216796875, -0.2236328125, 1.2734375, 0.9921875, -1.1484375, -1.46875, 0.2412109375, 0.0263671875, 0.703125, -0.2109375, 0.283203125, 0.96484375, 0.14453125, 0.625, 0.27734375, 1.3671875, 0.98828125, -0.78515625, -0.87109375, -0.91796875, 0.322265625, -0.99609375, -0.63671875, -0.84375, -1.4765625, 0.56640625, 1.5625, -1.1640625, 0.7890625, 0.1689453125, -1.1484375, -2.125, -0.50390625, 0.4609375, 1.0546875, 0.1767578125, 0.150390625, -1.3828125, 0.69921875, 0.65625, -0.74609375, -0.7734375, -1.3984375, -0.263671875, -1.7421875, -1.6640625, 0.349609375, -0.83203125, 0.98828125, 1.0234375, -0.051513671875, 0.49609375, 0.83203125, 1.9453125, -0.08935546875, 0.08740234375, 1.4921875, 0.85546875, 0.77734375, -0.5625, 0.328125, -0.77734375, 1.03125, -0.80859375, 0.28515625, 0.007537841796875, -1.46875, 0.236328125, -1.140625, 0.2236328125, 1.140625, 0.11181640625, 0.349609375, -0.43359375, -0.859375, -0.34765625, 0.41796875, 0.77734375, -1.453125, 1.4609375, -0.56640625, 0.34765625, 0.55859375, 1.4765625, 1.3828125, 0.5546875, 0.61328125, -0.7890625, 1.7265625, -1.2109375, -0.7890625, 0.01483154296875, 0.357421875, -0.57421875, 0.02197265625, -0.357421875, -1.6171875, 1.3125, 1.53125, -0.1767578125, 0.24609375, -0.8203125, 0.73828125, -0.1767578125, 0.63671875, -0.01123046875, 0.45703125, -1.7578125, -0.9765625, -0.76171875, 0.80859375, 0.37109375, -0.408203125, 1.5078125, 0.26953125, 0.259765625, 1.078125, 0.3515625, 0.494140625, 0.62109375, 0.0028228759765625, -0.53515625, 0.3828125, 0.54296875, 1.359375, -0.74609375, -0.37890625, -0.004730224609375, 0.85546875, 0.283203125, -0.578125, 1.5546875, 0.984375, -1.171875, -0.50390625, 0.0869140625, -0.1240234375, 1.421875, 2.078125, 0.166015625, -0.326171875, -0.173828125, 0.251953125, 0.5625, -0.283203125, 1.109375, 0.357421875, -1.421875, -0.2060546875, -1.7890625, -0.734375, -0.1796875, -0.75, 1.2890625, -1.140625, 0.78515625, 0.0693359375, 0.87890625, 0.3203125, 0.341796875, 0.375, 1.1328125, 2.421875, -0.72265625, 0.318359375, 0.04443359375, 0.671875, -0.466796875, -1.1875, 1.6171875, -0.88671875, 0.439453125, -0.212890625, -0.5, -0.5, -0.9921875, 0.181640625, 0.5234375, 1.09375, 0.66015625, 0.051513671875, 2.109375, 2.1875, 0.609375, -1.734375, -1.0859375, 0.451171875, -0.359375, 1.453125, -1.0546875, 0.490234375, 0.2431640625, 0.6796875, 1.375, 0.1904296875, -1.2109375, -0.431640625, -0.76171875, 1.703125, -1.015625, 0.216796875, -1.7421875, -0.443359375, 0.50390625, -1.546875, 0.26171875, -0.6484375, 0.2001953125, -0.177734375, 1.28125, -0.48828125, -0.7421875, -0.46875, 0.56640625, 0.94921875, 0.609375, 0.94921875, 0.8984375, 0.431640625, -0.2255859375, -1.84375, -0.7734375, 0.0322265625, -2.125, -0.8671875, 0.1806640625, -1.1796875, 0.6796875, 0.2265625, -0.703125, 0.81640625, 0.2490234375, -0.47265625, 0.88671875, 0.1708984375, -0.177734375, 0.29296875, -0.3828125, -0.85546875, 0.08056640625, 0.19921875, -0.890625, -0.1923828125, 0.65234375, 1.65625, -1.5078125, 0.55078125, -0.384765625, -0.9296875, -0.73046875, -0.345703125, 2.0625, 0.39453125, -0.48828125, -0.8671875, 0.56640625, -1.2421875, 1.7421875, -0.314453125, 0.66796875, -1.4765625, 0.65234375, -1.28125, -1.109375, 1.09375, -0.7734375, -0.765625, -1, 0.310546875, -0.53125, 0.333984375, 1.1015625, -0.21875, 1.3046875, 0.365234375, 1.03125, 0.1376953125, 0.057373046875, 0.267578125, -0.009765625, -0.271484375, -0.48046875, 0.63671875, 0.12451171875, -1.046875, 0.16015625, 0.94140625, -0.5625, 0.6484375, 0.0849609375, 0.08935546875, -0.76171875, 0.70703125, -0.1748046875, -0.212890625, -0.25390625, -0.53125, 0.357421875, 0.028076171875, -0.322265625, 0.96484375, 0.2138671875, 1.0546875, 0.020263671875, 1.5625, 1.59375, 1.3984375, 0.384765625, 0.0458984375, -0.515625, -1.046875, 0.06005859375, -0.06494140625, 0.91015625, 0.94921875, -1.3046875, -0.396484375, -1.7890625, -1.96875, -1.1015625, 0.302734375, 2.609375, 1.4921875, 1.5703125, -0.14453125, 0.94921875, 0.00616455078125, 2.765625, 1.1640625, -0.02783203125, -0.82421875, -0.1572265625, 0.3671875, 0.67578125, -0.23828125, 0.765625, 0.458984375, 1.2421875, 0.80078125, -0.51171875, -1.3125, -0.69140625, 0.69140625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534727743
Costly Employment Contract Renegotiation and the Labor Mobility of Young Men
The distinction of quits and permanent layoffs remains a contentious issue in the labor economics literature. Basically, there appear two contrasting views of such turnover. While both interpretations of turnover are derived from job-matching models that assume wealth-maximizing behavior of workers and firms, each involves different assumptions about the feasibility of individual labor contract negotiations following hire. On the one hand, application of the Coase theorem to employment contracts implies that turnover will occur only when the value of the worker's product in some alternative employment exceeds current job productivity. Since the actual division of the job match rent is assumed costlessly renegotiable, only the presence of a truly more productive job assignment would prevent the renegotiation of the current rent-sharing contract to the mutual benefit of both worker and firm. The likelihood of a job change is thus directly related to the level of total match productivity irregardless of whether the worker, in response to some later survey question, characterizes the separation as a quit or permanent layoff. According to this formulation of worker and firm attachments, quits and permanent layoffs are, at least in any sense relevant to actual resource allocation, indistinguishable. An implication of this model is of course that mobility enhances productivity (see Gary Becker, Elisabeth Landes, and Robert Michael, 1977). Counter to this view stand models of job matching that suggest that the presence of transactions costs in the form of costly contract renegotiations preclude any easy application of the Coase theorem to employment contracts. Most forcefully advocated by Masanori Hashimoto (1981), these models of job matching imply that quits and permanent layoffs are different. The difference results from the fact that, with costly contract renegotiation, mobility is to a large extent determined by the actual rent-sharing agreement formulated at the beginning of employment. According to this view then, the total value of the match does not exclusively determine job change, and thus not all mobility is productivity augmenting. This paper offers a model of job matching with costly post-hire negotiations in some aspects similar to that of Hashimoto, but with particular relevance to the population of young workers only beginning their labor force participation. While Hashimoto's discussion concentrates on longer-term firmspecific training decisions, the current model focuses on the period immediately following hire when worker productivity is to a large extent governed by endowed capabilities rather than determined by learning on the job. The theoretical focus on inexperienced workers as well as the corresponding youthful composition of the empirical sample are motivated to control for unobserved factors such as firm-specific human capital stocks as much as possible. In further contrast to Hashimoto's emphasis, the model yields empirical implications concerning the role of wages in the determination of mobility that contrast to the implications of an otherwise similar zero negotiations cost model of job matching. Derivation of the empirical implications concerning the relationship of wages to quits and layoffs represents the primary contribution of this paper. Finally, empirical results are presented that, at least for a sample of very young men over a short period of time, *Department of Economics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004. I thank Finis Welch, Dan Mitchell, and the referee for comments on an earlier version of this paper.
[ 0.67578125, -0.0303955078125, 1.3203125, -0.7109375, -0.0118408203125, 0.83984375, -0.89453125, 0.80078125, 1.046875, -0.73046875, -0.77734375, 1.2578125, 1.3671875, 0.07861328125, 1.125, 0.259765625, 0.059814453125, -0.54296875, -0.94140625, -1.421875, -1.0546875, 0.1201171875, -1.5078125, -0.376953125, 0.1806640625, 0.443359375, 0.2412109375, -0.6796875, 0.375, 0.6015625, 0.392578125, -0.330078125, -0.9609375, -0.83203125, 0.8359375, 0.3515625, -0.57421875, 1.40625, -1.1640625, 1.2265625, 0.640625, -0.5859375, -0.7734375, -0.287109375, -0.55078125, 0.99609375, -0.84765625, -0.65625, -0.73046875, -0.416015625, 0.486328125, 0.8671875, -0.58203125, -1.5625, -0.478515625, 0.296875, 0.7890625, -1.0859375, 1.796875, 1.265625, -0.43359375, 0.2177734375, 0.091796875, 0.10986328125, -0.3828125, 0.64453125, -0.4140625, -0.1689453125, 0.75, 0.185546875, 1.5625, -0.0205078125, -0.255859375, 0.69921875, 1.96875, 0.01141357421875, -0.6953125, -0.5703125, 1.03125, -0.275390625, -0.28515625, 0.1708984375, -1.734375, 0.484375, 0.2109375, 0.80078125, -0.86328125, 0.7578125, 1.015625, 1.421875, 0.5390625, 1.203125, -1.09375, -0.0869140625, -0.51171875, -1.3125, 1.1875, -0.251953125, -0.50390625, 1.1328125, -1.34375, -0.33203125, 1.1328125, 0.33203125, -1.1796875, 1.4140625, -1.1875, -0.224609375, -1.8046875, 2.109375, -0.00494384765625, 0.404296875, 0.068359375, 1.375, 1.3515625, 0.298828125, -0.384765625, 1.109375, 0.21484375, 0.040771484375, 1.1328125, -0.953125, 1.90625, 0.01043701171875, 2.421875, 1.84375, -1.015625, 0.2578125, -0.98046875, -0.2119140625, 0.95703125, 2.03125, 1.1484375, -0.80859375, 1.046875, -1.171875, 1.5859375, 1.0390625, 2.765625, -0.76953125, -0.1376953125, 0.1494140625, -0.96484375, -0.4609375, -1.0078125, 1.0703125, 2.109375, 0.93359375, -0.26171875, 0.26171875, -1.421875, -1.4765625, 0.0277099609375, 1.4375, 1.359375, -0.1533203125, -0.81640625, 2.375, -1.15625, -1.0390625, 0.26171875, -3.171875, 2.5, 0.07568359375, -1.015625, -0.390625, 0.111328125, -0.8671875, 0.361328125, 0.84375, -0.400390625, 0.90625, 0.34375, -0.1689453125, 1.4375, -0.703125, -0.609375, -0.1669921875, -0.306640625, -1.546875, 0.181640625, 0.71875, 1.328125, 0.466796875, 0.2060546875, -0.016845703125, -0.34765625, 0.1611328125, 0.5859375, 0.5546875, -0.25, -1.34375, -1.0703125, 1.296875, 1.203125, -1.390625, -0.62109375, 0.859375, 0.92578125, -0.6171875, -0.95703125, -0.275390625, -0.7265625, 0.11376953125, 0.5078125, 0.07861328125, 0.107421875, 0.87890625, 0.494140625, 0.98046875, 1.0234375, -0.466796875, 0.197265625, 0.3984375, -0.1533203125, 0.052978515625, -0.1845703125, 0.89453125, 0.482421875, -1.109375, -0.57421875, 0.2236328125, 0.208984375, 1.453125, 0.2314453125, -0.30078125, -0.6171875, 1.8046875, -1.171875, -0.10791015625, 0.041015625, -0.82421875, 0.1640625, -0.0211181640625, 0.37890625, 0.6953125, -0.375, 1.640625, 1.203125, 1.2578125, 0.65625, 1.390625, -1.0234375, 1.078125, 0.51171875, 0.77734375, 2.265625, -0.51953125, -0.16796875, -1.328125, 1.2109375, 1.390625, 1.6875, -1.1484375, -0.26171875, -0.8671875, -0.7421875, 1.1328125, 1.2109375, -0.1962890625, -0.69921875, -1.3515625, 0.46875, -0.0024261474609375, -1.203125, -0.6953125, 0.75390625, 0.02099609375, -0.671875, 0.494140625, -0.609375, -1.7578125, 0.11474609375, 0.5234375, -1.3828125, -0.1298828125, -1.703125, -2, 0.63671875, -0.19921875, -0.71484375, -0.06298828125, -1.3671875, 0.76171875, -0.024169921875, 1.75, 0.12451171875, 0.314453125, -1.0234375, -0.36328125, -0.11962890625, -1.546875, -1.578125, 0.2255859375, -1.2109375, 1.3984375, 0.0654296875, 1.703125, 1.40625, 0.734375, -0.8984375, 0.439453125, -0.68359375, -0.1123046875, 0.451171875, 0.1259765625, -1.53125, -0.79296875, 1.40625, 0.50390625, -0.126953125, -0.4921875, -2.15625, -0.158203125, 0.69140625, 1.5859375, 0.828125, -0.9921875, 0.1591796875, 0.197265625, 2.140625, 0.16015625, -1.609375, -0.365234375, -0.337890625, 0.76171875, -0.1640625, 0.04296875, -0.53515625, 0.384765625, -0.9609375, -0.142578125, -0.12158203125, -0.61328125, -0.8671875, 1.171875, -0.341796875, -1.359375, 0.89453125, -0.45703125, 0.490234375, -1.3125, -1.3046875, -0.29296875, -1, 0.11962890625, 0.1416015625, -0.86328125, 0.65234375, -2.34375, 0.37890625, -2.421875, 1.3828125, -0.125, -0.76171875, 1.859375, 1.375, -0.765625, -0.32421875, -0.181640625, 1.6328125, -0.1494140625, -0.46875, -0.2373046875, 0.2470703125, -0.1123046875, 0.98046875, 0.255859375, 0.671875, -0.67578125, 0.7421875, -0.240234375, -1.390625, 0.2109375, 0.5859375, 1.3359375, -0.9296875, -0.5078125, -0.1708984375, 0.9453125, 0.06884765625, 0.34765625, -1.015625, -0.515625, 1.5390625, 1.671875, -0.423828125, -1.328125, 0.1396484375, 0.2412109375, 0.486328125, 0.427734375, -1.4921875, -0.9375, 0.0693359375, 0.314453125, -0.71875, -1.3203125, -2.09375, -1.015625, 0.353515625, 0.95703125, -1.234375, -0.04931640625, 0.041015625, 0.79296875, -2.171875, -0.294921875, 1.09375, 0.34375, -1.0390625, -1.5625, -0.33203125, 0.027099609375, -0.034423828125, -0.984375, 0.640625, -0.69921875, -0.72265625, 0.31640625, 1.3984375, -1.84375, 1.25, -0.482421875, 0.18359375, 0.2431640625, 0.462890625, 1.3046875, -0.62890625, 1.0234375, -0.275390625, -0.2060546875, -0.40625, -0.20703125, -1.125, -0.150390625, 1.546875, 0.3125, -1.2734375, -0.234375, 0.006591796875, 0.0194091796875, 0.012939453125, 0.453125, 2.0625, 0.64453125, 0.462890625, 0.34765625, -0.404296875, -1.640625, -0.8984375, -0.703125, -1.1796875, -1.0234375, 0.29296875, 1.421875, -1.3828125, -0.4296875, -0.365234375, -0.26953125, -0.3828125, -0.380859375, -0.4921875, 1.3203125, 1.0390625, -1.0234375, 0.75, 1.5234375, -0.6875, 0.91015625, -0.18359375, 0.19921875, -0.890625, 0.71484375, -1.1171875, 1.1640625, 0.439453125, 0.30078125, -0.37890625, 0.44140625, 2.265625, 0.64453125, -0.09619140625, 1.15625, 0.1376953125, -1.8359375, -0.11328125, 1.0390625, -0.49609375, -0.8125, 0.78515625, -1.2890625, -0.373046875, -0.703125, 1.2421875, -0.640625, -0.75390625, 0.6640625, 0.984375, 0.64453125, -1.234375, -1.8671875, -1.8984375, -0.2333984375, 0.78515625, 1.1875, -0.435546875, -1.5625, -1.6171875, 0.54296875, 1.078125, 1.2890625, -0.265625, -1.765625, 1.0234375, -0.546875, -0.466796875, 0.33984375, 1.0625, -0.96875, 0.76953125, 0.1552734375, 0.1064453125, -0.77734375, 1.5859375, 0.6328125, 1.0390625, -0.408203125, 0.353515625, -1.5625, 0.494140625, -0.1767578125, 1.5078125, 0.984375, -0.34375, 0.375, 1.453125, 0.12890625, -0.25, 0.314453125, -0.56640625, -0.09814453125, -1.0078125, -0.921875, 0.76171875, -0.134765625, -0.047607421875, 1.7109375, -0.4921875, 0.70703125, -1.078125, 0.69921875, -2.5625, 0.61328125, -1.9921875, 0.8125, 0.041015625, -0.2041015625, 1.859375, -2.390625, -0.6328125, -0.498046875, -0.2021484375, 1.0859375, -0.1796875, -0.49609375, 0.00012493133544921875, -0.490234375, 2.515625, -0.0125732421875, -0.166015625, 0.1279296875, -0.1806640625, 0.95703125, 1.5859375, -1.0625, -0.486328125, -0.609375, -1.7734375, -2.125, 0.1904296875, 0.56640625, 0.462890625, 0.6953125, 0.9375, 0.9140625, 1.421875, -0.033447265625, -0.91015625, 0.96484375, -1.1171875, -0.7421875, 0.578125, -1.5078125, 0.177734375, 0.6640625, -0.490234375, 1.8828125, 0.205078125, -0.71875, -0.89453125, 1.5546875, 0.1279296875, -0.26171875, -0.486328125, 0.1748046875, -0.6640625, 0.703125, -0.0830078125, 0.6953125, -1.4453125, 0.2333984375, 0.75390625, 0.81640625, -0.703125, -0.1806640625, -0.486328125, -0.74609375, 0.7109375, 1.4609375, -0.1982421875, -1.1640625, 1.546875, 0.4765625, 0.146484375, -0.28125, 0.1748046875, -1.5, 0.02734375, 0.98046875, 0.88671875, -0.5703125, 0.78125, -1.875, -0.1826171875, -0.52734375, -2.828125, 0.298828125, 0.4296875, -0.306640625, 0.85546875, 1.2734375, 1.2421875, 0.80859375, 0.14453125, 1.3203125, -1.71875, -0.09130859375, 0.5234375, 1.125, -0.8984375, 1.0703125, 0.1640625, 0.1162109375, -0.890625, -1.3359375, -0.8671875, -0.1982421875, -0.90234375, -0.72265625, -1.0234375, -0.1279296875, 0.109375, -0.271484375, 0.890625, 0.98046875, -0.37890625, -1.171875, 1.2265625, 0.0693359375, -0.349609375, -0.7265625, 0.412109375, 0.0869140625, -1.25, 0.38671875, -0.265625, 1.3515625, -1.234375, 0.9609375, 0.185546875, -0.1845703125, -0.8125, 0.38671875, -0.08203125, 0.04345703125, -0.8125, -0.142578125, -0.6953125, 1.75, 1.3203125, 0.287109375, 0.361328125, 0.6640625, 0.9140625, -0.251953125, -0.5703125, 0.484375, -0.5078125, -0.57421875, -0.09912109375, -0.7109375, 0.28515625, -0.45703125, 0.34765625, -0.2099609375, 0.318359375, 1.2265625, -0.65625, -1.390625, -0.1806640625, -0.58984375, 0.640625, 0.2412109375, 0.8359375, 0.478515625, 1.2578125, 0.4609375, -0.291015625, -0.361328125, -0.69140625, 1.234375, 0.17578125, 1.140625, -1.609375, -1.3515625, -0.498046875, -1.203125, -0.390625, 1.546875, -0.9140625, -0.83203125, 1.0859375, -1.015625, -0.0218505859375, -0.384765625, -0.030517578125, 1.203125, 2.015625, -0.4296875, -0.41796875, 1.296875, -0.98828125, -1.1640625, -0.61328125, -1.046875, -0.87890625, -1.546875, 0.91796875, -0.390625, 1.0625, -1.421875, -1.0703125, 0.12890625, -0.08154296875, 1.234375, -1.4140625, 0.63671875, -0.59765625, -0.95703125, -0.0213623046875, -0.98046875, 0.40625, -0.291015625, -0.3515625, -0.7890625, 0.453125, -0.58203125, -0.3671875, 0.953125, 0.12158203125, -0.64453125, 1.2578125, 0.76953125, 0.2080078125, 0.087890625, 0.625, -1.265625, -2.078125, 0.609375, -0.93359375, -1.6484375, 0.0224609375, 0.59765625, -1.15625, -1.1953125, 0.44921875, -0.79296875, -0.41015625, 1.203125, -1.6171875, 0.0810546875, 0.26953125, -0.6171875, 0.166015625, -1.28125, 1.0625, -0.546875, -0.04150390625, -0.032958984375, 0.9921875, 0.3984375, -0.68359375, 1.3359375, 0.13671875, 0.361328125, -0.78125, -0.22265625, 0.091796875, -0.1357421875, 1.1953125, 0.1787109375, 2.234375, 0.859375, -0.1650390625, -1.921875, 0.71484375, 1.3515625, -0.19140625, 0.1435546875, -0.126953125, -1.0078125, 0.12060546875, 0.5390625, -0.9453125, -0.095703125, -0.6328125, -1.3984375, -1.0546875, 1.34375, -0.89453125, -1.7890625, -2.21875, -0.8515625, 0.73828125, -0.396484375, -1.421875, 0.1435546875, -1.6484375, 2.59375, -1.34375, 0.3203125, 1.59375, 1.2265625, -0.408203125, -0.396484375, -1.0703125, 0.99609375, -0.6796875, 1.15625, -1.234375, 0.09765625, 1.375, 0.392578125, -0.00146484375, 0.0157470703125, 0.4140625, -0.91796875, 1.4921875, -0.37890625, 0.10888671875, 1.375, 1.078125, 1.1875, -0.259765625, -1.7578125, 1.0234375, -0.63671875, 0.130859375, 0.3671875, -0.29296875, -0.0810546875, 0.8828125, -0.026123046875, 1.46875, -1.234375, -0.15625, -2.046875, -0.447265625, 1.546875, -0.81640625, 0.236328125, 0.1591796875, -0.8671875, 0.279296875, -0.5859375, 0.62109375, 0.39453125, -1.34375, 0.2099609375, 0.79296875, -0.5, -1.25, -0.1259765625, 0.08935546875, 0.06787109375, -0.318359375, -0.13671875, 1.734375, 1.1953125, 0.1953125, 0.54296875, -0.94140625, 0.419921875, 0.34375, -1.296875, -1.75, -0.0419921875, -1.2109375, -0.004180908203125, -1.2421875, -0.90625, -0.416015625, 0.10986328125, 0.46484375, -1.4453125, 1.0234375, -0.42578125, -0.490234375, 0.25, 0.1298828125, -0.1171875, -0.515625, 0.8828125, 0.296875, 1.4375, -0.95703125, 1.765625, 0.98046875, 0.55859375, 0.16796875, -0.1064453125, -0.44921875, 0.234375, -1.4921875, 0.2265625, 1.2421875, 1.1484375, 2.3125, 0.58203125, 0.439453125, 0.33984375, 0.8125, 0.337890625, -0.8203125, 1.015625, 0.77734375, -2.25, -0.189453125, 0.1650390625, -1.0625, 1.4921875, -0.0986328125, -0.44921875, 0.392578125, -0.609375, -0.162109375, 0.251953125, 0.447265625, -0.310546875, 0.09033203125, 0.83984375, -1.609375, 0.064453125, -0.2734375, -1.65625, 1.265625, 1.1796875, -0.51171875, 0.953125, -1.015625, 0.111328125, -0.1298828125, 0.470703125, -0.435546875, 1.140625, -0.06787109375, 0.3359375, 0.84765625, -0.26171875, 0.333984375, -0.328125, 0.54296875, 0.984375, 0.154296875, 0.85546875, 0.703125, 0.74609375, 0.2353515625, -0.0830078125, 1.8515625, 0.62109375, -1.03125, -0.54296875, -0.76171875, 0.78515625, -0.41015625, 1.3515625, -0.85546875, -0.875, -1.8515625, -1.015625, 1.1484375, -0.220703125, 1.5859375, -0.06982421875, 0.5546875, -0.07666015625, 0.388671875, -0.490234375, -0.7265625, 1.6796875, -1.75, -0.376953125, 0.35546875, -0.08203125, 0.71484375, 0.74609375, -0.061279296875, 1.5, -0.578125, 0.2177734375, -0.2490234375, 0.384765625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534907343
<i>d</i><sub>1</sub> haem biogenesis – assessing the roles of three <i>nir</i> gene products
The synthesis of the modified tetrapyrrole known as d(1) haem requires several dedicated proteins which are coded for by a set of genes that are often found adjacent to the structural gene, nirS, for cytochrome cd(1) nitrite reductase. NirE, the product of the first gene in the nir biogenesis operon, was anticipated to catalyse the conversion of uroporphyrinogen III into precorrin-2; this was confirmed, but it was shown that this enzyme is less sensitive to product inhibition than similar enzymes that function in other biosynthetic pathways. Sequence analysis suggesting that one of these proteins, NirN, is a c-type cytochrome, and has similarity to the part of cytochrome cd(1) that binds d(1), was validated by recombinant production and characterization of NirN. A NirN-d(1) haem complex was demonstrated to release the cofactor to a semi-apo form of cytochrome cd(1) from which d(1) was extracted, suggesting a role for NirN in the assembly of cytochrome cd(1) (NirS). However, inactivation of nirN surprisingly led to only a marginal attenuation of growth of Paracoccus pantotrophus under anaerobic denitrifying conditions. As predicted, NirC is a c-type cytochrome; it was shown in vitro to be an electron donor to the NirN-d(1) complex.
[ -0.5234375, 1.2421875, 0.890625, -0.146484375, -0.435546875, -1.5859375, -0.625, 0.4765625, 0.2353515625, 0.353515625, -1.890625, -0.037353515625, 3.296875, 0.91796875, 0.39453125, 1.0625, 0.07373046875, -1.1015625, -1.53125, 0.0986328125, -0.052978515625, -0.0118408203125, -1.6953125, -0.75, -0.0206298828125, 0.6484375, -1, -1.90625, 0.578125, 1.515625, 1.03125, 1.390625, -1.1328125, -1.265625, 0.578125, 1.328125, 1.2734375, -0.2275390625, -0.8046875, 0.050048828125, 0.84765625, -0.296875, 0.7890625, -2.03125, 0.0123291015625, -0.9296875, -0.703125, 0.25390625, -1.046875, -1.0078125, -1.140625, 1.8125, -0.96875, -0.79296875, -1.6484375, -0.62890625, -1.9921875, -0.80078125, -0.1123046875, -0.9609375, 0.328125, -0.490234375, -0.86328125, 0.1904296875, 0.6328125, 0.80078125, -0.890625, 0.5546875, 1.203125, -1.359375, 0.68359375, -1.109375, -0.29296875, -0.181640625, -0.337890625, 0.5859375, 0.84375, 0.439453125, 1.7421875, 1.65625, -0.74609375, 0.76171875, -0.26171875, 0.00482177734375, -1.5546875, 1.1953125, 0.703125, 1.8984375, 1.6953125, 1.109375, -0.271484375, 1.234375, -0.74609375, 0.55078125, -1.140625, 0.1787109375, -1.3359375, 1.1015625, -0.921875, 1.9296875, -1.046875, 0.8828125, 0.236328125, -0.330078125, 1.7734375, 0.578125, -0.025146484375, -0.53125, -0.63671875, -1.3046875, -0.875, 0.1259765625, 1.1328125, -0.126953125, 0.30078125, -0.431640625, 0.41796875, 0.2255859375, 1.2890625, 0.055908203125, -1.1171875, -2.09375, 0.0439453125, -0.3203125, 1.9453125, 0.984375, -0.3828125, -0.58984375, 0.306640625, -0.68359375, -0.07080078125, 1.65625, 0.04443359375, 0.7265625, 0.30078125, 0.515625, 0.216796875, 0.4140625, 0.84375, 1.0703125, 0.5625, 2.265625, -1.359375, -0.86328125, 1.453125, -1.140625, -0.05419921875, 0.8203125, 0.51171875, -0.0262451171875, -1.4375, -1.375, 0.3203125, 2.640625, -0.609375, 0.2080078125, -0.197265625, 1.1328125, 0.36328125, -0.263671875, -0.091796875, -1.390625, 0.9765625, 0.96484375, 0.01531982421875, 0.484375, -1.140625, 0.76953125, 0.61328125, -1.0546875, -2.015625, -1.6328125, 0.1513671875, 0.48046875, 2.65625, -0.498046875, 0.546875, 2.140625, 0.53125, -0.7578125, -0.3671875, 1.9765625, 0.609375, -0.419921875, 2.28125, 2.40625, -1.7734375, 0.36328125, -0.97265625, 0.7578125, 0.7109375, -1.6875, -0.79296875, 1.4765625, -0.15625, -0.08740234375, 0.251953125, 2.15625, 0.255859375, 0.5234375, -0.6953125, -1.8515625, 0.93359375, 0.197265625, 0.279296875, 0.7109375, 0.337890625, 1.390625, 1.3515625, 0.54296875, -2.75, -1.6328125, -1.265625, -0.4296875, -0.29296875, 0.5625, 0.322265625, 0.94921875, -0.392578125, -0.48046875, 0.953125, 1.4765625, 0.38671875, 0.427734375, 0.279296875, -1.9296875, -1.015625, 0.3203125, -1.6796875, 0.447265625, -0.00174713134765625, 0.115234375, 0.4140625, -0.953125, -0.00701904296875, -0.66796875, 1.0234375, -0.2060546875, -0.3359375, 0.45703125, 0.8125, 0.1923828125, 0.251953125, 0.8046875, 0.357421875, -1.15625, 0.2255859375, -1.1484375, 0.38671875, 0.42578125, 0.9140625, -0.65625, -0.91796875, 0.16796875, 0.69140625, 0.515625, -1.1875, -0.021728515625, -0.9453125, -0.10986328125, 0.54296875, 1.3359375, 0.376953125, -0.2734375, -0.412109375, -1.2109375, -1.703125, -0.5703125, -1.5, 0.232421875, 0.19921875, -0.3203125, 0.416015625, -1.0390625, 0.474609375, -0.2392578125, 0.11962890625, 0.90625, -1.1328125, -0.09912109375, -1.671875, -0.6484375, -0.017822265625, -0.408203125, 1.484375, -1.1015625, 1.1484375, 2.8125, 1.65625, 0.2451171875, -2.25, 0.2060546875, -2.53125, -0.859375, 1.4453125, -1.265625, 0.416015625, 2.265625, 1.6875, 1.2421875, 0.84765625, 0.166015625, -2.3125, 0.46875, 0.96484375, -2.671875, -0.46484375, 1.3359375, -0.265625, 1.15625, -0.95703125, 2.1875, -0.68359375, 1.9921875, 1.03125, -0.5859375, 0.73828125, -3.453125, 0.80078125, -1.2265625, 0.54296875, 0.671875, -1.15625, 0.76953125, -1.59375, 0.0380859375, 0.734375, 0.43359375, 0.12890625, 0.09130859375, -1.71875, -0.326171875, 0.58984375, -1.3046875, 0.6640625, 1.8203125, -2.25, -0.73046875, 1.5390625, 0.59765625, 0.12158203125, -0.796875, -0.859375, -0.98046875, 0.68359375, 0.81640625, 0.375, -1.3125, 1.609375, -2.15625, -0.67578125, 0.1787109375, 0.7421875, -0.734375, -0.69140625, 1.375, -0.02783203125, 0.0277099609375, 0.048828125, 0.6171875, 0.138671875, -0.2353515625, -1.3671875, -0.4453125, -0.8046875, 0.18359375, 0.83203125, -0.4609375, 0.0439453125, -0.6015625, 1.25, -0.0087890625, 0.5078125, -0.53125, 1.3515625, 2.03125, -0.5703125, -2.390625, -0.9609375, 2.15625, -1.015625, 0.9375, -1.4765625, 1.265625, 0.5859375, 0.734375, 0.29296875, 0.005157470703125, -0.1669921875, 1.140625, 0.65625, -0.228515625, -1.5078125, 0.162109375, 0.25, 0.5, -0.1005859375, 0.11279296875, -1.1328125, -1.859375, 0.10205078125, 1.046875, 0.578125, -1.3203125, -1.328125, -0.044677734375, -1.875, -1.2109375, 0.2314453125, -0.171875, -1.421875, 0.5546875, -1.625, 2.953125, 0.451171875, 0.65234375, 0.890625, -0.054443359375, -0.283203125, 1.15625, -0.01409912109375, -0.81640625, -0.10693359375, -0.74609375, -0.99609375, 1.0703125, 0.9140625, 1.171875, -1.0234375, -0.7421875, 0.0869140625, -0.95703125, 0.283203125, -1.046875, -0.71484375, 1.03125, 0.578125, -0.396484375, -2.71875, 0.76171875, 1.1640625, 0.051513671875, -0.373046875, -0.76953125, 1.1328125, -0.01171875, -1.96875, 1.8828125, 0.9765625, 0.796875, 0.09619140625, -0.28125, -0.232421875, -0.353515625, 0.1767578125, 0.2353515625, 0.1455078125, 0.1767578125, -0.049560546875, 1.40625, -1.859375, -2.296875, -0.6015625, 0.56640625, 0.52734375, -0.84765625, -1.1015625, -0.392578125, -0.63671875, 2.984375, 1.015625, 0.4140625, -0.181640625, 0.8359375, -2.25, 1.375, 0.47265625, 0.96875, 0.25, 0.455078125, 1.546875, 0.2265625, -2.453125, 1.7109375, -0.091796875, 0.53125, -1.5859375, 0.061767578125, 1.3984375, 0.59765625, -1.1484375, -1.6640625, 0.2197265625, -0.1728515625, 0.341796875, -1.546875, 0.40625, 0.58203125, -2.171875, -1.828125, 0.041015625, -2.796875, -1.265625, -0.57421875, -0.6171875, -0.294921875, 0.8359375, -0.404296875, -2.25, 0.30859375, 1.6484375, 2.203125, -2.09375, -0.263671875, 0.6015625, 1.3359375, 1.125, 1.0078125, -0.1650390625, -1.5, 0.609375, -0.01165771484375, -1.3671875, 1.8046875, 0.6484375, -1.0703125, 0.8671875, -0.150390625, 0.361328125, -2.03125, -0.83984375, -1.046875, 0.427734375, 1.3203125, -0.2734375, -0.80078125, -0.039306640625, 1.8125, 0.08056640625, 0.375, -0.73828125, -0.81640625, -0.9140625, 0.37890625, 1.0390625, -0.072265625, 0.1337890625, 0.90234375, -0.75390625, 0.248046875, -3.15625, 0.353515625, -1.3984375, 0.70703125, -0.984375, 1.171875, 0.0274658203125, 0.4609375, -1.3125, -0.9921875, 0.486328125, -2.265625, 0.16015625, 3.0625, 0.2373046875, 1.109375, -0.41796875, 1.34375, 1.125, -0.06982421875, 0.75390625, -0.9609375, -0.50390625, 1.0625, 0.80859375, -0.8046875, -1.9140625, -2.359375, -0.46875, -0.1650390625, -0.041748046875, 0.498046875, 0.1689453125, 0.326171875, -0.421875, 0.392578125, 2.5, 0.77734375, -0.431640625, 0.60546875, -0.1474609375, -1.2890625, 1.7265625, -0.33203125, 0.390625, -0.294921875, 0.5546875, 0.84765625, 0.38671875, 1.3671875, -1.0546875, -0.07666015625, 0.251953125, -0.0283203125, 0.06640625, -0.3359375, -1.1953125, -1.984375, -0.0140380859375, 0.482421875, -1.0234375, -0.9921875, 1.203125, -0.80078125, 0.306640625, 0.9609375, 0.41015625, -1.0234375, -0.72265625, -1.3203125, -1.2890625, -0.357421875, 0.29296875, 0.275390625, 0.330078125, 0.19921875, -0.1171875, -0.875, 0.92578125, 0.388671875, -0.59765625, 1.515625, -1.5859375, -0.2578125, -0.6015625, 0.06201171875, -2.015625, 1.5078125, 1.2265625, -0.52734375, 0.47265625, -0.4296875, 0.7265625, -0.515625, -0.3671875, 0.984375, -0.515625, 0.2412109375, -0.375, 2.140625, -0.57421875, 0.30078125, -2.078125, -0.25390625, -0.328125, 0.380859375, -1.1484375, 0.3125, 0.271484375, -0.11865234375, 0.8671875, 1.7421875, -1.390625, 0.30078125, -0.7265625, 0.22265625, -0.345703125, -0.796875, 0.154296875, 0.30078125, -0.63671875, 0.921875, -0.66015625, 0.62109375, 0.007293701171875, 1.3046875, -0.9453125, -0.07861328125, -0.134765625, 1.171875, -0.318359375, 1.171875, -1.0703125, -0.142578125, 0.10400390625, -2.21875, -2.15625, 0.5859375, -1.3984375, -0.6328125, 0.039794921875, -0.062255859375, 1.0390625, -0.47265625, 0.44921875, -0.1279296875, 2.015625, 0.28125, 0.78515625, -2.578125, 0.65234375, 0.6875, 0.72265625, -1.625, -0.73828125, -0.271484375, 0.88671875, 2.5625, -0.025390625, -0.283203125, 0.416015625, -0.37890625, -1.1796875, -0.71484375, 1.75, 1.6015625, 1.5859375, -0.333984375, 0.12451171875, -0.66015625, 0.2734375, -1.4375, 0.287109375, 0.109375, -0.94140625, -1.390625, 0.427734375, 1.515625, -0.51953125, -0.52734375, -0.00069427490234375, -1.21875, 0.75, -2.40625, 0.1806640625, 0.71875, 0.359375, 1.3046875, 0.322265625, 2.203125, 0.97265625, 0.302734375, 1.8984375, -0.134765625, 0.2431640625, 0.93359375, -0.86328125, -1.9375, 0.859375, -2.140625, 0.76953125, 0.0255126953125, 1.3671875, 1.859375, -0.11865234375, -3.765625, -1.8359375, -0.3984375, -1.0390625, -3.40625, 1.2890625, -0.29296875, -0.0208740234375, 0.1083984375, 1.796875, 0.56640625, -0.109375, -2.421875, -1.5625, 1.0703125, -0.84765625, -0.2197265625, 0.388671875, 1.1875, -0.625, -0.5546875, 0.41796875, -2.359375, 1.625, -0.65234375, -1.21875, -2.46875, -0.546875, 0.9609375, -1.125, 0.283203125, 0.216796875, -1.484375, -1.4609375, -0.76953125, -0.6015625, 0.41015625, -0.11376953125, -1.8984375, -2.21875, -1, -1.90625, 1.328125, -0.640625, 0.41796875, 0.640625, 0.44140625, -1.328125, 1.1640625, 1.4765625, 0.8515625, -0.2216796875, -1.40625, -1.1796875, -0.9609375, -0.158203125, -1.1171875, 1.5625, -0.6328125, -2.515625, 1.5078125, -0.10791015625, 1.0390625, 0.953125, -0.1435546875, -0.52734375, 0.7265625, -0.55078125, 1.0703125, 0.181640625, -0.94140625, 0.7578125, -0.275390625, -2.09375, 0.99609375, -2.34375, 0.1845703125, 0.03076171875, 0.4453125, 2.21875, -0.275390625, -0.384765625, -0.4296875, 0.1123046875, 0.271484375, 1.2109375, -0.57421875, 2.28125, -0.1953125, -1.0546875, 0.58203125, -0.296875, 0.73046875, 0.6875, 0.76171875, 1.21875, -2.15625, -0.0281982421875, -0.49609375, -0.62890625, 0.33984375, 0.9765625, 0.48046875, 2.234375, 0.16796875, 0.73828125, 0.228515625, 1.1796875, 2.515625, 0.55859375, -2.203125, -0.54296875, -1.578125, 1.1640625, 3.21875, -1.09375, -0.68359375, 0.8359375, -0.28515625, 0.35546875, 0.828125, -0.3203125, -1.0390625, -1.140625, 3.671875, -1.171875, 1.5234375, -1.9921875, -1.3125, 1.2421875, -2.03125, -0.84765625, -0.22265625, 1.0703125, 0.296875, 1.015625, -3.3125, -0.408203125, -0.59375, 1.515625, 1.8046875, 1.09375, 1.1484375, 0.7734375, 0.28125, -1.40625, -1.8359375, -0.2373046875, 0.76953125, -0.1591796875, 0.390625, -0.56640625, 1.328125, 1.765625, 1.7265625, -2.046875, -0.12109375, -0.1962890625, -0.66796875, 1.0625, 0.53125, -0.158203125, -1.015625, 1.4765625, 1.5390625, -0.85546875, 0.4453125, -0.287109375, 0.169921875, -0.95703125, -0.423828125, -2.015625, -0.71875, 0.6015625, -0.23828125, -1.5390625, -0.53515625, 1.859375, -0.54296875, -1.3046875, -1.7890625, 0.3671875, 1.625, 1.9609375, -0.91015625, 1.3515625, -0.58203125, 1.1640625, -0.062255859375, 0.138671875, 1.3828125, 1.4296875, -2.0625, 0.111328125, -0.89453125, -1.3203125, 0.8828125, 0.6875, -0.08837890625, 0.86328125, -0.4140625, 0.6640625, 1.6640625, 1.375, -1.0234375, 1.1015625, 0.953125, -1.15625, 0.59375, 0.8125, -0.515625, -0.07080078125, 1.9375, 0.1884765625, -1.125, -1.4453125, 0.55078125, 0.005950927734375, 0.46484375, -0.228515625, -0.032958984375, -0.6796875, 0.21875, 0.0849609375, 2.015625, 0.66796875, 1.7734375, 0.203125, 1.84375, 1.1328125, -0.5078125, -0.1337890625, 0.462890625, 2.3125, -1.2265625, -0.82421875, -1.390625, -0.251953125, -0.193359375, -1.1640625, 0.087890625, -0.55078125, -0.5234375, -2.046875, -0.87109375, 0.03857421875, -0.3203125, 2.53125, 0.19921875, 2.5625, 0.0089111328125, 0.3984375, 0.30859375, 1.2421875, 1.515625, -2.4375, 0.85546875, -0.0498046875, -0.36328125, 1.578125, 1.2734375, 0.94140625, -0.275390625, 0.37109375, 0.97265625, 0.443359375, -2.59375, 0.4375, 1.640625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1534924753
Voluntary Exercise Can Ameliorate Insulin Resistance by Reducing iNOS-Mediated S-Nitrosylation of Akt in the Liver in Obese Rats
Voluntary exercise can ameliorate insulin resistance. The underlying mechanism, however, remains to be elucidated. We previously demonstrated that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the liver plays an important role in hepatic insulin resistance in the setting of obesity. In this study, we tried to verify our hypothesis that voluntary exercise improves insulin resistance by reducing the expression of iNOS and subsequent S-nitrosylation of key molecules of glucose metabolism in the liver. Twenty-one Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 18 non-diabetic control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were randomly assigned to a sedentary group or exercise group subjected to voluntary wheel running for 20 weeks. The voluntary exercise significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR in the OLETF rats. In addition, the exercise decreased the amount of iNOS mRNA in the liver in the OLETF rats. Moreover, exercise reduced the levels of S-nitrosylated Akt in the liver, which were increased in the OLETF rats, to those observed in the LETO rats. These findings support our hypothesis that voluntary exercise improves insulin resistance, at least partly, by suppressing the iNOS expression and subsequent S-nitrosylation of Akt, a key molecule of the signal transduction pathways in glucose metabolism in the liver.
[ -0.0225830078125, 1.0625, 0.59765625, -1.0390625, -0.28125, -0.4375, -1.484375, 0.400390625, 0.60546875, 0.01361083984375, -0.5703125, 1.921875, 0.51953125, -1.1171875, 0.58984375, 1.1484375, 1.4375, -0.9140625, -1.296875, -1.203125, -0.6640625, 0.1484375, -1.1875, -0.6328125, -1.40625, 1.15625, 0.75390625, -1.359375, -0.36328125, 1.25, 0.70703125, 2.0625, -1.40625, -0.53125, -0.72265625, 0.380859375, 0.400390625, 1.234375, 0.07958984375, 0.09326171875, 1.0859375, -1.3515625, 0.53125, -0.326171875, -1.34375, -0.228515625, 0.302734375, -0.1455078125, -0.859375, -0.7109375, -0.2353515625, -0.055419921875, 1.3125, 1.578125, -0.208984375, 0.043701171875, -0.1484375, 1.1875, 2.171875, -0.1923828125, 0.056640625, -1.75, 0.84375, -0.455078125, 1.2578125, -1.734375, 0.1962890625, 0.9609375, 0.765625, -2.265625, 1.859375, 0.018798828125, -1, -1.421875, 0.498046875, 0.0712890625, 0.326171875, 1.6171875, 0.7734375, 1.640625, -0.369140625, -0.11181640625, 0.265625, 0.255859375, -1.359375, 0.78125, 0.75390625, 1.578125, 1.1328125, 2.40625, 0.373046875, 0.302734375, -0.5078125, -0.9609375, 0.201171875, -0.0908203125, 0.064453125, 0.6328125, -2.09375, 0.8671875, 0.80078125, 0.431640625, -0.177734375, -0.453125, -0.07275390625, 0.53515625, -0.49609375, -1.0078125, -1.5, 0.8984375, -0.384765625, 0.63671875, -0.408203125, -1.09375, -1.3671875, 0.57421875, 0.5078125, 0.93359375, 0.263671875, 1.140625, 0.9609375, 0.005126953125, 0.0439453125, -0.98046875, 0.4921875, 0.0947265625, -1.6015625, 0.0155029296875, 0.1298828125, -1.1484375, 0.6484375, 0.443359375, 0.453125, 1.0078125, -0.486328125, -1.3671875, 1.09375, -0.267578125, -0.87109375, 0.11767578125, 0.5859375, 1.8046875, -0.92578125, 0.55078125, -0.240234375, -1.1328125, 0.28125, 0.0654296875, -0.6171875, 2.3125, -0.53125, -1.0703125, -0.828125, 0.306640625, -0.75390625, -1.421875, -0.091796875, 2.671875, -1.1875, -1.171875, 0.10205078125, -0.9296875, 0.59375, 0.83203125, -0.5546875, 0.76953125, -0.1357421875, 0.142578125, 0.30078125, -0.48046875, -1.7734375, -1.3046875, 0.33203125, 0.287109375, 0.86328125, 0.1630859375, -0.97265625, 0.66015625, -0.25, -0.59765625, -0.040771484375, 1.8046875, 0.7421875, -0.20703125, -0.333984375, 0.6171875, -1.53125, -1.2265625, -0.22265625, -0.154296875, 0.75390625, -1.875, -1, 1.34375, -0.3671875, -0.76171875, -0.43359375, 0.5859375, 0.224609375, -0.90234375, -0.6015625, 0.49609375, 0.220703125, 0.625, 1.3203125, 1.59375, -0.81640625, 0.423828125, 1.828125, 1.046875, -1.1953125, -0.62890625, -0.047607421875, 0.625, -0.6796875, 0.04931640625, -0.1787109375, 0.5078125, 0.51171875, 0.73828125, 1, 0.765625, 0.984375, -0.17578125, 0.97265625, -1.6640625, 0.17578125, 1.1953125, -0.546875, 0.9921875, 0.193359375, -0.34375, 1.25, 0.828125, -0.1357421875, -1.921875, 0.75, -0.7578125, 0.83984375, -0.00482177734375, 1.390625, 0.56640625, -0.984375, 1.1171875, 0.3515625, 0.0069580078125, 0.1953125, 0.04052734375, -1.5625, 0.072265625, 1.9140625, 0.1982421875, -0.984375, 0.8359375, -1.078125, -0.58984375, 0.314453125, -0.984375, 0.66796875, 0.0927734375, 0.328125, 0.431640625, -0.76171875, -0.20703125, -0.671875, -0.38671875, 0.8046875, 0.12890625, -1.1484375, 0.73046875, -0.6640625, -0.828125, -0.1279296875, 0.3984375, -0.14453125, 0.2021484375, -1.34375, 0.5, 0.283203125, -0.103515625, -0.53125, -0.90625, -1.203125, 0.0031280517578125, -0.0908203125, 1.375, 0.51171875, 1.828125, -0.9765625, -0.44921875, -0.4921875, -1, -0.8828125, 0.1796875, 0.416015625, -1.234375, 1.1328125, 2.578125, 2.046875, 1.1484375, 0.98828125, 0.69921875, -2.015625, 0.734375, 1.4375, -1.0546875, -1.1953125, -0.275390625, 0.859375, 0.2275390625, 0.443359375, -1.3125, -0.421875, 1.609375, 0.71875, -0.20703125, 0.0888671875, -0.83984375, -0.0093994140625, -0.69921875, 0.8125, -0.58203125, 0.318359375, 0.263671875, 0.2001953125, -0.28515625, 0.173828125, 0.11474609375, -0.609375, -0.0128173828125, -0.330078125, -0.357421875, 0.09423828125, -0.77734375, -0.5703125, 0.1826171875, -0.10205078125, -0.9609375, 0.8046875, 1.2734375, 1.2421875, -1.34375, -0.9609375, -0.6171875, 0.462890625, -0.375, 0.1962890625, -1.0703125, 0.68359375, -1.625, 0.76171875, -0.859375, 1.5078125, 0.02001953125, -1.1953125, 0.9453125, -0.1044921875, -0.46484375, -0.173828125, 1.0234375, 1.265625, -1.3125, -0.3046875, 0.9453125, -0.9375, 0.35546875, 0.66796875, -1.0078125, -1.5859375, -1.9375, 2.03125, -0.431640625, 0.412109375, 0.96484375, 0.91015625, 0.87109375, -0.1787109375, -1.140625, 0.0302734375, 1.578125, -1.390625, 1.7265625, -0.396484375, -0.28515625, 0.578125, 0.78515625, 0.248046875, -1.78125, 0.80078125, 1.2109375, 0.41796875, -0.18359375, -1.859375, 0.05078125, -0.12060546875, 0.94921875, 1.3671875, 0.306640625, 0.0703125, -0.92578125, 0.6875, -0.09375, 0.2001953125, -0.419921875, -0.2255859375, 0.6484375, -1.15625, 0.03173828125, -1.0234375, 0.66015625, -1.6171875, 0.458984375, -0.435546875, -1.1953125, 2.359375, 0.3046875, 1.8984375, 0.150390625, -0.609375, -1.96875, -0.55078125, -0.3515625, 0.875, -0.455078125, 0.072265625, 0.65234375, -0.203125, 1.0859375, -0.65234375, 1.1171875, 0.4140625, 0.12451171875, -0.123046875, -0.185546875, 0.1533203125, -0.0615234375, 0.7421875, -0.447265625, 0.0087890625, 0.76953125, -1, -0.82421875, -0.044921875, -0.40625, 0.546875, 0.09716796875, -0.8828125, 0.8046875, 1.2578125, 0.205078125, 0.5703125, -1.734375, -0.5390625, 0.02490234375, -0.1455078125, -0.4921875, -0.6015625, 0.049072265625, -0.53125, -0.453125, -0.85546875, -0.1279296875, 0.72265625, 0.2138671875, 0.94921875, -0.421875, 0.31640625, -0.337890625, 0.9453125, 1.2734375, 1.5, 1.03125, 0.41015625, -1, 0.0693359375, 0.9765625, 1.8359375, 0.0810546875, 2.28125, 0.67578125, 1.6328125, 1.7265625, 0.3203125, -0.51953125, -0.6875, -0.50390625, -0.75, -0.333984375, 0.11865234375, -1.046875, -0.5625, -0.89453125, -0.1787109375, 0.201171875, 1.1640625, -0.373046875, 0.44921875, 1.234375, -1.53125, 1.4453125, 0.04248046875, -0.58203125, -2.15625, -0.1953125, -0.16015625, 0.33984375, -0.30078125, 0.48828125, -2.25, -0.0260009765625, 0.2265625, 1.4453125, -0.171875, -0.76171875, -0.38671875, 0.58203125, 0.2431640625, -0.52734375, 0.25390625, -1.765625, 0.115234375, 0.291015625, -1.1171875, 0.21875, 0.0712890625, -0.0230712890625, 2.640625, -1.1953125, 1.46875, -0.55859375, 1.0234375, -1.0625, -0.68359375, 1.765625, 0.322265625, 0.1669921875, -1.15625, -0.002166748046875, 0.70703125, 0.25, -0.498046875, -0.9765625, -0.34375, -0.69921875, 1.2734375, 0.31640625, -0.42578125, 1.8671875, -0.1494140625, 1.2734375, -2.890625, 0.4765625, -0.7890625, 0.4609375, -2.375, 1.421875, -0.64453125, -0.8125, -0.3125, -0.75390625, -0.119140625, -0.953125, 0.2431640625, 1.2734375, -0.2392578125, 0.578125, -0.216796875, -0.3203125, -0.494140625, 0.96484375, 0.087890625, -1.421875, 0.408203125, -0.9140625, 1.5390625, -0.953125, -0.064453125, -1.2109375, 0.65234375, 0.1298828125, 0.80078125, 0.58203125, 0.1943359375, 0.470703125, -0.71484375, -1.171875, 0.87890625, -0.29296875, 0.11865234375, 0.326171875, -1.609375, -1.1953125, -1.4609375, -0.031982421875, -0.181640625, -0.53125, 0.2451171875, 1.171875, 0.47265625, -0.0419921875, -0.82421875, 0.5546875, -0.7734375, 0.236328125, -0.58984375, 0.8828125, -0.37890625, 0.9375, -0.400390625, 0.84765625, 0.7109375, -1.1640625, -0.39453125, -0.318359375, 0.67578125, -0.2001953125, 0.71875, 1.34375, 0.94140625, 1.734375, -0.2021484375, -0.380859375, 0.1572265625, 0.41015625, 0.138671875, -1.15625, 0.055908203125, -0.75390625, 0.2373046875, -1.21875, -0.27734375, 0.091796875, -0.6328125, -0.7578125, -1.0234375, -0.10693359375, -0.08544921875, 0.53125, 1.1328125, 1.046875, 1.375, 0.6953125, 0.9140625, -1.3359375, 0.32421875, 1.3515625, -1.6953125, 0.53515625, 0.51171875, 1.390625, -0.86328125, 0.3515625, -0.205078125, -1.4609375, 0.83203125, 1.875, -1.21875, -0.5703125, 0.0252685546875, -1.34375, 0.482421875, 0.2890625, -0.95703125, 0.07470703125, 1.46875, -0.05224609375, 0.126953125, -0.228515625, -0.9453125, -0.890625, -0.91796875, -1.1171875, -0.059814453125, -0.49609375, 0.5859375, 1.21875, 0.9296875, 0.400390625, -0.91015625, 0.36328125, -0.12109375, 0.55078125, -1.2421875, -0.447265625, 0.5390625, -0.1708984375, -0.765625, 0.2734375, 0.5234375, -0.314453125, -1.1640625, -0.52734375, 1.15625, 1.3515625, 2.609375, 0.69140625, -0.14453125, 0.96484375, 0.23046875, -0.158203125, 0.64453125, -0.890625, -0.33984375, 0.66015625, -1.546875, -0.5078125, 0.6484375, 2.15625, -0.059326171875, 1.0078125, 0.64453125, -0.8984375, -0.58203125, 0.41015625, 0.5703125, -1.34375, -0.57421875, 0.19921875, -0.1240234375, 0.134765625, 0.4765625, 0.7109375, 0.216796875, -0.41015625, 0.34375, -0.40625, -0.6171875, 1.2734375, 0.455078125, 1.671875, -0.6796875, -0.546875, 0.5390625, -1.3671875, 0.6015625, -0.35546875, -0.45703125, 1.25, 0.88671875, 1.2421875, 0.54296875, 0.07861328125, 0.33203125, 0.6484375, 0.984375, 0.146484375, 0.08984375, -0.59765625, -0.359375, -0.421875, -0.033203125, 0.427734375, -0.51953125, 1.8671875, 0.890625, 0.03173828125, -1.7109375, 0.25390625, -1.5078125, -2.5, 0.859375, -0.87109375, -0.173828125, 1.84375, 1.640625, 0.8203125, -0.48046875, 0.443359375, -0.365234375, -0.1572265625, 0.119140625, -0.2080078125, 0.87109375, 0.185546875, -1.09375, -1.0703125, -0.3515625, -1.1328125, 1.0390625, 0.470703125, -0.62109375, -1.515625, 0.18359375, 0.81640625, -1.71875, -0.41015625, 1.1640625, -1.8515625, -0.400390625, -0.78515625, -1.5, 0.333984375, -0.63671875, -0.365234375, -0.07177734375, -0.37109375, 0.5703125, 0.6171875, -0.51171875, -0.1796875, -0.408203125, -0.369140625, 0.98046875, 0.74609375, -0.6484375, -0.00112152099609375, -1.03125, 0.2001953125, -0.291015625, 0.47265625, 1.703125, -0.6875, 1.328125, -0.458984375, -0.5078125, -0.86328125, -0.0693359375, -0.25390625, 0.03662109375, -0.181640625, -0.91796875, 1.3203125, -0.0859375, -0.36328125, 0.72265625, 0.361328125, -0.1884765625, -0.490234375, -1.59375, 0.51953125, -1.7890625, -1.1171875, -0.408203125, -0.0478515625, -0.02587890625, 0.48828125, -0.83203125, 1.140625, 1.09375, 0.294921875, -0.26171875, 1.9296875, 0.63671875, 0.427734375, -1.0625, -1.0703125, -1.3046875, 0.92578125, 0.0693359375, -1.8671875, 0.96484375, 0.37109375, 1.0625, -0.26171875, -0.05615234375, -0.298828125, 0.2265625, 0.73046875, 1.7578125, -0.23828125, 0.62109375, -0.1904296875, 0.2109375, 0.953125, -1.5859375, 0.65625, 0.08203125, -1.515625, 0.53515625, 1.5703125, -0.416015625, -0.2001953125, -0.23046875, 0.94140625, -0.46875, -0.1884765625, 0.2333984375, -0.44140625, 1.234375, 2.796875, -0.484375, -0.84765625, -2.03125, 0.26953125, 1.0546875, -0.474609375, -0.15234375, -0.84375, 0.55859375, -1.5859375, 0.51953125, -2.453125, -0.69921875, 0.248046875, 1.09375, 0.7734375, 1.4453125, 0.41015625, 0.427734375, 0.390625, -1.2578125, 0.498046875, 0.142578125, 0.1357421875, -0.80078125, 1.3046875, 0.796875, -0.333984375, -0.69921875, 0.6171875, -0.388671875, -0.1533203125, -0.6328125, -0.038818359375, 1.7578125, 0.4375, -0.56640625, -0.9921875, 0.59375, 0.8046875, 0.74609375, -0.447265625, -0.07421875, 0.15234375, -1.6640625, 1.09375, 0.119140625, -0.5703125, 0.076171875, -1.421875, -0.423828125, 1.1640625, 1.4453125, -0.169921875, -0.71484375, -0.5, 2.171875, 0.1982421875, 0.9609375, -0.875, 0.98046875, -0.8671875, -0.134765625, 0.061279296875, -0.0908203125, -0.515625, 0.318359375, -0.037353515625, -0.60546875, 1.2421875, -2.03125, 0.189453125, 1.9765625, -0.4296875, 1.9453125, 0.185546875, 0.7109375, 1.2265625, -0.2138671875, -0.8359375, -0.330078125, -0.53125, -0.79296875, 0.09375, 0.98828125, -1.453125, -0.26171875, 2.546875, 1.3359375, 0.62109375, -0.1259765625, 0.026611328125, 0.66796875, 0.177734375, -0.34375, -0.734375, -0.49609375, -0.578125, 0.671875, 0.28125, 0.88671875, 0.84375, 1.203125, 1.796875, 0.26953125, -0.34765625, 0.09423828125, 1.0546875, 1.1796875, -0.65234375, 0.4453125, -0.001312255859375, 0.6484375, -0.87890625, -0.2412109375, -0.46484375, -0.515625, 0.796875, -0.640625, -0.78125, -1.4375, 0.06884765625, 1.3046875, 1.40625, 2.890625, 0.326171875, -1.0390625, -0.65234375, 0.126953125, 0.75390625, -1.3828125, 0.61328125, -0.1708984375, -0.91015625, 0.80078125, 0.72265625, -0.068359375, 1.390625, 0.73828125, -0.205078125, -1.265625, -1.359375, -0.0732421875, 2.40625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1535202818
Rapid equilibrium between monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric forms of the 46‐kDa mannose 6‐phosphate receptor at 37°C
At 4°C, detergent‐solubilized 46‐kDa mannose 6‐phosphate receptor (MPR 46) exists as a mixture of dimeric and tetrameric forms [A. Waheed, A. Hille, U. Junghans &amp; K. von Figura (1990) Biochemistry 29 , 2449–2455]. At 37°C, MPR 46 exists as a mixture of monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric forms, which can be separated by sucrose density centrifugation or chromatography on a mannose‐6‐phosphate affinity matrix. Monomeric MPR 46 did not bind to the affinity matrix, while dimeric and tetrameric receptors were eluted with increasing concentrations of mannose 6‐phosphate. Depending on the incubation temperature, dimeric MPR 46 preferentially associates to tetramers (≤16°C) or dissociates to monomers (≥25°C). The presence of mannose 6‐phosphate shifts the equilibrium to higher quaternary structure, with a maximal effect at 37°C. Incubation of dimeric or tetrameric receptor at pH 4.0 induces a rapid dissociation of about a third of the receptor with t 1/2 of &lt; 2 min, followed by a phase of slow dissociation. Readjusting the pH to 7.5 induces a rapid formation of dimers and tetramers, which is promoted by the presence of mannose 6‐phosphate or an increase of the receptor concentration. These observations may indicate that the recycling of the receptor between the Golgi apparatus, where it binds ligands at near‐neutral pH, and the acidic prelysosomes, where it releases the ligands, is associated with a change of its quaternary structure, which in turn may affect the recycling kinetics. In keeping with this assumption, we observed in baby hamster kidney cells over‐expressing MPR 46 and in membrane prepared from these cells monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric forms of the receptor.
[ -0.8984375, -0.1865234375, 0.66796875, -0.88671875, 0.173828125, 1.1796875, -1.03125, 1.375, -0.56640625, 1.1953125, -1.4296875, 1.265625, 0.6328125, 0.66796875, 0.9609375, -0.1669921875, -0.5703125, -0.203125, -1.0546875, -0.3984375, -0.9609375, -0.58203125, -0.9375, 0.109375, -0.4140625, 1.6015625, 0.00909423828125, -0.515625, 0.91015625, 0.828125, -0.298828125, 0.51953125, -1.3515625, -0.828125, 0.5234375, -0.703125, 0.76171875, 0.09912109375, -1.265625, 0.96875, 0.1953125, -0.55859375, 0.37109375, -1.1328125, 0.0927734375, -0.2119140625, -0.008056640625, -0.267578125, 0.1962890625, -0.20703125, 0.353515625, 0.48828125, 0.380859375, -0.63671875, -0.091796875, 0.4375, -0.9140625, -1.1171875, 0.10400390625, -0.921875, -1.640625, -0.796875, 0.56640625, -0.3359375, 0.67578125, 0.193359375, 0.76953125, -0.0142822265625, 1.4765625, 0.96484375, 0.97265625, -0.578125, -0.79296875, -0.0234375, 0.251953125, 0.6875, 0.2353515625, 0.9609375, -0.09912109375, 1.453125, -0.625, -0.0152587890625, 0.1298828125, 0.421875, -0.23828125, 0.6953125, 1.4921875, 1.234375, 1.359375, 0.74609375, 0.09326171875, 0.490234375, -0.64453125, -0.1591796875, -0.02978515625, 0.640625, 0.890625, 0.052490234375, -0.59765625, 1.359375, -0.921875, -1.15625, 0.4296875, 0.82421875, 0.416015625, 1.1640625, -1.078125, -0.341796875, 0.0859375, -0.7890625, -0.6640625, -0.1630859375, 0.30859375, 0.6484375, 0.54296875, 0.306640625, -1.40625, 0.66796875, 0.259765625, -0.12890625, 1.3046875, -1.6796875, 0.2109375, -0.365234375, 0.5390625, 0.6640625, -1.328125, -0.13671875, 0.2734375, -1.0703125, 1.2109375, 0.138671875, -1.7421875, -0.1103515625, 1.015625, -0.404296875, -0.4375, 0.69921875, 0.90234375, 0.0615234375, 0.2041015625, 1.1953125, 0.34765625, -1.3359375, -0.81640625, -1.0234375, -0.2275390625, 1.0390625, -1.3125, 0.01007080078125, -0.2109375, -0.2353515625, -0.79296875, 1.9765625, -0.69921875, 0.04638671875, -0.1806640625, 2.1875, 0.44921875, -0.185546875, -0.3203125, -1.3046875, 0.337890625, 0.1416015625, -1.5546875, -0.81640625, 0.4296875, 0.79296875, 0.984375, -2.171875, 0.2041015625, -1.03125, 0.9296875, -0.76171875, 1.8203125, -1.9765625, 0.1806640625, 1.1328125, -0.392578125, -0.06396484375, 0.48828125, 2.09375, 0.333984375, -1.515625, 0.75, 2.40625, -1.734375, -0.125, 0.70703125, 1.7578125, 0.94921875, -1.453125, -1.40625, 1.4921875, 0.400390625, 0.2236328125, 1.0078125, 0.494140625, -1.8984375, -0.98828125, -0.1875, -0.259765625, 0.6875, -0.3515625, -0.57421875, 0.50390625, 0.45703125, 0.6484375, 0.2490234375, 1.7421875, 0.455078125, -1.5078125, 0.294921875, -0.8203125, 0.63671875, -0.1943359375, -0.82421875, 0.77734375, 0.1640625, 0.2470703125, 2.421875, 0.984375, 1.4375, -1.65625, 0.93359375, -1.578125, -0.53515625, 0.2470703125, -2.65625, 1.28125, 1.28125, -0.1904296875, -0.48046875, -0.37109375, -1.703125, -0.2578125, -0.62890625, -0.43359375, 1.640625, 0.302734375, -0.0859375, 0.0791015625, 1.078125, 2.296875, 1.375, -1.5, 0.69921875, -0.52734375, -1.4140625, 0.796875, 1.0625, -1.515625, -0.314453125, -0.30078125, 0.016845703125, 0.34765625, -1.5546875, 0.96484375, 0.1669921875, -1.203125, -0.1572265625, 1, -0.77734375, 0.171875, -0.053466796875, -0.33984375, -1.0234375, -0.50390625, -0.462890625, -1.2109375, 0.255859375, 0.2177734375, -0.51953125, -0.408203125, 1.03125, 0.51171875, -0.68359375, 0.09033203125, 0.58203125, -0.921875, 0.4921875, -1.109375, -0.388671875, 0.67578125, -0.1083984375, 1.140625, 1.59375, 1.0234375, -0.25, -1.4453125, -0.73828125, 0.040771484375, -1.859375, -1.1796875, 1.6796875, -0.6796875, 0.09033203125, 1.3203125, 1.640625, 1.6484375, -0.07666015625, -0.0556640625, -0.197265625, -0.4453125, 1.1015625, -0.61328125, -0.412109375, -0.40234375, 0.5078125, 1.625, -0.4375, -0.2490234375, -0.5390625, 0.7421875, 1.3984375, -0.328125, 0.88671875, -2.125, -0.66015625, 1.1796875, 0.9140625, -0.353515625, -1.484375, 1.3203125, -0.85546875, -0.875, -0.412109375, 0.3671875, -0.86328125, 1.3515625, -0.46875, -0.07275390625, 0.72265625, -0.609375, -0.765625, -0.34765625, -0.3046875, -1.3203125, -0.146484375, -0.443359375, -0.1953125, -0.69140625, -0.404296875, -0.96875, -0.6640625, 1.65625, 0.97265625, 0.984375, -0.44140625, -1.90625, 0.66796875, -1.3359375, 0.40234375, -1.265625, -0.5859375, 1.203125, 1.328125, -0.67578125, 0.416015625, -0.55078125, 0.1826171875, -0.4453125, -0.7265625, -0.224609375, -0.6015625, -1.4140625, 0.828125, -1.125, 0.35546875, -0.255859375, 0.84765625, 0.3828125, -1.4765625, 1.0703125, 1.46875, 1.65625, -0.921875, -1.3984375, -0.41796875, -0.201171875, -1.9609375, -0.29296875, -0.55078125, 0.9765625, 1.890625, 0.74609375, 0.466796875, 0.6796875, 0.44140625, -0.1259765625, 0.059814453125, 1.1640625, -0.859375, 0.34375, 0.357421875, 1, -0.51171875, 0.0654296875, 0.3984375, -1.7421875, 0.78125, 0.2333984375, 1.1796875, -0.2294921875, -0.310546875, -1.2578125, -1.5859375, -0.37890625, -0.17578125, 0.9140625, -0.9375, 1.640625, -1.125, -1.234375, 0.396484375, -0.337890625, 0.1962890625, -0.9375, -0.53125, 1.3515625, 0.82421875, -0.5390625, -0.5078125, -1.2890625, 0.482421875, 0.041259765625, -0.103515625, 1.1875, -1.0625, 0.41015625, 0.06494140625, 0.86328125, 0.01287841796875, 0.10595703125, 0.1318359375, -0.006591796875, 0.51171875, -0.1416015625, -2.1875, 1.2890625, -0.05810546875, 0.93359375, -0.53515625, -0.90625, 1.03125, 2.453125, 0.2001953125, 0.28125, -0.0135498046875, 0.87109375, 0.6015625, -1.203125, -2.3125, -1.109375, -0.75, 0.71875, -0.8671875, -0.91015625, 0.0157470703125, -0.08447265625, -0.416015625, 0.35546875, -0.54296875, -0.11279296875, 0.9453125, -0.291015625, 0.0693359375, 0.267578125, -0.71875, 2.5625, 1.1015625, 1.234375, -0.07421875, 0.50390625, -0.189453125, 0.024169921875, 0.427734375, 1.953125, 0.9453125, -0.1435546875, 1.015625, 0.7578125, -1.3359375, 0.66015625, 1.421875, 0.6015625, -0.77734375, 0.90234375, 0.58203125, 0.9140625, -0.6875, -0.25390625, 0.859375, -0.4453125, 0.953125, 0.8515625, -0.83984375, -0.546875, -0.5390625, -0.34765625, -0.765625, -2.71875, -1.9375, 0.8046875, -0.115234375, -0.2333984375, -0.189453125, 0.30078125, -1.953125, 0.5234375, 1.8203125, 2.40625, -0.8671875, -1.921875, -0.77734375, 1.09375, 1.703125, 0.6171875, 0.76953125, -1.7421875, -0.484375, -0.8359375, -0.2890625, 1.2734375, 0.9140625, -1.0234375, 1.015625, -0.6484375, 0.43359375, -0.67578125, -0.5703125, -0.216796875, 0.94921875, 1.296875, -0.353515625, -0.357421875, 0.048583984375, 1.1953125, 0.09521484375, -1.140625, -1, 0.1640625, 0.41796875, -0.93359375, 0.07568359375, -0.640625, 0.515625, 1.5, -0.03857421875, 0.58984375, -0.79296875, 0.1552734375, -2.375, -0.443359375, -0.19140625, 1.3359375, -0.32421875, -0.482421875, -0.6171875, -1.21875, -0.7421875, -2.609375, -0.94921875, 1.6953125, -0.6328125, -0.625, -1.59375, -0.057373046875, 0.5625, -0.1044921875, -0.4453125, -0.01531982421875, -0.08740234375, 0.054443359375, 0.828125, 0.1611328125, -0.228515625, -0.31640625, -0.84375, 0.11669921875, 0.765625, -0.119140625, -0.1171875, 0.2158203125, 0.2041015625, -0.384765625, 1.828125, -0.65625, 0.65625, -1.0625, -1.1796875, -0.28515625, 0.57421875, 0.55859375, -0.58984375, 0.345703125, 0.625, 1.2265625, -0.130859375, 0.796875, -0.365234375, 0.302734375, 0.72265625, -0.45703125, 0.3359375, -0.734375, -1.125, 0.3203125, 0.84765625, 0.5078125, -1.5859375, 0.017822265625, -0.71484375, -0.99609375, 0.1982421875, 1.3046875, 0.1904296875, -0.0517578125, 1.1953125, 0.0703125, -1.046875, -0.55859375, -1.1953125, 1.3515625, 0.8203125, -0.73046875, -0.61328125, -1.9375, 0.37109375, -1.1015625, -1.65625, 0.0947265625, -0.7421875, -1.0625, 0.419921875, -0.408203125, 0.1845703125, 1.4375, 0.1533203125, 0.1650390625, 0.5546875, 0.44140625, 1.3671875, 1.6953125, -0.490234375, 0.7421875, -0.53125, -0.52734375, -0.034912109375, 0.494140625, -0.25, 0.515625, 0.259765625, 0.62890625, -0.65625, 0.60546875, -1.40625, 0.3125, 0.279296875, 0.7890625, 0.91796875, 1.1875, -0.8125, -0.94140625, 0.251953125, 0.98046875, -0.310546875, -0.546875, 0.546875, -0.83203125, 0.10693359375, -0.73046875, -0.08251953125, -0.625, -0.828125, 0.58984375, -0.287109375, 1.2421875, -0.22265625, 0.6640625, 0.72265625, 0.65625, 0.75390625, 0.322265625, 0.859375, -0.326171875, -1.8828125, 0.79296875, -0.66796875, -0.796875, -0.478515625, 0.361328125, 1.3046875, 1.3359375, -0.1376953125, -0.087890625, 2.046875, 1.515625, -0.8828125, -1.25, 0.1796875, 1.1328125, -0.279296875, -0.1767578125, -0.365234375, -0.5859375, 1.2421875, 1.296875, -0.061279296875, 0.43359375, 0.83984375, -0.373046875, -0.2138671875, -1.296875, 1.25, 0.380859375, 0.1904296875, -0.1796875, -1.4765625, 0.234375, 1.84375, -0.67578125, 0.1064453125, -0.9375, -1.7578125, -1.296875, -1.0234375, -0.59765625, 0.21484375, 1, -0.46484375, -0.189453125, 2.828125, -0.52734375, 0.671875, -0.6328125, -0.8828125, 0.5078125, 1.0390625, 1.4296875, 0.00146484375, 0.83203125, 1.3125, -0.953125, -0.94921875, 0.54296875, -0.7578125, -0.265625, 0.34765625, -1.546875, 0.87890625, -0.69921875, -0.1455078125, 0.96484375, 1.4921875, -0.671875, -2.578125, -0.70703125, -0.01806640625, -0.7890625, 1.359375, -0.765625, 1.625, -0.2314453125, 1.21875, -0.796875, 0.050048828125, -0.5234375, 0.62890625, 0.287109375, -0.423828125, -1.1875, 0.46875, 1.2734375, -1.546875, 0.50390625, 0.6484375, -2.3125, 1.8046875, 1.265625, -1.6640625, -0.4609375, -0.4765625, -0.08251953125, -1.78125, -0.054443359375, 0.056396484375, -0.546875, -1.4609375, -0.5390625, -0.609375, 0.80859375, -0.6328125, 0.310546875, 0.35546875, -0.458984375, -0.6484375, 0.59375, 0.44921875, 0.09912109375, 0.734375, 1.9765625, 0.369140625, -0.57421875, -1.234375, 0.0140380859375, -1.40625, -0.33984375, 0.130859375, -1.1015625, 1.0625, -0.48046875, 1.3984375, 0.85546875, -1.9375, -0.2109375, -1.0078125, 0.248046875, 0.890625, 0.8046875, -0.439453125, -0.77734375, 0.5234375, -0.1181640625, 0.91015625, 0.62890625, 0.50390625, -0.435546875, -1.265625, 0.490234375, -0.96875, -0.5703125, -1.359375, 0.34375, 0.58984375, 0.337890625, 0.047607421875, 0.58203125, -0.279296875, -0.287109375, -0.66015625, 0.88671875, 0.40625, 0.7109375, -1.3515625, -0.240234375, -0.0191650390625, 0.09912109375, 0.04736328125, -0.314453125, 1.2734375, 0.06298828125, 1.71875, -0.9140625, -0.0155029296875, -0.55078125, -0.08251953125, -0.97265625, 2.015625, 1.1875, 0.6953125, -0.16015625, 1.3671875, 3.234375, 0.48046875, -1.0546875, -0.228515625, 0.125, 0.56640625, 0.263671875, -0.50390625, -0.201171875, 0.5234375, 1.2734375, 0.5859375, 0.921875, -1.1484375, -1.8984375, -1.0390625, 2.296875, -1.3125, -0.13671875, -0.2060546875, 1.6875, 1.328125, -1.46875, -0.0576171875, -1.6875, -0.9453125, -0.341796875, 1.171875, -2.375, -0.98046875, -0.41796875, 0.96875, 1.0703125, -0.578125, 0.66796875, -0.5078125, -0.1669921875, 0.0189208984375, -0.275390625, -0.609375, 0.984375, -0.82421875, 0.412109375, -0.2265625, -0.59375, 0.030517578125, 0.72265625, -0.00555419921875, 1.046875, -0.30859375, -0.640625, 0.9375, -0.671875, 0.7421875, -1.4296875, 0.91796875, 0.625, -0.052978515625, 0.05419921875, -0.78125, -0.07763671875, 0.625, 2.015625, -2.015625, -0.265625, 0.26171875, 0.5390625, -0.376953125, -0.984375, 0.7578125, -0.06396484375, -1.25, -1.09375, 1.6015625, -0.0947265625, 0.8671875, -1.3515625, -0.06103515625, -1.1875, 1.21875, -1.53125, -0.2412109375, 0.296875, -0.302734375, -0.66015625, -0.10986328125, 0.86328125, -0.1337890625, 0.7734375, 0.734375, 0.333984375, 0.68359375, 0.83984375, -0.2099609375, 1.6015625, 1.5234375, -0.20703125, -1.125, -0.447265625, -2.109375, -0.59375, 1.296875, -0.1396484375, 1.2421875, 1.3984375, 0.54296875, -0.74609375, -1.1875, 0.671875, -0.265625, -0.1826171875, -1, 1.90625, 0.498046875, 0.15625, -0.205078125, -0.66796875, 0.1728515625, 2.328125, 0.76953125, 1.484375, 0.1064453125, -0.271484375, 0.9921875, 0.67578125, 0.80078125, -0.10009765625, 0.7890625, -2.15625, -0.5390625, -0.052978515625, 0.23046875, -0.81640625, -0.9296875, 0.189453125, -0.35546875, -0.65625, -0.130859375, -0.671875, 1.171875, -0.0556640625, 2.6875, -0.007659912109375, 0.50390625, -0.349609375, 0.8515625, 1.390625, -1.03125, -0.2080078125, 0.369140625, -2.765625, 0.376953125, 1.0234375, 0.1865234375, 1.296875, -0.4609375, 0.55859375, -1.546875, -0.57421875, 1.2578125, 1.953125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1535440553
Studying the effect of green marketing mix on market share increase
Concepts such as green marketing-environmental and social marketing have been proposed in marketing literature over time for acting to social responsibility of corporations. Green marketing which is known as sustainable marketing too is a process that is implemented today even in developing countries. Due to the issue of preserving the environment consumers rethink about the products they purchase. Nowadays, many consumers are prepared to pay a higher price for the products which observe environmental standards for actual protection of the environment. The present paper intended to study the effect of green marketing mix on market share increase in manufacturing companies. To this end, one primary hypothesis and twelve secondary hypotheses were proposed. The survey was conducted using descriptive-applied method and researcher self-made questionnaire was tool of data collection. The statistical population included one-hundred fifty nine employees of a manufacturing company among whom one hundred persons were selected as research sample using Cochran formula. The results revealed that there is a significant and positive relation between green marketing mix and market share increase and all hypotheses were confirmed. The present paper has implications for managers of service and industrial corporations and marketing and management researchers. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Обычная таблица; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
[ 0.65234375, 0.2578125, 0.46875, 0.31640625, -0.1708984375, -1.3046875, -0.6015625, 1.140625, -0.142578125, -0.765625, -1.4609375, 0.7890625, 2.15625, 0.54296875, 0.84765625, -0.1708984375, -0.6484375, -0.029296875, -0.431640625, -0.404296875, 0.0296630859375, 0.341796875, -1.1328125, 1.0390625, -0.6015625, 0.173828125, -0.7421875, -0.1337890625, 0.09619140625, 0.765625, 0.1640625, 1.4453125, -2.796875, 0.2421875, -0.61328125, 0.01171875, 0.73828125, 1.5, -0.2412109375, -0.85546875, 2.21875, -0.85546875, 0.345703125, -0.4453125, -0.03271484375, 2, 0.58203125, -0.3671875, 0.392578125, -1.3046875, 0.224609375, 1.578125, -0.34765625, -0.52734375, 0.458984375, 0.474609375, -1.15625, -1.3984375, 2.578125, 0.65234375, 1.40625, -1.515625, -0.5, 0.30078125, 0.90234375, -0.83203125, -0.1455078125, 0.90625, 0.6015625, -0.07177734375, 1.265625, 0.8359375, -0.057373046875, -0.66015625, 0.01416015625, -0.328125, -0.6640625, 0.37890625, 0.7734375, 1.3671875, 1.4375, 0.2119140625, -1.1640625, -0.050048828125, -0.259765625, 1.0625, -1.015625, 1.1484375, -0.06640625, 0.6640625, 0.470703125, -0.1708984375, -0.185546875, -1.2734375, 1.1171875, -1.09375, 0.29296875, -0.341796875, -1.734375, 0.1826171875, -0.6875, -2.046875, 0.353515625, -0.158203125, 1.015625, 0.65625, -0.79296875, -0.70703125, -1.8125, 1.0703125, 0.166015625, -0.1943359375, -0.81640625, -1.109375, 2.125, 0.96484375, 1.1171875, 1.0859375, 0.48828125, -1.875, 0.640625, -0.5234375, -0.0654296875, 0.396484375, 1.3671875, 1.0078125, 0.06396484375, -1.1328125, -0.9296875, -0.63671875, 0.98828125, 1.2734375, 0.453125, -0.126953125, 0.296875, 0.416015625, 0.98046875, -0.31640625, 0.86328125, 0.76953125, -0.58203125, 1.25, 0.09326171875, -0.06396484375, -1.2109375, -1.03125, 1.0546875, 0.359375, -0.55078125, 0.91015625, 0.248046875, -0.3125, -0.01495361328125, 1.7421875, 0.8359375, 0.83203125, -0.87109375, 2.484375, 1.09375, -0.859375, -0.0810546875, -1.921875, 1.59375, -0.05419921875, 0.72265625, -0.50390625, 0.185546875, -0.11474609375, -0.2236328125, 1.21875, -0.3671875, 0.0751953125, 0.291015625, 0.35546875, 2.625, -0.10986328125, 0.1298828125, -0.2080078125, -0.93359375, -0.13671875, -0.255859375, 1.9140625, 0.3984375, 0.21484375, 0.08740234375, -0.349609375, -1.4921875, -0.57421875, -0.68359375, 1.5, 1.0625, -1.328125, 0.58203125, 1.21875, 1.546875, -0.197265625, -0.031982421875, 0.6875, 0.7578125, -0.56640625, -1.0859375, 0.76953125, 0.408203125, -0.044677734375, -0.8828125, 0.369140625, 1.3828125, 1.0625, 0.6171875, 0.396484375, -1.265625, -1.1796875, -0.80078125, -0.04638671875, -2.171875, -1.015625, -0.98828125, 1.734375, -1.125, 0.16796875, 1.3828125, -0.4296875, 0.06494140625, -0.0400390625, 0.12451171875, -1.1875, 1.4765625, 1.4765625, -0.2197265625, 1.953125, 0.498046875, 0.875, -0.07421875, -1.2734375, -0.75390625, -0.6796875, -1.1640625, 2.359375, -0.458984375, -2.15625, 0.193359375, -1.6015625, 0.1982421875, 0.671875, 0.65625, 0.72265625, 0.16796875, -2.5, -1.0625, -0.3984375, 0.7421875, -1.6484375, -0.7109375, -0.251953125, 0.1630859375, -0.1162109375, 0.3203125, -0.5703125, 0.58203125, -0.31640625, -0.984375, 1.265625, 0.5078125, 0.3203125, -0.9609375, 0.228515625, -0.7578125, 0.8203125, 0.2060546875, -0.1064453125, -0.400390625, -1.5, -0.2197265625, 0.458984375, -0.52734375, -0.06591796875, -0.59765625, 0.2119140625, -0.1650390625, -0.1806640625, -0.63671875, -0.63671875, -0.6484375, 1.453125, 0.828125, 1.96875, 0.84765625, 0.349609375, -0.625, -0.921875, -0.67578125, -0.94921875, -1.1875, -0.8046875, -0.84765625, 0.032958984375, -0.55859375, 0.6796875, 1.4921875, 0.158203125, 1.515625, 0.2099609375, -0.7890625, -1.140625, -0.09228515625, -1.0859375, -1.625, -1.234375, 1.1484375, -0.2158203125, -1.515625, -0.146484375, -1.640625, 0.62890625, 0.75, 1.7734375, 0.291015625, -1.40625, 0.78125, 0.50390625, 1.109375, -0.2333984375, -1.8984375, -0.25390625, 0.26953125, -0.75, -1.7109375, -0.83203125, -1.125, 0.1162109375, -0.41796875, -0.103515625, 0.12353515625, 0.478515625, -1.5546875, 1.1875, 0.51953125, -0.52734375, 1.34375, -0.115234375, 1.2265625, 0.4140625, -0.9375, -1.65625, -0.79296875, 1.171875, -0.14453125, -0.302734375, 1.296875, -1.203125, 0.5, -0.1318359375, 0.68359375, 0.76953125, 0.00653076171875, 1.2109375, 1.109375, -1.6640625, -0.33203125, 0.28125, 1.015625, -0.49609375, -1.265625, 1.0078125, 0.78515625, 0.71875, 0.14453125, 0.478515625, -0.10986328125, -0.275390625, 1.7578125, 0.5703125, -0.25390625, 0.490234375, 0.93359375, 0.90625, -1.2421875, -0.06884765625, 0.546875, 0.515625, -0.8046875, 0.8984375, -0.061279296875, 0.515625, 0.9921875, 0.1689453125, -0.1171875, -1.375, -0.55078125, 0.71875, -0.59765625, 0.69921875, -1.015625, -0.057861328125, 1.25, -0.79296875, 0.8984375, -1.421875, 0.3359375, -2, -0.94140625, -0.55859375, 0.1796875, -1.1796875, 0.296875, -0.1806640625, -0.25390625, -0.21875, 0.484375, -0.126953125, -0.26171875, -0.341796875, -0.42578125, -0.0079345703125, -0.412109375, -0.625, -0.171875, 0.0004596710205078125, -0.62890625, -0.03955078125, 0.07763671875, 0.5546875, -0.05419921875, -0.7421875, -0.57421875, 1.4453125, 0.244140625, -0.283203125, -1.6953125, 0.33203125, 0.8671875, 0.55859375, -0.57421875, -0.1669921875, -0.036865234375, 0.9140625, 1.7421875, -0.5078125, -1.8671875, -0.365234375, 0.8203125, 0.30078125, 0.484375, -0.021484375, 0.435546875, 1.171875, 1.40625, 0.1259765625, 0.86328125, 0.62109375, 0.099609375, -1.21875, -0.69921875, -0.390625, -0.8359375, 0.024169921875, -1.078125, -0.208984375, -1.25, 0.515625, -0.73828125, -1.7734375, 0.09033203125, 1.28125, 0.37890625, -0.6875, 0.63671875, 0.75, -1.3359375, 0.65625, -0.212890625, 1.1328125, -0.455078125, -0.55078125, -1.5390625, 0.055419921875, 0.3046875, 0.60546875, 0.419921875, 0.62109375, 0.02734375, -0.1328125, 0.234375, 0.62109375, 1.0234375, -1.0234375, 0.390625, 0.5546875, -0.1591796875, -0.625, 1.1015625, -1.59375, 0.49609375, 0.484375, 1.359375, 1.671875, 0.75, 2.09375, -0.32421875, 0.6875, -1.1796875, -0.447265625, -2.578125, -0.078125, 0.671875, 0.0703125, -0.396484375, -2.0625, -1.5859375, 0.1611328125, 0.05078125, 0.050048828125, -1.0546875, 0.057373046875, -0.33984375, 0.1328125, -0.54296875, -0.58203125, 1.390625, -1.0078125, 1.21875, 0.65625, 0.78515625, 0.466796875, 0.423828125, 1.2890625, 2.34375, -0.0064697265625, 0.71875, -0.169921875, -0.6640625, -0.47265625, -0.12451171875, -0.380859375, -0.76171875, -0.66015625, 1.4453125, 0.26953125, -0.08203125, 0.98828125, -0.87890625, 0.0072021484375, -0.953125, -1.0703125, 0.84765625, 0.455078125, -1.4453125, 0.142578125, -0.244140625, -0.875, -0.97265625, 1.125, -0.9609375, -0.1044921875, -0.326171875, 0.95703125, 0.030517578125, -0.58984375, -0.640625, -0.73828125, -0.035400390625, -0.84375, 0.7890625, 2.890625, 0.76171875, -0.39453125, -0.8359375, -1.1015625, 1.4375, -0.45703125, 0.75, 0.3984375, 0.92578125, 0.98828125, 1.25, -1.5546875, 0.0302734375, -0.06640625, -0.75390625, -0.875, -0.62109375, -0.5, -1.484375, 0.6484375, -0.369140625, 0.55078125, 0.45703125, 0.1474609375, -1.484375, -0.58203125, -1.484375, -1.5703125, 1.8515625, 0.318359375, -1.0390625, 0.4375, 0.345703125, 3.03125, -0.96484375, 0.1318359375, -1.15625, 0.62890625, -0.77734375, 0.69921875, 0.46875, 0.2109375, 0.138671875, -1.9296875, -0.15234375, 1.5, 0.03955078125, 0.0703125, -0.2119140625, -1.2734375, -0.625, -0.1689453125, 0.96875, -1.6640625, -1.109375, -0.953125, -0.90234375, -0.166015625, 1.328125, 0.76171875, 0.5390625, -0.443359375, 0.169921875, -0.60546875, 0.23828125, 0.271484375, -0.4921875, 0.427734375, 1.859375, -1.3515625, 0.01190185546875, 0.3984375, 0.2578125, 0.21875, 1.1484375, 0.33984375, 0.47265625, 0.396484375, 0.2412109375, -0.9765625, -1.1953125, 1.2265625, -0.9296875, -0.88671875, -0.447265625, -0.2001953125, 0.038818359375, 0.62890625, -1.1328125, -0.341796875, 1.125, -0.0167236328125, -0.5390625, -0.73046875, -0.828125, 0.2421875, 0.03173828125, -0.07958984375, -0.1630859375, 0.5078125, 2.6875, 0.91015625, -1.078125, -0.421875, -0.07763671875, -0.49609375, 0.1318359375, 0.06982421875, 0.318359375, 0.4296875, -1.1796875, 1.1171875, -1.8359375, 1.5703125, -0.85546875, -0.1064453125, 0.1982421875, -0.53515625, -0.9375, 0.0235595703125, 0.154296875, -0.8671875, 0.12451171875, -0.58203125, 0.423828125, 0.166015625, -1.859375, 1.3984375, -1.09375, 0.2314453125, 0.6640625, 0.37109375, 1.1484375, 0.35546875, -1.0859375, 1.1640625, 0.70703125, 1.4921875, -0.10546875, 0.4765625, 0.91015625, -1.09375, -0.07373046875, 1.15625, 0.373046875, -0.119140625, -0.439453125, 0.443359375, 1, 0.373046875, -0.04248046875, -0.0380859375, -0.44921875, 0.5703125, -1.0859375, -0.60546875, 1.03125, 0.7265625, -0.67578125, -0.83984375, -0.7421875, 0.458984375, 0.384765625, -0.1826171875, -0.421875, 0.0908203125, 0.12890625, -1.1015625, 0.53515625, -1.7265625, -0.65234375, -0.55078125, 0.314453125, 2.0625, 1.265625, 1.078125, -0.97265625, 1.0234375, 0.60546875, 0.2421875, -0.85546875, 0.20703125, 0.8671875, -1.0625, 1.65625, -0.6484375, 0.369140625, 0.9921875, -0.1826171875, -0.625, 0.2158203125, -0.232421875, 0.58203125, -0.92578125, 0.06982421875, -1.1640625, 1.7265625, 0.404296875, -0.16015625, -0.6015625, 0.470703125, 1.515625, 0.44140625, 0.1044921875, 0.4609375, 1.3359375, -0.8125, 0.123046875, 0.63671875, 0.0299072265625, 0.306640625, 1.3984375, -1.28125, -0.4140625, -1.0078125, 0.04248046875, -0.921875, 0.29296875, -0.73046875, 0.671875, 0.703125, 0.58203125, 0.037353515625, -0.9921875, 1.015625, -0.138671875, -0.859375, -1.3203125, -0.61328125, -0.24609375, 0.43359375, 0.33984375, -0.09326171875, -0.75, -0.34765625, 0.796875, -0.078125, -0.0908203125, 2.59375, 0.29296875, 0.5234375, -1.21875, 0.046142578125, 0.1572265625, -0.73828125, 0.00799560546875, 0.5078125, -0.25390625, 1.5859375, 0.33203125, 0.578125, 0.240234375, -0.22265625, 1.078125, 0.1953125, 1.3359375, -0.462890625, 0.13671875, -0.41015625, 0.056396484375, 0.310546875, 1.015625, 0.5234375, -0.5, -1.4375, 0.05810546875, -0.333984375, -0.30859375, -0.5703125, -0.40625, 0.6484375, 0.80859375, 0.04345703125, 0.302734375, -0.058837890625, 1.7265625, 0.068359375, 0.017578125, 2.1875, -0.28515625, -1.640625, -0.23046875, -0.1630859375, 0.7890625, -0.8046875, -0.87890625, 1.4921875, -0.61328125, -0.169921875, -1.03125, -0.25390625, 0.1435546875, 0.890625, 0.59375, 1.6328125, -2.015625, -0.12353515625, 0.462890625, 1.671875, 1.4765625, 0.9140625, -0.66796875, 0.8203125, -1.7421875, 0.341796875, 2.3125, -1.28125, 0.0947265625, -0.875, 1.4921875, 1.609375, -0.63671875, 0.028076171875, -1.578125, -0.298828125, 1.953125, 0.392578125, -1.125, -0.65234375, 0.609375, 0.1376953125, -1.015625, 0.314453125, 0.1474609375, -1.203125, -0.66796875, -0.498046875, -0.2255859375, -0.47265625, -0.1123046875, -0.7109375, -0.2578125, -0.2490234375, -0.5234375, -1.5390625, 2, 0.59375, -1.1015625, 0.337890625, 0.482421875, -0.66015625, -1.0234375, -1.1328125, -0.228515625, 0.47265625, -0.890625, -1.8828125, -0.60546875, -0.55859375, -1.65625, 0.61328125, -1.1875, -0.6484375, -0.423828125, 0.04833984375, -0.1435546875, 0.333984375, 0.53515625, -0.007049560546875, -0.4921875, -0.9609375, 1.3828125, -0.796875, 0.0308837890625, 0.1884765625, -0.416015625, -0.462890625, 0.3984375, -0.4609375, -0.35546875, -1.6796875, -0.9921875, 1.0390625, -0.5390625, 0.640625, 0.04345703125, -0.036376953125, 1.0078125, -0.2041015625, 1.671875, -0.412109375, 0.8046875, -0.2041015625, -0.88671875, -0.353515625, 0.7265625, -1.015625, 0.859375, 0.375, -1.421875, 0.3515625, -0.306640625, -0.9921875, 0.328125, 0.0732421875, -0.1962890625, 0.72265625, 0.62890625, -1.6953125, 0.9453125, 0.81640625, -0.625, -0.98828125, 1.15625, 0.07666015625, -0.77734375, -0.2421875, -0.034912109375, -0.46484375, 1.046875, 0.341796875, 1.8203125, 0.11865234375, -0.0673828125, 0.8125, -1.046875, 1.421875, 1.3671875, 1.1875, 0.43359375, 0.70703125, 1.3359375, 0.44140625, 0.9375, -0.62890625, 0.0859375, 1.4453125, -0.5703125, -0.01556396484375, -0.06494140625, 0.275390625, 0.58203125, -0.6015625, -0.447265625, -0.50390625, -0.212890625, -0.921875, -0.322265625, 0.9765625, 0.5234375, 1.6875, -0.69140625, 0.96875, 0.146484375, -0.58984375, -0.9765625, -0.51953125, 1.671875, -0.04931640625, 0.3828125, -1.5625, -0.0966796875, 0.84375, -0.55078125, -0.66796875, 0.6640625, -1.46875, -1.21875, -0.0576171875, 3.015625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1535472222
Kant on empiricism and rationalism
This paper aims to correct some widely held misconceptions concerning Kant's role in the formation of a widespread narrative of early modern philosophy. According to this narrative, which dominated the English-speaking world throughout the twentieth century, the early modern period was characterized by the development of two rival schools: Rene Descartes's, Baruch Spinoza's, and G. W. Leibniz's rationalism; and John Locke's, George Berkeley's, and David Hume's empiricism. Empiricists and rationalists disagreed on whether all concepts are derived from experience and whether humans can have any substantive a priori knowledge, a priori knowledge of the physical world, or a priori metaphysical knowledge. The early modern period came to a close, so the narrative claims, once Immanuel Kant, who was neither an empiricist nor a rationalist, combined the insights of both movements in his new Critical philosophy. In so doing, Kant inaugurated the new eras of German idealism and late modern philosophy
[ 1.2265625, -0.921875, 2.40625, -0.8046875, 0.212890625, -1.2421875, -0.4921875, 0.06689453125, -1.0546875, -1.7578125, -0.68359375, 1.1171875, 2.21875, -0.0751953125, 1.2109375, -0.018310546875, -0.38671875, -0.1552734375, -0.50390625, 0.294921875, 0.052490234375, -0.09228515625, -1.3359375, -0.052978515625, 1.3515625, 1.5703125, -0.9765625, -0.64453125, 0.45703125, 1.34375, 0.75, 0.09326171875, -1.203125, 0.201171875, 0.66796875, -0.12353515625, 0.28125, 0.431640625, -0.01531982421875, 2.53125, -0.1767578125, -1.4921875, 0.042724609375, -0.9453125, -0.53125, -0.1904296875, 0.330078125, -1.421875, -1.78125, -0.7734375, -1.4375, 1.1328125, 0.87890625, 0.2890625, -0.6640625, 0.80859375, -1.140625, 2.3125, 0.58203125, -0.33984375, -0.35546875, -0.291015625, 0.61328125, -1.140625, -0.95703125, -1.6171875, -0.482421875, 0.5234375, 0.8671875, -1.640625, 0.1689453125, 1.203125, -0.61328125, -0.1357421875, 0.859375, -1.5, 0.0869140625, 0.236328125, 1.5, -0.038818359375, 0.86328125, -0.69140625, 0.197265625, 0.29296875, -0.333984375, 0.02197265625, -1.5078125, 0.90625, -1.4453125, 0.20703125, -1.046875, 0.9296875, 0.33984375, 0.019775390625, 0.048095703125, -0.99609375, 1.140625, 0.578125, -0.99609375, 1.140625, -0.95703125, -1.1328125, -0.287109375, 0.023193359375, -0.83203125, -0.267578125, -1.2109375, -0.99609375, -2.234375, 0.66015625, -0.6171875, -0.2158203125, 0.6640625, 0.2890625, 1.3515625, -0.115234375, -0.7421875, 0.96875, -0.8046875, -0.94921875, 0.515625, -2.515625, 0.7109375, 0.0186767578125, 0.03369140625, 0.51171875, -0.439453125, 0.93359375, 0.88671875, 0.006591796875, 2.109375, 0.2373046875, -0.365234375, -0.1533203125, 0.87109375, -1.75, 0.52734375, -0.00909423828125, 0.2314453125, 1.15625, -0.1572265625, 0.51171875, -0.828125, -1.9453125, -2.140625, -1.7265625, 1.4921875, 0.06982421875, 0.4453125, 0.83984375, -0.609375, -1.1953125, -0.08056640625, 0.36328125, 0.310546875, -1.28125, -1.0390625, 1.171875, -0.58203125, 1.09375, -0.08642578125, -2.203125, 0.9609375, -0.29296875, 0.2734375, -0.390625, -1.1640625, -0.2099609375, 0.8984375, 1.0859375, -1.1484375, 1.2734375, 0.1669921875, 0.80078125, 1.671875, -1.3125, -0.04150390625, 0.6640625, 0.71484375, 1.046875, 0.875, -0.0908203125, 0.41796875, 0.07763671875, -0.4296875, 1.1796875, -0.96484375, -0.87890625, -0.09716796875, 0.431640625, 1.21875, -0.78125, -1.390625, 1.078125, -0.265625, -0.0576171875, -0.08154296875, 0.095703125, -0.11474609375, 0.62109375, -1.984375, 1.421875, 0.6015625, 1.53125, 0.478515625, 0.546875, -0.21484375, 0.330078125, 0.59375, 1.40625, 0.419921875, 0.7421875, -0.640625, 0.52734375, -0.765625, -1.515625, 0.1376953125, 1.546875, -1.5, -0.310546875, 1.0546875, 1.15625, -0.68359375, -0.94921875, -0.384765625, -1.953125, 0.91796875, 1.1796875, -0.443359375, -1.6953125, 0.8984375, 0.54296875, 0.205078125, 0.46875, -0.91015625, 1.984375, -1.1796875, 0.6328125, 0.09521484375, -0.2197265625, 0.3671875, 1.34375, -0.24609375, 0.7109375, 0.2734375, 1.4296875, 0.7421875, -0.8359375, 0.333984375, -0.515625, 0.30859375, -0.322265625, -0.416015625, 1.890625, 1.3515625, -0.69140625, -0.6171875, -0.51171875, 1.390625, 0.30859375, 0.0849609375, 0.75, 0.1318359375, -1.4296875, -1.46875, -0.337890625, -1.2890625, 0.9765625, 0.80859375, 0.80078125, 0.71875, -1.9296875, -1.8046875, 1.25, -0.283203125, 1.6796875, -0.4296875, 0.486328125, -0.10400390625, -0.291015625, -1.421875, -0.8203125, -0.44921875, -0.9609375, -1.21875, -0.330078125, -0.041748046875, 1, -2.28125, -0.59765625, -0.76953125, 0.8125, -0.82421875, 0.00433349609375, 0.5390625, -0.640625, -0.1669921875, 2.734375, -0.6015625, 0.2333984375, 0.2734375, 1.453125, -1.171875, -0.0250244140625, 0.25390625, -0.37109375, -2.578125, 0.859375, 1.171875, -0.07568359375, -1.1484375, 0.26171875, -0.6171875, 0.67578125, -0.138671875, 0.44921875, -0.64453125, -1.9765625, 0.224609375, 0.3125, 0.58984375, 0.026611328125, -0.54296875, -0.3046875, -0.75390625, -0.33984375, -0.9375, -1.0078125, -0.6640625, 0.6640625, -0.734375, -0.1640625, -0.1044921875, -0.216796875, -1.25, 1.84375, -0.23046875, 0.5546875, 0.34375, 1.2109375, 0.021728515625, -1.9140625, -0.6015625, -2.25, 0.00872802734375, 0.045654296875, 0.33984375, -1.0625, 0.72265625, -1.078125, 0.796875, -1.015625, 0.484375, -0.369140625, -1.7734375, 0.384765625, 0.443359375, -1.765625, -0.85546875, 0.62890625, 0.34765625, -0.04541015625, -0.1298828125, 1.1328125, 1.4140625, -0.51953125, 1.8515625, -0.734375, -0.36328125, -2.234375, 1.9765625, 1.4140625, -0.69140625, 0.703125, -0.51171875, 1.0234375, -1.46875, -1.3359375, 0.1328125, 2.171875, -2.1875, 0.80859375, -0.1435546875, 0.90234375, 0.0021514892578125, 0.9609375, -1.3359375, 0.400390625, -0.53125, 1.171875, -0.283203125, 0.66796875, -0.400390625, -0.0057373046875, -0.90625, -0.439453125, 0.8125, -1.0234375, -1.0234375, -0.0361328125, 0.4375, -0.8359375, 0.35546875, -1.2265625, 1.265625, -0.8125, -0.498046875, 0.2275390625, 0.306640625, 0.54296875, -0.234375, -0.87890625, -0.19140625, -1.234375, -0.34765625, -0.1748046875, 0.373046875, -0.01953125, -0.2294921875, -0.96484375, -0.234375, 0.9921875, -1.0625, -0.17578125, -1.15625, 0.65625, -0.244140625, 0.09130859375, -0.734375, -1.5625, -1.359375, 1.0625, 0.2490234375, -1.9921875, 0.158203125, -0.375, -0.13671875, -0.451171875, -0.6171875, 1.0390625, 0.470703125, -0.421875, -0.1220703125, -0.498046875, 0.5703125, 0.1513671875, -0.59375, 0.8515625, -0.89453125, 1.8125, -0.12109375, -0.431640625, -0.98828125, -1.4765625, 1.0078125, -0.1611328125, -0.66796875, 1.3828125, -0.2333984375, -0.326171875, 0.86328125, 0.7421875, 0.86328125, -0.96875, 1.2109375, 0.859375, -0.08837890625, 0.291015625, -1.9765625, 1.1171875, -0.41015625, 0.59375, -1.1796875, -1.546875, -0.0537109375, 0.88671875, -0.392578125, -0.6640625, 0.09375, -1.8671875, 1.34375, 0.66015625, -0.6171875, -0.11474609375, -0.9453125, -0.109375, -0.099609375, 1.4921875, 1.6328125, 0.203125, -1.0703125, -1.5625, 0.09375, -0.97265625, 1.5546875, -0.6796875, 1.1640625, 0.33203125, 0.52734375, 1.171875, -1.234375, -0.1494140625, -3.515625, 0.06787109375, 0.58203125, 0.11962890625, -0.90625, -0.6484375, -0.80078125, -0.169921875, -0.337890625, 0.8671875, -0.462890625, 0.0439453125, 1.171875, -0.8359375, -0.78125, 0.41796875, 1.453125, 0.703125, 1.34375, -0.353515625, 1.0546875, -1.2109375, -0.8125, -0.341796875, 2.046875, 0.0303955078125, -0.14453125, -1.8359375, -0.11865234375, -0.6328125, 1.1796875, -0.056640625, 0.038330078125, -0.25, 0.1962890625, -0.29296875, 1.1484375, -0.66015625, -1.03125, -0.7265625, -0.6015625, 0.52734375, 1.265625, -0.13671875, -1.1875, 1.546875, -1.1484375, 0.357421875, -1.1796875, 0.67578125, -1.359375, -1.1015625, 0.96484375, 0.78125, -1.125, -0.7265625, 0.00104522705078125, -0.95703125, -0.921875, -1.0390625, -0.70703125, 1.40625, 1.9375, -0.55859375, 0.5703125, -2.234375, 0.294921875, -0.7734375, -0.10595703125, -0.423828125, 0.296875, -0.4609375, 1.5078125, -1.96875, 0.9296875, -0.80078125, -0.703125, -1.0078125, -0.81640625, 0.0869140625, 0.5546875, 1.140625, -0.64453125, 0.08447265625, 0.92578125, -0.482421875, -0.2421875, -1.3125, -0.51953125, 0.515625, -0.408203125, -0.51171875, 0.054931640625, 1.625, -0.255859375, 0.6484375, 1.109375, 1.2421875, -0.126953125, 0.01507568359375, -0.1103515625, -0.0184326171875, -0.69140625, 0.39453125, -0.59375, -0.06396484375, -0.490234375, -0.7265625, -0.035888671875, -1.8984375, 0.37109375, 1.0390625, -0.0294189453125, -0.9609375, 0.78125, -0.75390625, 0.3515625, 0.66796875, -0.55859375, -0.439453125, 0.90625, 0.6484375, 0.275390625, -1.296875, -0.255859375, -0.0693359375, -0.55859375, 0.77734375, -0.546875, 0.75, -0.30078125, -1.4765625, -0.341796875, 0.052001953125, -1.328125, -1.5390625, 1.171875, 0.271484375, -0.11767578125, -0.1630859375, -1.6171875, 0.30859375, 0.15625, 1.0859375, -1.4609375, 0.0322265625, 0.05419921875, 1.9921875, -0.74609375, 1.265625, 0.146484375, -0.353515625, -0.09619140625, 1.1640625, -1.640625, -0.1533203125, 1.1015625, 0.431640625, 0.376953125, -0.609375, 0.5234375, -0.16015625, 0.76953125, 0.39453125, -0.486328125, -2.125, 0.94140625, 0.025634765625, -0.74609375, -0.90625, -0.458984375, 0.76953125, -0.6171875, 0.68359375, 0.028564453125, 0.025146484375, 0.85546875, 0.9765625, 1.1328125, -0.671875, 0.474609375, -0.050537109375, -0.32421875, -1.0234375, 0.400390625, 1.8671875, 0.89453125, 0.93359375, -1.015625, -1.359375, 0.365234375, 0.77734375, 2.1875, 0.9609375, 0.76171875, 0.18359375, -1.1328125, -0.62890625, 0.921875, -0.44140625, 0.68359375, 0.48828125, 0.302734375, 1.15625, -0.2890625, 1.5703125, 0.036865234375, -0.408203125, -1.671875, -0.2255859375, -0.375, 0.9765625, -0.4140625, 0.162109375, 1.1328125, -0.55078125, -1.328125, -0.57421875, 1.078125, 0.984375, 0.91796875, -0.8515625, -2.09375, 0.6015625, 1.5234375, 0.0263671875, -0.51953125, -0.1953125, -1.1796875, -1.7890625, 1.5859375, 0.4140625, 1.265625, 0.049560546875, 0.5234375, 0.263671875, 2.25, 1.3515625, -0.1005859375, 1.0234375, 0.314453125, -0.17578125, 0.9453125, 0.44921875, -0.60546875, -2.109375, 1.359375, -0.671875, 0.2041015625, -0.77734375, -0.91796875, 0.9296875, -0.259765625, -0.90234375, -0.984375, -0.451171875, -0.81640625, -0.33984375, 0.93359375, -0.443359375, 0.296875, -0.439453125, 1.09375, -0.57421875, 1.4375, -0.953125, 0.036376953125, 0.984375, -0.038330078125, -0.365234375, 0.35546875, -0.388671875, -0.0517578125, 1.890625, -0.06201171875, -0.84375, 0.55078125, 0.02197265625, 0.48046875, -1.125, -1.3125, 1.53125, 0.412109375, -0.44921875, 0.1708984375, 0.447265625, -0.76953125, -0.15234375, -0.91015625, 0.07080078125, -0.625, -0.076171875, 1.3359375, -0.193359375, 0.37890625, -0.283203125, -0.208984375, -0.61328125, 1.328125, 0.279296875, -0.5546875, -1.6015625, -0.953125, 1.1328125, 0.734375, -1.609375, 0.259765625, 0.76953125, 0.35546875, -0.04052734375, 1.796875, 0.240234375, 0.279296875, 0.0634765625, 0.232421875, 0.53125, -0.41015625, 2.359375, -0.6640625, 0.392578125, 0.4765625, -0.396484375, -0.76953125, 0.1806640625, 0.013671875, -0.447265625, -0.251953125, 1.7421875, 0.54296875, -2.984375, -1.265625, -1.0390625, 0.7578125, -0.2578125, 0.70703125, 2.28125, 0.46875, 1.125, 0.302734375, 0.796875, 0.7890625, 1.09375, -1.1328125, -0.82421875, -0.78125, -1.4296875, 0.890625, -0.455078125, 1.1015625, 0.13671875, 0.208984375, -0.3046875, 0.314453125, 0.515625, 0.4921875, -0.05322265625, 0.84375, -0.6484375, 1.2109375, 1.6171875, 1.375, 1.5390625, 0.94140625, 0.89453125, 0.1669921875, -0.0791015625, 0.1533203125, 0.388671875, -1.1796875, -0.5078125, 0.86328125, 1.71875, -0.2431640625, -0.5625, -2.140625, -1.0625, 0.828125, 1.9609375, -0.66015625, 0.022216796875, -0.7421875, -0.40625, -0.32421875, 0.484375, 0.35546875, -0.94921875, 1.09375, -0.240234375, 1.2578125, 1.8828125, -0.65625, -0.058837890625, 0.9453125, 0.333984375, -0.51953125, -0.71875, -0.341796875, 0.5078125, -0.296875, 0.171875, 0.302734375, 2.171875, 0.98828125, -0.310546875, -0.1513671875, -0.78515625, 1.3046875, 0.453125, -0.1376953125, 0.1318359375, 0.828125, -0.6015625, 0.64453125, -0.71484375, 0.671875, -0.0159912109375, -0.59375, 0.3359375, 0.59375, -0.291015625, -0.8359375, 0.97265625, 0.7734375, 0.79296875, -1.9140625, -0.0341796875, -0.353515625, -0.75, -0.69140625, 0.55859375, 0.1904296875, -0.2412109375, -1.1171875, -0.326171875, -0.11474609375, -1.296875, 1.15625, -0.66796875, 0.765625, 0.134765625, 0.68359375, -0.1806640625, 0.1455078125, 1.046875, -0.1533203125, -0.4921875, -0.66796875, -0.12060546875, -0.56640625, 1.0078125, 0.62109375, -0.95703125, 1.6328125, -1.71875, -0.361328125, 0.88671875, -0.171875, -0.2177734375, -0.62890625, 1.8515625, -0.5390625, -0.4375, 1.5078125, -0.96875, 0.59765625, 0.60546875, 0.5546875, -0.890625, 0.251953125, -0.036376953125, -0.380859375, -0.68359375, -0.60546875, 0.51953125, 1.4140625, 0.474609375, -2.046875, -0.1591796875, -0.06982421875, 0.298828125, 0.11474609375, 0.130859375, 0.267578125, 0.400390625, 0.5390625, 1.46875, 0.6015625, 0.404296875, 1.40625, -0.734375, -0.58984375, -0.265625, 0.486328125, -0.365234375, -0.87109375, -1.8203125, 0.06640625, 0.55078125, 0.74609375, -0.466796875, 1.640625, 0.6953125, 1.90625, -1.453125, 0.412109375, -1.3828125, 0.9765625, -0.66796875, 0.1123046875, 0.87109375, 0.05029296875, -0.1103515625, -0.006927490234375, 0.81640625, 0.6484375, 0.0927734375, 1.03125, 1.796875, -1.046875, 0.302734375, -0.8125, 0.46875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1535540282
California Group Arboviruses: Immunodiffusion Studies
Summary Differentiation of members of the California group of arboviruses was accomplished using the double diffusion in gel technique of Ouchterlony. Eight antigenic subgroups were defined on the basis of unique antigenicities. These groupings confirmed the individuality of isolates described in the literature and allowed classification of new isolates. Unique, yet identical, patterns of antibody specificity were found in convalescent sera of 11 individuals with central nervous system disease.
[ -0.140625, -0.0810546875, 0.60546875, -1.1953125, -0.50390625, -1.6875, -2.390625, 2.0625, 0.5703125, -0.96484375, 0.2294921875, 0.162109375, 2.65625, -0.1640625, 1.375, 0.5703125, 0.27734375, 0.255859375, -1.296875, -0.345703125, 0.42578125, -0.244140625, -2.34375, -0.68359375, 1.1875, 0.953125, 0.5390625, -0.431640625, -0.09375, 0.57421875, 0.3671875, 0.1943359375, -1.2890625, -1.5390625, 0.10986328125, -1.6953125, 1.28125, 1.09375, -0.984375, 0.41015625, 0.08642578125, -1, 1.5078125, -0.2001953125, -0.30078125, 0.016357421875, -0.37109375, -0.6171875, -0.76953125, -1.90625, -0.74609375, -0.49609375, 0.1904296875, 0.90625, 0.59375, 1.828125, -1.3125, -1.1484375, 2.25, -0.36328125, -1.2734375, -1.2421875, 0.318359375, 0.56640625, 0.4453125, 0.5078125, -0.76953125, 0.453125, -0.16015625, 1.046875, 0.21484375, -0.013916015625, 0.478515625, -0.51171875, 1.5859375, 0.2578125, 0.78515625, -0.515625, 1.3984375, 0.318359375, 0.072265625, -1.15625, 0.326171875, 1.8203125, 0.71484375, 1.0390625, 0.6015625, 1.1796875, 1.8359375, 0.045654296875, 0.4765625, -0.5, -0.1494140625, -1.6015625, -0.14453125, -0.322265625, -0.8125, -0.037353515625, -0.40234375, 1.234375, -1.328125, 0.03466796875, -0.03466796875, -0.93359375, -0.61328125, 1.96875, -0.6484375, 0.1669921875, -0.2138671875, -0.11376953125, 0.1396484375, 0.52734375, 0.3984375, 1.359375, -0.64453125, -0.29296875, 0.75390625, 1.0703125, -0.0439453125, -1.015625, -1.0078125, -0.1796875, 0.703125, 0.7578125, 1.3359375, 0.296875, -0.78125, 0.439453125, 1.6015625, -0.482421875, -0.388671875, -0.703125, 0.30859375, -0.3515625, -0.419921875, 0.12109375, 0.1640625, 0.63671875, 1.3359375, 1.1953125, -0.69921875, 1.5546875, 0.302734375, 0.9140625, -0.953125, 0.6640625, 0.357421875, -0.4765625, -1.1953125, 1.2421875, 0.392578125, -0.33984375, 0.058349609375, 1.1640625, 0.19140625, 0.375, -1.234375, 0.32421875, 0.296875, 0.201171875, -1.703125, -1.5625, -0.072265625, 0.28515625, 1.1015625, -0.6015625, -0.09033203125, 0.6640625, 0.58203125, 0.09228515625, -0.86328125, 1.9296875, 1.7734375, 1.28125, 0.91796875, -0.75, -0.06591796875, 1.6171875, 1.125, -0.91015625, 1.03125, 0.75390625, -0.447265625, -1.6640625, 0.6640625, 0.474609375, -1.0625, -0.59765625, -0.45703125, 0.79296875, 0.953125, -1.09375, -1.3125, 0.83984375, 0.0966796875, -0.515625, 1.265625, 2.015625, -0.484375, -0.21875, -0.3515625, -1.140625, 1.1796875, -2.328125, 0.37890625, 0.9296875, 1.8359375, 0.5, 0.05078125, -0.45703125, 0.458984375, -1.3046875, -0.7421875, 1.7265625, -0.5078125, -0.32421875, -0.2236328125, 0.365234375, 0.984375, -0.326171875, 0.09375, 1.34375, -0.404296875, 0.44921875, -0.04931640625, -0.6171875, 1.1875, 1.171875, -0.4609375, 0.38671875, 1.234375, -0.5859375, -0.0771484375, -0.01904296875, 0.25390625, 0.40234375, 0.625, 1.0625, 0.75390625, -0.328125, 0.50390625, -0.6328125, -1.1328125, -0.43359375, 0.5546875, 0.90625, 1.8203125, -0.45703125, 0.4921875, -0.25, 1.3125, -1.0390625, -1.03125, -0.72265625, -0.423828125, -0.1611328125, -0.201171875, 0.119140625, -0.9921875, -1.4609375, -0.16796875, 0.58203125, -1.140625, 0.01275634765625, -0.64453125, 1.1875, 0.287109375, -0.38671875, -0.1328125, 0.73828125, -0.365234375, -1.3359375, -0.70703125, -0.41015625, 0.57421875, 1.859375, -0.5078125, -2.546875, 0.7109375, -0.87109375, -1.59375, -0.16796875, -0.56640625, -1.0390625, 1.2734375, -0.21484375, 1.6015625, -0.74609375, -1.3203125, 0.59375, 0.74609375, -0.75390625, -0.94921875, -0.07763671875, 0.3125, -0.75, -1.0234375, 0.859375, -1.078125, -0.2109375, 1.0625, 2.390625, 1.2578125, -0.166015625, 1.921875, -0.67578125, 0.0869140625, -0.0159912109375, -0.013671875, -0.2734375, 1.5078125, -0.055908203125, -0.5703125, 0.421875, -0.49609375, 0.8046875, -0.71484375, -0.8984375, -0.365234375, -0.1796875, 1.1953125, 0.73046875, 0.703125, 1.5, 0.462890625, -1.453125, -0.953125, 0.80078125, 0.1259765625, 0.10888671875, -0.2119140625, 0.341796875, -0.11474609375, -0.9140625, -1.640625, -0.78515625, -1.640625, 0.1767578125, 0.04736328125, -1.3359375, 0.9140625, 1.21875, -1.2578125, -1.5078125, 2.734375, 0.88671875, -1.15625, 0.0771484375, 0.1591796875, -1.7578125, -0.02734375, 0.2421875, -0.0172119140625, -1.9140625, 0.259765625, -0.490234375, 1.328125, -1.7421875, -1.2109375, -0.1484375, 0.6484375, -0.34375, 0.23046875, -0.03369140625, -0.4453125, 0.396484375, 0.90625, -0.953125, 0.2177734375, -1.140625, 0.078125, -1.1171875, -0.365234375, 1.03125, -0.08447265625, 1.6640625, -0.61328125, -0.83984375, -0.396484375, 1.5234375, -0.65625, -0.4453125, -0.76171875, 1.8515625, 0.99609375, 0.46875, 0.4375, 0.8359375, -0.494140625, 1.8125, 1.296875, -2.265625, -3, -1.34375, 0.2099609375, 0.333984375, 0.470703125, 0.40625, -1.5390625, -0.8671875, 0.96875, 1.15625, 0.09619140625, 0.08056640625, 1.3515625, -0.546875, -0.59375, -1.0625, -0.64453125, 0.546875, -0.298828125, 0.5625, -0.314453125, -0.83203125, 0.00086212158203125, 0.41015625, -0.734375, -1.6484375, -0.95703125, 1.1875, 2.5, -0.67578125, 0.7578125, -1.921875, 1.140625, -0.061767578125, -0.328125, 2.109375, -1.0859375, -0.86328125, 0.5546875, -0.421875, -0.1005859375, -0.380859375, 0.80078125, -0.69921875, -1.3125, 0.57421875, -1.1171875, 0.6953125, 0.17578125, -1.2890625, 0.1044921875, 0.4296875, 1.4453125, 1.96875, -0.7109375, 0.57421875, 1.1953125, 1.828125, 0.609375, -0.64453125, -2.234375, -0.234375, 0.126953125, 0.09521484375, -0.94921875, -0.8359375, -0.40625, -0.96484375, 0.68359375, 0.77734375, -0.05712890625, -0.271484375, -0.1083984375, -0.44921875, 0.72265625, 1.4453125, -0.74609375, 1.8046875, -0.0302734375, 0.96875, -0.8828125, -0.0260009765625, -0.51953125, 1.2265625, -1.984375, -1.3359375, 0.28125, 2.078125, 1.515625, 0.494140625, -0.71875, 0.50390625, -0.953125, 0.43359375, -1.609375, 0.70703125, 1.203125, 1.2578125, 0.150390625, -0.671875, 0.96875, -0.0162353515625, -0.1044921875, 1.09375, -1.0234375, 2.28125, 0.6328125, 0.11962890625, -0.9140625, -2.40625, -0.87890625, 0.9375, -0.640625, 0.453125, 0.169921875, 0.0498046875, -3.296875, 0.70703125, 1.2421875, 1.7734375, -2.15625, -1.640625, -0.84765625, 1.65625, 0.515625, -0.0830078125, 1.109375, -0.60546875, -0.373046875, -1.5078125, -1.6328125, 0.79296875, 1.4375, -0.79296875, 2.015625, 0.24609375, 0.4609375, 0.146484375, 0.8203125, -0.875, 0.56640625, 0.63671875, -0.578125, -0.66796875, -0.103515625, 1.015625, 0.11083984375, -1.140625, 0.00408935546875, 0.2734375, -0.81640625, 0.609375, 0.24609375, 0.453125, 0.12255859375, 2.015625, 0.208984375, 0.90234375, -0.11083984375, 0.392578125, -0.458984375, -0.020263671875, -1.59375, 1.0546875, -0.5078125, -0.06591796875, -0.78515625, -0.0067138671875, -0.1630859375, -1.2734375, 0.89453125, 0.85546875, -0.349609375, 1.25, -1.015625, -0.54296875, 0.04150390625, -0.2041015625, 0.298828125, 0.059326171875, -0.87890625, 1.921875, 2.171875, 1.4375, -1.296875, -1.1953125, -0.2265625, -1.5703125, 1.015625, 0.458984375, -0.2001953125, -0.2734375, -0.03515625, 0.8125, 2.9375, -0.52734375, 1.7109375, -1.1171875, -0.06591796875, 0.62109375, 0.625, 1.0625, -0.6171875, 0.138671875, -0.0712890625, 1.7265625, 0.07177734375, -0.2421875, 0.81640625, 0.006866455078125, 0.1787109375, 0.07177734375, -0.16015625, 0.609375, 0.26171875, 0.2158203125, -0.291015625, 0.4453125, -0.94140625, 0.1435546875, -0.7109375, -0.98046875, -0.93359375, -0.59765625, 2.015625, -1.6796875, -0.50390625, -0.51171875, -0.423828125, -0.1376953125, 0.0205078125, 1.671875, 0.43359375, 0.205078125, 1.1640625, -0.486328125, 0.388671875, 0.12255859375, -0.283203125, -0.055908203125, 0.63671875, -0.0361328125, -0.361328125, -0.10888671875, -0.27734375, -0.31640625, 1.609375, 0.359375, 0.9765625, 0.83203125, -0.37109375, 0.28515625, -0.345703125, -0.2236328125, -0.69921875, -0.037841796875, 0.7421875, 0.7734375, -0.5390625, -0.78515625, 2.109375, 0.63671875, 1.6484375, 0.62890625, -1.890625, 0.52734375, 0.43359375, -0.050537109375, -0.71875, 1.5390625, -0.73828125, 0.0517578125, 2.953125, 0.73046875, -0.3046875, -0.74609375, -0.337890625, -0.49609375, -1.7421875, 1.4375, -0.259765625, 0.82421875, -0.87890625, 1.8515625, -0.0478515625, 2.4375, -1.234375, 1.3671875, 0.63671875, -1.2265625, -0.26953125, 0.48046875, 0.478515625, -0.43359375, -1.84375, -0.1611328125, -0.490234375, -0.44140625, 0.359375, -0.46875, -0.94140625, 0.58203125, 1.0703125, -0.9921875, -0.220703125, 0.1015625, 0.72265625, -0.5078125, 2.125, 0.330078125, -0.10791015625, -0.5859375, -0.51171875, -1.4765625, -0.041015625, 0.185546875, -0.87109375, 1.7109375, -0.1376953125, -0.55078125, -1.578125, 0.08154296875, 1.6875, 0.93359375, 0.73828125, 1.203125, 0.26171875, -0.2109375, 0.361328125, -0.24609375, -0.25390625, -0.416015625, -1.3046875, -0.6171875, -0.2236328125, 0.11572265625, -0.9921875, -0.0230712890625, 0.4609375, -0.42578125, 0.6953125, -1.1328125, 0.7578125, 0.2333984375, 0.443359375, 0.6640625, 0.376953125, 1.5859375, -0.22265625, 1.328125, 0.69921875, -0.41015625, 0.0576171875, 0.1376953125, -1.046875, -1.6171875, 0.00567626953125, 0.220703125, 0.283203125, 0.78515625, 0.373046875, 2.84375, 0.51953125, -0.4375, -0.77734375, -1.078125, 0.2216796875, -1.5, 0.46875, 0.365234375, 0.66015625, 1.3828125, 0.85546875, 0.232421875, -0.09326171875, -0.8515625, 0.376953125, 0.80859375, -1.0703125, -1.3828125, 1.6171875, 0.1201171875, 0.498046875, -0.416015625, 0.232421875, -1.4375, 0.302734375, 1.1015625, -0.625, 0.78125, -0.9609375, 0.341796875, -1.2890625, 0.53515625, 0.1416015625, -0.41796875, 0.046875, -1.0625, -0.7109375, -0.3671875, 0.451171875, -0.028076171875, -0.2353515625, 0.34765625, -0.03271484375, -0.6640625, 1.3203125, -1.40625, 0.8359375, -0.3359375, 0.236328125, -1.2421875, -0.94140625, 0.326171875, -1.046875, -1.0390625, -2.765625, 0.263671875, 1.265625, -1.265625, 0.640625, -1.0078125, -3.203125, 0.83984375, 0.11279296875, -0.2314453125, 1.6328125, 1.703125, 0.390625, 0.56640625, 0.63671875, 0.031494140625, 0.92578125, -0.66015625, -0.859375, -1.1328125, -1.7265625, 0.95703125, 0.10205078125, -1.90625, -0.88671875, 0.310546875, -0.7578125, 0.181640625, -1.203125, 0.07568359375, 0.7265625, -0.546875, -0.59375, 0.90234375, 1.09375, 2.015625, 0.93359375, -0.20703125, -0.5, -1.359375, -1.7890625, 0.365234375, 0.15625, -0.89453125, 0.65234375, -0.6015625, 2.09375, 0.578125, 0.5234375, 1.5546875, 0.384765625, 0.640625, 0.765625, 0.6875, -0.5546875, 1.4765625, 0.99609375, 0.111328125, -1.3828125, 0.060302734375, 0.10009765625, 0.6640625, -0.4609375, 0.9296875, 0.28515625, 1.2734375, 0.85546875, 0.47265625, -1.1640625, 0.0146484375, -0.453125, 1.6484375, -0.032470703125, -0.1318359375, -0.462890625, -0.06494140625, -0.30859375, -0.87890625, 0.60546875, -0.80078125, 0.5546875, 0.65234375, -0.4921875, 0.451171875, -0.91796875, -0.2373046875, 0.14453125, 1.0703125, 1.234375, -0.62890625, -0.466796875, 0.412109375, -1.6171875, -0.4375, 0.75, 0.59765625, -0.30859375, -0.9375, -1.4453125, -0.32421875, 0.19921875, 0.9140625, -0.265625, 0.1181640625, 0.419921875, 1.0703125, -0.294921875, -0.68359375, -0.1708984375, 0.60546875, 1.109375, -1.0625, -0.4765625, 0.83984375, 0.408203125, 1.2890625, 0.1083984375, 1.4609375, -1.1015625, -0.328125, 0.390625, 0.314453125, -0.90625, -0.279296875, 0.88671875, 0.1416015625, -2.3125, 0.0091552734375, 0.14453125, 0.07958984375, 0.8359375, -0.53125, 0.90234375, -1.359375, -0.25, -0.36328125, -1.1015625, 0.83984375, -1.0703125, 0.37890625, -0.087890625, -1.4296875, 0.39453125, 0.7109375, 1.671875, -0.443359375, 0.86328125, -0.8515625, -1.015625, 0.7890625, -0.78125, -0.6328125, -0.3125, -0.1103515625, -1.734375, -1.421875, -0.25, -1.390625, -0.462890625, 0.57421875, 1.390625, -0.6484375, -0.95703125, 0.30078125, -1.1953125, 1.296875, 1.15625, -0.54296875, 0.578125, 0.75, -0.81640625, -0.69140625, 0.03173828125, 0.34375, 0.443359375, 0.69921875, -0.09619140625, 1.046875, -1.3046875, 0.162109375, 0.515625, -0.2373046875, 0.83984375, -2.109375, 1.7890625, -0.0062255859375, -0.25390625, -0.55859375, -0.44140625, -0.435546875, 0.2255859375, 0.99609375, 0.5859375, -1.1328125, 2.203125, 0.71875, 3.4375, -1.2109375, -0.50390625, -1.6484375, 0.76171875, -0.63671875, -1.1640625, 0.8984375, 0.046875, -0.83984375, 0.458984375, 0.890625, 1.171875, 0.88671875, 0.94140625, 0.84375, -0.431640625, -0.7734375, -0.486328125, 1.5546875 ]
https://openalex.org/W1535964090
Screen Education: From Film Appreciation to Media Studies
1. 'Cinema under Scrutiny' - Page 11 - Terry Bolas 2. 'Film Appreciation' - Page 37 - Terry Bolas 3. 'Searching for Room at the Top' - Page 69 - Terry Bolas 4. 'Discrimination and Popular Culture' - Page 99 - Terry Bolas 5. 'Film in Education - The Back of Beyond' - Page 131 - Terry Bolas 6. 'The University in Old Compton Street' - Page 163 - Terry Bolas 7. 'The Felt Intervention of Screen' - Page 197 - Terry Bolas 8. 'Screen Saviours' - Page 227 - Terry Bolas 9. 'Seft Limited' - Page 259 - Terry Bolas 10. 'A Moral Panic Averted' - Page 293 - Terry Bolas 11. 'Comedia delves arbitrarily' - Page 319 - Terry Bolas 'Screen education: a timeline 1930-1993' - Page 357 - Terry Bolas 'Expansion of media studies - the statistics' - Page 371 - Terry Bolas
[ -0.10888671875, 0.48046875, 1.421875, -0.2177734375, 0.326171875, -0.9296875, -1.359375, 0.57421875, 1.25, -0.00860595703125, -0.04931640625, 2.265625, 2.125, 0.287109375, 0.6015625, 0.5390625, -0.9140625, -1.03125, -2.171875, 0.25390625, -1.15625, -1, -1.6953125, 1.84375, 1.890625, 0.484375, -1.28125, -0.44921875, 1.453125, 0.06640625, 2.28125, -0.006072998046875, -3.296875, 0.0869140625, 1.1015625, 0.421875, -0.69921875, 2.046875, -0.79296875, -0.294921875, 1.9609375, -0.3203125, 0.119140625, -0.70703125, -0.390625, 0.1875, -0.302734375, 0.6796875, -1.03125, -0.1181640625, -0.271484375, 0.56640625, -0.1806640625, 0.498046875, 0.953125, 1.1796875, -0.3359375, -0.80859375, 0.26953125, 0.7421875, 0.12890625, -0.5546875, 0.87890625, -0.75, 1.125, 1.3125, 0.0291748046875, -0.828125, 1.546875, -0.35546875, 0.2060546875, 0.7265625, 0.08984375, -1.234375, 0.6171875, 0.271484375, 1.40625, 0.298828125, 0.041259765625, 0.80078125, 1.40625, -1.625, 0.08740234375, -1.46875, 0.2216796875, 0.93359375, -0.890625, 1.5, -0.78515625, -0.33984375, 0.2451171875, 1.515625, 0.029052734375, 0.1376953125, 1.1328125, -0.65625, -0.60546875, -0.255859375, -0.330078125, 1.359375, 0.91796875, -0.75, -0.2578125, 0.19921875, 1.0703125, 1.5859375, -0.2734375, -0.32421875, -1.015625, -2.078125, -0.8828125, -0.3671875, 0.76953125, 1.953125, 0.92578125, 1.25, -0.08251953125, 0.81640625, 0.494140625, -0.1396484375, -0.203125, -1.640625, 0.58984375, 0.78515625, 1.6796875, 0.48046875, -1.078125, -1.015625, -1.078125, -0.330078125, 0.640625, 2.25, -0.01513671875, 0.185546875, 1.1953125, -0.181640625, -0.357421875, 0.380859375, 0.291015625, -0.15234375, -0.3046875, 1.828125, -0.10498046875, -0.396484375, -0.439453125, -0.91796875, 1.171875, 1.0625, -0.40625, -0.0242919921875, -0.55078125, -0.000919342041015625, -0.6328125, 1.0546875, -0.041259765625, -0.16015625, 0.37109375, 2.609375, 0.72265625, 0.193359375, 0.1494140625, 0.0078125, -0.1591796875, 0.98828125, 0.67578125, -0.65625, -0.6640625, 0.29296875, 2.03125, 0.65234375, 0.064453125, 0.52734375, -0.64453125, 0.375, 0.625, -0.76171875, -0.33203125, 1.75, 0.13671875, -0.93359375, 1.0546875, 2.21875, 0.244140625, 0.50390625, 0.462890625, 0.166015625, -0.33984375, -1.5859375, 0.078125, 1.1875, -0.76953125, -0.1962890625, -2.140625, 1.40625, 2.03125, -0.058349609375, -0.89453125, 2.25, 0.171875, -0.458984375, -0.77734375, -0.447265625, 0.78515625, -0.66015625, 1.125, -1.453125, 0.80859375, 0.08056640625, 0.23828125, 1.21875, -0.255859375, 0.2119140625, 0.1708984375, 0.91796875, -0.365234375, -0.3125, -1.1796875, -0.24609375, -0.8046875, -0.84765625, 0.322265625, 0.73828125, 0.6640625, -0.94140625, -0.384765625, -1.9609375, 1.0390625, 0.32421875, 0.98046875, -0.040283203125, 1.1171875, 0.61328125, -0.625, 0.0023040771484375, -0.72265625, 0.58203125, -1.125, 2, 1.25, 0.162109375, 0.326171875, -1.265625, 0.1396484375, 1.28125, 2.203125, 0.423828125, 0.30859375, 0.1318359375, -0.2080078125, 0.859375, 0.412109375, -0.2255859375, -0.9453125, 0.271484375, -1.2421875, -0.29296875, -1.1015625, 1.40625, 0.99609375, 0.37890625, -1.5, 0.875, 1.2421875, -0.49609375, 0.6484375, -2.25, -1.1875, 1.390625, -0.875, -0.3046875, 0.04443359375, -1.96875, -1.4140625, 1.015625, 0.490234375, 0.357421875, -0.055908203125, 1.6953125, -0.55859375, -1.421875, -0.349609375, 0.185546875, -1.5234375, 0.70703125, -0.09521484375, -1.3359375, 1.0546875, 0.314453125, -1.9765625, -0.48828125, 0.875, -1.3359375, -0.6875, 0.8828125, 0.08544921875, -1.6796875, -1.9375, 2.828125, -0.57421875, 0.81640625, 0.7109375, 1.09375, -0.796875, -1.2578125, 1.703125, 0.380859375, -1.625, -0.453125, 0.2431640625, 0.3671875, -1.6015625, -0.4609375, -0.984375, 0.400390625, 0.66796875, 0.455078125, -2.265625, -1.484375, 0.390625, 0.71875, 0.8125, 0.8203125, 0.97265625, 0.0189208984375, 1.125, -0.02392578125, -1, -1.1015625, -1.9609375, -0.25, -1.5625, 0.427734375, 0.2109375, -1.15625, 0.66796875, 1.2265625, 1.0234375, 0.1328125, 1.2890625, -0.5703125, 1.265625, -0.8046875, -1.8125, -1.9140625, 0.2890625, -0.306640625, -0.30859375, 0.04052734375, 1.6796875, -0.87109375, -0.5703125, -0.73046875, 0.049560546875, -0.671875, -0.7890625, 1.9453125, 1.1171875, -0.7890625, -0.65625, 0.17578125, -0.671875, 1.3125, 0.1298828125, 2.28125, 0.546875, 1.0703125, -0.55078125, 0.1728515625, -0.228515625, -0.78125, 1.5234375, 0.421875, 0.19921875, 1.0625, -0.46875, 0.26171875, -3.28125, -0.267578125, 0.9609375, 1.3125, -2.203125, 0.328125, -0.259765625, 1.421875, 0.68359375, 1.2265625, -0.8828125, -0.275390625, -0.21875, 1.0703125, -0.045166015625, -0.1337890625, -2.671875, -0.36328125, 0.46875, 0.65234375, -0.45703125, -0.296875, -0.328125, -2.65625, 0.51171875, -0.1533203125, 1.0625, -1.6953125, 0.388671875, 0.80859375, -2.421875, 0.1865234375, -0.310546875, -0.59765625, 0.01153564453125, -1.671875, -0.1669921875, 0.265625, 0.23828125, 2.125, 1.2734375, 0.166015625, -2.859375, -0.46875, -0.1015625, 0.859375, 1.8515625, -1.21875, 0.06884765625, -1.6953125, 0.99609375, 2.359375, -1, 0.302734375, 0.123046875, -0.55859375, 0.76953125, -0.63671875, -0.451171875, -0.4609375, 0.94921875, 0.3984375, 0.45703125, 0.6796875, 0.84375, -0.00262451171875, 0.7890625, 0.87890625, 0.48828125, 1.078125, -0.466796875, 0.421875, 1.1875, 1.7265625, -0.6171875, -1.640625, -0.53125, -0.62109375, 0.058349609375, 1.46875, -0.345703125, 0.79296875, -1.2265625, 1.0078125, -0.061279296875, 1.1875, -0.1865234375, -0.98828125, 1.359375, -0.08935546875, 0.11279296875, -0.8515625, -0.68359375, 0.6875, 1.140625, 0.6328125, -1.5078125, -2.109375, 0.4921875, 0.7578125, -0.1865234375, 0.83203125, 0.10302734375, 0.447265625, 0.46875, -0.04052734375, -1.7890625, 0.33984375, -1.3515625, 0.08154296875, -0.51953125, 0.62109375, -0.1181640625, -0.12255859375, -0.287109375, -0.267578125, -0.2373046875, 1.3984375, 0.95703125, 0.037109375, 0.52734375, 1.3203125, 0.640625, 0.4921875, -1.3828125, -0.30078125, -2.453125, 0.48046875, 0.6328125, 1.0546875, -0.08056640625, 0.02099609375, -0.25390625, 1.2265625, 2.203125, 0.9609375, -1.1640625, 0.9921875, 0.82421875, 0.263671875, -0.10205078125, 0.71484375, 1.5234375, -0.03857421875, -0.32421875, 0.01611328125, 0.1328125, 0.23046875, -0.1376953125, 0.6328125, 1.1484375, 0.8671875, -0.82421875, -0.9375, -0.318359375, -1.109375, 0.04833984375, -0.4296875, 0.0228271484375, 1.265625, 0.328125, -0.15234375, 1.6796875, -0.06689453125, -0.51171875, 0.17578125, -0.369140625, -0.5078125, 2.234375, -0.2470703125, -0.234375, 1.2265625, -1.0703125, -0.65625, -0.12255859375, 0.30078125, -0.251953125, -1.0078125, -0.298828125, 0.50390625, 0.60546875, 1.4296875, 0.1728515625, -0.8125, -0.25390625, -1.8046875, 1.2265625, 0.41796875, 2.375, -0.5703125, -0.234375, -0.59375, -0.034912109375, 0.1015625, -0.6953125, 0.138671875, 0.11962890625, 0.67578125, 1.265625, -0.7734375, -1.0234375, -0.65234375, -1.21875, -0.59375, 0.06494140625, 0.8125, -1.78125, 1.296875, 0.87890625, 0.486328125, 0.64453125, 1.2890625, 0.8984375, -0.4453125, -1.671875, -1.6328125, 1.203125, -0.412109375, -0.28125, 1.921875, 0.251953125, 1.828125, -0.22265625, 0.6015625, -0.43359375, 1, 1.1015625, 0.169921875, -1.109375, 0.89453125, -1.5234375, -0.93359375, 0.66015625, 0.625, -0.2001953125, -0.15234375, -0.365234375, 0.306640625, -0.1767578125, -0.94140625, 0.003875732421875, -2.078125, 0.1630859375, -0.2578125, -0.6328125, -0.11181640625, -0.0810546875, 1.7265625, -0.29296875, -0.333984375, -0.046875, -0.8125, 0.5390625, 0.68359375, 0.11328125, 0.4453125, 0.67578125, -1.671875, 0.373046875, -1.3984375, -1.34375, -0.73046875, 0.94140625, -0.625, 1.03125, 0.7890625, -0.166015625, 0.61328125, 1.984375, -1.109375, 0.166015625, 0.49609375, 0.80859375, 1.296875, -1.046875, 1.7890625, 0.63671875, 0.051513671875, -0.8828125, -0.99609375, -0.255859375, -0.58203125, 0.53515625, -0.404296875, -0.8359375, -1.4765625, 0.4609375, 0.7109375, -0.36328125, 2.40625, -2.125, -1.71875, -0.5234375, 1.265625, 0.84765625, -2.140625, 1.5625, 0.7578125, -1.3203125, 0.8125, -0.169921875, 2.28125, 0.09228515625, 0.859375, 0.375, -0.82421875, -0.84765625, -1.1640625, -0.349609375, -0.95703125, 1.2421875, 0.76953125, 1.1015625, 0.4765625, -0.275390625, 1.0859375, 0.328125, 0.478515625, 0.54296875, 2.46875, -0.37890625, 1.8828125, 0.435546875, -0.890625, -1.1640625, 0.1611328125, -0.03515625, 1.96875, 0.2177734375, -0.0947265625, 0.345703125, 1.0234375, 1.1484375, -0.828125, -0.20703125, 0.47265625, -1.328125, 0.83984375, 1.1015625, 0.310546875, 0.0908203125, -1.265625, -1.203125, 0.240234375, 1.1796875, 0.8828125, 1.0234375, -0.2578125, -1.1015625, 0.8203125, 0.498046875, 0.71484375, -1.4921875, 0.07763671875, -1.8046875, -0.80859375, 0.9375, -0.640625, 0.5546875, 0.67578125, 0.8515625, 0.62890625, 0.98828125, 1.1875, 0.64453125, 0.50390625, -0.2236328125, -0.73046875, 1.03125, -2.15625, 1.5625, -1.7421875, 0.375, -0.0859375, 0.470703125, -0.109375, -1.1015625, 1.6328125, 0.208984375, 0.671875, -1.4296875, -0.06640625, -0.21875, -1.3984375, -0.451171875, -1.0390625, -0.91015625, -2.453125, -0.1669921875, 0.291015625, 0.058349609375, -2.21875, -1.96875, 0.24609375, -0.365234375, -1.171875, 1.609375, 0.265625, 0.039306640625, 2, -0.64453125, -0.01904296875, 0.0020904541015625, 0.76171875, -1.546875, -0.361328125, -0.75390625, 0.3515625, -1.0703125, 0.18359375, 2, -0.376953125, -1.1875, -0.78125, -0.453125, -0.9609375, -0.49609375, 0.330078125, 1.2265625, 1.296875, 2.109375, 0.7734375, -0.09423828125, 1.7734375, 2.171875, 0.05419921875, -0.7734375, -1.1875, -1.4765625, 0.28515625, 2.5625, 0.82421875, -1.1640625, 1.203125, -0.12158203125, -0.298828125, 3.21875, -0.47265625, 0.349609375, 0.796875, -1.109375, 0.80078125, 0.73046875, 1.078125, -0.1025390625, -0.37109375, -1.5546875, -0.1376953125, -1.15625, -2.015625, -0.40234375, -0.6640625, -0.2255859375, 0.6953125, -0.88671875, -0.51171875, -0.40625, 0.1318359375, 1.5625, -0.53515625, -0.451171875, 1.0078125, 0.51953125, 1.7890625, -0.09814453125, 1.25, 0.765625, 0.80859375, -1.109375, -1.5703125, -1.1171875, 1.421875, -0.4296875, -1.4375, 0.423828125, -0.5078125, -0.50390625, -1.40625, -0.05029296875, -0.341796875, 1.0078125, -0.01416015625, 1.265625, -0.400390625, 2.453125, 1.4296875, 0.9140625, 1.796875, -0.228515625, 0.92578125, 0.625, -0.7734375, -2.15625, -0.43359375, -1.625, 0.78515625, -1.6171875, 1.984375, 0.1875, -1.65625, -1.5625, -1.0859375, 0.53125, 3.34375, -0.9296875, 0.0250244140625, 0.7109375, -0.40625, -1.2109375, -0.443359375, 0.61328125, -0.10400390625, -1.265625, -0.12890625, 0.28515625, 0.953125, -0.435546875, -0.88671875, -1.140625, -0.11865234375, 0.79296875, -1.265625, -0.2353515625, 0.86328125, -1.015625, -0.29296875, 0.671875, 2.578125, 0.357421875, 1.5859375, -0.94921875, 0.6640625, 0.93359375, 0.28125, -1.015625, 0.390625, -0.62109375, 0.439453125, -0.486328125, -1.2421875, 1.578125, 0.9140625, 0.470703125, -1.8515625, 0.068359375, 0.00872802734375, -1.640625, 0.0306396484375, -1.4921875, 0.6953125, -1.265625, 0.65234375, -0.56640625, -0.017822265625, 0.2255859375, 0.36328125, -0.0966796875, 0.1708984375, -0.96875, -1.6171875, -0.2451171875, -0.2734375, 1.3125, 0.625, -1.09375, -0.59375, 0.431640625, 1.4921875, -0.6796875, 1.1796875, 0.19921875, -0.2353515625, 0.17578125, -0.78125, 0.921875, -0.00958251953125, 1.328125, -0.640625, 1.1796875, -1.4140625, 1.1015625, 0.07958984375, 0.03662109375, 0.2890625, -0.369140625, -0.490234375, -1.59375, 0.625, -0.054931640625, -0.96484375, -0.248046875, -0.078125, -1.0234375, 0.33984375, -1.484375, -0.1552734375, 0.3828125, 0.5625, 0.35546875, 0.7578125, -0.8984375, -1.7109375, 0.265625, 1.65625, -0.0673828125, 0.94140625, 0.984375, 0.036865234375, 1.6640625, -0.078125, -0.4921875, -0.51953125, -0.04345703125, 0.08447265625, 1.03125, -0.82421875, -1.4921875, -2.03125, -0.037109375, -0.021240234375, -0.953125, -0.6953125, -1.3671875, -0.44140625, -0.7421875, -1.796875, 1.8671875, 1.3828125, 1.8203125, 0.0439453125, 0.52734375, -1.1484375, -0.3046875, -0.3671875, 0.6796875, 0.94921875, 0.11767578125, 0.003082275390625, 0.322265625, 0.29296875, 1.3203125, 0.55078125, -0.220703125, 1.65625, -0.828125, 1.1953125, -0.70703125, 2.53125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1536086042
OSA proceedings on picosecond electronics and optoelectronics
This book presents an introduction to optical communications. Systems considerations of this important application of optoelectronics are used to provide the motivation for many of the papers that follow. The authors are also concerned with another optoelectronic application, the measurement of phenomena that take place on a picosecond time scale. Short optical or electrical pulses are used to sample the parameter of interest, usually electric fields, in electronic or optoelectronic devices and circuits. Several methods of sampling are described, as are improvements to components that make up these systems. The authors address the electronic and optoelectronic components that lay the foundation for the systems considered above. Diode laser chirping, picosecond optical pulse amplifiers, a spread-spectrum approach to modulation, and two novel methods of picosecond pulse synthesis are discussed. Papers on tunneling and resonant tunneling are presented. Devices based on these effects have promise in high-speed electronics. Several papers investigate the speed of electron tunneling between two reservoirs and the effect of speed on device performance. Resonant-tunneling diode switches are also considered. This book also covers transistors as well as studies of carrier transport on the picosecond time scale. Excellent results for silicon FETs are given, demonstrating the great flexibility ofmore » that established technology.« less
[ -0.93359375, -0.177734375, 2.21875, -0.46875, 0.4765625, -1.546875, -0.94140625, 1.5390625, -0.234375, -1.03125, 0.408203125, 1.21875, 1.3203125, -0.87890625, 1.515625, 0.6328125, -0.34765625, -1.2734375, -0.416015625, 0.29296875, -0.734375, -0.326171875, -0.490234375, 1.1328125, -0.036865234375, -0.060546875, 0.5625, -0.6796875, 1.4921875, 1.203125, -0.3125, 2.078125, -1.1640625, -0.330078125, -0.41015625, 0.240234375, 1.75, -0.435546875, 0.10302734375, -0.54296875, 0.734375, -1.1015625, 0.48828125, 0.34375, 0.671875, 0.419921875, -0.05859375, 0.435546875, -0.66015625, -0.11572265625, 1.5390625, 0.68359375, 2.453125, -0.96875, -1.3984375, 1.3828125, -0.326171875, -0.26171875, 0.1796875, 0.11865234375, 0.177734375, -1.0546875, 1.421875, 0.4140625, -0.25390625, -0.7265625, 0.2578125, 1.3984375, 0.13671875, -0.59375, 2.90625, 0.2158203125, -1.1171875, -0.2890625, -0.0439453125, 0.953125, 0.640625, 1.5078125, 0.73046875, 1.3046875, -0.78515625, -0.451171875, -0.69140625, -0.478515625, -1.1875, 1.1953125, -1.0390625, 1.78125, -1.53125, -0.93359375, 0.326171875, 1.4375, -0.328125, -0.365234375, -0.34375, 0.2734375, -0.18359375, -0.98828125, -0.333984375, 1.4921875, -0.1845703125, -1.109375, -0.2421875, -1.625, -0.09912109375, 1.8671875, 0.109375, -0.0263671875, -1.84375, -0.55859375, -0.76171875, 0.404296875, 0.283203125, 0.45703125, 0.9375, 0.3203125, -0.87890625, 0.09765625, -0.66015625, -1.6171875, 0.2236328125, -1.4140625, 0.90625, 0.62109375, 1.2109375, 0.57421875, -0.95703125, -0.98046875, 1.03125, -2.5, -0.0380859375, 0.55078125, -0.359375, -0.345703125, 1.1328125, 0.44921875, 0.34375, 1.4921875, 1.1640625, -1.1328125, 1.2578125, 0.296875, -0.061279296875, -1.5625, -1.375, 0.7421875, 0.53515625, 0.119140625, -0.66796875, 1.515625, -0.36328125, 0.359375, -1.2421875, 0.8828125, 0.55078125, -1.734375, 0.326171875, 4.53125, -0.6953125, -0.30859375, -0.46875, 0.058837890625, 1.5859375, -0.11083984375, 0.08935546875, -0.031494140625, -0.68359375, -0.10986328125, 1.3046875, 0.84765625, 0.51953125, 1.6015625, 0.75, -1.3671875, 1.328125, -0.71875, -0.80078125, 1.3984375, 2.234375, -0.298828125, -0.09912109375, 2.703125, 0.2353515625, -0.43359375, -0.083984375, 1.4765625, -1.296875, 0.052490234375, 0.8125, 1.6171875, -0.00445556640625, -2.453125, -0.36328125, 1.34375, 1.90625, 0.9765625, -0.5234375, 0.91796875, -0.3515625, -0.310546875, -2.03125, -0.18359375, -0.6171875, 0.8359375, 0.1103515625, -0.87890625, 0.0211181640625, -0.099609375, -0.06689453125, 1.359375, -0.53515625, -1.28125, 0.056640625, -0.466796875, -0.439453125, -1.21875, -0.5546875, 0.76171875, 0.2890625, -1.03125, -0.41015625, 1.3984375, -0.58203125, 0.60546875, -0.14453125, -0.9453125, -0.396484375, 0.5546875, -0.98828125, -0.01129150390625, -0.05029296875, 1.0546875, -0.8359375, -0.408203125, -0.9140625, 0.53515625, 0.2734375, -0.031494140625, 2.90625, 0.4765625, 0.3125, 0.8125, -1.1171875, 0.94140625, 1.390625, 0.97265625, 0.76953125, 0.83203125, -0.8828125, 0.07666015625, 2.4375, -1.9375, -0.6015625, -0.373046875, -0.28125, -0.0927734375, -1.078125, -0.490234375, 1.015625, -0.51171875, -0.609375, 1.4453125, -1.3203125, -1.0390625, -0.4140625, -1.078125, -1.0078125, -0.09228515625, -0.328125, -0.453125, -0.3046875, -0.52734375, -1.8671875, -1.640625, -1.546875, 1.890625, 1.203125, -0.66015625, -0.80859375, 1.0546875, -0.80078125, 0.45703125, 0.1337890625, -0.25390625, -0.6640625, 1.4140625, 1.0234375, 0.244140625, -0.09814453125, -0.0186767578125, -0.2314453125, -0.6171875, -0.80078125, -0.84375, -0.029052734375, -0.94140625, 0.58203125, 2.046875, 0.5234375, 0.921875, 0.359375, 1.359375, 0.0185546875, 0.17578125, 0.25, -1.625, -1.734375, -0.09716796875, 0.8671875, 1.5078125, -0.59765625, -0.3984375, -1.453125, 0.302734375, 1.0546875, -0.11572265625, -1.4375, -0.54296875, -0.40625, 0.640625, -0.390625, 1.8671875, -0.78515625, 0.3515625, -0.55078125, 0.0732421875, -1.625, -0.83203125, -1.171875, 0.1318359375, -0.16796875, -0.0849609375, 1.015625, -0.04345703125, 0.443359375, 1.1015625, -0.17578125, 0.259765625, 1.2265625, 1.2734375, 0.197265625, -0.60546875, -0.27734375, -0.1484375, -0.423828125, -0.51953125, -0.640625, -0.35546875, 0.7734375, -1.2265625, 0.33203125, 0.84375, 1.65625, -0.271484375, -1.65625, 0.19140625, 1.21875, -1.8203125, 0.078125, -0.470703125, -1.4765625, -0.640625, -0.369140625, 0.0030059814453125, 0.408203125, 1.09375, -0.1708984375, -0.341796875, -0.65625, -0.25, 1.2578125, -1.15625, -1.8203125, 0.54296875, 0.8828125, 1.296875, -2.1875, -3, 0.2236328125, 0.94921875, -2.328125, -0.1650390625, -0.4140625, 0.79296875, 0.2333984375, 0.1171875, -0.419921875, -1.0703125, -0.76953125, 1.203125, 0.0169677734375, 0.1162109375, -1.5234375, 0.59375, -1.7109375, -0.78125, 0.12353515625, 2.03125, -0.333984375, -1.0546875, 0.447265625, 0.208984375, 2.328125, -0.77734375, -0.7421875, -0.0595703125, -1.0390625, -1.8203125, -0.6171875, -0.93359375, -0.10107421875, -1.21875, -0.6640625, -1.125, 0.80859375, 0.0810546875, -0.041748046875, -0.24609375, 0.462890625, -2.359375, 0.380859375, 0.1865234375, -0.0220947265625, 0.9296875, -0.53125, -0.171875, 0.87890625, 0.4296875, -0.70703125, -1.0078125, -1.3125, 1.5625, 0.2421875, -0.390625, 0.5, -1.796875, -0.27734375, 0.28125, -1.15625, 1.28125, 0.140625, -0.96875, 2.125, 0.6328125, 1.7890625, 1.5859375, 0.73046875, -1.2578125, -0.26953125, 0.054443359375, -0.390625, -1.359375, -1.890625, -0.66796875, -0.09228515625, 1.953125, -0.35546875, -0.94921875, -0.29296875, -0.271484375, -1.3515625, 0.5546875, -1.421875, 0.380859375, -1, -1.140625, -0.451171875, 0.2890625, -1, 1.3515625, 0.89453125, -0.80859375, 0.400390625, -0.76953125, -0.88671875, 0.66015625, -0.3671875, 0.2451171875, 0.60546875, -0.031494140625, 1.1953125, -1.078125, -0.306640625, -0.208984375, 0.369140625, -0.154296875, -0.55859375, -1.4140625, -0.08837890625, -0.287109375, 1.15625, 1.21875, -1.265625, -0.02197265625, 1.4296875, -0.671875, -0.10986328125, 0.310546875, 1.078125, -0.047607421875, -2.40625, -1.1484375, -1.3515625, 1.25, -0.0203857421875, 1.296875, -1.2265625, -0.60546875, -1.46875, 0.04541015625, 0.0301513671875, 1.6875, -0.9609375, -0.35546875, 0.921875, 0.421875, 0.97265625, 0.55859375, 0.40625, -0.8046875, 0.34375, -1.625, -0.09228515625, -0.734375, 0.48828125, 1.1875, 1.9140625, 1.4296875, -0.515625, -0.1416015625, -0.171875, 1.765625, 0.265625, 0.8984375, -0.091796875, -0.671875, 0.79296875, -0.384765625, 1.7734375, 0.55859375, -1.234375, 0.97265625, 0.6796875, -0.5546875, 0.63671875, -0.26953125, 0.119140625, 0.328125, -0.2041015625, 1.0703125, -1.359375, 1.046875, -0.9765625, -0.6796875, -0.373046875, 1.4609375, -0.6015625, -0.07763671875, 0.50390625, -1.3203125, 0.0947265625, -2.640625, 0.328125, 1.4453125, -0.43359375, 0.86328125, 0.039306640625, -0.54296875, -0.220703125, -0.2490234375, -0.462890625, 0.39453125, -0.69921875, 1.03125, 0.90625, 0.6796875, -0.08837890625, -0.80078125, -1.2578125, -0.2734375, 1.5625, 0.50390625, -1.84375, 1.59375, 0.076171875, 0.2353515625, 1.5390625, 1.4609375, 0.345703125, -0.23046875, -1.4296875, -1.171875, 1.1640625, 0.431640625, 0.96875, 0.77734375, -0.126953125, 1.8671875, -0.828125, 1.1875, 0.1982421875, 0.95703125, 0.6640625, -0.41796875, 0.53515625, 1.265625, -0.416015625, -1.59375, 1.3828125, 0.5859375, -0.48828125, 1.390625, -1.6953125, 0.2353515625, 1.1015625, -0.002899169921875, 1.046875, -0.9609375, -2.1875, -0.7578125, -0.02880859375, -0.0751953125, 0.7890625, 0.96484375, -0.216796875, -2, -0.0537109375, -2.453125, -0.099609375, 1.265625, -3.34375, 0.875, -0.6640625, -1.9375, -0.33203125, -1.0234375, -0.1982421875, 1.1796875, 0.65234375, -0.32421875, 2.21875, 0.703125, 0.95703125, -0.62109375, 0.72265625, 0.470703125, 0.64453125, 0.6953125, 0.1728515625, 1.875, -0.0150146484375, 0.796875, -0.130859375, -0.78515625, 0.625, 0.8984375, -0.671875, 0.7421875, -0.419921875, -0.154296875, 1.0625, 1.734375, 0.828125, -0.23046875, -0.19140625, 0.058837890625, -0.54296875, 0.4140625, 0.10546875, 0.62109375, 0.498046875, -0.7734375, 0.2265625, 2.1875, 0.57421875, 1.046875, -0.515625, -0.671875, 0.734375, 0.984375, 0.16015625, 0.68359375, -0.92578125, 0.10693359375, 1.9140625, -0.796875, -0.55859375, -1.265625, 0.2470703125, -0.859375, 0.44140625, 1.4921875, 0.51171875, 1.140625, 0.126953125, -1.09375, 1.625, -0.1943359375, 0.0859375, -1.484375, -0.0693359375, -0.7109375, -0.20703125, -0.1884765625, -0.65625, 0.0011749267578125, -1.3671875, 1.9140625, -1.2265625, 0.4296875, -0.2421875, -0.86328125, 0.07421875, 0.369140625, 1.3046875, 1.2734375, 0.83984375, 0.036865234375, 0.2333984375, 0.2421875, -0.388671875, 0.3046875, 1.59375, -0.79296875, 0.9140625, -1.3515625, -0.298828125, -0.1748046875, 0.1484375, 1.0390625, 0.2197265625, -2, 0.2080078125, 0.04541015625, -0.1337890625, -0.458984375, 0.2392578125, 0.1474609375, 0.21484375, 0.224609375, -0.1015625, 0.78125, 1.1953125, 0.1474609375, 0.451171875, -0.0810546875, 0.244140625, -0.466796875, -0.419921875, 0.4140625, 0.734375, 1.140625, -0.06689453125, 1.953125, -0.71875, -0.3359375, -1.4453125, -1.2890625, 0.2021484375, -1.7734375, 1.1484375, -1.359375, -0.019287109375, 0.412109375, 0.4921875, -0.1298828125, 0.5625, -1.125, -1.453125, -0.1728515625, 1.53125, -0.66796875, 0.306640625, -1.546875, 2.046875, -0.4609375, -0.52734375, 0.56640625, -0.11279296875, -1.2109375, -1.6484375, -1.109375, 0.240234375, -0.416015625, 0.1318359375, -0.1953125, 0.515625, -0.2275390625, -0.275390625, -0.09521484375, -1.5, 0.1962890625, -0.765625, -0.4765625, 0.7890625, -1.7265625, 0.88671875, 0.9453125, 0.515625, 0.27734375, 0.58203125, 0.47265625, 1.609375, -1.125, -0.038330078125, 0.9921875, -0.7421875, -0.016845703125, -0.84765625, -0.42578125, 1.6328125, -0.7890625, 1.75, 0.76171875, -0.671875, 0.380859375, 1.2734375, 1.3671875, 0.1767578125, 0.48046875, 0.05224609375, -0.408203125, -0.82421875, -0.408203125, -0.5390625, -0.83203125, 0.53125, 0.53125, -1.890625, 0.484375, -2.0625, -0.7890625, -1.2265625, -0.69140625, 0.6875, 1.5859375, -0.0634765625, 0.11669921875, 0.1865234375, 1.4609375, -0.58984375, -0.1650390625, 2.671875, 0.162109375, -1.0625, -1.578125, -1.2890625, -0.232421875, -0.62890625, -0.1982421875, 0.224609375, -0.99609375, -0.3125, -0.84765625, 0.7421875, -0.28125, -0.443359375, 0.80078125, 1.7734375, 0.061279296875, 0.265625, 0.36328125, -0.1669921875, 2.59375, -0.44921875, -0.8984375, -0.6953125, -0.7890625, -0.59375, -0.263671875, 1.484375, -0.76171875, -0.59765625, 1.7265625, 0.546875, -1.2265625, -1.5078125, -1.9921875, 0.049560546875, 2.359375, -2.4375, -0.296875, -1.9375, 0.1083984375, -1.21875, -0.046875, 0.73046875, -0.0166015625, 1.0234375, -0.4609375, 0.33984375, -0.34765625, -1.1015625, 0.06103515625, 1.2734375, 0.7109375, -0.33984375, -0.11962890625, -0.80078125, 1.8671875, 0.625, -0.380859375, 0.36328125, 0.458984375, -0.146484375, 0.05126953125, -2.859375, 0.625, 0.6875, -0.380859375, -0.2373046875, 1.34375, 0.66796875, 1.015625, -0.0198974609375, -1.03125, -0.04931640625, -1.3359375, 0.412109375, -0.9453125, 0.5546875, -0.146484375, -0.56640625, -0.5390625, -0.72265625, 1.4609375, -0.77734375, 0.21875, -0.0986328125, -1.4140625, -0.490234375, -0.0673828125, -0.19140625, -0.2490234375, -0.26953125, -1.078125, -0.3046875, 0.478515625, 1.2421875, -0.056884765625, 1.96875, 0.3828125, -0.3828125, -0.640625, -1.9140625, 1.2421875, 0.8359375, -0.984375, 0.396484375, -1.0859375, 0.384765625, 1.8671875, -0.051513671875, -0.53515625, -0.283203125, -0.30859375, 0.345703125, -1.171875, -0.1865234375, -0.1416015625, -1.109375, 1.3515625, -1.3203125, -0.08837890625, 0.326171875, -1.0234375, -1.0078125, 0.671875, 1.21875, 1.5078125, -0.703125, 1.1640625, -0.2412109375, 0.66015625, 0.79296875, 0.41015625, 0.8984375, 0.0206298828125, 0.2275390625, 0.28515625, 0.66796875, 1.0625, 0.55078125, 0.54296875, -0.2197265625, -0.0869140625, 0.423828125, -0.03369140625, 0.859375, -0.68359375, 1.0703125, -0.671875, 0.045166015625, 0.8984375, 0.26171875, -1.0390625, 0.1669921875, -0.34765625, 0.17578125, -0.1513671875, -0.1376953125, -1.1640625, 0.2099609375, 1.015625, 1.2578125, -0.7578125, 0.875, -0.859375, 0.5859375, 0.453125, 0.640625, 1.2265625, -0.5078125, 0.365234375, -0.486328125, -0.017578125, 1.609375, 0.6015625, -0.048828125, 2.09375, -1.3984375, -0.9375, 0.5703125, 1.828125 ]
https://openalex.org/W1536136875
Transcription factor-induced, phased bending of the E-selectin promoter.
E-selectin is an endothelial adhesion molecule that is critically involved in neutrophil adhesion and recruitment. All DNA elements required for interleukin-1 inducibility have been located in the proximal promoter: an NF-ELAM1/ATF site, two NF-kappa B sites (I and II), the NF-ELAM2 element and a TATA box. We show here that interleukin-1 induced promoter activity is exquisitely sensitive to the spatial arrangements of these elements. Phasing of the ATF and NF-kappa B II elements indicates that their relative helix orientation is more important than distance per se. This sensitivity is partly due to a requirement for correctly oriented, transcription factor-induced DNA-bending. (i) Band shift analyses with permuted ATF- and NF-kappa B elements show that their associated factors all bend DNA. (ii) One can functionally replace the NF-ELAM1/ATF element by a subset of a panel of DNA fragments that contain defined bends in various planes. We conclude that the main role of the factors binding at the NF-ELAM1/ATF element is to alter the conformation of the E-selectin promoter, presumably looping distant enhancer elements into each other's proximity.
[ 0.5625, 0.6953125, 1.140625, 0.291015625, -0.404296875, 0.0081787109375, -0.24609375, 0.45703125, 1, -0.3671875, -1.046875, 0.58203125, 2.109375, 0.302734375, 0.65625, 0.1259765625, 1.765625, -1.2265625, -1.078125, 0.3359375, -0.734375, 0.349609375, -0.63671875, -0.388671875, -1.2109375, 0.2080078125, -0.1953125, 0.18359375, -0.1728515625, 1.7421875, 1.0703125, 1.6015625, -1.53125, -0.76171875, 0.08984375, 0.78515625, -0.19140625, -0.515625, 0.78125, -0.01019287109375, -0.69140625, -1.359375, 0.82421875, -0.8671875, -2.15625, 0.921875, -0.66796875, -1.03125, -0.2314453125, -0.58203125, -0.451171875, -0.125, 1.828125, 0.2353515625, 0.796875, -0.62109375, -2.296875, 0.1953125, 0.65625, -1.71875, 0.75, 0.53515625, 0.90625, 1.828125, 0.2890625, 0.38671875, -0.50390625, -0.1572265625, 0.1533203125, -0.44140625, 0.73046875, -0.91015625, -0.10986328125, 0.2490234375, -0.296875, -0.96484375, 0.2060546875, 0.73828125, 0.7421875, 1.2265625, -0.95703125, 0.091796875, 0.1162109375, 0.055908203125, -1.2265625, 1.09375, 0.953125, 1.421875, 0.8203125, 0.98828125, -1.171875, 1.4375, -0.283203125, -0.0185546875, -0.8359375, 0.58203125, 0.94921875, 0.80078125, 0.12255859375, 1.296875, -0.58203125, -1.34375, -0.08203125, -0.796875, 0.890625, 1.1015625, -1.46875, -0.005462646484375, -0.90234375, 0.34375, -0.4609375, 0.8515625, -0.625, 0.5234375, -0.091796875, 0.6953125, -0.7734375, 0.9296875, -0.134765625, 0.6171875, -0.30078125, -0.49609375, 0.0478515625, -0.06640625, 1.1875, 1.2265625, 0.0830078125, 0.0225830078125, 0.28125, -0.69921875, 1.1015625, 0.423828125, 0.046875, -0.0673828125, 0.23046875, 0.37890625, 0.64453125, 0.1845703125, 1.53125, 0.322265625, 0.37109375, 0.154296875, -0.4375, -1.015625, 0.1552734375, -0.390625, 0.59375, 0.65234375, -1.421875, 1.2265625, -0.33984375, -0.042236328125, 0.76171875, 2.421875, -0.154296875, -0.275390625, -0.43359375, 2.484375, -0.34375, 0.88671875, -0.59375, -0.1669921875, 1.0625, -0.0703125, -0.57421875, -0.146484375, 0.07958984375, 0.6328125, 1.2421875, -1.3515625, -1.328125, -1.765625, -0.6171875, 0.46484375, 1.6953125, -1.65625, -0.609375, 1.265625, 0.70703125, -0.81640625, -0.287109375, 2.390625, -0.64453125, -0.83203125, 0.96875, 0.98828125, -1.109375, -0.0380859375, -1.5625, 1.1796875, -0.380859375, -1.46875, -1.359375, 0.64453125, -0.1748046875, 0.427734375, -0.1474609375, -0.12060546875, 0.087890625, -0.37890625, -0.765625, 1.0625, -0.4296875, -0.162109375, 0.400390625, -0.1953125, -0.671875, -0.130859375, 1.140625, 0.2431640625, -0.75390625, -0.94921875, 0.1298828125, 0.41015625, 0.03173828125, 0.93359375, 0.3046875, 2.296875, -0.5, -0.84375, 1.40625, 2.0625, -1.2890625, -0.267578125, 0.75, -1.2734375, -0.765625, 0.4140625, -0.546875, 0.34765625, 1.0859375, -1.9375, 0.62109375, -1.5703125, -1.6328125, 0.39453125, 0.53125, 0.384765625, 0.0810546875, -0.384765625, -0.3203125, 0.328125, 0.357421875, 1.703125, 0.004608154296875, -0.87109375, 0.51171875, 0.412109375, -0.154296875, 0.8203125, 0.162109375, 0.020263671875, -0.0634765625, -0.318359375, -0.953125, 0.0067138671875, -0.345703125, 0.447265625, 1.0859375, 0.2578125, 0.296875, 1.234375, 0.9609375, 0.4140625, 0.2734375, -1.53125, -0.82421875, 0.09619140625, -1.2890625, 0.458984375, 0.10400390625, -0.55078125, -1.4921875, -1.109375, -0.123046875, -0.052490234375, -0.045166015625, -0.024169921875, -0.41015625, -0.56640625, 0.291015625, -1.0859375, -0.2041015625, -0.87890625, 0.73828125, -0.32421875, 0.047607421875, 0.26171875, 0.73046875, 0.1962890625, -0.91796875, -2.078125, -0.8203125, 0.279296875, 0.5703125, -1.078125, 0.5390625, 1.3515625, 0.5546875, 0.64453125, 0.8203125, 1.3359375, -1.6171875, 0.1943359375, 1.2890625, -1.171875, 0.44921875, 0.8359375, 0.82421875, 0.34765625, 1.5859375, -0.56640625, -1.109375, 1.046875, 1.546875, -0.10888671875, 0.494140625, -1.9765625, -0.65234375, 1.7109375, -0.45703125, 0.08349609375, 1.28125, -0.515625, -0.318359375, -0.17578125, -0.1689453125, 0.490234375, -0.6640625, 1.671875, -0.58984375, -0.6640625, 1.3125, 0.28125, -0.6171875, 0.4453125, -0.296875, -1.3125, -0.69921875, 0.369140625, 0.83203125, 0.11572265625, -0.40234375, -1.3203125, 0.49609375, 1.03125, -0.458984375, -0.1396484375, 0.9140625, -1.8828125, 0.5546875, -0.33984375, -0.265625, -0.408203125, -2.515625, 1.109375, 0.158203125, -0.2041015625, -0.412109375, 0.4921875, 0.482421875, -0.7421875, 0.21875, 0.69140625, 0.166015625, 0.2353515625, -0.4453125, 0.2890625, -0.28515625, -0.7109375, -0.1689453125, 0.99609375, -0.95703125, 0.004638671875, 1.234375, 0.921875, -0.455078125, -1.0625, 0.251953125, 0.306640625, 0.07080078125, 0.451171875, 0.46484375, 0.5078125, -0.1962890625, 0.09423828125, -0.578125, -0.546875, 0.58203125, 0.259765625, 1.5625, -0.150390625, -1.6875, -0.62109375, 0.12890625, 0.609375, 1.1953125, 0.12060546875, -0.376953125, 0.37890625, 0.32421875, 1.0625, -0.4453125, -0.7734375, -1.2421875, -0.27734375, -1.6796875, 0.443359375, -0.0458984375, -0.0849609375, -1.03125, 0.90234375, -0.8515625, -0.09423828125, -0.0966796875, 0.439453125, 0.5703125, -0.95703125, -0.1513671875, 0.6875, 0.2314453125, -0.2890625, 0.73828125, -0.81640625, -1.1328125, 1.2578125, 0.34765625, 1.515625, -1.8984375, -0.94921875, -0.90625, 0.1796875, 0.376953125, 0.34375, -0.08642578125, 0.640625, 1.6171875, 0.59765625, -2.234375, -0.02685546875, 0.06884765625, -0.451171875, -0.84375, 0.515625, 0.4921875, 0.9453125, 0.353515625, 0.4296875, 1.390625, 0.56640625, -0.1767578125, -0.90234375, -2.015625, -1.3203125, -0.87890625, 0.9765625, -0.79296875, 0.67578125, 1.03125, -0.8828125, -0.09423828125, -0.359375, 0.15234375, 0.30859375, 0.1787109375, -0.484375, 0.06640625, 0.216796875, 0.416015625, 1.765625, 0.86328125, 0.0108642578125, 0.625, 0.75, -0.2373046875, -1.0703125, 0.30859375, -0.1884765625, 0.578125, 1.328125, 1.75, 0.2392578125, -0.1552734375, 1.5703125, 0.8203125, 0.98046875, -0.578125, 0.40625, -0.26953125, 0.6953125, 2.34375, -0.41796875, -0.9140625, -0.8671875, 0.169921875, -0.224609375, -0.12060546875, 0.67578125, -2.125, 1.1953125, -0.197265625, -3.28125, -1.3359375, 0.3828125, 0.232421875, -0.283203125, -0.0673828125, 0.041748046875, -2.046875, -0.640625, -0.060791015625, 1.7578125, -1.8984375, -1.2421875, -1.234375, 0.921875, 2.046875, 0.11767578125, 0.12255859375, -0.56640625, -0.76171875, -0.2890625, -0.65234375, 1.2734375, 0.984375, -0.357421875, 2.015625, -1.046875, 0.59765625, -0.81640625, -0.1357421875, 0.0234375, 0.478515625, 0.3203125, 0.54296875, -0.00994873046875, 0.94921875, 0.65234375, -0.162109375, -1.1171875, -0.984375, -0.0174560546875, 0.921875, 0.470703125, 1.71875, -0.703125, 0.59375, 1.2578125, 0.1279296875, -0.0634765625, -1.5390625, 0.369140625, -0.7734375, -0.66796875, -0.58984375, 0.61328125, -0.58203125, -0.1416015625, 0.65234375, -0.47265625, -0.0634765625, -1.859375, -0.8046875, 1.765625, 0.0225830078125, -0.2109375, -1.3203125, -0.423828125, 0.68359375, 0.267578125, 0.1796875, -0.66015625, 0.5234375, 0.72265625, 1.09375, -0.31640625, 0.2353515625, -1.171875, -0.30859375, -0.9375, 0.2255859375, 1.484375, -0.1376953125, 1.09375, 0.85546875, 0.15234375, 0.98046875, 0.01904296875, 0.921875, 0.486328125, -0.375, -0.703125, 0.859375, 0.078125, -0.0537109375, -0.07861328125, 0.8828125, 0.66796875, 0.380859375, -0.5625, -0.21875, 0.9921875, 0.337890625, -0.37890625, 0.0703125, 1.15625, -0.052490234375, -0.002777099609375, 0.271484375, 0.1181640625, 0.64453125, 0.62890625, -0.5703125, -0.94921875, 1.015625, 1.234375, -0.314453125, -0.65625, -0.18359375, -0.240234375, -0.609375, -0.30078125, -0.22265625, 0.609375, -0.1845703125, 0.2333984375, -0.52734375, -1.2109375, 0.59765625, -0.10107421875, -1.4921875, 0.98828125, -0.9296875, -0.546875, 0.298828125, -0.7421875, -1.703125, 0.5234375, -0.5078125, 0.263671875, 1.8671875, 0.140625, 0.01324462890625, -0.042724609375, -0.62109375, 1.5078125, -1.1875, -0.43359375, 0.8828125, 1.125, -0.87109375, 0.625, -0.466796875, 1.0234375, 0.42578125, 0.609375, -0.66015625, 0.05322265625, -0.265625, -0.251953125, 0.46484375, 0.89453125, -0.0228271484375, -0.1357421875, 0.3671875, 1.4375, -0.455078125, -0.90625, -0.87109375, -0.40625, -0.2119140625, -0.54296875, -0.0137939453125, 0.78515625, -0.0283203125, 0.244140625, -0.359375, 1.5546875, 0.859375, 0.87890625, -0.671875, 0.76171875, -0.035400390625, -0.3046875, 0.68359375, -1.421875, -2.421875, -0.11474609375, -0.423828125, 0.1318359375, -0.62890625, -0.431640625, 1.609375, 1.5, 0.77734375, 0.1572265625, 0.1904296875, 1.515625, 0.53515625, -1.4921875, 0.1376953125, 0.365234375, 0.578125, -0.51953125, -0.049560546875, 0.494140625, 1.8125, 0.9921875, -0.318359375, 0.83984375, -0.37890625, -1.1953125, -1.203125, 0.62890625, 1.5, -0.1328125, 0.5390625, -0.73828125, -0.3203125, -0.42578125, 0.63671875, 0.42578125, -1.1171875, -0.81640625, -0.6640625, -0.8046875, -0.57421875, -0.07470703125, 0.01202392578125, 0.353515625, 0.0244140625, -0.126953125, 1.3828125, -0.97265625, -0.0654296875, 1.03125, 0.84375, -0.3828125, 0.5234375, 0.79296875, 0.10595703125, 0.63671875, 0.76953125, -0.79296875, 0.76953125, 0.50390625, -1.0703125, -1.8359375, -1.109375, -0.8671875, 0.62890625, 0.69140625, -0.28125, 0.93359375, 0.56640625, -1.484375, -1.9765625, -0.72265625, -1.3984375, -1.5859375, 1.2421875, -0.81640625, 0.80859375, -1.3828125, -0.08154296875, 1.3515625, -0.9375, -0.345703125, 0.267578125, 1.2109375, -0.98828125, -1.9375, -0.4453125, -0.0751953125, -0.06494140625, -0.0101318359375, -0.1005859375, -1.984375, 0.2890625, -0.220703125, -1.8046875, -2.03125, -1.1171875, -0.478515625, -0.345703125, 1.1875, 2.140625, -1.265625, -1.46875, -1.265625, -0.63671875, 0.220703125, -0.126953125, -0.310546875, -0.82421875, 0.0218505859375, 0.8125, 0.6484375, -1.1484375, 0.1943359375, 0.494140625, 0.1728515625, 1.046875, 0.55078125, 0.3125, 1, 0.6015625, -1.5078125, -0.466796875, -0.0078125, 1.390625, -0.5625, 0.75, 0.5078125, -1.71875, -0.52734375, -0.041259765625, 0.0026702880859375, 0.026611328125, 0.361328125, 0.10107421875, 0.396484375, -0.83984375, -0.166015625, -0.045654296875, 0.96875, 0.142578125, -0.734375, -1.4375, -0.46875, -1.3125, -0.318359375, -1.6875, -1.0625, 0.98828125, 0.3046875, 0.69921875, -0.91796875, -0.236328125, 0.484375, -0.09130859375, 0.79296875, 0.94921875, 1.5859375, -0.984375, -1.21875, -0.7890625, 0.5859375, -0.53125, -1.484375, 0.275390625, 0.2138671875, 1.34375, -0.6796875, -0.11328125, 0.287109375, -0.0390625, -0.0986328125, 1.15625, 0.34765625, 0.416015625, 0.369140625, 2.46875, 3.359375, 0.04736328125, -0.796875, -0.2158203125, -0.359375, 0.234375, 0.6328125, -0.14453125, -0.5078125, 0.06982421875, 0.65234375, -0.69921875, -0.9609375, -0.050537109375, -0.65234375, -0.50390625, 2.109375, -0.490234375, -0.314453125, -0.38671875, 0.515625, 0.019287109375, -0.85546875, 0.546875, -0.0052490234375, -0.671875, 1.5390625, 1, -0.96875, -0.65625, -0.330078125, -0.44140625, 1.25, 1.4375, 0.62890625, 0.88671875, -0.150390625, 1.1328125, -1.296875, 0.56640625, 0.52734375, -1.546875, 0.1943359375, -0.0888671875, 0.341796875, 2.1875, -0.35546875, -0.671875, 1.0703125, 2.453125, -0.6328125, 0.66015625, -1.3984375, 1.4609375, 0.306640625, 0.431640625, 1.03125, -0.43359375, -0.421875, 0.55078125, 0.1943359375, -0.41015625, -0.044189453125, -1.453125, 0.70703125, -0.5078125, -0.16015625, -1.7734375, -1.6640625, 1.2734375, -1.1875, -0.150390625, -1.6953125, -0.376953125, 1.0234375, 1.390625, -1.3125, 0.625, -0.41015625, 0.66015625, -0.625, -1.703125, 0.232421875, 1.203125, 0.330078125, -1.109375, -1.078125, 0.458984375, 0.99609375, 1.8046875, 0.462890625, 0.8671875, 0.41015625, -0.0654296875, 1.53125, 1.2890625, 0.228515625, 0.134765625, 1.46875, -0.57421875, 0.9453125, 0.494140625, -1.4921875, -0.50390625, 0.9453125, -0.265625, -0.21484375, -1.3828125, 0.6875, -0.578125, -0.00180816650390625, -0.1943359375, -0.01611328125, -0.310546875, 0.58984375, 0.359375, -0.349609375, 1.09375, 0.87890625, 1.1484375, 0.26953125, 0.796875, -0.2041015625, 1.21875, -0.126953125, 1.109375, 0.609375, -0.322265625, 0.59375, 0.64453125, -0.1484375, 0.30859375, -0.3671875, -0.26171875, -1, 0.357421875, -0.2392578125, -0.71484375, -0.97265625, 1.046875, 0.431640625, 1.8125, -0.1220703125, -0.111328125, 0.062255859375, 1.3671875, 0.28125, -2.015625, -0.0859375, -1.09375, -1.953125, 1.328125, -0.2890625, 1.1328125, 0.6875, 0.212890625, 1.5546875, -0.447265625, -2.421875, 1.2890625, 3 ]
https://openalex.org/W1536157694
The Polypeptide Components from Light‐Harvesting Pigment‐Protein Complex II (B800–850) of <i>Rhodopseudomonas capsulata</i>
A new procedure for isolation, purification and identification of the three polypeptides of the membrane‐bound light‐harvesting complex II (B800–850) of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata has been developed. The polypeptides were extracted from crude intracytoplasmic membranes with chloroform/methanol/ammonium acetate and separated by chromatography on Sephadex LH60. The peak fractions were transferred to solvents of different polarity and separated by gel filtration or ion‐exchange chromatography. The three major polypeptides isolated by this two‐step chromatography were found to be homogenous and identical with the three polypeptides of the light‐harvesting complex II, as judged by amino acid analysis and N‐terminal sequence determination. Contaminating minor polypeptides, of which the functions are unknown, were different from the polypeptides of the B800–850 complex studied by the same criteria.
[ -0.9609375, 0.65625, 0.38671875, -0.09521484375, 0.7265625, -0.6171875, 0.2177734375, 1.4140625, 1.046875, -0.09033203125, -0.93359375, -0.146484375, 2.46875, 0.2373046875, 0.7578125, 0.36328125, 0.4609375, -0.103515625, -1.21875, 0.271484375, 0.7890625, 1.3125, -1.0546875, 0.146484375, 0.018310546875, 1.7265625, 1.3203125, 0.048828125, 0.044189453125, 0.59765625, 0.5234375, 0.05615234375, -1.3828125, -1.3828125, 0.5234375, 1.109375, 1.3828125, -0.68359375, 0.14453125, -0.251953125, 0.349609375, -0.625, 0.82421875, -1.4296875, 0.1240234375, 0.419921875, -1.453125, 0.0089111328125, 0.37890625, -0.4140625, -0.25, 0.8984375, 0.353515625, -0.90625, -0.71484375, 0.63671875, -2.09375, 0.039794921875, 0.69921875, -1.0859375, -0.431640625, 0.578125, 0.3359375, -0.1259765625, 1.2265625, 1.390625, 0.63671875, -0.07470703125, 0.671875, 0.65625, -0.271484375, -0.1328125, -0.439453125, -0.4296875, 0.640625, -0.251953125, 0.6796875, -0.287109375, -0.296875, 0.79296875, -0.53515625, 0.9453125, -1.015625, -0.049560546875, -0.91796875, 0.71875, 0.25390625, 1.2109375, 0.62109375, -0.0179443359375, -0.62109375, 1.03125, -1.0703125, -0.1494140625, -0.59765625, -0.37890625, -0.2392578125, -0.3671875, 0.07177734375, 0.828125, -0.34375, 0.478515625, -0.6640625, -0.984375, 0.66796875, 0.3671875, -0.048095703125, -0.392578125, -0.59765625, -0.73046875, -0.6875, -0.330078125, -0.44140625, 0.5625, 0.671875, -0.076171875, -0.59765625, 0.046630859375, 0.60546875, -0.12890625, 0.1845703125, -0.369140625, 0.79296875, -0.439453125, 1.0078125, -0.1611328125, -0.1962890625, -0.498046875, 0.51953125, -0.70703125, 0.041748046875, 0.052001953125, -0.515625, 0.435546875, 0.43359375, -0.0235595703125, -0.64453125, 1.0390625, 2, 0.279296875, -0.1220703125, 1.234375, -0.97265625, -1.3515625, -0.032958984375, 0.56640625, -0.431640625, 0.91796875, 0.40625, 0.3671875, -1.6171875, 0.15234375, -0.10400390625, 1.3203125, 0.1416015625, 0.38671875, -0.06298828125, 1.7109375, -0.0771484375, 0.65625, 0.46484375, -0.8671875, -0.51953125, -0.059326171875, -0.61328125, 0.9921875, -0.57421875, 0.04638671875, 0.51953125, -0.94921875, -1.640625, -0.64453125, 0.88671875, 0.197265625, 1.671875, -0.80859375, 0.66796875, 1.1953125, 1.0859375, 0.1953125, -0.79296875, 0.5390625, 0.2099609375, 0.4609375, 0.1591796875, 3.25, -1.0078125, -0.73828125, -0.130859375, 1.6015625, 0.63671875, -2.125, -0.490234375, 0.58203125, 0.70703125, -0.58203125, -0.56640625, 1.1796875, -0.12060546875, -0.828125, -0.486328125, -0.8125, 0.95703125, -0.181640625, 1.59375, -0.298828125, 0.310546875, 1.296875, 1.1953125, 0.71484375, -1.765625, -0.859375, -0.271484375, -0.54296875, -1.2109375, -0.31640625, -0.00115203857421875, -0.36328125, -1, 0.2255859375, -0.16796875, 0.67578125, -0.024658203125, 0.296875, 0.6484375, -1.265625, -0.059326171875, 1.0546875, -0.53515625, -0.01287841796875, 0.58984375, -0.16015625, -0.396484375, 0.95703125, 0.00007152557373046875, 0.486328125, -0.1171875, -0.65625, 1.421875, -0.244140625, -0.2333984375, 0.890625, 0.50390625, 1.0078125, 1.1328125, -0.369140625, 1.6328125, -0.296875, -0.228515625, 0.357421875, 0.259765625, -0.3984375, -0.10498046875, 0.5546875, 0.51953125, 0.55859375, -0.69921875, -0.275390625, 0.3828125, -0.134765625, -0.2041015625, 0.70703125, -0.359375, 0.0263671875, 0.046630859375, 0.2490234375, -0.984375, 0.185546875, -0.203125, -0.88671875, -0.234375, -0.984375, -0.314453125, -0.06396484375, -0.1357421875, 1.328125, 0.6328125, -0.201171875, 0.234375, -0.71875, 0.07373046875, -0.09130859375, -0.34765625, -0.40234375, 0.23828125, 0.2412109375, 1.796875, 2.015625, 0.298828125, -0.421875, -1.2578125, 0.32421875, -0.3828125, -0.5390625, 0.0703125, -2.234375, -0.1826171875, 1.25, 1.1953125, 0.326171875, 1.359375, 0.5703125, 0.09228515625, -0.98828125, 1.6328125, -1.1875, -0.6875, -0.57421875, 0.78515625, 2.03125, 0.74609375, 0.84765625, -1.484375, 2.265625, 0.32421875, -0.69140625, -0.462890625, -2.46875, 0.2412109375, 0.392578125, -0.1962890625, 1.0859375, -0.78125, 1.1640625, -0.5859375, -1.71875, 0.37109375, 0.515625, -0.66015625, 1.125, -0.0277099609375, -0.4140625, -0.00830078125, -1.625, 0.09375, -0.01385498046875, -0.703125, -1.96875, 0.4375, 0.31640625, 0.8671875, 0.451171875, -0.0244140625, -1.640625, -0.0810546875, -0.69140625, 0.2353515625, -1.1796875, -0.318359375, -1.046875, -0.16796875, 0.890625, -0.00439453125, -0.55078125, -0.82421875, 0.8046875, 0.375, -0.80078125, 0.1474609375, 1.09375, -0.28125, -0.10498046875, -0.7890625, 0.0771484375, -0.09423828125, -1.3046875, 0.2001953125, -0.98046875, -0.56640625, -0.8984375, 1.6328125, -0.83984375, -0.6484375, 0.7734375, 1.5546875, 1.59375, -1.390625, -1.203125, -0.53515625, 0.78125, 0.369140625, -0.10986328125, -1.4375, 0.890625, 0.44921875, 1.1953125, 0.45703125, 0.64453125, -0.5078125, 1.2578125, -0.765625, -0.9765625, -1.9375, 0.10400390625, -0.232421875, 0.79296875, 0.05517578125, 0.265625, -0.349609375, -0.6484375, 0.400390625, 0.69140625, 1.859375, -1.203125, 0.0419921875, -0.423828125, -1.0625, -0.640625, 0.1015625, 0.5390625, -0.84765625, 1.265625, -1.03125, 0.73828125, -0.0888671875, 0.0927734375, -0.2373046875, -0.3671875, -0.64453125, -0.01092529296875, 0.8671875, -0.15234375, -0.359375, -0.478515625, -0.26953125, 0.19921875, 0.443359375, 1.0859375, -1.203125, -0.62890625, -0.3046875, 0.5390625, -0.0673828125, -0.84765625, -1.3046875, -0.201171875, 0.765625, -0.212890625, -1.2421875, 0.11376953125, 1.359375, 0.322265625, -0.11328125, -0.9453125, 1.2421875, 0.8984375, 1.0078125, 0.248046875, 1.2421875, 1.5625, -0.8203125, -1.3984375, -1.3984375, -0.6640625, -1.0625, 0.98046875, 0.37109375, -0.474609375, 1.2421875, -0.40625, -1.4140625, -0.2294921875, -0.859375, -1.1328125, 0.8125, -1.265625, -0.26953125, -0.72265625, -0.9453125, 1.5390625, 0.73046875, 0.67578125, -0.1279296875, 0.443359375, -0.365234375, 0.28125, 0.70703125, 0.86328125, 0.34765625, 0.470703125, 0.004913330078125, 0.515625, -0.2890625, 0.671875, 1.125, 1.0859375, -0.6484375, 0.25, -0.32421875, 0.91796875, 0.341796875, 0.056884765625, -0.1328125, -1.15625, 0.65234375, 0.022705078125, -0.462890625, 0.71875, -1.0703125, -0.4453125, -0.796875, -2.640625, -0.470703125, 0.57421875, -0.28515625, -0.50390625, -0.02294921875, 0.53515625, -1.203125, -0.439453125, 1.078125, 1.1015625, -1.2890625, -0.8515625, 0.357421875, 2.0625, 1.7578125, 0.80078125, -0.77734375, -0.5546875, 1.5703125, -0.49609375, -1.3359375, 0.388671875, -0.4140625, 0.73046875, 1.703125, -0.376953125, 0.458984375, -0.9140625, -0.173828125, -0.8671875, -0.427734375, 1.40625, -0.6484375, -1.265625, 0.625, 1.1796875, 0.72265625, -0.478515625, -0.3125, 1.1796875, 0.00799560546875, -0.0087890625, 0.640625, 0.2099609375, 0.75390625, 0.77734375, -0.466796875, -0.50390625, -0.7890625, 0.006500244140625, -1.2109375, -0.375, -0.26171875, 1.71875, -0.8359375, 0.66015625, -1.4375, -0.271484375, 0.484375, -2.171875, -0.57421875, 1.671875, 0.9375, 0.37109375, -0.69140625, -1.1640625, 0.56640625, 0.0242919921875, 1.265625, -1.546875, 0.0439453125, 0.55859375, 1.0546875, -1.0625, -0.95703125, -0.44140625, -0.1298828125, -0.50390625, -0.40234375, 0.74609375, -0.365234375, -0.51953125, -0.8515625, 0.48828125, 2.171875, -0.51953125, 1.4296875, 0.2490234375, 0.3203125, 0.30859375, 1.2734375, 0.6640625, 0.419921875, 0.197265625, 0.0167236328125, 0.2451171875, -0.0478515625, 0.671875, -0.3515625, -0.59375, -0.77734375, -1.4921875, -0.034912109375, -0.45703125, -1.078125, 0.09765625, 0.6796875, 0.96484375, -0.94921875, -0.65625, 0.146484375, -1.4765625, 0.8671875, -0.016357421875, 0.8046875, -0.9296875, 0.6640625, -0.384765625, -0.75390625, 0.6796875, -0.2314453125, 1.40625, -0.1904296875, -1.65625, -0.0439453125, -1.421875, 0.1630859375, -0.1376953125, -0.7734375, 0.126953125, -0.03173828125, -0.318359375, 0.1845703125, 0.1396484375, -0.8125, 1.875, 0.55078125, -0.609375, 1.640625, 0.40625, -0.310546875, 0.330078125, 0.494140625, 1.6171875, 0.703125, -0.34375, -0.88671875, 1.34375, 0.0458984375, -0.82421875, -0.306640625, 0.828125, 0.53125, 0.69921875, -1.0390625, -0.333984375, 0.51953125, 1.4609375, -0.3359375, 0.78125, -0.09228515625, -0.15625, 0.333984375, 0.7109375, -0.83984375, -1.265625, 0.072265625, -0.67578125, -0.314453125, 0.5078125, 0.027099609375, 0.58203125, 0.1484375, 1.7109375, -1.2578125, 1.2734375, 0.240234375, 0.05126953125, 0.1513671875, 0.14453125, -0.73828125, 0.609375, 1.078125, -0.4296875, -1.5625, -0.3125, -0.7578125, -0.37109375, -0.66796875, 1.0078125, 0.89453125, 0.94140625, 0.349609375, 0.5, 1.671875, 0.40234375, 0.1318359375, -0.80859375, 0.265625, 1.2890625, -0.48828125, -0.8359375, -0.07958984375, -0.06591796875, 1.078125, 1.5703125, -0.126953125, 0.2470703125, -0.76953125, 0.026611328125, 0.09130859375, 0.5, 1.6015625, 0.482421875, 1.4609375, 0.58984375, -0.1806640625, 0.796875, 0.99609375, -1.6875, 0.04833984375, 0.248046875, -1.25, -1.6640625, -0.796875, -0.14453125, -0.703125, -0.478515625, -0.62109375, -0.5234375, 1.1484375, -0.71875, 0.302734375, 0.49609375, -0.09375, 0.98828125, 0.427734375, 1.109375, 0.10986328125, -0.1279296875, -0.000972747802734375, -0.142578125, 0.06640625, 0.52734375, -0.53125, -2.125, -0.640625, -0.8359375, -0.0164794921875, 1.25, -0.4921875, 1.890625, 1.0859375, -0.66015625, -1.9453125, -1.4921875, 1.7734375, -2.328125, 0.9140625, -0.99609375, 0.03466796875, 0.072265625, 0.6796875, -0.98046875, -0.470703125, -1.7109375, -0.61328125, -0.34765625, -0.267578125, -0.5078125, 0.1884765625, 0.87890625, 0.05224609375, -0.1806640625, -0.1396484375, -1.1171875, 0.796875, -0.1591796875, -1.078125, -1.171875, -1.171875, -0.447265625, -1.1328125, 0.490234375, -0.15625, -0.298828125, -0.3203125, -2.0625, -2.609375, -0.318359375, -0.2255859375, -0.86328125, 0.328125, -1.3359375, -0.57421875, 1.1484375, 0.5859375, 0.2294921875, 1.2734375, 0.06787109375, -1.2578125, -0.263671875, 0.84375, 0.64453125, 0.169921875, -0.421875, -0.66796875, -0.52734375, 2.234375, -1.4453125, 0.796875, 0.296875, -1.359375, 0.455078125, 0.271484375, 0.734375, 0.59765625, -0.1279296875, -0.10693359375, 0.0576171875, -0.83984375, -0.271484375, 0.4921875, -0.8671875, 0.05322265625, 0.7421875, -0.87890625, 0.1787109375, -1.6875, 0.0810546875, -0.65625, -0.6015625, 1.09375, 0.92578125, 0.1904296875, 0.1025390625, -0.3515625, 0.189453125, -0.08154296875, -0.1083984375, 1.234375, 0.1796875, -0.76171875, 0.91015625, -0.0869140625, 0.7421875, 1.3359375, 0.310546875, 0.8515625, -0.6640625, 0.328125, -0.53125, 0.60546875, 0.55859375, 0.02978515625, 0.09716796875, 1.078125, -0.41796875, 0.68359375, 0.2119140625, 1.796875, 2.3125, 1.046875, -2.296875, 0.140625, 0.6640625, -0.7421875, 0.7265625, -0.24609375, -0.625, -0.26171875, 0.88671875, 0.203125, 0.8515625, -1.7109375, -0.7890625, -1.390625, 1.171875, -1.484375, 0.232421875, -0.478515625, 0.578125, 0.259765625, -1.6953125, 0.2109375, -0.0595703125, 1.46875, 0.25390625, 0.248046875, -0.52734375, -0.1669921875, -0.94140625, 1.609375, 0.5625, 1.2421875, 1.234375, -0.0025177001953125, 0.0810546875, 0.283203125, -1.3046875, 0.373046875, 1.3125, -0.62890625, 0.345703125, -1.84375, -1.1171875, 1.34375, 0.1796875, -0.4453125, 0.01104736328125, 0.609375, 0.63671875, 1.2265625, -0.30078125, -0.87890625, -0.96875, -0.166015625, 0.10302734375, -0.400390625, 0.84765625, -0.734375, -0.053466796875, -0.0869140625, 0.99609375, -1.7890625, 0.35546875, -0.1259765625, -0.4375, -1.8203125, 0.09130859375, 0.1796875, -0.72265625, -1.3359375, -1.3671875, 0.0234375, -0.65234375, 1.1171875, -0.40625, 1.1015625, -0.10888671875, 0.98828125, -0.9453125, -0.35546875, 1.734375, -0.03564453125, -1.796875, 1.0078125, -1.234375, -0.63671875, 0.8359375, 0.75390625, -1.484375, 0.70703125, 0.0615234375, -0.2421875, 0.63671875, 1.84375, -0.279296875, 0.171875, 0.578125, -0.91015625, -0.13671875, 0.3046875, -0.640625, -0.220703125, 0.34765625, -0.359375, -0.671875, -0.4296875, 0.1376953125, -0.51953125, 0.45703125, 0.81640625, 0.345703125, -0.259765625, 0.546875, 0.88671875, 2.171875, 1.2734375, 1.2109375, 0.609375, 1.421875, 0.173828125, 1.0546875, 0.013427734375, 1.0625, 1.640625, -1.0546875, -0.380859375, -1.2109375, -0.04150390625, -0.134765625, -0.328125, -0.419921875, -1.125, -1.109375, -0.953125, -0.67578125, 0.1728515625, -0.1337890625, 1.7265625, 0.98828125, 2.046875, -0.1953125, -0.031005859375, 0.5390625, 1.3203125, 1.6640625, -2.265625, 0.76953125, -0.55859375, 0.298828125, -0.57421875, 0.390625, 0.69140625, -0.2265625, 0.890625, 0.609375, 0.2353515625, -1.4765625, 0.337890625, 2.484375 ]
https://openalex.org/W1536180283
New treatment paradigm for prostate cancer: abarelix initiation therapy for immediate testosterone suppression followed by a luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone agonist
Study Type – Therapy (prospective cohort) Level of Evidence 2a What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The sequential administration of a GnRH antagonist followed by an LHRH agonist in the management of prostate cancer patients has not been studied, but such a program would provide a more physiologic method of achieving testosterone suppression and avoid the obligatory testosterone surge and need for concomitant antiandrogens that accompany LHRH agonist therapy. The current study which uses abarelix initiation therapy for 12 weeks followed by either leuprolide or goserelin demonstrates the ability to more rapidly achieve testosterone suppression, avoid the obligatory LHRH induced testosterone surge, avoid the necessity of antiandrogens, all of which were accomplished safely, without inducing either additional or novel safety issues. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the safety and endocrinological and biochemical efficacy of initiating treatment with the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, abarelix, followed by administration of an luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist in patients with advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicentre, open‐label design study was conducted at 22 centres in the US involving patients with: localized, locally advanced or metastatic disease; with a rising prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) after definitive local treatment; patients undergoing neoadjuvant hormonal therapy before local therapy (radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy or cryosurgery); and patients in whom intermittent therapy was the planned treatment. All patients received abarelix for 12 weeks followed by an LHRH agonist (either leuprolide or goserelin) for 8 weeks The primary efficacy endpoint was achievement and maintenance of castration defined as testosterone &lt;50 ng/dL from day 29 through to day 141 and whether abarelix initiation therapy could eliminate the testosterone surge after two consecutive doses of LHRH agonist therapy. PSA, LH and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were measured and adverse events were monitored. RESULTS A total of 176 patients were enrolled into the present study, the majority of whom had localized prostate cancer (82%) and a PSA level &lt;10 ng/mL (62%). At the end of the abarelix treatment period (day 85), 93.8% of patients achieved castrate levels; during the first week of switch over to the LHRH agonist therapy (days 85–92) the rate was 86.5% and during the week after the second LHRH agonist injection (days 114–12) it was 93.3%. A small, transient increase in testosterone occurred during the first injection of the LHRH agonist; mean (standard deviation [ sd ]) values increased from 17 (17.8) ng/dL at day 85 to 37.3 (51.07) ng/dL at day 86. Mean ( sd ) PSA levels decreased from 20.5 (56.6) ng/mL at baseline to 3.7 (23.5) ng/mL on day 85 and remained stable throughout the LHRH agonist treatment phase. Treatment‐related adverse events occurred in 84% of patients overall; a similar incidence was reported during the two treatment phases. CONCLUSIONS Abarelix initiation therapy results in the desired effect of achieving rapid testosterone suppression; testosterone surges after subsequent LHRH agonist therapy are greatly abrogated or completely eliminated. This treatment paradigm (abarelix initiation followed by agonist maintenance) obviates the need for an antiandrogen. Abarelix was well tolerated and no clinically meaningful or novel adverse events were observed during abarelix treatment or in the transition to LHRH agonist maintenance therapy.
[ -1.2109375, 1.2421875, 0.671875, -0.8671875, 0.50390625, 0.10009765625, -0.6484375, 1.265625, 0.41015625, 0.88671875, -1.7421875, 1.453125, 0.77734375, 0.6953125, 1.375, 1.390625, -1.3828125, -2.296875, 1.2265625, -0.9609375, -1.3828125, -0.3046875, 0.1669921875, 1.2109375, 0.84375, 0.55078125, -0.2314453125, -1.7578125, 0.068359375, 0.87109375, 0.65625, 1.453125, -2.09375, 0.52734375, 1, 0.1240234375, 2.046875, 0.057861328125, -0.1904296875, -0.99609375, 0.439453125, 1.1015625, 1.4375, 0.62109375, -0.0023651123046875, -0.54296875, -1.8359375, -1.1640625, 1.2265625, 0.322265625, -1.15625, 0.341796875, 0.94140625, 0.2265625, -0.025390625, 0.6171875, -1.0546875, -0.115234375, 1.890625, -0.0625, 0.5234375, -0.333984375, 0.1474609375, 0.9765625, 0.796875, -0.453125, 1.3515625, 0.04150390625, -0.39453125, -0.275390625, -0.2099609375, -0.2734375, -0.265625, -0.345703125, 1.34375, -0.53125, -1.015625, 0.482421875, 0.1396484375, 0.030517578125, -0.796875, -0.3671875, 1.3125, 1.6640625, -1.4375, 1.65625, 1.1796875, 1.5234375, -0.6484375, 0.62109375, -0.10400390625, 0.0576171875, -0.8984375, 0.4140625, -0.396484375, 1.2265625, 0.2177734375, -0.31640625, -1.0390625, 1.1796875, -1, -0.6484375, -1.15625, 1.0390625, 0.08984375, 0.007293701171875, -1.65625, -0.55859375, 0.314453125, -0.80859375, -0.4609375, 1.3046875, -0.10107421875, -0.2138671875, 0.27734375, -0.26953125, 0.000957489013671875, 0.50390625, -0.63671875, -0.41015625, -0.259765625, -1.1171875, -0.3046875, 0.375, 0.515625, 0.671875, -0.2255859375, 0.2021484375, 1.03125, -1.4921875, 1.015625, 0.1904296875, -0.58203125, -0.2099609375, 0.96484375, -0.546875, 0.77734375, 0.380859375, 2.140625, -0.259765625, 1.8203125, 1.65625, -1.1640625, -0.640625, -0.8984375, -1.7734375, 0.08251953125, 0.9609375, 0.0478515625, 0.953125, 0.55078125, 0.359375, 0.006927490234375, 0.65625, -0.6171875, -0.984375, 0.328125, 2.75, -1.3671875, -0.1669921875, -0.71484375, -1.9296875, 0.5625, -0.34375, 0.98828125, -0.7890625, 0.1201171875, 0.255859375, -0.244140625, -0.4375, -0.578125, 0.0771484375, 1.5078125, 0.87109375, 1.34375, -1.4296875, 1, 0.263671875, 0.38671875, -0.7265625, -1.328125, 2.34375, -1.5, -1.3984375, 1.578125, 1.3671875, 0.12255859375, 0.734375, -0.12451171875, 0.91015625, 2.265625, -1.8125, -3.03125, 0.8359375, -0.25390625, -1.3515625, 0.1396484375, 2.1875, 1.5859375, -0.28515625, -2.15625, 1.6796875, -0.396484375, 1.203125, 1.421875, -1.265625, 1.0390625, 0.34765625, 0.2333984375, 0.3125, -0.140625, -1.6484375, 0.9375, -2.0625, -0.05859375, -0.1279296875, -0.87109375, 2.53125, 0.89453125, -0.193359375, 1.625, 0.0262451171875, 1.796875, 0.02783203125, -0.82421875, -2.890625, 0.44921875, 2.578125, -0.80078125, 0.400390625, 0.5390625, 1.1796875, -1.1015625, -1.7734375, -0.953125, 0.59375, 1.3046875, -1.515625, 0.78125, 0.3984375, 0.57421875, -0.84375, -1.03125, 0.029541015625, 1.328125, 0.5546875, 0.5703125, -1.2109375, -0.53125, -0.640625, 2.578125, 0.271484375, -0.7734375, 0.50390625, -2, 0.640625, -0.515625, 2.09375, 0.7578125, -0.71484375, 0.345703125, 0.4765625, 0.64453125, -0.138671875, -1.421875, -1.7265625, -0.0294189453125, -1.4765625, -0.90625, -1.15625, -0.73046875, -1.3046875, -0.0028839111328125, 0.8828125, 0.08447265625, -0.189453125, 0.01483154296875, -0.318359375, -0.349609375, -1.4453125, -1.9375, -1.4140625, 0.419921875, -0.70703125, -0.890625, 0.71484375, 1.03125, -0.431640625, -0.365234375, -2.203125, 0.171875, -1.7578125, -0.9140625, 0.84375, -1.03125, 0.8125, 0.72265625, 1.15625, 0.76953125, -0.11767578125, 0.91015625, 0.8359375, 0.046142578125, -0.83203125, 0.51171875, -0.96875, -1.5078125, 0.0238037109375, 0.57421875, 1.125, -0.60546875, -0.21484375, 0.2578125, 0.8828125, 0.65625, 0.5625, 0.01324462890625, 0.267578125, 0.71484375, -0.7578125, -0.01226806640625, -0.7265625, -0.515625, 1.375, 0.470703125, -0.1279296875, -1.421875, -1.53125, -1.4375, 0.47265625, -0.478515625, -1.296875, 0.154296875, -0.6015625, -0.83984375, 0.15625, -0.47265625, -0.65625, 1.421875, 0.8359375, 0.1201171875, -0.267578125, -1.6796875, -1.609375, -0.003173828125, 0.1884765625, 0.490234375, -0.02880859375, 1.21875, -1.765625, -0.44140625, -0.578125, 0.291015625, -0.53125, -0.5625, 0.59375, 0.7734375, -1.6171875, -0.51171875, -0.63671875, -0.48046875, -0.134765625, -0.67578125, 1.3046875, 0.94921875, 0.380859375, -0.283203125, 0.2041015625, -1.4765625, -2.265625, 1.2109375, -1.4375, -1.4375, 0.2431640625, -0.55078125, 1.828125, -0.87890625, -1.734375, -0.41796875, 2, 0.2578125, 0.84765625, 0.74609375, 0.279296875, 0.6796875, 1.203125, -0.09423828125, -0.6640625, 0.97265625, 0.984375, 1.2421875, 0.1240234375, -1.96875, -0.1591796875, 1.734375, -0.2890625, 3, 0.375, -0.6015625, -1.6328125, -0.2353515625, 0.1259765625, -0.8359375, 0.14453125, -1.171875, 0.95703125, -0.6875, 0.232421875, 0.0147705078125, 0.197265625, -0.55859375, 0.1650390625, -0.96875, 1.671875, 0.609375, -2.265625, -0.341796875, -0.494140625, 0.57421875, -0.68359375, 1.3125, -0.037353515625, 1.4140625, -1.4375, 0.451171875, 1.03125, 1.203125, 1.390625, -1.15625, 0.251953125, -0.2099609375, 1.765625, -0.4765625, -0.333984375, -0.189453125, -0.95703125, 0.53125, -0.30078125, 0.11962890625, -0.373046875, -1.2734375, 1.03125, 0.89453125, 1.890625, 1.6640625, 0.7265625, 0.419921875, 0.345703125, 0.63671875, 0.71484375, -1.203125, -1.2734375, -0.224609375, -0.0205078125, 0.046142578125, -0.0791015625, -0.97265625, -0.0189208984375, 0.2177734375, -0.216796875, -0.80078125, -1.296875, 1.4140625, 0.16796875, 0.158203125, -0.78125, 1.5625, -0.3046875, -0.53125, 1.6484375, 0.1845703125, -0.703125, -0.302734375, -0.330078125, -1.8515625, -0.05224609375, -0.07421875, 0.3671875, 2.03125, 0.5546875, 1.640625, -0.57421875, -0.400390625, 0.7734375, -1.3671875, -0.52734375, 0.0439453125, -0.2333984375, 0.87109375, -1.0546875, 0.2275390625, -0.0216064453125, -0.51171875, 0.8828125, 1.3671875, 0.50390625, -0.083984375, 0.5390625, 0.373046875, 1.0234375, 0.34375, -0.53125, -2.828125, -1.3984375, 0.6015625, 0.33203125, 0.3046875, 1.2734375, -2.484375, 0.02880859375, 1.140625, 2.0625, -1, -0.52734375, 0.75390625, -0.3203125, 1.9296875, 0.703125, -1.3671875, -1.4140625, -0.2734375, -0.97265625, -0.0032501220703125, 1.015625, 0.82421875, 0.7578125, 1.5703125, -0.36328125, -0.26171875, -1.2109375, 0.0634765625, -0.287109375, 0.96484375, 2.140625, 0.10302734375, -1.859375, 0.2412109375, 0.07373046875, -0.75390625, -0.486328125, -2.40625, 0.3515625, -0.0869140625, 1.515625, 1.53125, 0.043212890625, 1.125, -0.039794921875, -0.1162109375, 0.0859375, -0.5546875, 0.177734375, -2.109375, -2.640625, -0.47265625, -1.0703125, 0.2255859375, -0.90234375, -0.7265625, -0.85546875, 0.353515625, -1.2578125, -0.8828125, 2.53125, 0.337890625, 0.244140625, -0.119140625, -0.37890625, -0.349609375, 1.140625, -0.41015625, -1.828125, -0.376953125, -1.09375, 1.4140625, 0.265625, -1.5703125, 0.5, -1.3359375, 0.306640625, -0.9140625, -0.71875, -1.0390625, 0.0380859375, 0.1875, 1.6015625, 1.5390625, -1.359375, 1.3046875, -1.0546875, -0.94140625, -0.21875, -0.9140625, 0.04052734375, 0.40625, 0.306640625, 0.5078125, 1.953125, -0.061767578125, 1.09375, 1.515625, 0.51953125, 0.3671875, -0.26171875, -0.1328125, -0.96484375, -0.1484375, 0.87890625, 0.44921875, 0.671875, -0.69921875, -0.119140625, -0.490234375, -0.03759765625, -0.38671875, -0.1796875, -0.40625, -0.263671875, 1.1953125, 0.291015625, -0.2216796875, 0.2333984375, -0.91015625, 1.1015625, 0.0252685546875, -1.1875, 0.8828125, -0.458984375, 0.1865234375, 0.181640625, -1.40625, 1.2890625, -1.6953125, -0.41796875, -1.03125, -1.640625, -0.0103759765625, 0.8203125, 0.349609375, -1.125, 2.0625, 2.59375, 0.43359375, -0.0238037109375, -0.154296875, 0.74609375, -2.25, -0.40234375, -1.4921875, -0.169921875, -1, 0.251953125, 0.2197265625, -0.625, -0.60546875, 2.15625, -0.150390625, -0.72265625, -0.10009765625, -0.9921875, 2.171875, 1.015625, -0.66015625, -1.40625, 0.408203125, 0.6953125, -1.640625, -1.53125, -0.5234375, 1.4140625, -1.5546875, 0.86328125, 1.203125, 1.046875, -1.3828125, 0.82421875, -0.30859375, 0.69921875, 1.8828125, 0.059814453125, 0.8515625, -1.6640625, 0.55078125, 1.046875, 1.0859375, -0.6796875, 0.2060546875, -0.62890625, -1.4453125, 0.322265625, 0.2578125, 0.578125, 0.41796875, -0.11328125, 1.2578125, 0.7578125, -0.421875, -2.109375, 0.00872802734375, -1.7265625, 0.5234375, 0.439453125, -0.58984375, 0.9609375, 1.171875, -1.0859375, 0.8046875, 1.7265625, -0.4453125, -0.59375, -0.44140625, -0.11572265625, 0.419921875, 1.3671875, 1, -1.421875, 0.78125, -0.2490234375, 1.515625, 0.2060546875, 0.55859375, -0.734375, -0.0693359375, -0.59375, 0.361328125, 0.25390625, 0.7265625, -0.181640625, 0.1318359375, 2.515625, 0.330078125, -2.34375, 2.234375, -1.234375, 0.51171875, -0.298828125, -1.6953125, -0.041748046875, -0.09423828125, 0.86328125, 0.8203125, 1.1953125, -0.2431640625, -0.703125, -0.000957489013671875, -0.2119140625, -0.91796875, -2.796875, 0.453125, 0.0233154296875, 0.23828125, -0.69921875, -1.203125, 1.3671875, -0.703125, -0.85546875, 0.6875, -1.25, 0.004364013671875, -0.7109375, 1.6796875, 0.55859375, 1.296875, 0.248046875, 1.1875, 1.3515625, -0.5, 0.1923828125, 0.1240234375, 0.73828125, 0.29296875, -1.2421875, 0.74609375, 0.396484375, -0.08740234375, -0.498046875, 0.29296875, -0.275390625, -0.259765625, 1.203125, -0.482421875, -0.53125, 0.400390625, 1.0546875, -1.953125, -0.380859375, 0.150390625, -0.578125, -0.52734375, 0.2255859375, -0.78515625, 0.154296875, -0.57421875, -1, -0.470703125, -0.009033203125, 0.2255859375, 0.26953125, -2.109375, -0.82421875, 0.349609375, -0.177734375, -0.87109375, 0.94140625, -0.91796875, 0.279296875, -0.0125732421875, 0.34375, -0.63671875, -0.85546875, 2.21875, -0.6015625, 0.8828125, -0.87109375, -2.3125, 0.408203125, -0.82421875, -1.4296875, -0.09130859375, 0.88671875, -0.859375, 0.66796875, 1.375, -0.51953125, -0.0252685546875, -0.158203125, 2.140625, -0.63671875, -1.25, 1.453125, -2.09375, -1.3828125, -1.765625, 0.44140625, -1, -0.56640625, 0.19140625, 0.6328125, 0.279296875, 0.486328125, -0.044189453125, 1.6796875, 0.2392578125, 0.765625, -0.10107421875, -0.0546875, -1.9296875, 0.142578125, 0.6640625, -1.6171875, 1.46875, -1.0625, -0.3515625, -1.03125, -0.166015625, 0.671875, 0.18359375, 0.40625, 0.271484375, 0.130859375, 1.34375, 0.130859375, 0.84375, 2.328125, 0.482421875, 0.51171875, -0.81640625, -0.2421875, -0.046875, 0.30859375, -0.431640625, 0.85546875, 0.236328125, 0.88671875, 1.0390625, -0.0791015625, -0.95703125, -1.171875, -1.0625, 1.6640625, -1.71875, -0.197265625, -0.92578125, -0.333984375, -1.34375, -1.21875, -0.18359375, -1.1796875, -0.3203125, -1.390625, 1.2734375, -0.5703125, -2.59375, 0.3203125, -0.271484375, 1.3984375, 0.0390625, -0.490234375, -0.67578125, -0.984375, 0.318359375, 0.11083984375, 1.4609375, 1.40625, -1.0859375, 0.020263671875, -1.296875, 0.056640625, 0.2109375, 1.390625, 0.349609375, -0.85546875, -0.042236328125, 1.3984375, 1.375, -0.31640625, 0.0023193359375, 0.294921875, 1.703125, 0.40234375, -0.9140625, 1.359375, -0.40234375, -0.84765625, 0.734375, 0.22265625, -0.640625, 0.1494140625, -1.0234375, 0.16796875, -0.427734375, -1.21875, 0.419921875, 0.314453125, -1.7421875, -1.984375, 0.8203125, -1.71875, 0.32421875, 0.32421875, -0.19921875, -0.7578125, 0.1181640625, -0.486328125, -0.1435546875, -0.42578125, -0.341796875, -0.0634765625, -0.62890625, 1.5390625, -2, 0.4921875, 0.765625, 0.09912109375, 0.59375, -1.1796875, -1.875, -0.7734375, 1.7265625, -0.31640625, -0.546875, -0.796875, -0.65625, 0.1611328125, 0.4140625, -1.4453125, -0.83984375, 0.51953125, 1.3125, -0.52734375, -1.5390625, 0.6484375, -0.9453125, 1.15625, -1.1484375, 0.8828125, -1.359375, -0.0177001953125, 0.1533203125, 0.81640625, 0.283203125, 0.40234375, 0.87109375, -0.09130859375, 0.0089111328125, 0.95703125, 0.455078125, 1.453125, 1.0234375, 0.380859375, 2.265625, -1.078125, -0.2734375, -0.66015625, 0.7265625, -0.828125, 0.4765625, 0.330078125, 0.625, -0.0478515625, -2.15625, -0.42578125, 0.52734375, 0.2119140625, 2.34375, 0.578125, 0.3984375, 0.2041015625, 1.3515625, -0.380859375, -0.69140625, 0.75, -0.97265625, -1.9375, -0.7421875, -0.326171875, 0.482421875, 0.09521484375, 0.43359375, -0.423828125, -1.546875, -2.65625, -2.078125, 1.2890625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1536235870
Cophenylcaine spray vs. placebo in flexible nasendoscopy: a prospective double-blind randomised controlled trial
Practices vary across the UK on the use of topical preparation prior to flexible fibreoptic nasendoscopy. In this double-blind study, we randomised 98 patients to receive cophenylcaine or placebo nasal spray before flexible nasendoscopy. A visual analogue scale (1-100) was used to record pain, unpleasantness of taste and overall discomfort experienced. Overall, the procedure was associated with minimal pain and discomfort in both groups. There was no significant difference in pain or overall discomfort experienced between the two groups; however, the sensation of bad taste was significantly worse in the cophenylcaine group. In linear regression, factors that predicted the overall unpleasantness of the experience were primarily pain experienced and secondarily unpleasantness of taste. We conclude that the routine use of cophenylcaine for nasal preparation is not justified before flexible nasendoscopy.
[ 0.9296875, 0.75, 1.2734375, -1.125, -1.078125, -1.3203125, -1.734375, 1.5703125, -0.69140625, -0.8515625, 1.0546875, 1.859375, 1.6015625, 1.2109375, 1.5546875, 1.9765625, -0.08642578125, -0.1650390625, -0.0830078125, -2.28125, -0.39453125, -1.2734375, -0.9140625, 0.162109375, -0.0888671875, 0.427734375, -0.87109375, -0.80078125, -2.03125, -0.271484375, 0.07080078125, 2.015625, -2.171875, 0.2578125, 0.61328125, 0.26953125, -0.1064453125, 0.74609375, 0.12890625, -0.0159912109375, 0.625, -1.1796875, -0.322265625, -0.44140625, -0.26953125, 0.038818359375, -0.21484375, -0.76171875, -1.109375, -0.1904296875, -0.50390625, -0.859375, 1.0703125, -0.4453125, -1.3828125, 1.875, -0.279296875, -0.2255859375, 0.109375, -0.1416015625, -0.390625, -1.7109375, 0.40625, 1.0390625, 0.94921875, 0.04541015625, -1.09375, 1.0546875, 1.0546875, -0.10302734375, -0.7265625, 2.59375, 0.016357421875, 0.3203125, 1.8984375, -0.026123046875, 1.703125, 0.306640625, 0.359375, 0.58203125, 1.8359375, -0.56640625, -0.30859375, 1.671875, -0.796875, 1.609375, 0.6171875, 1.0859375, 1.0546875, 1.3671875, -0.84765625, 0.16015625, -0.93359375, -0.734375, -0.8125, 0.49609375, -0.55078125, -2.09375, -1.8203125, 0.61328125, -1.1328125, -0.017333984375, -0.1923828125, -1.3671875, -0.80859375, -0.1220703125, -0.279296875, -0.89453125, -0.75, -0.95703125, 1.921875, 1.078125, 0.2451171875, 0.56640625, 0.2578125, 0.5, 0.8046875, 1.7109375, 0.6640625, 0.10986328125, -0.0267333984375, -1.21875, -0.7734375, 1.09375, 1.2890625, 0.87109375, -0.1416015625, 0.8984375, 0.55859375, -0.1640625, -0.291015625, 0.09765625, -0.91015625, -0.07080078125, 0.54296875, -0.765625, 0.51171875, 0.625, 0.19921875, 0.97265625, -0.30859375, 1.234375, 0.341796875, -0.93359375, -1.7265625, -0.62109375, 1.734375, -0.1259765625, 0.953125, -0.64453125, 0.8203125, -1.2890625, -0.078125, 1.0625, 0.1376953125, 1.109375, -0.298828125, 1.5390625, 0.92578125, -0.3515625, 0.2490234375, -0.63671875, 1.328125, -0.62890625, 0.703125, 0.140625, 1.234375, 0.1572265625, 0.734375, -0.890625, -1.109375, -2.015625, 0.3046875, -0.162109375, 0.8046875, -0.84375, -1.1953125, 0.1328125, 0.11767578125, 0.068359375, 0.0123291015625, 0.546875, 0.1787109375, 0.1572265625, -1.0390625, 0.1640625, -0.4296875, 0.0283203125, -0.84765625, 0.53515625, 0.66796875, -1.828125, -0.400390625, 0.71875, -1.0390625, -1.1171875, 0.30078125, 1.3203125, -0.03173828125, 0.53125, -2.625, 1.859375, 1.8671875, 0.9453125, 0.07275390625, 1.1328125, -0.224609375, 0.1064453125, 2.203125, 0.54296875, -0.88671875, -0.79296875, -0.94140625, -1.3203125, 0.458984375, -0.1865234375, 0.36328125, 0.296875, 1.0546875, -1.7890625, 1.9140625, -0.033203125, 0.4609375, 0.76953125, -0.380859375, -0.36328125, 0.671875, -0.1982421875, -0.07177734375, -0.1416015625, 0.29296875, 0.7734375, -0.734375, -1.703125, -1.21875, -0.197265625, 0.71484375, 0.6953125, 0.53125, 1.109375, 0.07958984375, -0.78515625, -0.828125, 0.07177734375, 1.28125, 0.71875, 1.6328125, -0.197265625, 0.1669921875, 2.90625, 0.8125, 0.71484375, 0.2109375, 1.3125, 0.7734375, -0.31640625, -1.0625, -0.482421875, 0.87109375, 0.30078125, -0.33984375, 1.3359375, 1.1953125, -0.37109375, 0.7890625, -0.4453125, -1.328125, -1.328125, -1.0390625, -0.46875, -0.01611328125, -1.2734375, 1.1796875, -0.0201416015625, 0.44921875, -0.01287841796875, 1.2109375, 1.1796875, -1.484375, 0.5078125, -1.8515625, 0.212890625, 1.1640625, -1.6640625, -0.021484375, 0.1279296875, -0.416015625, 1.15625, -1.6015625, -1.359375, -0.47265625, -0.96484375, -1.6640625, 2.25, 0.421875, -0.000690460205078125, 0.1806640625, 1.6171875, 0.9375, -0.58984375, 1.4140625, 0.044921875, -0.83984375, -0.98828125, 2.6875, -1.1328125, -0.96484375, 0.875, 0.78125, 0.55859375, -0.181640625, -0.33203125, -1.8828125, 0.8359375, -0.020263671875, 0.310546875, -0.83203125, -1.4609375, 0.36328125, 0.3125, -0.287109375, -0.6640625, -1.1640625, -0.09716796875, -0.1611328125, -0.4296875, -0.294921875, -0.75390625, -1.296875, -1.6640625, -0.1650390625, -0.875, 0.5625, -1.0078125, -1.703125, 2.03125, -1.8671875, 0.83984375, 2, 0.70703125, 2.640625, -0.32421875, -0.625, -0.890625, -0.126953125, -0.4140625, 0.197265625, 0.57421875, 1.5859375, -1.03125, 1.0703125, 0.515625, 0.408203125, -2.03125, 0.1875, 0.78515625, 1.4453125, -0.51953125, 0.9921875, -0.1474609375, 0.48046875, 0.19140625, -0.396484375, 0.8984375, -0.6484375, 1.28125, -0.87890625, -0.71484375, -1.4921875, -0.48828125, 1.5078125, 1.0703125, -0.73046875, 0.494140625, 0.46484375, -0.1796875, -0.44140625, -0.98046875, -0.6328125, 0.9921875, -0.56640625, -0.486328125, 0.58984375, -0.103515625, 0.55859375, 1.40625, 0.55859375, -0.0002765655517578125, 1.078125, 1.9453125, -0.12060546875, 0.498046875, -1.8203125, 0.2578125, -0.76953125, 1.3359375, 1.3046875, 0.1435546875, -1.1484375, -0.46875, 0.50390625, -0.494140625, 0.984375, 0.9140625, -0.56640625, 0.2578125, -0.91796875, 0.04443359375, 0.212890625, 0.390625, -0.1787109375, 0.051025390625, -0.87109375, 0.1865234375, 0.009765625, 0.1826171875, 0.921875, -0.259765625, -0.19921875, -1.2421875, 1.390625, -0.390625, 0.57421875, -0.0791015625, -0.984375, 0.330078125, -0.61328125, 2.25, -1.8828125, -1.2578125, 0.2314453125, -0.056640625, 0.2392578125, -1.484375, -0.13671875, -1.078125, 0.8046875, 1.390625, -0.046630859375, -0.2236328125, -0.0341796875, 1.140625, -0.057373046875, 1.7578125, 2.359375, 1.90625, -0.2236328125, -1.3046875, 1.0546875, 0.75390625, 1.125, -1.09375, -0.7421875, -0.53515625, -0.74609375, -0.71484375, -1.5390625, -0.0272216796875, -1.875, 0.1640625, -0.7578125, -1.71875, -0.2294921875, -0.6171875, -0.04541015625, -0.71484375, 1.84375, 0.01458740234375, 0.0216064453125, 3.078125, -0.416015625, 0.33984375, -0.82421875, -1.125, 1.8359375, 0.5234375, -0.71484375, -0.1474609375, 1.0234375, 1.125, 0.7109375, 0.08154296875, -1.71875, 0.1474609375, 0.6875, -0.1181640625, -1.921875, -1.7890625, -0.142578125, -0.458984375, 1.09375, 0.7265625, 0.478515625, 2.59375, 0.74609375, -1.1953125, 0.33984375, 2.09375, -0.375, 0.5, 0.76171875, -0.1630859375, -2.171875, 0.2421875, 0.9921875, 1.0078125, -0.021728515625, 0.1875, -1.625, 0.234375, 1.2109375, 0.640625, -0.470703125, -0.18359375, 1.5078125, -1.03125, 0.86328125, 1.921875, -0.06298828125, 0.5625, 1.0234375, 0.173828125, -0.80078125, 0.34375, -0.0625, -0.66796875, 1.765625, -0.515625, 0.5234375, 0.93359375, -0.125, 0.34765625, 0.4375, 0.46875, 0.5234375, -1.0390625, -0.296875, -0.06689453125, 0.7109375, 0.376953125, -0.150390625, 0.515625, -0.80859375, 1.59375, 1.203125, 0.458984375, 0.8125, 0.37890625, -0.48828125, 0.04736328125, 0.1298828125, 0.234375, -0.061767578125, -0.002685546875, -1.1640625, -0.75390625, -1.453125, -0.8828125, 1.3515625, -1.5546875, -1.578125, -0.81640625, -0.162109375, 2.1875, 1.0234375, 0.5390625, 0.72265625, 0.302734375, -0.1572265625, 0.859375, 0.1435546875, 0.11962890625, -0.03955078125, -0.70703125, 1.7734375, -1.296875, -0.9296875, -0.890625, -0.11474609375, -0.1552734375, 0.408203125, 0.890625, 0.21484375, 0.73046875, 0.20703125, 1.0234375, 1.125, 0.14453125, -1.5390625, -1.765625, -0.9296875, -0.27734375, 0.984375, -0.318359375, -0.1787109375, 1.875, 1.5546875, 2.34375, -1.609375, -0.0311279296875, 1.7265625, 0.88671875, 0.5546875, -0.58203125, -0.27734375, 1.2109375, -0.388671875, 0.69140625, -0.03076171875, 0.30078125, -1.4609375, -0.49609375, -0.890625, -0.2265625, 1.8515625, -1.109375, -0.0791015625, -0.4453125, -0.6640625, -0.640625, -0.08740234375, 0.46484375, -0.5078125, 1.171875, 0.042724609375, -0.765625, 1, -1.421875, 0.8671875, 0.7890625, -1.921875, 1.046875, 0.267578125, -1.4140625, -0.40625, -0.5859375, -0.703125, -0.09326171875, 0.88671875, -0.4375, 1.53125, 0.515625, -0.10693359375, -0.85546875, -0.392578125, 0.439453125, -2.03125, -1.0859375, 0.6328125, 2.328125, -2.140625, 1.296875, 0.7421875, -0.703125, -0.86328125, 1.8984375, -1.078125, -0.6796875, -1.3203125, 0.326171875, 1.453125, 0.8359375, 0.87890625, -0.076171875, 1.0546875, 0.66796875, -0.291015625, -0.94921875, -0.640625, -0.197265625, -2.359375, -0.326171875, -0.49609375, 0.8828125, -0.56640625, 0.5703125, -0.71484375, 1.84375, -0.98828125, 0.953125, -0.392578125, 0.91015625, -0.890625, 0.1171875, 1.140625, -0.59375, -0.5625, -0.474609375, 1.15625, -0.6796875, -0.82421875, -1.03125, 1.296875, 0.224609375, 3.21875, 0.158203125, -0.9921875, -0.462890625, 0.3125, -2.171875, -0.1337890625, 0.177734375, 0.095703125, 0.7265625, 0.8828125, -0.271484375, 1.71875, -0.07763671875, -0.392578125, 0.5, 0.87109375, 1.3515625, 0.439453125, -0.421875, 0.77734375, -0.1416015625, 0.283203125, 0.0595703125, -0.1708984375, 0.275390625, 1.9765625, 0.25390625, -0.72265625, -0.37890625, 0.5, -0.65625, -0.5, 0.345703125, -1.1875, 1.6796875, 0.953125, -1.3125, 0.224609375, -0.703125, 1.71875, -0.94921875, 0.94140625, -0.0179443359375, 0.796875, 1.1796875, -0.54296875, 1.5, -0.4140625, -1.5234375, 0.5625, 0.39453125, -1.0859375, -1.1328125, -0.1630859375, -1.34375, 0.75, 0.185546875, -0.5546875, -0.34375, -1.2890625, -0.06884765625, 0.4609375, -2.109375, 0.6796875, -0.3828125, 1.234375, 0.140625, 1.4609375, 0.1240234375, 1.921875, -0.1904296875, -0.5546875, -0.96484375, -1.2265625, 0.26953125, -0.90625, 0.0234375, -0.251953125, 0.90625, -0.95703125, -1.34375, -0.3203125, -1.6171875, 0.78125, 0.404296875, -0.16015625, -1.1171875, -0.1953125, -0.494140625, 0.1689453125, -0.4375, 1.0546875, 0.376953125, 0.6796875, -1.5703125, 0.578125, 0.2275390625, -0.1923828125, -1.484375, 0.16015625, 1.6015625, 0.87109375, -0.008056640625, -0.70703125, -0.2001953125, 0.890625, 0.224609375, -0.251953125, -1.3203125, 0.52734375, 1.109375, -0.150390625, 0.57421875, -0.1904296875, 0.2177734375, 1.3515625, -1.234375, 0.765625, 0.39453125, -0.5390625, 0.34765625, 0.353515625, 0.10205078125, -0.369140625, -0.060302734375, -2.46875, -0.1572265625, 0.04736328125, -0.9140625, -0.57421875, -0.224609375, 0.1982421875, 0.123046875, -1.140625, 0.61328125, 0.10400390625, -0.55078125, -1.3125, -0.4296875, 1.5859375, -0.89453125, 0.47265625, -0.703125, 1.359375, 0.75, -0.90234375, 1.875, 0.142578125, 0.58984375, -2.265625, -1.2578125, -0.38671875, -1.3046875, 0.06396484375, -2.046875, 0.0693359375, -0.015625, 0.6484375, -1.7421875, 0.236328125, -0.08837890625, 0.46484375, -0.98046875, 0.53515625, 0.1513671875, 0.5859375, -0.2236328125, 1.453125, 3.09375, 0.19921875, -0.98828125, -0.138671875, -1.640625, -0.68359375, 0.4921875, 0.7578125, 0.1484375, 0.291015625, -0.609375, -0.05712890625, -0.259765625, -0.78515625, -2.4375, 0.7265625, 4.34375, 0.75390625, -0.18359375, 1.2578125, 0.7265625, -0.4921875, 0.2197265625, -2.25, 1.1328125, -0.359375, -1.796875, -0.263671875, 0.71875, -0.59375, -1.4296875, 0.703125, 0.75390625, -1.09375, 0.71484375, -0.48828125, -0.80078125, -0.43359375, -1.078125, 1.2109375, 1.9375, -1.8671875, 1.2265625, -2.171875, 1.6015625, 1.234375, 1.4296875, -0.5234375, -1.7265625, -0.65234375, -0.1484375, 1.0234375, -1.4375, 0.5390625, -1.25, 0.88671875, 0.0625, 0.166015625, 0.515625, 1.203125, -0.35546875, -0.59375, -0.20703125, -0.58203125, 0.205078125, 0.423828125, -0.150390625, -0.45703125, -0.1015625, 0.953125, -0.2294921875, -1.21875, -1.3515625, 0.1728515625, -1.2578125, 0.56640625, -1.0078125, -1.0234375, 0.59765625, 0.17578125, 0.2412109375, -0.64453125, 0.0517578125, -0.48828125, -1.9921875, -0.38671875, -0.64453125, 0.17578125, -0.99609375, -0.349609375, -1.7265625, 1.21875, -0.89453125, -1.0234375, 0.07421875, -0.9296875, -0.453125, -0.9609375, 0.369140625, -1.2578125, 1.578125, 0.8515625, -1.8828125, -1.8203125, -0.70703125, 0.9296875, 0.05224609375, -0.412109375, -0.416015625, -0.9140625, 1.1640625, -0.29296875, -0.08642578125, 1.078125, 1.5390625, 0.6484375, 0.06396484375, 1.5390625, 1.8046875, 1.8828125, 0.859375, -0.0625, 0.396484375, 0.8125, 0.8671875, 0.3828125, -0.087890625, 1.7421875, -1.1171875, -0.9453125, 0.45703125, 0.376953125, -0.09912109375, 0.2490234375, 1.078125, -0.625, -1.1484375, -0.9453125, -0.57421875, 1.4296875, 1.3359375, 2.6875, -0.9296875, 0.09130859375, -0.1240234375, 1.2421875, -0.6796875, -1.2890625, 0.2236328125, 0.0211181640625, -1.625, -0.46484375, 0.921875, 0.46484375, 0.6484375, -0.03759765625, 1.5546875, -1.234375, -0.455078125, 1.015625, 2.75 ]
https://openalex.org/W1536385420
How modern was the market economy of the Roman world?
Peter Temin is a renowned economic historian of the modern world, whose major works include Lessons from the Great Depression (1989) and the co-edited volume The World Economy between the World Wars (2007). Since the start of the millennium, Temin has applied his expertise as an economist and economic historian of the modern world to Roman society, thereby adding his voice to on-going debates about the economy of the Roman world. The book under review covers the Roman market economy under the...
[ -0.9609375, -1.203125, 3.515625, -0.3984375, 0.32421875, -2.765625, -0.99609375, 0.240234375, 0.451171875, -1.203125, 0.2373046875, -0.53515625, 3.125, -0.99609375, 0.50390625, 0.29296875, -1.40625, -2.09375, -2.421875, 0.06396484375, 0.240234375, 0.87890625, -0.60546875, -1.09375, 0.97265625, 1.2578125, 0.291015625, -0.5234375, -0.045166015625, 0.0673828125, 1.0703125, 0.50390625, -1.7109375, 1.1875, 1.4765625, -0.796875, -0.265625, 0.453125, -0.68359375, -0.37890625, 1.59375, 0.341796875, 0.609375, -0.6875, -1.2734375, 0.55859375, 1.3671875, -1.953125, -0.142578125, -0.89453125, -0.0849609375, 0.7265625, 0.2158203125, -1.5625, 0.2734375, 0.439453125, 0.12060546875, 0.27734375, -0.0888671875, 1.453125, 0.2890625, 1.234375, -1.734375, 0.2021484375, 0.4921875, 1.09375, 0.045166015625, -0.72265625, 1.734375, 0.384765625, 0.58984375, -0.25, -1.1015625, 0.208984375, 1.71875, -0.91015625, -0.0869140625, 0.23046875, 1.4609375, 1.546875, 1.9375, 0.208984375, -2.5, 1.3125, -1.03125, -0.5859375, -0.5625, 1.2734375, 0.5078125, 0.47265625, 0.5078125, 0.70703125, 0.2255859375, -0.80078125, 2.484375, -0.00933837890625, 0.58984375, 0.80078125, -1.75, 2, 0.359375, -1.8125, 0.059326171875, 0.26171875, -0.068359375, -0.1328125, -1.1875, -0.431640625, -2.421875, 0.0162353515625, -1.5078125, -1.1328125, -1.125, 0.09326171875, 0.6015625, -2.140625, -0.859375, 0.3046875, -0.53515625, -0.3671875, 0.7265625, -1.9765625, 0.90625, -0.326171875, 0.2001953125, 0.47265625, -1.0546875, -0.30859375, 0.00119781494140625, 0.75, 0.93359375, -0.1884765625, 0.05078125, 0.91015625, 1.6171875, -0.07421875, 2.671875, -0.1259765625, 0.1513671875, 1.96875, 0.53125, 0.08984375, -0.248046875, -1.828125, 0.4453125, -1.1171875, 1.3203125, -0.50390625, 0.15234375, 1.5859375, -1.0234375, -0.33203125, -0.1220703125, 1.5, 0.58984375, 0.5234375, -0.2216796875, 1.046875, -0.99609375, -1.0390625, 1.59375, -0.03564453125, 1.5078125, 1.1171875, 0.6484375, 0.51171875, 0.76171875, -0.80859375, 1.3828125, 0.5625, -0.255859375, 0.439453125, 1.3984375, 0.248046875, 3.046875, -0.9765625, 0.53125, 1.6328125, -0.6484375, -1.203125, -0.28125, 0.1708984375, 0.73828125, -0.490234375, 2.359375, 0.04296875, -1.25, -1.03125, 1.6640625, 2.15625, 1.15625, -1.4375, -0.205078125, 0.8984375, 0.6953125, -2.015625, -0.64453125, -0.439453125, -0.96875, -0.357421875, -1.859375, 0.451171875, 1.9140625, -1.4375, 1.1484375, -0.58984375, -0.296875, 3.203125, 0.197265625, 0.89453125, -1.59375, -0.8515625, 0.83984375, 0.28515625, -0.58203125, -0.3359375, -1.9140625, -0.345703125, -0.66015625, -1.1953125, 0.99609375, 1.1640625, -1.734375, 0.09033203125, -1.0859375, -0.2216796875, 0.66015625, 2.125, -1.15625, -0.890625, 1.546875, 0.734375, -0.29296875, 0.90625, -0.439453125, -0.78515625, 0.154296875, -0.0654296875, 1.7421875, -1.2109375, 0.15234375, -0.173828125, 1.640625, 0.890625, 2.328125, -0.455078125, 1.3203125, 0.232421875, -0.08642578125, 0.09521484375, -0.3125, -0.416015625, -1.1875, -1.359375, 1.5625, -1.609375, -1.734375, 1.90625, 1.109375, -0.74609375, 1.2421875, 0.63671875, -1.1328125, -1.6328125, -0.05419921875, -0.55078125, 0.90625, -1.5234375, -0.50390625, -0.267578125, -0.5546875, -1.3671875, -1.265625, 0.8203125, 0.259765625, 1.1953125, -1.25, -0.07861328125, 0.6875, -0.93359375, -3.390625, -1.2265625, -0.48046875, 0.361328125, 0.93359375, 0.25390625, 0.11376953125, 1.5703125, -1.4453125, 0.79296875, -0.314453125, -0.002227783203125, -1.8203125, -1.171875, -0.310546875, -1.21875, -0.97265625, -0.5859375, 1.1796875, 0.796875, 1.484375, 2.046875, -1.4140625, 1.546875, 2.203125, -1.09375, -1.75, -0.69140625, 1.0390625, -0.380859375, -1.328125, -0.65234375, -1.765625, -0.1669921875, -0.34375, -1.25, -0.251953125, -1.578125, -0.16015625, -0.46875, 0.80859375, -0.208984375, -1.234375, -2.5625, -2.5625, 0.421875, -1.6015625, -0.29296875, -0.6796875, -0.55078125, -1.1796875, 0.24609375, 0.62890625, -0.80078125, -1.1875, 0.318359375, 1.265625, -1.015625, 1.84375, 0.7109375, -0.470703125, -1.5703125, -0.134765625, 1.03125, -0.443359375, 0.390625, 1.2734375, 0.28125, -0.2490234375, -2.171875, -0.349609375, -2.109375, -0.482421875, -0.439453125, -2.125, 1.84375, 1.28125, -1.0625, -0.68359375, -0.07666015625, -0.2275390625, 0.173828125, -0.2294921875, 0.90234375, 1.625, -1.0078125, -0.58984375, 0.58203125, -1.8515625, -1.6875, 0.349609375, -0.64453125, -1.5546875, 2.640625, -1.21875, -0.12451171875, -1.8046875, -1.265625, 1.046875, -0.16015625, -1.09375, -0.9921875, 0.5078125, -0.796875, 1.171875, 0.52734375, 0.50390625, -2.28125, -0.68359375, 3.140625, -1.015625, -0.89453125, -2.359375, -0.43359375, 0.294921875, 0.01275634765625, -0.10205078125, -1.0234375, -0.765625, -1.3671875, 1.359375, 0.6875, 1.546875, -2.09375, -1.015625, -0.57421875, -2.046875, -0.37890625, -1.15625, 0.006256103515625, -1.7109375, 0.1826171875, -0.875, -1.0625, 0.291015625, 0.71484375, -1.640625, -1.9140625, -2.4375, -0.6328125, -0.55859375, 0.28125, -0.63671875, -1, 1.3984375, 0.357421875, -0.90625, 2.84375, -1.0625, 0.55859375, 0.1328125, -1.0859375, 0.5625, -2.78125, -0.64453125, -1.015625, 1.1484375, 0.6640625, -1.5703125, -0.2041015625, 1.78125, -0.416015625, 0.796875, 3.171875, 1.765625, -0.43359375, 0.392578125, 0.375, 0.421875, 0.86328125, -0.640625, -1.1796875, -0.54296875, -0.859375, -0.1865234375, 1.03125, -1.828125, 0.0205078125, -1.046875, -0.578125, 0.73828125, -1.1171875, 2, -0.765625, 0.2314453125, 0.453125, 0.400390625, 1.2890625, 0.361328125, 0.94140625, 0.138671875, -0.013427734375, -0.67578125, -0.00506591796875, -1.7421875, -0.8125, 0.41015625, 1.1953125, -0.2578125, -0.85546875, 1.203125, 0.318359375, -1.8046875, -1.109375, 0.053466796875, -0.6328125, 0.03076171875, 0.7421875, 0.10546875, 0.53125, 0.375, -1.1640625, 1.03125, -0.78515625, 0.6640625, -0.578125, 0.86328125, -1.1875, -0.32421875, -0.287109375, -0.02001953125, -1.015625, -3.828125, -0.3515625, -1.015625, 2.296875, -1.234375, -0.87890625, 1.28125, 1.25, -0.1337890625, 2.375, -1.9375, 1.40625, 0.5390625, -0.65625, 0.0218505859375, -0.9375, 0.361328125, -1.953125, 1.71875, 0.9453125, 1.296875, -1.484375, 0.94140625, 0.54296875, 2.015625, -0.98046875, 2.390625, -0.625, -0.2275390625, 1.3359375, -0.0947265625, 0.421875, -1.078125, 0.62109375, 0.51171875, 0.30859375, 3.71875, 0.69140625, -0.5703125, -0.24609375, -1.140625, 0.82421875, 0.640625, 2.546875, -1.4921875, 2.734375, -0.83984375, 0.053955078125, -1.4296875, 0.625, -1.609375, 0.271484375, -0.1376953125, -0.5234375, -0.4609375, -0.671875, 1.2421875, -2.140625, -0.984375, -2.078125, 0.373046875, 1.3203125, 0.78515625, 0.62109375, -0.2236328125, -1.6328125, 2.59375, -0.5546875, 1.40625, -1.4296875, -0.84765625, 0.1220703125, 1.7734375, -0.470703125, -0.94921875, -0.4140625, -1.3203125, -1, 0.77734375, -0.34765625, -1.2265625, 1.9453125, 0.1484375, 2.3125, -0.30859375, -0.10595703125, 0.078125, -2.296875, -0.93359375, 0.435546875, -0.609375, -0.4765625, 2.515625, 1.96875, 1.90625, -0.322265625, 0.6171875, 0.56640625, -0.9609375, 1.3046875, 1.921875, 0.69921875, 1.328125, 0.053955078125, -1.5703125, -1.375, -0.2138671875, 0.400390625, 0.34375, -1.1171875, 1.2265625, 0.95703125, -1.53125, -1.7109375, 0.1298828125, -1.171875, 2.125, 0.76171875, 0.65234375, -0.76171875, 1.140625, 0.875, -1.5546875, -1.1875, 0.6484375, -0.98046875, 1.2109375, 0.421875, -1.5390625, -0.78125, -0.9375, -2.78125, 0.0301513671875, 0.6796875, -0.96875, -0.98828125, 0.294921875, -0.92578125, 1.203125, 0.169921875, 1.8125, 1.0703125, 0.11328125, 0.7109375, -0.9140625, -0.80078125, -0.0810546875, 0.7265625, -2.328125, 0.9296875, -0.13671875, -0.21875, 0.65234375, -0.37890625, -2.390625, 0.78515625, -0.921875, 0.98046875, -0.46875, 0.1416015625, -0.189453125, 0.25390625, 0.283203125, -0.30859375, 0.90625, 0.91796875, -0.63671875, 1.140625, 0.380859375, -1.5546875, -0.7734375, 1.328125, -0.1328125, -0.306640625, -1.328125, 0.71484375, -0.8671875, 1.703125, 1.765625, -1.046875, 0.5703125, -1.4453125, 0.59765625, -1.3046875, -0.3203125, 0.99609375, -0.18359375, 0.8359375, -0.52734375, -0.000804901123046875, 0.35546875, -1.265625, 1.2265625, 0.51171875, -0.90234375, 0.0120849609375, -0.1708984375, -0.8203125, -0.09912109375, -0.6640625, 0.953125, 0.2353515625, 0.2421875, 0.19140625, -0.1796875, 0.76171875, -0.48046875, 0.91796875, -2.75, 0.0947265625, 0.1904296875, 1.046875, 0.478515625, -0.57421875, -0.484375, 0.2333984375, -1.9921875, 0.5390625, -0.2109375, 0.9140625, -0.5078125, -0.349609375, -1.1875, -1.84375, 1.5546875, -0.1025390625, -2.15625, -0.609375, -2.25, -1.6953125, -0.115234375, -0.375, 1.3671875, 0.4609375, 1.6328125, 1.34375, 3.796875, -0.328125, 0.353515625, 2.671875, 0.314453125, 1.3515625, 0.341796875, 0.1083984375, -0.388671875, -2.015625, 2.140625, 1.5078125, 1.671875, -0.2001953125, 1.453125, 1.1328125, -1.3359375, 0.4140625, -3.21875, 0.71875, 0.984375, 0.099609375, 0.30859375, -2.109375, -0.1474609375, -0.302734375, 0.8125, 1.046875, -0.004669189453125, -0.1015625, -0.7109375, 1.3125, 0.26953125, -1.65625, 1.4140625, 0.298828125, -0.6328125, 2, 2.375, -0.6328125, 0.50390625, 0.158203125, -0.59375, -1.46875, -1.9453125, 0.3671875, -1.3828125, -1.1796875, -0.28515625, -0.6953125, 0.828125, 1.3515625, -2.25, -2.015625, -0.349609375, -0.51171875, 2.265625, -0.6484375, -0.75390625, 1.6015625, -1.21875, -0.51171875, 1.8515625, 1.46875, 1.3671875, 1.765625, -0.2353515625, 1.5390625, -1.2109375, -0.98828125, -1.921875, 1.3828125, 0.341796875, 0.009521484375, 4.53125, 0.68359375, 0.357421875, 0.11962890625, 0.46484375, 0.1396484375, -1.4765625, 0.58984375, 1.5703125, 0.43359375, 0.80078125, -0.90625, 0.1572265625, -0.96484375, 0.7421875, -1.3515625, -1.203125, 0.1787109375, -2.640625, -2.1875, -0.890625, -1.859375, 2.34375, 0.6796875, -0.3359375, 0.8515625, 1.3359375, 3.46875, -0.1689453125, 2.359375, 2.125, 0.1826171875, -0.76953125, 0.2265625, -1.9296875, 0.0810546875, -1.03125, 0.2060546875, -2.171875, -1.3125, 1.3828125, -1.4375, -0.77734375, -1.4375, 0.97265625, 0.162109375, 0.640625, 0.84765625, 1.4921875, 0.921875, 0.9609375, 1.6640625, -0.322265625, -0.19140625, -0.44140625, -1.0625, -0.8359375, 0.97265625, -1.1328125, 0.025390625, -0.05859375, 1.453125, 2.640625, -2.984375, -1.34375, -3.359375, -1.5546875, 1.890625, -1.375, -0.00174713134765625, 0.322265625, 1.1328125, -2.53125, -2.09375, 0.064453125, 1.8671875, -1.515625, 0.236328125, -1.0546875, 0.39453125, -1.6875, -0.671875, -0.671875, 1.6796875, -1, -0.64453125, 0.251953125, 0.357421875, -0.4765625, 0.099609375, -1.2734375, 1.625, -1.0859375, -0.96484375, -0.4375, -1.34375, 1.53125, 1.3046875, -1.265625, -1.609375, -0.9609375, -1.234375, 0.1318359375, -1.8046875, -0.5625, -1.15625, -1.078125, 0.040283203125, 1.234375, 0.1845703125, 1.3359375, 0.146484375, 1.265625, 1.90625, 0.2392578125, 1.1484375, -0.39453125, 0.1337890625, -0.91796875, 1.375, -0.5703125, -2.3125, -1.4609375, -0.197265625, -0.08447265625, -0.9140625, 2.4375, 0.78125, -0.75390625, -0.09716796875, -0.453125, 1.1015625, 1.2109375, 1.6640625, 1.5546875, 1.2578125, 0.408203125, -1.5546875, 0.6640625, 1.03125, -0.2412109375, -1.140625, 1.1796875, 0.6875, 1.3046875, -1.7421875, 1.28125, -0.55859375, 0.1396484375, 0.84765625, -2.390625, -0.1796875, 1.1796875, -0.09716796875, -0.09228515625, 1.5078125, 0.50390625, -0.625, -0.83203125, -0.68359375, -1.3515625, -0.515625, 0.87109375, 1.328125, 1.0390625, -1.1328125, -0.48828125, 0.32421875, 1.4609375, -0.76171875, -1.5625, 0.91796875, 0.62890625, 1.2265625, -0.439453125, 0.01080322265625, -0.75390625, -1.109375, 0.9765625, -0.057861328125, 0.0228271484375, -1.7734375, 0.12109375, -1.1640625, -0.77734375, 0.244140625, -0.21875, 0.5703125, 0.04736328125, -1.578125, 0.65234375, -0.89453125, 1.828125, -1.21875, -0.2470703125, -0.0311279296875, -0.412109375, -1.0390625, -0.57421875, 0.6171875, -0.9921875, 0.75, -0.427734375, -1.390625, 0.98046875, 0.453125, -0.609375, 3.75, -1.8671875, -1.171875, -2.203125, 2.5625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1536563709
Comparison of molecular abnormalities in bronchial brushings and tumor touch preparations
BACKGROUND Preneoplastic lung lesions and early-stage lung carcinomas are associated with molecular abnormalities. The authors performed a pilot study to evaluate the use of DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes to ascertain whether these biomarkers can predict nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). METHODS Fourteen bronchial brushings ipsilateral to the tumor (BB/Ts), tumor touch imprints, and touch imprints of the bronchus adjacent to the tumor obtained from 15 patients with early-stage NSCLC were analyzed. The LAVysion multicolor probe set consisting of probes to 5p15, 6, 7p12, and 8q2 and the in-house probes 3p22.1 and 10q22 was used. Using the LAVysion multicolor probe set, 25 epithelial cells were counted and considered positive if > 5 cells were abnormal. Using 3p22.1 and 10q22, ≥ 100 nuclei per slide were scored. The results were tabulated as the percentage of cells with deletions compared with the centromeric probes 3 and 10. Greater than 2% of the deletions were positive for 3p22.1 and 10q22. Bronchial washings from patients without lung tumors were used as controls. RESULTS The BB/Ts were negative for malignant cells by cytologic evaluation and the LAVysion probe set; however, the combined in-house probes for 3p22.1 and 10q22 tested on BB/Ts predicted cancer in 100% of cancer patients. FISH positivity in the lung cancers was 100% for 3p22.1 deletions, 79% for 10q22 deletions, and 57% for LAVysion probes. When compared with the bronchial epithelium, tumor cells showed a 3.7-fold excess of 3p22.1 deletions, a 2-fold excess of 10q22 deletions, and a 12.6-fold excess of abnormal cells. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicated that detection of molecular abnormalities in bronchial epithelial cells via FISH was very useful in identifying patients at high risk for developing lung carcinoma. The molecular abnormalities identified in the BB/Ts were detected at elevated levels in the tumor specimens. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
[ -0.45703125, 0.119140625, 0.66015625, 0.482421875, 0.259765625, -0.5234375, -0.0869140625, 1.8359375, 0.298828125, -0.150390625, -0.671875, 0.197265625, 1.765625, -0.2451171875, 1.765625, 1.125, 0.66015625, -0.1494140625, 1.609375, -0.7109375, -1.296875, -0.404296875, -1.296875, 0.82421875, 0.5625, 0.0289306640625, -0.90625, -0.4921875, 0.38671875, 0.71875, 0.71875, 1.9921875, -1.140625, -0.58984375, 1.0078125, -0.265625, -0.490234375, -0.1962890625, 1, -1.21875, -0.69921875, -0.439453125, 1.171875, -0.6953125, 0.271484375, 1.3359375, -1.6171875, -0.71875, -0.1953125, -0.7421875, 0.49609375, 0.015625, 0.0986328125, -0.66015625, -1.2890625, 0.62109375, -1.359375, 0.49609375, 0.5390625, -0.004669189453125, -0.408203125, -0.08984375, 1.5703125, 0.267578125, 1.3203125, -0.83984375, -0.63671875, -0.294921875, 0.031494140625, 0.15625, 0.5625, 0.546875, 1.1328125, -0.439453125, 0.2578125, 1.0859375, -0.296875, 0.96875, 0.75, 0.80859375, 1.2421875, -1.453125, 0.390625, 0.458984375, -2.421875, 1.703125, 0.56640625, 1.9296875, 0.32421875, 1.1953125, -0.83203125, -0.07373046875, 0.328125, 0.57421875, -0.9765625, 0.703125, -0.267578125, -0.8125, -0.7421875, 0.396484375, -1.046875, -0.1728515625, -0.83984375, -1.4765625, 0.255859375, 0.103515625, -0.498046875, 0.333984375, -0.1484375, 0.80078125, 0.51953125, -0.609375, -0.057861328125, 2.46875, 0.30859375, 0.578125, -0.984375, 0.57421875, 0.0260009765625, -0.1591796875, -0.193359375, -1.5703125, -0.62109375, 0.8984375, 1.3046875, 0.57421875, -1.2578125, 0.8125, -0.1005859375, -1.1953125, 0.70703125, 0.51171875, -0.4140625, 0.310546875, 1.0234375, 0.474609375, 0.56640625, 1.78125, 0.2138671875, -0.0517578125, 0.65625, 1.25, 0.44921875, 0.408203125, -0.8125, -1.4296875, 0.435546875, 0.2392578125, -0.8671875, 1.0859375, -1.203125, -0.69140625, -0.2451171875, 2.0625, 0.96875, 0.5546875, -0.24609375, 1.3125, 0.41796875, 0.1748046875, 1.390625, -0.984375, 0.326171875, -0.232421875, 0.396484375, -0.1884765625, 0.6328125, 0.0341796875, 0.38671875, -0.2412109375, 0.19140625, -0.51171875, -1.5546875, -0.1923828125, 0.5390625, -0.021484375, -1.234375, 0.9140625, -0.55859375, -0.28515625, 0.12158203125, 1.8828125, -0.84375, 0.419921875, 1.71875, 1.890625, -0.296875, -0.12353515625, -0.98828125, 1.2421875, -0.06982421875, -2.578125, -2.59375, 0.6171875, 0.0177001953125, -0.95703125, 0.0150146484375, 0.396484375, -0.423828125, -1.046875, -1.28125, 1.03125, 0.9453125, 0.171875, 0.1103515625, -1.03125, 1.4453125, 0.4140625, 0.328125, -0.27734375, -1.3515625, -1.2421875, -0.0927734375, -0.1884765625, -1.5546875, 0.29296875, -0.09521484375, 2.125, -0.55078125, -1.2421875, 1.28125, 0.275390625, -0.1728515625, -0.205078125, 0.263671875, -0.4609375, 0.11083984375, 1.765625, 0.6484375, 0.482421875, 0.00439453125, -0.94921875, -0.765625, -1.015625, -0.796875, 0.8359375, 0.1953125, 0.11083984375, 0.1611328125, -0.9453125, 0.341796875, 0.041748046875, -0.1962890625, 1.5625, 1.296875, -0.80859375, 0.9921875, -0.2734375, 0.3671875, 0.2294921875, 1.4765625, -0.35546875, -0.64453125, 0.02099609375, -0.271484375, -0.4140625, -0.81640625, 0.92578125, 0.796875, -0.2021484375, -0.546875, 0.55078125, -0.48828125, 0.9609375, -0.76953125, -1.1171875, -0.6171875, -1.0078125, -0.142578125, 0.353515625, -1.046875, -0.126953125, -0.43359375, -0.6875, 0.46875, -0.177734375, -0.12451171875, -0.90625, -0.7109375, -0.265625, -0.1494140625, -1.265625, -0.003692626953125, -0.30078125, 1.2421875, 0.388671875, 0.40625, 0.99609375, -0.78515625, -1.25, -0.8125, -1.5625, -0.53125, 0.64453125, -0.546875, -0.3125, 1.4609375, 1.34375, 0.1015625, -0.37109375, 0.0830078125, 0.62890625, -0.8203125, -0.7734375, 0.90234375, -1.3984375, -0.3046875, 0.6640625, -0.81640625, 1.6953125, 0.515625, 0.7109375, -0.8203125, 0.7265625, -0.294921875, -0.2392578125, 0.609375, 0.1767578125, 1.78125, -0.9140625, 0.15234375, 0.04248046875, 1.53125, 0.953125, 0.2177734375, -1.0546875, 0.8046875, -0.921875, -0.92578125, 0.036376953125, 1.2109375, -0.00799560546875, 2.15625, -0.1806640625, -0.6640625, 1.46875, -0.50390625, 0.48828125, 0.6953125, -0.2578125, 1.359375, -0.2412109375, -0.953125, -2.34375, 1.0234375, -0.40234375, -0.82421875, -1.296875, 1.203125, -1.4140625, 0.76171875, 0.6640625, 1.140625, -0.84765625, -1.203125, 0.89453125, 2.078125, -0.8359375, 0.44140625, 0.69140625, -1.5078125, -0.39453125, 0.1923828125, 0.703125, -0.7421875, 0.44921875, 0.73046875, 0.50390625, -1.6328125, -0.482421875, 0.58984375, -1.4453125, -0.5703125, -0.193359375, 1.7890625, 1.2109375, -1.609375, -1.03125, -1.0546875, 1.375, -0.349609375, -0.470703125, -0.349609375, -0.33203125, 0.890625, 1.34375, 0.890625, -0.052490234375, -0.28515625, 1.046875, 1.2109375, 0.255859375, -2.109375, 0.10986328125, -0.328125, 0.1572265625, 1.984375, -1.015625, -0.8046875, -0.80859375, -0.061279296875, -0.3984375, 0.5546875, 0.44140625, -1.46875, -1.546875, -1.25, 0.58984375, 0.33984375, 0.06689453125, -0.08154296875, -0.357421875, -0.1875, 0.333984375, 0.45703125, 0.6640625, 0.7265625, -0.67578125, -0.447265625, -0.2001953125, 1.875, -1.3828125, -0.033935546875, -2.125, -1.359375, -0.189453125, 0.02880859375, 1.3984375, -0.068359375, 0.0284423828125, -0.4609375, -0.50390625, 0.328125, 0.49609375, 0.296875, 0.1611328125, 0.5546875, 1.21875, -0.80078125, 0.5, 0.60546875, 1.7890625, -0.546875, -0.8125, 1.4453125, 1.140625, 0.2060546875, -0.95703125, -0.4140625, -0.1240234375, -0.5078125, -1.015625, -1.1484375, -0.357421875, 0.109375, 0.23046875, -0.1865234375, 0.125, 1.21875, -0.91796875, -0.310546875, -0.87109375, 0.3671875, -0.28125, -0.23046875, 0.51171875, 0.96484375, 0.0927734375, -1.09375, 0.177734375, 2.390625, -0.5859375, 1.015625, 1.5703125, 0.11962890625, -0.126953125, -0.890625, 0.75390625, 0.859375, 1.578125, 0.9453125, 0.1591796875, -0.1328125, 0.36328125, 0.02099609375, 0.474609375, 0.177734375, -0.7421875, -0.09521484375, -1.2265625, 1.046875, -0.2001953125, -0.07080078125, 0.4296875, 2.34375, 0.859375, -0.37890625, 1.3515625, -0.7734375, 0.68359375, -0.515625, -1.40625, -1.3984375, 0.57421875, 0.404296875, 0.44921875, -0.443359375, -0.59375, -2.984375, 0.78515625, 0.4453125, 2.890625, -1.6953125, -1.375, -0.46875, -0.00274658203125, 0.625, 0.49609375, -0.60546875, -1.2734375, -0.142578125, 0.2578125, -0.95703125, -0.03759765625, 1.71875, 0.79296875, 0.11572265625, 0.486328125, 0.6875, -1.25, 0.27734375, 1.734375, 0.181640625, 1.6953125, -0.515625, -1.1796875, 0.74609375, 1.3125, -0.000690460205078125, -1.1328125, -2.046875, 0.5546875, -1.71875, 0.09521484375, 2.546875, -0.140625, 0.177734375, 1.3515625, -0.98046875, -0.9765625, -0.06982421875, 0.828125, -0.68359375, -0.2451171875, -1.09375, 0.08154296875, -1.1015625, -1.703125, 0.2177734375, -1.4296875, 0.012451171875, -1.3984375, 0.1806640625, 0.23046875, -0.19140625, 0.439453125, -0.2275390625, 0.58203125, -0.90234375, 0.62890625, -0.1318359375, -0.87890625, -0.640625, 0.51953125, 0.81640625, 0.58203125, -1.875, -0.88671875, 0.66796875, -0.515625, -0.16796875, -0.41796875, 0.462890625, 1.578125, -0.703125, 0.69921875, 0.333984375, -0.8828125, 0.2734375, -0.69140625, -1.65625, -0.2021484375, 0.703125, -0.55078125, 0.203125, 0.39453125, 1.2890625, 0.056640625, 0.44921875, 0.427734375, 0.41796875, 0.2080078125, 0.365234375, -0.126953125, -0.99609375, -0.62109375, -0.1474609375, 0.53515625, 1.0546875, 0.92578125, -0.77734375, -0.2177734375, 0.48828125, 0.7578125, 0.03955078125, -0.48046875, 0.58984375, 0.16015625, -0.423828125, 0.39453125, -1.0078125, -0.443359375, -1.1328125, 1.5, -1.1953125, -0.11279296875, 1.25, -1.4453125, 0.55078125, 0.609375, 0.041748046875, 0.83984375, -0.80859375, -0.56640625, -1.6796875, -1.6015625, -2.671875, 1.640625, 1.34375, -0.70703125, 0.63671875, 1.0625, 1.328125, -0.6015625, 0.90625, 1.078125, -0.470703125, -0.3515625, 1.21875, 2.109375, -2.359375, 1.296875, -0.71484375, -0.271484375, 0.296875, 1.7890625, -1.4453125, 0.0458984375, 0.408203125, -1.859375, 1.125, 0.162109375, -0.70703125, -0.166015625, -0.328125, 0.578125, 0.2001953125, -0.244140625, -0.4765625, 0.2236328125, -1.8828125, -0.53515625, -0.82421875, 1.0390625, -0.88671875, -0.5, -0.65625, 1.3984375, 0.1396484375, 1.1640625, 0.20703125, 0.0693359375, 0.2333984375, 0.1650390625, 0.083984375, -0.97265625, -0.8203125, -0.66015625, -0.004730224609375, -0.38671875, 0.93359375, 0.65234375, 1.3828125, -0.2041015625, 0.6640625, 0.1787109375, 0.2099609375, 0.9296875, -0.380859375, -1.7890625, -0.29296875, -0.6328125, 2.265625, 0.40625, 1.0625, -0.875, 1.6328125, 0.4375, -1.2265625, 0.1962890625, 0.6875, -0.36328125, -0.796875, 0.7890625, 0.765625, 0.298828125, 1.296875, 1.2421875, -0.453125, 0.1337890625, 0.030029296875, -1.390625, -0.193359375, -0.078125, 0.19140625, -1.3515625, -0.65625, 0.62890625, -1.3359375, 0.5390625, 0.609375, -1.3671875, 1.2734375, -0.84765625, -0.6875, -0.330078125, -0.041748046875, 0.251953125, -0.20703125, 1.375, -0.50390625, 1.375, -0.80859375, 0.73046875, 0.06298828125, 0.185546875, 0.7265625, -1.828125, -0.3203125, -1.1484375, -0.0029754638671875, -1.125, -1.1328125, 1.3203125, 0.02099609375, -0.09814453125, -0.408203125, 0.029052734375, 0.1669921875, -0.8125, 0.130859375, -0.328125, 0.5546875, -0.546875, 0.0625, 0.08154296875, 0.173828125, -0.734375, 0.06884765625, 0.330078125, -0.322265625, -0.87890625, -1.2734375, 1.140625, -0.28125, 0.236328125, 0.69140625, 0.11181640625, 0.478515625, -0.2255859375, -1.1796875, -0.392578125, -0.330078125, -1.359375, -2.0625, -0.41796875, 0.2578125, -0.52734375, -1.4609375, -1.0234375, 0.2578125, 0.59765625, -0.29296875, 0.6796875, -0.5078125, 0.46875, -0.23046875, 0.35546875, -0.10498046875, -0.79296875, 0.20703125, -0.265625, 0.0380859375, 0.3671875, -0.609375, 1.390625, 0.275390625, 0.462890625, -1.5703125, -0.66015625, 0.94921875, -0.765625, 0.171875, 0.54296875, -0.279296875, 1.7109375, -0.08984375, -0.373046875, 1.703125, -0.53125, -0.431640625, 0.7265625, -0.80078125, 0.73828125, 0.498046875, -0.859375, -0.376953125, 0.31640625, -1.5234375, -0.3203125, -0.3828125, -0.76171875, -0.71484375, 0.310546875, 1.296875, -0.48046875, -0.6171875, 0.00982666015625, 1.0625, -1.109375, 0.41796875, 1.1953125, 1.9609375, 0.515625, -1.390625, -0.259765625, -1.3984375, 0.37890625, -0.28125, -0.5390625, 0.72265625, -0.61328125, -1.625, -1.3203125, 0.140625, 0.0216064453125, -1.21875, -1.234375, -0.1982421875, -0.419921875, 0.86328125, -0.478515625, 1.6328125, 2.140625, 0.65625, -0.275390625, -2.109375, 0.6875, -0.35546875, 0.056884765625, 0.57421875, -0.62890625, 0.40625, 0.9921875, 1, -0.126953125, -0.60546875, -1.2421875, -0.212890625, 2.546875, 0.1396484375, -0.80859375, -2.171875, -0.1591796875, 1.1015625, -1.2734375, -0.404296875, 1, -0.8984375, -0.453125, 0.92578125, 0.228515625, -0.5703125, -1.03125, -0.318359375, 1.3046875, -0.1796875, -1.171875, -1.359375, 0.494140625, 0.330078125, -1.6328125, 0.431640625, 1.3125, -0.032470703125, -0.03369140625, -0.71484375, -1.0546875, -0.0224609375, 0.49609375, 0.10546875, 0.47265625, 0.271484375, 0.333984375, 1.484375, -1.453125, 1.609375, 0.44921875, 0.7734375, -0.74609375, -0.6328125, 0.6328125, 0.05908203125, -0.216796875, -0.39453125, 1.0703125, -1.140625, 0.1884765625, 0.11083984375, -0.578125, -1.9609375, 0.306640625, -0.056640625, -1.203125, -1.8515625, -1.0234375, 0.486328125, -0.72265625, 1.234375, -0.7109375, -0.435546875, 0.298828125, 1.8125, -0.12451171875, -0.19921875, 1.109375, -1.1875, 0.038330078125, 1.265625, -1.5625, -0.462890625, -0.54296875, 0.333984375, 0.87109375, 0.314453125, -0.7265625, -0.6796875, 0.42578125, -0.384765625, 0.007537841796875, -0.390625, 0.3515625, -0.049072265625, 0.88671875, 0.45703125, -0.80859375, -0.9609375, 0.89453125, -0.162109375, -0.189453125, 0.1640625, 0.263671875, -0.890625, -0.08203125, 0.84765625, 0.330078125, -0.01251220703125, -0.7734375, 0.02294921875, -0.62109375, 0.427734375, 0.76171875, 0.53125, -0.416015625, -0.326171875, 0.78515625, 1.1484375, 1.1640625, 0.859375, 0.16796875, 0.765625, -1.2421875, 0.486328125, -0.0024871826171875, -0.1845703125, 0.2060546875, -0.224609375, -0.283203125, 0.7734375, -0.279296875, -1.953125, -0.8125, 0.66796875, 0.9375, 1.6171875, 0.201171875, -0.43359375, 0.490234375, 0.94921875, -0.046142578125, -0.38671875, 0.578125, -0.3125, -1.6640625, 1.3359375, -0.95703125, 0.97265625, -0.5625, 0.443359375, 0.28125, -1.796875, -1.0625, -0.79296875, 1.6015625 ]
https://openalex.org/W1536753671
Determination of genome sizes of Rickettsia spp. within the spotted fever group, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
The chromosome lengths of six spotted fever group Rickettsia species (Rickettsia rickettsii, R. conorii, R. rhipicephali, R. sibirica, R. australis, and R. akari) were estimated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The genome size of R. rickettsii was about 2,100 kb, but the chromosome lengths of the five other species were, surprisingly, much lower and ranged between 1,200 and 1,300 kb.
[ -1.1796875, -0.259765625, 1.2734375, 0.73828125, 0.1337890625, -2.25, -1.2578125, 0.765625, 0.306640625, -0.59375, -1.4296875, -0.9453125, 1.859375, -0.29296875, 1.6953125, 0.984375, -0.00921630859375, 1.125, 0.35546875, 0.333984375, -1.2421875, 0.546875, -0.8828125, 0.318359375, 1.6484375, 0.2236328125, 1.8359375, -0.81640625, 0.953125, 0.7734375, 0.1640625, 2.0625, -1.3671875, -1.546875, 1.21875, 0.47265625, 1.90625, 0.51953125, -0.546875, 2.203125, -0.12255859375, -0.42578125, 1.171875, -1.4453125, 0.1953125, 0.5, -1.0390625, 0.12255859375, -1.0234375, -1, 0.1142578125, 0.375, 0.193359375, -0.58984375, 0.9375, -0.197265625, -1.9140625, -0.828125, 0.455078125, -1.3984375, 0.3203125, -0.984375, 0.33984375, 0.126953125, -0.1796875, 1.0703125, -1.1328125, -0.84765625, -0.345703125, 0.341796875, 0.353515625, 0.48828125, 0.78515625, -0.10546875, 0.1484375, 0.439453125, 0.4375, -0.6640625, 0.56640625, 2.34375, -0.53515625, 0.15625, -1.484375, -0.115234375, -1.53125, 2.296875, -0.388671875, 1.65625, 0.171875, -0.1357421875, -1.296875, 0.94140625, 0.265625, -0.462890625, -0.296875, -0.58984375, 0.09521484375, -0.043701171875, 0.9453125, 0.66015625, -2.140625, -0.50390625, -0.85546875, -0.58984375, 0.7421875, 1.2109375, -0.99609375, -0.8125, -0.130859375, -0.296875, -0.85546875, 0.4140625, -0.318359375, 1.09375, 0.515625, -0.322265625, -0.78125, 1.015625, 1.3046875, 0.61328125, 0.345703125, 0.283203125, 1.328125, 0.71875, 1.3359375, -1.203125, -1.8984375, -0.41796875, 1.296875, -0.67578125, 0.2431640625, -0.1337890625, 0.828125, -0.94921875, 0.337890625, -0.69921875, -2.375, 0.2177734375, 1.6171875, 1.1328125, 1.21875, 0.55859375, -1.09375, -0.103515625, -0.23828125, 0.6015625, 0.1875, -0.333984375, 0.859375, -0.0888671875, 1.1015625, -1.7265625, -0.203125, 0.6015625, -0.376953125, 1.140625, 0.056640625, -0.3984375, -0.73046875, 0.77734375, -0.3984375, 0.0625, 1.4296875, 0.09228515625, 0.50390625, 0.921875, -0.6640625, 1.171875, 0.041748046875, -1.421875, -1.0390625, -0.02392578125, 0.79296875, 0.71875, -0.9140625, -0.84375, -0.29296875, 1.4140625, -0.470703125, -2.234375, -0.56640625, 2.21875, -2.203125, 0.062255859375, 0.73828125, 0.7265625, -0.81640625, 0.546875, -0.36328125, 1.9453125, 0.2373046875, -0.36328125, -1.515625, 0.9296875, 0.458984375, 1.46875, -0.94921875, 0.291015625, -0.76171875, -2.265625, -1.1875, 1, 1.3671875, -1.4765625, 0.423828125, -0.61328125, 1.4140625, 0.45703125, 0.90625, -0.5625, -0.67578125, -1.1875, -0.478515625, 0.302734375, -0.07958984375, 1.109375, 0.09521484375, 1.34375, -0.43359375, -1.171875, 0.1328125, 1.4609375, -1.65625, -1.0078125, 0.65625, -1.828125, 0.1708984375, 1.6015625, -0.2421875, 1.0546875, -0.0341796875, -0.59375, -0.84765625, 0.1708984375, -2.34375, -0.828125, -0.5390625, 1.171875, 3.09375, 0.81640625, -0.28515625, -0.0224609375, -0.031005859375, 1.140625, 1.8984375, -0.345703125, 3.671875, 0.62890625, 0.76171875, 0.498046875, 0.1953125, -2.140625, -1.140625, 0.93359375, -0.73828125, -0.0341796875, 0.19921875, 0.8984375, -1.5546875, -1.2265625, 0.2265625, -0.1845703125, -2.234375, 0.03759765625, -1.53125, 0.3046875, -2.078125, -1.53125, -1.421875, 0.39453125, -1.1484375, -0.96875, -0.55078125, -0.2216796875, -0.052734375, 1.4765625, 0.5703125, -1.625, 0.1796875, -0.546875, -1.28125, 1.0859375, 0.75, -0.86328125, 2.703125, -0.66796875, 1.40625, 0.98828125, -0.921875, 0.78515625, -1.515625, -1.125, -1.328125, -0.012939453125, -0.197265625, -1.9140625, 0.49609375, 0.271484375, 0.087890625, 0.78515625, 1.7890625, -0.68359375, -0.53125, -1.0234375, 1.3046875, -1.078125, 0.2373046875, -0.439453125, -0.2412109375, 0.9140625, -1.0078125, 3.515625, -1.4375, 1.828125, 0.92578125, -0.09716796875, -0.00714111328125, -0.890625, 0.3046875, 1.09375, -0.6875, 1.640625, 0.333984375, 1.6640625, -0.8515625, -0.58984375, -0.27734375, 2.21875, -0.17578125, -0.7109375, -2.296875, 0.34765625, 1.6484375, -2.09375, 0.26171875, -0.44921875, -1.7265625, -0.8203125, 1.4609375, -1.703125, 0.56640625, 0.4609375, -0.89453125, -2.703125, 2.15625, 0.734375, -1.578125, -0.515625, 1.4609375, -1.4921875, -0.26953125, 1.3828125, 0.302734375, 0.5234375, -0.2158203125, -1.1796875, 1.5390625, -1.0859375, -1.109375, -0.166015625, -0.79296875, -1.2578125, -1.4921875, -0.05517578125, 0.859375, 0.69140625, 0.734375, 0.498046875, -0.5078125, 0.2294921875, 1.390625, -1.59375, 0.515625, 0.7421875, -0.671875, 2.078125, -2.40625, -0.859375, 0.2080078125, 0.51171875, -0.73046875, 0.80859375, 0.5703125, 1.6875, -0.0556640625, 0.46875, -1.5625, 1.640625, 0.671875, 2.359375, 0.333984375, -0.93359375, -1.9765625, 0.98828125, 0.39453125, -0.47265625, -0.08203125, -0.5859375, -1.7578125, -1.1171875, 0.99609375, 2.34375, 0.62109375, -1.3984375, 0.62109375, -1.40625, -2.140625, -1.453125, -0.78515625, 0.22265625, -1.7265625, 0.2275390625, -0.34375, -0.7265625, -0.001953125, 0.1396484375, -1.0390625, 0.146484375, 0.431640625, 0.482421875, 1.453125, -0.82421875, 0.60546875, -1.515625, 0.0712890625, 0.0172119140625, 0.0242919921875, 2.1875, -1.15625, -0.1435546875, -0.24609375, -0.61328125, 0.494140625, -1.1328125, 0.69921875, -0.06591796875, 0.88671875, 0.859375, -1.9375, 0.5625, 2.234375, -0.8515625, -1.2890625, -0.44140625, 1.6875, 1.703125, 0.11328125, 0.1806640625, 0.953125, 1.625, -0.8515625, -1.4609375, -3.3125, -1.4140625, -0.875, 1.2265625, -0.78515625, -0.53515625, 0.119140625, -1.7890625, 0.028076171875, 0.7890625, -0.65625, -0.48046875, -1.265625, 0.03759765625, 1.1640625, -1.40625, -0.52734375, 2.703125, -0.173828125, 1.296875, -0.94921875, -0.1708984375, 0.87109375, 1.015625, -1.4453125, -0.55859375, 1.2890625, 0.5, 1.765625, 1.8515625, -2.09375, -0.40625, 1.2578125, 0.99609375, -0.4140625, -0.9375, -0.609375, 0.73828125, 1.015625, -1.0078125, 1.265625, 0.65234375, -0.119140625, 0.515625, -0.6875, 1.0390625, 0.34375, 0.0206298828125, 0.7421875, -2.203125, -0.70703125, 0.4453125, -0.06689453125, 1.09375, 0.4609375, 2.15625, -0.98046875, 0.97265625, 1.3046875, 1.859375, -2.265625, -0.2734375, -1.8046875, 0.62890625, 0.55859375, 0.84765625, -2.109375, -1.234375, 0.36328125, -2.0625, -0.87890625, -0.359375, 2.96875, -0.37890625, 2.21875, -1.578125, 2.03125, 0.009521484375, 0.1865234375, -1.34375, -0.83203125, 0.56640625, 0.23828125, -0.1083984375, -0.2265625, -0.11181640625, 2.15625, -1.2890625, -1.3046875, 0.41796875, -1.6484375, 1.421875, 0.9296875, 0.1396484375, -1.9296875, 1.640625, 0.66796875, 1.3515625, -2.453125, 0.7421875, -0.21875, -0.337890625, -0.48828125, 0.82421875, -1.3828125, -1.171875, 0.0224609375, -1.671875, 0.6640625, -1.671875, -0.20703125, 1.359375, -0.9140625, 1.203125, 0.81640625, -0.58984375, 0.5859375, 0.6953125, -0.53125, -0.33984375, -0.2490234375, 0.69140625, 2.5, 1.6328125, -1.9609375, -2.109375, 0.7109375, -0.1689453125, 2.375, -0.30078125, 0.8515625, -0.50390625, -0.06494140625, 0.490234375, 1.59375, -0.5625, 1.8203125, -0.040771484375, 0.06689453125, -0.9765625, 1.3203125, 1.828125, 0.0595703125, 0.58984375, -0.022216796875, 1.2578125, 0.435546875, 0.1708984375, -0.75, -0.58203125, 0.9453125, -0.265625, -1.7109375, 1.125, -0.43359375, -0.4765625, -0.083984375, -0.98046875, 0.64453125, 0.71875, -1.25, 0.7421875, 0.326171875, 0.12060546875, 0.984375, -1.0546875, -1.21875, 0.1455078125, -0.89453125, 0.061767578125, -0.38671875, 1.640625, -1.4765625, -1.09375, 1.4921875, -0.98046875, -0.48046875, 0.8203125, -1.9140625, 0.5625, 0.61328125, 0.17578125, -0.19921875, 0.357421875, -0.06787109375, 1.3671875, 0.7109375, 0.236328125, 2.6875, 1.125, 0.69140625, -0.302734375, -0.28515625, 0.47265625, -0.98046875, -1.0546875, 0.1943359375, 0.94140625, 0.7734375, -0.6171875, -1, 0.5390625, 0.251953125, 0.357421875, -0.2734375, -0.099609375, 0.828125, 1.96875, -0.11376953125, 2.0625, -0.9453125, 0.58984375, 0.890625, -1.015625, -1.046875, -0.6484375, -1.15625, -0.21875, -0.8984375, 0.85546875, 0.92578125, 1.0703125, -0.34765625, -0.220703125, -0.1103515625, 0.87890625, -0.330078125, 0.208984375, 0.7421875, 1.171875, -1.8828125, -0.138671875, 0.291015625, -1.078125, -3.359375, -0.244140625, 0.0556640625, 0.400390625, -0.4375, 0.9375, -0.6875, 1.265625, -0.439453125, -1.265625, -0.07275390625, 0.9921875, 0.66015625, -2.375, 0.267578125, 1.0546875, 2.015625, 0.271484375, -0.06005859375, -0.232421875, 2.375, 1.09375, -0.62890625, 0.032958984375, -0.42578125, -0.462890625, -2.59375, 0.51953125, 2.953125, 0.61328125, 1.1796875, 0.9140625, -0.67578125, -1.203125, 0.81640625, -0.71484375, -1.1875, -1.1953125, -0.59765625, -0.58984375, -0.98828125, -0.408203125, -1.328125, -0.23828125, 1.609375, -0.796875, 2.015625, -1.328125, -0.2197265625, -0.0322265625, -1.03125, 1.7421875, 0.859375, 0.59765625, -0.04052734375, 0.55859375, 1.1640625, 0.016357421875, 0.90234375, -0.765625, -1.2890625, -2, 0.392578125, -0.7421875, -0.388671875, 0.94140625, 0.91015625, 2.78125, 0.54296875, -1.6484375, -0.796875, -0.91796875, 0.484375, -2.59375, 1.953125, 0.482421875, -1.0859375, -1.59375, 2.0625, -0.2041015625, -1.6171875, -2.015625, -1, 0.6953125, -1.0390625, -2.328125, 0.79296875, 0.515625, 0.234375, -0.84375, -0.13671875, -1.21875, 0.1748046875, -0.64453125, -0.0830078125, 0.54296875, -1.234375, 0.205078125, -1.0390625, 0.640625, -0.984375, -1.5390625, 1.46875, 0.244140625, -0.65625, -0.041015625, -0.326171875, -0.83984375, -2.234375, -0.99609375, -0.03466796875, 0.7109375, -1.1171875, -0.91015625, 0.99609375, 1.3046875, 1.59375, -0.9140625, -0.1650390625, 0.357421875, 0.271484375, -0.3984375, -3.25, 0.734375, 0.240234375, -2.484375, 0.9140625, 0.010498046875, -1.3984375, 0.007232666015625, -1.3359375, 0.443359375, 0.89453125, 0.5859375, 0.7265625, 0.2333984375, -0.453125, 1.21875, 0.9296875, -0.67578125, -1.4921875, -1.3203125, -2.265625, 0.5546875, -2.265625, -1.21875, -0.875, -0.006195068359375, 0.55859375, -0.29296875, -0.2333984375, 0.0771484375, -0.72265625, 0.6015625, -0.0174560546875, 0.71484375, 0.8984375, 0.2392578125, 0.166015625, 0.369140625, -0.671875, -0.47265625, -1.9609375, 0.271484375, 1.5546875, -1.671875, 0.53515625, 0.000640869140625, -0.27734375, -2.15625, 0.58203125, -1.0390625, 0.8125, 0.53515625, 2.0625, 0.70703125, 1.21875, 2.609375, -0.9296875, -2.203125, -1.359375, 0.21484375, 1.0390625, 0.54296875, 1.5390625, 2.03125, 0.21484375, 0.83984375, 0.4765625, 0.10400390625, -0.64453125, -0.1591796875, -0.166015625, 2.1875, 0.19140625, -1.296875, -2.125, 0.474609375, 0.146484375, -1.1171875, 1.84375, 0.4921875, 0.61328125, 0.390625, 0.9453125, -1.9140625, -1.2265625, 0.64453125, 1.3671875, 0.69921875, -0.73046875, -0.123046875, 1.2109375, 0.84765625, 0.0157470703125, 0.1142578125, 0.82421875, 1.4453125, -0.2109375, -0.8125, -1.765625, -0.470703125, 1.2265625, -1.1953125, -0.25, -0.64453125, 1.5078125, 0.8046875, -0.78125, -0.447265625, -1.953125, 0.4921875, 1.0859375, 1.609375, 1.015625, -0.75390625, -1.9375, 0.60546875, -1.9765625, 3.09375, -2.625, 0.1435546875, 0.0439453125, -0.68359375, -0.58203125, 0.82421875, -1.328125, 0.203125, -2.265625, -0.0380859375, -0.07470703125, -1.1015625, 1.78125, 0.06689453125, 1.09375, -1.2578125, 2.125, 2.1875, -0.22265625, 2.203125, 0.83984375, -0.73046875, 2.296875, -3.765625, -0.013671875, -0.376953125, 1.375, -0.8359375, 0.08642578125, -0.765625, -0.61328125, -0.69140625, -0.6328125, -1.4296875, -1.640625, 1.1328125, -0.58203125, 0.5234375, -0.58984375, -0.421875, -0.56640625, 0.98828125, -1.0078125, -0.0927734375, -0.380859375, 0.060791015625, -0.14453125, -0.400390625, 0.86328125, 0.2255859375, -0.2578125, 1.2421875, 0.09326171875, 0.2265625, -0.6484375, 0.0810546875, -0.19921875, 0.01165771484375, 0.65625, -0.205078125, 0.60546875, 0.5859375, -0.248046875, -0.70703125, -0.93359375, -2.609375, 0.036376953125, 2.390625, -0.953125, 0.625, -1.0859375, -0.65625, 1.0234375, -0.2109375, 0.263671875, -1.625, 1.140625, -1.1171875, 2.5, 0.6640625, 0.40625, -0.546875, 0.02099609375, -0.0390625, -1.046875, 0.146484375, -0.9140625, 0.04248046875, 0.6015625, -0.46484375, 0.671875, 0.26953125, 0.98828125, 1.7109375, 0.7265625, -0.640625, -0.515625, 2 ]
https://openalex.org/W1536922977
International Prostate Symptom Score is a predictive factor of lower urinary tract symptoms after radical prostatectomy
To evaluate the impact of radical prostatectomy on lower urinary tract symptoms by using the International Prostate Symptom Score and International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life.The present prospective study comprised 804 patients having localized prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy. International Prostate Symptom Score and International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life were recorded preoperatively, and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Two study groups were considered: group 1 included patients with International Prostate Symptom Score ≤7 (mild) and group 2 included patients with International Prostate Symptom Score ≥8 (moderate to severe). Student's t-test and logistic regression were carried out to detect a predictive factor of International Prostate Symptom Score ≤7 at 24 months.The mean International Prostate Symptom Score was 5.58 ± 6.6, 11.12 ± 7.1 and 7.62 ± 6 at baseline, 1 month and 3 months, respectively (P <0.0001). The mean quality of life score showed the same evolution with a significant difference at 1 and 3 months. The mean International Prostate Symptom Score was initially 1.57 ± 1.9 in group 1 and 13.51 ± 5.5 in group 2 (P <0.0001), evolving to 3.41 ± 3.1 and 7.69 ± 5.8 at 24 months (P <0.0001), respectively. The mean quality of life score was significantly different between the groups initially, and at 6 and 12 months with P <0.0001, P = 0.005 and P = 0.02, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression showed that age, prostate volume and preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score were independent predictive factors of International Prostate Symptom Score ≤7 at 24 months (P <0.0001). In group 2, 47 patients (17%) had an International Prostate Symptom Score ≥8 at 24 months, 15 of them (32%) having a QoL score ≥3.The present study shows the beneficial impact of radical prostatectomy on lower urinary tract symptoms. However, a proportion of patients with a baseline International Prostate Symptom Score ≥8 maintain the same score at 24 months, with worsening in quality of life score in one-third of them.
[ 0.279296875, 1.5625, -0.5625, -0.267578125, -0.49609375, 2.03125, 0.16796875, 0.431640625, 0.8984375, 0.96875, -2.046875, 0.3046875, 2.09375, 0.72265625, 1.984375, 0.205078125, -1.3984375, -1.3515625, 0.08935546875, 0.43359375, 0.55859375, -0.3359375, -1.25, 0.59375, 0.12451171875, 0.494140625, -0.421875, -0.76171875, -1.6875, 0.68359375, 0.166015625, 2.140625, -1.7578125, 0.302734375, 1.921875, 1.5625, -0.62109375, 0.6015625, -0.3125, -2.890625, 0.0751953125, -0.74609375, 0.85546875, -0.89453125, -0.1796875, 0.482421875, -1.3125, -0.98828125, -0.59765625, -0.546875, -0.6484375, 0.71875, 1.90625, -2, -0.0654296875, 1.59375, -2.140625, -0.029052734375, 1.3671875, 0.30078125, 0.87109375, -1.0859375, 0.443359375, 0.259765625, -0.4375, 0.65234375, 0.140625, 1.078125, 1.0078125, -0.034423828125, 0.053955078125, 0.0235595703125, 0.41796875, -0.1962890625, 0.06201171875, 1.2421875, -0.201171875, -0.30078125, 0.59765625, 0.35546875, 0.58984375, -1.046875, -0.875, 2.078125, -0.87890625, 1.265625, 1.203125, -0.000141143798828125, 0.07470703125, -0.0361328125, 1.1640625, -0.044677734375, -0.515625, -0.7421875, -1.0703125, 0.95703125, 0.61328125, -0.390625, -1.2265625, 0.84765625, -0.59765625, 0.39453125, -1.1484375, -0.92578125, -0.90234375, -0.026123046875, -0.271484375, 0.004302978515625, -0.51171875, 0.023193359375, 0.1630859375, 0.09716796875, 0.68359375, 0.91015625, 0.255859375, -0.08203125, 0.138671875, -0.93359375, 1.2578125, -0.6796875, 1.0625, -1.609375, -0.5390625, 0.80859375, 0.66796875, 1.109375, -0.87109375, -0.1923828125, 1.1796875, -0.13671875, 1.234375, 0.08251953125, -0.3125, 0.039794921875, 0.6484375, -1.3203125, 0.216796875, 0.98828125, 0.5390625, 0.142578125, 1.4765625, 0.79296875, -1.9609375, -0.66015625, -1.6015625, -2.65625, 1.625, -0.059814453125, 1.5, 0.8515625, -1.296875, -0.6015625, -0.376953125, 0.79296875, 0.64453125, -0.310546875, 0.06640625, 1.3984375, -0.62890625, 0.2451171875, -0.1796875, -0.69921875, 0.7734375, -0.58984375, 0.236328125, 0.3359375, 1.3671875, -0.41015625, 0.11328125, -0.31640625, -0.61328125, -1.3046875, 0.6484375, 0.90625, 0.35546875, -0.283203125, 0.255859375, 0.625, -0.37109375, -0.1494140625, -1.0625, 1.3671875, 0.203125, -0.828125, 0.61328125, 0.51171875, -0.408203125, 0.890625, -0.94921875, 0.94140625, 0.9609375, -1.3828125, -1.796875, 0.51953125, -0.29296875, -1.3671875, 1.34375, 1.171875, 0.2275390625, -0.9375, -1.1640625, 1.734375, -0.6953125, 0.9609375, 0.89453125, -0.97265625, 1, 1.0234375, 1.703125, 0.052490234375, -0.07470703125, -0.06201171875, 1.21875, -0.99609375, -0.478515625, -0.5, -0.0712890625, 2.71875, 0.59375, -1.625, 1.5390625, -1.078125, -0.2177734375, 0.1240234375, -0.2099609375, -2.09375, 0.78125, 1.40625, -0.75, 1.1796875, 0.6328125, -0.984375, -0.4609375, 0.140625, -0.9140625, 0.380859375, 1.1875, -0.345703125, 1.9609375, 0.52734375, 0.94921875, 1.3203125, -0.35546875, 2.53125, 0.76171875, -0.89453125, 1.1875, -1.7109375, 1.421875, 0.076171875, 1.40625, -1.5703125, -1.0234375, 0.12353515625, -2.046875, -0.44140625, -0.0025787353515625, 0.8828125, 0.154296875, -0.234375, -0.28515625, 0.46875, -0.1572265625, 0.90625, -1.25, -1.375, -0.7265625, -0.2080078125, 0.640625, -0.578125, 0.84765625, -1.0390625, 0.0164794921875, 1.0078125, 0.6015625, -0.271484375, 0.51171875, 0.66796875, -0.369140625, -1.0703125, -1.53125, -1.453125, 0.84765625, 0.341796875, 1.2578125, 0.7109375, 0.17578125, 1.671875, -1.3359375, -2.359375, 0.09423828125, -1.4296875, -0.6875, 0.302734375, 0.33203125, -0.2158203125, 1.5703125, 1.1953125, 0.8984375, 0.21484375, 0.68359375, 0.87890625, -0.59765625, 0.1376953125, 1.125, -1.8671875, -0.11865234375, -0.369140625, 1.328125, 0.46875, 0.279296875, 0.275390625, -0.58203125, 2.984375, -0.380859375, 0.07958984375, 0.58203125, 0.005218505859375, 1.0703125, -2.15625, 0.7734375, -1.421875, -0.1845703125, -0.6328125, 0.484375, -0.48828125, -0.671875, -0.69921875, -1.515625, -0.76953125, 0.62109375, -0.54296875, 1.25, -0.5859375, -0.1630859375, 1.9140625, -0.78125, 0.4296875, 1.859375, 0.271484375, 1.125, 0.51171875, -2.9375, -0.8515625, 0.671875, -0.44140625, -0.3046875, 0.51953125, 0.0091552734375, -1.859375, -0.062255859375, 0.8359375, 1.6953125, -0.11083984375, -0.1279296875, 0.0634765625, 1.8671875, -1.7421875, 1.3359375, -0.01361083984375, -1.265625, -0.8671875, -0.82421875, 0.29296875, -0.171875, -0.6328125, -0.345703125, 0.6796875, 0.78515625, -0.37109375, 2.453125, -1.609375, -1.3828125, 1.671875, 0.640625, 1.28125, -0.46875, -0.80859375, -0.034423828125, 1.7109375, 0.16796875, 2.25, 0.6953125, 1.0703125, 0.84375, 1.234375, -0.08544921875, -0.9921875, 0.90625, 0.75390625, 1.0625, 1.1015625, -1.40625, -0.59375, -0.05615234375, 1.734375, 2.640625, 0.115234375, -0.76953125, -1.953125, 0.796875, 0.765625, -0.283203125, -0.1669921875, 0.43359375, 0.71875, -0.96484375, -0.1650390625, -0.1806640625, 1.1328125, -0.8671875, -0.87890625, 0.244140625, 0.87890625, 1.5546875, -0.181640625, 0.271484375, -0.73828125, -0.26953125, 0.5859375, 1.2734375, 0.71484375, 0.3125, -0.1376953125, -0.9296875, 0.484375, 0.62109375, 0.9609375, -0.12255859375, 0.1640625, 0.703125, 2.1875, 0.1318359375, -0.1318359375, 0.1279296875, -0.65234375, 0.83203125, 1.203125, 0.515625, 0.58984375, -1.046875, -1.0390625, 0.006988525390625, 1.5859375, 0.1083984375, 1.21875, -0.04541015625, -0.46875, 0.98828125, 0.64453125, -0.1298828125, -1.7890625, -0.3125, 0.53515625, -0.75, -1.7265625, -0.1953125, -0.76953125, 0.56640625, -0.96875, 0.2734375, -0.47265625, 0.306640625, 0.72265625, 0.8046875, -0.376953125, 0.55859375, -0.006500244140625, -0.294921875, 0.103515625, 0.26953125, 1.890625, 0.11279296875, 0.3203125, -0.08837890625, 0.66796875, -0.90625, 1.40625, 1.34375, 0.54296875, 1.4140625, 0.06005859375, -1.234375, 0.87109375, 0.73828125, -0.58203125, 0.515625, -0.2275390625, 1.484375, -0.365234375, 0.09033203125, -0.458984375, 0.36328125, 1.0390625, 1.3125, -0.486328125, -0.23046875, 0.515625, -0.203125, 0.0174560546875, 0.18359375, -0.9609375, -3.015625, -0.69921875, 0.400390625, 0.18359375, -0.337890625, -0.0810546875, -0.93359375, -0.447265625, 0.9453125, 1.59375, -1.34375, -1.65625, 1.359375, 0.875, 1.34375, 0.0341796875, -0.5078125, -0.76171875, 0.59375, -0.90625, 0.9375, 0.2294921875, 1.890625, 1.375, 1.109375, -0.67578125, -1.140625, -0.169921875, -0.068359375, 0.76171875, 0.33203125, 1.3671875, 0.69921875, -0.859375, -0.57421875, 0.66015625, 0.11865234375, 0.47265625, -0.9296875, -0.2119140625, -1.25, -0.2333984375, 1.6484375, 0.3515625, 0.6015625, 0.2265625, 0.84375, -0.103515625, -1.7265625, 1.5, -2.4375, 0.09423828125, 0.1552734375, 0.060791015625, -0.9375, -0.72265625, -0.17578125, -0.73828125, -1.4375, -2.453125, -0.423828125, 1.0625, 1.078125, 0.65234375, 0.07373046875, -0.193359375, 0.86328125, 1.453125, -0.4453125, -1.1328125, -0.1904296875, 0.357421875, 1.1796875, -0.828125, -1.03125, -0.466796875, -1.96875, -1.0390625, 1.265625, -1.1015625, -0.404296875, 0.86328125, 0.92578125, 1.515625, 1.3125, -1.1953125, 0.0118408203125, -0.126953125, -0.2490234375, -1.7421875, -0.494140625, -0.474609375, 0.55859375, 1.1015625, 0.5546875, 2.125, -0.431640625, 1.4609375, 0.609375, -0.69140625, 0.69921875, -0.1953125, 0.015625, 0.578125, 0.76171875, 0.66015625, 0.51171875, 0.5078125, -0.94921875, 0.3359375, 0.0419921875, -0.5390625, -0.0086669921875, -0.73046875, 0.62890625, -0.37890625, -1.203125, -0.53515625, -0.232421875, -1.8125, -0.53125, 0.83203125, -0.443359375, 0.353515625, 0.30859375, -0.64453125, -1.2421875, 1.0234375, -0.05859375, -0.765625, -0.267578125, -0.2421875, -0.44921875, 0.04443359375, 0.78125, 1.96875, 0.5234375, 0.2314453125, 1.71875, 1.5078125, 0.00124359130859375, -0.53515625, 0.8984375, -0.62109375, -1.390625, -0.0654296875, -0.99609375, 0.66015625, -0.64453125, 0.91796875, -0.1455078125, -0.2734375, 0.78515625, 2.15625, 0.296875, -0.416015625, -0.3203125, -0.875, 1.0234375, 0.8671875, -0.67578125, -0.6875, 0.8359375, 1.7578125, -1.4453125, -0.36328125, -0.67578125, 1.2890625, -2.875, 0.328125, 0.06982421875, -0.0252685546875, 0.4921875, 0.287109375, -0.08447265625, 1.609375, -0.2373046875, 1.0390625, -0.625, -0.359375, -1.2421875, -0.400390625, -0.11572265625, -1.65625, 0.5078125, 0.65234375, -0.92578125, 0.29296875, 1.0390625, -1.234375, -0.4140625, 0.1181640625, 1.078125, 1.53125, 0.45703125, -0.66796875, -0.546875, -1.5, 1.2109375, -0.5390625, -0.318359375, -0.007293701171875, 1.21875, -0.45703125, 0.416015625, -0.515625, -1.109375, 0.1337890625, -1.7265625, 1.390625, 0.6015625, 1.328125, 2.0625, -1.265625, -0.11181640625, -1.53125, -0.3515625, 0.890625, -0.470703125, -0.337890625, -0.2275390625, -0.11767578125, -0.435546875, 0.263671875, 0.1611328125, 0.486328125, -0.6796875, 1.3828125, -0.2265625, -1.2109375, 0.90234375, -0.0751953125, -0.984375, -0.57421875, -0.69140625, -0.267578125, 0.609375, 1.4921875, -1.5625, 0.62890625, -0.21875, 0.6171875, 0.2021484375, 1.1484375, -1.8203125, -2.5, 0.6875, 0.298828125, 0.890625, 0.007598876953125, -1.84375, 0.06494140625, -1.2734375, -1.4765625, 0.75390625, -1.5234375, -0.765625, 0.2734375, 1.53125, 0.7265625, 0.21484375, 0.50390625, 1.3984375, 2.03125, -0.3046875, -0.240234375, 0.11962890625, -0.671875, 0.0654296875, -0.1279296875, -0.369140625, 1.671875, -0.7734375, -0.8984375, 0.37890625, 0.953125, -0.7734375, 0.76953125, -0.201171875, -1.8671875, -0.6015625, 1.1171875, -1.7265625, 0.9765625, 0.042236328125, -0.5078125, -0.296875, -0.236328125, -1.3125, 0.890625, -1.65625, -0.431640625, -0.546875, 0.81640625, 0.177734375, -1.1875, -0.953125, -1.2421875, 0.6015625, -0.5078125, -0.61328125, -1.1484375, -0.84375, -0.8828125, -1.109375, 1.328125, -0.69921875, -0.251953125, 3.171875, -1.0625, 1.5, -0.271484375, -0.51171875, -0.0224609375, -0.1181640625, -0.52734375, 0.82421875, 0.07861328125, -1.078125, 1.125, -0.421875, -1.640625, -1.0625, -0.10107421875, -0.486328125, 0.63671875, -1.5234375, 1.6875, -2.0625, -0.83203125, -2.671875, -0.5078125, -0.482421875, -0.9453125, 0.4921875, 1.2421875, 0.33984375, 1.453125, -0.859375, 1.7109375, 0.8515625, 0.353515625, -1.1328125, -1.0703125, -0.375, -0.494140625, 0.072265625, -1.5546875, 1.0078125, -0.99609375, -0.11083984375, -0.2099609375, 0.484375, -0.9296875, -0.30859375, -0.62890625, 0.1640625, 0.003204345703125, 1.296875, -0.10595703125, 1.984375, 1.8984375, -0.1591796875, -0.66015625, -0.88671875, -0.234375, -1.7421875, 0.87890625, -0.78125, 1.203125, -1.21875, 1.0625, 0.7421875, -0.80859375, -0.65234375, -0.62890625, -1.1953125, 2.046875, -1.1484375, -0.33984375, -1.203125, -0.478515625, -1.1171875, -1.3515625, 0.66015625, -1.296875, -0.921875, -1.171875, -1.21875, -0.62109375, -2.625, -1.34375, -0.099609375, 1.1953125, -0.4296875, -1.0859375, -0.412109375, 1.609375, 0.62890625, 0.031005859375, 0.66015625, 1.5390625, -1.6875, 0.7421875, -1.8359375, -0.294921875, 0.9765625, 1.515625, -1.109375, -1.0390625, -0.27734375, 0.73046875, 1.296875, -0.27734375, 0.369140625, 0.3046875, 0.72265625, -0.298828125, -0.82421875, 0.119140625, 0.26953125, 1.109375, -0.2890625, 1.4765625, -0.51171875, 0.474609375, -1.3671875, 0.044189453125, -0.9609375, 0.185546875, -0.80078125, 0.71875, -0.482421875, -0.70703125, 1.6875, -1, -0.1552734375, -1.234375, 0.2734375, 0.2060546875, 2.15625, 0.232421875, -0.89453125, 0.1337890625, 0.0654296875, -0.734375, -2.0625, 0.5859375, -1.46875, -0.40625, 0.8203125, -0.96875, 1.21875, -1.0078125, -0.56640625, 0.0849609375, 0.91796875, -0.7890625, -1.5, 0.25390625, -1, 0.306640625, -0.6640625, -1.078125, -0.97265625, 0.2119140625, 1.75, 0.7578125, -1.09375, 0.0791015625, -1.5078125, 0.7578125, -0.173828125, -0.006683349609375, -1.5078125, -0.51171875, 0.06298828125, -0.09326171875, 0.7421875, 0.640625, -1.2734375, -0.93359375, 0.490234375, 1.140625, 0.032958984375, 0.41015625, 1.140625, -0.033203125, 2.3125, -1.078125, -0.08056640625, 0.7421875, 0.67578125, 1.328125, 0.0322265625, 0.43359375, -0.07666015625, 0.01226806640625, -2.4375, 0.275390625, 1.1484375, 0.27734375, 2.109375, -0.08984375, 0.72265625, -0.11474609375, 0.439453125, -1.015625, -1.4140625, 1.0234375, -0.73046875, -1.6171875, -0.146484375, -0.19140625, 0.1630859375, 0.76953125, 0.423828125, 0.84765625, -2.46875, -1.171875, -1.125, 1.9921875 ]